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<title>bioRxiv Channel: University of Geneva</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "University of Geneva"
</description>

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</rdf:Seq>
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<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
<prism:issn/>

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<title>bioRxiv</title>
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<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.532807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative analysis of food web dynamics in a low export ecosystem 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.532807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Food webs trace the flow of organic matter and energy among producers and consumers; for pelagic marine food webs, network complexity directly influences the amount and form of carbon exported to the deep ocean via the biological pump. Here we present a synoptic view of mixed layer food web dynamics observed during the late summer 2018 EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign in the subarctic Northeast Pacific at the long-running time-series site, Ocean Station Papa. Carbon biomass reservoirs of phytoplankton, microzooplankton, and bacterioplankton, were approximately equal while mesozooplankton biomass was 70% lower. Live organisms composed [~]40% of the total particulate organic carbon within the mixed layer: the remainder was attributed to detritus. Rates of carbon transfer among reservoirs indicated production and assimilation rates were well balanced by losses, leaving little organic carbon available for export. The slight positive net community production rate generated organic carbon that was exported from the system in the form of food web byproducts, such as large fecal pellets generated by mesozooplankton. This characteristically regenerative food web had relatively slow turnover times with small-magnitude transfers of carbon relative to standing stocks that occurred amidst a high background concentration of detrital particles and dissolved organic matter. The concurrent estimation of food web components and rates revealed that separated processes dominated the transfer of carbon within the food web compared to those that contributed to export.

Plain Language SummaryThe biological carbon pump drives a downward flux of organic matter from the sunlit surface ocean to the vast ocean interior. Ecological interactions in the surface ocean directly affect the amount and type of carbon that is exported to the deep ocean. In this study, we present a synthesis of the late summer mixed layer food web in the Northeast Pacific that was extensively characterized during the 2018 EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign. We found the majority of carbon was recycled within the mixed layer by microbes through multiple transfers between producers and consumers. Larger organisms, mesozooplankton and salps, only consumed a small amount of carbon but through the formation of sinking fecal pellets were the main mechanism of transporting carbon out of the system. The study highlights the need to concurrently study microbial and large organism dynamics to develop a predictive understanding of the fate of organic carbon in the oceans.

Key PointsO_LIThe microbial loop dominated carbon flow in the late summer mixed layer food web of the North Pacific, most net production was respired leaving little carbon available for export.
C_LIO_LIActive production and consumption of organic carbon occurred amid a high background of detrital particulate organic carbon (58% of total) with slow turnover time, 66 d.
C_LIO_LIMesozooplankton which had relatively minor carbon consumption rates created the majority of export production due to efficient repackaging of consumed material.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McNair, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerch, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maas, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buck, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cetinic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohn, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durkin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gifford, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoro, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamieszkin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinberg, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menden-Deuer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brzezinski, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rynearson, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.17.532807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative analysis of food web dynamics in a low export ecosystem]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.533166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of genomic-enabled cross selection criteria for the improvement of inbred line breeding populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.533166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A crucial step in inbred plant breeding is the choice of mating design to derive high-performing inbred varieties while also maintaining a competitive breeding population to secure sufficient genetic gain in future generations. In practice, the mating design usually relies on crosses involving the best parental inbred lines to ensure high mean progeny performance. This excludes crosses involving lower performing but more complementary parents in terms of favorable alleles. We predicted crosses with putative outstanding progenies (high mean and high variance progeny distribution) using genomic prediction models to assess the value of top progeny. This study compared the benefits and drawbacks of seven genomic cross selection criteria (CSC) in terms of genetic gain for one trait and genetic diversity in the next generation. Six CSC were already published and we have proposed an improved CSC that can estimate the proportion of progeny above a threshold defined for the whole mating plan. We simulated mating designs optimized using different CSC and 835 elite parents from a real breeding program that were evaluated between 2000 and 2016. We applied constraints on parental contributions and genetic similarities between parents according to usual breeder practices. Our results showed that CSC based on progeny variance estimation increased the genetic value of superior progenies by up to 5% in the next generation compared to CSC based on the progeny mean estimation (i.e. parental genetic values) alone. It also increased the genetic gain (up to 4%) and/or maintained more genetic diversity at QTLs (up to 4% more genic variance when the marker effects were perfectly estimated).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Danguy des Deserts, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Servin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goudemand-Duge, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alliot, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charmet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsen, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouchet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.17.533166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of genomic-enabled cross selection criteria for the improvement of inbred line breeding populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.532837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic dysregulation of an endothelial Ras signaling network in vein of Galen malformations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.532837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common and severe congenital brain arteriovenous malformation, we performed an integrated analysis of 310 VOGM proband-family exomes and 336,326 human cerebrovasculature single-cell transcriptomes. We found the Ras suppressor p120 RasGAP (RASA1) harbored a genome-wide significant burden of loss-of-function de novo variants (p=4.79x10-7). Rare, damaging transmitted variants were enriched in Ephrin receptor-B4 (EPHB4) (p=1.22x10-5), which cooperates with p120 RasGAP to limit Ras activation. Other probands had pathogenic variants in ACVRL1, NOTCH1, ITGB1, and PTPN11. ACVRL1 variants were also identified in a multi-generational VOGM pedigree. Integrative genomics defined developing endothelial cells as a key spatio-temporal locus of VOGM pathophysiology. Mice expressing a VOGM-specific EPHB4 kinase-domain missense variant exhibited constitutive endothelial Ras/ERK/MAPK activation and impaired hierarchical development of angiogenesis-regulated arterial-capillary-venous networks, but only when carrying a "second-hit" allele. These results illuminate human arterio-venous development and VOGM pathobiology and have clinical implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mekbib, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Ent, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allington, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prendergast, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shohfi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ocken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furey, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duy, P. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeves, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson-Williams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nottoli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piwowarczyk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehnel, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>See, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iskandar, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aagaard-Kienitz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundishora, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSpenza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, A. B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidanemariam, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prendergast, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storm, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.532837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic dysregulation of an endothelial Ras signaling network in vein of Galen malformations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pharmacologically targeting KRASG12D in PDAC models:tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic impact 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease for which new therapeutic interventions are needed. Here we assessed the cellular response to pharmacological KRAS inhibition, which target the central oncogenic factor in PDAC. In a panel of PDAC cell lines, pharmaceutical inhibition of KRASG12D allele, with MRTX1133 yields variable efficacy in the suppression of cell growth and downstream gene expression programs in 2D culture. CRISPR screens identify new drivers for enhanced therapeutic response that regulate focal adhesion and signaling cascades, which were confirmed by gene specific knockdowns and combinatorial drug synergy. Interestingly, MRTX1133 is considerably more efficacious in the context of 3D cell cultures and in vivo PDAC patient-derived xenografts. In syngeneic models, KRASG12D inhibition elicits potent tumor regression that did not occur in immune-deficient hosts. Digital spatial profiling on tumor tissues indicates that MRTX1133 activates interferon-{gamma} signaling and induces antigen presentation that modulate the tumor microenvironment. Further investigation on the immunological response using single cell sequencing and multispectral imaging reveals that tumor regression is associated with suppression of neutrophils and influx of effector CD8+ T-cells. Thus, both tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic events contribute to response and credential KRASG12D inhibition as promising strategy for a large percentage of PDAC tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumarasamy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frangou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dynka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenheck, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knudsen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witkiewicz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.533261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pharmacologically targeting KRASG12D in PDAC models:tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic impact]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recurring EPHB1 mutations in human cancers alter receptor signalling and compartmentalisation of colorectal cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ephrin (EPH) receptors have been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis, but the functional understanding of mutations observed in human cancers is limited. We previously demonstrated reduced cell compartmentalisation for somatic EPHB1 mutations found in metastatic colorectal cancer cases. We, therefore, integrated pan-cancer and pan-EPH mutational data to prioritise recurrent EPHB1 mutations for functional studies to understand their contribution to cancer development and metastasis. Here, 79,151 somatic mutations in 9,898 samples of 33 different tumour types were analysed to find 3D-mutated cluster pairs and recurring hotspot mutations in EPH receptors. From these, 15 recurring EPHB1 mutations were stably expressed in colorectal cancer cells. Whereas the ligand-binding domain mutations C61Y, R90C, and R170W, the fibronectin domain mutation R351L, and the kinase domain mutation D762N displayed reduced to strongly compromised cell compartmentalisation, the kinase domain mutations R743W and G821R enhanced this phenotype. While mutants with reduced compartmentalisation also had reduced ligand induced receptor phosphorylation, the enhanced compartmentalisation was not linked to receptor phosphorylation level. Phosphoproteome mapping pinpointed the PI3K pathway and PIK3C2B phosphorylation in cells harbouring mutants with reduced compartmentalisation. This is the first integrative study of pan-cancer EPH receptor mutations followed by in vitro validation, a robust way to identify cancer-causing mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kundu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathot, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoimenov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sjoblom, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.533270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recurring EPHB1 mutations in human cancers alter receptor signalling and compartmentalisation of colorectal cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell multiomic analysis reveals the involvement of Type I interferon-responsive CD8+ T cells in amyloid beta-associated memory loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, but there are limited therapeutic options and no current cure. While the involvement of microglia in AD has been highly appreciated, the role of other innate and adaptive immune cells remains largely unknown, partly due to their scarcity and heterogeneity. This study aimed to study non-microglial immune cells in wild type and AD-transgenic mouse brains across different ages. Our results uncovered the presence of a unique CD8+ T cell population that were selectively increased in aging AD mouse brains, here referred to as "disease-associated T cells (DATs)". These DATs were found to express an elevated tissue-resident memory and Type I interferon-responsive gene signature. Further analysis of aged AD mouse brains showed that these CD8+ T cells were not present in peripheral or meningeal tissues. Preventing CD8+ T cell development in AD-transgenic mice via genetic deletion of beta-2 microglobulin (B2m) led to a reduction of amyloid-{beta} plaque formation in aged mice, and improved memory in AD-transgenic mice as early as four months of age. The integration of transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles at the single-cell level revealed potential transcription factors that reshape the regulomes of CD8+ T cells. These findings highlight a critical role for DATs in the progression of AD and provide a new avenue for treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernando, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behensky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bass, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bono, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Pace, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattapallil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagarajan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maric, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caspi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGavern, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.533293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell multiomic analysis reveals the involvement of Type I interferon-responsive CD8+ T cells in amyloid beta-associated memory loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of GD2 and its biosynthetic enzyme GD3 synthase in prostate cancer tumorigenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While better management of loco-regional prostate cancer (PC) has greatly improved survival, advanced PC remains a major cause of cancer deaths. Identification of novel targetable pathways that contribute to tumor progression in PC could open new therapeutic options. The di-ganglioside GD2 is a target of FDA-approved antibody therapies in neuroblastoma, but the role of GD2 in PC is unexplored. Here, we show that GD2 is expressed in a small subpopulation of PC cells in a subset of patients and a higher proportion of metastatic tumors. Variable levels of cell surface GD2 expression were seen on many PC cell lines, and the expression was highly upregulated by experimental induction of lineage progression or enzalutamide resistance in CRPC cell models. GD2high cell fraction was enriched upon growth of PC cells as tumorspheres and GD2high fraction was enriched in tumorsphere-forming ability. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (KO) of the rate-limiting GD2 biosynthetic enzyme GD3 Synthase (GD3S) in GD2high CRPC cell models markedly impaired the in vitro oncogenic traits and growth as bone-implanted xenograft tumors and reduced the cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression. Our results support the potential role of GD3S and its product GD2 in promoting PC tumorigenesis by maintaining cancer stem cells and suggest the potential for GD2 targeting in advanced PC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhat, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohapatra, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mushtaq, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stock, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meza, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrissey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coulter, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Band, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Band, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.533299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of GD2 and its biosynthetic enzyme GD3 synthase in prostate cancer tumorigenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.532587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetic stabilization of translation-repression condensates by a neuron-specific microexon 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.532587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The inclusion of microexons by alternative splicing is frequent in neuronal proteins. The roles of these sequences are in most cases unknown, but changes in their degree of inclusion are associated with neurodevelopmental diseases. We recently found that the decreased inclusion of a 24-nucleotide neuron-specific microexon in CPEB4, an RNA-binding protein that regulates translation through cytoplasmic changes in poly(A) tail length, is linked to idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Why this microexon is required and how small changes in its degree of inclusion generate a dominant-negative effect on the expression of ASD-linked genes is not clear. Here we show that neuronal CPEB4 forms condensates that dissolve upon depolarization, a transition associated with a switch from translational repression to activation. Heterotypic intermolecular interactions between the microexon and a cluster of histidine residues kinetically stabilize the condensates by competing with homotypic interactions between clusters, that otherwise lead to the irreversible aggregation of CPEB4. We conclude that the microexon is required in neuronal CPEB4 to preserve the reversible regulation of CPEB4-mediated gene expression in response to neuronal stimulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Cabau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartomeu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaceanu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tesei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran-Arque, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Alfara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Pace, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Perez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaglia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindorff-Larsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvatella, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.19.532587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetic stabilization of translation-repression condensates by a neuron-specific microexon]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.532693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High performance Legionella pneumophila source attribution using genomics-based machine learning classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.532693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fundamental to effective Legionnaires disease outbreak control is the ability to rapidly identify the environmental source(s) of the causative agent, Legionella pneumophila. Genomics has revolutionised pathogen surveillance but L. pneumophila has a complex ecology and population structure that can limit source inference based on standard core genome phylogenetics. Here we present a powerful machine learning approach that assigns the geographical source of Legionnaires disease outbreaks more accurately than current core genome comparisons. Models were developed upon 534 L. pneumophila genome sequences, including 149 genomes linked to 20 previously reported Legionnaires disease outbreaks through detailed case investigations. Our classification models were developed in a cross-validation framework using only environmental L. pneumophila genomes. Assignments of clinical isolate geographic origins demonstrated high predictive sensitivity and specificity of the models, with no false positives or false negatives for 13 out of 20 outbreak groups, despite the presence of within-outbreak polyclonal population structure. Analysis of the same 534-genome panel with a conventional phylogenomic tree and a core genome multi-locus sequence type allelic distance-based classification approach revealed that our machine learning method had the highest overall classification performance - agreement with epidemiological information. Our multivariate statistical learning approach maximises use of genomic variation data and is thus well-suited for supporting Legionnaires disease outbreak investigations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buultjens, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandelannoote, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercoulia, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballard, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloggett, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howden, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stinear, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.19.532693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High performance Legionella pneumophila source attribution using genomics-based machine learning classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploiting cryo-EM structures of actomyosin-5a to reveal the physical properties of its lever 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myosin 5a (Myo5a) is a dimeric processive motor protein that transports cellular cargos along actin filaments. Its long lever is responsible for its large powerstroke, step size and load-bearing ability. Little is known about the levers structure and physical properties, and how they contribute to walking mechanics. Using cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we resolved the structure of monomeric Myo5a, comprising the motor domain and full-length lever, bound to F-actin. The range of its lever conformations revealed its physical properties, how stiffness varies along its length and predicts a large, 35 nm, working stroke. Thus, the newly released trail head in a dimeric Myo5a would only need to perform a small diffusive search for its new binding site on actin, and stress would only be generated across the dimer once phosphate is released from the lead head, revealing new insight into the walking behaviour of Myo5a.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gravett, M. S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klebl, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harlen, O. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Read, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muench, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peckham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.19.533260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploiting cryo-EM structures of actomyosin-5a to reveal the physical properties of its lever]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FIREBALL: A tool to fit protein phase diagrams based on mean-field theories for polymer solutions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates form via phase transitions of condensate-specific biomacromolecules. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) featuring the appropriate sequence grammar can contribute homotypic and heterotypic interactions to the driving forces for phase separation of multivalent proteins. At this juncture, experiments and computations have matured to the point where the concentrations of coexisting dense and dilute phases can be quantified for individual IDRs in complex milieus both in vitro and in vivo. For a macromolecule such as a disordered protein in a solvent, the locus of points that connects concentrations of the two coexisting phases defines a phase boundary or binodal. Often, only a few points along the binodal, especially in the dense phase, are accessible for measurement. In such cases and for quantitative and comparative analysis of parameters that describe the driving forces for phase separation, it is useful to fit measured or computed binodals to well-known mean-field free energies for polymer solutions. Unfortunately, the non-linearity of the underlying free energy functions makes it challenging to put mean-field theories into practice. Here, we present FIREBALL, a suite of computational tools designed to enable efficient construction, analysis, and fitting to experimental or computed data of binodals. We show that depending on the theory being used, one can also extract information regarding coil-to-globule transitions of individual macromolecules. Here, we emphasize the ease-of-use and utility of FIREBALL using examples based on data for two different IDRs.

Statement of SignificanceMacromolecular phase separation drives the assembly of membraneless bodies known as biomolecular condensates. Measurements and computer simulations can now be brought to bear to quantify how the concentrations of macromolecules in coexisting dilute and dense phases vary with changes to solution conditions. These mappings can be fit to analytical expressions for free energies of solution to extract information regarding parameters that enable comparative assessments of the balance of macromolecule-solvent interactions across different systems. However, the underlying free energies are non-linear and fitting them to actual data is non-trivial. To enable comparative numerical analyses, we introduce FIREBALL, a user-friendly suite of computational tools that allows one to generate, analyze, and fit phase diagrams and coil-to-globule transitions using well-known theories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappu, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.19.533322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FIREBALL: A tool to fit protein phase diagrams based on mean-field theories for polymer solutions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and thermodynamic consequences of base pairs containing pseudouridine and N1-methylpseudouridine in RNA duplexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pseudouridine ({Psi}) is one of the most common post-transcriptional modifications in RNA and has been known to play significant roles in several crucial biological processes. The N1-methyl derivative of pseudouridine i.e N1-methylpseudouridine has also been reported to be important for the stability and function of RNA. Several studies suggest the importance of pseudouridine and N1-methylpseudouridine in mRNA therapeutics. The critical contribution of pseudouridine, especially that of its N1-methyl derivative in the efficiency of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, suggests the requirement to better understand the role of these modifications in the structure, stability and function of RNA. In the present study, we have investigated the consequences of the presence of these modifications in the stability of RNA duplex structures by analyzing different structural properties, hydration characteristics and energetics of these duplexes. We have previously studied the structural and thermodynamic properties of RNA duplexes with an internal {Psi}-A pair and reported the stabilizing effect of {Psi} over U (Deb, I. et al. Sci Rep 9, 16278 (2019)). Here, we have extended our work to understand the properties of RNA duplexes with an internal m1{Psi}-A pair and also theoretically demonstrate the effect of substituting internal U-G, U-U and U-C mismatches with the {Psi}-G, {Psi}-U and {Psi}-C mismatches and also with the m1{Psi}-G, m1{Psi}-U and m1{Psi}-C mismatches respectively, within dsRNA. Our results indicate the context-dependent stabilization of base stacking interactions by N1-methylpseudouridine compared to uridine and pseudouridine, presumably resulting from the increased molecular polarizability due to the presence of the methyl group.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dutta, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deb, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarzynska, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.19.533340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and thermodynamic consequences of base pairs containing pseudouridine and N1-methylpseudouridine in RNA duplexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lysine-Cysteine-Lysine (KCK) tag changes ParB action in vitro but not in vivo. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Due to the enhanced labeling capability of maleimide-based fluorescent probes, lysine-cysteine-lysine (KCK) tags are frequently added to proteins for visualization. In this study, we employed in vitro single-molecule DNA flow-stretching assay as a sensitive way to assess the impact of the KCK-tag on the property of DNA-binding proteins. Using Bacillus subtilis ParB as an example, we show that, although no noticeable changes were detected by in vivo fluorescence imaging and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, the KCK-tag substantially altered ParBs DNA compaction rates, its response to nucleotide binding and to the presence of the specific sequence (parS) on the DNA. While it is typically assumed that short peptide tags minimally perturb protein function, our results urge researchers to carefully validate the use of tags for protein labeling. Our comprehensive analysis can be expanded and used as a guide to assess the impacts of other tags on DNA-binding proteins in single-molecule assays.

MotivationSingle-molecule fluorescence microscopy has been extensively used in modern biology to define the molecular action of proteins. Appending short peptide tags is a common strategy to enhance fluorescence labeling. In this Resources article, we evaluate the impact of a commonly used tag, the lysine-cysteine-lysine (KCK) tag, on protein behavior in single-molecule DNA flow-stretching assay, which is a sensitive and versatile method to understand the action of DNA-binding proteins. Our motivation is to provide researchers with an experimental framework to validate the fluorescently labeled DNA-binding proteins in single-molecule methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Molina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Way, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.19.533373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lysine-Cysteine-Lysine (KCK) tag changes ParB action in vitro but not in vivo.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.530986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for functional properties of cytochrome c oxidase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.530986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is an essential enzyme in mitochondrial and bacterial respiration. It catalyzes the four-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to water and harnesses the chemical energy to translocate four protons across biological membranes, thereby establishing the proton gradient required for ATP synthesis1. The full turnover of the CcO reaction involves an oxidative phase, in which the reduced enzyme (R) is oxidized by molecular oxygen to the metastable oxidized OH state, and a reductive phase, in which OH is reduced back to the R state. During each of the two phases, two protons are translocated across the membranes2. However, if OH is allowed to relax to the resting oxidized state (O), a redox equivalent to OH, its subsequent reduction to R is incapable of driving proton translocation2,3. How the O state structurally differs from OH remains an enigma in modern bioenergetics. Here, with resonance Raman spectroscopy and serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX)4, we show that the heme a3 iron and CuB in the active site of the O state, like those in the OH state5,6, are coordinated by a hydroxide ion and a water molecule, respectively. However, Y244, a residue covalently linked to one of the three CuB ligands and critical for the oxygen reduction chemistry, is in the neutral protonated form, which distinguishes O from OH, where Y244 is in the deprotonated tyrosinate form. These structural characteristics of O provide new insights into the proton translocation mechanism of CcO.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ishigami, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poitevin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sublett, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseau, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.530986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for functional properties of cytochrome c oxidase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterisation of the bovine C-type lectin receptor Mincle and potential evidence for an endogenous ligand 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Innate immune receptors that form complexes with secondary receptors, activating multiple signalling pathways, modulate cellular activation and play essential roles in regulating homeostasis and immunity. We have previously identified a variety of bovine C-type lectin-like receptors that possess similar functionality than their human orthologues. Mincle (CLEC4E), a heavily glycosylated monomer, is involved in the recognition of the mycobacterial component Cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate). Here we characterise the bovine homologue of Mincle (boMincle), and demonstrate that the receptor is structurally and functionally similar to the human orthologue (huMincle), although there are some notable differences. In the absence of cross-reacting antibodies, boMincle-specific antibodies were created and used to demonstrate that, like the human receptor, boMincle is predominantly expressed by myeloid cells. BoMincle surface expression increases during the maturation of monocytes to macrophages. However, boMincle mRNA transcripts were also detected in granulocytes, B cells, and T cells. Finally, we show that boMincle binds to isolated bovine CD4+ T cells in a specific manner, indicating the potential to recognize endogenous ligands. This suggests that the receptor might also play a role in homeostasis in cattle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolakowski, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosentreter, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knuepfer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jegouzo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenwasser, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumgaertel, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werling, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterisation of the bovine C-type lectin receptor Mincle and potential evidence for an endogenous ligand]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533374v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Semi-rational evolution of a recombinant DNA polymerase for modified nucleotide incorporation efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533374v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Engineering improved B-family DNA polymerases to incorporate 3'-O-modified nucleotide reversible terminators is limited by an insufficient understanding of the structural determinants that define polymerization efficiency. To explore the key mechanism for unnatural nucleotide incorporation, we engineered a B-family DNA polymerase from Thermococcus Kodakaraenis (KOD pol) by using semi-rational design strategies. We first scanned the active pocket of KOD pol through site-directed saturation mutagenesis and combinatorial mutations and identified a variant Mut_C2 containing five mutation sites (D141A, E143A, L408I, Y409A, A485E) using a high-throughput microwell-based screening method. Mut_C2 demonstrated high catalytic efficiency in incorporating 3-O-azidomethyl-dATP labeled with a Cy3 dye, whereas the wild-type KOD pol failed to incorporate it. Computational simulations were then conducted towards the DNA binding region of KOD pol to predict additional mutations with enhanced catalytic activity, which were subsequently experimentally verified. By a stepwise combinatorial mutagenesis approach, we obtained an eleven-mutation variant, named Mut_E10 by introducing additional mutations to the Mut_C2 variant. Mut_E10, which carried six specific mutations (S383T, Y384F, V389I, V589H, T676K, and V680M) within the DNA-binding region, demonstrated over 20-fold improvement in kinetic efficiency as compared to Mut_C2. In addition, Mut_E10 demonstrated satisfactory performance in two different sequencing platforms (BGISEQ-500 and MGISEQ-2000), indicating its potential for commercialization. Our study demonstrates that an effective enhancement in its catalytic efficiency towards modified nucleotides can be achieved efficiently through combinatorial mutagenesis of residues in the active site and DNA binding region of DNA polymerase. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the incorporation of modified nucleotides by DNA polymerase. The beneficial mutation sites, as well as the nucleotide incorporation mechanism identified in this study, can provide valuable guidance for the engineering of other B-family DNA polymerases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ZHAI, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buell, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533374</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Semi-rational evolution of a recombinant DNA polymerase for modified nucleotide incorporation efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GPR41/43 regulates blood pressure by improving gut epithelial barrier integrity to prevent TLR4 activation and renal inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota leads to the production of metabolites called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which have emerged as potent regulators of immune, metabolic, and tissue barrier functions. More recently, a high fibre diet and SCFA supplementation were shown to lower blood pressure and be cardio-protective. SCFAs activate host signalling responses via the receptors GPR41 and GPR43, which have redundancy in their signalling pathways. Whether these receptors play a role in hypertension or mediate the cardio-protective effects of fibre remains unknown. Using an experimental model that lacks both GPR41 and GPR43, we show that lack of signalling via these receptors increases risk to high blood pressure and leads to cardiorenal fibrosis and hypertrophy.

Moreover, we demonstrate that GPR41/43 signalling is essential in maintaining gut epithelial barrier, which prevents the translocation of the bacterial toxins lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from entering the peripheral circulation. In the absence of GPR41/43, this is accompanied by macrophage infiltration to the kidneys, resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Using an antagonist against the LPS receptor, TLR4, a potent pro-inflammatory signalling pathway, we were able to rescue the cardiovascular phenotype in GPR41/43 knockout mice. We also demonstrate that GPR41/43 are, at least partially, responsible for the blood pressure- lowering and cardio-protective effects of a high fibre diet; however, improvements of gut barrier integrity and macrophages in the kidney were independent of GPR41/43 signalling.

Finally, using the UK Biobank, we provide translational evidence that variants associated with lower expression of both GPR41/43 are more prevalent in hypertensive patients. Our findings highlight that lack of SCFA-receptor signalling via both GPR41/43 increases risk of high blood pressure, suggesting these receptors could be targeted as a new treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>R Muralitharan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barboro-Wahl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jama, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paterson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salimova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittto, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liaskos, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaye, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donnell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques, F. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GPR41/43 regulates blood pressure by improving gut epithelial barrier integrity to prevent TLR4 activation and renal inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533399v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial Peptidoglycan as a Food Digestive Signal in the Nematode that Facilitates Adaptation of Animals in Nature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533399v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Food availability and usage is a major adaptive force for the successful survival of animals in nature. However, very little is known about the signal from food to activate the hosts digestive system, which facilitates animals to digest more diverse food in nature. Here, by using a food digestion system in C. elegans, we discover that bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) is a unique food signal that activates animals to digest inedible food. We find that PGN was sensed by a conserved intestinal glycosylated protein (BCF-1) in nematodes via direct interaction, which promoted food digestion through inhibiting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Moreover, constitutive activation of UPRmt is sufficient to inhibit food digestion. Thus, our study reveals how bacterial PGN, as a common digestion cue, activates the food digestive system through interacting with a conserved glycosylated protein, which facilitates adaptation of the host animals by increasing ability to consume a wide range of foods in their natural environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>QI, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533399</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial Peptidoglycan as a Food Digestive Signal in the Nematode that Facilitates Adaptation of Animals in Nature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activity-based tyrosine phosphatomics using F2Pmp probes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We showed that the F2Pmp probe binds to PTP in a sequence-dependent manner. In addition, this study is the first successful example of comprehensive enrichment of classical PTP at the protein level. Furthermore, we found that F2Pmp probe can enrich PTPs in a PTP activity dependent manner. Using the F2Pmp probe, the fluctuation of PTPN1 and PTPN2 activities were revealed. This enrichment approach using the F2Pmp probe could be a generic tool for activity-based tyrosine phosphatomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niinae, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishihama, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activity-based tyrosine phosphatomics using F2Pmp probes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shotgun proteomic analysis of the caterpillar Lonomia obliqua (Lepitoptera, Saturniidae) hemolymph and effects in rat hippocampal neurons culture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Study of substances with potentially neuroprotective has been one of the research focus on drugs development. Toxic proteins of Lonomia obliqua caterpillars, which have caused several accidents in southern Brazil, were identified in the hemolymph with anti-apoptotic activity. This study aims the evaluation of the protein profile and the hemolymph effect on cell viability of rats primary cultured hippocampal neurons after apoptosis induction. Semi-quantitative shotgun proteomics approach was used to evaluate the protein profile of 3 caterpillars lots of different origin. Were identified a total of 76 proteins, 71 in hemolymph and 40 in fractions. Antiviral protein predominated in crude hemolymph, following by serine proteases, hemolins and protease inhibitors. In fractions were identified hemolins, serine proteases and protease inhibitors. The treatment of rats primary cultured hippocampal neurons with the chromatographic fraction at concentration of 0.05 and 0.10% (v/v) for 24 hours, with subsequently apoptosis induction was able to maintain cell viability significantly higher than positive control. Hemolymph protein composition can show qualitative and quantitative variations intra species when compared different origins animals and consequently exposed to various environmental factors. The results shown on this study may contribute to the identification of proteins with potential use as neuroprotective in degenerative conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maggi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udo, M. S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alencar da Silva, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, R. C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minetto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasso, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva Junior, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcellos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendonca, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcourakis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shotgun proteomic analysis of the caterpillar Lonomia obliqua (Lepitoptera, Saturniidae) hemolymph and effects in rat hippocampal neurons culture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of the use of different cell types as a substrate pool for in vitro kinase reaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three representative protein kinases with different substrate preferences, ERK1 (Pro-directed), CK2 (acidophilic), and PKA (basophilic), were used to investigate phosphorylation sequence motifs in substrate pools consisting of the proteomes from three different cell lines, MCF7 (human mammary carcinoma), HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), and Jurkat (human acute T-cell leukemia). Specifically, recombinant kinases were added to the cell-extracted proteomes to phosphorylate the substrates in vitro. After trypsin digestion, the phosphopeptides were enriched and subjected to nanoLC/MS/MS analysis to identify their phosphorylation sites on a large scale. By analyzing the obtained phosphorylation sites and their surrounding sequences, phosphorylation motifs were extracted for each kinase-substrate proteome pair. We found that each kinase exhibited the same set of phosphorylation motifs, independently of the substrate pool proteome. Furthermore, the identified motifs were also consistent with those found using a completely randomized peptide library. These results indicate that cell-extracted proteomes can provide kinase phosphorylation motifs with sufficient accuracy, even though their sequences are not completely random, supporting the robustness of phosphorylation motif identification based on phosphoproteome analysis of cell extracts as a substrate pool for a kinase of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niinae, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishihama, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of the use of different cell types as a substrate pool for in vitro kinase reaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational design of novel Cas9 PAM-interacting domains using evolution-based modelling and structural quality assessment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present here an approach to protein design that enables to leverage (i) scarce functional information such as experimental data (ii) evolutionary information learned from a natural sequence variants and (iii) physics-grounded modeling. Using a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), we learned a sequence model of a protein family. We use semi-supervision to leverage available functional information during the RBM training. We then propose a strategy to explore the protein representation space that can be informed by external models such as an empirical force field method (FoldX). This method was applied to a domain of the Cas9 protein responsible for recognition of a short DNA motif. We experimentally assessed the functionality of 71 variants that were generated to explore a range of RBM and FoldX energies. We show how a combination of functional, structural and evolutionary information can identify functional variants with high accuracy. Sequences with as many as 50 differences (20% of the protein domain) to the wild-type retained functionality. Overall, 21/71 sequences designed with our method were functional. Interestingly, 6/71 sequences showed an improved activity in comparison with the original wild-type protein sequence. These results demonstrate the interest in further exploring the synergies between machine-learning of protein sequence representations and physics grounded modeling strategies informed by structural information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malbranke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rostain, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Depardieu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cocco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monasson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bikard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational design of novel Cas9 PAM-interacting domains using evolution-based modelling and structural quality assessment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Testosterone acts through membrane protein GPRC6A to cause cardiac edema in zebrafish embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Androgen actions are classically thought to be mediated by intracellular androgen receptors (AR), but they can also exert non-genomic effects via binding to integral membrane proteins. Although several putative membrane androgen receptors were cloned and characterized in vitro, their function as androgen receptors in vivo remains to be further investigated. Here, we used a chemical-genetic screen in zebrafish and found that the G-protein coupled receptor GPRC6A mediates non-genomic androgen action during embryonic development. Exposure to three androgens, 5-Androstane-3,17-dione (androstanedione), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and testosterone, caused cardiac edema or tail curvature in wild-type embryos. ar mutant embryos also exhibited cardiac edema or tail curvature following exposure to these androgens, suggesting the involvement of ar-independent pathways. To identify the causative receptor, we mutated putative membrane androgen receptors gprc6a, hcar1-4, or zip9 genes and exposed mutant embryos to the androgens. We found that hcar1-4 and zip9 mutant embryos were susceptible to the identified androgens and developed cardiac edema or tail curvature phenotype following exposure. In contrast, we observed a significant reduction in cardiac edema phenotype in the gprc6a mutants compared to the wild-type embryos following testosterone treatment. Additionally, we exposed wild-type embryos to testosterone together with GPRC6A antagonists and observed a significant suppression of the cardiac edema phenotype. These results suggest that testosterone causes cardiac edema in zebrafish embryos by acting via the integral membrane protein GPRC6A, independently of nuclear androgen receptors. Using RNA-seq and RNA rescue approaches, we find that testosterone-GPRC6A causes cardiac phenotypes by reducing Pak1 signaling. Our study provides insights into non-genomic androgen signaling during embryonic development and identifies GPRC6A as a key receptor mediating androgen action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zadmajid, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorelick, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Testosterone acts through membrane protein GPRC6A to cause cardiac edema in zebrafish embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic screening identifies integrated stress response kinase HRI (EIF2AK1) as a negative regulator of PINK1 and mitophagy signalling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Loss-of-function mutations of the PINK1 kinase cause familial early-onset Parkinsons disease (PD). PINK1 is activated upon mitochondrial damage to phosphorylate Ubiquitin and Parkin to trigger removal of damaged mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy). PINK1 also indirectly phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases including Rab8A. We have performed an siRNA screen targeting all human Ser/Thr kinases in HeLa cells and discovered that knockdown of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 1 (EIF2AK1), also known as heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) kinase, a branch of the integrated stress response (ISR), selectively enhances mitochondrial depolarization-induced stabilization of PINK1 and increased phosphorylation of ubiquitin and Rab8A. We confirm our findings in multiple human cell lines, including SK-OV-3, U2OS and ARPE-19 cells. Knockdown of the upstream mitochondrial-cytosol relay component, DELE1, enhanced PINK1 stabilisation and activation similar to EIF2AK1 knockdown. Strikingly, we demonstrate that the small molecule ISR inhibitor, ISRIB, also enhances PINK1 activation and signaling under conditions of mitochondrial damage. Using the mito-QC mitophagy reporter in human cells, we observe that EIF2AK1 knockdown or ISRIB treatment significantly enhances PINK1-dependent mitophagy but does not alter deferiprone-induced mitophagy. Our findings indicate that the DELE1-EIF2AK1 ISR signaling relay is a negative regulator of PINK1-dependent mitophagy and suggest that inhibitors of DELE1-EIF2AK1 and/or ISRIB analogues could have therapeutic benefits in PD and related disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volpi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becchi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macartney, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganley, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muqit, M. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic screening identifies integrated stress response kinase HRI (EIF2AK1) as a negative regulator of PINK1 and mitophagy signalling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.529514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fever like temperature impacts on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa interaction, physiology, and virulence both in vitro and in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.529514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause a wide variety of bacterial infections and coinfections, showing a complex interaction that involves the production of different metabolites and metabolic changes. Temperature is a key factor for bacterial survival and virulence and within the host, bacteria could be exposed to an increment in temperature during fever development. We analyzed the previously unexplored effect of fever-like temperatures (39{degrees}C) on S. aureus USA300 and P. aeruginosa PAO1 microaerobic mono- and co-cultures compared with 37{degrees}C, by using RNAseq and physiological assays including in-vivo experiments.

ResultsIn general terms both temperature and co-culturing had a strong impact on both PA and SA with the exception of the temperature response of monocultured PA. We studied metabolic and virulence changes on both species. Altered metabolic features at 39{degrees}C included arginine biosynthesis and the periplasmic glucose oxidation in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa monocultures respectively. When PA co-cultures were exposed at 39{degrees}C they upregulated ethanol oxidation related genes along with an increment in organic acid accumulation. Regarding virulence factors, monocultured SA showed an increase in the mRNA expression of the agr operon and hld, pms and pms{beta} genes at 39{degrees}C. Supported by mRNA data, we performed physiological experiments and detected and increment in hemolysis, staphylxantin production and a decrease in biofilm formation at 39{degrees}C. On the side of PA monocultures, we observed increase in extracellular lipase and protease and biofilm formation at 39{degrees}C along with a decrease in motility in correlation with changes observed at mRNA abundance. Additionally, we assessed host-pathogen interaction both in-vitro and in-vivo. S. aureus monocultured at 39{degrees}C showed a decrease in cellular invasion and an increase in IL-8 -but not in IL-6- production by A549 cell line. PA also decreased its cellular invasion when monocultured at 39{degrees}C and did not induce any change in IL-8 or IL-6 production. PA strongly increased cellular invasion when co-cultured at 37{degrees}C and 39{degrees}C. Finally, we observed increased lethality in mice intranasally inoculated with S. aureus monocultures pre-incubated at 39{degrees}C and even higher levels when inoculated with co-cultures. The bacterial burden for P. aeruginosa was higher in liver when the mice were infected with co-cultures previously incubated at 39{degrees}C comparing with 37{degrees}C.

ConclusionOur results highlight a relevant change in the virulence of bacterial opportunistic pathogens exposed to fever-like temperatures in presence of competitors, opening new questions related to bacteria-bacteria and host-pathogen interactions and coevolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Solar Venero, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galeano, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luqman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricardi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serral, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez Do Porto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robaldi, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashari, B. A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munif, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egoburo, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemirovsky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escalante, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishimura, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Götz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tribelli, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.529514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fever like temperature impacts on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa interaction, physiology, and virulence both in vitro and in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.532383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleolar Essential Protein 1 (Nep1): Elucidation of Enzymatic Catalysis Mechanism by Combined Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Quantum Chemical Calculations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.532383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nep1 is a protein essential for the formation of the eukaryotic and archaeal small ribosomal subunit. It is an enzyme responsible for the site-specific SAM-dependent methylation of pseudouridine ({Psi}) during the pre-rRNA processing. It possesses a non-trivial topology, namely, a 31 knot in the active site. Herein, we investigate the structure and mechanism of catalysis of Nep1 using a combination of bioinformatics, computational, and experimental methods. In particular, we address the issue of seemingly unfeasible deprotonation of {Psi} nucleobase in the active site of Nep1 by a distant aspartate residue (e.g., D101 in Nep1 of S. cerevisiae). Sequence alignment analysis across different organisms identifies a conserved serine/threonine residue that may play a role of a proton-transfer mediator (e.g., S233 in Nep1 from S. cerevisiae), facilitating the reaction. Two enzyme-substrate complexes, one based on an available crystal structure and the other generated by molecular docking, of representative eukaryotic (from S. cerevisiae) and archaeal (from A. fulgidus) Nep1 homologs are subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The resulting trajectories confirm that the hydroxyl-containing amino acid can indeed adopt a position suitable for proton-shuttling, with the OH group located in between the proton donor and acceptor. However, during the MD simulations, a water molecule emerges from arrangements of the active site, which can assume the role of the proton-transfer mediator instead. To discern between these two alternative pathways, we evaluate the possible methylation mechanisms by quantum-chemical calculations based on density functional theory, using the cluster approach. The obtained energy profiles indicate that the most facile course of the reaction for both the yeast and archaeal enzymes is to engage the water molecule. These results are corroborated by agreement of the computed energy barriers with experimentally measured enzyme kinetics. Moreover, mutational studies show that, while aspartate D101 is crucial for the catalytic activity, serine S233 is irrelevant in this context, indirectly supporting the water-mediated proton transfer. Our findings comprehensively elucidate the mode of action of Nep1 and provide implication for understanding the catalytic mechanisms of other enzymes that involve a proton transfer in the active site over extended distances.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jedrzejewski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belza, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewandowska, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadlej, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlinska, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Augustyniak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulkowska, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.532383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleolar Essential Protein 1 (Nep1): Elucidation of Enzymatic Catalysis Mechanism by Combined Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Quantum Chemical Calculations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.532811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How a highly acidic SH3 domain folds in the absence of its charged peptide target 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.532811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Charged residues on the surface of proteins are critical for both protein stability and interactions. However, many proteins contain binding regions with a high net-charge that may destabilize the protein but are useful for binding to oppositely charged targets. We hypothesized that these domains would be marginally stable, as electrostatic repulsion would compete with favorable hydrophobic collapse during folding. Furthermore, by increasing the salt concentration we predict that these protein folds would be stabilized by mimicking some of the favorable electrostatic interactions that take place during target binding. We varied the salt and urea concentrations to probe the contributions of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions for the folding of the 60-residue yeast SH3 domain found in Abp1p. The SH3 domain was significantly stabilized with increased salt concentrations according to the Debye-Huckel limiting law. Molecular dynamics and NMR show that sodium ions interact with all 15 acidic residues but do little to change backbone dynamics or overall structure. Folding kinetics experiments show that the addition of urea or salt primarily affects the folding rate, indicating that almost all the hydrophobic collapse and electrostatic repulsion occurs in the transition state. After the transition state formation, modest yet favorable short-range salt-bridges are formed along with hydrogen bonds, as the native state fully folds. Thus, hydrophobic collapse offsets electrostatic repulsion to ensure this highly charged binding domain can still fold and be ready to bind to its charged peptide targets, a property that is likely evolutionarily conserved over one billion years.

Statement for broader audienceSome protein domains are highly charged because they are adapted to bind oppositely charged proteins and nucleic acids. However, it is unknown how these highly charged domains fold as during folding there will be significant repulsion between like-charges. We investigate how one of these highly charged domains folds in the presence of salt, which can screen the charge repulsion and make folding easier, allowing us to understand how folding occurs despite the proteins high charge.

Supplementary materialO_LISupplementary material document containing additional details on protein expression methods, thermodynamics and kinetics equations, and the effect of urea on electrostatic interactions, as well as 4 supplemental figures and 4 supplemental data tables. (Supplementary_Material.docx), 15 pages
C_LIO_LISupplemental excel file containing covariation data across AbpSH3 orthologs (FileS1.xlsx)
C_LI

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=104 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/532811v1_fig4.gif" ALT="Figure 4">
View larger version (21K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@185b8eeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@303c18org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b98532org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d7ce68_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOFigure 4.C_FLOATNO Analysis of domain backbone dynamics. A. 1H-15N heteronuclear NOE of AbpSH3 domain at 0 and 800 mM NaCl. B. Backbone 15N order parameters calculated from Modelfree. Error bars come from the fit. C. Atomic fluctuations of the AbpSH3 domain in no salt, 300 mM NaCl, 800 mM NaCl, and 800 mM KCl simulations. Average standard deviations in the atomic fluctuations (0.2 [A], 0.2 [A], 0.3 [A], and 0.1 [A] respectively) are larger than the difference between the lines.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jaramillo- Martinez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souness, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carhart, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuibus, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masoumzadeh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lantz, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latham, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stollar, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.532811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How a highly acidic SH3 domain folds in the absence of its charged peptide target]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids differ with adiposity and country of origin: The METS-Microbiome Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The relationship between the gut microbiota, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism, and obesity remains unclear due to conflicting reports from studies with limited statistical power. Additionally, this association has rarely been explored in large scale diverse populations. Here, we investigated associations between fecal microbial composition, predicted metabolic potential, SCFA concentrations, and obesity in a large (N = 1,934) adult cohort of African-origin spanning the epidemiologic transition, from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles, and the United States (US). The greatest gut microbiota diversity and total fecal SCFA concentration was found in the Ghanaian population, while the lowest levels were found in the US population, respectively representing the lowest and the highest end of the epidemiologic transition spectrum. Country-specific bacterial taxa and predicted-functional pathways were observed, including an increased prevalence of Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, Weisella and Romboutsia in Ghana and South Africa, while Bacteroides and Parabacteroides were enriched in Jamaican and the US populations. Importantly, VANISH taxa, including Butyricicoccus and Succinivibrio, were significantly enriched in the Ghanaian cohort, reflecting the participants traditional lifestyles. Obesity was significantly associated with lower SCFA concentrations, a decrease in microbial richness, and dissimilarities in community composition, and reduction in the proportion of SCFA synthesizing bacteria including Oscillospira, Christensenella, Eubacterium, Alistipes, Clostridium and Odoribacter. Further, the predicted proportions of genes in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis pathway were enriched in obese individuals, while genes associated with butyrate synthesis via the dominant pyruvate pathway were significantly reduced in obese individuals. Using machine learning, we identified features predictive of metabolic state and country of origin. Country of origin could accurately be predicted by the fecal microbiota (AUC = 0.97), whereas obesity could not be predicted as accurately (AUC = 0.65). Participant sex (AUC = 0.75), diabetes status (AUC = 0.63), hypertensive status (AUC = 0.65), and glucose status (AUC = 0.66) could all be predicted with different success. Interestingly, within country, the predictive accuracy of the microbiota for obesity was inversely correlated to the epidemiological transition, being greatest in Ghana (AUC = 0.57). Collectively, our findings reveal profound variation in the gut microbiota, inferred functional pathways, and SCFA synthesis as a function of country of origin. While obesity could be predicted accurately from the microbiota, the variation in accuracy in parallel with the epidemiological transition suggests that differences in the microbiota between obesity and non-obesity may be larger in low-to-middle countries compared to high-income countries. Further examination of independent study populations using multi-omic approaches will be necessary to determine the factors that drive this association.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ecklu-Mensah, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choo-Kang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maseng, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donato, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bovet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedu-Addo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plange-Rhule, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrester, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rae, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layden, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Keefe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugas, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids differ with adiposity and country of origin: The METS-Microbiome Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MIL Cell: A tool for multi-scale simulation of yeast replication and prion transmission. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractThe single celled bakers yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can sustain a number of amyloid-based prions, with the three most prominent examples being [URE3] formed from the Ure2 protein (a regulator of nitrogen catabolism), [PSI+] formed from the Sup35 protein (a yeast translation termination release factor) and [PIN+] formed from the Rnq1 protein (of as yet unknown function). In a laboratory environment, haploid S. cerevisiae cells of a single mating type can acquire an amyloid prion in one of two ways (i.) Spontaneous nucleation of the prion within the yeast cell, and (ii.) Receipt via mother-to-daughter transmission during the cell division cycle. Similarly, prions can be lost from a yeast due to (i) Dissolution of the prion amyloid by its breakage into non-amyloid monomeric units, or (ii) Preferential donation/retention of prions between the mother and daughter during cell division. Here we present a computational tool, called MIL-CELL, for modelling these four general processes using a multiscale approach that is able to describe both spatial and kinetic aspects of the yeast life cycle and the amyloid- prion behavior. The yeast growth cycle is considered in two stages, a mature yeast that is competent to bud (M), and a daughter yeast (D) defined as a fully grown and detached bud. In the virtual plate experiment each transition in yeast growth is stochastically regulated, according to temporal and spatial characteristics, in a manner able to incorporate concepts of confluent growth. Between the relatively coarse time-points used for the particle level description, a set of differential equations, describing the nucleation, growth, fragmentation and clumping of amyloid fibrils, is solved numerically, for each individual yeast cell. Distribution of amyloid between the mother and the daughter is carried out by solving a set of kinetic partition equations between mother and the newly forming (and still attached) daughter during the yeast budding stage. In this paper we describe the workings of the model, the assumptions upon which it is based and some interesting simulation results that pertain to wave-like spread of the epigenetic prion elements through the yeast population. MIL-CELL (Monitoring Induction and Loss of prions in Cells) is provided as a stand-alone graphical user interface-based executable program for free download with the paper (supplementary section).

MIL-CELL download:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1xNBSL_2sGNkyXfYLYUyXjyM9ibGAcQUL?usp=sharing
]]></description>
<dc:creator>HALL, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MIL Cell: A tool for multi-scale simulation of yeast replication and prion transmission.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The sliding motility of the bacilliform virions of Influenza A Viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection relies on the action of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) membrane proteins. The HA ligands anchor the IAV virion to the cells surface by binding the sialic acid (SA) present on the hosts receptors while NA is an enzyme capable of cleaving the SA from the extracellular environment. It is believed that the activity of NA ligands increases the motility of the virions favoring the propagation of the infection. In this work, we develop a numerical framework to study the dynamics of a virion moving across the cell surface for timescales much bigger than the typical ligand-receptor reaction times. We find that the rates controlling the ligand-receptor reactions and the maximal distance at which a pair of ligand-receptor molecules can interact greatly affect the motility of the virions. We also report on how different ways of organizing the two types of ligands on the virions surface result in different types of motion that we rationalize using general principles. In particular, we show how the emerging motility of the virion is less sensitive to the rate controlling the enzymatic activity when NA ligands are clustered. These results help to assess how variations in the biochemical properties of the ligand-receptor interactions (as observed across different IAV subtypes) affect the dynamics of the virions at the cell surface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stevens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Buyl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mognetti, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The sliding motility of the bacilliform virions of Influenza A Viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ODF2 negatively regulates CP110 levels at centrioles/basal bodies to control biogenesis of primary cilia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary cilia are essential sensory organelles that develop when an inhibitory cap consisting of CP110 and other proteins is eliminated. Degradation of CP110 by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway mediated by NEURL4 and HYLS1 removes the inhibitory cap. Here, we investigated the suitability of rapamycin-mediated dimerization for centriolar recruitment and asked whether the induced recruitment of NEURL4 or HYLS1 to the centriole promotes primary cilia development and CP110 degradation. We used rapamycin-mediated dimerization with ODF2 to induce their targeted recruitment to the centriole. We found decreased CP110 levels in transfected cells, but independent of rapamycin-mediated dimerization. By knocking down ODF2, we show that ODF2 controls CP110 levels. Overexpression of ODF2 is not sufficient to promote the formation of primary cilia, but overexpression of NEURL4 or HYLS1 is. Co-expression of ODF2 and HYLS1 resulted in the formation of tube-like structures, indicating an interaction. Thus, ODF2 controls primary cilia formation by negatively regulating the concentration of CP110 levels. Our data suggest that ODF2 most likely acts as a scaffold for the binding of proteins such as NEURL4 or HYLS1 to mediate CP110 degradation.

SummaryNEURL4 and HYLS1 mediate the degradation of CP110 to allow cilium formation. We used rapamycin-mediated dimerization with ODF2 to recruit NEURL4 and HYLS1 to the centriole and show that ODF2 controls CP110 levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoyer-Fender, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ODF2 negatively regulates CP110 levels at centrioles/basal bodies to control biogenesis of primary cilia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of Dimeric Lipoprotein Lipase Reveals a Pore for Hydrolysis of Acyl Chains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins, releasing free fatty acids. Active LPL is needed to prevent hypertriglyceridemia, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM), we determined the structure of an active LPL dimer at 3.9 [A] resolution. This is the first structure of a mammalian lipase with an open, hydrophobic pore adjacent to the active site. We demonstrate that the pore can accommodate an acyl chain from a triglyceride. Previously, it was thought that an open lipase conformation was defined by a displaced lid peptide, exposing the hydrophobic pocket surrounding the active site. With these previous models after the lid opened, the substrate would enter the active site, be hydrolyzed and then released in a bidirectional manner. It was assumed that the hydrophobic pocket provided the only ligand selectivity. Based on our structure, we propose a new model for lipid hydrolysis, in which the free fatty acid product travels unidirectionally through the active site pore, entering and exiting opposite sides of the protein. By this new model, the hydrophobic pore provides additional substrate specificity and provides insight into how LPL mutations in the active site pore may negatively impact LPL activity, leading to chylomicronemia. Structural similarity of LPL to other human lipases suggests that this unidirectional mechanism could be conserved but has not been observed due to the difficulty of studying lipase structure in the presence of an activating substrate. We hypothesize that the air/water interface formed during creation of samples for cryoEM triggered interfacial activation, allowing us to capture, for the first time, a fully open state of a mammalian lipase. Our new structure also revises previous models on how LPL dimerizes, revealing an unexpected C-terminal to C-terminal interface. The elucidation of a dimeric LPL structure highlights the oligomeric diversity of LPL, as now LPL homodimer, heterodimer, and helical filament structures have been elucidated. This diversity of oligomerization may provide a form of regulation as LPL travels from secretory vesicles in the cell, to the capillary, and eventually to the liver for lipoprotein remnant uptake. We hypothesize that LPL dimerizes in this active C-terminal to C-terminal conformation when associated with mobile lipoproteins in the capillary.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gunn, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neher, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of Dimeric Lipoprotein Lipase Reveals a Pore for Hydrolysis of Acyl Chains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lactococcus G423 Ameliorates the Growth Performance of Broilers by Modulation of Gut Microbiota- Metabolites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study aimed to explore whether Lactococcus G423 could ameliorate growth performance of broilers by modulation of gut microbiota-metabolites based on the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A total of 640 one-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups (Control (CON), Lac_L, Lac_H, and ABX). Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated on the 42nd day. The ileum content was harvested and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for 16S rRNA and LC-MS analyses. Then, the results of 16S rRNA analysis were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Compared with the CON group, ADG significantly increased in the Lac_H group (P<0.05), and survival rate significantly decreased in the Lac_H, Lac_H, and ABX groups (all P<0.05). A significant difference in microbial diversity was found among the four groups. Compared with the CON group, the abundance rates of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus in the Lac_H group were significantly risen (P<0.05). The global and overview maps and membrane transport in the Lac_L, Lac_H, and ABX groups significantly changed versus those in the CON group (P<0.05). The results of LC-MS demonstrated that Lactococcus could significantly improve the levels of some metabolites (6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole glucuronide, 9,10-DiHOME, carbamazepine-O-quinone, N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanine, and kynurenine), and these metabolites were involved in 5 metabolic pathways. Among them, the pathways of linoleic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions significantly changed (P<0.05). Lactococcus improved wight and survival rate of broilers through the gut microbiota, regulating the pathways of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. However, antibiotics may negatively influence the gut microbiota.

IMPORTANCEImprovements in the growth rate of broiler chickens can be achieved through dietary manipulation of the naturally occurring bacterial populations while mitigating the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters. Lactococcus is industrially crucial lactic acid bacteria, can be incorporated into the diets of chickens to improve their growth performance. This study investigated the key mechanisms behind this progression and pinpointed Lactococcus improved wight and survival rate of broilers through the gut microbiota, regulating the pathways of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lactococcus G423 Ameliorates the Growth Performance of Broilers by Modulation of Gut Microbiota- Metabolites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An epigenetic molluscicide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomphalaria glabrata is a fresh-water mollusk that serves as obligatory intermediate host to Schistosoma mansoni, agent of the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis that affects roughly 250 Mio people. One of the ways to control the pathogenic agent is to interrupt the life cycle by eliminating the intermediate snail host though foal treatment of water bodies with molluscicides. Currently recommended molluscicides were developed in the 1950ths and lack sufficient specificity, e.g., they are toxic to fish. To provide new lead compounds for the development of a new type of molluscicides we used a rational approach based on the hypotheses that interfering with an important epigenetic mark, DNA methylation, would impede development of the snail host. We present here the compound 29, analogues-based compound that mimic substrates of DNA methyltransferases. We show that compound 29 has (i) low cytotoxicity for human cells, (ii) it inhibits DNA methylation, and (iii) it decreases fecundity in B.glabrata. It is therefore conceivable to produce compounds that act as specific epigenetic molluscicides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luviano, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halby, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jallet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arimondo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosseau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An epigenetic molluscicide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An endocytic myosin essential for plasma membrane invagination powers motility against resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myosins are required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, but their precise molecular roles in this process are not known. This is, in part, because the biophysical properties of the relevant motors have not been investigated. Myosins have diverse mechanochemical activities, ranging from powerful contractility against mechanical loads to force-sensitive anchoring. To better understand the essential molecular contribution of myosin to endocytosis, we studied the in vitro force-dependent kinetics of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae endocytic type I myosin called Myo5, a motor whose role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been meticulously studied in vivo. We report that Myo5 is a low-duty-ratio motor that is activated [~]10-fold by phosphorylation, and that its working stroke and actin-detachment kinetics are relatively force-insensitive. Strikingly, the in vitro mechanochemistry of Myo5 is more like that of cardiac myosin than like that of slow anchoring myosin-1s found on endosomal membranes. We therefore propose that Myo5 generates power to augment actin assembly-based forces during endocytosis in cells.

SummaryPedersen, Snoberger et al. measure the force-sensitivity of the yeast endocytic the myosin-1 called Myo5 and find that it is more likely to generate power than to serve as a force-sensitive anchor in cells. Implications for Myo5s role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis are discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snoberger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyrpassopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drubin, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostap, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An endocytic myosin essential for plasma membrane invagination powers motility against resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Balancing Functional Tradeoffs between Protein Stability and ACE2 Binding in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.2.75 and XBB Lineages : Dynamics-Based Network Models Reveal Epistatic Effects Modulating Compensatory Dynamic and Energetic Changes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolutionary and functional studies suggested that the emergence of the Omicron variants can be determined by multiple fitness trade-offs including the immune escape, binding affinity for ACE2, conformational plasticity, protein stability and allosteric modulation. In this study, we systematically characterize conformational dynamics, protein stability and binding affinities of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Omicron complexes with the host receptor ACE2 for BA.2, BA.2.75, XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 variants. We combined multiscale molecular simulations and dynamic analysis of allosteric interactions together with the ensemble-based mutational scanning of the protein residues and network modeling of epistatic interactions. This multifaceted computational study characterized molecular mechanisms and identified energetic hotspots that can mediate the predicted increased stability and the enhanced binding affinity of the BA.2.75 and XBB.1.5 complexes. The results suggested a mechanism driven by the stability hotspots and a spatially localized group of the Omicron binding affinity centers, while allowing for functionally beneficial neutral Omicron mutations in other binding interface positions. A network-based community model for the analysis of non-additive epistatic contributions in the Omicron complexes is proposed revealing the key role of the binding hotspots R498 and Y501 in mediating community-based epistatic couplings with other Omicron sites and allowing for compensatory dynamics and binding energetic changes. The results also showed that mutations in the convergent evolutionary hotspot F486 can modulate not only local interactions but also rewire the global network of local communities in this region allowing the F486P mutation to restore both the stability and binding affinity of the XBB.1.5 variant which may explain the growth advantages over the XBB.1 variant. The results of this study are consistent with a broad range of functional studies rationalizing functional roles of the Omicron mutation sites that form a coordinated network of hotspots enabling balance of multiple fitness tradeoffs and shaping up a complex functional landscape of virus transmissibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Verkhivker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alshahrani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Balancing Functional Tradeoffs between Protein Stability and ACE2 Binding in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.2.75 and XBB Lineages : Dynamics-Based Network Models Reveal Epistatic Effects Modulating Compensatory Dynamic and Energetic Changes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The primacy of experience in language processing: Semantic priming is driven primarily by experiential similarity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The organization of semantic memory, including memory for word meanings, has long been a central question in cognitive science. Although there is general agreement that word meaning representations must make contact with sensory-motor and affective experiences in a non-arbitrary fashion, the nature of this relationship remains controversial. One prominent view proposes that word meanings are represented directly in terms of their experiential content (i.e., sensory-motor and affective representations). Opponents of this view argue that the representation of word meanings reflects primarily taxonomic structure, that is, their relationships to natural categories. In addition, the recent success of language models based on word co-occurrence (i.e., distributional) information in emulating human linguistic behavior has led to proposals that this kind of information may play an important role in the representation of lexical concepts. We used a semantic priming paradigm designed for representational similarity analysis (RSA) to quantitatively assess how well each of these theories explains the representational similarity pattern for a large set of words. Crucially, we used partial correlation RSA to account for intercorrelations between model predictions, which allowed us to assess, for the first time, the unique effect of each model. Semantic priming was driven primarily by experiential similarity between prime and target, with no evidence of an independent effect of distributional or taxonomic similarity. Furthermore, only the experiential models accounted for unique variance in priming after partialling out explicit similarity ratings. These results support experiential accounts of semantic representation and indicate that, despite their good performance at some linguistic tasks, the distributional models evaluated here do not encode the same kind of information used by the human semantic system.

HighlightsO_LIWe used RSA to evaluate three major theories of word meaning representation
C_LIO_LIAutomatic semantic priming was measured item-wise with high reliability
C_LIO_LIResults strongly support representation in terms of experiential information
C_LIO_LIWord co-occurrence information did not independently contribute to semantic priming
C_LIO_LIRSA and semantic priming can be used to determine the featural content of concepts
C_LI

Statement of RelevanceUnderstanding the representational code underlying language meaning is not only a central goal of the cognitive sciences but also a gateway to major advances in artificial intelligence and treatment of language disorders. For the first time, we quantitatively assessed the extent to which different kinds of information are encoded in the mental representation of word meanings using an implicit behavioral measure of meaning similarity. We found strong evidence that word meanings encode multimodal experiential information reflecting the functional organization of the brain, in agreement with embodied models of semantics. There was no evidence for distributional information (i.e., derived from patterns of word co-occurrence), indicating that language models such as generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs) do not encode the same kind of information that is represented in human semantic memory. These results indicate that theoretical advancements in this area will require detailed characterizations of how experiential information is implemented in semantic memory.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=123 SRC="FIGDIR/small/533703v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19548d4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e070c1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a9605org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ff2769_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernandino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conant, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The primacy of experience in language processing: Semantic priming is driven primarily by experiential similarity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence independent activity of a predicted long disordered segment of the human papillomavirus L2 capsid protein during virus entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The papillomavirus L2 capsid protein protrudes through the endosome membrane into the cytoplasm during virus entry to bind cellular factors required for intracellular virus trafficking. Cytoplasmic protrusion of HPV16 L2, virus trafficking, and infectivity are inhibited by large deletions in an [~]110 amino acid segment of L2 that is predicted to be disordered. The activity of these mutants can be restored by inserting protein segments with diverse compositions and chemical properties into this region, including scrambled sequences, a tandem array of a short sequence, and the intrinsically disordered region of a cellular protein. The infectivity of mutants with small in-frame insertions and deletions in this segment directly correlates with the size of the segment. These results indicate that the length of the disordered segment, not its sequence or its composition, determines its activity during virus entry. Sequence independent but length dependent activity has important implications for protein function and evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckley, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hierro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiMaio, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence independent activity of a predicted long disordered segment of the human papillomavirus L2 capsid protein during virus entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structures of LIG1 active site mutants reveal the importance of DNA end rigidity for mismatch discrimination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATP-dependent DNA ligases catalyze phosphodiester bond formation in the conserved three-step chemical reaction of nick sealing. Human DNA ligase I (LIG1) finalizes almost all DNA repair pathways following DNA polymerase-mediated nucleotide insertion. We previously reported that LIG1 discriminates mismatches depending on the architecture of the 3-terminus at a nick, however the contribution of conserved active site residues to faithful ligation remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively dissect the nick DNA substrate specificity of LIG1 active site mutants carrying Ala(A) and Leu(L) substitutions at Phe(F)635 and Phe(F)F872 residues and show completely abolished ligation of nick DNA substrates with all 12 non-canonical mismatches. LIG1EE/AA structures of F635A and F872A mutants in complex with nick DNA containing A:C and G:T mismatches demonstrate the importance of DNA end rigidity, as well as uncover a shift in a flexible loop near 5-end of the nick, which causes an increased barrier to adenylate transfer from LIG1 to the 5-end of the nick. Furthermore, LIG1EE/AA/8oxoG:A structures of both mutants demonstrated that F635 and F872 play critical roles during steps 1 or 2 of the ligation reaction depending on the position of the active site residue near the DNA ends. Overall, our study contributes towards a better understanding of the substrate discrimination mechanism of LIG1 against mutagenic repair intermediates with mismatched or damaged ends and reveals the importance of conserved ligase active site residues to maintain ligation fidelity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gulkis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrides, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caglayan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structures of LIG1 active site mutants reveal the importance of DNA end rigidity for mismatch discrimination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533720v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BCG administration promotes the long-term protection afforded by a single-dose intranasal adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533720v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite medical interventions and several approved vaccines, the COVID-19 pandemic is continuing into its third year. Recent publications have explored single-dose intranasal (i.n.) adenovirus-based vaccines as an effective strategy for curbing SARS-CoV-2 in naive animal models. However, the effects of prior immunizations and infections have yet to be considered within these models. Here, we investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Mycobacterium bovis BCG pre-immunization on a subsequent S-protein expressing i.n. Ad vaccination, termed Ad(Spike). We found that Ad(Spike) alone conferred long-term protection from severe SARS-CoV-2 pathology within a mouse model, yet it was unable to limit initial infection 6 months post-vaccination. While i.n. Ad(Spike) retains some protective effect after 6 months, a single administration of BCG-Danish prior to Ad(Spike) vaccination potentiates its ability to control viral replication of the B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant within the respiratory tract. Though BCG-Danish had no effect on the ability of Ad(Spike) to generate and maintain humoral immunity, it promoted the generation of cytotoxic and Th1 responses over suppressive FoxP3+ TREG cells in the lungs of infected mice. These data demonstrate a novel vaccination strategy that may prove useful in limiting future viral pandemics by potentiating the long-term efficacy of next generation mucosal vaccines within the context of the safe and widely distributed BCG vaccine.

One sentence summaryBCG enhances anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity and protection afforded by a novel adenovirus-vectored vaccine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perera, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domenech, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babuadze, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naghibosadat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koger-Pease, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labrie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuible, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durocher, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccirillo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lametti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiset, P. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elahi, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobinger, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533720</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BCG administration promotes the long-term protection afforded by a single-dose intranasal adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structural basis of hyperpromiscuity in a core combinatorial network of Type II toxin-antitoxin and related phage defence systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are a large group of small genetic modules found in prokaryotes and their mobile genetic elements. Type II TAs are encoded as bicistronic (two-gene) operons that encode two proteins: a toxin and a neutralising antitoxin. Using our tool NetFlax (standing for Network-FlaGs for toxins and antitoxins) we have performed a large-scale bioinformatic analysis of proteinaceous TAs, revealing interconnected clusters constituting a core network of TA-like gene pairs. To understand the structural basis of toxin neutralisation by antitoxins, we have predicted the structures of 3,419 complexes with AlphaFold2. Together with mutagenesis and functional assays, our structural predictions provide insights into the neutralising mechanism of the hyperpromiscuous Panacea antitoxin domain. In antitoxins composed of standalone Panacea, the domain mediates direct toxin neutralisation, while in multidomain antitoxins the neutralisation is mediated by other domains, such as PAD1, Phd-C and ZFD. We hypothesise that Panacea acts as a sensor that regulates TA activation. We have experimentally validated 16 new NetFlax TA systems. We used functional domain annotations and with metabolic labelling assays to predict their potential mechanisms of toxicity (such as disruption of membrane integrity, inhibition of cell division and abrogation of protein synthesis) as well as biological functions (such as antiphage defence). The interactive version of the NetFlax TA network that includes structural predictions can be accessed at http://netflax.webflags.se/.

Significance statementToxin-antitoxin systems are enigmatic components of microbial genomes, with their biological functions being a conundrum of debate for decades. Increasingly, TAs are being found to have a role in defence against bacteriophages. By mapping and experimentally validating a core combinatorial network of TA systems and high-throughput prediction of structural interfaces, we uncover the evolutionary scale of TA partner swapping and discover new toxic effectors. We validate the predicted toxin:antitoxin complex interfaces of four TA systems, uncovering the evolutionary malleable mechanism of toxin neutralisation by Panacea-containing PanA antitoxins. We find TAs are evolutionarily related to several other phage defence systems, cementing their role as important molecular components of the arsenal of microbial warfare.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ernits, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodiazhenko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chouhan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque-Pedraza, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bojar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamoto, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurata, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egorov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyrokova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, M. J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mets, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rustamova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzigurski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Pino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elofsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauryliuk, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structural basis of hyperpromiscuity in a core combinatorial network of Type II toxin-antitoxin and related phage defence systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reliable Particle Sizing in Vaccine Formulations using Advanced Dynamic LightScattering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the impact of lipid nanoparticles size on immunogenicity represents an important step for enabling the rapid development of novel vaccines against known or emergent diseases. Dynamic light scattering, also known as quasi-elastic light scattering or photon correlation spectroscopy, has established itself as an optimal analytical method to determine particle size due to its in-situ approach and fast measurements. However, its application to many systems of industrial relevance has been limited due to artifacts arising from multiple scattering. Results interpretation becomes severely compromised depending on the concentration of the system and the size of the particles. In this context, strong sample dilution is often required, bringing additional uncertainties to the formulation development process. Here, we show how advanced dynamic light scattering technology can filter out multiple scattering from the signal and yield fully accurate sizing measurements, regardless of the sample concentration. We illustrate this in a comparative study with standard dynamic light scattering using polystyrene beads as model suspension as well as a concentrated commercial lipid nanoparticle adjuvant (AddaVax).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bretz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jauslin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leumann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaccaro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reliable Particle Sizing in Vaccine Formulations using Advanced Dynamic LightScattering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective inhibitors of the Aurora A-TPX2 protein-protein interaction exhibit in vivo efficacy as targeted anti-mitotic agents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protein kinase Aurora A, and its close relative, Aurora B, regulate human cell division. Aurora A is frequently overexpressed in cancers of the breast, ovary, pancreas and blood, provoking genome instability and resistance to anti-mitotic chemotherapy. Intracellular localization and enzymatic activity of Aurora A are regulated by its interaction with the spindle assembly factor TPX2. Here, we have used fragment-based, structure-guided lead discovery to develop small-molecule inhibitors of the Aurora A-TPX2 protein-protein interaction (PPI). These compounds act by novel mechanism compared to existing Aurora A inhibitors and they are highly specific to Aurora A over Aurora B. Our biophysically, structurally and phenotypically validated lead compound, CAM2602, exhibits oral bioavailability, favourable pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic biomarker modulation, and arrest of growth in tumour xenografts. Consistent with our original finding that Aurora A overexpression drives taxane-resistance in cancer cells, inhibition of Aurora A-TPX2 PPI synergizes with paclitaxel to suppress the outgrowth of pancreatic cancer cells. Our results provide a blueprint for targeting the Aurora A-TPX2 PPI for cancer therapy and suggest a promising clinical utility for this mode of action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stockwell, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guarino, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rooney, T. P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, T.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moschetti, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alza, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asteian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagostin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcaide, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocaboy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaszczyk, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higueruelo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrior, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blundell, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spring, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenzie, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skidmore, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyvönen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkitaraman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective inhibitors of the Aurora A-TPX2 protein-protein interaction exhibit in vivo efficacy as targeted anti-mitotic agents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitigation of chromosome loss in clinical CRISPR-Cas9-engineered T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has enabled advanced T cell therapies, but occasional loss of the targeted chromosome remains a safety concern. To investigate whether Cas9-induced chromosome loss is a universal phenomenon and evaluate its clinical significance, we conducted a systematic analysis in primary human T cells. Arrayed and pooled CRISPR screens revealed that chromosome loss was generalizable across the genome and resulted in partial and entire loss of the chromosome, including in pre-clinical chimeric antigen receptor T cells. T cells with chromosome loss persisted for weeks in culture, implying the potential to interfere with clinical use. A modified cell manufacturing process, employed in our first-in-human clinical trial of Cas9-engineered T cells,1 dramatically reduced chromosome loss while largely preserving genome editing efficacy. Expression of p53 correlated with protection from chromosome loss observed in this protocol, suggesting both a mechanism and strategy for T cell engineering that mitigates this genotoxicity in the clinic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsuchida, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandes, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueno, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinidad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazumder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopkins, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadtmauer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cate, J. H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyquem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraietta, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>June, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitigation of chromosome loss in clinical CRISPR-Cas9-engineered T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
B cell-intrinsic STAT3-mediated support of latency and interferon suppression during murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection revealed through an in vivo competition model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancers associated with the oncogenic gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, are notable for their constitutive activation of the transcription factor STAT3. To better understand the role of STAT3 during gammaherpesvirus latency and immune control, we utilized murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) infection. Genetic deletion of STAT3 in B cells of CD19cre/+Stat3f/fmice reduced peak latency approximately 7-fold. However, infected CD19cre/+Stat3f/f mice exhibited disordered germinal centers and heightened virus-specific CD8 T cell responses compared to WT littermates. To circumvent the systemic immune alterations observed in the B cell-STAT3 knockout mice and more directly evaluate intrinsic roles for STAT3, we generated mixed bone marrow chimeras consisting of WT and STAT3-knockout B cells. Using a competitive model of infection, we discovered a dramatic reduction in latency in STAT3-knockout B cells compared to their WT B cell counterparts in the same lymphoid organ. RNA sequencing of sorted germinal center B cells revealed that STAT3 promotes proliferation and B cell processes of the germinal center but does not directly regulate viral gene expression. Last, this analysis uncovered a STAT3-dependent role for dampening type I IFN responses in newly infected B cells. Together, our data provide mechanistic insight into the role of STAT3 as a latency determinant in B cells for oncogenic gammaherpesviruses.

IMPORTANCEThere are no directed therapies to the latency program of the gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus. Activated host factor STAT3 is a hallmark of cancers caused by these viruses. We applied the murine gammaherpesvirus pathogen system to explore STAT3 function upon primary B cell infection in the host. Since STAT3 deletion in all CD19+ B cells of infected mice led to altered B and T cell responses, we generated chimeric mice with both normal and STAT3-deleted B cells. B cells lacking STAT3 failed to support virus latency compared to normal B cells from the same infected animal. Loss of STAT3 impaired B cell proliferation and differentiation and led to a striking upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes. These findings expand our understanding of STAT3-dependent processes key to its function as a pro-viral latency determinant for oncogenic gammaherpesviruses in B cells and may provide novel therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hogan, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynoso, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirillov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelazowska, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chikhalya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khairallah, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheridan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hearing, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickman, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrest, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krug, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[B cell-intrinsic STAT3-mediated support of latency and interferon suppression during murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection revealed through an in vivo competition model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and Function of the Dot/Icm T4SS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) delivers effector proteins into host cells during infection. Despite its significance as a potential drug target, our current understanding of its atomic structure is limited to isolated subcomplexes. In this study, we used subtomogram averaging and integrative modeling to construct a nearly-complete model of the Dot/Icm T4SS accounting for seventeen protein components. We locate and provide insights into the structure and function of six new components including DotI, DotJ, DotU, IcmF, IcmT, and IcmX. We find that the cytosolic N-terminal domain of IcmF, a key protein forming a central hollow cylinder, interacts with DotU, providing insight into previously uncharacterized density. Furthermore, our model, in combination with analyses of compositional heterogeneity, explains how the cytoplasmic ATPase DotO is connected to the periplasmic complex via interactions with membrane-bound DotI/DotJ proteins. Coupled with in situ infection data, our model offers new insights into the T4SS-mediated secretion mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dutka, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maggi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayrajratnam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and Function of the Dot/Icm T4SS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal genome-wide fitness analysis of Mycobacterium marinum during infection reveals genetic requirement for virulence and survival in amoebae and microglial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tuberculosis remains the most pervasive infectious disease and the recent emergence of multiple or even fully drug-resistant strains increases the risk and emphasizes the need for more efficient and better drug treatments. A key feature of mycobacteria pathogenesis is the metabolic switch during infection and expression of virulence genes is often adapted to specific infection conditions. This study aims to identify genes that are involved in the establishment and maintenance of the infection. To answer these questions, we have applied Transposon Sequencing (Tn-Seq) in M. marinum, an unbiased genome-wide strategy that combines saturation insertional mutagenesis and high throughput sequencing. This approach allowed us to precisely identify the localization and relative abundance of insertions in pools of Tn mutants. The essentiality and fitness cost, in terms of growth advantage and disadvantage of over 105 mutants were quantitatively compared between in vitro and different stages of infection in two evolutionary distinct hosts, D. discoideum and BV2 microglial cells. We found that 57% of TA sites in the M. marinum genome were disrupted and that 568 genes (10.2%) are essential for M. marinum, which is comparable to previous Tn-Seq studies on M. tuberculosis. The major pathways involved in the survival of M. marinum during infection of D. discoideum were related to vitamin metabolism, the esx-1 operon, as well as the mce1 operon.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lefrancois, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitschke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendum, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal genome-wide fitness analysis of Mycobacterium marinum during infection reveals genetic requirement for virulence and survival in amoebae and microglial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and characterization of two CRISPR-Cas systems associated with the mosquito microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microbiome profoundly influences many traits in medically relevant vectors such as mosquitoes, and a greater functional understanding of host-microbe interactions may be exploited for novel microbial-based approaches to control mosquito-borne disease. Here, we characterized two CRISPR-Cas systems in a novel bacterium, Serratia Sp. Ag1, that was isolated from the gut of an Anopheles gambiae mosquito. Two distinct CRISPR-Cas systems were identified in Serratia Ag1, CRISPR1 and CRISPR2. Based on cas gene composition, CRISPR1 is classified as a Type I-E CRISPR-Cas system and has a single array, CRISPR1. CRISPR2 is a Type I-F system with two arrays, CRISPR2.1 and CRISPR2.2. RT-PCR analyses show that all cas genes from both systems are expressed during logarithmic growth in culture media. The direct repeat sequence of CRISPRs 2.1 and 2.2 are identical and found in the arrays of other Serratia spp, including S. marcescens and S. fonticola, whereas CRISPR1 was not. We searched for potential spacer targets and revealed an interesting difference between the two systems: only 9% of CRISPR1 (Type I-E) targets are in phage sequences and 91% are in plasmid sequences. Conversely, ~66% of CRISPR2 (Type I-F), targets are found within phage genomes. Our results highlight the presence of CRISPR loci in gut-associated bacteria of mosquitoes and indicate interplay between symbionts and invasive mobile genetic elements over evolutionary time.

Data SummaryThere is no supporting external data generated for this work.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>hegde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauch, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shariat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and characterization of two CRISPR-Cas systems associated with the mosquito microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interspecies interactions determine growth dynamics of biopolymer degrading populations in microbial communities. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial communities perform essential ecosystem functions such as the remineralization of organic carbon that exists as biopolymers. The first step in mineralization is performed by biopolymer degraders, which harbor enzymes that can break down polymers into constituent oligo- or monomeric forms. The released nutrients not only allow degraders to grow, but also promote growth of cells that either consume the breakdown products, i.e., exploiters, or consume metabolites released by the degraders, i.e., scavengers. It is currently not clear how such remineralizing communities assemble at the microscale - how interactions between the different guilds influence their growth and spatial distribution, and hence the development and dynamics of the community. Here we address this knowledge gap by studying marine microbial communities that grow on the abundant marine biopolymer alginate. We used batch growth assays and microfluidics coupled to time-lapse microscopy to quantitatively investigate growth and spatial distribution of single cells. We found that the presence of exploiters or scavengers alters the spatial distribution of degrader cells. In general, exploiters and scavengers - which we collectively refer to as consumer cells - slowed down the growth of degrader cells. In addition, coexistence with consumers altered the production of the extracellular enzymes that breakdown polymers by degrader cells. Our findings reveal that ecological interactions by non-degrading community members have a profound impact on the functions of microbial communities that remineralize carbon biopolymers in nature.

ImportanceBiopolymers are the most abundant source of carbon on the planet and their breakdown by microbial degraders releases metabolic products that allow cross-feeding cells to grow and fuel the assembly of microbial communities. While it is known that the growth of degraders can facilitate growth of downstream cross-feeders in microbial communities, it has remained generally unclear if and how cross-feeders influence growth of degraders. Bridging this knowledge gap is important because degraders primarily drive the remineralization of carbon, a central process in the carbon cycle. We found that the presence cross-feeders can influence the growth of degraders by altering their spatial distribution as well as extracellular breakdown enzyme activity. Our study sheds light on the role of microbial interactions in shaping the rate of carbon remineralization in nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'souza, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartzman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keegstra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreier, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordero, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interspecies interactions determine growth dynamics of biopolymer degrading populations in microbial communities.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lysosome damage triggers direct ATG8 conjugation and ATG2 engagement via CASM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells harness multiple pathways to maintain lysosome integrity, a central homeostatic process. Damaged lysosomes can be repaired, or targeted for degradation by lysophagy, a selective autophagy process involving ATG8/LC3. Here, we describe a parallel ATG8/LC3 response to lysosome damage, mechanistically distinct from lysophagy. Using a comprehensive series of biochemical, pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that lysosome damage induces rapid Conjugation of ATG8s to Single Membranes (CASM). ATG8 proteins are recruited directly onto damaged membranes, independently of ATG13/WIPI2, and conjugated to PS, as well as PE, a molecular hallmark of CASM. Lysosome damage drives V-ATPase V0-V1 association, and direct recruitment of ATG16L1, dependent on K490 (WD40-domain), and sensitive to Salmonella SopF. Lysosome damage-induced CASM is associated with the formation of dynamic LC3A-positive tubules, and promotes robust LC3A engagement with ATG2, a lipid transfer protein central to lysosome repair. Together, our data identify direct ATG8 conjugation as a rapid response to lysosome damage, with important links to lipid transfer and dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cross, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durgan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEwan, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lysosome damage triggers direct ATG8 conjugation and ATG2 engagement via CASM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multicellular PD Control in Microbial Consortia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We propose a multicellular implementation of a biomolecular PD feedback controller to regulate gene expression in a microbial consortium. The implementation involves distributing the proportional and derivative control actions between two different cellular populations that can communicate with each other and regulate the output of a third target cellular population. We derive analytical conditions on biological parameters and control gains to adjust the systems static and dynamical properties. We then validate the strategys performance and robustness through extensive in silico experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martinelli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salzano, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>di Bernardo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multicellular PD Control in Microbial Consortia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals an expansive wave of monocyte-derived macrophages associated with vascular damage and virus clearance in hamster lungs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Factors of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs are pivotal for the ability of the host to deal with the infection. In humans, excessive macrophage infiltration is associated with disease severity. Using 3D spatiotemporal analysis of optically cleared hamster lung slices in combination with virological, immunohistochemical and RNA sequence analyses, we visualized the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through the lungs and the rapid anti-viral response in infected lung epithelial cells, followed by a wave of monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) infiltration and virus elimination from the tissue. These SARS-CoV-2 induced innate immune processes are closely related to the onset of necrotizing inflammatory and consecutive remodelling responses in the lungs, which manifests as extensive cell death, vascular damage, thrombosis, and cell proliferation. Here we show that MDM are directly linked to virus clearance, and appear in connection with tissue injury and blood vessel damage. Rapid initiation of prothrombotic factor upregulation, tissue repair and alveolar cell proliferation results in tissue remodelling, which is followed by fibrosis development despite a decrease in inflammatory and anti-viral activities. Thus, although the hamsters are able to resolve the infection following the MDM influx and repair lung tissue integrity, longer-term alterations of the lung tissues arise as a result of concurrent tissue damage and regeneration processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bagato, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balkema-Buschmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goemer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miskey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mettenleiter, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breithaupt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ushakov, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals an expansive wave of monocyte-derived macrophages associated with vascular damage and virus clearance in hamster lungs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C. elegans proteome response to two protective Pseudomonas symbionts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The C. elegans natural microbiota isolates Pseudomonas lurida MYb11 and Pseudomonas fluorescens MYb115 protect the host against pathogens through distinct mechanisms. While P. lurida produces an antimicrobial compound and directly inhibits pathogen growth, P. fluorescens MYb115 protects the host without affecting pathogen growth. It is unknown how these two protective microbes affect host biological processes. We used a proteomics approach to elucidate the C. elegans response to MYb11 and MYb115. We found that both Pseudomonas isolates increase vitellogenin protein production in young adults, which confirms previous findings on the effect of microbiota on C. elegans reproductive timing. Moreover, the C. elegans responses to MYb11 and MYb115 exhibit common signatures with the response to other vitamin B12-producing bacteria, emphasizing the importance of vitamin B12 in C. elegans-microbe metabolic interactions. We further analyzed signatures in the C. elegans response specific to MYb11 or MYb115. We provide evidence for distinct modification in lipid metabolism by both mutualistic microbes. We could identify activation of host pathogen defense responses as MYb11-specific proteome signature and provide evidence that the intermediate filament protein IFB-2 is required for MYb115-mediated protection. These results indicate that MYb11 not only produces an antimicrobial compound, but also activates host antimicrobial defenses, which together might increase resistance to infection. In contrast, MYb115 affects host processes such as lipid metabolism and cytoskeleton dynamics, which might increase host tolerance to infection. Overall, this study pinpoints proteins of interest that form the basis for additional exploration into the mechanisms underlying C. elegans microbiota-mediated protection from pathogen infection and other microbiota-mediated traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pees, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treitz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamerich, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kissoyan, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tholey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dierking, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C. elegans proteome response to two protective Pseudomonas symbionts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homocysteine Metabolites Inhibit Autophagy and Elevate Amyloid Beta by Impairing Phf8/H4K20me1-dependent Epigenetic Regulation of mTOR in Cystathionine Beta-Synthase-Deficient Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533769v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The loss of cystathionine {beta}-synthase (CBS), an important homocysteine (Hcy)-metabolizing enzyme or the loss of PHF8, an important histone demethylase participating in epigenetic regulation, causes severe mental retardation in humans. Similar neuropathies were also observed in Cbs-/- and Phf8-/- mice. How CBS or PHF8 depletion can cause neuropathy was unknown. To answer this question, we examined a possible interaction between PHF8 and CBS using Cbs-/- mouse and neuroblastoma cell models. We quantified gene expression by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, mTOR-bound H4K20me1 by chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay, and amyloid {beta} (A{beta}) by confocal fluorescence microscopy using anti-A{beta} antibody. We found significantly reduced expression of Phf8, increased H4K20me1, increased mTOR expression and phosphorylation, and increased App, both on protein and mRNA levels in brains of Cbs-/- mice vs. Cbs+/- sibling controls. Autophagy-related proteins Becn1, Atg5, and Atg7 were downregulated while p62 was upregulated on protein and mRNA levels, suggesting impaired autophagy in Cbs-/- brains. In mouse neuroblastoma N2a or N2a-APPswe cells, treatments with Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein or Hcy, or Cbs gene silencing by RNA interference significantly reduced Phf8 expression and increased total H4K20me1 as well as mTOR promoter-bound H4K20me1. This led to transcriptional mTOR upregulation, autophagy downregulation, and significantly increased App and A{beta} levels. The Phf8 gene silencing increased A{beta}, but not App, levels. Taken together, our findings identify Phf8 as a regulator of A{beta} synthesis and suggest that neuropathy of Cbs deficiency is mediated by Hcy metabolites, which transcriptionally dysregulate the Phf8->H4K20me1->mTOR->autophagy pathway thereby increasing A{beta} accumulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Witucki, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakubowski, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homocysteine Metabolites Inhibit Autophagy and Elevate Amyloid Beta by Impairing Phf8/H4K20me1-dependent Epigenetic Regulation of mTOR in Cystathionine Beta-Synthase-Deficient Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermogenetic control of Ca2+ levels in cells and tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Virtually all major processes in cells and tissues are regulated by calcium ions (Ca2+). Understanding the influence of Ca2+ on cell function requires technologies that allow for non-invasive manipulation of intracellular calcium levels including the formation of calcium patterns, ideally in a way that is expandable to intact organisms. The currently existing tools for optical and optogenetic Ca2+ manipulation are limited with respect to response time, and tissue penetration depth. Here we present Genetically Encoded Calcium Controller (GECCO), a system for thermogenetic Ca2+ manipulation based on snake TRP channels optically controlled by infrared illumination. GECCO is functional in animal and plant cells and allows studying how cells decode different profiles of Ca2+ signals. GECCO enabled the shaping of insulin release from {beta}-cells, the identification of drugs that potentiate Ca2+-induced insulin release, and the generation of synthetic Ca2+ signatures in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ermakova, Y. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waadt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roshchin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chebotarev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pochechuev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelmanson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smolyarovasmol, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keutler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matyushenko, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tischer, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaban, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikitin, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheltikov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevedel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belousov, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermogenetic control of Ca2+ levels in cells and tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protective role of protease-activated receptor-2 in anaphylaxis model mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anaphylaxis is a severe life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction induced by mast cell degranulation. Among the various mediators of mast cells, little is known about the role of tryptase. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of protease-activating receptor-2 (PAR-2), a receptor activated by tryptase, in murine anaphylactic models using PAR-2-deficient mice and newly generated tryptase-deficient mice. Anaphylaxis was induced by IgE-dependent and IgE-independent mast cell degranulation in mice. PAR-2 deficiency exacerbated the decrease in body temperature and hypotension during anaphylaxis; however, the number of skin mast cells, degree of mast cell degranulation, and systemic and local vascular hyperpermeability were comparable in PAR-2 knockout and wild-type mice. Nitric oxide, which is produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is an indispensable vasodilator in anaphylaxis. In the lungs of anaphylactic mice, PAR-2 deficiency promoted eNOS expression and phosphorylation, suggesting a protective effect of PAR-2 against anaphylaxis by downregulating eNOS activation and expression. Based on the hypothesis that the ligand for PAR-2 in anaphylaxis is mast cell tryptase, tryptase-deficient mice were generated using CRISPR-Cas9. In wild-type mice, the PAR-2 antagonist exacerbated the body temperature drop due to anaphylaxis; however, the effect of the PAR-2 antagonist was abolished in tryptase-deficient mice. These results suggest that tryptase is a possible ligand of PAR-2 in anaphylaxis and that the tryptase/PAR-2 pathway attenuates the anaphylactic response in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nakazawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tochinai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujii, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yonezawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momoi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protective role of protease-activated receptor-2 in anaphylaxis model mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal progression of anaerobic fungal communities in dairy calves from birth to maturity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractEstablishment of microbial communities in neonatal calves is vital for their growth and overall health. Feed type and associated gastrointestinal tract morphophysiological changes occurring during the pre-weaning, weaning, and post-weaning phases are known to induce shifts in microbial community diversity, structure, and function. However, while the process has received considerable attention for bacteria, our knowledge on temporal progression of anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) in calves is lacking. Here, we examined AGF communities in fecal samples from six dairy cattle collected at 24 different time points during the pre-weaning (day 1-48), weaning (day 49-60), and post-weaning (3-12 months) stages. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) indicated that AGF colonize the calves GIT within 24 hours after birth, with AGF loads slowly increasing during pre-weaning/weaning phases and drastically increasing post-weaning. Culture- independent amplicon surveys identified higher AGF alpha diversity during pre-weaning/ weaning phases, compared to post-weaning. Further, the AGF community structure underwent a drastic shift post-weaning, from a community enriched in the genera Khoyollomyces, Orpinomyces, AL3, and NY8 (some of which commonly encountered in hindgut fermenters) to one enriched in the genera Caecomyces, Piromyces, Pecoramyces, and Cyllamyces, commonly encountered in adult ruminants. Inter-calf community variability was low in the pre- weaning/weaning phases but increased post-weaning. Finally, pairwise comparison of AGF community between calves day 1 post-birth and their mothers suggest a major role for maternal transmission, with additional input from cohabitating subjects. The distinct pattern of AGF progression in calves could best be understood in-light of their narrower niche preferences, metabolic specialization, and physiological optima when compared to bacteria, hence eliciting a unique response to changes in feeding pattern and associated structural development in the GIT of calves during maturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jones, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clayburn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pribil, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foote, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elshahed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youssef, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal progression of anaerobic fungal communities in dairy calves from birth to maturity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multiplex PCR assay for the detection of Cryptosporidium species and simultaneous differentiation of Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium parvum in clinical stool samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are responsible for more than 90% of the global cryptosporidiosis. Species identification is done by amplification of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene, followed by sequencing. We have developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay which detect Cryptosporidium spp. and differentiates C. hominis and C. parvum from stool samples without the need of post amplification sequencing. Nine new set of primers for mPCR assay were designed and the mPCR assay was standardized with known positive Cryptosporidium DNA template. Best result with three sets of primers that amplifies 436 bp for all Cryptosporidium spp., 577 bp for C. hominis and 287 bp for C. parvum. In addition, thirty-five positive and thirty-five negative Cryptosporidium stool samples identified by the gold standard nested 18S rRNA PCR-sequencing assay were tested by mPCR. The sensitivity of the mPCR are 100%, 92.9%, and 87.5% for Cryptosporidium spp., C. hominis, and C. parvum respectively while specificity is 100% for all the three primers. No cross-reactivity was observed by the new mPCR assay when tested with five known DNA sample of Cystoisospora belli and two known DNA sample of Cyclospora cayetanensis, available in our laboratory from the clinical stool samples. A single species-specific mPCR product of C. hominis and C. parvum were sequenced and deposited in GenBank database with the accession no MT862538 and MT875168 respectively. The mPCR assay is developed which differentiates C. hominis, and C. parvum in a single test run of amplification and without the need for RFLP or sequencing. Although it less sensitive than 18S rRNA PCR-sequencing assay, but 100% specific, rapid, cost-effective and suitable for making diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis especially in developing countries.

HighlightsO_LINovel mPCR assay can detect all Cryptosporidium species
C_LIO_LIThe sensitivity of the mPCR were 100%, 92.9%, and 87.5% for the primers designed to detect Cryptosporidium genus, C. hominis and C. parvum species respectively.
C_LIO_LINo cross reactivity detected with newly developed mPCR assuring 100% specificity.
C_LIO_LIThe developed mPCR assay is a robust, specific, reproducible, rapid and cost-effective molecular assay for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.
C_LIO_LIAssay is useful in molecular diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, especially in developing countries.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katiyar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padukone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multiplex PCR assay for the detection of Cryptosporidium species and simultaneous differentiation of Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium parvum in clinical stool samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533800v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EGGNet, a generalizable geometric deep learning framework for protein complex pose scoring 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533800v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational prediction of molecule-protein interactions has been key for developing new molecules to interact with a target protein for therapeutics development. Past work includes two independent streams of approaches: (1) predicting protein-protein interactions (PPI) between naturally occurring proteins and (2) predicting the binding affinities between proteins and small molecule ligands (aka drug target interaction, or DTI). Studying the two problems in isolation has limited the ability of these computational models to generalize across the PPI and DTI tasks, both of which ultimately involve non-covalent interactions with a protein target. In this work, we developed an Equivariant Graph of Graphs neural Network (EGGNet), a geometric deep learning framework for molecule-protein binding predictions that can handle three types of molecules for interacting with a target protein: (1) small molecules, (2) synthetic peptides and (3) natural proteins. EGGNet leverages a graph of graphs (GoGs) representation constructed from the molecule structures at atomic-resolution and utilizes a multi-resolution equivariant graph neural network (GNN) to learn from such representations. In addition, EGGNet leverages the underlying biophysics and makes use of both atom- and residue-level interactions, which improve EGGNets ability to rank candidate poses from blind docking. EGGNet achieves competitive performance on both a public proteinsmall molecule binding affinity prediction task (80.2% top-1 success rate on CASF-2016) and an synthetic protein interface prediction task (88.4% AUPR). We envision that the proposed geometric deep learning framework can generalize to many other protein interaction prediction problems, such as binding site prediction and molecular docking, helping accelerate protein engineering and structure-based drug development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adolf-Bryfogle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grewal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Combs, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golovach, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alford, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangwala, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533800</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EGGNet, a generalizable geometric deep learning framework for protein complex pose scoring]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of tension propagation in cell membranes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The propagation of the membrane tension perturbations is a, potentially, essential mechanism of the mechanical signal transduction along surfaces of live cells. The efficiency of this process is determined by the propagation speed, which turned to be a hot and a controversial topic of the Cell Biophysics. In a stark contrast to the earlier results and expectations, the recent studies in several cell types revealed a wide range of the tension propagation speeds beginning from the strikingly low ones challenging the significance of the process and up to relatively high biologically relevant rates. The previously suggested models of the tension propagation have been based on assuming an unrealistic softness of the membranes for the stretching-compression deformations, which challenges the model ability to account for the observations. Here, we consider a different physics of the generation and the propagation of tension perturbations in cell membranes. We propose the tension to be controlled by an intra-cellular pressure and the propagation of the tension perturbations to be mediated by a membrane area redistribution between compartments, to which cell membranes are divided by the proteinic barriers, according to the picket-fence model. Using the established elastic features of cell membranes including their effective non-stretchability, this mechanism quantitatively accounts for the slowness of the propagation process and gives a natural explanation of the wide range of the observed propagation speeds. The model predictions are amenable to a direct experimental verification by controlled osmotic pressure variations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barnoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsaturyan, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozlov, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of tension propagation in cell membranes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533805v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolving antibody evasion and receptor affinity of the Omicron BA.2.75 sublineage of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533805v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 has diversified into multiple subvariants with additional spike mutations, and several are expanding in prevalence, particularly CH.1.1 and BN.1. Here, we investigated the viral receptor affinities and neutralization evasion properties of major BA.2.75 subvariants actively circulating in different regions worldwide. We found two distinct evolutionary pathways and three newly identified mutations that shaped the virological features of these subvariants. One phenotypic group exhibited a discernible decrease in viral receptor affinities, but a noteworthy increase in resistance to antibody neutralization, as exemplified by CH.1.1, which is apparently as resistant as XBB.1.5. In contrast, a second group demonstrated a substantial increase in viral receptor affinity but only a moderate increase in antibody evasion, as exemplified by BN.1. We also observed that all prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants in the circulation presently, except for BN.1, exhibit profound levels of antibody evasion, suggesting this is the dominant determinant of virus transmissibility today.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellis, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iketani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauring, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533805</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolving antibody evasion and receptor affinity of the Omicron BA.2.75 sublineage of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing vaccine-mediated protection in an ultra-low dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis murine model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite widespread immunization with Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only currently licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, TB remains a leading cause of mortality globally. There are many TB vaccine candidates in the developmental pipeline, but the lack of a robust animal model to assess vaccine efficacy has hindered our ability to prioritize candidates for human clinical trials. Here we use a murine ultra-low dose (ULD) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) challenge model to assess protection conferred by BCG vaccination. We show that BCG confers a reduction in lung bacterial burdens that is more durable than that observed after conventional dose challenge, curbs Mtb dissemination to the contralateral lung, and, in a small percentage of mice, prevents detectable infection. These findings are consistent with the ability of human BCG vaccination to mediate protection, particularly against disseminated disease, in specific human populations and clinical settings. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the ultra-low dose Mtb infection model can measure distinct parameters of immune protection that cannot be assessed in conventional dose murine infection models and could provide an improved platform for TB vaccine testing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Plumlee, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lien, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edlefsen, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urdahl, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing vaccine-mediated protection in an ultra-low dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis murine model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emerging Antifungal Resistance in Falco Species: A Novel Model for Human Medicine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antifungal resistance is a growing concern in the medical community, as fungal infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat. In this study, Falco species were used as novel models for studying antifungal resistance since Aspergillosis, a fungal disease is common in falcons. The most isolated fungi in this study were A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, and A. terreus, all of which can cause aspergillosis in falcons. Isavuconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole had the lowest MICs among the drugs tested, suggesting that they may be effective treatment options. However, this study showed that 34% of the isolates were resistant to itraconazole, which is an increase from 21% in 2006. There is no resistance to voriconazole found in 2006 and 2011, but a 9% resistance rate was noted in 2022. Similarly, there is no resistance to posaconazole and isavuconazole was noticed in 2011, but resistance of 4.7% and 5.8%, respectively was noticed in 2022. Amphotericin B, which showed a 51% resistance rate in 2006, became even more resistant with an 80% rate in 2011, leading to its discontinuation from the treatment of falcons against aspergillosis. This study highlights a significant rise in antifungal resistance, which is a challenging problem in both falcon and human medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DAS, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHRISTU, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SILVANOSE, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BINOY, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AZMANIS, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DI SOMMA, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GLADSTON, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emerging Antifungal Resistance in Falco Species: A Novel Model for Human Medicine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mammalian cell characterisation by non-invasive plate reader assay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Automated and non-invasive mammalian cell analysis is currently lagging behind due to a lack of methods suitable for a variety of cell lines and applications. Here, we report the development of a high throughput non-invasive method for tracking mammalian cell growth and performance based on plate reader measurements. We show the method to be suitable for both suspension and adhesion cell lines, and we demonstrate it can be adopted when cells are grown under different environmental conditions. We establish that the method can inform on effective drug treatment to be used depending on the cell line considered, and that it can support characterisation of engineered mammalian cells over time. This work provides the scientific community with a novel approach to mammalian cell screening, also contributing to the current efforts towards high throughput and automated mammalian cell engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grob, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bena, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Blasi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pessina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sood, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yunyue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isalan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceroni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mammalian cell characterisation by non-invasive plate reader assay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a Novel PARP14 Site Motif and Glycohydrolase Specificity Using TLC-MALDI-TOF 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transfer of ADP-ribose (ADPr) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to target proteins is mediated by a class of human poly-ADP-ribose polymerases, PARPs, and removal of ADPr is catalyzed by a family of glycohydrolases. Although thousands of potential ADPr modification sites have been identified using high-throughput mass-spectrometry, relatively little is known about sequence specificity encoded near the modification site. Herein, we present a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) method that facilitates the discovery and validation of ADPr site motifs. We identify a minimal 5-mer peptide sequence that is sufficient to drive PARP14 specific activity while highlighting the importance of the adjacent residues in PARP14 targeting. We measure the stability of the resultant ester bond and show that non-enzymatic removal is sequence independent and occurs within hours. Finally, we use the ADPr--peptide to highlight differential activities within the glycohydrolase family and their sequence specificities. Our results highlight: 1) the utility of MALDI-TOF in motif discovery and 2) the importance of peptide sequence in governing ADPr transfer and removal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Javed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohr, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vano, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turumella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flinn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter-O'Connell, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a Novel PARP14 Site Motif and Glycohydrolase Specificity Using TLC-MALDI-TOF]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection in NADPH oxidase deficiency: defective mycobacterial sequestration and granuloma formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) lack generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2. CGD is an immune deficiency that leads to frequent infections with certain pathogens; this is well documented for S. aureus and A. fumigatus, but less clear for mycobacteria. We therefore performed an extensive literature search which yielded 297 cases of CGD patients with mycobacterial infections; M.bovis BCG was most commonly recovered (74%). The relationship between NOX2 deficiency and BCG infection however has never been studied in a mouse model. We therefore investigated BCG infection in three different mouse models of CGD: Ncf1 mutants in two different genetic backgrounds and NOX2 knock-out mice. In addition we investigated a macrophage-specific rescue (transgenic expression of Ncf1 under the control of the CD68 promoter). Wild type mice did not develop severe disease upon BCG injection. In contrast, all three types of CGD mice were highly susceptible to BCG, as witnessed by a severe weight loss, development of hemorrhagic pneumonia, and a high mortality ([~] 50%). Rescue of NOX2 activity in macrophages restored BCG resistance, similar as seen in wild-type mice. Granulomas from mycobacteria-infected wild type mice generated ROS, while granulomas from CGD mice did not. Bacterial load in CGD mice was only moderately increased, suggesting that it was not crucial for the observed phenotype. CGD mice responded with massively enhanced cytokine release (TNF-, IFN-{gamma}, IL-17 and IL-12) to BCG infection, which might account for severity of the disease. Finally, in wild-type mice, macrophages formed clusters and restricted mycobacteria to granulomas, while macrophages and mycobacteria were diffusely distributed in lung tissue from CGD mice. Our results demonstrate that lack of the NADPH oxidase leads to a markedly increased severity of BCG infection through mechanisms including increased cytokine production and impaired granuloma formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christine Deffert</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michela G. Schäppi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Claude Pache</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julien Cachat</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominique Vesin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruth Bisig</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaojuan Ma Mulone</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiina Kelkka</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rikard Holmdahl</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irene Garcia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maria L. Olleros</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karl-Heinz Krause</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/005835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection in NADPH oxidase deficiency: defective mycobacterial sequestration and granuloma formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/007211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing allele specific expression across multiple tissues from RNA-seq read data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/007211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motivation: RNA sequencing enables allele specific expression (ASE) studies that complement standard genotype expression studies for common variants and, importantly, also allow measuring the regulatory impact of rare variants. The Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx) is collecting RNA-seq data on multiple tissues of a same set of individuals and novel methods are required for the analysis of these data. Results: We present a statistical method to compare different patterns of ASE across tissues and to classify genetic variants according to their impact on the tissue-wide expression profile. We focus on strong ASE effects that we are expecting to see for protein-truncating variants, but our method can also be adjusted for other types of ASE effects. We illustrate the method with a real data example on a tissue-wide expression profile of a variant causal for lipoid proteinosis, and with a simulation study to assess our method more generally. Availability: MAMBA software: http://birch.well.ox.ac.uk/~rivas/mamba/ R source code and data examples: http://www.iki.fi/mpirinen/ Contact: matti.pirinen@helsinki.fi rivas@well.ox.ac.uk
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matti Pirinen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuuli Lappalainen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noah A Zaitlen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GTEx Consortium</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouil T Dermitzakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter Donnelly</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark I McCarthy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manuel A Rivas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/007211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing allele specific expression across multiple tissues from RNA-seq read data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/007484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long non-coding RNA discovery in Anopheles gambiae using deep RNA sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/007484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are mRNA-like transcripts longer than 200 bp that have no protein-coding potential. lncRNAs have recently been implicated in epigenetic regulation, transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation, and regulation of genomic stability in mammals, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster. Using deep RNA sequencing of multiple Anopheles gambiae life stages, we have identified over 600 novel lncRNAs and more than 200 previously unannotated putative protein-coding genes. The lncRNAs exhibit differential expression profiles across life stages and adult genders. Those lncRNAs that are antisense to known protein-coding genes or are contained within intronic regions of protein-coding genes may mediate transcriptional repression or stabilization of associated mRNAs. lncRNAs exhibit faster rates of sequence evolution across anophelines compared to previously known and newly identified protein-coding genes. This initial description of lncRNAs in An. gambiae offers the first genome-wide insights into long non-coding RNAs in this vector mosquito and defines a novel set of potential targets for the development of vector-based interventions that may curb the human malaria burden in disease-endemic countries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adam M Jenkins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert M Waterhouse</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alan S Kopin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marc A.T. Muskavitch</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/007484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long non-coding RNA discovery in Anopheles gambiae using deep RNA sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/010546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Widespread Gene-Gene and Gene-Environment Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/010546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the genetic architecture of gene expression is an intermediate step to understand the genetic architecture of complex diseases. RNA-seq technologies have improved the quantification of gene expression and allow to measure allelic specific expression (ASE)1-3. ASE is hypothesized to result from the direct effect of cis regulatory variants, but a proper estimation of the causes of ASE has not been performed to date. In this study we take advantage of a sample of twins to measure the relative contribution of genetic and environmental effects on ASE and we found substantial effects of gene x gene (GxG) and gene x environment (GxE) interactions. We propose a model where ASE requires genetic variability in cis, a difference in the sequence of both alleles, but the magnitude of the ASE effect depends on trans genetic and environmental factors that interact with the cis genetic variants. We uncover large GxG and GxE effects on gene expression and likely complex phenotypes that currently remain elusive.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alfonso Buil</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew A Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuuli Lappalainen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ana Viñuela</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew N Davies</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houfeng F Zheng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent J Richards</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Glass</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerrin S Small</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard Durbin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy D Spector</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouil T Dermitzakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/010546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Widespread Gene-Gene and Gene-Environment Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/014126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alternative splicing QTLs in European and African populations using Altrans, a novel method for splice junction quantification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/014126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the advent of RNA-sequencing technology we now have the power to detect different types of alternative splicing and how DNA variation affects splicing. However, given the short read lengths used in most population based RNA-sequencing experiments, quantifying transcripts accurately remains a challenge. Here we present a novel method, Altrans, for discovery of alternative splicing quantitative trait loci (asQTLs). To assess the performance of Altrans we compared it to Cufflinks, a well-established transcript quantification method. Simulations show that in the presence of transcripts absent from the annotation, Altrans performs better in quantifications than Cufflinks. We have applied Altrans and Cufflinks to the Geuvadis dataset, which comprises samples from European and African populations, and discovered (FDR = 1%) 1806 and 243 asQTLs with Altrans, and 1596 and 288 asQTLs with Cufflinks for Europeans and Africans, respectively. Although Cufflinks results replicated better across the two populations, this likely due to the increased sensitivity of Altrans in detecting harder to detect associations. We show that, by discovering a set of asQTLs in a smaller subset of European samples and replicating these in the remaining larger subset of Europeans, both methods achieve similar replication levels (94% and 98% replication in Altrans and Cufflinks, respectively). We find that method specific asQTLs are largely due to different types of alternative splicing events detected by each method. We overlapped the asQTLs with biochemically active regions of the genome and observed significant enrichments for many functional marks and variants in splicing regions, highlighting the biological relevance of the asQTLs identified. All together, we present a novel approach for discovering asQTLs that is a more direct assessment of splicing compared to other methods and is complementary to other transcript quantification methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Halit Ongen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouil T Dermitzakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/014126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alternative splicing QTLs in European and African populations using Altrans, a novel method for splice junction quantification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/022301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast and efficient QTL mapper for thousands of molecular phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/022301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationIn order to discover quantitative trait loci (QTLs), multi-dimensional genomic data sets combining DNA-seq and ChiP-/RNA-seq require methods that rapidly correlate tens of thousands of molecular phenotypes with millions of genetic variants while appropriately controlling for multiple testing.nnResultsWe have developed FastQTL, a method that implements a popular cis-QTL mapping strategy in a user- and cluster-friendly tool. FastQTL also proposes an efficient permutation procedure to control for multiple testing. The outcome of permutations is modeled using beta distributions trained from a few permutations and from which adjusted p-values can be estimated at any level of significance with little computational cost. The Geuvadis & GTEx pilot data sets can be now easily analyzed an order of magnitude faster than previous approaches.nnAvailabilitySource code, binaries and comprehensive documentation of FastQTL are freely available to download at http://fastqtl.sourceforge.net/.nnContactolivier.delaneau@unige.ch
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Halit Ongen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfonso Buil</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouil Dermitzakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivier Delaneau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/022301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast and efficient QTL mapper for thousands of molecular phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/023226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A spatio-temporal model for spontaneous thrombus formation in cerebral aneurysms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/023226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We propose a new numerical model to describe thrombus formation in cerebral aneurysms. This model combines CFD simulations with a set of bio-mechanical processes identified as being the most important to describe the phenomena at a large space and time scales. The hypotheses of the model are based on in vitro experiments and clinical observations. We document that we can reproduce very well the shape and volume of patient specific thrombus segmented in giant aneurysms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orestis Malaspinas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexis Turjman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Ribeiro de Sousa</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillermo Garcia-Cardena</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martine Raes</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phuc-Thien Thomas Nguyen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guy Courbebaisse</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christophe Lelubre</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastien Chopard</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/023226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A spatio-temporal model for spontaneous thrombus formation in cerebral aneurysms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/032763v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/032763v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Farming and sedentism first appear in southwest Asia during the early Holocene and later spread to neighboring regions, including Europe, along multiple dispersal routes. Conspicuous uncertainties remain about the relative roles of migration, cultural diffusion and admixture with local foragers in the early Neolithisation of Europe. Here we present paleogenomic data for five Neolithic individuals from northwestern Turkey and northern Greece - spanning the time and region of the earliest spread of farming into Europe. We observe striking genetic similarity both among Aegean early farmers and with those from across Europe. Our study demonstrates a direct genetic link between Mediterranean and Central European early farmers and those of Greece and Anatolia, extending the European Neolithic migratory chain all the way back to southwestern Asia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zuzana Hofmanová</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susanne Kreutzer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett Hellenthal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christian Sell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoan Diekmann</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Díez del Molino</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucy van Dorp</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saioa López</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Athanasios Kousathanas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian Link</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karola Kirsanow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara M Cassidy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rui Martiniano</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melanie Strobel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amelie Scheu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostas Kotsakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Halstead</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevi Triantaphyllou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nina Kyparissi-Apostolika</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dushanka-Christina Urem-Kotsou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christina Ziota</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fotini Adaktylou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyamalika Gopalan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean M Bobo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laura Winkelbach</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jens Blöcher</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martina Unterländer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christoph Leuenberger</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Çiler Çilingiroğlu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbara Horejs</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fokke Gerritsen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen Shennan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel G Bradley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias Currat</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna Veeramah</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/032763</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/035378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
solarius: an R interface to SOLAR for variance component analysis in pedigrees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/035378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryThe open source environment R is one of the most widely used software for statistical computing. It provides a variety of applications including statistical genetics. Most of the powerful tools for quantitative genetic analyses are stand-alone free programs developed by researchers in academia. SOLAR is the standard software program to perform linkage and association mappings of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in pedigrees of arbitrary size and complexity. solarius allows the user to exploit the variance component methods implemented in SOLAR. It automates such routine operations as formatting pedigree and phenotype data. It also parses the model output and contains summary and plotting functions for exploration of the results. In addition, solarius enables parallel computing of the linkage and association analyses, that makes the calculation of genome-wide scans more efficient.nnAvailability and implementationsolarius is available on CRAN https://cran.r-project.org/package=solarius and on GitHub https://github.com/ugcd/solarius. See http://solar.txbiomedgenetics.org/ for more information about SOLAR.nnContactaziyatdinov@santpau.cat
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andrey Ziyatdinov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helena Brunel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angel Martinez-Perez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfonso Buil</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre Perera</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jose Manuel Soria</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/035378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[solarius: an R interface to SOLAR for variance component analysis in pedigrees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human mismatch repair system corrects errors produced during lagging strand replication more effectively 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mismatch repair (MMR) is one of the main systems maintaining fidelity of replication. Different effectiveness in correction of errors produced during replication of the leading and the lagging DNA strands was reported in yeast, but this effect is poorly studied in humans. Here, we use MMR-deficient (MSI) and MMR-proficient (MSS) cancer samples to investigate properties of the human MMR. MSI, but not MSS, cancers demonstrate unequal mutation rates between the leading and the lagging strands. The direction of strand asymmetry in MSI cancers matches that observed in cancers with mutated exonuclease domain of polymerase {delta}, indicating that polymerase {delta} contributes more mutations than its leading-strand counterpart, polymerase {varepsilon}. As polymerase {delta} primarily synthesizes DNA during the lagging strand replication, this implies that mutations produced in wild type cells during lagging strand replication are repaired by the MMR ~3 times more effectively, compared to those produced on the leading strand.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maria Andrianova</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgii A Bazykin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sergey Nikolaev</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vladimir Seplyarskiy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/045278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human mismatch repair system corrects errors produced during lagging strand replication more effectively]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mixing of Porpoise Ecotypes in South Western UK Waters Revealed by Genetic Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Contact zones between marine ecotypes are of interest for understanding how key pelagic predators may react to climate change. We analysed the fine scale genetic structure and morphological variation in harbour porpoises around the UK, at the proposed northern limit of a contact zone between southern and northern ecotypes in the Bay of Biscay. Using a sample of 591 stranded animals spanning a decade and microsatellite profiling at 9 loci, clustering and spatial analyses revealed that animals stranded around UK are composed of mixed genetic ancestries from two genetic pools. Porpoises from SW England displayed a distinct genetic ancestry, had larger body-sizes and inhabit an environment differentiated from other UK costal areas. Genetic ancestry blends from one group to the other along a SW-NE axis along the UK coastline, and showed a significant association with body size, consistent with morphological differences between the two ecotypes and their mixing around the SW coast. We also found significant isolation-by-distance among juveniles, suggesting that stranded juveniles display reduced intergenerational dispersal, while adults show larger variance. The fine scale structure of this admixture zone raises the question of how it will respond to future climate change and provides a reference point for further study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael C Fontaine</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver Thatcher</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolas Ray</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvain Piry</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Brownlow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas J. Davison</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Jepson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rob Deaville</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon J Goodman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/045807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mixing of Porpoise Ecotypes in South Western UK Waters Revealed by Genetic Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/051557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary dynamics of abundant stop codon readthrough in Anopheles and Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/051557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translational stop codon readthrough was virtually unknown in eukaryotic genomes until recent developments in comparative genomics and new experimental techniques revealed evidence of readthrough in hundreds of fly genes and several human, worm, and yeast genes. Here, we use the genomes of 21 species of Anopheles mosquitoes and improved comparative techniques to identify evolutionary signatures of conserved, functional readthrough of 353 stop codons in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, and 51 additional Drosophila melanogaster stop codons, with several cases of double and triple readthrough including readthrough of two adjacent stop codons, supporting our earlier prediction of abundant readthrough in pancrustacea genomes. Comparisons between Anopheles and Drosophila allow us to transcend the static picture provided by single-clade analysis to explore the evolutionary dynamics of abundant readthrough. We find that most differences between the readthrough repertoires of the two species are due to readthrough gain or loss in existing genes, rather than to birth of new genes or to gene death; that RNA structures are sometimes gained or lost while readthrough persists; and that readthrough is more likely to be lost at TAA and TAG stop codons. We also determine which characteristic properties of readthrough predate readthrough and which are clade-specific. We estimate that there are more than 600 functional readthrough stop codons in A. gambiae and 900 in D. melanogaster. We find evidence that readthrough is used to regulate peroxisomal targeting in two genes. Finally, we use the sequenced centipede genome to refine the phylogenetic extent of abundant readthrough.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Irwin Jungreis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clara S Chan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert M Waterhouse</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel Fields</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael F Lin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manolis Kellis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/051557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary dynamics of abundant stop codon readthrough in Anopheles and Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/052548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of population structure and migration when investigating genetic continuity using ancient DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/052548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in sequencing techniques provide means to access direct genetic snapshots from the past with ancient DNA data (aDNA) from diverse periods of human prehistory. Comparing samples taken in the same region but at different time periods may indicate if there is continuity in the peopling history of that area or if a large genetic input, such as an immigration wave, has occurred. Here we propose a new modeling approach for investigating population continuity using aDNA, including two fundamental elements in human evolution that were absent from previous methods: population structure and migration. The method also considers the extensive temporal and geographic heterogeneity commonly found in aDNA datasets. We compare our spatially-explicit approach to the previous non-spatial method and show that it is more conservative and thus suitable for testing population continuity, especially when small, isolated populations, such as prehistoric ones, are considered. Moreover, our approach also allows investigating partial population continuity and we apply it to a real dataset of ancient mitochondrial DNA. We estimate that 91% of the current genetic pool in central Europe entered the area with immigrant Neolithic farmers, but a genetic contribution of local hunter-gatherers as large as 83% cannot be entirely ruled out.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nuno M Silva</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susanne Kreutzer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christina Papageorgopoulou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias Currat</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/052548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of population structure and migration when investigating genetic continuity using ancient DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying the degree of sharing of genetic and non-genetic causes of gene expression variability across four tissues. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression can provide biological mechanisms which underlie genetic associations with complex traits and diseases, but often the most relevant tissue for the trait is inaccessible and a proxy is the only alternative. Here, we investigate shared and tissue specific patterns of variability in expression in multiple tissues, to quantify the degree of sharing of causes (genetic or non-genetic) of variability in gene expression among tissues. Using gene expression in ~800 female twins from the TwinsUK cohort in skin, fat, whole blood and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), we identified 9166 significant cis-eQTLs in fat, 9551 in LCLs, 8731 in skin and 5313 in blood (1% FDR). We observed up to 80% of cis-eQTLs are shared in pairs of tissues. In addition, the cis genetic correlation between tissues is > 90% for 35% of the genes, indicating for these genes a largely tissue-shared component of cis regulation. However, variance components show that cis genetic signals explain only a small fraction of the variation in expression, with from 67-87% of the variance explained by environmental factors, and 53% of the genetic effects occurring in trans. We observe a trans genetic correlation of 0 for all genes except a few which show correlation between fat and skin expression. The environmental effects are also observed to be entirely tissue specific, despite related tissues largely sharing exposures. These results demonstrate that patterns of gene expression are largely tissue specific, strongly supporting the need to study higher order regulatory interactions in the appropriate tissue context with large samples sizes and diversity of environmental contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alfonso Buil</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ana Viñuela</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew Davies</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ismael Padioleau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deborah Bielser</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luciana Romano</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Glass</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paola Di Meglio</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerrin Small</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy Spector</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouil T Dermitzakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/053355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying the degree of sharing of genetic and non-genetic causes of gene expression variability across four tissues.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/057794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA sequence properties that predict susceptibility to epiallelic switching 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/057794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transgenerationally heritable epialleles are defined by the stable propagation of alternative transcriptional states through mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. Given that the propagation of DNA methylation at CpG sites, mediated in Arabidopsis by MET1, plays a central role in epigenetic inheritance, we examined genome-wide DNA methylation in partial and complete loss-of-function met1 mutants. We interpreted the data in relation to transgenerational epiallelic stability and provide evidence that DNA sequence features such as density of CpGs and genomic repetitiveness can be used to predict susceptibility to epiallelic switching. The importance of these rules was confirmed by analyses of common epialleles in natural Arabidopsis accessions and verified in rice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marco Catoni</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayne Griffiths</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claude Becker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolae Radu Zabet</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlos Bayon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melanie Dapp</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michal Lieberman-Lazarovich</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detlef Weigel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerzy Paszkowski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/057794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA sequence properties that predict susceptibility to epiallelic switching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/063883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-dependent changes in mean and variance of gene expression across tissues in a twin cohort 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/063883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression changes with age have consequences for healthy aging and disease development. Here we investigate age-related changes in gene expression measured by RNA-seq in four tissues and the interplay between genotypes and age-related changes in expression. Using concurrently measured methylation array data from fat we also investigate the relationship between methylation, gene expression and age. We identified age-dependent changes in mean levels of gene expression in 5,631 genes and in splicing of 904 genes. Age related changes were widely shared across tissues, with up to 60% of age-related changes in expression and 47% on splicing in multi-exonic genes shared; amongst these we highlight effects on genes involved in diseases such as Alzheimer and cancer. We identified 137 genes with age-related changes in variance and 42 genes with age-dependent discordance between genetically identical individuals; implying the latter are driven by environmental effects. We also give four examples where genetic control of expression is affected by the aging process. Analysis of methylation observed a widespread and stronger effect of age on methylation than expression; however we did not find a strong relationship between age-related changes in both expression and methylation. In summary, we quantified aging affects in splicing, level and variance of gene expression, and show that these processes can be both environmentally and genetically influenced.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ana Vinuela</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Anand Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfonso Buil</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei-Chien Tsai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew N Davies</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordana Tzenova Bell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouil Dermitzakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy Spector</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerrin Small</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/063883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-dependent changes in mean and variance of gene expression across tissues in a twin cohort]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/066704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohort Specific Effects of Cereal-bar Supplementation in Overweight Patients With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/066704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The importance of gut microbes to metabolic health is becoming more evident and nutrition-based therapies to alter the composition of bacterial communities to manage metabolic disease are an attractive avenue to ameliorate some effects of Western diets. While the composition of gut microbial communities can vary significantly across disease states, it is not well known if these communities have common responses to nutritional interventions. To better understand diet-bacterial community interactions, we collected biological parameters and fecal samples of overweight non-iabetic (OND) and diabetic (OD) individuals before and after daily supplementation of 2.8 g {beta}-lucan on their habitual diet for 30 days. Fecal bacterial communities in an age-atched cohort were measured by sequencing partial 16S rRNA genes and imputed metagenomic content. Unexpectedly, we observed disconnected responses of biological measurements and the bacterial community. Based on average effect size, biological measurements were greater in the OND group while effects on the bacterial community were greatest on the OD cohort, and we suspect these observations are due to the significantly lower alpha diversity in the OD cohort. Our data indicate that responses to cereal-bar supplementation are cohort specific and this should be considered when manipulating the microbiome via diet supplementation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chris Lauber</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chieh Jason Chou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anirikh Chakrabarti</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jay Siddharth</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anne Chalut-Carpentier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoltan Pataky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alain Golay</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott Parkinson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/066704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohort Specific Effects of Cereal-bar Supplementation in Overweight Patients With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/068635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A complete tool set for molecular QTL discovery and analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/068635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Population scale studies combining genetic information with molecular phenotypes (e.g. gene expression) become a standard to dissect the effects of genetic variants onto organismal. This kind of datasets requires powerful, fast and versatile methods able to discover molecular Quantitative Trait Loci (molQTL). Here we propose such a solution, QTLtools, a modular framework that contains multiple methods to prepare the data, to discover proximal and distal molQTLs and to finally integrate them with GWAS variants and functional annotations of the genome. We demonstrate its utility by performing a complete expression QTL study in a few and easy-to-perform steps. QTLtools is open source and available at https://gtltools.github.io/gtltools/
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olivier Delaneau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halit Ongen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Anand Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre Fort</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaos Panousis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouil Dermitzakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/068635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A complete tool set for molecular QTL discovery and analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/069039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physical model of the sequence-to-function map of proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/069039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How DNA is mapped to functional proteins is a basic question of living matter. We introduce and study a physical model of protein evolution which suggests a mechanical basis for this map. Many proteins rely on large-scale motion to function. We therefore treat protein as learning amorphous matter that evolves towards such a mechanical function: Genes are binary sequences that encode the connectivity of the amino acid network that makes a protein. The gene is evolved until the network forms a shear band across the protein, which allows for long-range, soft modes required for protein function. The evolution reduces the high-dimensional sequence space to a low-dimensional space of mechanical modes, in accord with the observed dimensional reduction between genotype and phenotype of proteins. Spectral analysis of the space of 106 solutions shows a strong correspondence between localization around the shear band of both mechanical modes and the sequence structure. Specifically, our model shows how mutations are correlated among amino acids whose interactions determine the functional mode.nnPACS numbers: 87.14.E-, 87.15.-v, 87.10.-e
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsvi Tlusty</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert Libchaber</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Pierre Eckmann</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/069039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physical model of the sequence-to-function map of proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence that low socioeconomic position accentuates genetic susceptibility to obesity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Susceptibility to obesity in todays environment has a strong genetic component. Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with a higher risk of obesity but it is not known if it accentuates genetic susceptibility to obesity. We aimed to use up to 120,000 individuals from the UK Biobank study to test the hypothesis that measures of socioeconomic position accentuate genetic susceptibility to obesity. We used the Townsend deprivation index (TDI) as the main measure of socioeconomic position, and a 69-variant genetic risk score (GRS) as a measure of genetic susceptibility to obesity. We also tested the hypothesis that interactions between BMI genetics and socioeconomic position would result in evidence of interaction with individual measures of the obesogenic environment and behaviours that correlate strongly with socioeconomic position, even if they have no obesogenic role. These measures included self-reported TV watching, diet and physical activity, and an objective measure of activity derived from accelerometers. We performed several negative control tests, including a simulated environment correlated with BMI but not TDI, and sun protection use. We found evidence of gene-environment interactions with TDI (Pinteraction=3x10-10) such that, within the group of 50% living in the most relatively deprived situations, carrying 10 additional BMI-raising alleles was associated with approximately 3.8 kg extra weight in someone 1.73m tall. In contrast, within the group of 50% living in the least deprivation, carrying 10 additional BMI-raising alleles was associated with approximately 2.9 kg extra weight. We also observed evidence of interaction between sun protection use and BMI genetics, suggesting that residual confounding may result in evidence of non-causal interactions. Our findings provide evidence that relative social deprivation best captures aspects of the obesogenic environment that accentuate the genetic predisposition to obesity in the UK.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jess Tyrrell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew R Wood</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan M Ames</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanieh Yaghootkar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robin Beaumont</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel E Jones</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcus A Tuke</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katherine S Ruth</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachel M Freathy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George Davey-Smith</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephane Joost</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idris Guessous</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anna Murray</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David P Strachan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoltan Kutalik</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael N Weedon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy M Frayling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/074054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence that low socioeconomic position accentuates genetic susceptibility to obesity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074419v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distant regulatory effects of genetic variation in multiple human tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074419v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the genetics of gene regulation provides information on the cellular mechanisms through which genetic variation influences complex traits. Expression quantitative trait loci, or eQTLs, are enriched for polymorphisms that have been found to be associated with disease risk. While most analyses of human data has focused on regulation of expression by nearby variants (cis-eQTLs), distal or trans-eQTLs may have broader effects on the transcriptome and important phenotypic consequences, necessitating a comprehensive study of the effects of genetic variants on distal gene transcription levels. In this work, we identify trans-eQTLs in the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) project data1, consisting of 449 individuals with RNA-sequencing data across 44 tissue types. We find 81 genes with a trans-eQTL in at least one tissue, and we demonstrate that trans-eQTLs are more likely than cis-eQTLs to have effects specific to a single tissue. We evaluate the genomic and functional properties of trans-eQTL variants, identifying strong enrichment in enhancer elements and Piwi-interacting RNA clusters. Finally, we describe three tissue-specific regulatory loci underlying relevant disease associations: 9q22 in thyroid that has a role in thyroid cancer, 5q31 in skeletal muscle, and a previously reported master regulator near KLF14 in adipose. These analyses provide a comprehensive characterization of trans-eQTLs across human tissues, which contribute to an improved understanding of the tissue-specific cellular mechanisms of regulatory genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brian Jo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan He</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin J Strober</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Princy Parsana</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francois Aguet</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew A Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephane E Castel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric R Gamazon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariel Gewirtz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genna Gliner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buhm Han</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amy Z He</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eun Yong Kang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ian C McDowell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pejman Mohammadi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christine B Peterson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerald Quon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashis Saha</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayellet V Segre</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jae Hoon Sul</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy J Sullivan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kristin G Ardlie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher D Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donald F Conrad</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nancy J Cox</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouil T Dermitzakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eleazar Eskin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manolis Kellis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuuli Lappalainen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiara Sabatti</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GTEx Consortium</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbara E Engelhardt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexis Battle</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/074419</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distant regulatory effects of genetic variation in multiple human tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local genetic effects on gene expression across 44 human tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping provides a powerful means to identify functional variants influencing gene expression and disease pathogenesis. We report the identification of cis-eQTLs from 7,051 post-mortem samples representing 44 tissues and 449 individuals as part of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. We find a cis-eQTL for 88% of all annotated protein-coding genes, with one-third having multiple independent effects. We identify numerous tissue-specific cis-eQTLs, highlighting the unique functional impact of regulatory variation in diverse tissues. By integrating large-scale functional genomics data and state-of-the-art fine-mapping algorithms, we identify multiple features predictive of tissue-specific and shared regulatory effects. We improve estimates of cis-eQTL sharing and effect sizes using allele specific expression across tissues. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this large compendium of cis-eQTLs for understanding the tissue-specific etiology of complex traits, including coronary artery disease. The GTEx project provides an exceptional resource that has improved our understanding of gene regulation across tissues and the role of regulatory variation in human genetic diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Francois Aguet</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew A Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephane Castel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joe R Davis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pejman Mohammadi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayellet V Segre</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zachary Zappala</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathan S Abell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laure Fresard</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric R Gamazon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellen Gelfand</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machael J Gloudemans</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan He</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farhad Hormozdiari</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boxiang Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diego Garrido-Martin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halit Ongen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John J Palowitch</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>YoSon Park</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christine B Peterson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerald Quon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephan Ripke</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey A Shabalin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyler C Shimko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin J Strober</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy J Sullivan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicole A Teran</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emily K Tsang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hailei Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi-Hui Zhou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexis Battle</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlos D Bustamonte</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nancy J Cox</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbara E Engelhardt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eleazar Eskin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gad Getz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manolis Kellis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gen Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel G MacArt</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/074450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local genetic effects on gene expression across 44 human tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating the causal tissues for complex traits and diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interpretation of biological causes of the predisposing markers identified through Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) remains an open question1. One direct and powerful way to assess the genetic causality behind GWAS is through expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)2. Here we describe a novel approach to estimate the tissues giving rise to the genetic causality behind a wide variety of GWAS traits, using the cis-eQTLs identified in 44 tissues of the GTEx consortium3,4. We have adapted the Regulatory Trait Concordance (RTC) score5, to on the one hand measure the tissue sharing probabilities of eQTLs, and also to calculate the probability that a GWAS and an eQTL variant tag the same underlying functional effect. We show that our tissue sharing estimates significantly correlate with commonly used estimates of tissue sharing. By normalizing the GWAS-eQTL probabilities with the tissue sharing estimates of the eQTLs, we can estimate the tissues from which GWAS genetic causality arises. Our approach not only indicates the gene mediating individual GWAS signals, but also can highlight tissues where the genetic causality for an individual trait is manifested.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Halit Ongen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew A Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivier Delaneau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaos Panousis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandra C Nica</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GTEx Consortium</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouil T Dermitzakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/074682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating the causal tissues for complex traits and diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/075804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ROLE OF TOLERANCE TO RESOURCE DEMAND -- SUPPLY MISMATCH IN A MODEL OF ANNUAL PLANTS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/075804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We propose and discuss a simulation model of annual plants competing for a single resource. Plants are characterised by their tolerance to a shortage of it and the maximum number of seeds a plant could produce in a year. Interaction among plants is reduced to blocking a part of the resource by the plants nearest neighbours. Spatial and temporal external conditions remain unchanged. We consider two systems - plants of one type (target plants) and a mixture of two types, when the second type differs from the target ones only by the tolerance to a shortage or surplus of the resource. We show how the life cycle of a plant depends on its tolerance, supply of the resource and how it is affected by the presence of the second type of annuals. We demonstrate that coexistence of the two species is possible, and we determine the conditions for it.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michel Droz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrzej Pekalski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/075804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ROLE OF TOLERANCE TO RESOURCE DEMAND -- SUPPLY MISMATCH IN A MODEL OF ANNUAL PLANTS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/075812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
COMPARISON OF TWO DESCRIPTIONS OF HETEROGENEITY USED IN MODELLING PLANTS DYNAMICS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/075812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We analyse the role played by two different approaches of spatial heterogeneity in theoretical models of annual plants dynamics. The first approach is called quasi-continuous gradient in which one type of resource is changing gradually along the gradient line. In the second one, called the patches approach, part of the habitat is covered by patches and the resource has a different value in each patch. We show that when the spatial heterogeneity of the habitat is small, the two approaches yield the same average number of surviving species, even if a small number of patches is used. In a strong heterogeneity it takes many patches to get similar results as in the gradient case. The difference between the gradient and patchy description of the spatial heterogeneity increases with the number of species present in the system. We have also shown that even when the average number of surviving species is the same, the abundances of species are ordered in a different way, like different species are the dominant ones. The conclusion of this paper is that modelling spatial heterogeneity in a system of plants is not a simple task. Special care is needed when the heterogeneity of the habitat is large, since then depending of the choice of a method, some predictions may differ significantly, making the model non-robust. Therefore the type of theoretical approach must closely match the modelled ecosystem.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michel Droz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrzej Pękalski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/075812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[COMPARISON OF TWO DESCRIPTIONS OF HETEROGENEITY USED IN MODELLING PLANTS DYNAMICS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/076026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping eQTLs With RNA-Seq Reveals Novel SLE Susceptibility Genes, Non-Coding RNAs, and Alternative-Splicing Events That Are Concealed Using Microarrays 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/076026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies attempting to functionally interpret complex-disease susceptibility loci by GWAS and eQTL integration have predominantly employed microarrays to quantify gene-expression. RNA-Seq has the potential to discover a more comprehensive set of eQTLs and illuminate the underlying molecular consequence. We examine the functional outcome of 39 variants associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) through integration of GWAS and eQTL data from the TwinsUK microarray and RNA-Seq cohort in lymphoblastoid cell lines. We use conditional analysis and a Bayesian colocalisation method to provide evidence of a shared causal-variant, then compare the ability of each quantification type to detect disease relevant eQTLs and eGenes. We discovered a greater frequency of candidate-causal eQTLs using RNA-Seq, and identified novel SLE susceptibility genes that were concealed using microarrays (e.g. NADSYN1, SKP1, and TCF7). Many of these eQTLs were found to influence the expression of several genes, suggesting risk haplotypes may harbour multiple functional effects. We pinpointed eQTLs modulating expression of four non-coding RNAs; three of which were replicated in whole-blood. Novel SLE associated splicing events were identified in the T-reg restricted transcription factor, IKZF2, the autophagy-related gene WDFY4, and the redox coenzyme NADSYN1, through asQTL mapping using the Geuvadis cohort. We have significantly increased our understanding of the genetic control of gene-expression in SLE by maximising the leverage of RNA-Seq and performing integrative GWAS-eQTL analysis against gene, exon, and splice-junction quantifications. In doing so, we have identified novel SLE candidate genes and specific molecular mechanisms that will serve as the basis for targeted follow-up studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christopher A Odhams</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrea Cortini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingyan Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amy L Roberts</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ana Vinuela</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfonso Buil</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerrin S Small</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouil T Dermitzakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David L Morris</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy J Vyse</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deborah S Cunninghame-Graham</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/076026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping eQTLs With RNA-Seq Reveals Novel SLE Susceptibility Genes, Non-Coding RNAs, and Alternative-Splicing Events That Are Concealed Using Microarrays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulatory logic of the diurnal cycle in the mouse liver 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many organisms exhibit temporal rhythms in gene expression that propel diurnal cycles in physiology. In the liver of mammals, these rhythms are controlled by transcription-translation feedback loops of the core circadian clock and by feeding-fasting cycles. To better understand the regulatory interplay between the circadian clock and feeding rhythms, we mapped DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) in mouse liver during a diurnal cycle. The intensity of DNase I cleavages cycled at a substantial fraction of all DHSs, suggesting that DHSs harbor regulatory elements that control rhythmic transcription. Using ChIP-seq, we found that hypersensitivity cycled in phase with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) loading and H3K27ac histone marks. We then combined the DHSs with temporal Pol II profiles in wild-type (WT) and Bmal1-/- livers to computationally identify transcription factors through which the core clock and feeding-fasting cycles control diurnal rhythms in transcription. While a similar number of mRNAs accumulated rhythmically in Bmal1-/- compared to WT livers, the amplitudes in Bmal1-/- were generally lower. The residual rhythms in Bmal1-/- reflected transcriptional regulators mediating feeding-fasting responses as well as responses to rhythmic systemic signals. Finally, the analysis of DNase I cuts at nucleotide resolution showed dynamically changing footprint consistent with dynamic binding of CLOCK:BMAL1 complexes. Structural modeling suggested that these footprints are driven by a transient hetero-tetramer binding configuration at peak activity. Together, our temporal DNase I mappings allowed us to decipher the global regulation of diurnal transcription rhythms in mouse liver.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jonathan Aryeh Sobel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irina Krier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teemu Andersin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunil Raghav</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donatella Canella</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Federica Gilardi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandra Styliani Kalantzi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillaume Rey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin Weger</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frederic Gachon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matteo Dal Peraro</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nouria Hernandez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ueli Schibler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bart Deplancke</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix Naef</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CycliX consortium</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/077818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional regulatory logic of the diurnal cycle in the mouse liver]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/078717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying the regulatory effect size of cis-acting genetic variation using allelic fold change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/078717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mapping cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) has become a popular approach for characterizing proximal genetic regulatory variants. However, measures used for quantifying the effect size of cis-eQTLs have been inconsistent and poorly defined. In this paper, we describe log allelic fold change (aFC) as a biologically interpretable and mathematically convenient unit that represents the magnitude of expression change associated with a given genetic variant. This measure is mathematically independent from expression level and allele frequency, applicable to multi-allelic variants, and generalizable to multiple independent variants. We provide tools and guidelines for estimating aFC from eQTL and allelic expression data sets, and apply it to GTEx data. We show that aFC estimates independently derived from eQTL and allelic expression data are highly consistent, and identify technical and biological correlates of eQTL effect size. We generalize aFC to analyze genes with two eQTLs in GTEx, and show that in nearly all cases these eQTLs are independent in their regulatory activity. In summary, aFC is a solid measure of cis-regulatory effect size that allows quantitative interpretation of cellular regulatory events from population data, and it is a valuable approach for investigating novel aspects of eQTL data sets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pejman Mohammadi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephane E Castel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew A Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuuli Lappalainen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/078717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying the regulatory effect size of cis-acting genetic variation using allelic fold change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/081620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid evolution of female-biased genes among four species of Anopheles malaria mosquitoes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/081620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how phenotypic differences between males and females arise from the sex-biased expression of nearly identical genomes can often reveal important insights into the biology and evolution of a species. Among Anopheles mosquito species, these phenotypic differences include vectorial capacity, as it is only females that blood feed and thus transmit human malaria. Here, we use RNA-seq data from multiple tissues of four vectors spanning the Anopheles phylogeny to explore the genomic and evolutionary properties of sex-biased genes. We find that in these mosquitoes, in contrast to what has been found in many other organisms, female-biased genes are more rapidly evolving in sequence, expression, and genic turnover, than male-biased genes. Our results suggests that this atypical pattern may be due to the combination of sex-specific life history challenges encountered by females, such as blood feeding. Furthermore, female propensity to only mate once in nature in male swarms likely diminishes sexual selection of post-reproductive traits related to sperm competition among males. We also develop a comparative framework to systematically explore tissue- and sex-specific splicing, to document its conservation throughout the genus and identify a set of candidate genes for future functional analyses of sex-specific isoform usage. Finally, our data reveals that the deficit of male-biased genes on the X chromosomes in Anopheles is a conserved feature in this genus and can be directly attributed to chromosome-wide transcriptional regulation that demasculinizes the X in male reproductive tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Papa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Windbichler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterhouse, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cagnetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Amato, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presampieri, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawniczak, M. K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papathanos, P. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/081620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid evolution of female-biased genes among four species of Anopheles malaria mosquitoes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/088872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting causal variants affecting expression using whole genome sequence and RNA-seq from multiple human tissues. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/088872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic association mapping produces statistical links between phenotypes and genomic regions, but identifying the causal variants themselves remains difficult. Complete knowledge of all genetic variants, as provided by whole genome sequence (WGS), will help, but is currently financially prohibitive for well powered GWAS studies. To explore the advantages of WGS in a well powered setting, we performed eQTL mapping using WGS and RNA-seq, and showed that the lead eQTL variants called using WGS are more likely to be causal. We derived properties of the causal variant from simulation studies, and used these to propose a method for implicating likely causal SNPs. This method predicts that 25% - 70% of the causal variants lie in open chromatin regions, depending on tissue and experiment. Finally, we identify a set of high confidence causal variants and show that they are more enriched in GWAS associations than other eQTL. Of these, we find 65 associations with GWAS traits and show examples where the gene implicated by expression has been functionally validated as relevant for complex traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinuela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Small, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/088872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting causal variants affecting expression using whole genome sequence and RNA-seq from multiple human tissues.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/091496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel DNA-binding Protein Coordinates Asymmetric Chromosome Replication and Chromosome Partitioning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/091496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial chromosome replication is regulated from a single replication origin (ori) that receives cell cycle signals. Following replication, bacteria often use the parABS partition system with a centromere-like parS locus to place the chromosomes into the daughter cells. Our knowledge of cell cycle regulation is incomplete and we searched for novel regulators of chromosome replication. Here we show that in the cell cycle model Caulobacter crescentus a novel DNA-binding protein promotes both the initiation of chromosome replication and the earliest step of chromosome partitioning. We used biochemical fractionation to identify a protein (OpaA) that preferentially binds to mutated ori DNA that also increases ori-plasmid replication in vivo. OpaA represents a previously unknown class of DNA-binding proteins. opaA gene expression is essential and sufficient OpaA levels are required for the correct timing of chromosome replication. Whole genome ChIP-seq identified the genomic binding sites for OpaA, with the strongest associations at the parABS locus near ori. Using molecular-genetic and fluorescence microscopy experiments, we showed that OpaA also promotes the first step of chromosome partitioning, the initial separation of the duplicated parS loci following ori replication. This separation occurs before the parABS mechanism and it coincides with the regulatory step that splits the symmetry of the chromosomes so that they are placed at distinct cell-poles which develop into replicating and non-replicating cell-types. We propose that OpaA coordinates replication with the poorly understood mechanism of early chromosome separation. opaA lethal suppressor and antibiotic experiments argue that future studies be focused on the mechanistic roles for transcription and translation at this critical step of the cell cycle.nnAuthor SummaryLike all organisms, bacteria must replicate their chromosomes and move them into the newly dividing cells. Eukaryotes use non-overlapping phases, first for chromosome replication (S-phase) followed by mitosis (M-phase) when the completely duplicated chromosomes are separated. However, bacteria combine both phases so chromosome replication and chromosome separation (termed chromosome "partitioning") overlap. In many bacteria, including Caulobacter crescentus, chromosome replication initiates from a single replication origin (ori) and the first duplicated regions of the chromosome immediately begin "partitioning" towards the cell poles long before the whole chromosome has finished replication. This partitioning movement uses the centromere-like DNA called "parS" that is located near the ori. Here we identify a completely novel type of DNA-binding protein called OpaA and we show that it acts at both ori and parS. The timing and coordination of overlapping chromosome replication and partitioning phases is a special regulatory problem for bacteria. We further demonstrate that OpaA is selectively required for the initiation of chromosome replication at ori and likewise that OpaA is selectively required for the initial partitioning of parS. Therefore, we propose that OpaA is a novel regulator that coordinates chromosome replication with the poorly understood mechanism of early chromosome separation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marczynski, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/091496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel DNA-binding Protein Coordinates Asymmetric Chromosome Replication and Chromosome Partitioning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/091785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell Cycle Constraints and Environmental Control of Local DNA Hypomethylation in Alpha-Proteobacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/091785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heritable DNA methylation imprints are ubiquitous and underlie genetic variability from bacteria to humans. In microbial genomes, DNA methylation has been implicated in gene transcription, DNA replication and repair, nucleoid segregation, transposition and virulence of pathogenic strains. Despite the importance of local (hypo)methylation at specific loci, how and when these patterns are established during the cell cycle remains poorly characterized. Taking advantage of the small genomes and the synchronizability of -proteobacteria, we discovered that conserved determinants of the cell cycle transcriptional circuitry establish specific hypomethylation patterns in the cell cycle model system Caulobacter crescentus. We used genome-wide methyl-N6-adenine (m6A-) analyses by restriction-enzyme-cleavage sequencing (REC-Seq) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to show that MucR, a transcriptional regulator that represses virulence and cell cycle genes in S-phase but no longer in G1-phase, occludes 5-GANTC-3 sequence motifs that are methylated by he DNA adenine methyltransferase CcrM. Constitutive expression of CcrM or heterologous methylases in at least two different -proteobacteria homogenizes m6A patterns even when MucR is present and affects promoter activity. Environmental stress (phosphate limitation) can override and reconfigure local hypomethylation patterns imposed by the cell cycle circuitry that dictate when and where local hypomethylation is instated.nnAuthor SummaryDNA methylation is the post-replicative addition of a methyl group to a base by a methyltransferase that recognise a specific sequence, and represents an epigenetic regulatory mechanism in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In microbial genomes, DNA methylation has been implicated in gene transcription, DNA replication and repair, nucleoid segregation, transposition and virulence of pathogenic strains. CcrM is a conserved, cell cycle regulated adenine methyltransferase that methylates GANTC sites in -proteobacteria. N6-methyl-adenine (m6A) patterns generated by CcrM can change the affinity of a given DNA-binding protein for its target sequence, and therefore affect gene expression. Here, we combine restriction enzyme cleavage-deep sequencing (REC-Seq) with SMRT sequencing to identify hypomethylated 5-GANTC-3 (GANTCs) in -proteobacterial genomes instated by conserved cell cycle factors. By comparing SMRT and REC-Seq data with chromatin immunoprecipitation-deep sequencing data (ChIP-Seq) we show that a conserved transcriptional regulator, MucR, induces local hypomethylation patterns by occluding GANTCs to the CcrM methylase and we provide evidence that this competition occurs during S-phase, but not in G1-phase cells. Furthermore, we find that environmental signals (such as phosphate depletion) are superimposed to the cell cycle control mechanism and can override the specific hypomethylation pattern imposed by the cell cycle transcriptional circuitry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ardissone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frandi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fumeaux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patrignani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlapbach, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falquet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/091785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell Cycle Constraints and Environmental Control of Local DNA Hypomethylation in Alpha-Proteobacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/093799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response: a polygenic approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/093799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has a high personal and socio-economic burden and more than 60% of patients fail to achieve remission with the first antidepressant. The biological mechanisms behind antidepressant response are only partially known but genetic factors play a relevant role. A combined predictor across genetic variants may be useful to investigate this complex trait.

MethodsPolygenic risk scores (PRS) were used to estimate multi-allelic contribution to: 1) antidepressant efficacy; 2) its overlap with MDD and schizophrenia. We constructed PRS and tested whether these predicted symptom improvement or remission from the GENDEP study (n=736) to the STAR*D study (n=1409) and vice-versa, including the whole sample or only patients treated with escitalopram or citalopram. Using summary statistics from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium for MDD and schizophrenia, we tested whether PRS from these disorders predicted symptom improvement in GENDEP, STAR*D, and five further studies (n=3756).

ResultsNo significant prediction of antidepressant efficacy was obtained from PRS in GENDEP/STAR*D but this analysis might have been underpowered. There was no evidence of overlap in the genetics of antidepressant response with either MDD or schizophrenia, either in individual studies or a meta-analysis. Stratifying by antidepressant did not alter the results.

DiscussionWe identified no significant predictive effect using PRS between pharmacogenetic studies. The genetic liability to MDD or schizophrenia did not predict response to antidepressants, suggesting differences between the genetic component of depression and treatment response. Larger or more homogeneous studies will be necessary to obtain a polygenic predictor of antidepressant response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>García-González, J</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tansey, K</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, J</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henigsberg, N</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, W</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mors, O</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Placentino, A</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rietschel, M</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souery, D</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Žagar, T</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czerski, P</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerman, B</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buttenschøn, H</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze, T</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zobel, A</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farmer, A</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aitchison, K</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, I</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuffin, P</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giupponi, M</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perroud, N</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondolfi, G</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, D</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, M</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, T</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendland, J</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, G</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapur, S</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlis, R</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arolt, V</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domschke, K</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, G</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sang-Hyuk, L</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kan, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newhouse, S</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baune, B</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uher, R</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabbri, C</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/093799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response: a polygenic approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/096230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human pancreatic β cell lncRNAs control cell-specific regulatory networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/096230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies have uncovered thousands of long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) in human pancreatic {beta} cells. {beta} cell lncRNAs are often cell type-specific, and exhibit dynamic regulation during differentiation or upon changing glucose concentrations. Although these features hint at a role of lncRNAs in {beta} cell gene regulation and diabetes, the function of {beta} cell lncRNAs remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of {beta} cell-specific lncRNAs and transcription factors using transcript knockdowns and co-expression network analysis. This revealed lncRNAs that function in concert with transcription factors to regulate {beta} cell-specific transcriptional networks. We further demonstrate that lncRNA PLUTO affects local three-dimensional chromatin structure and transcription of PDX1, encoding a key {beta} cell transcription factor, and that both PLUTO and PDX1 are downregulated in islets from donors with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. These results implicate lncRNAs in the regulation of {beta} cell-specific transcription factor networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akerman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beucher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolando, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauty-Colace, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benazra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquali, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Hurtado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Franco, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piemonti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berney, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groop, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr-Conte, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schadt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravassard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/096230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human pancreatic β cell lncRNAs control cell-specific regulatory networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/108019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring decoding strategies for multiple correlated neural populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/108019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies of neuron-behaviour correlation and causal manipulation have long been used separately to understand the neural basis of perception. Yet these approaches sometimes lead to drastically conflicting conclusions about the functional role of brain areas. Theories that focus only on choice-related neuronal activity cannot reconcile those findings without additional experiments involving large-scale recordings to measure interneuronal correlations. By expanding current theories of neural coding and incorporating results from inactivation experiments, we demonstrate here that it is possible to infer decoding weights of different brain areas without precise knowledge of the correlation structure. We apply this technique to neural data collected from two different cortical areas in macaque monkeys trained to perform a heading discrimination task. We identify two opposing decoding schemes, each consistent with data depending on the nature of correlated noise. Our theory makes specific testable predictions to distinguish these scenarios experimentally without requiring measurement of the underlying noise correlations.nnAuthor SummaryThe neocortex is structurally organized into distinct brain areas. The role of specific brain areas in sensory perception is typically studied using two kinds of laboratory experiments: those that measure correlations between neural activity and reported percepts, and those that inactivate a brain region and measure the resulting changes in percepts. The two types of experiments have generally been interpreted in isolation, in part because no theory has been able combine their outcomes. Here, we describe a mathematical framework that synthesizes both kinds of results, giving us a new way to assess how different brain areas contribute to perception. When we apply our framework to experiments on behaving monkeys, we discover two models that can explain the perplexing finding that one brain area can predict an animals percepts, even though the percepts are not affected when that brain area is inactivated. The two models ascribe dramatically different efficiencies to brain computation. We show that these two models can be distinguished by an experiment that measures correlations while inactivating different brain areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lakshminarasimhan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeAngelis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitkow, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/108019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring decoding strategies for multiple correlated neural populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/109827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New insights on the pharmacogenomics of antidepressant response from the GENDEP and STAR*D studies: rare variant analysis and high-density imputation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/109827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies have generally failed to identify polymorphisms associated with antidepressant response. Possible reasons include limited coverage of genetic variants that this study tried to address by exome genotyping and dense imputation.nnA meta-analysis of Genome-Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) and Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) studies was performed at SNP, gene and pathway level. Coverage of genetic variants was increased compared to previous studies by adding exome genotypes to previously available genome-wide data and using the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel for imputation. Standard quality control was applied. Phenotypes were symptom improvement and remission after 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment. NEWMEDS consortium samples and Pharmacogenomic Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study (PGRN-AMPS) served for replication.nn7,062,950 SNPs were analysed in GENDEP (n=738) and STAR*D (n=1409). rs116692768 (p=1.80e-08, ITGA9 (integrin alpha 9)) and rs76191705 (p=2.59e-08, NRXN3 (neurexin 3)) were significantly associated with symptom improvement during citalopram/escitalopram treatment. At gene level, no consistent effect was found. At pathway level, the Gene Ontology terms GO:0005694 (chromosome) and GO:0044427 (chromosomal part) were associated with improvement (corrected p=0.007 and 0.045, respectively). The association between rs116692768 and symptom improvement was replicated in PGRN-AMPS (p=0.047), while rs76191705 was not. The two SNPs did not replicate in NEWMEDS.nnITGA9 codes for a membrane receptor for neurotrophins and NRXN3 is a transmembrane neuronal adhesion receptor involved in synaptic differentiation. Despite their meaningful biological rationale for being involved in antidepressant effect, no convincing replication was achieved. Further studies may help in clarifying their role.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fabbri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tansey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henigsberg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mors, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Placentino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rietschel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souery, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sang-Hyuk, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newhouse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guipponi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perroud, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondolfi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biernacka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinshilboum, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farmer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aitchison, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuffin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/109827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New insights on the pharmacogenomics of antidepressant response from the GENDEP and STAR*D studies: rare variant analysis and high-density imputation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MRIQC: Predicting Quality in Manual MRI Assessment Protocols Using No-Reference Image Quality Measures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quality control of MRI is essential for excluding problematic acquisitions and avoiding bias in subsequent image processing and analysis. Visual inspection is subjective and impractical for large scale datasets. Although automated quality assessments have been demonstrated on single-site datasets, it is unclear that solutions can generalize to unseen data acquired at new sites. Here, we introduce the MRI Quality Control tool (MRIQC), a tool for extracting quality measures and fitting a binary (accept/exclude) classifier. Our tool can be run both locally and as a free online service via the OpenNeuro.org portal. The classifier is trained on a publicly available, multi-site dataset (17 sites, N=1102). We perform model selection evaluating different normalization and feature exclusion approaches aimed at maximizing across-site generalization and estimate an accuracy of 76%{+/-}13% on new sites, using leave-one-site-out cross-validation. We confirm that result on a held-out dataset (2 sites, N=265) also obtaining a 76% accuracy. Even though the performance of the trained classifier is statistically above chance, we show that it is susceptible to site effects and unable to account for artifacts specific to new sites. MRIQC performs with high accuracy in intra-site prediction, but performance on unseen sites leaves space for improvement which might require more labeled data and new approaches to the between-site variability. Overcoming these limitations is crucial for a more objective quality assessment of neuroimaging data, and to enable the analysis of extremely large and multi-site samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Esteban, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koyejo, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poldrack, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorgolewski, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/111294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MRIQC: Predicting Quality in Manual MRI Assessment Protocols Using No-Reference Image Quality Measures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/115030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
First landscape of binding to chromosomes for a domesticated mariner transposase in the human genome: diversity of genomic targets of SETMAR isoforms in two colorectal cell lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/115030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Setmar is a 3-exons gene coding a SET domain fused to a Hsmar1 transposase. Its different transcripts theoretically encode 8 isoforms with SET moieties differently spliced. In vitro, the largest isoform binds specifically to Hsmar1 DNA ends and with no specificity to DNA when it is associated with hPso4. In colon cell lines, we found they bind specifically to two chromosomal targets depending probably on the isoform, Hsmar1 ends and sites with no conserved motifs. We also discovered that the isoforms profile was different between cell lines and patient tissues, suggesting the isoforms encoded by this gene in healthy cells and their functions are currently not investigated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Antoine-Lorquin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnoaty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asgari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batailler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beauclair, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bire, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buisine, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coustham, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girault, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guyetant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecomte, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piegu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevant, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belleannee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigot, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/115030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[First landscape of binding to chromosomes for a domesticated mariner transposase in the human genome: diversity of genomic targets of SETMAR isoforms in two colorectal cell lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/116152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LARGE-SCALE GENOMIC REORGANIZATIONS OF TOPOLOGICAL DOMAINS (TADs) AT THE HoxD LOCUS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/116152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe transcriptional activation of Hoxd genes during mammalian limb development involves dynamic interactions with the two Topologically Associating Domains (TADs) flanking the HoxD cluster. In particular, the activation of the most posterior Hoxd genes in developing digits is controlled by regulatory elements located in the centromeric TAD (C-DOM) through long-range contacts. To assess the structure-function relationships underlying such interactions, we measured compaction levels and TAD discreteness using a combination of chromosome conformation capture (4C-seq) and DNA FISH.nnResultsWe challenged the robustness of the TAD architecture by using a series of genomic deletions and inversions that impact the integrity of this chromatin domain and that remodel the long-range contacts. We report multi-partite associations between Hoxd genes and up to three enhancers and show that breaking the native chromatin topology leads to the remodelling of TAD structure.nnConclusionsOur results reveal that the re-composition of TADs architectures after severe genomic re-arrangements depends on a boundary-selection mechanism that uses CTCF-mediated gating of long-range contacts in combination with genomic distance and, to a certain extent, sequence specificity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fabre, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leleu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mormann, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noordermeer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/116152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LARGE-SCALE GENOMIC REORGANIZATIONS OF TOPOLOGICAL DOMAINS (TADs) AT THE HoxD LOCUS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/117416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Periaqueductal Efferents To Dopamine And GABA Neurons Of The VTA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/117416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) modulate threat responses and nociception. Activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on the other hand can cause reinforcement and aversion. While in many situations these behaviors are related, the anatomical substrate of a crosstalk between the PAG and VTA remains poorly understood. Here we describe the anatomical and electrophysiological organization of the VTA-projecting PAG neurons. Using rabies-based, cell type-specific retrograde tracing, we observed that PAG to VTA projection neurons are evenly distributed along the rostro-caudal axis of the PAG, but concentrated in its posterior and ventrolateral segments. Optogenetic projection targeting demonstrated that the PAG-to-VTA pathway is predominantly excitatory and targets similar proportions of Ih-expressing VTA DA and GABA neurons. Taken together, these results set the framework for functional analysis of the interplay between PAG and VTA in the regulation of reward and aversion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ntamati, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/117416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Periaqueductal Efferents To Dopamine And GABA Neurons Of The VTA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/120725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Context-Dependent Attractor Dynamics in Visual Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/120725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The capacity for flexible sensory-action association in animals has been related to context-dependent attractor dynamics outside the sensory cortices. Here we report a line of evidence that flexibly modulated attractor dynamics during task switching are already present in the higher visual cortex in macaque monkeys. With a nonlinear decoding approach, we can extract the particular aspect of the neural population response that reflects the task-induced emergence of bistable attractor dynamics in a neural population, which could be obscured by standard unsupervised dimensionality reductions such as PCA. The dynamical modulation selectively increases the information relevant to task demands, indicating that such modulation is beneficial for perceptual decisions. A computational model that features nonlinear recurrent interaction among neurons with a task-dependent background input replicates the key properties observed in the experimental data. These results suggest that the context-dependent attractor dynamics involving the sensory cortex can underlie flexible perceptual abilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tajima, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koida, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tajima, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aihara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komatsu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/120725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Context-Dependent Attractor Dynamics in Visual Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/123521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distributed Affective Space Represents Multiple Emotion Categories Across The Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/123521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The functional organization of human emotion systems as well as their neuroanatomical basis and segregation in the brain remains unresolved. Here we used pattern classification and hierarchical clustering to reveal and characterize the organization of discrete emotion categories in the human brain. We induced 14 emotions (6 "basic", such as fear and anger; and 8 "non-basic", such as shame and gratitude) and a neutral state in participants using guided mental imagery while their brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twelve out of 14 emotions could be reliably classified from the fMRI signals. All emotions engaged a multitude of brain areas, primarily in midline cortices including anterior and posterior cingulate and precuneus, in subcortical regions, and in motor regions including cerebellum and premotor cortex. Similarity of subjective emotional experiences was associated with similarity of the corresponding neural activation patterns. We conclude that the emotions included in the study have discrete neural bases characterized by specific, distributed activation patterns in widespread cortical and subcortical circuits, and highlight both overlaps and differences in the locations of these for each emotion. Locally differentiated engagement of these globally shared circuits defines the unique neural fingerprint activity pattern and the corresponding subjective feeling associated with each emotion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saarimaki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ejtehadian, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glerean, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaaskelainen, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nummenmaa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/123521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distributed Affective Space Represents Multiple Emotion Categories Across The Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/126276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sub-minute phosphoregulation of cell-cycle systems during Plasmodium gamete formation revealed by a high-resolution time course 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/126276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malaria parasites are protists of the genus Plasmodium, whose transmission to mosquitoes is initiated by the production of gametes. Male gametogenesis is an extremely rapid process that is tightly controlled to produce eight flagellated microgametes from a single haploid gametocyte within 10 minutes after ingestion by a mosquito. Regulation of the cell cycle is poorly understood in divergent eukaryotes like Plasmodium, where the highly synchronous response of gametocytes to defined chemical and physical stimuli from the mosquito has proved to be a powerful model to identify specific phosphorylation events critical for cell-cycle progression. To reveal the wider network of phosphorylation signalling in a systematic and unbiased manner, we have measured a high-resolution time course of the phosphoproteome of P. berghei gametocytes during the first minute of gametogenesis. The data show an extremely broad response in which distinct cell-cycle events such as initiation of DNA replication and mitosis are rapidly induced and simultaneously regulated. We identify several protein kinases and phosphatases that are likely central in the gametogenesis signalling pathway and validate our analysis by investigating the phosphoproteomes of mutants in two of them, CDPK4 and SRPK1. We show these protein kinases to have distinct influences over the phosphorylation of similar downstream targets that are consistent with their distinct cellular functions, which is revealed by a detailed phenotypic analysis of an SRPK1 mutant. Together, the results show that key cell-cycle systems in Plasmodium undergo simultaneous and rapid phosphoregulation. We demonstrate how a highly resolved time-course of dynamic phosphorylation events can generate deep insights into the unusual cell biology of a divergent eukaryote, which serves as a model for an important group of human pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Invergo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltrao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billker, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/126276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sub-minute phosphoregulation of cell-cycle systems during Plasmodium gamete formation revealed by a high-resolution time course]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/128793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a Self-Report Measure of Reward Sensitivity: A Test in Current and Former Smokers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/128793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionTobacco use or abstinence may increase or decrease reward sensitivity. Most existing measures of reward sensitivity were developed decades ago, and few have undergone extensive psychometric testing.nnMethodsWe developed a 58-item survey of the anticipated enjoyment from, wanting for, and frequency of common rewards (the Rewarding Events Inventory - REI). The current analyses focuses on ratings of anticipated enjoyment. The first validation study recruited current and former smokers from internet sites. The second study recruited smokers who wished to quit and monetarily reinforced them to stay abstinent in a laboratory study, and a comparison group of former smokers. In both studies, participants completed the inventory on two occasions, 3-7 days apart. They also completed four anhedonia scales and a behavioral test of reduced reward sensitivity.nnResultsHalf of the enjoyment ratings loaded on four factors: socializing, active hobbies, passive hobbies, and sex/drug use. Cronbach alpha coefficients were all [&ge;] 0.73 for overall mean and factor scores. Test-retest correlations were all [&ge;] 0.83. Correlations of the overall and factor scores with frequency of rewards, anhedonia scales were 0.19 - 0.53, except for the sex/drugs factor. The scores did not correlate with behavioral tests of reward and did not differ between current and former smokers. Lower overall mean enjoyment score predicted a shorter time to relapse.nnDiscussionInternal reliability and test-retest reliability of the enjoyment outcomes of the REI are excellent, and construct and predictive validity are modest but promising. The REI is comprehensive and up-to-date, yet is short enough to use on repeated occasions. Replication tests, especially predictive validity tests, are needed.nnImplicationsBoth use of and abstinence from nicotine appears to increase or decrease how rewarding non-drug rewards are; however, self-report scales to test this have limitations. Our inventory of enjoyment from 58 rewards appears to be reliable and valid as well as comprehensive and up-to-date, yet is short enough to use on repeated occasions. Replication tests, especially of the predictive validity of our scale, are needed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hughes, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callas, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priest, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etter, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budney, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigmon, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/128793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a Self-Report Measure of Reward Sensitivity: A Test in Current and Former Smokers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distance Is Not Everything In Imaging Genomics Of Functional Networks: Reply To A Commentary On Correlated Gene Expression Supports Synchronous Activity In Brain Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our 2015 paper (Richiardi et al., 2015), showed that transcriptional similarity of gene expression level is higher than expected by chance within functional brain networks (defined by functional magnetic resonance imaging), a relationship that is driven by around 140 genes. These results were replicated in vivo in adolescents, where we showed that SNPs of these genes where associated above chance with in-vivo fMRI connectivity, and in the mouse, where mouse orthologs of our genes showed above-chance association with meso-scale axonal connectivity. This paper has received a commentary on biorXiv (Pantazatos and Li, 2016), making several claims about our results and methods, mainly pointing out that Euclidean distance explains our results ("...high within-network SF is entirely attributable to proximity and is unrelated to functional brain networks..."). Here we address these claims and their weaknesses, and show that our original results stand, contrary to the claims made in the commentary.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Richiardi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greicius, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/132746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distance Is Not Everything In Imaging Genomics Of Functional Networks: Reply To A Commentary On Correlated Gene Expression Supports Synchronous Activity In Brain Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/133272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Focal Versus Distributed Temporal Cortex Activity For Speech Sound Category Assignment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/133272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Percepts and words can be decoded from largely distributed neural activity measures. The existence of widespread representations might, however, conflict with the fundamental notions of hierarchical processing and efficient coding. Using fMRI and MEG during syllable identification, we first show that sensory and decisional activity co-localize to a restricted part of the posterior superior temporal cortex. Next, using intracortical recordings we demonstrate that early and focal neural activity in this region distinguishes correct from incorrect decisions and can be machine-decoded to classify syllables. Crucially, significant machine-decoding was possible from neuronal activity sampled across widespread regions, despite weak or absent sensory or decision-related responses. These findings show that a complex behavior like speech sound categorization relies on an efficient readout of focal neural activity, while distributed activity, although decodable by machine-learning, reflects collateral processes of sensory perception and decision.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bouton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyrand, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggisberg, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/133272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Focal Versus Distributed Temporal Cortex Activity For Speech Sound Category Assignment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Population Genomics Of Archaeological Transition In West Iberia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We analyse new genomic data (0.05-2.95x) from 14 ancient individuals from Portugal distributed from the Middle Neolithic (4200-3500 BC) to the Middle Bronze Age (1740-1430 BC) and impute genomewide diploid genotypes in these together with published ancient Eurasians. While discontinuity is evident in the transition to agriculture across the region, sensitive haplotype-based analyses suggest a significant degree of local hunter-gatherer contribution to later Iberian Neolithic populations. A more subtle genetic influx is also apparent in the Bronze Age, detectable from analyses including haplotype sharing with both ancient and modern genomes, D-statistics and Y-chromosome lineages. However, the limited nature of this introgression contrasts with the major Steppe migration turnovers within third Millennium northern Europe and echoes the survival of non-Indo-European language in Iberia. Changes in genomic estimates of individual height across Europe are also associated with these major cultural transitions, and ancestral components continue to correlate with modern differences in stature.nnAuthor SummaryRecent ancient DNA work has demonstrated the significant genetic impact of mass migrations from the Steppe into Central and Northern Europe during the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. In Iberia, archaeological change at the level of material culture and funerary rituals has been reported during this period, however, the genetic impact associated with this cultural transformation has not yet been estimated. In order to investigate this, we sequence Neolithic and Bronze Age samples from Portugal, which we compare to other ancient and present-day individuals. Genome-wide imputation of a large dataset of ancient samples enabled sensitive methods for detecting population structure and selection in ancient samples. We revealed subtle genetic differentiation between the Portuguese Neolithic and Bronze Age samples suggesting a markedly reduced influx in Iberia compared to other European regions. Furthermore, we predict individual height in ancients, suggesting that stature was reduced in the Neolithic and affected by subsequent admixtures. Lastly, we examine signatures of strong selection in important traits and the timing of their origins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martiniano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassidy, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Maolduin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manco, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidalgo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coelho, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parreira, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porfirio, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boaventura, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/134254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Population Genomics Of Archaeological Transition In West Iberia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/141754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving Leukemic CD34+/CD38- Blasts Characterization With Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/141754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARY / ABSTRACTAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a particularly aggressive blood cancer that is difficult to treat because of the incomplete eradication of rare blast cells that possess self-renewal and leukemia-initiating properties. To characterize resistant blasts, we analyzed for the first time the transcriptomes of individual CD34+/CD38- blasts by single-cell mRNA sequencing of 359 CD33+/CD34+/CD38-/+ sorted cells from two patients with AML and four unaffected individuals. We demonstrated that the captured blasts possess the transcriptomic hallmarks of self-renewal and leukemia-initiating ability. The effects of somatic mutations on the cancer cells are visible at the transcriptional level, and the cellular signaling pathway activity of the blasts is altered, revealing disease-associated gene networks. We also identified a core set of transcription factors that were co-activated in blasts, which suggests a joint transcription program among blasts. Finally, we revealed that leukemogenesis and putative prognostic gene-expression signatures are present at diagnosis in leukemic CD33+/CD34+/CD38- cells and can be detected using a single-cell RNA sequencing approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sartori, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falconnet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribaux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubry-Lachainaye, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levesque, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/141754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving Leukemic CD34+/CD38- Blasts Characterization With Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/151795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Restoring wild type-like network dynamics and behaviour during adulthood in a mouse model of schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/151795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Schizophrenia is a severely debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder. Establishing a causal link between circuit dysfunction and particular behavioural traits relevant to schizophrenia is crucial to shed new light on the mechanisms underlying the pathology. Here we studied an animal model of the 22q11 deletion syndrome, which is the highest genetic risk to develop the pathology. We report a desynchronization of hippocampal neuronal assemblies that resulted from parvalbumin interneuron hypoexcitability. Rescuing parvalbumin interneuron excitability with pharmacological or chemogenetic approaches is sufficient to restore wild type-like network dynamics and behaviour during adulthood. In conclusion, our data provide mechanistic insights underlying network dysfunction relevant to schizophrenia and demonstrate the potential of reverse engineering in fostering new therapeutic strategies to alleviate the burden of neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marissal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertollini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Roo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/151795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Restoring wild type-like network dynamics and behaviour during adulthood in a mouse model of schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/155804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hydra, a model system for deciphering the mechanisms of aging and resistance to aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/155804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The freshwater cnidarian polyp named Hydra, which can be mass-cultured in the laboratory, is characterized by a highly dynamic homeostasis with a continuous self-renewal of its three adult stem cell populations, the epithelial stem cells from the epidermis, the epithelial stem cells from the gastrodermis, and the multipotent interstitial stem cells, which provide cells of the nervous system, gland cells and germ cells. Two unusual features characterize these stem cells that cannot replace each other, they all avoid G1 to pause in G2, and the two epithelial populations are concomitantly multifunctional and stem cells. H. vulgaris that does not show any signs of aging over the years, resists to weeks of starvation and adapts to the loss of neurogenesis, providing a unique model system to study the resistance to aging. By contrast some strains of a distinct species named H. oligactis undergo a rapid aging process when undergoing gametogenesis or when placed in stress conditions. The aging phenotype is characterized by the rapid loss of somatic interstitial stem cells, the progressive reduction in epithelial stem cell self-renewal, the loss of regeneration, the disorganization of the neuro-muscular system, the loss of the feeding behavior, and the death of all animals within about three months. We review here the possible mechanisms that help H. vulgaris to sustain stem cell self-renewal and thus bypass aging processes. For this, FoxO seems to act as a pleiotropic actor, regulating stem cell proliferation, stress response and apoptosis. In H. oligactis, the regulation of the autophagy flux differs between aging-sensitive and aging-resistant animals, pointing to a key role for proteostasis in the maintenance of a large pool of active and plastic epithelial stem cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schenkelaars, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomczyk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenger, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekundayo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girard, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzgariu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galliot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/155804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hydra, a model system for deciphering the mechanisms of aging and resistance to aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156513v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tension-dependent stretching and folding of ZO-1 controls the localization of its interactors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156513v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tensile forces regulate epithelial homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms behind this regulation are poorly understood. Using structured illumination microscopy and proximity ligation assays we show that the tight junction protein ZO-1 undergoes actomyosin tension-dependent stretching and folding in vivo. Magnetic tweezers experiments using purified ZO-1 indicate that pN-scale tensions (~2-4 pN) are sufficient to maintain the stretched conformation of ZO-1, while keeping its structured domains intact. Actomyosin tension and substrate stiffness regulate the localization and expression of the transcription factor DbpA and the tight junction membrane protein occludin in a ZO-1/ZO-2-dependent manner, resulting in modulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, barrier function and cyst morphogenesis. Interactions between the N-terminal (ZPSG) and C-terminal domains of ZO-1 prevent binding of DbpA to the ZPSG, and folding is antagonized by heterodimerization with ZO-2. We propose that tensile forces regulate epithelial homeostasis by activating ZO proteins through stretching, to modulate their protein interactions and downstream signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spadaro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laroche, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mean, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jond, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Citi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/156513</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tension-dependent stretching and folding of ZO-1 controls the localization of its interactors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide genetic data on ~500,000 UK Biobank participants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The UK Biobank project is a large prospective cohort study of ~500,000 individuals from across the United Kingdom, aged between 40-69 at recruitment. A rich variety of phenotypic and health-related information is available on each participant, making the resource unprecedented in its size and scope. Here we describe the genome-wide genotype data (~805,000 markers) collected on all individuals in the cohort and its quality control procedures. Genotype data on this scale offers novel opportunities for assessing quality issues, although the wide range of ancestries of the individuals in the cohort also creates particular challenges. We also conducted a set of analyses that reveal properties of the genetic data - such as population structure and relatedness - that can be important for downstream analyses. In addition, we phased and imputed genotypes into the dataset, using computationally efficient methods combined with the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) and UK10K haplotype resource. This increases the number of testable variants by over 100-fold to ~96 million variants. We also imputed classical allelic variation at 11 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, and as a quality control check of this imputation, we replicate signals of known associations between HLA alleles and many common diseases. We describe tools that allow efficient genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of multiple traits and fast phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS), which work together with a new compressed file format that has been used to distribute the dataset. As a further check of the genotyped and imputed datasets, we performed a test-case genome-wide association scan on a well-studied human trait, standing height.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bycroft, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petkova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Band, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliott, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharp, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Motyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vukcevic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVean, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnelly, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/166298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide genetic data on ~500,000 UK Biobank participants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/170381v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of spatial scale and edge weight on predictive power of cortical thickness networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/170381v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Network-level analysis based on anatomical, pairwise similarities (e.g., cortical thickness) has been gaining increasing attention recently. However, there has not been a systematic study of the impact of spatial scale and edge definitions on predictive performance. In order to obtain a clear understanding of relative performance, there is a need for systematic comparison. In this study, we present a histogram-based approach to construct subject-wise weighted networks that enable a principled comparison across different methods of network analysis. We design several weighted networks based on three large publicly available datasets and perform a robust evaluation of their predictive power under four levels of separability. An interesting insight generated is that changes in nodal size (spatial scale) have no significant impact on predictive power among the three classification experiments and two disease cohorts studied, i.e. mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease from ADNI, and Autism from the ABIDE dataset. We also release an open source python package called graynet to enable others to implement the novel network feature extraction algorithm, which is applicable to other modalities as well (due to its domain- and feature-agnostic nature) in diverse applications of connectivity research. In addition, the findings from the ADNI dataset are replicated in the AIBL dataset using an open source machine learning tool called neuropredict.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raamana, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strother, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/170381</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of spatial scale and edge weight on predictive power of cortical thickness networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/171694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intra- and inter-chromosomal chromatin interactions mediate genetic effects on regulatory networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/171694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide studies on the genetic basis of gene expression and the structural properties of chromatin have considerably advanced our understanding of the function of the human genome. However, it remains unclear how structure relates to function and, in this work, we aim at bridging both by assembling a dataset that combines the activity of regulatory elements (e.g. enhancers and promoters), expression of genes and genetic variations of 317 individuals and across two cell types. We show that the regulatory activity is structured within 12,583 Cis Regulatory Domains (CRDs) that are cell type specific and highly reflective of the local (i.e. Topologically Associating Domains) and global (i.e. A/B nuclear compartments) nuclear organization of the chromatin. These CRDs essentially delimit the sets of active regulatory elements involved in the transcription of most genes, thereby capturing complex regulatory networks in which the effects of regulatory variants are propagated and combined to finally mediate expression Quantitative Trait Loci. Overall, our analysis reveals the complexity and specificity of cis and trans regulatory networks and their perturbation by genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zazhytska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howald, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ongen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popadin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambrosini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bielser, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romano-Palumbo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribaux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiederkehr, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falconnet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucher, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/171694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intra- and inter-chromosomal chromatin interactions mediate genetic effects on regulatory networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/172072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The contributions of the actin machinery to endocytic membrane bending and vesicle formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/172072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Branched and crosslinked actin networks mediate cellular processes that move and shape membranes. To understand how actin contributes during the different stages of endocytic membrane reshaping, we analysed deletion mutants of yeast actin network components using a hybrid imaging approach that combines live imaging with correlative microscopy. We could thereby temporally dissect the effects of different actin network perturbations, revealing distinct stages of actin-based membrane reshaping. Our data show that initiation of membrane bending requires the actin network to be physically linked to the plasma membrane and to be optimally crosslinked. Once initiated, the membrane invagination process is driven by nucleation and polymerization of new actin filaments, independently of the degree of cross-linking and unaffected by a surplus of actin network components. A key transition occurs 2 seconds before scission when the filament nucleation rate drops. From that time point on, invagination growth and vesicle scission are driven by an expansion of the assembled actin network. The expansion is sensitive to the amount of filamentous actin and its crosslinking. Our results suggest that the mechanism by which actin reshapes the membrane adapts to force requirements that vary during the progress of endocytosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Picco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukulski, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manenschijn, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Specht, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, J. A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/172072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The contributions of the actin machinery to endocytic membrane bending and vesicle formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/174219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hundreds of putative non-coding cis-regulatory drivers in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and skin cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/174219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perturbations of the coding genome and their role in cancer development have been studied extensively. However, the non-coding genomes contribution in cancer is poorly understood (1), not only because it is difficult to define the non-coding regulatory regions and the genes they regulate, but also because there is limited power owing to the regulatory regions small size. In this study, we try to resolve this issue by defining modules of coordinated non-coding regulatory regions of genes (Cis Regulatory Domains or CRDs). To do so, we use the correlation between histone modifications, assayed by ChIP-seq, in population samples of immortalized B-cells and skin fibroblasts. We screen for CRDs that accumulate an excess of somatic mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and skin cancer, which affect these cell types, after accounting for somatic mutational patterns and biases. At 5% FDR, we find 90 CRDs with significant excess somatic of mutations in CLL, 60 of which regulate 126 genes, and in skin cancer 59 significant CRDs, 25 of which regulate 37 genes. The genes these CRDs regulate include ones already implicated in tumorigenesis, and are enriched in pathways already implicated in the respective cancers, like the B-cell receptor signalling pathway in CLL and the TGF{beta} signalling pathway in skin cancer. We discover that the somatic mutations in the significant CRDs of CLL are hitting bases more likely to be functional than the mutations in non-significant CRDs. Moreover, in both cancers, mutational signatures observed in the regulatory regions of significant CRDs deviate significantly from their null sequences. Both results indicate selection acting on CRDs during tumorigenesis. Finally, we find that the transcription factor biding sites that are disturbed by the somatic mutations in significant CRDs are enriched for factors known to be involved in cancer development. We are describing a new powerful approach to discover non-coding regions involved in tumorigenesis in CLL and skin cancer and this approach could be generalized to other cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ongen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howald, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/174219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hundreds of putative non-coding cis-regulatory drivers in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and skin cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BUSCO applications from quality assessments to gene prediction and phylogenomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomics promises comprehensive surveying of genomes and metagenomes, but rapidly changing technologies and expanding data volumes make evaluation of completeness a challenging task. Technical sequencing quality metrics can be complemented by quantifying completeness in terms of the expected gene content of Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO, http://busco.ezlab.org). Now in its third release, BUSCO utilities extend beyond quality control to applications in comparative genomics, gene predictor training, metagenomics, and phylogenomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waterhouse, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seppey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simao Neto, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannidis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klioutchnikov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kriventseva, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BUSCO applications from quality assessments to gene prediction and phylogenomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social impairments are a hallmark of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but empirical evidence for early brain network alterations in response to social stimuli is scant in ASD. Here, we recorded the gaze patterns and brain activity of toddlers and preschoolers with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers while they explored dynamic social scenes. Source-space directed functional connectivity analyses revealed the presence of network alterations in the theta frequency band, manifesting as increased driving (hyper-activity) and stronger connections (hyper-connectivity) from key nodes of the social brain associated with autism. Further analyses of brain-behavioural relationships within the ASD group suggested that compensatory mechanisms from dorsomedial frontal, inferior temporal and insular cortical regions were associated with lower clinical impairment and less atypical gaze patterns. Our results provide strong evidence that directed functional connectivity alterations of social brain networks is a core component of atypical brain development at early stages of ASD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sperdin, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rihs, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franchini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plomp, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulliemoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/180703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/181966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Taxon sampling unequally affects individual nodes in a phylogenetic tree: consequences for model gene tree construction in SwissTree 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/181966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Medium to large phylogenetic gene trees constructed from datasets of different species density and taxonomic range are rarely topologically consistent because of missing phylogenetic signal, non-phylogenetic signal and error. In this study, we first use simulations to show that taxon sampling unequally affects nodes in a gene tree, which likely contributes to controversial conclusions from taxon sampling experiments and contradicting species phylogenies such as for the boreoeutherians. Hence, because it is unlikely that a large gene tree can be reconstructed correctly based on a single optimized dataset, we take a two-step approach for the construction of model gene trees. First, stable and unstable clades are identified by comparing phylogenetic trees inferred from multiple datasets and data types (nucleotide, amino acid, codon) from the same gene family. Subsequently, data subsets are optimized for the analysis of individual uncertain clades. Results are summarized in form of a model tree that illustrates the evolutionary relationship of gene loci. A case study shows how a seemingly complex gene phylogeny becomes increasingly consistent with the reference species tree by attentive taxon sampling and subtree analysis. The procedure is progressively introduced to SwissTree (http://swisstree.vital-it.ch), a resource of high confidence model gene (locus) trees. Finally we demonstrate the usefulness of SwissTree for orthology benchmarking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boeckmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dylus, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moretti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altenhoff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Train, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kriventseva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bougueleret, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xenarios, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Privman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dessimoz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/181966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Taxon sampling unequally affects individual nodes in a phylogenetic tree: consequences for model gene tree construction in SwissTree]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/187690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii microneme proteins 1 and 4 bind to Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 N-glycans triggering innate immune response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/187690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infection of host cells by Toxoplasma gondii is an active process, which is regulated by secretion of microneme (MICs) and rhoptry proteins (ROPs and RONs) from specialized organelles in the apical pole of the parasite. MIC1, MIC4 and MIC6 assemble into an adhesin complex, secreted on the parasite surface and function to promote infection competency. MIC1 and MIC4 are known to bind terminal sialic acid residues and galactose residues, respectively and to induce IL-12 production from splenocytes. Here we show that rMIC1- and rMIC4-stimulated dendritic cells and macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines, and they do so by engaging TLR2 and TLR4. This process depends on sugar recognition, since point mutations in the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD) of rMIC1 and rMIC4 inhibit innate immune cells activation. HEK cells transfected with TLR2 glycomutants were selectively unresponsive to MICs. Following in vitro infection, parasites lacking MIC1 or MIC4, as well as expressing MIC proteins with point mutations in their CRD, failed to induce wild-type (WT) levels of IL-12 secretion by innate immune cells. However, only MIC1 was shown to impact systemic levels of IL-12 and IFN-{gamma} in vivo. Together, our data show that MIC1 and MIC4 interact physically with TLR2 and TLR4 N-glycans to trigger IL-12 responses, and MIC1 is playing a significant role in vivo by altering T. gondii infection competency and murine pathogenesis.nnAUTHOR SUMMARYToxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, belonging to the Apicomplexa phylum. This phylum comprises important parasites able to infect a broad diversity of animals, including humans. A particularity of T. gondii is its ability to invade virtually any nucleated cell of all warm-blooded animals through an active process, which depends on the secretion of adhesin proteins. These proteins are discharged by specialized organelles localized in the parasite apical region, and termed micronemes and rhoptries. We show in this study that two microneme proteins from T. gondii utilize their adhesion activity to stimulate innate immunity. These microneme proteins, denoted MIC1 and MIC4, recognize specific sugars on receptors expressed on the surface of mammalian immune cells. This binding activates these innate immune cells to secrete cytokines, which promotes efficient host defense mechanisms against the parasite and regulate their pathogenesis. This activity promotes a chronic infection by controlling parasite replication during acute infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sardinha-Silva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendonca-Natividade, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinzan, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacot, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorzetto-Fernandes, A. L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gay, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jankovic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigg, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roque-Barreira, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/187690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toxoplasma gondii microneme proteins 1 and 4 bind to Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 N-glycans triggering innate immune response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/190264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering cell lineage specification during male sex determination with single-cell RNA sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/190264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gonad is a unique biological system for studying cell fate decisions. However, major questions remain regarding the identity of somatic progenitor cells and the transcriptional events driving cell differentiation. Using time course single cell RNA sequencing on XY mouse gonads during sex determination, we identified a single population of somatic progenitor cells prior sex determination. A subset of these progenitors differentiate into Sertoli cells, a process characterized by a highly dynamic genetic program consisting of sequential waves of gene expression. Another subset of multipotent cells maintains their progenitor state but undergo significant transcriptional changes that restrict their competence towards a steroidogenic fate required for the differentiation of fetal Leydig cells. These results question the dogma of the existence of two distinct somatic cell lineages at the onset of sex determination and propose a new model of lineage specification from a unique progenitor cell population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stevant, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neirijnck, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escoffier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/190264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering cell lineage specification during male sex determination with single-cell RNA sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The HoxD Cluster is a Dynamic and Resilient TAD Boundary Controling the Segregation of Antagonistic Regulatory Landscapes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193706v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian HoxD cluster lies between two topologically associating domains (TADs) matching distinct, enhancer-rich regulatory landscapes. During limb development, the telomeric TAD controls the early transcription of Hoxd gene in forearm cells, whereas the centromeric TAD subsequently regulates more posterior Hoxd genes in digit cells. Therefore, the TAD boundary prevents the terminal Hoxd13 gene to respond to forearm enhancers, thereby allowing proper limb patterning. To assess the nature and function of this CTCF-rich DNA region in embryo, we compared chromatin interaction profiles between proximal and distal limb bud cells isolated from mutant stocks where various parts or this boundary region were removed. The resulting progressive release in boundary effect triggered inter-TAD contacts, favored by the activity of the newly accessed enhancers. However, the boundary was highly resilient and only a 400kb large deletion including the whole gene cluster was eventually able to merge the neighboring TADs into a single structure. In this unified TAD, both proximal and distal limb enhancers nevertheless continued to work independently over a targeted transgenic reporter construct. We propose that the whole HoxD cluster is a dynamic TAD border and that the exact boundary position varies depending on both the transcriptional status and the developmental context.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Carballo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Idrissi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen Huynh, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozadam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/193706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The HoxD Cluster is a Dynamic and Resilient TAD Boundary Controling the Segregation of Antagonistic Regulatory Landscapes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PSGfinder: fast identification of genes under divergent positive selection using the dynamic windows method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryOrthologous genes evolving under divergent positive selection are those involved in divergent adaptive trajectories between related species. Current methods to identify such genes are complex and conservative or present some imperfections, limiting genome-wide searches. We present a simple method, Dynamic Windows, to detect regions of protein-coding genes evolving under divergent positive selection. This method is implemented in PSGfinder, a user-friendly and flexible software, allowing rapid genome-wide screenings of regions with a dN/dS >1. PSGfinder additionally includes an alignment cleaning procedure and an adapted multiple comparison correction to identify significant signals of positive selection.nnAvailability and ImplementationPSGfinder is a software that implements the DWin method, is written in Python and is freely available with its documentation at: https://genev.unige.ch/research/laboratory/Juan-Montoya or at: https://github.com/joel-tuberosa/psgfindernnContactjuan.montoya@unige.ch; joel.tuberosa@unige.ch
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tuberosa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya-Burgos, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/193722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PSGfinder: fast identification of genes under divergent positive selection using the dynamic windows method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linear-Nonlinear-Time-Warp-Poisson models of neural activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prominent models of spike trains assume only one source of variability - stochastic (Poisson) spiking - when stimuli and behavior are fixed. However, spike trains may also reflect variability due to internal processes such as planning. For example, we can plan a movement at one point in time and execute it at some arbitrary later time. Neurons involved in planning may thus share an underlying time-course that is not precisely locked to the actual movement. Here we combine the standard Linear-Nonlinear-Poisson (LNP) model with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to account for shared temporal variability. When applied to recordings from macaque premotor cortex, we find that time warping considerably improves predictions of neural activity. We suggest that such temporal variability is a widespread phenomenon in the brain which should be modeled.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lawlor, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perich, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kording, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/194498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linear-Nonlinear-Time-Warp-Poisson models of neural activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/198002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discriminability of numerosity-evoked fMRI activity patterns in human intra-parietal cortex reflects behavioral numerical acuity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/198002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Areas of the primate intraparietal cortex have been identified as an important substrate of numerical cognition. In human fMRI studies, activity patterns in these and other areas have allowed researchers to read out the numerosity a subject is viewing, but the relation of such decodable information with behavioral numerical proficiency remains unknown.nnHere, we estimated the precision of behavioral numerosity discrimination (internal Weber fraction) in twelve adult subjects based on psychophysical testing in a delayed numerosity comparison task outside the scanner. FMRI data were then recorded during a similar task, to obtain the accuracy with which the same sample numerosities could be read out from evoked brain activity patterns, as a measure of the precision of the neuronal representation. Sample numerosities were decodable in both early visual and intra-parietal cortex with approximately equal accuracy on average. In parietal cortex, smaller numerosities were better discriminated than larger numerosities of the same ratio, paralleling smaller behavioral Weber fractions for smaller numerosities. Furthermore, in parietal but not early visual cortex, fMRI decoding performance was correlated with behavioral number discrimination acuity across subjects (subjects with a more precise behavioral Weber fraction measured prior to scanning showed greater discriminability of fMRI activity patterns in intraparietal cortex, and more specifically, the right LIP region).nnThese results suggest a crucial role for intra-parietal cortex in supporting a numerical representation which is explicitly read out for numerical decisions and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lasne, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piazza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehaene, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinschmidt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/198002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discriminability of numerosity-evoked fMRI activity patterns in human intra-parietal cortex reflects behavioral numerical acuity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/200493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Force-dependent ligand sensing enables αVβ3 integrin to differentiate between fibronectin and high-affinity ligands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/200493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
V{beta}3 integrin recognizes multiple extracellular matrix proteins, including vitronectin (Vn) and fibronectin (Fn). However, cell experiments are frequently performed on homogenously coated substrates with only one integrin ligand present. Here, we employed binary-choice substrates of Fn and Vn to dissect V{beta}3 integrin-mediated binding to both ligands on the subcellular scale. Superresolution imaging revealed that V{beta}3 integrin preferred binding to Vn under various conditions. In contrast, binding to Fn required mechanical load on V{beta}3 integrin. Integrin mutations, structural analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations established a model where the extended-closed conformation of V{beta}3 integrin binds Vn but not Fn. Force-mediated hybrid domain swing-out characterizes the extended-open conformation needed for efficient Fn binding. Thus, force-dependent conformational changes in V{beta}3 integrin increase the number of available ligands and therefore the ligand promiscuity of this integrin. These findings for V{beta}3 integrin were shown to regulate cell migration and mechanotransduction differentially on Fn compared to Vn and therefore to regulate cell behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bachmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schäfer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissenbruch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mykuliak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hytönen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehrle-Haller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastmeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/200493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Force-dependent ligand sensing enables αVβ3 integrin to differentiate between fibronectin and high-affinity ligands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/200691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Error-prone bypass of DNA lesions during lagging strand replication is a common source of germline and cancer mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/200691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spontaneously occurring mutations are of great relevance in diverse fields including biochemistry, oncology, evolutionary biology, and human genetics. Studies in experimental systems have identified a multitude of mutational mechanisms including DNA replication infidelity as well as many forms of DNA damage followed by inefficient repair or replicative bypass. However, the relative contributions of these mechanisms to human germline mutations remain completely unknown. Here, based on the mutational asymmetry with respect to the direction of replication and transcription, we suggest that error-prone damage bypass on the lagging strand plays a major role in human mutagenesis. Asymmetry with respect to transcription is believed to be mediated by the action of transcription-coupled DNA repair (TC-NER). TC-NER selectively repairs DNA lesions on the transcribed strand; as a result, lesions on the non-transcribed strand are preferentially converted into mutations. In human polymorphism we detect a striking similarity between transcriptional asymmetry and asymmetry with respect to replication fork direction. This parallels the observation that damage-induced mutations in human cancers accumulate asymmetrically with respect to the direction of replication, suggesting that DNA lesions are asymmetrically resolved during replication. Re-analysis of XR-seq data, Damage-seq data and cancers with defective NER corroborate the preferential error-prone bypass of DNA lesions on the lagging strand. We experimentally demonstrate that replication delay greatly attenuates the mutagenic effect of UV-irradiation, in line with the key role of replication in conversion of DNA damage to mutations. We conservatively estimate that at least 10% of human germline mutations arise due to DNA damage rather than replication infidelity. The number of these damage-induced mutations is expected to scale with the number of replications and, consequently, paternal age.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seplyarskiy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrianova, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaev, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazykin, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunyaev, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/200691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Error-prone bypass of DNA lesions during lagging strand replication is a common source of germline and cancer mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular evolutionary trends and feeding ecology diversification in the Hemiptera, anchored by the milkweed bug genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe Hemiptera (aphids, cicadas, and true bugs) are a key insect order, with high diversity for feeding ecology and excellent experimental tractability for molecular genetics. Building upon recent sequencing of hemipteran pests such as phloem-feeding aphids and blood-feeding bed bugs, we present the genome sequence and comparative analyses centered on the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, a seed feeder of the family Lygaeidae.nnResultsThe 926-Mb Oncopeltus genome is well represented by the current assembly and official gene set. We use our genomic and RNA-seq data not only to characterize the protein-coding gene repertoire and perform isoform-specific RNAi, but also to elucidate patterns of molecular evolution and physiology. We find ongoing, lineage-specific expansion and diversification of repressive C2H2 zinc finger proteins. The discovery of intron gain and turnover specific to the Hemiptera also prompted evaluation of lineage and genome size as predictors of gene structure evolution. Furthermore, we identify enzymatic gains and losses that correlate with feeding biology, particularly for reductions associated with derived, fluid-nutrition feeding.nnConclusionsWith the milkweed bug, we now have a critical mass of sequenced species for a hemimetabolous insect order and close outgroup to the Holometabola, substantially improving the diversity of insect genomics. We thereby define commonalities among the Hemiptera and delve into how hemipteran genomes reflect distinct feeding ecologies. Given Oncopeltus's strength as an experimental model, these new sequence resources bolster the foundation for molecular research and highlight technical considerations for the analysis of medium-sized invertebrate genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Panfilio, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas Jentzsch, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erezyilmaz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poelchau, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterhouse, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannidis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weirauch, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, D. S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werren, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, C. G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armisen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vreede, B. M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baa-Puyoulet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childers, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chipman, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cridge, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crumiere, A. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dearden, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Didion, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>doddapaneni, h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugan-Perez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Extavour, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Febvvay, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginzburg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/201731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular evolutionary trends and feeding ecology diversification in the Hemiptera, anchored by the milkweed bug genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.13.875393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inositol pyrophosphates promote the interaction of SPX domains with the coiled-coil motif of PHR transcription factors to regulate plant phosphate homeostasis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.13.875393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient taken up by organisms in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Eukaryotes have evolved sophisticated Pi sensing and signalling cascades, enabling them to maintain cellular Pi concentrations. Pi homeostasis is regulated by inositol pyrophosphate signalling molecules (PP-InsPs), which are sensed by SPX-domain containing proteins. In plants, PP-InsP bound SPX receptors inactivate Myb coiled-coil (MYB-CC) Pi starvation response transcription factors (PHRs) by an unknown mechanism. Here we report that a InsP8 - SPX complex targets the plant-unique CC domain of PHRs. Crystal structures of the CC domain reveal an unusual four-stranded anti-parallel arrangement. Interface mutations in the CC domain yield monomeric PHR1, which is no longer able to bind DNA with high affinity. Mutation of conserved basic residues located at the surface of the CC domain disrupt interaction with the SPX receptor in vitro and in planta, resulting in constitutive Pi starvation responses. Together, our findings suggest that InsP8 regulates plant Pi homeostasis by controlling the oligomeric state and hence the promoter binding capability of PHRs via their SPX receptors. (173 words)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ried, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wild, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmel, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiedler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.13.875393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inositol pyrophosphates promote the interaction of SPX domains with the coiled-coil motif of PHR transcription factors to regulate plant phosphate homeostasis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.881094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved function of ether lipids and sphingolipids in the early secretory pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.881094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sphingolipids have been shown to play important roles in physiology and cell biology, but a systematic examination of their functions is lacking. We performed a genome-wide CRISPRi screen in sphingolipid-depleted cells and identified hypersensitive mutants in genes of membrane trafficking and lipid biosynthesis, including ether lipid synthesis. Systematic lipidomic analysis showed a coordinate regulation of ether lipids with sphingolipids, where depletion of one of these lipid types resulted in increases in the other, suggesting an adaptation and functional compensation. Biophysical experiments on model membranes show common properties of these structurally diverse lipids that also share a known function as GPI anchors in different kingdoms of life. Molecular dynamics simulations show a selective enrichment of ether phosphatidylcholine around p24 proteins, which are receptors for the export of GPI-anchored proteins and have been shown to bind a specific sphingomyelin species. Our results support a model of convergent evolution of proteins and lipids, based on their physico-chemical properties, to regulate GPI-anchored protein transport and maintain homeostasis in the early secretory pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoni, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyengar, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.19.881094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved function of ether lipids and sphingolipids in the early secretory pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.887224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cellular stress response induced by the CRISPR/dCas9 activation system is not heritable through cell divisions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.887224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CRISPR/Cas9 system can be modified to perform  epigenetic editing by utilizing the catalytically-inactive (dead) Cas9 (dCas9) to recruit regulatory proteins to specific genomic locations. In prior studies, epigenetic editing with multimers of the transactivator VP16 and guide RNAs (gRNAs) was found to cause adverse cellular responses. These side effects may confound studies inducing new cellular properties, especially if the cellular responses are maintained through cell divisions - an epigenetic regulatory property. Here we show how distinct components of this CRISPR/dCas9 activation system, particularly untargeted gRNAs, upregulate genes associated with transcriptional stress, defense response, and regulation of cell death. Our results highlight a previously undetected acute stress response to CRISPR/dCas9 components in human cells, which is transient and not maintained through cell divisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnston, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdulrazak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maqbool, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greally, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simoes-Pires, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.23.887224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cellular stress response induced by the CRISPR/dCas9 activation system is not heritable through cell divisions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.30.891085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kirrel3-mediated synapse formation is attenuated by disease-associated missense variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.30.891085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Missense variants in Kirrel3 are repeatedly identified as risk factors for autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability but it has not been reported if or how these variants disrupt Kirrel3 function. Previously, we studied Kirrel3 loss-of-function using knockout mice and showed that Kirrel3 is a synaptic adhesion molecule necessary to form one specific type of hippocampal synapse in vivo. Here, we developed a new gain-of-function assay for Kirrel3 and find that wild-type Kirrel3 induces synapse formation selectively between Kirrel3-expressing cells via homophilic, trans-cellular binding. We tested six disease-associated Kirrel3 missense variants and find that five attenuate this synaptogenic function. All variants tested traffic to the cell surface and localize to synapses similar to wild-type Kirrel3. Two tested variants lack homophilic trans-cellular binding, which likely accounts for their reduced synaptogenic function. Interestingly, we also identified variants that bind in trans but cannot induce synapses, indicating Kirrel3 trans-cellular binding is necessary but not sufficient for its synaptogenic function. Collectively, these results suggest Kirrel3 functions as a synaptogenic, cell-recognition molecule, and this function is attenuated by missense variants associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Thus, we provide critical insight to Kirrel3 function in typical brain development and the consequences of missense variants associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we advance our understanding of mechanisms mediating target-specific synapse formation by providing evidence that Kirrel3 trans-cellular interactions mediate contact recognition and signaling to promote synapse development. Moreover, this is the first study to test the effects of disease-associated Kirrel3 missense variants on synapse formation, and thereby, provides a framework to understand the etiology of complex neurodevelopmental disorders arising from rare missense variants in synaptic genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinnen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trilokekar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranza, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.30.891085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kirrel3-mediated synapse formation is attenuated by disease-associated missense variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.895565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homogeneous multifocal excitation for high-throughput super-resolution imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.895565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Super-resolution microscopies, which allow features below the diffraction limit to be resolved, have become an established tool in biological research. However, imaging throughput remains a major bottleneck in using them for quantitative biology, which requires large datasets to overcome the noise of the imaging itself and to capture the variability inherent to biological processes. Here, we develop a multi-focal flat illumination for field independent imaging (mfFIFI) module, and integrate it into an instant structured illumination microscope (iSIM). Our instrument extends the field of view (FOV) to >100x100 {micro}m2 without compromising image quality, and maintains high-speed (100 Hz), multi-color, volumetric imaging at double the diffraction-limited resolution. We further extend the effective FOV by stitching multiple adjacent images together to perform fast live-cell super-resolution imaging of dozens of cells. Finally, we combine our flat-fielded iSIM setup with ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) to collect 3D images of hundreds of centrioles in human cells, as well as of thousands of purified Chlamydomonas reinhardtii centrioles per hour at an effective resolution of [~]35 nm. We apply classification and particle averaging to these large datasets, allowing us to map the 3D organization of post-translational modifications of centriolar microtubules, revealing differences in their coverage and positioning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahecic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambarotto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglass, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banterle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Guennec, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonczy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.08.895565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homogeneous multifocal excitation for high-throughput super-resolution imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.17.910638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.17.910638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human gut microbiota is known for its highly heterogeneous composition across different individuals. However, relatively little is known about functional differences in its ability to ferment complex polysaccharides. Through ex vivo measurements from healthy human donors, we show that individuals vary markedly in their microbial metabolic phenotypes (MMPs), mirroring differences in their microbiota composition, and resulting in the production of different quantities and proportions of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) from the same inputs. We also show that aspects of these MMPs can be predicted from composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. From experiments performed using the same dietary fibers in vivo, we demonstrate that an ingested bolus of fiber is almost entirely consumed by the microbiota upon passage. We leverage our ex vivo data to construct a model of SCFA production and absorption in vivo, and argue that inter-individual differences in quantities of absorbed SCFA are directly related to differences in production. Taken together, these data suggest that personalized dietary fiber supplementation based on an individuals MMP is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating diseases associated with SCFA production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gurry, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alm, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.17.910638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.918029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linking endoplasmic reticulum stress to polyploidy in ovarian cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.918029v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) have been observed in epithelial ovarian tumors and have the ability to survive to antimitotic drugs. Their appearance can result from paclitaxel treatment or hypoxia, two conditions known to induce unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. PGCCs produced under hypoxia may be formed by cell fusion and can contribute by bursting and budding to the generation of cancer stem-like cells which have a more aggressive phenotype than the parental cells. Despite the fact that PGCCs may contribute to tumor maintenance and recurrence, they were poorly studied. Here, we confirmed that PGCCs could derive, at least in part, from cell fusion. We also observed that PGCCs nuclei were able to fuse. The resulting cells were able to proliferate by mitosis and were more invasive than the parental cancer cells. Using two different ovarian cancer cell lines (COV318 and SKOV3), we showed that UPR activation with chemical inducers increased cell fusion and PGCCs appearance. Down-regulation of the UPR-associated protein PERK expression partially reversed the UPR-induced PGCCs formation, suggesting that the PERK arm of the UPR is involved in ovarian PGCCs onset.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yart, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastida-Ruiz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wuillemin, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ribaux, p.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>allard, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dietrich, p.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>petignat, p.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>cohen, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.24.918029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linking endoplasmic reticulum stress to polyploidy in ovarian cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.922559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive fragmentation and re-organization of gene co-expression patterns underlie the progression of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.922559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of autoimmune diseases, characterized by extensive gene expression perturbations in peripheral blood immune cells. Circumstantial evidence suggests that these perturbations may be due to altered epigenetic profiles and chromatin accessibility but the relationship between transcriptional deregulation and genome organization remains largely unstudied. We developed a genomic approach that leverages patterns of gene coexpression from genome-wide transcriptome profiles in order to identify statistically robust Domains of Co-ordinated gene Expression (DCEs). By implementing this method on gene expression data from a large SLE patient cohort, we identify significant disease-associated alterations in gene co-regulation patterns, which also correlate with the SLE activity status. Low disease activity patient genomes are characterized by extensive fragmentation leading to DCEs of smaller size. High disease activity genomes display excessive spatial redistribution of co-expression domains with expanded and newly-appearing (emerged) DCEs. Fragmentation and redistribution of gene coexpression patterns correlate with SLE-implicated biological pathways and clinically relevant endophenotypes such as kidney involvement. Notably, genes lying at the boundaries of split DCEs of low activity genomes are enriched in the interferon and other SLE susceptibility signatures, suggesting the implication of DCE fragmentation at early disease stages. Interrogation of promoter-enhancer interactions from various immune cell subtypes shows that a significant percentage of nested connections are disrupted by a DCE split or depletion in SLE genomes. Collectively, our results underlining an important role for genome organization in shaping gene expression in SLE, could provide valuable insights into disease pathogenesis and the mechanisms underlying disease flares.

SignificanceAlthough widespread gene expression changes have been reported in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), attempts to link gene deregulation with genome structure have been lacking. Through a computational framework for the segmentation of gene expression data, we reveal extensive fragmentation and reorganization of gene co-regulation domains in SLE, that correlates with disease activity states. Gene co-expression domains pertaining to biological functions implicated in SLE such as the interferon pathway, are being disrupted in patients, while others associated to severe manifestations such as nephritis, emerge in previously uncorrelated regions of the genome. Our results support extensive genome re-organization underlying aberrant gene expression in SLE, which could assist in the early detection of disease flares in patients that are in remission.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=114 SRC="FIGDIR/small/922559v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c9fdfborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1417da2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9f229borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1991569_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ntasis, V. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panousis, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tektonidou, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boumpas, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertsias, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.922559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive fragmentation and re-organization of gene co-expression patterns underlie the progression of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.922930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of acute physical exercise on motor sequence memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.922930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute physical exercise improves memory functions by increasing neural plasticity in the hippocampus. In animals, a single session of physical exercise has been shown to boost anandamide (AEA), an endocannabinoid known to promote hippocampal plasticity. Hippocampal neuronal networks encode episodic memory representations, including the temporal organization of elements, and can thus benefit motor sequence learning. While previous work established that acute physical exercise has positive effects on declarative memory linked to hippocampal plasticity mechanisms, its influence on memory for motor sequences, and especially on neural mechanisms underlying possible effects, has been less investigated.

Here we studied the impact of acute physical exercise on motor sequence learning, and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in humans, using a cross-over randomized within-subjects design. We measured behavior, fMRI activity, and circulating AEA levels in fifteen healthy participants while they performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT) before and after a short period of exercise (moderate or high intensity) or rest.

We show that exercise enhanced motor sequence memory, significantly for high intensity exercise and tending towards significance for moderate intensity exercise. This enhancement correlated with AEA increase, and dovetailed with local increases in caudate nucleus and hippocampus activity.

These findings demonstrate that acute physical exercise promotes sequence learning, thus attesting the overarching benefit of exercise to hippocampus-related memory functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marin Bosch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bringard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logrieco, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imobersteg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferretti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igloi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.922930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of acute physical exercise on motor sequence memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.926931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An injectable meta-biomaterial 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.926931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a novel type of injectable biomaterial with an elastic softening transition. The material enables in-vivo shaping, followed by induction of 3D stable vascularized tissue adopting the desired shape. We establish the necessary geometrical and physical parameters by extensive numerical simulation. Irregular particle shape dramatically enhances yield strain for in-vivo stability against deformation, while friction and porosity provide the elastic softening transition as an emergent meta-material property. Accordingly, we synthesize our injectable meta-biomaterial as a suspension of irregularly fragmented, highly porous sponge-like microgels. The meta-biomaterial exhibits both high yield strain, and the desired novel elastic softening transition for in-situ shaping and unprecedented dynamic matching of adipose tissue mechanics. In vivo, predetermined shapes can be sculpted manually after subcutaneous injection in mice. The 3D shape is maintained during excellent host tissue integration into the particle pore space. The meta-biomaterial sustains vascularized connective tissue to the end of one-year follow-up.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beduer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burch, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braschler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.926931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An injectable meta-biomaterial]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurothreads: Cryogel carrier-based differentiation and delivery of mature neurons in the treatment of Parkinson's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927244v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present in-vivo transplantation of mature dopaminergic neurons by means of macroporous, injectable carriers, to enhance cell therapy in Parkinsons disease. The carriers are synthesized by crosslinking carboxymethylcellulose at subzero temperatures, resulting in cylindrical, highly resilient porous cryogels, which we term Neurothreads. We develop efficient covalent immobilization of the neural adhesion proteins laminin 111, collagen IV and fibronectin, as well as of the extracellular matrix extract Matrigel to the Neurothreads. We observe the highest neural spreading on laminin 111 and Matrigel. We show compatibility with established dopaminergic differentiation of both HS420 human embryonic stem cells and the LUHMES midbrain model cell line. The porous Neurothread carriers withstand compression during minimally invasive stereotactic injection, and ensure viability of mature neurons including extended neurites. Implanted into the striatum in mice, the Neurothreads enable survival of transplanted mature neurons obtained by directed differentiation of the HS420 human embryonic stem cells, as a dense tissue in situ, including dopaminergic cells. With the successful in-vivo transfer of intact, mature and fully open 3D neural networks, we provide a powerful tool to extend established differentiation protocols to higher maturity and to enhance preconfigured neural network transplantation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Filippova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Efremova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preynat-Seauve, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beduer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krause, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braschler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.927244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurothreads: Cryogel carrier-based differentiation and delivery of mature neurons in the treatment of Parkinson's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Highly efficient cardiac differentiation and maintenance by thrombin-coagulated fibrin hydrogels enriched with decellularized porcine heart extracellular matrix 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We provide a blend of cardiac decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) from porcine ventricular tissue and fibrinogen for the formation of an in-vitro 3D cardiac cell culture model. Rapid and specific coagulation with thrombin allows gentle inclusion of cells while avoiding sedimentation during formation of the dECM-fibrin composite. We use the system in co-culture with Nor-10 fibroblasts to enhance cardiogenic differentiation of the H9c2 myoblast cell line. The combination of co-culture and appropriate substrate allows to abrogate the use of retinoids, classically considered necessary for cardiogenic H9c2 differentiation. Further enhancement of differentiation efficiency is obtained by 3D embedding. We then proceed with culture of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes in the 3D system. While for H9c2 cells, the collagen content of the dECM was the key factor required for efficient differentiation, the use of dECM-fibrin has specific advantages regarding the culture of neonatal cardiomyocytes. Calcium imaging and analysis of beating motion both indicate that the dECM-fibrin composite significantly enhances recovery, frequency, synchrony and maintenance of spontaneous beating, as compared to various controls including matrigel, pure fibrin and collagen I, but also a fibrin-collagen I blend.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Navaee, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renaud, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braschler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.927319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Highly efficient cardiac differentiation and maintenance by thrombin-coagulated fibrin hydrogels enriched with decellularized porcine heart extracellular matrix]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.928143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics of tumor microenvironment in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.928143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor samples are conserved in clinical practice in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks. Formalin fixation chemically alters nucleic acids, rendering transcriptomic analysis challenging. RNA-sequencing is usually performed on tumor bulk, without distinction of cell subtypes or location. Here we describe the development of a robust method for RNA extraction and exome-capture RNA-sequencing of laser-capture microdissected tumor cells (TC) and stromal immune cells (TIL) based on their morphology. We applied this method on 7 tumor samples (surgical or core needle biopsy) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) stored in FFPE blocks over 3-10 years. Unsupervised clustering and principal component analysis showed a clear separation between gene-expression profile of TIL and TC. TIL were enriched in markers of B cells (CD79B, PAX5 and BLNK) and T cells (CD2, CD3D and CD8B) whereas tumor cells expressed epithelial markers (EPCAM, MUC1 and KRT8). Microenvironment cell populations-counter (MCP)-counter deconvolution showed an enrichment in adaptive immune cell signatures in microdissected TIL. Transcripts of immune checkpoints were differentially expressed in TIL and TC. We further validated our results by qRT-PCR and multispectral immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, we showed that combining laser-capture microdissection and RNA-sequencing on archived FFPE blocks is feasible and allows spatial transcriptional characterization of tumor microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Romanens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaskar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tille, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liaudet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu-Heimgartner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heimgartner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsantoulis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labidi-Galy, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.928143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial transcriptomics of tumor microenvironment in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Internally generated population activity in cortical networks hinders information transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How neuronal variability impacts neuronal codes is a central question in systems neuroscience, often with complex and model dependent answers. Most population models are parametric, with a tacitly assumed structure of neuronal tuning and population-wide variability. While these models provide key insights, they purposely divorce any mechanistic relationship between trial average and trial variable neuronal activity. By contrast, circuit based models produce activity with response statistics that are reflection of the underlying circuit structure, and thus any relations between trial averaged and trial variable activity are emergent rather than assumed. In this work, we study information transfer in networks of spatially ordered spiking neuron models with strong excitatory and inhibitory interactions, capable of producing rich population-wide neuronal variability. Motivated by work in the visual system we embed a columnar stimulus orientation map in the network and measure the population estimation of an orientated input. We show that the spatial structure of feedforward and recurrent connectivity are critical determinants for population code performance. In particular, when network wiring supports stable firing rate activity then with a sufficiently large number of decoded neurons all available stimulus information is transmitted. However, if the inhibitory projections place network activity in a pattern forming regime then the population-wide dynamics compromise information flow. In total, network connectivity determines both the stimulus tuning as well as internally generated population-wide fluctuations and thereby dictates population code performance in complicated ways where modeling efforts provide essential understanding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doiron, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.932723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Internally generated population activity in cortical networks hinders information transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.941682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High throughput screening identifies SOX2 as a Super Pioneer Factor that inhibits DNA methylation maintenance at its binding sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.941682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Access of mammalian transcription factors (TFs) to regulatory regions, an essential event for transcription regulation, is hindered by chromatin compaction involving nucleosome wrapping, repressive histone modifications and DNA methylation. Moreover, methylation of TF binding sites (TBSs) affects TF binding affinity to these sites. Remarkably, a special class of TFs called pioneer transcription factors (PFs) can access nucleosomal DNA, leading to nucleosome remodelling and chromatin opening. However, whether PFs can bind to methylated sites and induce DNA demethylation is largely unknown.

Here, we set up a highly parallelized approach to investigate PF ability to bind methylated DNA and induce demethylation. Our results indicate that the interdependence between DNA methylation and TF binding is more complex than previously thought, even within a select group of TFs that have a strong pioneering activity; while most PFs do not induce changes in DNA methylation at their binding sites, we identified PFs that can protect DNA from methylation and PFs that can induce DNA demethylation at methylated binding sites. We called the latter "super pioneer transcription factors" (SPFs), as they are seemingly able to overcome several types of repressive epigenetic marks. Importantly, while most SPFs induce TET-dependent active DNA demethylation, SOX2 binding leads to passive demethylation by inhibition of the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 during replication. This important finding suggests a novel mechanism allowing TFs to interfere with the epigenetic memory during DNA replication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vanzan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ythier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francis, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murr, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.941682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High throughput screening identifies SOX2 as a Super Pioneer Factor that inhibits DNA methylation maintenance at its binding sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.941716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.941716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a globally invasive pest and plant virus vector on a wide array of food, fiber and ornamental crops. While there are numerous studies centered on thrips pest and vector biology, feeding behaviors, ecology, and insecticide resistance, the underlying genetic mechanisms of the processes governing these areas of research are largely unknown. To address this gap, we present the F. occidentalis draft genome assembly and official gene set.

ResultsWe report on the first genome sequence for any member of the insect order Thysanoptera. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog (BUSCO) assessments of the genome assembly (size = 415.8 Mb, scaffold N50 = 948.9 Kb) revealed a relatively complete and well-annotated assembly in comparison to other insect genomes. The genome is unusually GC-rich (50%) compared to other insect genomes to date. The official gene set (OGS v1.0) contains 16,859 genes, of which [~]10% were manually verified and corrected by our consortium. We focused on manual annotation, phylogenetic and expression evidence analyses for gene sets centered on primary themes in the life histories and activities of plant-colonizing insects. Highlights include: 1) divergent clades and large expansions in genes associated with environmental sensing (chemosensory receptors) and detoxification (CYP4, CYP6 and CCE enzymes) of substances encountered in agricultural environments; 2) a comprehensive set of salivary gland-associated genes supported by enriched expression; 3) apparent absence of members of the IMD innate immune defense pathway; and 4) developmental- and sex-specific expression analyses of genes associated with progression from larvae to adulthood through neometaboly, a distinct form of maturation compared to complete metamorphosis in the Holometabola.

ConclusionsAnalysis of the F. occidentalis genome offers insights into the polyphagous behavior of this insect pest to find, colonize and survive on a widely diverse array of plants. The genomic resources presented here enable a more complete analysis of insect evolution and biology, providing a missing taxon for contemporary insect genomics-based analyses. Our study also offers a genomic benchmark for molecular and evolutionary investigations of other thysanopteran species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rotenberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumann, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Mahmoud, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christiaens, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermauw, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannidis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, C. G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas Jentzsch, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poelchau, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajarapu, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneweis, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snoeck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taning, C. N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widana-Gamage, S. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, D. S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bejerman, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennings, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosendale, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosselot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hervey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneweis, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simao, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietzgen, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doddapaneni, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muzny, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worley, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.12.941716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.945923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential submergence tolerance between juvenile and adult Arabidopsis plants involves the ANAC017 transcription factor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.945923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants need to attune stress responses to the ongoing developmental programs to maximize their efficacy. For instance, successful submergence adaptation is often associated to a delicate poise between saving resources and their expenditure to activate measures that allow stress avoidance or attenuation. We observed a significant decrease in submergence tolerance associated with aging in Arabidopsis thaliana, with a critical step between two and three weeks of post-germination development. This sensitization to flooding was concomitant with the transition from juvenility to adulthood. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that a group of genes related to ABA and oxidative stress response was more expressed in juvenile plants than in adult ones. These genes are induced by endomembrane tethered ANAC factors that were in turn activated by submergence-associated oxidative stress. A combination of molecular, biochemical and genetic analyses showed that these genes are located in genomic regions that move towards a heterochromatic state with adulthood, as marked by lysine 4 dimethylation of histone H3. We concluded that, while the mechanism of flooding stress perception and signal transduction were unaltered between juvenile and adult phases, the sensitivity that these mechanisms set into action is integrated, via epigenetic regulation, into the developmental programme of the plant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bui, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giorgi, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivellini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perata, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licausi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giuntoli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.12.945923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential submergence tolerance between juvenile and adult Arabidopsis plants involves the ANAC017 transcription factor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.13.947549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global Dynamic Molecular Profiles of Stomatal Lineage Cell Development by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.13.947549v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The regulation of stomatal lineage cell development has been extensively investigated. However a comprehensive characterization of this biological process based on single-cell transcriptome analysis has not yet been reported. Here, we performed RNA-seq on over 12,844 individual cells from the cotyledons of five-day-old Arabidopsis seedlings. We identified 11 cell clusters corresponding mostly to cells at specific stomatal developmental stages with a series of new marker genes. Comparative analysis of genes with the highest variable expression in these cell clusters revealed three transcriptional networks that regulate the development of mesophyll and guard cells, as well as the differentiation from protodermal to guard mother cells. We investigated the developmental dynamics of marker genes via pseudo-time analysis which revealed potential interactions between them. The identification of several novel marker genes suggests new regulatory mechanisms during development of stomatal cell lineage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shangguan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochaix, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.947549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global Dynamic Molecular Profiles of Stomatal Lineage Cell Development by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.928432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A divergent cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complex controls the atypical replication of Plasmodium berghei during gametogony and parasite transmission. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.928432v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell cycle transitions are generally triggered by variation in the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) bound to cyclins. Malaria-causing parasites have a life cycle with unique cell-division cycles, and a repertoire of divergent CDKs and cyclins of poorly understood function and interdependency. We show that Plasmodium berghei CDK-related kinase 5 (CRK5), is a critical regulator of atypical mitosis in the gametogony and is required for mosquito transmission. It phosphorylates canonical CDK motifs of components in the pre-replicative complex and is essential for DNA replication. During a replicative cycle, CRK5 stably interacts with a single Plasmodium-specific cyclin (SOC2), although we obtained no evidence of SOC2 cycling by transcription, translation or degradation. Our results provide evidence that during Plasmodium male gametogony, this divergent cyclin/CDK pair fills the functional space of other eukaryotic cell-cycle kinases controlling DNA replication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balestra, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeeshan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rea, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquarello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klages, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mourier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subudhi, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arboit, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusini, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hainard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.14.928432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A divergent cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complex controls the atypical replication of Plasmodium berghei during gametogony and parasite transmission.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.15.950444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The inner scaffold protects from centriole fracture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.15.950444v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles are characterized by a nine-fold arrangement of long-lived microtubule triplets that are held together by an inner protein scaffold. These structurally robust organelles experience strenuous cellular processes such as cell division or ciliary beating while performing their function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the stability of microtubule triplets, as well as centriole architectural integrity remain poorly understood. Here, using ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) for nanoscale protein mapping, we reveal that POC16 and its human homolog WDR90 are components of the centriolar microtubule wall along the central core region of the centriole. We further found that WDR90 is an evolutionary microtubule associated protein with a predicted structurally homology with the ciliary inner junction protein FAP20. Finally, we demonstrate that WDR90 depletion impairs the localization of inner scaffold components, leading to centriole structural abnormalities in both human and Chlamydomonas cells. Altogether, this work highlights that POC16/WDR90 is a crucial evolutionary conserved molecular player participating in centriole architecture integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steib, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambarotto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olieric, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olieric, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Guennec, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koll, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tassin, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.15.950444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The inner scaffold protects from centriole fracture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.954479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Constitutive activation of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase signaling pathways by BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 chimera 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.954479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Receptor kinases with extracellular leucine-rich repeat domains (LRR-RKs) form the largest group of membrane signaling proteins in plants. LRR-RKs can sense small molecule, peptide or protein ligands, and may be activated by ligand-induced interaction with a shape complementary SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) co-receptor kinase. We have previously shown that SERKs can also form constitutive, ligand-independent complexes with the LRR ectodomains of BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 (BIR3) receptor pseudokinases, negative regulators of LRR-RK signaling. Here we report that receptor chimaera in which the extracellular LRR domain of BIR3 is fused to the cytoplasmic kinase domains of the SERK-dependent LRR-RKs BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1, HAESA and ERECTA form tight complexes with endogenous SERK co-receptors in the absence of ligand stimulus. Expression of these chimaera under the control of the endogenous promoter of the respective LRR-RK leads to strong gain-of-function brassinosteroid, floral abscission and stomatal patterning phenotypes, respectively. Importantly, a BIR3-GSO1/SGN3 chimera can partially complement sgn3 Casparian strip formation phenotypes, suggesting that GSO1/SGN3 receptor activation is also mediated by SERK proteins. Collectively, our protein engineering approach may be used to elucidate the physiological functions of orphan LRR-RKs and to identify their receptor activation mechanism in single transgenic lines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishna, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo-Orts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henschen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barberon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.954479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Constitutive activation of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase signaling pathways by BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 chimera]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.962589v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two alveolin network proteins are essential for the subpellicular microtubules assembly and conoid anchoring to the apical pole of mature Toxoplasma gondii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.962589v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii belongs to the coccidian sub-group of Apicomplexa that possess an apical complex harboring a conoid, made of unique tubulin polymer fibers. This enigmatic and dynamic organelle extrudes in extracellular invasive parasites and is associated to the apical polar ring (APR), a microtubule-organizing center for the 22 subpellicular microtubules (SPMTs). The SPMTs are linked to the Inner Membrane Complex (IMC), a patchwork of flattened vesicles, via an intricate network of small filaments composed of alveolins proteins. Here, we capitalize on super-resolution techniques including stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) to localize the Apical Cap protein 9 (AC9) and its close partner AC10, identified by BioID, to the alveolin network and intercalated between the SPMTs. Conditional depletion of AC9 or AC10 using the Auxin-induced Degron (AiD) system uncovered a severe loss of fitness. Parasites lacking AC9 or AC10 replicate normally but are defective in microneme secretion and hence fail to invade and egress from infected cells. Remarkably, a series of crucial apical complex proteins (MyoH, AKMT, FRM1, CPH1, ICMAP1 and RNG2) are lost in the mature parasites although they are still present in the forming daughter cells. Electron microscopy on intracellular or deoxycholate-extracted parasites revealed that the mature parasite mutants are conoidless. Closer examination of the SPMTs by U-ExM highlighted the disassembly of the SPMTs in the apical cap region that is presumably at the origin of the catastrophic loss of APR and conoid. AC9 and AC10 are two critical components of the alveolin network that ensure the integrity of the whole apical complex in T. gondii and likely other coccidians.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tosetti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dos Santos Pacheco, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertiaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maco, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bournonville, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.25.962589</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two alveolin network proteins are essential for the subpellicular microtubules assembly and conoid anchoring to the apical pole of mature Toxoplasma gondii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.963884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxytocin Acts on Astrocytes in the Central Amygdala to Promote a Positive Emotional State 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.963884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oxytocin orchestrates social and emotional behaviors through modulation of neural circuits in brain structures such as the central amygdala (CeA). The long-standing dogma is that oxytocin signaling in the central nervous system occurs exclusively via direct actions on neurons. However, several findings over the last decades showed that astrocytes actively participate in the modulation of neuronal circuits. Here, we investigate the degree of astrocytes involvement in oxytocin functions. Using astrocyte specific gain and loss of function approaches, we demonstrate that CeA astrocytes not only directly respond to oxytocin, but are actually necessary for its effects on neuronal circuits and ultimately behavior. Our work identifies astrocytes as a crucial cellular substrate underlying the promotion of a positive emotional state by oxytocin. These results further corroborate that astrocytes are key regulators of neuronal circuits activity by responding to specific neuropeptidergic inputs, and opens up new perspectives to understand how neuromodulators gate brain functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wahis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerspern, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Althammer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baudon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagiwara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefevre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boury-Jamot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellanger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abatis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva da Gouveia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benusiglio, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliava, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinstanto, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knobloch-Bollmann, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pertin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inquimbert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitzer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siemens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goumon, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutrel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamy, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stern, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decosterd, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatton, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoop, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poisbeau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grinevich, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charlet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.25.963884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxytocin Acts on Astrocytes in the Central Amygdala to Promote a Positive Emotional State]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.964452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple roles for the ESCRT machinery in maintaining plasma membrane homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.964452v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) execute evolutionary conserved membrane remodeling processes. Here we used budding yeast to explore how the ESCRT machinery contributes to plasma membrane (PM) homeostasis. In response to reduced membrane tension and inhibition of the target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2), ESCRT-III/Vps4 assemblies form at the PM and help to maintain membrane integrity. Conversely, the growth of ESCRT mutants strongly depends on TORC2-mediated homeostatic regulation of sphingolipid (SL) metabolism. This is caused by calcineurin phosphatase activity which causes Orm2 to accumulate at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in ESCRT mutants. Orm2 is a repressor of SL biosynthesis and its accumulation provokes increased membrane stress. This necessitates TORC2 signaling through its downstream kinase Ypk1 to control Orm2 protein levels and prevent a detrimental imbalance of SL metabolism. Our findings reveal new aspects of antagonistic calcineurin/TORC2 signaling for the regulation of SL biosynthesis and the maintenance of PM homeostasis, and suggest that the ESCRT machinery contributes directly and indirectly to these processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weyer, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprenger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widerin, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eising, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumann, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefan, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froehlich, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.25.964452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple roles for the ESCRT machinery in maintaining plasma membrane homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.973719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low expression of ANT1 confers oncogenic properties to rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells via modulating metabolism and death pathways. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.973719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequent form of pediatric soft-tissue sarcoma. It is divided into 2 main subtypes: ERMS (embryonal) and ARMS (alveolar). Current treatments are based on chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. 5-year survival rate remains of 70% since 2000, despite several clinical trials.

RMS cells are thought to derive from muscle lineage precursors. During development, myogenesis is characterized by primary expansion of myoblasts, elimination of those in excess by cell death and the differentiation of the remaining ones into myotubes and myofibers. The idea that these processes could be hijacked by tumor cells to sustain their oncogenic transformation has emerged, while RMS is being considered as the Mister Hydes side of myogenesis. Thus, focusing on myogenic developmental programs could help understanding RMS molecular aetiology.

Following this idea, we decided to concentrate on ANT1, which is involved in myogenesis and is the underlying cause of genetic disorders associated with muscle degeneration. ANT1 is a mitochondrial protein, which has a functional duality, as it is involved both in metabolism via regulation of ATP/ADP release from mitochondria, but also in apoptosis as part as the mitochondria Permeability Transition Pore (mPTP). By bioinformatic analysis of transcriptomic datasets, we observed that ANT1 is expressed at low levels in RMS. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we showed that decreased ANT1 expression confers selective advantages to RMS cells in terms of proliferation and resistance to stress-induced death. These effects result notably from a metabolic switch. Restoration of ANT1 expression using a Tet-On system is sufficient to prime tumor cells to death and to increase their sensitivity to chemotherapies. Thus, modulation of ANT1 activity could appear as an appealing therapeutic approach in RMS management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vial, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huchede, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagault, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basset, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geoffray, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisaccia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creveaux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neves, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fauvelle, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castets, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castets, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.973719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low expression of ANT1 confers oncogenic properties to rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells via modulating metabolism and death pathways.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.977470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The polymorphism of Hydra satellite sequences provides strain-specific signatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.977470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydra are freshwater polyps widely studied for their amazing regenerative capacity, adult stem cell populations, low senescence and value as ecotoxicological marker. Many wild-type strains of H. vulgaris have been collected worldwide and maintained effectively under laboratory conditions by asexual reproduction, while stable transgenic lines have been continuously produced since 2006. Efforts are now needed to ensure the genetic characterization of all these strains, which despite similar morphologies, show significant variability in their response to gene expression silencing procedures, pharmacological treatments or environmental conditions. Here, we established a rapid and reliable procedure at the single polyp level to produce via PCR amplification of three distinct microsatellite sequences molecular signatures that clearly distinguish between Hydra strains and species. The TG-rich region of an uncharacterized gene (ms-c25145) helps to distinguish between Eurasian H. vulgaris strains (Hm-105, Basel1, Basel2 and reg-16), between Eurasian and North American H. vulgaris strains (H. carnea, AEP), and between the H. vulgaris and H. oligactis species. The AT-rich microsatellite sequences located in the AIP gene (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interaction Protein, ms-AIP) also differ between Eurasian and North American H. vulgaris strains. Finally, the AT-rich microsatellite located in the Myb-Like cyclin D-binding transcription factor1 gene (ms-DMTF1) gene helps to distinguish certain transgenic AEP lines. This study shows that the analysis of microsatellite sequences provides a barcoding tool that is sensitive and robust for the identification of Hydra strains. It is also capable of identifying cryptic species by tracing microevolutionary events within the genus Hydra.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galliot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenkelaars, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Cortez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perruchoud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.04.977470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The polymorphism of Hydra satellite sequences provides strain-specific signatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.981076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autoregulation clamps the synaptic membrane-remodeling machinery and promotes productive actin-dependent endocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.981076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synaptic membrane-remodeling events such as endocytosis require force-generating actin assembly. The endocytic machinery that regulates these actin and membrane dynamics localizes at high concentrations to large areas of the presynaptic membrane, but actin assembly and productive endocytosis are far more restricted in space and time. Here we describe a mechanism whereby autoinhibition clamps the presynaptic endocytic machinery to limit actin assembly to discrete functional events. We found that collective interactions between the Drosophila endocytic proteins Nwk/FCHSD2, Dap160/Intersectin, and WASp relieve Nwk autoinhibition and promote robust membrane-coupled actin assembly in vitro. Using automated particle tracking to quantify synaptic actin dynamics in vivo, we discovered that Nwk-Dap160 interactions constrain spurious assembly of WASp-dependent actin structures. These interactions also promote synaptic endocytosis, suggesting that autoinhibition both clamps and primes the synaptic endocytic machinery, thereby constraining actin assembly to drive productive membrane remodeling in response to physiological cues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Del Signore, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messelaar, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchan, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mund, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodal, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.06.981076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autoregulation clamps the synaptic membrane-remodeling machinery and promotes productive actin-dependent endocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.984351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unravelling the phylogenomic relationships of the most diverse African palm genus Raphia (Calamoideae, Arecaceae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.984351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Palms are conspicuous floristic elements across the tropics. In continental Africa, even though there are less than 70 documented species, they are omnipresent across the tropical landscape. The genus Raphia has 20 accepted species in Africa and one species endemic to the Neotropics. It is the most economically important genus of African palms with most of its species producing food and construction material. Raphia is divided into five sections based on inflorescence morphology. Nevertheless, the taxonomy of Raphia is problematic with no intra-generic phylogenetic study available. We present a phylogenetic study of the genus using a targeted exon capture approach sequencing of 56 individuals representing 18 out of the 21 species. Our results recovered five well supported clades within the genus. Three sections correspond to those based on inflorescence morphology. R. regalis is strongly supported as sister to all other Raphia species and is placed into a newly described section: Erectae. Overall, morphological based identifications agreed well with our phylogenetic analyses, with 12 species recovered as monophyletic based on our sampling. Species delimitation analyses recovered 17 or 23 species depending on the confidence level used. Species delimitation is especially problematic in the Raphiate and Temulentae sections. In addition, our clustering analysis using SNP data suggested that individual clusters matched geographic distribution. The Neotropical species R. taedigera is supported as a distinct species, rejecting the hypothesis of a recent introduction into South America. Our analyses support the hypothesis that the Raphia individuals from Madagascar are potentially a distinct species different from the widely distributed R. farinifera. In conclusion, our results support the infra generic classification of Raphia based on inflorescence morphology, which is shown to be phylogenetically useful. Classification and species delimitation within sections remains problematic even with our phylogenomic approach. Certain widely distributed species could potentially contain cryptic species. More in-depth studies should be undertaken using morphometrics, increased sampling and more variable markers. Our study provides a robust phylogenomic framework that enables further investigation on the biogeographic history, morphological evolution and other eco-evolutionary aspects of this charismatic, socially and economically important palm genus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Helmstetter, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bethune, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lautenschlaeger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacon, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stauffer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couvreur, T. L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.984351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unravelling the phylogenomic relationships of the most diverse African palm genus Raphia (Calamoideae, Arecaceae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.988923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular resolution imaging by post-labeling expansion single molecule localization microscopy (Ex-SMLM) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.988923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables super-resolution fluorescence imaging of physically expanded biological samples with conventional microscopes. By combining expansion microscopy (ExM) with single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) it is potentially possible to approach the resolution of electron microscopy. However, current attempts to combine both methods remained challenging because of protein and fluorophore loss during digestion or denaturation, gelation, and the incompatibility of expanded polyelectrolyte hydrogels with photoswitching buffers. Here we show that re-embedding of expanded hydrogels enables dSTORM imaging of expanded samples and demonstrate that post-labeling ExM resolves the current limitations of super-resolution microscopy. Using microtubules as a reference structure and centrioles, we demonstrate that post-labeling Ex-SMLM preserves ultrastructural details, improves the labeling efficiency and reduces the positional error arising from linking fluorophores into the gel thus paving the way for super-resolution imaging of immunolabeled endogenous proteins with true molecular resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zwettler, F. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinhard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambarotto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, T. D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.12.988923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular resolution imaging by post-labeling expansion single molecule localization microscopy (Ex-SMLM)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.15.989483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased random exploration in schizophrenia is associated with inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.15.989483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One aspect of goal-directed behavior, which is known to be impaired in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), is balancing between exploiting a familiar choice with known reward value and exploring a lesser known but potentially more rewarding option. Despite its relevance to several symptom domains of SZ, this has received little attention in SZ research. In addition, while there is increasing evidence that SZ is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, few studies have investigated how this relates to specific behaviors, such as balancing exploration and exploitation. We therefore assessed behaviors underlying the exploration-exploitation trade-off using a three-armed bandit task in 45 patients with SZ and 19 healthy controls (HC). This task allowed us to dissociate goal-unrelated (random) from goal-related (directed) exploration and correlate them with psychopathological symptoms. Moreover, we assessed a broad range of inflammatory proteins in the blood and related them to bandit task behavior. We found that, compared to HC, patients with SZ showed reduced task performance. This impairment was due to a shift from exploitation to random exploration, which was associated with symptoms of disorganization. Relative to HC, patients with SZ showed a pro-inflammatory blood profile. Furthermore, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) positively correlated with random exploration, but not with directed exploration or exploitation. In conclusion, we show that low-grade inflammation in patients with SZ is associated with random exploration, which can be considered a behavioral marker for disorganization. CRP may constitute a marker for severity of, and a potential treatment target for maladaptive exploratory behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cathomas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guetter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raja Beharelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiller, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlegel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seifritz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann-Riemer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobler, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.15.989483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased random exploration in schizophrenia is associated with inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.16.994376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbial contaminants cataloged as novel human sequences in recent human pan-genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.16.994376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human pan-genome studies offer the opportunity to identify human non-reference sequences (NRSs) which are, by definition, not represented in the reference human genome (GRCh38). NRSs serve as useful catalogues of genetic variation for population and disease studies and while the majority consists of repetitive elements, a substantial fraction is made of non-repetitive, non-reference (NRNR) sequences. The presence of non-human sequences in these catalogues can inflate the number of "novel" human sequences, overestimate the genetic differentiation among populations, and jeopardize subsequent analyses that rely on these resources. We uncovered almost 2,000 contaminant sequences of microbial origin in NRNR sequences from recent human pan-genome studies. The contaminant contigs (3,501,302 bp) harbour genes totalling 4,720 predicted proteins (>40 aa). The major sources of contamination are related to Rhyzobiales, Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales and Lactobacillales, which may have been associated with the original samples or introduced later during sequencing experiments. We additionally observed that the majority of human novel protein-coding genes described in one of the studies entirely overlap repetitive regions and are likely to be false positive predictions. We report here the list of contaminant sequences in three recent human pan-genome catalogues and discuss strategies to increase decontamination efficacy for current and future pan-genome studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.994376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbial contaminants cataloged as novel human sequences in recent human pan-genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.18.996678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-Toxic Virucidal Macromolecules Show High Efficacy Against Influenza Virus Ex Vivo and In Vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.18.996678v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza is one of the most widespread viral infections worldwide and represents a major public health problem. The risk that one of the next pandemics is caused by an influenza strain is very high. It is very important to develop broad-spectrum influenza antivirals to be ready for any possible vaccine shortcomings. Anti-influenza drugs are available but they are far from ideal. Arguably, an ideal antiviral should target conserved viral domains and be virucidal, i.e. irreversibly inhibit viral infectivity. Here, we describe a new class of broad-spectrum anti-influenza macromolecules that meets these criteria and displays exceedingly low toxicity. These compounds are based on a cyclodextrin core modified on its primary face with long hydrophobic linkers terminated in 6sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (6SLN) or 3SLN. SLN enables nanomolar inhibition of the viruses while the hydrophobic linkers confer irreversibility to the inhibition. The combination of these two properties allows for efficacy in vitro against several human or avian influenza strains, as well as against a 2009 pandemic influenza strain ex vivo. Importantly, we show that, in mice, the compounds provide therapeutic efficacy when administered 24h post-infection allowing 90% survival as opposed to no survival for the placebo and oseltamivir..
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kocabiyik, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cagno, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedano, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhide, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mettier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medaglia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da Costa, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Constant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinrichs, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huckriede, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Goffic, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapparel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stellacci, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.18.996678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-Toxic Virucidal Macromolecules Show High Efficacy Against Influenza Virus Ex Vivo and In Vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.23.002998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A transient decrease in mitochondrial activity is required to establish the ganglion cell fate in retina adapted for high acuity vision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.23.002998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the plan of the retina is well conserved in vertebrates, there are considerable variations in cell type diversity and number, as well as in the organization and properties of the tissue. The high ratios of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to cones in primate fovea and bird retinas favor neural circuits essential for high visual acuity and color vision. The role that cell metabolism could play in cell fate decision during embryonic development of the nervous system is still largely unknown. Here, we describe how subtle changes of mitochondrial activity along the pathway converting uncommitted progenitors into newborn RGCs increase the recruitment of RGC-fated progenitors. ATOH7, a proneural protein dedicated to the production of RGCs in vertebrates, activates transcription of the Hes5.3 gene in pre-committed progenitors. The HES5.3 protein, in turn, regulates a transient decrease in mitochondrial activity via the retinoic acid signaling pathway few hours before cell commitment. This metabolic shift lengthens the progression of the ultimate cell cycle and is a necessary step for upregulating Atoh7 and promoting RGC differentiation.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brodier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matter-Sadzinski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matter, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.23.002998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A transient decrease in mitochondrial activity is required to establish the ganglion cell fate in retina adapted for high acuity vision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.013268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 receptor and entry genes are expressed by sustentacular cells in the human olfactory neuroepithelium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.013268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Various reports indicate an association between COVID-19 and anosmia, suggesting an infection of the olfactory sensory epithelium, and thus a possible direct virus access to the brain. To test this hypothesis, we generated RNA-seq libraries from human olfactory neuroepithelia, in which we found substantial expression of the genes coding for the virus receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), and for the virus internalization enhancer TMPRSS2. We analyzed a human olfactory single-cell RNA-seq dataset and determined that sustentacular cells, which maintain the integrity of olfactory sensory neurons, express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We then observed that the ACE2 protein was highly expressed in a subset of sustentacular cells in human and mouse olfactory tissues. Finally, we found ACE2 transcripts in specific brain cell types, both in mice and humans. Sustentacular cells thus represent a potential entry door for SARS-CoV-2 in a neuronal sensory system that is in direct connection with the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fodoulian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuberosa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.013268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 receptor and entry genes are expressed by sustentacular cells in the human olfactory neuroepithelium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.042770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective enhancement of low-gamma activity by tACS improves phonemic processing and reading accuracy in dyslexia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.042770v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phonological deficit in dyslexia is associated with altered low-gamma oscillatory function in left auditory cortex, but a causal relationship between oscillatory function and phonemic processing has never been established. After confirming a deficit at 30 Hz with electroencephalography (EEG), we applied 20 minutes of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to transiently restore this activity in adults with dyslexia. The intervention significantly improved phonological processing and reading accuracy as measured immediately after tACS. The effect was selective to 30 Hz stimulation, and proportional to dyslexia severity. Importantly, we observed that the focal intervention on the left auditory cortex also decreased 30 Hz activity in the right superior temporal cortex, resulting in reinstating a left dominance for the oscillatory response, as present in controls. These findings formally establish a causal role of neural oscillations in phonological processing, and offer solid neurophysiological grounds for a potential correction of low-gamma anomalies, and for alleviating of the phonological deficit in dyslexia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marchesotti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merlet, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnal, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.15.042770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective enhancement of low-gamma activity by tACS improves phonemic processing and reading accuracy in dyslexia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leigh Syndrome-inducing Mutations Affect LRPPRC / SLIRP Complex Formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are essential organelles carrying their own genetic information which require specific gene expression processes. The leucine rich pentatricopeptide protein (LRPPRC) and its partner the SRA stem-loop interacting RNA binding protein (SLIRP) form a stable complex implicated in mRNA stability and polyadenylation. LRPPRC/SLIRP complex formation is still poorly characterized. We demonstrate that SLIRP interacts with the N-terminal region of LRPPRC in a RNA independent manner. We further show that the complex is stable in presence of high salt concentration. Point mutation and deletions found in the LRPPRC protein and responsible for the French-Canadian Leigh Syndrome (LSFC) are shown to affect complex formation in vitro. Our data are identifying the key region of LRPPRC involved in SLIRP association and showing the direct consequence of various LSFC mutations on the complex formation. Further experiments aiming at deciphering LRPPRC/SLIRP function(s) in vivo will benefit from our functional domain characterization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coquille, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thore, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.044412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leigh Syndrome-inducing Mutations Affect LRPPRC / SLIRP Complex Formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.053322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sorcin stimulates Activation Transcription Factor 6α (ATF6) transcriptional activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.053322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Levels of the transcription factor ATF6, a key mediator of the unfolded protein response, that provides cellular protection during the progression endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, are markedly reduced in the pancreatic islet of patients with type 2 diabetes and in rodent models of the disease, including ob/ob and high fat-fed mice. Sorcin (gene name SRI) is a calcium (Ca2+) binding protein involved in maintaining ER Ca2+ homeostasis.

We have previously shown that overexpressing sorcin under the rat insulin promoter in transgenic mice was protective against high fat diet-induced pancreatic beta cell dysfunction, namely preserving intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during lipotoxic stress. Additionally, sorcin overexpression was apparently activating ATF6 signalling in MIN6 cells despite lowering ER stress.

Here, in order to investigate further the relationship between sorcin and ATF6, we describe changes in sorcin expression during ER and lipotoxic stress and changes in ATF6 signalling after sorcin overexpression or inactivation, both in excitable and non-excitable cells.

Sorcin mRNA levels were significantly increased in response to the ER stress-inducing agents thapsigargin and tunicamycin, but not by palmitate. On the contrary, palmitate caused a significant decrease in sorcin expression as assessed by both qRT-PCR and Western blotting despite inducing ER stress. Moreover, palmitate prevented the increase in sorcin expression induced by thapsigargin. In addition, sorcin overexpression significantly increased ATF6 transcriptional activity, whereas sorcin inactivation decreased ATF6 signalling. Finally, sorcin overexpression increased levels of ATF6 immunoreactivity and FRET imaging experiments following ER stress induction by thapsigargin showed a direct sorcin-ATF6 interaction.

Altogether, our data suggest that sorcin down-regulation during lipotoxicity may prevent full ATF6 activation and a normal UPR during the progression of obesity and insulin resistance, contributing to beta cell failure and type 2 diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parks, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez Awuapura, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayathamattam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabosseau, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosco, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalvakolanu, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdivia, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutter, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leclerc, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.23.053322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sorcin stimulates Activation Transcription Factor 6α (ATF6) transcriptional activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.065474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-reported sleep problems are related to cortical thinning in aging but not memory decline and amyloid-β accumulation - results from the Lifebrain consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.065474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundOlder persons with poor sleep are more likely to develop neurodegenerative disease, but the causality underlying this association is unclear. To move towards explanation, we examine whether sleep quality and quantity are similarly associated with brain changes across the adult lifespan.

MethodsAssociations between self-reported sleep parameters (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index;PSQI) and longitudinal cortical change were tested using five samples from the Lifebrain consortium (n=2205, 4363 MRIs, 18-92 years). Analyses were augmented by considering episodic memory change, gene expression from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, and amyloid-beta (A{beta}) accumulation (n=1980).

ResultsPSQI components sleep problems and low sleep quality were related to thinning of the right lateral temporal cortex. The association with sleep problems emerged after 60 years, especially in regions with high expression of genes related to oligodendrocytes and S1 pyramidal neurons. BMI and symptoms of depression had negligible effects. Sleep problems were neither related to longitudinal change in episodic memory function nor to A{beta} accumulation, suggesting that sleep-related cortical changes were independent of AD neuropathology and cognitive decline.

ConclusionWorse self-reported sleep in later adulthood was associated with more cortical thinning in regions of high expression of genes related to oligodendrocytes and S1 pyramidal neurons, but not to A{beta} accumulation or memory decline. The relationship to cortical brain change suggests that self-reported sleep parameters are relevant in lifespan studies, but small effect sizes, except for a few restricted regions, indicate that self-reported sleep is not a good biomarker of general cortical degeneration in healthy older adults.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fjell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amlien, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartres-Faz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandmaier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchmann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demuth, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drevon, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duzel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebmeier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghisletta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idland, A.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kietzmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kievit, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindenberger, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnussen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowinckel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sexton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sole-Padulles, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pudas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal-Pineiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sederevicius, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watne, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westerhausen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zsoldos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walhovd, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.065474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-reported sleep problems are related to cortical thinning in aging but not memory decline and amyloid-β accumulation - results from the Lifebrain consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.075804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spontaneous network coupling enables efficient task performance without local task-induced activations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.075804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurobehavioral studies in humans have long concentrated on changes in local activity levels during repetitive executions of a task. Spontaneous neural coupling within extended networks has latterly been found to also influence performance. Here, we intend to uncover the underlying mechanisms and the interaction with task-induced activations. We demonstrate that high performers in visual perception and motor sequence tasks present an absence of classical task-induced activations, but, instead, strong spontaneous network coupling. Activations were thus a compensation mechanism needed only in subjects with lower spontaneous network interactions. This challenges classical models of neural processing and calls for new strategies in attempts to train and enhance performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allaman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mottaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinschmidt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggisberg, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.075804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spontaneous network coupling enables efficient task performance without local task-induced activations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.077081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell immune repertoire and transcriptome sequencing reveals that clonally expanded and transcriptionally distinct lymphocytes populate the aged central nervous system in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.077081v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role during ageing and various neurological conditions, including Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis and infection. Technical limitations, however, have prevented an integrative analysis of how lymphocyte immune receptor repertoires and their accompanying transcriptional states change with age in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we leveraged single-cell sequencing to simultaneously profile B cell receptor (BCR) and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires and accompanying gene expression profiles in young and old mouse brains. We observed the presence of clonally expanded B and T cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of aged mice. Furthermore, many of these B cells were of the IgM and IgD isotype and had low levels of somatic hypermutation. Integrating gene expression information additionally revealed distinct transcriptional profiles of these clonally expanded lymphocytes. Our findings implicate that clonally related T and B cells in the CNS of elderly mice may contribute to neuroinflammation accompanying homeostatic ageing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yermanos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumeier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borsa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waindok, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oxenius, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.077081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell immune repertoire and transcriptome sequencing reveals that clonally expanded and transcriptionally distinct lymphocytes populate the aged central nervous system in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.084103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AI334 and AQ806 antibodies recognize the spike S protein from SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.084103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We tested 10 recombinant antibodies directed against the spike S protein from SARS-CoV-1. Among them, antibodies AI334 and AQ806 detect by ELISA the spike S protein from SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lima, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.08.084103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AI334 and AQ806 antibodies recognize the spike S protein from SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.091900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Naturally acquired blocking human monoclonal antibodies to Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein 2b 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.091900v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasmodium vivax preferentially invades reticulocytes and recognition of these cells is mediated by P. vivax Reticulocyte Binding Protein 2b (PvRBP2b) binding to human Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and Transferrin (Tf). Longitudinal cohort studies in Papua New Guinea, Thailand and Brazil show that PvRBP2b antibodies are correlated with protection against P. vivax infection and disease. Here, we isolated and characterized anti-PvRBP2b human monoclonal antibodies from two individuals in Cambodia with natural P. vivax infection. These antibodies bind with high affinities and map to different regions of PvRBP2b. Several human antibodies blocked PvRBP2b binding to reticulocytes and inhibited complex formation with human TfR1-Tf. We describe different structural mechanisms for functional inhibition, including either steric hindrance with TfR1-Tf or the reticulocyte membrane. These results show that naturally acquired human antibodies against PvRBP2b can inhibit its function which is important for P. vivax invasion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandhirajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carias, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietrich, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visentin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franca, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tham, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.12.091900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Naturally acquired blocking human monoclonal antibodies to Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein 2b]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.092668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Achieving High-Resolution Whole-Brain Slab 1H-MRSI with Compressed-Sensing and Low-Rank Reconstruction at 7 Tesla 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.092668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Low sensitivity MR techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) greatly benefit from the gain in signal-to-noise (SNR) provided by ultra-high field MR. High-resolution and whole-brain slab MRSI remains however very challenging due to lengthy acquisition, low signal, lipid contamination and field inhomogeneity. In this study, we propose an acquisition-reconstruction scheme that combines a 1H-FID-MRSI sequence with compressed sensing acceleration and low-rank modeling with total-generalized-variation constraint to achieve metabolite imaging in two and three dimensions at 7 Tesla. The resulting images and volumes reveal highly detailed distributions that are specific to each metabolite and follow the underlying brain anatomy. The MRSI method was validated in a high-resolution phantom containing fine metabolite structures, and in 3 healthy volunteers. This new application of compressed sensing acceleration paves the way for high-resolution MRSI in clinical setting with acquisition times of 5 min for 2D MRSI at 2.5 mm and of 20 min for 3D MRSI at 3.3 mm isotropic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klauser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strasser, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thapa, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazeyras, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andronesi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.092668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Achieving High-Resolution Whole-Brain Slab 1H-MRSI with Compressed-Sensing and Low-Rank Reconstruction at 7 Tesla]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.095364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cingulin unfolds ZO-1 and organizes myosin-2B and gamma-actin to mechanoregulate apical and tight junction membranes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.095364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How junctional proteins regulate the mechanics of the plasma membrane and how actin and myosin isoforms are selectively localized at epithelial cell-cell junctions is poorly understood. Here we show by atomic force indentation microscopy, immunofluorescence analysis and FLIM membrane tension imaging that the tight junction (TJ) protein cingulin maintains apical surface stiffness and TJ membrane tortuosity and down-regulates apico-lateral membrane tension in MDCK cells. KO of cingulin in MDCK, mCCD and Eph4 cells results in a decrease in the juxta-membrane accumulation of labeling for cytoplasmic myosin-2B (NM2B), {gamma}-actin, phalloidin and ARHGEF18, but no detectable effect on myosin-2A (NM2A) and {beta}-actin. Loss of paracingulin leads to weaker mechanical phenotypes in MDCK cells, correlating with no detectable effect on the junctional accumulation of myosins and actins. Cingulin and paracingulin form biomolecular condensates, bind to the ZU5 domain of ZO-1, and are recruited as clients into ZO-1 condensates in a ZU5-dependent manner. Cingulin binding to ZO-1 promotes the unfolding of ZO-1, as determined by interaction with DbpA in cells lacking ZO-2 and in vitro. Cingulin promotes the accumulation of a pool of ZO-1 at the TJ and is required in a ZU5-dependent manner for the recruitment of phalloidin-labelled actin filaments into ZO-1 condensates, suggesting that ZU5-cingulin interaction promotes ZO-1 interaction with actin filaments. Our results indicate that cingulin tethers the juxta-membrane and apical branched {gamma}-actin-NM2B network to TJ to modulate ZO-1 conformation and the TJ assembly of a pool of ZO-1 and fine-tune the distribution of forces to apical and TJ membranes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vasileva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouaud, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spadaro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flinois, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaponnier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sluysmans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mean, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jond, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Citi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.095364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cingulin unfolds ZO-1 and organizes myosin-2B and gamma-actin to mechanoregulate apical and tight junction membranes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.096669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tannic cell walls form a continuous apoplastic barrier sustaining Arabidopsis seed coat biophysical properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.096669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seeds are a late land plant evolution innovation that promoted the striking spread and diversity of angiosperms. The seed coat is a specialized dead tissue protecting the plant embryo from mechanical damage. In many species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, the seed coat also achieves a remarkable balancing act: it limits oxygen uptake, avoiding premature embryo oxidative damage, but not entirely so as to enable seed dormancy release. The seed coat biophysical features implementing the striking physiological properties of the seed remain poorly understood. Tannins, a type of flavonoids, are antioxidants known to accumulate in the Arabidopsis seed coat and transparent testa (tt) mutant seeds, deficient in flavonoid synthesis, exhibit low dormancy and viability. However, their precise contribution to seed coat architecture and biophysics remains evasive. A seed coat cuticle, covering the endosperm outer surface was, intriguingly, previously shown to be more permeable in tt mutants deficient not in cuticular component synthesis, but rather in flavonoid synthesis. Investigating the role of flavonoids in cuticle permeability led us to identify cell walls, originating from the seed coat inner integument 1 cells, impregnated with tannins. We found that tannic cell walls are tightly associated with the cuticle, forming two fused layers that regulate endosperm permeability. In addition, we show that tannic cell walls are prominent building blocks of the seed coat, constituting a continuous barrier around the seed living tissues. Altogether our findings reveal the existence of tannic cell walls as a previously unrecognized biological barrier sustaining the seeds key physiological properties.

One sentence summaryThe seed coat is largely composed of plant cell walls impregnated with tannins, forming a thick and continuous protective barrier surrounding the embryo promoting seed viability and dormancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demonsais, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utz-Pugin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loubery, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Molina, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.096669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tannic cell walls form a continuous apoplastic barrier sustaining Arabidopsis seed coat biophysical properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.101618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole-Brain High-Resolution Metabolite Mapping with 3D Compressed-Sensing-SENSE-LowRank 1H FID-MRSI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.101618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is a growing interest in the neuroscience community to map the distribution of brain metabolites in vivo. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is often limited by either a poor spatial resolution and/or a long acquisition time which severely limits its applications for clinical or research purposes. Building on a recently developed technique of acquisition-reconstruction for 2D MRSI, we combined fast Cartesian 1H-FID-MRSI acquisition sequence, compressed-sensing acceleration, and low-rank total-generalized-variation constrained reconstruction to produce 3D high-resolution whole-brain MRSI with a significant acquisition time reduction. We first evaluated the acceleration performance using retrospective undersampling of a fully-sampled dataset. Second, a 20 min accelerated MRSI acquisition was performed on the brain of three healthy volunteers resulting in metabolite maps with 5 mm isotropic resolution. The metabolite maps exhibited the detailed neurochemical composition of all brain regions and revealed parts of the underlying brain anatomy. The latter assessment used previous reported knowledge and a brain atlas-based analysis to show consistency of the concentration contrasts and ratio across all brain regions. These results acquired on a clinical 3 Tesla MRI successful combinae of the 3D 1H-FID-MRSI with a constrained reconstruction to produce detailed mapping of metabolite concentrations at high-resolution over the whole brain, with an acquisition time suitable for clinical or research settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klauser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klauser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grouiller, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courvoisier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazeyras, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.18.101618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole-Brain High-Resolution Metabolite Mapping with 3D Compressed-Sensing-SENSE-LowRank 1H FID-MRSI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.20.106526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An unconventional cerebrospinal fluid-derived Semaphorin-signalling regulates apical progenitor dynamics in the developing neocortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.20.106526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the embryonic brain, dynamic regulation of apical adhesion is fundamental to generate correct numbers and identity of precursors and neurons. Radial glial cells (RGC) in the cerebral cortex are tightly attached to adjacent neighbours. However, cells committed to differentiate reduce their adhesiveness to detach and settle at distal position from the apical border. Whether diffusible signals delivered from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contribute to the regulation of apical adhesion dynamics remain fully unknown. Here we report that unconventional pre-formed complexes of class3-Semaphorins (Sema) and Neuropilins (Nrp) are released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from sources including the choroid plexus. Through analysis of mutant mouse models and various ex vivo assays, we propose that two different complexes, Sema3B/Nrp2 and Sema3F/Nrp1, bind to apical endfeet of RGCs, and exert dual regulation of their attachment, nuclei dynamics, that oppositely promotes or inhibits basal progenitor and neuron differentiation. This reveals unexpected contributions of CSF-delivered guidance molecules during cortical development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>GERSTMANN, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KINDBEITER, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TELLEY, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BOZON, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHAROY, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>JABAUDON, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MORET, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CASTELLANI, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.20.106526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An unconventional cerebrospinal fluid-derived Semaphorin-signalling regulates apical progenitor dynamics in the developing neocortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.118851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine neurons of the VTA encode active conspecific interaction and promote social learning through social reward prediction error. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.118851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social interactions motivate behavior in many species, facilitating learning, foraging and cooperative behavior. However, how the brain encodes the reinforcing properties of social interactions remains elusive. Here using in vivo recording in freely moving mice, we show that Dopamine (DA) neurons of the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) increase their activity during active interactions with unfamiliar conspecific. Using a social instrumental task, we then show that VTA DA neuron activity signals social reward prediction error and drives social reinforcement learning. Thereby, our findings propose that VTA DA neurons are a neural substrate for a social learning signal driving motivated behavior.

One Sentence SummaryDA neurons are a substrate for social reward learning through the Social Reward Prediction Error.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prevost-Solie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Righetti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapparel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.27.118851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine neurons of the VTA encode active conspecific interaction and promote social learning through social reward prediction error.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.28.118398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Compensatory ion transport buffers daily protein rhythms to regulate osmotic balance and cellular physiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.28.118398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Between 6-20% of the cellular proteome is under circadian control to tune cell function with cycles of environmental change. For cell viability, and to maintain volume within narrow limits, the osmotic pressure exerted by changes in the soluble proteome must be compensated. The mechanisms and consequences underlying compensation are not known. Here, we show in cultured mammalian cells and in vivo that compensation requires electroneutral active transport of Na+, K+, and Cl- through differential activity of SLC12A family cotransporters. In cardiomyocytes ex vivo and in vivo, compensatory ion fluxes alter their electrical activity at different times of the day. Perturbation of soluble protein abundance has commensurate effects on ion composition and cellular function across the circadian cycle. Thus, circadian regulation of the proteome impacts ion homeostasis with substantial consequences for the physiology of electrically active cells such as cardiomyocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stangherlin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, D. C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbiero, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seinkmane, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beale, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayter, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inglis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolami, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lequeux, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pons, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Ooijen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voorhees, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bechtold, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derivery, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edgar, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newham, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.28.118398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Compensatory ion transport buffers daily protein rhythms to regulate osmotic balance and cellular physiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.31.124941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of microglial dynamics by Arp2/3 and the autism and schizophrenia-associated protein Cyfip1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.31.124941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglia use a highly complex and dynamic network of processes to sense and respond to their surroundings. Microglial dynamics differ throughout development and in neurological and neuropsychiatric disease, though mechanistic insight into these changes is lacking. Here we identify novel roles for regulators of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling microglial behaviour. We show that the actin branching complex Arp2/3 is critical for maintaining microglial morphology and required for surveillance but not chemotactic motility. Neuropsychiatric disease-associated Cyfip1, a core component of the WAVE regulatory complex that links Rac1 signalling to Arp2/3 activation, is highly expressed in microglia but has unknown function. We report that conditional deletion of Cyfip1 in mouse microglia reduces morphological complexity and surveillance of brain parenchyma, and increases activation state as defined by CD68 expression. Thus, altered actin-dependent microglial dynamics mediated by Cyfip1 and Arp2/3 may contribute to neuropsychiatric disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Drew, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arancibia-Carcamo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolivet, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Domenech, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attwell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kittler, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.31.124941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of microglial dynamics by Arp2/3 and the autism and schizophrenia-associated protein Cyfip1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.31.125633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TMEM106B and CPOX are genetic determinants of cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarker levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.31.125633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundNeurofilament light (NF-L), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), and neurogranin (Ng) are utilized as biomarkers for Alzheimers disease (AD), to monitor axonal damage, astroglial activation, and synaptic degeneration, respectively. Here we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses using all three biomarkers as outcome.

MethodsDNA and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples originated from the European Medical Information Framework AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) study. Overlapping genotype/phenotype data were available for n=671 (NF-L), 677 (YKL-40), and 672 (Ng) individuals. GWAS analyses applied linear regression models adjusting for relevant covariates.

FindingsWe identify novel genome-wide significant associations with markers in TMEM106B and CSF levels of NF-L. Additional novel signals were observed with DNA variants in CPOX and CSF levels of YKL-40. Lastly, we confirmed previous work suggesting that YKL-40 levels are regulated by cis protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) in CHI3L1.

InterpretationOur study provides important new insights into the genetic architecture underlying inter-individual variation in all three tested AD-related CSF biomarkers. In particular, our data shed light on the sequence of events regarding the initiation and progression of neuropathological processes relevant in AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobricic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bos, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vos, S. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prokopenko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tijms, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreasson, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blennow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenberghe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheltens, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teunissen, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelborghs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frisoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lleo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcolea, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyratout, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Lage, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tainta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobson, R. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legido-Quigley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sleegers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broeckhoven, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanzi, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kate, M. t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkhof, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovestone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streffer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zetterberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visser, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertram, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.31.125633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TMEM106B and CPOX are genetic determinants of cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarker levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.127399v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative performance of mutual information and transfer entropy for analyzing the balance of information flow and energy consumption at synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.127399v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Information theory has become an essential tool of modern neuroscience. It can however be difficult to apply in experimental contexts when acquisition of very large datasets is prohibitive. Here, we compare the relative performance of two information theoretic measures, mutual information and transfer entropy, for the analysis of information flow and energetic consumption at synapses. We show that transfer entropy outperforms mutual information in terms of reliability of estimates for small datasets. However, we also show that a detailed understanding of the underlying neuronal biophysics is essential for properly interpreting the results obtained with transfer entropy. We conclude that when time and experimental conditions permit, mutual information might provide an easier to interpret alternative. Finally, we apply both measures to the study of energetic optimality of information flow at thalamic relay synapses in the visual pathway. We show that both measures recapitulate the experimental finding that these synapses are tuned to optimally balance information flowing through them with the energetic consumption associated with that synaptic and neuronal activity. Our results highlight the importance of conducting systematic computational studies prior to applying information theoretic tools to experimental data.

Author summaryInformation theory has become an essential tool of modern neuroscience. It is being routinely used to evaluate how much information flows from external stimuli to various brain regions or individual neurons. It is also used to evaluate how information flows between brain regions, between neurons, across synapses, or in neural networks. Information theory offers multiple measures to do that. Two of the most popular are mutual information and transfer entropy. While these measures are related to each other, they differ in one important aspect: transfer entropy reports a directional flow of information, as mutual information does not. Here, we proceed to a systematic evaluation of their respective performances and trade-offs from the perspective of an experimentalist looking to apply these measures to binarized spike trains. We show that transfer entropy might be a better choice than mutual information when time for experimental data collection is limited, as it appears less affected by systematic biases induced by a relative lack of data. Transmission delays and integration properties of the output neuron can however complicate this picture, and we provide an example of the effect this has on both measures. We conclude that when time and experimental conditions permit, mutual information - especially when estimated using a method referred to as the  direct method - might provide an easier to interpret alternative. Finally, we apply both measures in the biophysical context of evaluating the energetic optimality of information flow at thalamic relay synapses in the visual pathway. We show that both measures capture the original experimental finding that those synapses are tuned to optimally balance information flowing through them with the concomitant energetic consumption associated with that synaptic and neuronal activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conrad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolivet, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.01.127399</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative performance of mutual information and transfer entropy for analyzing the balance of information flow and energy consumption at synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.02.129262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integer topological defects organize stresses driving tissue morphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.02.129262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissues acquire their function and shape via differentiation and morphogenesis. Both processes are driven by coordinating cellular forces and shapes at the tissue scale, but general principles governing this interplay remain to be discovered. Here, we report that self-organization of myoblasts around integer topological defects, namely spirals and asters, triggers localized differentiation and, when differentiation is inhibited, drives the growth of cylindrical multicellular protrusions. Both localized differentiation and growth require specific stress patterns. By analyzing the experimental velocity and orientation profiles through active gel theory, we show that integer topological defects can concentrate compressive stresses, which we measure by using deformable pillars. Altogether, we envision topological defects as mechanical organizational centers that control differentiation and morphogenesis to establish tissue architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guillamat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanch-Mercader, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.02.129262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integer topological defects organize stresses driving tissue morphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.140079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SUMO orchestrates multiple alternative DNA-protein crosslink repair pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.140079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several endogenous metabolites, environmental agents, and therapeutic drugs promote formation of covalent DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). Persistent DPCs pose a serious threat to genome integrity and are eliminated by multiple repair pathways. Aberrant Top1 crosslinks to DNA, or Top1ccs, are processed by Tdp1 and Wss1 functioning in parallel pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It remains obscure how cells choose between these diverse mechanisms of DPC repair. Here we show that several SUMO biogenesis factors - Ulp1, Siz2, Slx5, Slx8 - control repair of Top1cc or an analogous DPC lesion. Genetic analysis reveals that SUMO promotes Top1cc processing in the absence of Tdp1 but has an inhibitory role if cells additionally lack Wss1. In the tdp1{Delta} wss1{Delta} mutant, the E3 SUMO ligase Siz2 stimulates sumoylation in the vicinity of the DPC, but not SUMO conjugation to Top1. This Siz2-dependent sumoylation delays DPC repair when cells progress through S and G2 phases. Our findings suggest that SUMO tunes available repair pathways to facilitate faithful DPC repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serbyn, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagdiul, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhandynata, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.08.140079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SUMO orchestrates multiple alternative DNA-protein crosslink repair pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.10.143677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPECIFIC ECTODERMAL ENHANCERS CONTROL THE EXPRESSION OF HoxC GENES IN DEVELOPING MAMMALIAN INTEGUMENTS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.10.143677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vertebrate Hox genes are key players in the establishment of structures during the development of the main body axis. Subsequently, they play important roles either in organizing secondary axial structures such as the appendages, or during homeostasis in postnatal stages and adulthood. Here we set up to analyze their elusive function in the ectodermal compartment, using the mouse limb bud as a model. We report that the HoxC gene cluster was globally co-opted to be transcribed in the distal limb ectoderm, where it is activated following the rule of temporal colinearity. These ectodermal cells subsequently produce various keratinized organs such as nails or claws. Accordingly, deletion of the HoxC cluster led to mice lacking nails (anonychia) and also hairs (alopecia), a condition stronger than the previously reported loss of function of Hoxc13, which is the causative gene of the ectodermal dysplasia 9 (ECTD9) in human patients. We further identified two ectodermal, mammalian-specific enhancers located upstream of the HoxC gene cluster, which act synergistically to regulate Hoxc gene expression in the hair and nail ectodermal organs. Deletion of these regulatory elements alone or in combination revealed a strong quantitative component in the regulation of Hoxc genes in the ectoderm, suggesting that these two enhancers may have evolved along with mammals to provide the level of HOXC proteins necessary for the full development of hairs and nails.

Significance StatementIn this study, we report a unique and necessary function for the HoxC gene cluster in the development of some ectodermal organs, as illustrated both by the hair and nail phenotype displayed by mice lacking the Hoxc13 function and by the congenital anonychia (absence of nails) in full HoxC cluster mutants. We show that Hoxc genes are activated in a colinear manner in the embryonic limb ectoderm and are subsequently transcribed in developing nails and hairs. We identify two mammalian-specific enhancers located upstream of the HoxC cluster with and exclusive ectodermal specificity. Individual or combined enhancer deletions suggest that they act in combination to raise the transcription level of several Hoxc genes during hairs and nails development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Guerrero, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakushiji-Kaminatsui, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdral, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Gomez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolt, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Martin, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ros, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.10.143677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPECIFIC ECTODERMAL ENHANCERS CONTROL THE EXPRESSION OF HoxC GENES IN DEVELOPING MAMMALIAN INTEGUMENTS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.10.145201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain networks subserving functional core processes of emotions identified with componential modelling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.10.145201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emotions have powerful effects on the mind, body, and behavior. Although psychology theories emphasized multi-componential characteristics of emotions, little is known about the nature and neural architecture of such components in the brain. We used a multivariate data-driven approach to decompose a wide range of emotions into functional core processes and identify their neural organization. Twenty participants watched 40 emotional clips and rated 119 emotional moments in terms of 32 component features defined by a previously validated componential model. Results show how different emotions emerge from coordinated activity across a set of brain networks coding for component processes associated with valuation appraisal, hedonic experience, novelty, goal-relevance, approach/avoidance tendencies, and social concerns. Our study goes beyond previous research that focused on either categorical or dimensional emotions and highlighting how novel methodology combined with componential modelling may allow emotion neuroscience to move forward and unveil the functional architecture of human affective experiences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.10.145201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain networks subserving functional core processes of emotions identified with componential modelling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.147637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The alternative sigma factor σX mediates competence shut-off at the cell pole in Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.147637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial competence for genetic transformation is a well-known species-specific differentiation program driving genome plasticity, antibiotic resistance and virulence in many pathogens. How competence regulation is spatiotemporally integrated in the cell is ill-defined. Here, we unraveled the localization dynamics of the key regulators that master the two intertwined transcription waves controlling competence in Streptococcus pneumoniae. The first wave relies on a stress-inducible phosphorelay system, made up of the ComD and ComE proteins, and the second is directed by an alternative sigma factor, {sigma}X, which includes in its regulon the DprA protein that turns off competence through interaction with phosphorylated ComE. Remarkably, we found that ComD, {sigma}X and DprA stably co-localize at a single cell pole over the competence period. In contrast, ComE assembles into dynamic patches in the cell periphery, colocalizing temporarily with DprA and ComD at the pole. Furthermore, we provide evidence that {sigma}X directly conveys DprA polar anchoring. Through this protein targeting function, {sigma}X is shown to be actively involved in the timely shut-off of the competence cycle, hence preserving cell fitness. Altogether, this study unveils an unprecedented role for a bacterial transcription {sigma} factor in spatially coordinating the negative feedback loop of its own genetic circuit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnston, C. H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soulet, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prudhomme, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Lemos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.147637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The alternative sigma factor σX mediates competence shut-off at the cell pole in Streptococcus pneumoniae.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spike-frequency adaptation is modulated by interacting currents in an Hodgkin-Huxley-type model: Role of the Na,K-ATPase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spike-frequency adaptation is a prominent feature of spiking neurons. Using a Hodgkin-Huxley-type model, we studied adaptation originating from the Na,K-ATPase electrogenic pump and its evolution in presence of a medium-duration calcium-dependent potassium channel. We found that the Na,K-ATPase induces spike-frequency adaptation with a time constant of up to a few seconds and interacts with the calcium-dependent potassium current through the output frequency, yielding a very typical pattern of instantaneous frequencies. Because channels responsible for spike-frequency adaptation can interact with each other, our results suggest that their meaningful time courses and parameters can be difficult to measure experimentally. To circumvent this problem, we developed a simple phenomenological model that captures the interaction between currents and allows the direct evaluation of the underlying biophysical parameters directly from the frequency vs. current curves. Finally, we found that for weak stimulations, the pump induces phasic spiking and linearly converts the stimulus amplitude in a finite number of spikes acting like an inhibitory spike-counter. Our results point to the importance of considering interacting currents involved in spike-frequency adaptation collectively rather than as isolated elements and underscore the importance of sodium as a messenger for long-term signal integration in neurons. Within this context, we propose that the Na,K-ATPase plays an important role and show how to recover relevant biological parameters from adapting channels using simple electrophysiological measurements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jolivet, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magistretti, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spike-frequency adaptation is modulated by interacting currents in an Hodgkin-Huxley-type model: Role of the Na,K-ATPase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.152819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Granger-Causal Testing for Irregularly Sampled Time Series with Application to Nitrogen Signaling in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.152819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motivation Identification of system-wide causal relationships can contribute to our understanding of long-distance, intercellular signaling in biological organisms. Dynamic transcriptome analysis holds great potential to uncover coordinated biological processes between organs. However, many existing dynamic transcriptome studies are characterized by sparse and often unevenly spaced time points that make the identification of causal relationships across organs analytically challenging. Application of existing statistical models, designed for regular time series with abundant time points, to sparse data may fail to reveal biologically significant, causal relationships. With increasing research interest in biological time series data, there is a need for new statistical methods that are able to determine causality within and between time series data sets. Here, a statistical framework was developed to identify (Granger) causal gene-gene relationships of unevenly spaced, multivariate time series data from two different tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to a nitrogen signal.Results This work delivers a statistical approach for modelling irregularly sampled bivariate signals which embeds functions from the domain of engineering that allow to adapt the model’s dependence structure to the specific sampling time. Using Maximum-Likelihood to estimate the parameters of this model for each bivariate time series, it is then possible to use bootstrap procedures for small samples (or asymptotics for large samples) in order to test for Granger-Causality. When applied to the Arabidopsis thaliana data, the proposed approach produced 3,078 significant interactions, in which 2,012 interactions have root causal genes and 1,066 interactions have shoot causal genes. Many of the predicted causal and target genes are known players in local and long-distance nitrogen signaling, including genes encoding transcription factors, hormones, and signaling peptides. Of the 1,007 total causal genes (either organ), 384 are either known or predicted mobile transcripts, suggesting that the identified causal genes may be directly involved in long-distance nitrogen signaling through intercellular interactions. The model predictions and subsequent network analysis identified nitrogen-responsive genes that can be further tested for their specific roles in long-distance nitrogen signaling.Availability The method was developed with the R statistical software and is made available thorugh the R package “irg” hosted on the GitHub repository https://github.com/SMAC-Group/irg. A sample data set is made available as an example to apply the method and the complete Arabidopsis thaliana data can be found at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE97500.Contact amymc{at}illinois.eduCompeting Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heerah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall-Colon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.152819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Granger-Causal Testing for Irregularly Sampled Time Series with Application to Nitrogen Signaling in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.154625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EEG and fMRI connectomes are reliably related: a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study from 1.5T to 7T 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.154625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both electroencephalography (EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) are non-invasive methods that show complementary aspects of human brain activity. Despite measuring different proxies of brain activity, both the measured blood-oxygenation (fMRI) and neurophysiological recordings (EEG) are indirectly coupled. The electrophysiological and BOLD signal can map the underlying functional connectivity structure at the whole brain scale at different timescales. Previous work demonstrated a moderate but significant correlation between resting-state functional connectivity of both modalities, however there is a wide range of technical setups to measure simultaneous EEG-fMRI and the reliability of those measures between different setups remains unknown. This is true notably with respect to different magnetic field strengths (low and high field) and different spatial sampling of EEG (medium to high-density electrode coverage).

Here, we investigated the reproducibility of the bimodal EEG-fMRI functional connectome in the most comprehensive resting-state simultaneous EEG-fMRI dataset compiled to date including a total of 72 subjects from four different imaging centers. Data was acquired from 1.5T, 3T and 7T scanners with simultaneously recorded EEG using 64 or 256 electrodes. We demonstrate that the whole-brain monomodal connectivity reproducibly correlates across different datasets and that a moderate crossmodal correlation between EEG and fMRI connectivity of r{approx}0.3 can be reproducibly extracted in low- and high-field scanners. The crossmodal correlation was strongest in the EEG-{beta} frequency band but exists across all frequency bands. Both homotopic and within intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) connections contributed the most to the crossmodal relationship.

This study confirms, using a considerably diverse range of recording setups, that simultaneous EEG-fMRI offers a consistent estimate of multimodal functional connectomes in healthy subjects that are dominantly linked through a functional core of ICNs across spanning across the different timescales measured by EEG and fMRI. This opens new avenues for estimating the dynamics of brain function and provides a better understanding of interactions between EEG and fMRI measures. This observed level of reproducibility also defines a baseline for the study of alterations of this coupling in pathological conditions and their role as potential clinical markers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wirsich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iannotti, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamshiri, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grouiller, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abreu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazeyras, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruetter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadaghiani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulliemoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.16.154625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EEG and fMRI connectomes are reliably related: a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study from 1.5T to 7T]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.18.160689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryptosporulation in Kurthia spp. forces a rethinking of asporogenesis in Firmicutes 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.18.160689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sporulation is a complex morphophysiological process resulting in a cellular structure that is more resistant than the vegetative form. In Firmicutes, this structure is produced within the mother cell, and is called an endospore. Endospore formation is thought to have evolved in the common ancestor of Firmicutes. However, sporulation has apparently been lost in some extant lineages that are defined as asporogenic. We isolated strain 11kri321, a representative of the genus Kurthia, from an oligotrophic geothermal reservoir. While Kurthia spp. is considered to comprise only asporogenic species, strain 11kri321 produced spores. Genomic reconstruction of the sporulation pathway shows elements typical of sporulation in Bacilli, including the signaling for sporulation onset. However, key genes were missing, including those involved in engulfment and dipicolinic acid synthesis. Based on the results for strain 11kri321, sporulation was investigated in other Kurthia strains. Genes involved in signaling, cell division and spore coat formation were detected in three available Kurthia genomes. Moreover, endosporulation was clearly visualized in at least two of the four strains tested. These results show that Kurthia is an endospore-forming Firmicute lineage. However, the genetic background of sporulation in this genus deviates from the known sporulation pathway in Firmicutes and even within Bacilli, suggesting that a revision of the minimal set of genes used for genomic detection of sporulation is required. Based on our findings we propose the term cryptosporulant to refer to putative asporogenic Firmicutes for which a detailed genomic and physiological characterization of sporulating is missing.

ImportanceEndospore-forming Firmicutes include many environmental and medical relevant bacterial clades. In these microorganisms, the ability to produce endospores is essential for survival in the environment and even for pathogenesis. The minimum core of genes required to produce a viable and resistant spore, the distinction between endospore-forming and asporogenic groups, as well as the evolution of sporulation have been a subject of investigation and debate for decades. Here, we demonstrate endosporulation in the genus Kurthia, considered as asporogenic. Morphological, physiological and genomic analyses were undertaken to demonstrate that sporulation is not lost within this lineage. Based on our results we propose a re-examination of the minimal genetic requirements of sporulation and the use of the term cryptosporulant to describe lineages of Firmicutes that have not previously been observed to sporulate, but for which a detailed analysis is still missing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Filippidou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poppleton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaminek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odriozola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrahams, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chain, P. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gribaldo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tocheva, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.18.160689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryptosporulation in Kurthia spp. forces a rethinking of asporogenesis in Firmicutes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.21.163485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LATER but FORTIOR: diffusion modelling of inhibition of return 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.21.163485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to the slowing of response times (RTs) for stimuli repeated at previously inspected locations, as compared with novel ones. However, the exact processing stage(s) at which IOR occurs, and its nature across different response modalities, remain debated. We tested predictions on these issues originating from the FORTIOR model (fronto-parietal organization of response times in IOR; Seidel Malkinson & Bartolomeo, 2018), and from evidence accumulation models. We reanalysed RT data from a target-target IOR paradigm (Bourgeois et al.,2013a, 2013b) by using a LATER-like evidence accumulation model (Carpenter & Williams, 1995), to test the predictions of FORTIOR, and specifically whether IOR could occur at sensory/attentional stages of processing, or at stages of decision and action selection. We considered the following conditions: manual or saccadic response modality, before or after TMS perturbation over four cortical regions. Results showed that the Gaussian noise parameter best explained both manual and saccadic IOR, suggesting that in both response modalities IOR may result from slower accumulation of evidence for repeated locations. Additionally, across stimulated regions, TMS affected only manual RTs, lowering them equally in the conditions with repeated targets (Return) and non-repeated targets (Non-return). Accordingly, the modelling results show that TMS stimulation did not significantly alter the pattern between model parameters, with the Gaussian noise parameter remaining the parameter best explaining the Return - Non-return RT difference. Moreover, TMS over the right intra-parietal sulcus (IPS) perturbed IOR by shortening the Return RT. When directly testing this effect by modelling the TMS impact in the Return condition, the Bayesian information criterion of the Gaussian noise parameter was the smallest, but this effect did not reach significance. These results support the hypothesis that target-target IOR is a predominantly sensory/attentional phenomenon, and may be modulated by activity in fronto-parietal networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seidel Malkinson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgeois, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wattiez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolomeo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.21.163485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LATER but FORTIOR: diffusion modelling of inhibition of return]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.164111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connectome spectral analysis to track EEG task dynamics on a subsecond scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.164111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present an approach for tracking fast spatiotemporal cortical dynamics in which we combine white matter connectivity data with source-projected electroencephalographic (EEG) data. We employ the mathematical framework of graph signal processing in order to derive the Fourier modes of the brain structural connectivity graph, or "network harmonics". These network harmonics are naturally ordered by smoothness. Smoothness in this context can be understood as the amount of variation along the cortex, leading to a multi-scale representation of brain connectivity. We demonstrate that network harmonics provide a sparse representation of the EEG signal, where, at certain times, the smoothest 15 network harmonics capture 90% of the signal power. This suggests that network harmonics are functionally meaningful, which we demonstrate by using them as a basis for the functional EEG data recorded from a face detection task. There, only 13 network harmonics are sufficient to track the large-scale cortical activity during the processing of the stimuli with a 50 ms resolution, reproducing well-known activity in the fusiform face area as well as revealing co-activation patterns in somatosensory/motor and frontal cortices that an unconstrained ROI-by-ROI analysis fails to capture. The proposed approach is simple and fast, provides a means of integration of multimodal datasets, and is tied to a theoretical framework in mathematics and physics. Thus, network harmonics point towards promising research directions both theoretically - for example in exploring the relationship between structure and function in the brain - and practically - for example for network tracking in different tasks and groups of individuals, such as patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glomb, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rue Queralt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascucci, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Defferrard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tourbier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carboni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubega, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulliemoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plomp, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.164111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connectome spectral analysis to track EEG task dynamics on a subsecond scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.161406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hapln1b organizes the ECM to modulate kit signaling and control developmental hematopoiesis in zebrafish 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.161406v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During early vertebrate development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are produced from a hemogenic endothelium located in the dorsal aorta, before they migrate to a transient niche where they expand, the fetal liver and the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), in mammals and zebrafish, respectively. In zebrafish, previous studies have shown that the extracellular matrix (ECM) around the aorta needs to be degraded to allow HSCs to leave the aortic floor and reach blood circulation. However, the role of the ECM components in HSC specification has never been addressed. We show here that hapln1b, a key component of the ECM is specifically expressed in hematopoietic sites in the zebrafish embryo. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments all resulted in the absence of HSCs in the early embryo, showing that hapln1b is required, at the correct level, to specify HSCs in the hemogenic endothelium. Furthermore, we show that the expression of hapln1b is necessary to maintain the integrity of the ECM through its link domain. In addition, by combining functional analyses and computer modelling, we show that kitlgb interacts with the ECM, to specify HSCs. Overall, we have demonstrated that the ECM is an integral component of the microenvironment as it mediates specific cytokine signaling that is required for normal HSC specification.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahony, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasche, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braunersreuther, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savvides, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deagostini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.161406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hapln1b organizes the ECM to modulate kit signaling and control developmental hematopoiesis in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.166926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PlexinA4-Semaphorin3A mediated crosstalk between main cortical interneuron classes is required for superficial interneurons lamination 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.166926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the mammalian cerebral cortex, the developmental events governing the allocation of different classes of inhibitory interneurons (INs) into distinct cortical layers are poorly understood. Here we report that the guidance receptor PlexinA4 (PLXNA4) is upregulated in serotonin receptor 3a-expressing (HTR3A+) cortical INs (hINs) as they invade the cortical plate and that it regulates their laminar allocation to superficial cortical layers. We find that the PLXNA4 ligand Semaphorin3A (SEMA3A) acts as a chemorepulsive factor on hINs migrating into the nascent cortex and demonstrate that SEMA3A specifically controls their laminar positioning through PLXNA4. We identify that deep layer INs constitute a major source of SEMA3A in the developing cortex and demonstrate that cell-type specific genetic deletion of SEMA3A in these INs specifically affects the laminar allocation of hINs. These data demonstrate that in the neocortex, deep layer INs control the laminar allocation of hINs into superficial layers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Limoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niquille, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.166926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PlexinA4-Semaphorin3A mediated crosstalk between main cortical interneuron classes is required for superficial interneurons lamination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.171090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of the Novel Mitochondrial Genome Segregation Factor TAP110 in Trypanosoma brucei 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.171090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper mitochondrial genome inheritance is key for eukaryotic cell survival, however little is known about the molecular mechanism controlling this process. Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite, contains a singular mitochondrial genome aka kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). kDNA segregation requires anchoring of the genome to the basal body via the tripartite attachment complex (TAC). Several components of the TAC as well as their assembly have been described, it however remains elusive how the TAC connects to the kDNA. Here, we characterize the TAC associated protein TAP110 and for the first time use ultrastructure expansion microscopy in trypanosomes to reveal that TAP110 is the currently most proximal kDNA segregation factor. The kDNA proximal positioning is also supported by RNAi depletion of TAC102, which leads to loss of TAP110 at the TAC. Overexpression of TAP110 leads to expression level changes of several mitochondrial proteins and a delay in the separation of the replicated kDNA networks. In contrast to other kDNA segregation factors TAP110 remains only partially attached to the flagellum after DNAse and detergent treatment and can only be solubilized in dyskinetoplastic cells, suggesting that interaction with the kDNA might be important for stability of the TAC association. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the TAC, but not the kDNA, is required for correct TAP110 localization in vivo and suggest that TAP110 might interact with other proteins to form a >669 kDa complex.

Summary StatementTAP110 is a novel mitochondrial genome segregation factor in Trypanosoma brucei that associates with the previously described TAC component TAC102. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy reveals its proximal position to the kDNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amodeo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalichava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fradera-Sola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertiaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochsenreiter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.171090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of the Novel Mitochondrial Genome Segregation Factor TAP110 in Trypanosoma brucei]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.177071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SUV39 SET domains mediate crosstalk of heterochromatic histone marks 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.177071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SUV39 class of methyltransferase enzymes deposits histone H3 lysine 9 di- and trimethylation (H3K9me2/3), the hallmark of constitutive heterochromatin. How these enzymes are regulated to mark specific genomic regions as heterochromatic is poorly understood. Clr4 is the sole H3K9me2/3 methyltransferase in the fission yeast S. pombe and recent evidence suggests that ubiquitination of lysine 14 on histone H3 (H3K14ub) plays a key role in H3K9 methylation. However, the molecular mechanism of this regulation and its role in heterochromatin formation remains to be determined. Our structure-function approach shows that the H3K14ub substrate binds specifically and tightly to the catalytic domain of Clr4, and thereby stimulates the enzyme by over 250-fold. Mutations that disrupt this mechanism lead to a loss of H3K9me2/3 and abolish heterochromatin silencing similar to clr4 deletion. Comparison with mammalian SET domain proteins suggests that the Clr4 SET domain harbours a conserved sensor for H3K14ub, which mediates licensing of heterochromatin formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stirpe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guidotti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hainard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fierz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schalch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.30.177071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SUV39 SET domains mediate crosstalk of heterochromatic histone marks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.04.188128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-expressed subunits of dual genetic origin define a conserved supercomplex mediating essential protein import into chloroplasts 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.04.188128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In photosynthetic eukaryotes, thousands of proteins are translated in the cytosol and imported into the chloroplast through the concerted action of two translocons — termed TOC and TIC — located in the outer and inner membranes of the chloroplast envelope, respectively. The degree to which the molecular composition of the TOC and TIC complexes is conserved over phylogenetic distances has remained controversial. Here, we combine transcriptomic, biochemical, and genetic tools in the green alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) to demonstrate that, despite a lack of evident sequence conservation for some of its components, the algal TIC complex mirrors the molecular composition of a TIC complex from Arabidopsis thaliana. The Chlamydomonas TIC complex contains three nuclear-encoded subunits, Tic20, Tic56 and Tic100, and one chloroplast-encoded subunit, Tic214, and interacts with the TOC complex, as well as with several uncharacterized proteins to form a stable supercomplex (TicToc), indicating that protein import across both envelope membranes is mechanistically coupled. Expression of the nuclear and chloroplast genes encoding both known and the here newly identified TicToc components is highly coordinated, suggesting that a mechanism for regulating its biogenesis across compartmental boundaries must exist. Conditional repression of Tic214, the only chloroplast-encoded subunit in the TicToc complex, impairs the import of chloroplast proteins with essential roles in chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and protein folding and induces a pleiotropic stress response, including several proteins involved in the chloroplast unfolded protein response. These findings underscore the functional importance of the TicToc supercomplex in maintaining chloroplast proteostasis.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramundo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asakura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomé, P. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strenkert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackinder, L. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takafuji, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinc, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahire, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crèvecoeur, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magneschi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaad, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hippler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonikas, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merchant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochaix, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.04.188128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-expressed subunits of dual genetic origin define a conserved supercomplex mediating essential protein import into chloroplasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.05.188474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CHO/LY-B cell growth under limiting sphingolipid supply: correlation between lipid composition and biophysical properties of sphingolipid-restricted cell membranes 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.05.188474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTSphingolipids (SL) are ubiquitous in mammalian cell membranes, yet there is little data on the behavior of cells under SL-restriction conditions. LY-B cells derive from a CHO line in which serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), thus de novo SL synthesis, is suppressed, while maintaining the capacity of taking up and metabolizing exogenous sphingoid bases from the culture medium. In the present study LY-B cells were adapted to grow in a fetal bovine serum (FBS)-deficient medium to avoid external uptake of lipids. The lowest FBS concentration that allowed LY-B cell growth, though at a slow rate, under our conditions was 0.04%, i.e. 250-fold less than the standard (10%) concentration. Cells grown under limiting SL concentrations remained viable for at least 72 h. Enriching with sphingomyelin the SL-deficient medium allowed the recovery of control LY-B cell growth rates. Studies including whole cells, plasma membrane preparations, and derived lipid vesicles were carried out. Laurdan fluorescence was recorded to measure membrane molecular order, showing a significant decrease in the rigidity of LY-B cells, not only in plasma membrane but also in whole cell lipid extract, as a result of SL limitation in the growth medium. Plasma membrane preparations and whole cell lipid extracts were also studied using atomic force microscopy in the force spectroscopy mode. Force measurements demonstrated that lower breakthrough forces were required to penetrate samples obtained from SL-poor LY-B cells than those obtained from control cells. Mass-spectroscopic analysis was also a helpful tool to understand the rearrangement undergone by the LY-B cell lipid metabolism. The most abundant SL in LY-B cells, sphingomyelin, decreased by about 85% as a result of SL limitation in the medium, the bioactive lipid ceramide and the ganglioside precursor hexosylceramide decreased similarly, together with cholesterol. Quantitative SL analysis showed that a 250-fold reduction in sphingolipid supply to LY-B cells led to a 6-fold decrease in membrane sphingolipids, underlining the resistance to changes in composition of these cells. Plasma membrane compositions exhibited similar changes, at least qualitatively, as the whole cells with SL restriction. A linear correlation was observed between the sphingomyelin concentration in the membranes, the degree of lipid order as measured by laurdan fluorescence, and membrane breakthrough forces assessed by atomic force microscopy. Concomitant changes were detected in glycerophospholipids under SL-restriction conditions.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monasterio, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Rojo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Arribas, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goni, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.05.188474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CHO/LY-B cell growth under limiting sphingolipid supply: correlation between lipid composition and biophysical properties of sphingolipid-restricted cell membranes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.08.192328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expansion Microscopy provides new insights into the cytoskeleton of malaria parasites including the conservation of a conoid 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.08.192328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malaria is caused by unicellular Plasmodium parasites. Plasmodium relies on diverse microtubule cytoskeletal structures for its reproduction, multiplication or dissemination. Due to the small size of this parasite, its cytoskeleton has been primarily observable by electron microscopy. Here, we demonstrate that the nanoscale cytoskeleton organization is within reach using ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM). In developing microgametocytes, U-ExM allows to monitor the dynamic assembly of axonemes and concomitant tubulin polyglutamylation in whole cells. In the invasive merozoite and ookinete forms, U-ExM unveils the subpellicular microtubule arrays that confer cell rigidity. In ookinete, we additionally identify an apical tubulin ring above the subpellicular microtubules that colocalises with markers of the conoid in related Apicomplexa parasites. This microtubule structure was presumed to be lost in Plasmodium despite its crucial role in both motility and invasion in most apicomplexans. Here, U-ExM reveals that a divergent and reduced form of the conoid is actually conserved in the Plasmodium genus.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eloïse Bertiaux</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aurélia C Balestra</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorène Bournonville</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathieu Brochet</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul Guichard</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virginie Hamel</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.08.192328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expansion Microscopy provides new insights into the cytoskeleton of malaria parasites including the conservation of a conoid]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.08.193508v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NREM sleep stages specifically alter dynamical integration of large-scale brain networks 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.08.193508v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional dissociations in the brain observed during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep have been mainly associated with reduced information integration and impaired consciousness that accompany increasing sleep depth. Most of the studies that evaluated this relation have mostly been focused on spatial alterations of brain networks across various vigilance states. Here, we explored the dynamical properties of large-scale functional brain networks derived from transients or moments of activity changes in fMRI using two complementary studies of simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings of sleep. Our results revealed distinct alterations in the individual network’s dynamical characteristics across wakefulness and NREM sleep. Positive activations of visual-sensory areas simultaneously deactivate focal subcortical regions known to be involved with arousal regulation. The cerebellum is also found to dissociate into posterior and anterior regions, with the former being predominantly present during wakefulness than in the deep sleep. Most surprisingly, we found that global network activity and pair-wise network interactions increased significantly in NREM stage 2 before an abrupt loss of communication is observed in NREM stage 3. Thus, by providing a spatiotemporal and more accurate network-level representation of brain organization, we were able to capture new features of information integration of consciousness during sleep, and provide concrete evidence for the presence of unstable yet distributed global synchronization in NREM stage 2.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anjali Tarun</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danyal Wainstein-Andriano</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virginie Sterpenich</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurence Bayer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampros Perogamvros</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark Solms</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolai Axmacher</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sophie Schwartz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimitri Van De Ville</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.08.193508</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NREM sleep stages specifically alter dynamical integration of large-scale brain networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.196766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of GluA1 Phosphorylation by D-amphetamine and Methylphenidate in the Cerebellum 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.196766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prescription stimulants, such as d-amphetamine or methylphenidate, are potent dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) releasers used to treat children and adults diagnosed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although increased phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 at Ser845 (pS845-GluA1) in the striatum has been identified as an important cellular effector for the actions of these drugs, regulation of this posttranslational modification in the cerebellum has never been recognized. Here, we demonstrate that d-amphetamine and methylphenidate increase pS845-GluA1 in the membrane fraction in both vermis and lateral hemispheres of the mouse cerebellum. This regulation occurs selectively in Bergmann Glia Cells and requires intact norepinephrine release since the effects were abolished in mice lacking the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 selectively in NE neurons. Moreover, d-amphetamine-induced pS845-GluA1 was prevented by β1-adenoreceptor antagonist, whereas the blockade of dopamine D1 receptor had no effect. Additionally, we identified transcriptional alterations of several regulators of the cAMP/PKA pathway, which might account for the absence of pS845-GluA1 desensitization in mice repeatedly exposed to d-amphetamine or methylphenidate. Together, these results point to norepinephrine transmission as a key regulator of GluA1 phosphorylation in Bergmann Glial Cells, which may represent a new target for the treatment of ADHD.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.AbbreviationsBGCsBergmann Glia CellsPCPurkinje cellsCCCerebellar CortexDADopamineNENoradrenalineD1RDopamine D1 receptorβ-ARBeta-adrenergic receptorsβ1-ARBeta-1-adrenergic receptorsACAdenylyl cylasePKAProtein Kinase APKCProtein Kinase CAMPAα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acidGluA1AMPA subunit A1DATDopamine transporterTHTyrosine hydroxylaseVMAT2Vesicular monoamine transporter 2VTAVentral Tegmental AreaSNSubstantia nigraLCLocus CoeruleusD-amphD-amphetamineMphMethylphenidateADHDattention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderHAhemagglutininView Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laura Cutando Ruiz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emma Puighermanal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laia Castell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauline Tarot</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Federica Bertaso</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patricia Bonnavion</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsa Isingrini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micaela Galante</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glenn Dallerac</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent Pascoli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christian Luscher</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruno Giros</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanuel Valjent</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.10.196766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of GluA1 Phosphorylation by D-amphetamine and Methylphenidate in the Cerebellum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.12.199109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin Topology And The Timing Of Enhancer Function At The HoxD Locus 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.12.199109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The HoxD gene cluster is critical for proper limb formation in tetrapods. In the emerging limb buds, different sub-groups of Hoxd genes respond first to a proximal regulatory signal, then to a distal signal that organizes digits. These two regulations are exclusive from one another and emanate from two distinct TADs flanking HoxD, both containing a range of appropriate enhancer sequences. The telomeric TAD (T-DOM) contains several enhancers active in presumptive forearm cells and is divided into two sub-TADs separated by a CTCF-rich boundary, which defines two regulatory sub-modules. To understand the importance of this particular regulatory topology to control Hoxd gene transcription in time and space, we either deleted or inverted this sub-TAD boundary, eliminated the CTCF binding sites or inverted the entire T-DOM to exchange the respective positions of the two sub-TADs. The effects of such perturbations on the transcriptional regulation of Hoxd genes illustrate the requirement of this regulatory topology for the precise timing of gene activation. However, the spatial distribution of transcripts was eventually resumed, showing that the presence of enhancers sequences, rather than either their exact topology or a particular chromatin architecture, is the key factor. We also show that the affinity of enhancers to find their natural target genes can overcome the presence of both a strong TAD border and an unfavourable orientation of CTCF sites.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany genes important for vertebrate development are surrounded by series of remote enhancer sequences. Such regulatory landscapes and their target genes are usually located within the same chromatin domains, which appears to constrain the action of these regulatory sequences and hence to facilitate enhancer-promoter recognition and gene expression. We used the HoxD locus to assess the impact of modifying the regulatory topology upon gene activation in space and time. A series of chromosomal re-arrangements involving deletions and inversions reveals that the enhancer topology plays a role in the timing of gene activation. However, gene expression was often recovered, subsequently, illustrating the intrinsic capacity of some enhancers to find their target promoters despite an apparently adverse chromatin topology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Edgardo Rodriguez-Carballo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucille Lopez-Delisle</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrea Willemin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonardo Beccari</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandra Gitto</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedicte Mascrez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denis Duboule</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.12.199109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin Topology And The Timing Of Enhancer Function At The HoxD Locus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.200923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An increase in dendritic plateau potentials is associated with experience-dependent cortical map reorganization 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.200923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The organization of sensory maps in the cerebral cortex depends on experience, which drives homeostatic and long-term synaptic plasticity of cortico-cortical circuits. In the mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) afferents from the higher-order, posterior medial thalamic nucleus (POm) gate synaptic plasticity in layer (L) 2/3 pyramidal neurons via disinhibition and the production of dendritic plateau potentials. Here we address whether these thalamocortically mediated responses play a role in whisker map plasticity in S1. We find that trimming all but two whiskers causes a partial fusion of the representations of the two spared whiskers, concomitantly with an increase in the occurrence of POm-driven, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent plateau potentials. Blocking the plateau potentials restores the archetypical organization of the sensory map. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for experience-dependent cortical map plasticity in which higher-order thalamocortically mediated plateau potentials facilitate the fusion of normally segregated cortical representations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pages, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenouard, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouskoff, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambino, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtmaat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.200923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An increase in dendritic plateau potentials is associated with experience-dependent cortical map reorganization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.203596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AraC mutations that suppress inactivating mutations in the C-terminal domain of the RpoA subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.203596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In E. coli, transcriptional activation is often mediated by the C-terminal domain of RpoA, the  subunit of RNA polymerase. Mutations that prevent activation of the arabinose PBAD promoter are clustered in a small region of the -CTD domain around K271. To determine the target(s) of RpoA in the PBAD promoter, we have isolated suppressors of rpoA -CTD mutations. The suppressors map to the N-terminal domain of AraC, the main transcriptional regulator of ara gene expression. No mutation was found in the large DNA regulatory region between araC and PBAD, suggesting that, in this system, RpoA does not activate transcription through its direct DNA binding. One class of araC mutations result in substitutions in the core of the N-terminal domain suggesting that they may affect its conformation. Another class of suppressors define genetically a domain that potentially interacts with the C-terminal domain of RpoA. Surprisingly, in rpoA+ strains lacking CRP, the araC mutations largely restore arabinose gene expression, suggesting that they somehow strengthen the AraC:-CTD interaction. Thus, the N-terminal domain of AraC exhibits at least three activities: dimerization, arabinose binding and transcriptional activation via RpoA.

ImportanceGene expression is most often controlled at the level of transcription by regulators that interact with RNA polymerase. The C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli RpoA is attached to the core enzyme by a flexible linker and serves as a hub that interacts with many regulators and even with DNA sites to activate transcription. Mutations in a RpoA subdomain interfere with activation of the main arabinose promoter by AraC, the regulator that either activates or represses expression of the arabinose operons. We define here genetically the target of RpoA in the main arabinose promoter. Suppressors of most RpoA mutations map to the N-terminal domain of AraC that promotes its dimerization and binds to arabinose, the inducer. Thus, our results identify a third function for this AraC domain. Some suppressors define a potential binding site for RpoA, while others, at internal residues, probably affect the conformation of the AraC domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Belin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.203596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AraC mutations that suppress inactivating mutations in the C-terminal domain of the RpoA subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.208082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel features of centriole polarity and cartwheel stacking revealed by cryo-tomography 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.208082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles are polarized microtubule-based organelles that seed the formation of cilia, and which assemble from a cartwheel containing stacked ring oligomers of SAS-6 proteins. A cryo-tomography map of centrioles from the termite flagellate Trichonympha spp. was obtained previously, but higher resolution analysis is likely to reveal novel features. Using sub-tomogram averaging (STA) in T. spp. and Trichonympha agilis, we delineate the architecture of centriolar microtubules, pinhead and A-C-linker. Moreover, we report [~]25 [A] resolution maps of the central cartwheel, revealing notably polarized cartwheel inner densities (CID). Furthermore, STA of centrioles from the distant flagellate Teranympha mirabilis uncovers similar cartwheel architecture and a distinct filamentous CID. Fitting the CrSAS-6 crystal structure into the flagellate maps and analyzing cartwheels generated in vitro indicates that SAS-6 rings can directly stack onto one another in two alternating configurations: with a slight rotational offset and in register. Overall, improved STA maps in three flagellates enabled us to unravel novel architectural features, including of centriole polarity and cartwheel stacking, thus setting the stage for an accelerated elucidation of underlying assembly mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nazarov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzopoulos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemcikova Villimova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demurtas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Guennec, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gönczy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.17.208082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel features of centriole polarity and cartwheel stacking revealed by cryo-tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.18.209973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multipass membrane protein interacts with the cGMP-dependent protein kinase to regulate critical calcium signals in malaria parasites 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.18.209973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In malaria parasites, all cGMP-dependent signalling is mediated through a single cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), a major function of which is to control essential calcium signals. However, how PKG transmits these signals in the absence of known second messenger-dependent calcium channels or scaffolding proteins is unknown. Here we identify a polytopic membrane protein, ICM1, with homology to transporters and calcium channels that is tightly-associated with PKG in both Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages and P. berghei gametocytes. Phosphoproteomic analyses in both Plasmodium species reveal multiple ICM1 phosphorylation events dependent upon PKG activity. Stage-specific depletion of P. berghei ICM1 blocks gametogenesis due to the inability of mutant parasites to mobilise intracellular calcium upon PKG activation, whilst conditional loss of P. falciparum ICM1 results in reduced calcium mobilisation, defective egress and lack of invasion. Our findings provide new insights into atypical calcium homeostasis in malaria parasites essential for pathology and disease transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balestra, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koussis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klages, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howell, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bantscheff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquarello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arboit, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peces-Barba Castano, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Withers-Martinez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hainard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghidelli-Disse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snijders, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.18.209973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multipass membrane protein interacts with the cGMP-dependent protein kinase to regulate critical calcium signals in malaria parasites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.211854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ALG-2 interacting protein-X (Alix) is required for activity-dependent bulk endocytosis at brain synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.211854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In chemical synapses undergoing high frequency stimulation, vesicle components can be retrieved from the plasma membrane via a clathrin-independent process called activity dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE). Alix (ALG-2 interacting protein X)/ PDCD6IP) is an adaptor protein binding to ESCRT and endophilin-A proteins which is required for clathrin-independent endocytosis in fibroblasts. Alix is expressed in neurons and concentrates at synapses during epileptic seizures. Here, we used cultured neurons to show that Alix is recruited to presynapses where it interacts with, and concentrates endophilin-A during conditions triggering ADBE. Using Alix knockout (ko) neurons we showed that this recruitment, which requires interaction with the calcium-binding protein ALG-2, is necessary for ABDE. We also found that presynaptic compartments of Alix ko hippocampi display subtle morphological defects compatible with flawed synaptic activity and plasticity detected electrophysiologically. Furthermore, mice lacking Alix in the forebrain undergo less seizures during kainate-induced status epilepticus and reduced propagation of the epileptiform activity. These results thus show that impairment of ADBE due to the lack of neuronal Alix alters synaptic recovery during physiological or pathological repeated stimulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolland, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caudal, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Hernandez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martineau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatellard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denarier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemaitre, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moutaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazorla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buisson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrais, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraboulet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lante, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchhoff, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemming, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadoul, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.20.211854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ALG-2 interacting protein-X (Alix) is required for activity-dependent bulk endocytosis at brain synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.068882v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The architecture of the centriole cartwheel-containing region revealed by cryo-electron tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.068882v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles are evolutionarily conserved barrels of microtubule triplets that form the core of the centrosome and the base of the cilium. In the proximal region of the centriole, nine microtubule triplets attach to each other via A-C linkers and encircle a central cartwheel structure, which directs the early events of centriole assembly. While the crucial role of the proximal region in centriole biogenesis has been well documented in many species, its native architecture and evolutionary conservation remain relatively unexplored. Here, using cryo-electron tomography of centrioles from four evolutionarily distant species, including humans, we report on the architectural diversity of the centriolar proximal cartwheel-bearing region. Our work reveals that the cartwheel central hub, previously reported to have an 8.5 nm periodicity in Trichonympha, is constructed from a stack of paired rings with an average periodicity of [~]4 nm. In all four examined species, cartwheel inner densities are found inside the hubs ring-pairs. In both Paramecium and Chlamydomonas, the repeating structural unit of the cartwheel has a periodicity of 25 nm and consists of three ring-pairs with 6 radial spokes emanating and merging into a single bundle that connects to the triplet microtubule via the pinhead. Finally, we identified that the cartwheel is indirectly connected to the A-C linker through a flexible triplet-base structure extending from the pinhead. Together, our work provides unprecedented evolutionary insights into the architecture of the centriole proximal region, which underlies centriole biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klena, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Guennec, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tassin, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Hoek, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdmann, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geimer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aeschlimann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacik, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldie, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahlberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.21.068882</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The architecture of the centriole cartwheel-containing region revealed by cryo-electron tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain activation lateralization in monkeys (Papio Anubis) following asymmetric motor and auditory stimulations through functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hemispheric asymmetries have long been seen as characterizing the human brain; yet, an increasing number of reports suggest the presence of such brain asymmetries in our closest primate relatives. However, most available data in non-human primates have so far been acquired as part of neurostructural approaches such as MRI, while comparative data in humans are often dynamically acquired as part of neurofunctional studies. In the present exploratory study in baboons (Papio Anubis), we tested whether brain lateralization could be recorded non-invasively using a functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) device in two contexts: motor and auditory passive stimulations. Under light propofol anaesthesia monitoring, three adult female baboons were exposed to a series of (1) left-versus right-arm passive movement stimulations; and (2) left-versus right-ear versus stereo auditory stimulations while recording fNIRS signals in the related brain areas (i.e., motor central sulcus and superior temporal cortices respectively). For the motor condition our results show that left-arm versus right-arm stimulations induced typical contralateral difference in hemispheric activation asymmetries in the three subjects for all three channels. For the auditory condition, we also revealed typical human-like patterns of hemispheric asymmetries in one subject for all three channels, namely (1) typical contralateral differences in hemispheric asymmetry between left-ear versus right-ear stimulations, and (2) a rightward asymmetry for stereo stimulations. Overall, our findings support the use of fNIRS to investigate brain processing in non-human primates from a functional perspective, opening the way for the development of non-invasive procedures in non-human primate brain research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Debracque, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoste, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meguerditchian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.23.217760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain activation lateralization in monkeys (Papio Anubis) following asymmetric motor and auditory stimulations through functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.219246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maintenance of mitochondrial integrity in midbrain dopaminergic neurons governed by a conserved developmental transcription factor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.219246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra is a hallmark of Parkinsons disease (PD). Dysregulation of developmental transcription factors is implicated in dopaminergic neurodegeneration, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Drosophila Fer2 is a prime example of a developmental transcription factor required for the birth and maintenance of midbrain DA neurons. Using an approach combining ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and genetic epistasis experiments with PD-linked genes, here we demonstrate that Fer2 controls a transcriptional network to maintain mitochondrial structure and function, and thus confers dopaminergic neuroprotection against genetic and oxidative insults. We further show that conditional ablation of Nato3, a mouse homolog of Fer2, in differentiated DA neurons results in locomotor impairments and mitochondrial abnormality in aged mice. Our results reveal the essential and conserved role of Fer2 homologs in the mitochondrial maintenance of midbrain DA neurons, opening new perspectives for modelling and treating PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miozzo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stickley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loncle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikonenko, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorcikova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valencia-Alarcon, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bou Dib, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagoshi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.24.219246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maintenance of mitochondrial integrity in midbrain dopaminergic neurons governed by a conserved developmental transcription factor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.25.221069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression of Wnt5a defines the major progenitors of fetal and adult Leydig cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.25.221069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leydig cells (LCs) are the major androgen-producing cells in the testes. They arise from steroidogenic progenitors, whose origins, maintenance and differentiation dynamics remain largely unknown. Here, we identified Wnt5a as a specific marker of steroidogenic progenitors, whose expression begins at around E11.5-E12.5 in interstitial cells of the fetal mouse testis. In vivo lineage tracing indicates that Wnt5a-expressing progenitors are initially present in large numbers in the fetal testis and then progressively decrease as development progresses. We provide evidence that Wnt5a-expressing cells are bona fide progenitors of peritubular myoid cells as well as fetal and adult LCs, contributing to most of the LCs present in the fetal and adult testis. Additionally, we show in the adult testis that Wnt5a expression is restricted to a subset of LCs exhibiting a slow but noticeable clonal expansion, revealing hitherto unappreciated proliferation of fully differentiated LCs as a contribution to the adult LC pool.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ademi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevant, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rands, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conne, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.25.221069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression of Wnt5a defines the major progenitors of fetal and adult Leydig cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.228767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motor cortical dynamics are shaped by multiple distinct subspaces during naturalistic behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.228767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Behavior relies on continuous influx of sensory information about the body. In primates, motor cortex must integrate somatic feedback to accurately reach and manipulate objects. Yet, prior work demonstrates that motor cortex is well-described with deterministic, rather than input-driven, dynamics. Deterministic dynamics facilitate robust movement generation, but flexible motor output requires rapid responses to unexpected inputs. Here, we resolved this paradox by simultaneously recording neural population activity in motor and somatosensory cortex from four monkeys performing a naturalistic object interaction behavior resulting in occasional errors. Motor cortex was strikingly input-driven surrounding behavioral error correction. Intriguingly, input-driven dynamics were isolated to a subspace of the population activity that putatively captured somatosensory feedback. Using electrical stimulation of ascending somatosensory tracts, we causally verified that this feedback subspace captured peripheral inputs to cortex. Our results demonstrate that cortical activity is compartmentalized within distinct subspaces, enabling flexible integration of salient inputs for robust behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perich, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogaard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barra, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wurth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtine, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capogrosso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milekovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.30.228767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motor cortical dynamics are shaped by multiple distinct subspaces during naturalistic behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.02.233007v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A constitutively monomeric UVR8 photoreceptor allele confers enhanced UV-B photomorphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.02.233007v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The plant UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 plays an important role in UV-B acclimation and survival. UV-B absorption by homodimeric UVR8 induces its monomerization and interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1, leading ultimately to gene expression changes. UVR8 is inactivated through redimerization, facilitated by RUP1 and RUP2. Here, we describe a novel semi-dominant, hyperactive allele, namely uvr8-17D, that harbors a glycine-101 to serine mutation. UVR8G101S-overexpression led to weak constitutive photomorphogenesis and extreme UV-B responsiveness. UVR8G101S was observed to be predominantly monomeric in vivo and, once activated by UV-B, was not efficiently inactivated. Analysis of a UVR8G101S crystal structure revealed the distortion of a loop region normally involved in stabilization of the UVR8 homodimer. Plants expressing a UVR8 variant combining G101S with the previously described W285A mutation exhibited robust constitutive photomorphogenesis. This work provides further insight into UVR8 activation and inactivation mechanisms, and describes a genetic tool for the manipulation of photomorphogenic responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Podolec, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagnon, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.02.233007</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A constitutively monomeric UVR8 photoreceptor allele confers enhanced UV-B photomorphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.245050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal structures of Arabidopsis and Physcomitrella CR4 reveal the molecular architecture of CRINKLY4 receptor kinases. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.245050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant-unique receptor kinases harbor conserved cytoplasmic kinase domains and sequence-diverse ectodomains. Here we report crystal structures of CRINKLY4-type ectodomains from Arabidopsis ACR4 and Physcomitrella patens PpCR4 at 1.95 [A] and 2.70 [A] resolution, respectively. Monomeric CRINKLY4 ectodomains harbor a N-terminal WD40 domain and a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) connected by a short linker. The WD40 domain forms a seven-bladed {beta}-propeller with the N-terminal strand buried in its center. Each propeller blade is stabilized by a disulfide bond and contributes to the formation of a putative ligand binding groove. The CRD forms a {beta}-sandwich structure stabilized by six disulfide bonds and shares low structural homology with tumor necrosis factor receptor domains. Quantitative binding assays reveal that ACR4 is not a direct receptor for the peptide hormone CLE40. An ACR4 variant lacking the entire CRD can rescue the known acr4-2 mutant phenotype, as can expression of PpCR4. Together, an evolutionary conserved signaling function for CRINKLY4 receptor kinases is encoded in its WD40 domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okuda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.10.245050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal structures of Arabidopsis and Physcomitrella CR4 reveal the molecular architecture of CRINKLY4 receptor kinases.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.12.247544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinesin-1 motility traced by an activity-based precipitating dye 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.12.247544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kinesin-1 is a processive motor protein that uses ATP-derived energy to transport a variety of intracellular cargoes toward the cell periphery. As tracks for cargo delivery, kinesin-1 uses a subset of microtubules within the dense microtubule network. It is still debated what defines the specific binding of kinesin-1 to a subset of microtubules. Therefore, the ability to visualize and monitor kinesin transport in live cells is critical to study the myriad of functions associated with cargo trafficking. Herein we report the discovery of a fluorogenic small molecule substrate for kinesin-1 that yields a precipitating dye. The activity of kinesin-1 thus leaves a fluorescent trail along its walking path and can be visualized without loss of signal due to diffusion. Kinesin-1 specific transport of cargo from the Golgi appears as trails of fluorescence over time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Angerani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klena, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bleck, C. K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winssinger, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.12.247544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinesin-1 motility traced by an activity-based precipitating dye]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.251090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methylene Blue has a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of UV-activation in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.251090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methylene blue is an FDA and EMA approved drug with an excellent safety profile. It displays broad-spectrum virucidal activity in the presence of UV light and has been shown to be effective in inactivating various viruses in blood products prior to transfusions. In addition, its use has been validated for methemoglobinemia and malaria treatment. Here we show the virucidal activity of methylene blue at low micromolar concentrations and in the absence of UV activation against SARS-CoV2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cagno, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medaglia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerny, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerny, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapparel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerny, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.14.251090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methylene Blue has a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of UV-activation in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.251173v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Humanization of Drosophila Gαo to model GNAO1 paediatric encephalopathies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.251173v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several hundred genes have been identified to contribute to epilepsy - the disease affecting 65 million people worldwide. One of these genes is GNAO1 encoding Go, the major neuronal -subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. An avalanche of dominant de novo mutations in GNAO1 have been recently described in paediatric epileptic patients, suffering in addition to epilepsy from motor dysfunction and developmental delay. Although occurring in amino acids conserved from humans to Drosophila, these mutations and their functional consequences have only poorly been analysed at the biochemical or neuronal levels. Adequate animal models to study molecular aetiology of GNAO1 encephalopathies have also so far been lacking. As the first step towards modelling the disease in Drosophila, we here describe humanization of the Go locus in the fruit fly. A two-step CRISPR/Cas9-mediated replacement was conducted, first substituting the coding exons 2-3 of Go with respective human GNAO1 sequences. At the next step, the remaining exons 4-7 were similarly replaced, keeping intact the gene Cyp49a1 embedded in-between, as well as the non-coding exon 1 and the surrounding regulatory sequences. The resulting flies, homozygous for the humanized GNAO1 loci, are viable and fertile without any visible phenotypes; their body weight and longevity are also normal. Human Go-specific antibodies confirm the endogenous-level expression of the humanized Go, which fully replaces the Drosophila functions. The genetic model we established will make it easy to incorporate encephalopathic GNAO1 mutations and will permit intensive investigations into the molecular aetiology of the human disease through the powerful toolkit of Drosophila genetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Savitsky, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solis, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katanaev, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.14.251173</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Humanization of Drosophila Gαo to model GNAO1 paediatric encephalopathies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adrenomedullin-CALCRL Axis Controls Relapse-Initiating Drug Tolerant Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug tolerant leukemic cell subpopulations may explain frequent relapses in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), suggesting that these Relapse-Initiating Cells (RICs) persistent after chemotherapy represent bona fide targets to prevent drug resistance and relapse. We uncovered that the G-protein coupled receptor CALCRL is expressed in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and RICs, and that the overexpression of CALCRL and/or of its ligand adrenomedullin (ADM) and not CGRP correlates to adverse outcome in AML. CALCRL knockdown impairs leukemic growth, decreases LSC frequency and sensitizes to cytarabine in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Mechanistically, the ADM-CALCRL axis drives cell cycle, DNA repair and mitochondrial OxPHOS function of AML blasts dependent on E2F1 and BCL2. Finally, CALCRL depletion reduces LSC frequency of RICs post-chemotherapy in vivo. In summary, our data highlight a critical role of ADM-CALCRL in post-chemotherapy persistence of these cells, and disclose a promising therapeutic target to prevent relapse in AML.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Larrue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guiraud, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouchel, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farge, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotanegre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saland, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travers-Nicolau, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabatier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serhan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouche, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heydt, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aroua, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaoma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angenendt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikesch, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schliemann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamburini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Recher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarry, J.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.253542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adrenomedullin-CALCRL Axis Controls Relapse-Initiating Drug Tolerant Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial determinants of response and resistance to venetoclax plus cytarabine duplet therapy in acute myeloid leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of resistance to conventional and targeted therapy represents a major clinical barrier in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We show that the resistance to cytarabine (AraC) and its associated mitochondrial phenotype were reversed by genetic silencing or pharmacological inhibition of BCL2 in a caspase-dependent manner. BCL2-inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) enhancement of AraC efficacy was independent of differentiation phenotype, a characteristic of response to another combination of VEN with hypomethylating agents (HMA). Furthermore, transcriptional profiles of patients with low response to VEN+AraC mirrored those of low responders to VEN+HMA in clinical trials. OxPHOS was found to be a patient stratification marker predictive of effective response to VEN+AraC but not to VEN+AZA. Importantly, whereas three cell subpopulations specifically emerged in VEN+AraC residual disease and were characterized by distinct developmental and transcriptional programs largely driven by MITF, E2F4 and p53 regulons, they each encoded proteins involved in assembly of NADH dehydrogenase complex. Notably, treatment of VEN+AraC-persisting AML cells with an ETCI inhibitor significantly increased the time-to-relapse in vivo. These findings provide the scientific rationale for new clinical trials of VEN+AraC combinations, especially in patients relapsing or non-responsive to chemotherapy, or after failure of frontline VEN+HMA regimen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bosc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadaud, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bousard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabatier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cognet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saland, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farge, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotanegre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aroua, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouchel, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larrue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarrou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rambow, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicot, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamburini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fournie, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaoma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marine, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Recher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joffre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarry, J.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.253856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial determinants of response and resistance to venetoclax plus cytarabine duplet therapy in acute myeloid leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.259705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Graph Pose: a semi-supervised deep graphical model for improved animal pose tracking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.259705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Noninvasive behavioral tracking of animals is crucial for many scientific investigations. Recent transfer learning approaches for behavioral tracking have considerably advanced the state of the art. Typically these methods treat each video frame and each object to be tracked independently. In this work, we improve on these methods (particularly in the regime of few training labels) by leveraging the rich spatiotemporal structures pervasive in behavioral video -- specifically, the spatial statistics imposed by physical constraints (e.g., paw to elbow distance), and the temporal statistics imposed by smoothness from frame to frame. We propose a probabilistic graphical model built on top of deep neural networks, Deep Graph Pose (DGP), to leverage these useful spatial and temporal constraints, and develop an efficient structured variational approach to perform inference in this model. The resulting semi-supervised model exploits both labeled and unlabeled frames to achieve significantly more accurate and robust tracking while requiring users to label fewer training frames. In turn, these tracking improvements enhance performance on downstream applications, including robust unsupervised segmentation of behavioral "syllables," and estimation of interpretable "disentangled" low-dimensional representations of the full behavioral video. Open source code is available at https://github.com/paninski-lab/deepgraphpose.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteway, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schartner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meijer, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Everett, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norovich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salzman, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelaki, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>International Brain Laboratory, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.20.259705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Graph Pose: a semi-supervised deep graphical model for improved animal pose tracking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.266692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local and substrate-specific S-palmitoylation determines subcellular localization of Gαo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.266692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peripheral membrane proteins (PMPs) associate with cellular membranes through post-translational modifications like S-palmitoylation. The Golgi apparatus is generally viewed as the transitory station where palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) modify PMPs, which are then transported to their ultimate destinations such as the plasma membrane (PM). However, little substrate specificity among the many PATs has been determined. Here we describe the inherent partitioning of Go - -subunit of heterotrimeric Go proteins - to PM and Golgi, independent from Golgi-to-PM transport. A minimal code within Go N-terminus governs its compartmentalization and re-coding produces G protein versions with shifted localization. We establish the S-palmitoylation at the outer nuclear membrane assay ("SwissKASH") to probe substrate specificity of PATs in intact cells. With this assay, we show that PATs localizing to different membrane compartments display remarkable substrate selectivity, which is the basis for PMP compartmentalization. Our findings uncover a mechanism governing protein localization and establish the basis for innovative drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Solis, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valnohova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katanaev, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.25.266692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local and substrate-specific S-palmitoylation determines subcellular localization of Gαo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.269563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cold Exposure Protects from Neuroinflammation Through Immunologic Reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.269563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autoimmunity is energetically costly, but the impact of a metabolically active state on immunity and immune-mediated diseases is unclear. Ly6Chi monocytes are key effectors in CNS autoimmunity with elusive role in priming naive autoreactive T cells. Here we provide unbiased analysis of the immune changes in various compartments during cold exposure, and show that this energetically costly stimulus markedly ameliorates active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Cold exposure decreases MHCII on monocytes at steady-state and in various inflammatory mouse models, and suppresses T cell priming and pathogenicity through the modulation of monocytes. Genetic, or antibody-mediated monocyte depletion, or adoptive transfer of Th1- or Th17-polarized cells for EAE abolish the cold-induced effects on T cells or EAE, respectively. These findings provide a mechanistic link between environmental temperature and neuroinflammation, and suggest competition between cold-induced metabolic adaptations and autoimmunity as energetic trade-off beneficial for the immune-mediated diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spiljar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbach, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Zamorano, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadadi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincenti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochat, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreutzfeldt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stojanovic, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cansever, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajkovski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.28.269563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cold Exposure Protects from Neuroinflammation Through Immunologic Reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.29.273557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Morphological plasticity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and acclimation to micropollutant stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.29.273557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phytoplankton are characterized by a great phenotypic plasticity and amazing morphological variability, both playing a primary role in the acclimation to changing environments. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning the role of algal morphological plasticity in stress responses and acclimation to micropollutants. The present study aims examining the palmelloid colony formation of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii upon micropollutants exposure.

Cells were exposed to four micropollutants (MPs) with different modes of action (copper, cadmium, PFOS and paraquat) for a duration of 72h. Effects of MPs on palmelloid formation, growth and physiological traits (chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane integrity and oxidative stress) were monitored via flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Palmelloid formation was observed upon treatment with the four micropollutants. Number of palmelloid colonies and their size were dependent on MP concentration and exposure duration. Cells reverted to their unicellular lifestyle when colonies were harvested and inoculated in fresh medium indicating that palmelloid formation is a plastic response to micropollutants. No physiological effects of these compounds were observed in cells forming palmelloids and palmelloid colonies accumulated lower Cd concentration than unicellular C. reinhardtii suggesting that colony formation protects the cells form MPs exposure. The results show that colony formation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a stress response strategy activated to face sub-lethal micropollutant concentrations.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LISub-lethal concentrations of micropollutants (MPs) induce palmelloid formation in C. reinhardtii
C_LIO_LIMorphological changes are not associated to adverse effects on algal cells
C_LIO_LIPalmelloid formation is transitory, cells revert to unicellular lifestyle in the absence of MPs
C_LIO_LICells within large colonies experience lower Cd exposure than unicellular C. reinhardtii
C_LIO_LIPalmelloid formation is a morphological stress response that plays a role in cells acclimation to MPs
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheloni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slaveykova, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.29.273557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Morphological plasticity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and acclimation to micropollutant stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.274043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.274043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Light triggers chloroplast differentiation whereby the etioplast transforms into a photosynthesizing chloroplast and the thylakoid rapidly emerges. However, the sequence of events during chloroplast differentiation remains poorly understood. Using Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM), we generated a series of chloroplast 3D reconstructions during differentiation, revealing chloroplast number and volume and the extent of envelope and thylakoid membrane surfaces. Furthermore, we used quantitative lipid and whole proteome data to complement the (ultra)structural data, providing a time-resolved, multi-dimensional description of chloroplast differentiation. This showed two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis: an initial photosynthesis-enabling  Structure Establishment Phase followed by a  Chloroplast Proliferation Phase during cell expansion. Moreover, these data detail thylakoid membrane expansion during de-etiolation at the seedling level and the relative contribution and differential regulation of proteins and lipids at each developmental stage. Altogether, we establish a roadmap for chloroplast differentiation, a critical process for plant photoautotrophic growth and survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pipitone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eicke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glauser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falconet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uwizeye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pralon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeeman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demarsy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.30.274043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.279521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulating the outcome of amyloid treatments in Alzheimer's Disease from multi-modal imaging and clinical data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.279521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study we investigate a novel quantitative instrument for the development of intervention strategies for disease modifying drugs in Alzheimers disease. Our framework is based on the modeling of the spatio-temporal dynamics governing the joint evolution of imaging and clinical biomarkers along the history of the disease, and allows the simulation of the effect of intervention time and drug dosage on the biomarkers progression. When applied to multi-modal imaging and clinical data from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative our method enables to generate hypothetical scenarios of amyloid lowering interventions. The results quantify the crucial role of intervention time, and provide a theoretical justification for testing amyloid modifying drugs in the pre-clinical stage. Our experimental simulations are compatible with the outcomes observed in past clinical trials, and suggest that anti-amyloid treatments should be administered at least 7 years earlier than what is currently being done in order to obtain statistically powered improvement of clinical endpoints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abi Nader, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayache, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frisoni, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.02.279521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulating the outcome of amyloid treatments in Alzheimer's Disease from multi-modal imaging and clinical data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.281337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single nuclei transcriptomic analysis of the Atlantic salmon gill through smoltification and seawater transfer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.281337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anadromous salmonids begin life adapted to the freshwater environments of their natal streams before a developmental transition, known as smoltification, transforms them into marine-adapted fish. In the wild, the extending photoperiods of spring stimulates smoltification, typified by radical reprogramming of the gill from an ion-absorbing organ to ion-excreting organ. Prior work has highlighted the role of specialized "mitochondrion-rich" cells in delivering this phenotype. However, transcriptomic studies identify thousands of smoltification-driven differentially regulated genes, indicating that smoltification causes a multifaceted, multicellular change; but direct evidence of this is lacking.

Here, we use single-nuclei RNAseq to characterize the Atlantic salmon gill during smoltification and seawater transfer. We identify 20 distinct clusters of nuclei, including known, but also novel gill cell types. These data allow us to isolate cluster-specific, smoltification-induced changes in gene expression. We also show how cellular make-up of the gill changes through smoltification. As expected, we noted an increase in the proportion of seawater mitochondrion-rich cells, however, we also identify a reduction of several immune-related cells. Overall, our results provide unrivaled detail of the cellular complexity in the gill and suggest that smoltification triggers unexpected immune reprogramming directly preceding seawater entry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>West, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizoro, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ince, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iversen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nome, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandve, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loudon, A. S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazlerigg, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.03.281337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single nuclei transcriptomic analysis of the Atlantic salmon gill through smoltification and seawater transfer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.288886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From scales to armour: scale losses and trunk bony plate gains in ray-finned fishes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.288886v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actinopterygians (ray-finned fishes) are the most diversified group of vertebrates and are characterized by a variety of protective structures covering their tegument, the evolution of which has intrigued biologists for decades. Paleontological records showed that the first mineralized vertebrate skeleton was composed of dermal bony plates covering the body, including odontogenic and skeletogenic components. Later in evolution, the exoskeleton of actinopterygians trunk was composed of scale structures. Although scales are nowadays a widespread tegument cover, some contemporary lineages do not have scales but bony plates covering their trunk, whereas other lineages are devoid of any such structures. To understand the evolution of the tegument coverage and particularly the transition between different structures, we investigated the pattern of scale loss events along actinopterygian evolution and addressed the functional relationship between the scaleless phenotype and the ecology of fishes. Furthermore, we examined whether the emergence of trunk bony plates was dependent over the presence or absence of scales. To this aim, we used two recently published actinopterygian phylogenies, one including > 11,000 species, and by using stochastic mapping and Bayesian methods, we inferred scale loss events and trunk bony plate acquisitions. Our results reveal that a scaled tegument is the most frequent state in actinopterygians, but multiple independent scale loss events occurred along their phylogeny with essentially no scale re-acquisition. Based on linear mixed models, we found evidence supporting that after a scale loss event, fishes tend to change their ecology and adopt a benthic lifestyle. Furthermore, we show that trunk bony plates appeared independently multiple times along the phylogeny. By using fitted likelihood models for character evolution, we show that trunk bony plate acquisitions were dependent over a previous scale loss event. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that tegument cover is a key evolutionary trait underlying actinopterygian radiation.

Impact SummaryRay-finned fishes (actinopterygians) are the most diverse vertebrate group in the world. The majority of these fishes possess scales as a protective shield covering their trunk. However, several lineages display a body armour composed of trunk bony plates or are devoid of any protective structures. The diversity and the transitions between different tegument coverage types have not been previously studied in an evolutionary framework. Here, we investigate which structure was present at the origin of ray-finned fishes and how the different phenotypes emerged through time.

We show that a scaled tegument was the most widespread sate along ray-finned fish evolution, yet scale losses occurred multiple independent times, while acquiring scales again almost never happened. Moreover, we reveal that scaleless teguments most probably led species to change their ecology and colonise the floors of oceans and water bodies. The functional advantages of a scaleless tegument in a benthic environment are yet to be demonstrated, but the increased cutaneous respiration could be an explanation. We show that trunk bony plates also emerged independently multiple times along the evolution of ray-finned fishes but these armours protecting the trunk can only appear after a scale loss event. Therefore, while the acquisitions of trunk bony plates are phylogenetically independent, they need a "common ground" to emerge. All together, our findings provide evidence that the various tegument covers have contributed to the outstanding diversification of ray-finned fishes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lemopoulos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya-Burgos, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.288886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From scales to armour: scale losses and trunk bony plate gains in ray-finned fishes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.290106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unraveling the Developmental Dynamic of Visual Exploration of Social Interactions in Autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.290106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Atypical deployment of social gaze is present early on in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Yet, studies characterizing the developmental dynamic behind it are scarce. Here we used a data-driven method to delineate the developmental change in visual exploration of social interaction over childhood years in autism. Longitudinal eye-tracking data were acquired as children with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers freely explored a short cartoon movie. We found divergent moment-to-moment gaze patterns in children with ASD compared to their TD peers. This divergence was particularly evident in sequences that displayed social interactions between characters and even more so in children with lower developmental and functional levels. The basic visual properties of the animated scene did not account for the enhanced divergence. Over childhood years, these differences dramatically increased to become more idiosyncratic. These findings suggest that social attention should be targeted early in clinical treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kojovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franchini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperdin, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoeller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.290106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unraveling the Developmental Dynamic of Visual Exploration of Social Interactions in Autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.16.299859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rhythmic expression of Neurofibromin 1 in mushroom body neurons mediates circadian wake drive through activating cAMP-PKA signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.16.299859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Various behavioral and cognitive states exhibit circadian variations in animals across phyla including Drosophila, in which only [~]0.1% of the entire brain neurons contain circadian clocks. This suggests that clock neurons communicate with a plethora of non-clock neurons to transmit the timing information to gate various behavioral outputs in Drosophila. Here, we address the molecular underpinning of this phenomenon by performing circadian RNA-seq analysis of non-clock neurons that constitute the mushroom body (MB), the center of information processing and sleep regulation. We identify hundreds of genes rhythmically expressed in the MB, including the Drosophila ortholog of Neurofibromin 1 (Nf1), the gene responsible for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Rhythmic expression of Nf1 promotes daytime wakefulness by activating cAMP-PKA signaling and increasing excitability of the MB. These findings reveal the pervasive, non-cell-autonomous circadian regulation of gene expression in the brain and its role in sleep, with implications in the pathology of NF1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Almeida, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solis, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feidler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagoshi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.16.299859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rhythmic expression of Neurofibromin 1 in mushroom body neurons mediates circadian wake drive through activating cAMP-PKA signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of Hypostomus shed light on the processes of fish diversification in La Plata Basin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distribution history of the widespread Neotropical genus Hypostomus to shed light on the processes that shaped species diversity. We inferred a calibrated phylogeny; ancestral habitat preference, ancestral areas distribution, and the history of dispersal and vicariance events of this genus. The phylogenetic and distributional analyses indicate that Hypostomus species inhabiting La Plata Basin do not form a monophyletic clade, suggesting that several unrelated ancestral species colonized this basin in the Miocene ([~]17 Mya). Dispersal to other rivers of La Plata Basin started about 8 Mya, followed by habitat shifts and an increased rate of cladogenesis. Amazonian Hypostomus species colonized La Plata Basin several times in the Middle Miocene, probably via the Upper Parana and the Paraguay rivers that acted as biogeographic corridors. During the Miocene, La Plata Basin experienced marine incursions; and geomorphological and climatic changes that reconfigured its drainage pattern, driving the dispersal and diversification of Hypostomus. The Miocene marine incursion was a strong barrier and its retraction triggered Hypostomus dispersal, increased speciation rate and ecological diversification. The timing of hydrogeological changes in La Plata Basin coincides well with Hypostomus cladogenetic events, indicating that the history of this basin has acted on the diversification of its biota.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cardoso, Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Queiroz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya-Burgos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahechar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posadas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.22.308064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of Hypostomus shed light on the processes of fish diversification in La Plata Basin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.23.309526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dorsal to ventral imbalance in the superior longitudinal fasciculus mediates methylphenidate's effect on beta oscillations in ADHD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.23.309526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWhile pharmacological treatment with Methylphenidate (MPH) is a first line intervention for ADHD, its mechanisms of action have yet to be elucidated. In a previous MEG study, we demonstrated that MPH in ADHD normalizes beta depression in preparation to motor responses (1). We here seek to identify the white matter tracts that mediate MPHs effect on beta oscillations.

MethodsWe implemented a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, where boys diagnosed with ADHD underwent behavioral and MEG measurements during a spatial attention task while on and off MPH. Results were compared with an age/IQ-matched typically developing (TD) group performing the same task. Estimates of white matter tracts were obtained through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Based on aprioristic selection model criteria, we sought to determine the fiber tracts associated with electrophysiological, behavioral and clinical features of attentional functions.

ResultsWe identified three main tracts: the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ( parietal endings) (SLFp) and Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ( temporal endings) (SLFt). ADHD symptoms severity was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA) within the ATR. In addition, individuals with relatively higher FA in SLFp compared to SLFt showed faster and more accurate behavioral responses to MPH. Furthermore, the same parieto-temporal FA gradient explained the effects of MPH on beta modulation: subjects with ADHD exhibiting higher FA in SLFp compared to SLFt also displayed greater effects of MPH on beta power during response preparation.

ConclusionsBased on MPHs modulatory effects on striatal dopamine levels, our data suggest that the behavioral deficits and aberrant oscillatory modulations observed in ADHD depend on a structural connectivity imbalance within the SLF, caused by a diffusivity gradient in favor of temporal rather than parietal, fiber tracts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mazzetti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales Damatac, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprooten, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ter Huurne, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.23.309526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dorsal to ventral imbalance in the superior longitudinal fasciculus mediates methylphenidate's effect on beta oscillations in ADHD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.24.311126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylated paxillin and FAK constitute subregions within focal adhesions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.24.311126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Integrin-mediated adhesions are convergence points of multiple signaling pathways. Their inner structure and their diverse functions can be studied with super-resolution microscopy. We used structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to analyze spatial organization of paxillin phosphorylation (pPax) within adhesions. We found that pPax and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) form spot-like, spatially defined clusters within adhesions in several cell lines. In contrast, other adhesion proteins showed no consistent organization in such clusters. Live-cell super-resolution imaging revealed that pPax-FAK clusters persist over time but modify distance to each other dynamically. Moreover, we show that the distance between separate clusters of pPax is mechanosensitive. Thus, in this work we introduce a new structural organization within focal adhesions and demonstrate its regulation and dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bachmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skripka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehrle-Haller, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastmeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.24.311126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylated paxillin and FAK constitute subregions within focal adhesions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.24.311423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early alterations of large-scale brain networkstemporal dynamics in young children with autism. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.24.311423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disruption of large-scale brain networks is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Recently, we found that directed functional connectivity alterations of social brain networks are a core component of atypical brain development at early developmental stages in ASD (Sperdin et al., 2018). Here, we investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks at a subsecond scale in 90 toddlers and preschoolers (47 with ASD) using an EEG microstate approach. Results revealed the presence of five microstate classes that best described the entire dataset (labeled as microstate classes A-E). Microstate class C related to the Default Mode Network (DMN) occurred less in children with ASD. Analysis of brain-behavioural relationships within the ASD group suggested that a compensatory mechanism from microstate C was associated with less severe symptoms and better adaptive skills. These results demonstrate that the temporal properties of some specific EEG microstates are altered in ASD at early developmental stages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bochet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperdin, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rihs, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franchini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.24.311423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early alterations of large-scale brain networkstemporal dynamics in young children with autism.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.312785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An early cortical progenitor-specific mechanism regulates thalamocortical innervation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.312785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cortical subplate is critical in regulating the entry of thalamocortical sensory afferents into the cortex. These afferents reach the subplate at embryonic day (E)15.5 in the mouse, but "wait" for several days, entering the cortical plate postnatally. We report that when transcription factor Lhx2 is lost in E11.5 cortical progenitors, which give rise to subplate neurons, thalamocortical afferents display premature, exuberant innervation of the E15.5 cortex. Embryonic mutant subplate neurons are correctly positioned below the cortical plate, but they display an altered transcriptome and immature electrophysiological properties during the waiting period. The sensory thalamus in these cortex-specific Lhx2 mutants displays atrophy, eventually leading to severe deficits in thalamocortical innervation. Strikingly, these phenotypes do not manifest if Lhx2 is lost in postmitotic subplate neurons. These results demonstrate a mechanism operating in subplate progenitors that has profound consequences on the growth of thalamocortical axons into the cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwivedi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramanik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godbole, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwasato, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhalla, U. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tole, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.25.312785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An early cortical progenitor-specific mechanism regulates thalamocortical innervation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.323550v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How motivational signals disrupt metacognitive signals in the human VMPFC. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.323550v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A growing body of evidence suggests that, during decision-making, BOLD signal in the VMPFC correlates both with motivational variables - such as incentives and expected values - and metacognitive variables - such as confidence judgments, which reflect the subjective probability of being correct. At the behavioral level, we recently demonstrated that the value of monetary stakes bias confidence judgments, with gain (respectively loss) prospects increasing (respectively decreasing) confidence judgments, even for similar levels of difficulty and performance. If and how this value-confidence interaction is also reflected in VMPFC signals remains unknown. Here, we used an incentivized perceptual decision-making task that dissociates key decision-making variables, thereby allowing to test several hypotheses about the role of the VMPFC in the incentive-confidence interaction. While initial analyses seemingly indicate that VMPFC combines incentives and confidence to form an expected value signal, we falsified this conclusion with a meticulous dissection of qualitative activation patterns. Rather, our results show that strong VMPFC confidence signals observed in trials with gain prospects are disrupted in trials with no - or negative (loss) monetary prospects. Deciphering how decision variables are represented and interact at finer scales (population codes, individual neurons) seems necessary to better understand biased (meta)cognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoven, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Boer, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goudriaan, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Holst, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luigjes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebreton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.02.323550</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How motivational signals disrupt metacognitive signals in the human VMPFC.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.05.325985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trans-generational inheritance of centromere identity requires the CENP-A N-terminal tail in the C. elegans maternal germ line 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.05.325985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromere protein A (CENP-A) is a histone H3 variant that defines centromeric chromatin and is essential for centromere function. In most eukaryotes CENP-A-containing chromatin is epigenetically maintained, and centromere identity is inherited from one cell cycle to the next. In the germ line of the holocentric nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, this inheritance cycle is disrupted. CENP-A is removed at the mitosis-to-meiosis transition and is established de novo on chromatin during diplotene of meiosis I. Here we show that the N-terminal tail of CENP-A is required for the de novo establishment of centromeres, but dispensable for centromere maintenance during embryogenesis. Worms homozygous for a CENP-A tail deletion maintain a functional centromere during development, but give rise to inviable offspring because they fail to re-establish centromeres in the maternal germ line. We identify the N-terminal tail of CENP-A as a critical domain for the interaction with the conserved kinetochore protein KNL-2, and argue that this interaction plays an important role in setting centromere identity in the germ line. We conclude that centromere establishment and maintenance are functionally distinct in C. elegans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prosee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaney, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwager, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.05.325985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trans-generational inheritance of centromere identity requires the CENP-A N-terminal tail in the C. elegans maternal germ line]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.328419v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dominant monoallelic variant in the PAK2 gene causes Knobloch syndrome type 2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.328419v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Knobloch syndrome is an autosomal recessive phenotype mainly characterized by retinal detachment and encephalocele caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the COL18A1 gene. However, there are patients clinically diagnosed as Knobloch syndrome with unknown molecular etiology not linked to COL18A1. We studied an historical pedigree (published in 1998) designated as KNO2 (Knobloch type 2 syndrome with intellectual disability, autistic behavior, retinal degeneration, encephalocele). Whole exome sequencing of the two affected siblings and the normal parents resulted in the identification of a PAK2 non-synonymous substitution p.(Glu435Lys) as a causative variant. The variant was monoallelic and apparently de novo in both siblings indicating a likely germline mosaicism in one of the parents; the mosaicism however could not be observed after deep sequencing of blood parental DNA. PAK2 encodes a member of a small group of serine/threonine kinases; these P21-activating kinases (PAKs) are essential in signal transduction and cellular regulation (cytoskeletal dynamics, cell motility, death and survival signaling, and cell cycle progression). Structural analysis of the PAK2 p.(Glu435Lys) variant which is located in the kinase domain of the protein predicts a possible compromise in the kinase activity. Functional analysis of the p.(Glu435Lys) PAK2 variant in transfected HEK293T cells results in a partial loss of the kinase activity. PAK2 has been previously suggested as an autism related gene. Our results show that PAK2 induced phenotypic spectrum is broad and not fully understood. We conclude that the KNO2 syndrome in the studied family is dominant and caused by a deleterious variant in the PAK2 gene.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holoubek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rapti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rademaker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meylan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwaszkiewicz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoete, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BOREL, C. c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menzel, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzelova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoni, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.328419</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dominant monoallelic variant in the PAK2 gene causes Knobloch syndrome type 2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.329664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Schengen-pathway controls spatially separated and chemically distinct lignin deposition in the endodermis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.329664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lignin is a complex polymer precisely deposited in the cell wall of specialised plant cells, where it provides essential cellular functions. Plants coordinate timing, location, abundance and composition of lignin deposition in response to endogenous and exogenous cues. In roots, a fine band of lignin, the Casparian strip encircles endodermal cells. This forms an extracellular barrier to solutes and water and plays a critical role in maintaining nutrient homeostasis. A signalling pathway senses the integrity of this diffusion barrier and can induce over-lignification to compensate for barrier defects. Here, we report that activation of this endodermal sensing mechanism triggers a transcriptional reprogramming strongly inducing the phenylpropanoid pathway and immune signaling. This leads to deposition of compensatory lignin that is chemically distinct from Casparian strip lignin. We also report that a complete loss of endodermal lignification drastically impacts mineral nutrients homeostasis and plant growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reyt, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishna, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salas-Gonzalez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiemessen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapierre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morreel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvo Polanco, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geldner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boursiac, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerjan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castrillo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salt, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.07.329664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Schengen-pathway controls spatially separated and chemically distinct lignin deposition in the endodermis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.12.335687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Education and income show heterogeneous relationships to lifespan brain and cognitive differences across European and US cohorts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.12.335687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Socio-economic status (SES) has been proposed to have facilitating and protective effects on brain and cognition. Here we show that relationships between SES, brain volumes and general cognitive ability differ significantly across European and US cohorts (4-97 years, N {approx} 500,000; 54,000 with brain imaging). Education was positively related to intracranial (ICV) and total brain gray matter (GM) volume. Income was related to ICV, but not GM. Relationships varied significantly across samples, and SES was more strongly related to brain and cognition in US than European cohorts. Differences in neuroanatomical volumes explained part of the SES-cognition relationships. SES was more strongly related to ICV than to GM, implying that SES-cognition relations in adulthood are less likely grounded in neuroprotective effects on GM volume in aging. Rather, a relationship may be established early in life. The findings underscore that SES has no uniform association with, or impact on, brain and cognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walhovd, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fjell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amlien, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowinckel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindenberger, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duezel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartres-Faz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebmeier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drevon, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barre, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghisletta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kievit, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henson, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sole-Padulles, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pudas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westerhausen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zsoldos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyngstad, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninx, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogeberg, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandmaier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.12.335687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Education and income show heterogeneous relationships to lifespan brain and cognitive differences across European and US cohorts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.339259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The claustrum-medial prefrontal cortex network controls attentional set-shifting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.339259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In various mental disorders, dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex contributes to cognitive deficits. Here we studied how the claustrum (CLA), a nucleus sharing reciprocal connections with the cortex, may participate in these cognitive impairments. We show that specific ensembles of CLA and of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons are activated during a task requiring cognitive control such as attentional set-shifting, i.e. the ability to shift attention towards newly relevant stimulus-reward associations while disengaging from irrelevant ones. CLA neurons exert a direct excitatory input on mPFC pyramidal cells, and chemogenetic inhibition of CLA neurons suppresses the formation of specific mPFC assemblies during attentional set-shifting. Furthermore, impairing the recruitment of specific CLA assemblies through opto/chemogenetic manipulations prevents attentional set-shifting. In conclusion, we propose that the CLA controls the reorganization of mPFC ensembles to enable attentional set-shifting, emphasizing a potential role of the CLA-mPFC network in attentional dysfunctions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fodoulian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gschwend, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renfer, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekundayo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.14.339259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The claustrum-medial prefrontal cortex network controls attentional set-shifting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beyond broadband: towards a spectral decomposition of EEG microstates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Originally applied to alpha oscillations in the 1970s, MS analysis has since been used to decompose mainly broadband EEG signals (e.g. 1-40 Hz). We hypothesized that MS decomposition within separate, narrow frequency bands could provide more fine-grained information for capturing the spatio-temporal complexity of multichannel EEG. In this study using a large open-access dataset (n=203), we decomposed EEG recordings into 4 classical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta) in order to compare their individual MS segmentations using mutual information as well as traditional MS measures (e.g. mean duration, time coverage). Firstly, we confirmed that MS topographies were spatially equivalent across all frequencies, matching the canonical broadband maps (A, B, C, D). Interestingly however, we observed strong informational independence of MS temporal sequences between spectral bands, together with significant divergence in traditional MS measures. For example, relative to broadband, alpha/beta band dynamics displayed greater time coverage of maps A & B, while map D was more prevalent in delta/theta bands. Moreover, by using a frequency-specificMS taxonomy (e.g. {theta}A, C), we were able to predict the eyes-open vs closed-behavioural state significantly better using alpha-band MS features compared with broadband ones (80% vs 73% accuracy). Overall, our findings demonstrate the value and validity of spectrally-specific MS analyses, which may prove useful for identifying new neural mechanisms in fundamental research and/or for biomarker discovery in clinical populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ros, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.342378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beyond broadband: towards a spectral decomposition of EEG microstates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physical activity and general cognitive functioning: A Mendelian Randomization study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Physical activity and cognitive functioning are strongly intertwined. However, the causal relationships underlying this association are still unclear. Physical activity can enhance brain functions, but healthy cognition may also promote engagement in physical activity. Here, we assessed the bidirectional relationships between physical activity and general cognitive functioning using Latent Heritable Confounder Mendelian Randomization (LHC-MR). Association data were drawn from two large-scale genome-wide association studies (UK Biobank and COGENT) on accelerometer-measured moderate, vigorous, and average physical activity (N = 91,084) and cognitive functioning (N = 257,841). After Bonferroni correction, we observed significant LHC-MR associations suggesting that increased fraction of both moderate (b = 0.32, CI95% = [0.17,0.47], P = 2.89e-05) and vigorous physical activity (b = 0.22, CI95% = [0.06,0.37], P = 0.007) lead to increased cognitive functioning. In contrast, we found no evidence of a causal effect of average physical activity on cognitive functioning, and no evidence of a reverse causal effect (cognitive functioning on any physical activity measures). These findings provide new evidence supporting a beneficial role of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on cognitive functioning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheval, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darrous, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimentidis, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichlen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutalik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisgontier, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.342675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physical activity and general cognitive functioning: A Mendelian Randomization study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mice alternate between discrete strategies during perceptual decision-making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Classical models of perceptual decision-making assume that subjects use a single, consistent strategy to form decisions, or that strategies evolve slowly over time. Here we present new analyses suggesting that this common view is incorrect. We analyzed data from mouse and human decision-making experiments and found that choice behavior relies on an interplay between multiple interleaved strategies. These strategies, characterized by states in a hidden Markov model, persist for tens to hundreds of trials before switching, and may alternate multiple times within a session. The identified mouse decision-making strategies were highly consistent across individuals and comprised a single "engaged" state, in which decisions relied heavily on the sensory stimulus, and several biased states in which errors frequently occurred. These results provide a powerful alternate explanation for "lapses" often observed in rodent psychophysical experiments, and suggest that standard measures of performance mask the presence of dramatic changes in strategy across trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ashwood, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>International Brain Laboratory, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillow, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.346353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mice alternate between discrete strategies during perceptual decision-making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.348755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low-frequency subthalamic neural oscillations are involved in explicit and implicit facial emotional processing - a local field potential study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.348755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In addition to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) role in motor control, STN deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinsons disease (PD) has also uncovered its involvement in cognitive and limbic processing. STN neural oscillations analyzed through local field potential (LFP) recordings have been shown to contribute to emotional (mostly in the alpha band [8-12 Hz]) and cognitive processing (theta [4-7 Hz] and beta [13-30 Hz] bands). In this study, we aimed at testing the hypothesis that STN oscillatory activity is involved in explicit and implicit processing of emotions. To achieve this objective, we used a task that presented patients with fearful emotional facial expressions and asked them to identify the emotion (explicit task) or gender associated with the face (implicit task). We evaluated emotion and task effects on STN neural oscillations power and intertrial phase consistency. Our results revealed that accuracy was lower in the implicit task. Increased STN delta power and decreased alpha and beta power were observed after stimulus presentation. However, there was no influence of emotional facial expression, i.e. neutral versus fear, nor task demands. Intertrial phase consistency in the delta and theta band increased after stimulus onset, in the same time-period as delta power increased. However, similarly to oscillatory power, no changes related to emotional fear expression or task demand were found.

These findings suggest that STN oscillatory activity is not specifically involved in explicit and/or implicit processing of emotions, and that power and phase synchronization changes might be more related to overall task-execution mechanisms. These conjectures remain to be confirmed.

Highlights- STN LFPs were recorded during an emotional/gender recognition task in PD patients.
- STN delta power increased, and alpha and beta power decreased after stimulus onset.
- Power changes were not influenced by emotional fearful expression or task demands.
- Delta/theta intertrial phase consistency increased after stimulus onset.
- Intertrial phase consistency was not affected by emotional valence or task demands.
- The observed STN activity was likely related to general task-execution mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dondaine, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duprez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houvenaghel, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modolo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haegelen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drapier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauleau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.348755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low-frequency subthalamic neural oscillations are involved in explicit and implicit facial emotional processing - a local field potential study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.26.354878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Roughness and dynamics of proliferating cell fronts as a probe of cell-cell interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.26.354878v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Juxtacellular interactions play an essential but still not fully understood role in both normal tissue development and tumour invasion. Using proliferating cell fronts as a model system, we explore the effects of cell-cell interactions on the geometry and dynamics of these one-dimensional biological interfaces. We observe two distinct scaling regimes of the steady state roughness of in-vitro propagating Rat1 fibroblast cell fronts, suggesting different hierarchies of interactions at sub-cell lengthscales and at a lengthscale of 2-10 cells. Pharmacological modulation significantly affects the proliferation speed of the cell fronts, and those modulators that promote cell mobility or division also lead to the most rapid evolution of cell front roughness. By comparing our experimental observations to numerical simulations of elastic cell fronts with purely short-range interactions, we demonstrate that the interactions at few-cell lengthscales play a key role. Our methodology provides a simple framework to measure and characterise the biological effects of such interactions, and could be useful in tumour phenotyping.

Proliferating cell fronts underpin wound healing, tumour invasion, and morphogenesis, and are governed by a complex and still not fully understood interplay of multiple mechanical and chemical factors. From a physics perspective, these cell fronts can be described as elastic interfaces in disordered media. Thus, analysing their geometric properties and dynamics can reveal the characteristic lengthscales of the dominant interactions, and point towards the underlying biological pathways. Here, we show that the roughness of proliferating fronts of Rat1 fibroblasts is governed by two different hierarchies of interactions, with distinct behaviour at sub-cell and few-cell lengthscales. Using in-vitro scratch assays, we find moreover that pharmacological modulators significantly affect the proliferation speed of the cell fronts as well as the evolution of their roughness, increased when cell-cell communication via gap junctions is perturbed, and decreased when cell division is repressed. We determine that our experimental observations cannot be reproduced by numerical simulations of elastic cell fronts with purely short-range interactions, demonstrating the key role of juxtacellular interactions at few-cell lengthscales. Our approach provides a simple framework to measure and characterise the biological effects of such interactions, and could be useful in tumour phenotyping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rapin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caballero, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaponenko, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziegler, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawleight, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moriggi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giamarchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paruch, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.26.354878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Roughness and dynamics of proliferating cell fronts as a probe of cell-cell interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.360362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human temporal voice areas are sensitive to chimpanzee vocalizations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.360362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript due to a duplicate posting of manuscript number BIORXIV/2025/677258. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author. The correct preprint can be found at doi: 10.1101/2025.09.19.677258
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debracque, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.29.360362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human temporal voice areas are sensitive to chimpanzee vocalizations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.363069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis Of Polycerate Mutants Reveals The Evolutionary Co-Option Of HOXD1 To Determine The Number And Topology Of Horns In Bovidae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.363069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the course of evolution, pecorans (i.e. higher ruminants) developed a remarkable diversity of osseous cranial appendages, collectively referred to as  headgear, which likely share the same origin and genetic basis. However, the nature and function of the genetic determinants underlying their number and position remain elusive. Jacob and other rare populations of sheep and goats, are characterized by polyceraty, the presence of more than two horns. Here, we characterize distinct POLYCERATE alleles in each species, both associated with defective HOXD1 function. We show that haploinsufficiency at this locus results in the splitting of horn bud primordia, likely following the abnormal extension of an initial morphogenetic field. These results highlight the key role played by this gene in headgear patterning and illustrate the evolutionary co-option of a gene involved in the early development of bilateria to properly fix the position and number of these distinctive organs of Bovidae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allais-Bonnet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hintermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deloche, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornette, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naval-Sanchez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haruda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grohs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zakany, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medugorac, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putelat, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greyvenstein, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadfield, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben Jemaa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bunevski, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menzi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirter, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paris, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedges, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palhiere, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rupp, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenstra, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gidney, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafberg, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stache, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wandhammer, M.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbogast, R.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guintard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boukadiri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riviere, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esquerre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnadieu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danchin-Burge, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Marle-Koster, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cockett, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, B. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Droege</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.04.363069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis Of Polycerate Mutants Reveals The Evolutionary Co-Option Of HOXD1 To Determine The Number And Topology Of Horns In Bovidae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.379412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HOX13-MEDIATED DBX2 REGULATION IN LIMBS SUGGESTS INTER-TAD SHARING OF ENHANCERS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.379412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDuring tetrapod limb development, the HOXA13 and HOXD13 transcription factors are critical for the emergence and organization of the autopod, the most distal aspect where digits will develop. Since previous work had suggested that the Dbx2 gene is a target of these factors, we set up to analyze in detail this potential regulatory interaction.

ResultsWe show that HOX13 proteins bind to eutherian-specific sequences at the vicinity of the Dbx2 locus that have enhancer activity in developing digits. However, the functional inactivation of the DBX2 protein did not elicit any particular phenotype related to Hox genes inactivation in digits, suggesting either redundant or compensatory mechanisms. We report that the neighboring Nell2 and Ano6 genes are also expressed in distal limb buds and are, in part, controlled by the same Dbx2 enhancers despite being localized into two different topologically associating domains (TADs) flanking the Dbx2 locus.

ConclusionsWe conclude that Hoxa13 and Hoxd genes cooperatively activate Dbx2 expression in developing digits through binding to eutherian specific regulators elements in the Dbx2 neighborhood. Furthermore, these enhancers can overcome TAD boundaries in either direction to co-regulate a set of genes located in distinct chromatin domains.

Bullet pointsO_LIHoxa13 and Hoxd genes cooperatively regulate Dbx2 expression in developing digits via eutherian specific enhancers.
C_LIO_LIDbx2 is expressed in different digit joint precursors but its function there is not essential.
C_LIO_LIDbx2 enhancers also control the expression of the Nell2 and Ano6 genes, which are located in different TADs, thus overcoming the boundary effect.
C_LIO_LIDbx2 chromatin architecture and enhancers evolved in the mammalian lineage.
C_LI

Grant Sponsor and NumberSwiss National Research Foundation #310030B_138662.

European Research Council grants RegulHox #588029
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beccari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaquier, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Carballo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woltering, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.16.379412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HOX13-MEDIATED DBX2 REGULATION IN LIMBS SUGGESTS INTER-TAD SHARING OF ENHANCERS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.22.393173v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A gene desert required for regulatory control of pleiotropic Shox2 expression and embryonic survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.22.393173v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene deserts are defined as genomic regions devoid of protein coding genes and spanning more than 500 kilobases, collectively encompassing about 25% of the human genome. Approximately 30% of all gene deserts are enriched for conserved elements with cis-regulatory signatures. These are located predominantly near developmental transcription factors (TFs) but despite predicted critical functions, the transcriptional contributions and biological necessity of most gene deserts remain elusive. Here, we explore the cis-regulatory impact of a gene desert flanking the Shox2 gene, a TF indispensable for proximal limb, craniofacial and cardiac pacemaker development. Using a functional genomics approach in mouse embryos we identify the gene desert as a hub for numerous Shox2-overlapping enhancers arranged in a globular chromatin domain with tissue-specific features. In accordance, using endogenous CRISPR deletion, we demonstrate that the gene desert interval is essential for Shox2 transcriptional control in developing limbs, craniofacial compartments, and the heart. Phenotypically, gene desert ablation leads to pacemaker-related embryonic lethality due to Shox2 depletion in the cardiac sinus venosus. We show that this role is partially mediated through a distal gene desert enhancer, providing evidence for intra-gene desert regulatory robustness. Finally, we uncover a multi-layered functional role of the gene desert by revealing an additional requirement for stylopod morphogenesis, mediated through an array of proximal limb enhancers (PLEs). In summary, our study establishes the Shox2 gene desert as a fundamental genomic unit that controls pleiotropic gene expression through modular arrangement and coordinated dynamics of tissue-specific enhancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abassah-Oppong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannion, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tissieres, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Carballo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ljubojevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Festa, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plajzer-Frick, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiyama, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barozzi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Rios, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osterwalder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.22.393173</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A gene desert required for regulatory control of pleiotropic Shox2 expression and embryonic survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.394114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Nasal Spray Solution of Grapefruit Seed Extract plus Xylitol Displays Virucidal Activity Against SARS-Cov-2 In Vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.394114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTARCTThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered worldwide concerted efforts in an attempt to identify effective therapies. In the present study, we have identified two candidate agents with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 which can be administered intranasally, namely, xylitol and grape seed fruit extract (GSE). A commercially available nasal spray (Xlear) combining xylitol and GSE has been available for years, but the antiviral effects of this solution have not been documented. This in vitro study examined the virucidal effect of Xlear against SARS-CoV-2. To this end, two independent sets of experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that Xlear is an effective (Experiment I) and replicable (Experiment II) means to deactivate SARS-CoV-2. When tested against SARS-CoV-2, the test compound GSE 0.2% was the only compound effective at reducing >3 log10 CCID50 infectious virus from, 3.67 log10 CCID50/0.1 mL to an undetectable amount of infectious virus. The present results validated by two independent sets of experiments, performed by different labs, on different viral strains, provide early evidence to encourage further pilot and clinical studies aimed at investigating the use of Xlear as a potential treatment for COVID-19
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betancour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Go, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westover, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cagno, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapparel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.23.394114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Nasal Spray Solution of Grapefruit Seed Extract plus Xylitol Displays Virucidal Activity Against SARS-Cov-2 In Vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.395632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishment of a highly efficient gene disruption strategy to analyze and manipulate lipid co-regulatory networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.395632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene disruption has been dramatically facilitated by genome editing tools. Despite improvements in gene disruption rates in cultured cells, clone isolation remains routinely performed to obtain mutants, potentially leading to artifacts due to clonal variation in cellular phenotypes. Here we report GENF, a highly efficient strategy to disrupt genes without isolating clones, which can be multiplexed. Using it, we obtained reliable lipidomics datasets from mutant cells without being affected by variances related to clone isolation. Through this, we found that an enzyme involved in congenital generalized lipodystrophy regulates glycerophospholipids with specific acyl-chains. We also demonstrate the possibility to dissect complex lipid co-regulatory mechanisms, explaining cell adaptations to altered lipid metabolism. With its simplicity and the avoidance of cloning-related artifacts, GENF is likely to contribute to many cell biology studies, especially those involving -omics approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harayama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashidate-Yoshida, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilera-Romero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morimoto, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.24.395632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishment of a highly efficient gene disruption strategy to analyze and manipulate lipid co-regulatory networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.398107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transient active osmotic swelling of epithelium upon curvature induction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.398107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Generation of tissue curvature is essential to morphogenesis. However, how cells adapt to changing curvature is still unknown because tools to dynamically control curvature in vitro are lacking. Here we developed self-rolling substrates to study how flat epithelial cell monolayers adapt to a rapid, anisotropic change of curvature. We show that the primary response is an active and transient osmotic swelling of cells. This cell volume increase is not observed on inducible wrinkled substrates, where concave and convex regions alternate each other over short distances, identifying swelling as a collective response to changes of curvature with persistent sign over large distances. It is triggered by a drop in membrane tension and actin depolymerization, perceived by cells as a hypertonic shock. Osmotic swelling restores tension while actin reorganizes, probably to comply with curvature. Epithelia are thus unique materials that transiently, actively swell while adapting to large curvature induction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tomba, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luchnikov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barberi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanch-Mercader, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.25.398107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transient active osmotic swelling of epithelium upon curvature induction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.26.399782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frontoparietal, cerebellum network codes for accurate intention prediction in altered perceptual conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.26.399782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Integrating and predicting intentions and actions of others are crucial components of social interactions, but the behavioral and neural underpinnings of such mechanisms in altered perceptual conditions remain poorly understood. We demonstrated that expertise was necessary to successfully understand and evaluate communicative intent in spatially and temporally altered visual representations of music plays, recruiting frontoparietal regions and several sub-areas of the cerebellum. Functional connectivity between these brain areas revealed widespread organization, especially in the cerebellum. This network may be essential to assess communicative intent in ambiguous or complex visual scenes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaerlaeken, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fruehholz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glowinski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.26.399782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frontoparietal, cerebellum network codes for accurate intention prediction in altered perceptual conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.26.399790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Basal ganglia and cerebellar contributions to vocal emotion processing: a high resolution fMRI study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.26.399790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Until recently, brain networks underlying emotional voice prosody decoding and processing were focused on modulations in primary and secondary auditory, ventral frontal and prefrontal cortices, and the amygdala. Growing interest for a specific role of the basal ganglia and cerebellum was recently brought into the spotlight. In the present study, we aimed at characterizing the role of such subcortical brain regions in vocal emotion processing, at the level of both brain activation and functional and effective connectivity, using high resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging. Variance explained by low-level acoustic parameters (fundamental frequency, voice energy) was also modelled. Wholebrain data revealed expected contributions of the temporal and frontal cortices, basal ganglia and cerebellum to vocal emotion processing, while functional connectivity analyses highlighted correlations between basal ganglia and cerebellum, especially for angry voices. Seed-to-seed and seed-to-voxel effective connectivity revealed direct connections within the basal ganglia especially between the putamen and external globus pallidus and between the subthalamic nucleus and the cerebellum. Our results speak in favour of crucial contributions of the basal ganglia, especially the putamen, external globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus, and several cerebellar lobules and nuclei for an efficient decoding of and response to vocal emotions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fruehholz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.26.399790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Basal ganglia and cerebellar contributions to vocal emotion processing: a high resolution fMRI study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.401117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis of the activation of the CC chemokine receptor 5 by a chemokine agonist 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.401117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a major role in inflammation and is involved in the pathology of cancer, HIV, and COVID-19. Despite its significance as a drug target, the activation mechanism of CCR5, i.e. how chemokine agonists transduce the activation signal through the receptor, is yet unknown. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of wild-type CCR5 in an active conformation bound to the chemokine super-agonist [6P4]CCL5 and the heterotrimeric Gi protein. The structure provides the rationale for the sequence-activity relation of agonist and antagonist chemokines. The N-terminus of agonist chemokines pushes onto an aromatic connector that transmits activation to the canonical GPCR microswitch network. This activation mechanism differs significantly from other CC chemokine receptors that bind shorter chemokines in a shallow binding mode and have unique sequence signatures and a specialized activation mechanism.

One-sentence summaryThe structure of CCR5 in complex with the chemokine agonist [6P4]CCL5 and the heterotrimeric Gi protein reveals its activation mechanism
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Isaikina, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietz, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pamula, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grahl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldie, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guixa-Gonzalez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schertler, G. F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahlberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deupi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grzesiek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.27.401117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis of the activation of the CC chemokine receptor 5 by a chemokine agonist]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.404707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Suppressing the morning cortisol rise after memory reactivation at 4 a.m. enhances episodic memory reconsolidation in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.404707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evidence from animal and human research shows that established memories can undergo changes after reactivation through a process called reconsolidation. Alterations of the level of the stress hormone cortisol may be one way of manipulating reconsolidation. Here, in a double-blind, within-subject design, we reactivated a 3-day-old memory at 3:55 a.m., immediately followed by oral administration of metyrapone vs. placebo, to examine whether metyrapone-induced suppression of the morning cortisol rise may influence reconsolidation processes during and after early morning sleep. Crucially, reactivation followed by cortisol suppression vs. placebo resulted in enhanced memory for the reactivated episode (tested four days after reactivation). This enhancement after cortisol suppression was specific for the reactivated episode vs. a non-reactivated episode. These findings suggest that when reactivation of memories is immediately followed by suppression of cortisol levels during early morning sleep, reconsolidation processes change in a way that leads to the strengthening of episodic memory traces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Antypa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrault, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rimmele, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.30.404707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Suppressing the morning cortisol rise after memory reactivation at 4 a.m. enhances episodic memory reconsolidation in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.404939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep immune profiling reveals targetable mechanisms of immune evasion in checkpoint blockade-refractory glioblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.404939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is refractory to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CPI). We sought to determine to what extent this immune evasion is due to intrinsic properties of the tumor cells versus the specialized immune context of the brain, and if it can be reversed.

MethodsWe used CyTOF mass cytometry to compare the tumor immune microenvironments (TIME) of human tumors that are generally CPI-refractory (GBM and sarcoma) or CPI-responsive (renal cell carcinoma), as well as mouse models of GBM that are CPI-responsive (GL261) or CPI-refractory (SB28). We further compared SB28 tumors grown intracerebrally versus subcutaneously to determine how tumor site affects TIME and responsiveness to dual CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade. Informed by these data, we explored rational immunotherapeutic combinations.

ResultsCPI-sensitivity in human and mouse tumors was associated with increased T cells and dendritic cells, and fewer myeloid cells, in particular PD-L1+ tumor associated macrophages. The SB28 mouse model of GBM responded to CPI when grown subcutaneously but not intracerebrally, providing a system to explore mechanisms underlying CPI resistance in GBM. The response to CPI in the subcutaneous SB28 model required CD4 T cells and NK cells, but not CD8 T cells. Recombinant FLT3L expanded dendritic cells, improved antigen-specific T cell priming, and prolonged survival of mice with intracerebral SB28 tumors, but at the cost of increased Tregs. Targeting PD-L1 also prolonged survival, especially when combined with stereotactic radiation.

ConclusionsOur data suggest that a major obstacle for effective immunotherapy of GBM is the low antigenicity of the tumor cells coupled with poor antigen presentation in the brain, rather than intrinsic immunosuppressive properties of GBM tumor cells. Deep immune profiling identified dendritic cells and PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophages as promising targetable cell populations, which was confirmed using therapeutic interventions in vivo.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=146 SRC="FIGDIR/small/404939v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (39K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@bdd0e4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1dd335forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@157bfa6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e76151_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG In BriefIn mice and humans, tumors that were sensitive to checkpoint blockade had consistent immunological features. A mouse model of glioma that is refractory to checkpoint blockade was sensitized by increasing antigen presentation through a variety of approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simonds, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamaki, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rancan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stultz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHenry, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasholm, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuntova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundstrom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genoud, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahani, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>brown, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartling, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okada, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellstrom, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.404939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep immune profiling reveals targetable mechanisms of immune evasion in checkpoint blockade-refractory glioblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.02.406272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Common computational principle for vibro-tactile pitch perception in mouse and human 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.02.406272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We live surrounded by vibrations generated by moving objects. These oscillatory stimuli can produce sound (i.e. airborne waves) and propagate through solid substrates. Pitch is the main perceptual characteristic of sound, and a similar perceptual attribute seems to exist in the case of substrate vibrations: vibro-tactile pitch. Here, we establish a mechanistic relationship between vibro-tactile pitch perception and the actual physical properties of vibrations using behavioral tasks, in which vibratory stimuli were delivered to the human fingertip or the mouse forelimb. The resulting perceptual reports were analyzed with a model demonstrating that physically different combinations of vibration frequencies and amplitudes can produce equal pitch perception. We found that the perceptually indistinguishable but physically different stimuli follow a common computational principle in mouse and human. It dictates that vibro-tactile pitch perception is shifted with increases in amplitude toward the frequency of highest vibrotactile sensitivity. These findings suggest the existence of a fundamental relationship between the seemingly unrelated concepts of spectral sensitivity and pitch perception.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prsa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilicel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nourizonoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.02.406272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Common computational principle for vibro-tactile pitch perception in mouse and human]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.409441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of low micromolar SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors from hits identified by in silico screens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.409441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mpro, also known as 3CLpro, is the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and, as such, is essential for the viral life cycle. Two studies have each screened and ranked in silico more than one billion chemical compounds in an effort to identify putative inhibitors of Mpro. More than five hundred of the seven thousand top-ranking hits were synthesized by an external supplier and examined with respect to their activity in two biochemical assays: a protease activity assay and a thermal shift assay. Two clusters of chemical compounds with Mpro inhibitory activity were identified. An additional five hundred molecules, analogues of the compounds in the two clusters described above, were also synthesized and characterized in vitro. The study of the analogues revealed that the compounds of the first cluster acted by denaturing Mpro and might denature other proteins as well. In contrast, the compounds of the second cluster targeted Mpro with much greater specificity and enhanced its melting temperature, consistent with the formation of stable Mpro-inhibitor complexes. The most active compounds of the second cluster exhibited IC50 values between 4 and 7 M and their chemical structure suggests that they could serve as leads for the development of potent Mpro inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rossetti, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ossorio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barriot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tropia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dionellis, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorgulla, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthanari, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohr, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamboni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halazonetis, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.03.409441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of low micromolar SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors from hits identified by in silico screens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.416651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A sinusoidal transform of the visual field in cortical area V2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.416651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The retinotopic maps of many visual cortical areas are thought to follow the fundamental principles that have been described for primary visual cortex (V1) where nearby points on the retina map to nearby points on the surface of V1, and orthogonal axes of the retinal surface are represented along orthogonal axes of the cortical surface. Here we demonstrate a striking departure from this conventional mapping in the secondary visual area (V2) of the tree shrew. Although local retinotopy is preserved, orthogonal axes of the retina are represented along the same axis of the cortical surface, an unexpected geometry explained by an orderly sinusoidal transform of the retinal surface. This sinusoidal topography is ideally suited for achieving uniform coverage in an elongated area like V2, is predicted by mathematical models designed to achieve wiring minimization, and provides a novel explanation for stripe-like patterns of intra-cortical connections and stimulus response properties in V2. Our findings suggest that cortical circuits flexibly implement solutions to sensory surface representation, with dramatic consequences for the large-scale layout of topographic maps.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sedigh-Sarvestani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterfield, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shultz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.08.416651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A sinusoidal transform of the visual field in cortical area V2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.421396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The molecular basis, genetic control and pleiotropic effects of local gene co-expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.421396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nearby genes are often expressed as a group. Yet, the prevalence, molecular mechanisms and genetic control of local gene co-expression are far from being understood. Here, by leveraging gene expression measurements across 49 human tissues and hundreds of individuals, we found that local gene co-expression occurs in 13% to 53% genes per tissue. By integrating various molecular assays (e.g. ChIP-seq and Hi-C), we estimated the ability of several mechanisms, such as enhancer-gene targeting, in distinguishing gene pairs that are co-expressed from those that are not. Notably, we identified 32,636 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) which associate to co-expressed gene pairs and often overlap enhancer regions. Due to affecting several genes, these eQTLs are more often associated with multiple human traits than other eQTLs. Our extensive search for local gene co-expression opens the way to comprehend trait pleiotropy and comorbidity and provide functional interpretation of QTL and GWAS findings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubinacci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramisch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmeister, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.11.421396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The molecular basis, genetic control and pleiotropic effects of local gene co-expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Paradoxical neuronal hyperexcitability in a mouse model of mitochondrial pyruvate import deficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal excitation imposes a high demand of ATP in neurons. Most of the ATP derives primarily from pyruvate-mediated oxidative phosphorylation, a process that relies on import of pyruvate into mitochondria occuring exclusively via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). To investigate whether deficient oxidative phosphorylation impacts neuron excitability, we generated a mouse strain carrying a conditional deletion of MPC1, an essential subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, specifically in adult glutamatergic neurons. We found that, despite decreased levels of oxidative phosphorylation in these excitatory neurons, mice were normal at rest. Paradoxically, in response to mild inhibition of GABA mediated synaptic activity, they rapidly developed severe seizures and died, whereas under similar conditions the behaviour of control mice remained unchanged. We show that neurons with a deficient MPC are intrinsically hyperexcitable as a consequence of impaired calcium homeostasis, which reduces M-type potassium channel activity. Provision of ketone bodies restores energy status, calcium homeostasis and M-channel activity and attenuates seizures in animals fed a ketogenic diet. Our results provide an explanation for the paradoxical seizures that frequently accompany a large number of neuropathologies, including cerebral ischemia and diverse mitochondriopathies, in which neurons experience an energy deficit.

One Sentence SummaryDecreased OXPHOS and Ca2+-mediated neuronal hyperexcitability lead to seizure in a mouse model of mitochondrial pyruvate import deficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De La Rossa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Astori, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marissal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montessuit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheshadri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos-Fernández, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quairiaux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>carleton, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinou, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.22.423903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Paradoxical neuronal hyperexcitability in a mouse model of mitochondrial pyruvate import deficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Receptor-linked environment-sensitive probe monitors the local membrane environment surrounding the insulin receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional membrane proteins in the plasma membrane are suggested to have specific membrane environments that play important roles to maintain and regulate the function of proteins. However, the local membrane environments of membrane proteins remain largely unexplored due to the lack of techniques allowing to monitor them in living cells. We have developed a method to probe the local membrane environment surrounding a membrane protein in the plasma membrane by covalently tethering a solvatochromic, environment-sensitive dye, Nile red, to a membrane protein via a flexible linker. Our direct imaging reported on the spatio-temporal properties of membrane fluidity of the local environment surrounding the insulin receptor. The local environment was distinct from the average plasma membrane fluidity and was quite dynamic and heterogeneous. Upon addition of insulin, the local membrane environment surrounding the receptor increased in fluidity in an insulin receptor-kinase dependent manner. This new technology should allow researchers to examine changes in membrane properties caused by receptor activation and devise ways to address the role of these changes in physiological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Umebayashi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takemoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundukova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovius, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heppenstall, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokota, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.23.424145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Receptor-linked environment-sensitive probe monitors the local membrane environment surrounding the insulin receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An in vivo CRISPR screening platform for prioritizing therapeutic targets in AML 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic screens have successfully identified cell type-dependent liabilities in cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a devastating hematologic malignancy with poor overall survival. Because most of these screens have been performed in vitro, evaluating the physiological relevance of these targets is critical. We have established a CRISPR screening approach using orthotopic xenograft models to prioritize AML-enriched dependencies in vivo, complemented by the validation in CRISPR-competent AML patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models tractable for genome editing. Our integrated pipeline has revealed several targets with translational value, including SLC5A3 as a metabolic vulnerability for AML addicted to exogenous myo-inositol and MARCH5 as a critical guardian to prevent apoptosis in AML. MARCH5 repression enhanced the efficacy of BCL2 inhibitors such as venetoclax, highlighting the clinical potential of targeting MARCH5 in AML. Our study provides a valuable strategy for discovery and prioritization of new candidate AML therapeutic targets.

Statement of significanceThere is an unmet need to improve the clinical outcome of AML. We developed an integrated in vivo screening approach to prioritize and validate AML dependencies with high translational potential. We identified SLC5A3 as a metabolic vulnerability and MARCH5 as a critical apoptosis regulator in AML, representing novel therapeutic opportunities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larrue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seong, B. K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dharia, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuljanin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wechsler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kugener, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robichaud, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conway, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashaka, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouche, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adane, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancias, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Younger, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccioni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wunderlich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamburini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegmaier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.28.424340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An in vivo CRISPR screening platform for prioritizing therapeutic targets in AML]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.424904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allosteric communication in Class A β-lactamases occurs via Cooperative Coupling of Loop Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.424904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allosteric effects control protein (e.g. enzyme) activity in ways that are not fully understood. Better understanding of allosteric effects, and tools to identify them, would offer promising alternative strategies to inhibitor development. Through a combination of equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we identify allosteric effects and communication pathways from two distant ligand binding sites to important active site structural elements that control enzymatic activity in two prototypical class A {beta}-lactamases, TEM-1 and KPC-2. Both of these enzymes are important determinants of antibiotic resistance in widespread bacterial pathogens. The simulations show that the allosteric sites are connected to the active site in both enzymes, (e.g. affecting the conformation of the {Omega}-loop) highlighting how allosteric inhibitors may exert their effects. Nonequilibrium simulations reveal pathways of communication operating over distances of 30 [A] or more. In these identified signaling pathways, the propagation of the signal occurs through cooperative coupling of loop dynamics. Notably, 50% or more clinically relevant amino acid substitutions in each enzyme map onto the identified signal transduction pathways. This suggests that clinically important variation may affect, or be driven by, differences in allosteric behavior, providing a mechanism by which amino acid substitutions may affect the relationship between spectrum of activity, catalytic turnover and potential allosteric behavior in this clinically important enzyme family. Simulations of the type presented here will help in identifying and analyzing such differences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galdadas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, A. S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olehnovics, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mojica, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooke, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonomo, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulholland, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haider, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.30.424904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allosteric communication in Class A β-lactamases occurs via Cooperative Coupling of Loop Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.02.425103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal dynamics of human attention revealed byintracerebral recording 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.02.425103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exogenous attention, the process that makes external salient stimuli pop-out of a visual scene, is essential for survival. How attention-capturing events modulate human brain processing remains unclear. Here we show how the psychological construct of exogenous attention gradually emerges over large-scale gradients in the human cortex, by analyzing activity from 1,403 intracortical contacts implanted in 28 individuals, while they performed an exogenous attention task. The timing, location and task-relevance of attentional events defined a spatiotemporal gradient of three neural clusters, which mapped onto cortical gradients and presented a hierarchy of timescales. Visual attributes modulated neural activity at one end of the gradient, while at the other end it reflected the upcoming response timing, with attentional effects occurring at the intersection of visual and response signals. These findings challenge multi-step models of attention, and suggest that frontoparietal networks, which process sequential stimuli as separate events sharing the same location, drive exogenous attention phenomena such as inhibition of return.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seidel Malkinson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayle, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgeois, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehongre, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margulies, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sitt, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolomeo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.02.425103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal dynamics of human attention revealed byintracerebral recording]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synchronous brain dynamics establish brief states of communality in distant neuronal populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsic brain dynamics co-fluctuate between distant regions in an organized manner during rest, establishing large-scale functional networks. We investigate these brain dynamics on a millisecond time scale by focusing on Electroencephalographic (EEG) source analyses. While synchrony is thought of as a neuronal mechanism grouping distant neuronal populations into assemblies, the relevance of simultaneous zero-lag synchronization between brain areas in humans remains largely unexplored. This negligence is due to the confound of volume conduction, leading inherently to temporal dependencies of source estimates derived from scalp EEG (and Magnetoencephalography, MEG), referred to as spatial leakage. Here, we focus on the analyses of simultaneous, i.e., quasi zero-lag related, synchronization that cannot be explained by spatial leakage phenomenon. In eighteen subjects during rest with eyes closed, we provide evidence that first, simultaneous synchronization is present between distant brain areas and second, that this long-range synchronization is occurring in brief epochs, i.e., 54-80 milliseconds. Simultaneous synchronization might signify the functional convergence of remote neuronal populations. Given the simultaneity of distant regions, these synchronization patterns might relate to the representation and maintenance, rather than processing of information. This long-range synchronization is briefly stable, not persistently, indicating flexible spatial reconfiguration pertaining to the establishment of particular, re-occurring states. Taken together, we suggest that the balance between temporal stability and spatial flexibility of long-range, simultaneous synchronization patterns is characteristic of the dynamic coordination of large-scale functional brain networks. As such, quasi zero-phase related EEG source fluctuations are physiologically meaningful if spatial leakage is considered appropriately.

SignificanceSynchrony is suggested as a mechanism for coordinating distant neuronal populations. Yet, simultaneous (i.e., zero-lag) synchronization between remote brain regions in humans is difficult to demonstrate, because volume conduction in EEG/MEG recordings causes spurious zero-lag relations. Here, we investigate actual zero-lag relations and systematically compare them to the residual bias due to spatial smoothness of EEG source estimates. We indeed report simultaneous synchronization between distant brain regions. These synchronization patterns manifest variably in time. We suggest that simultaneous synchronization is relevant when studying the dynamic, large-scale functional architecture in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.07.425731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synchronous brain dynamics establish brief states of communality in distant neuronal populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.15.426883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein Phosphatase 1 regulates atypical chromosome segregation and cell polarity during mitotic and meiotic division in Plasmodium sexual stages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.15.426883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PP1 is a conserved eukaryotic serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates many aspects of mitosis and meiosis, often working in concert with other phosphatases, such as CDC14 and CDC25. The proliferative stages of the malaria parasite life cycle include sexual development within the mosquito vector, with male gamete formation characterized by an atypical rapid mitosis, consisting of three rounds of DNA synthesis, successive spindle formation with clustered kinetochores, and a meiotic stage during zygote to ookinete development following fertilization. It is unclear how PP1 is involved in these unusual processes. Using real-time live-cell and ultrastructural imaging, conditional gene knockdown, RNA-seq and proteomic approaches, we show that Plasmodium PP1 is implicated in both mitotic exit and, potentially, establishing cell polarity during zygote development in the mosquito midgut, suggesting that small molecule inhibitors of PP1 should be explored for blocking parasite transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeeshan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SUBUDHI, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashpa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nugmanova, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottrill, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>vaughan, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bollen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttery, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.15.426883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein Phosphatase 1 regulates atypical chromosome segregation and cell polarity during mitotic and meiotic division in Plasmodium sexual stages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
eIF4E3 Forms an Active eIF4F Complex during Stresses (eIF4FS) Targeting mTOR and Re-Programs the Translatome. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eIF4E are a family of initiation factors that bind the mRNA 5 cap, regulating the proteome and the cellular phenotype. eIF4E1 mediates global translation and its activity is controlled via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. mTOR down-regulation results in eIF4E1 sequestration into an inactive complex with the 4E binding proteins (4EBPs). The second member, eIF4E2, regulates the translatome during hypoxia. However, the exact function of the third member, eIF4E3, has remained elusive. We have dissected its function using a range of techniques. Starting from the observation that it does not interact with 4EBP1, we demonstrate that eIF4E3 recruitment into an eIF4F complex occurs when Torin1 inhibits the mTOR pathway. Ribo-seq studies demonstrate that this complex (eIF4FS) is translationally active only during stress and that it selects specific mRNA populations based on 5 TL (UTR) length. The interactome reveals that it associates with cellular proteins beyond the cognate initiation factors, suggesting that it may have "moon-lighting" functions. Finally, we provide evidence that cellular metabolism is altered in an eIF4E3 KO background but only upon Torin1 treatment. We propose that eIF4E3 acts as a second branch of the integrated stress response, re-programming the translatome to promote "stress resistance" and adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weiss, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloehn, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abid, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaquier-Gubler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.22.427788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[eIF4E3 Forms an Active eIF4F Complex during Stresses (eIF4FS) Targeting mTOR and Re-Programs the Translatome.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative coupling of cell volume and membrane tension during osmotic shocks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During osmotic changes of their environment, cells actively regulate their volume and plasma membrane tension that can passively change through osmosis. How tension and volume are coupled during osmotic adaptation remains unknown, as a quantitative characterization is lacking. Here, we performed dynamic membrane tension and cell volume measurements during osmotic shocks. During the first few seconds following the shock, cell volume varied to equilibrate osmotic pressures inside and outside the cell, and membrane tension dynamically followed these changes. A theoretical model based on the passive, reversible unfolding of the membrane as it detaches from the actin cortex during volume increase, quantitatively describes our data. After the initial response, tension and volume recovered from hypoosmotic shocks but not from hyperosmotic shocks. During these asymmetric recoveries, tension and volume remained coupled. Pharmacological disruption of the cytoskeleton and functional inhibition of ion channels and mTOR all affected tension and volume responses, proving that a passive mechanism is necessary and critical for the cell to adapt fast. The coupling between them was, nonetheless, maintained for a few exceptions suggesting that volume and tension regulations are independent from the regulation of their coupling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roffay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinard, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbarassa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urbanska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Calvo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.22.427801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative coupling of cell volume and membrane tension during osmotic shocks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.428315v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imagined speech can be decoded from low- and cross-frequency features in perceptual space 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.428315v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reconstructing intended speech from neural activity using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) holds great promises for people with severe speech production deficits. While decoding overt speech has progressed, decoding imagined speech have met limited success, mainly because the associated neural signals are weak and variable hence difficult to decode by learning algorithms. Using three electrocorticography datasets totalizing 1444 electrodes from 13 patients who performed overt and imagined speech production tasks, and based on recent theories of speech neural processing, we extracted consistent and specific neural features usable for future BCIs, and assessed their performance to discriminate speech items in articulatory, phonetic, vocalic, and semantic representation spaces. While high-frequency activity provided the best signal for overt speech, both low- and higher-frequency power and local cross-frequency contributed to successful imagined speech decoding, in particular in phonetic and vocalic, i.e. perceptual, spaces. These findings demonstrate that low-frequency power and cross-frequency dynamics contain key information for imagined speech decoding, and that exploring perceptual spaces offers a promising avenue for future imagined speech BCIs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Proix, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado Saa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasley, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poeppel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devinsky, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnal, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megevand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.26.428315</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imagined speech can be decoded from low- and cross-frequency features in perceptual space]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Suberin plasticity to developmental and exogenous cues is regulated by a set of MYB transcription factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Suberin is a hydrophobic biopolymer that can be deposited at the periphery of cells, forming protective barriers against biotic and abiotic stress. In roots, suberin forms lamellae at the periphery of endodermal cells where it plays crucial roles in the control of water and mineral transport. Suberin formation is highly regulated by developmental and environmental cues. However, the mechanisms controlling its spatiotemporal regulation are poorly understood. Here, we show that endodermal suberin is regulated independently by developmental and exogenous signals to fine tune suberin deposition in roots. We found a set of four MYB transcription factors (MYB41, MYB53, MYB92 and MYB93), that are regulated by these two signals, and are sufficient to promote endodermal suberin. Mutation of these four transcription factors simultaneously through genome editing, lead to a dramatic reduction of suberin formation in response to both developmental and environmental signals. Most suberin mutants analyzed at physiological levels are also affected in another endodermal barrier made of lignin (Casparian strips), through a compensatory mechanism. Through the functional analysis of these four MYBs we generated plants allowing unbiased investigations of endodermal suberin function without accounting for confounding effects due to Casparian strip defects, and could unravel specific roles of suberin in nutrient homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shukla, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cléard, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legendre-Lefebvre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gully, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berhin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salt, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawrath, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barberon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.27.428267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Suberin plasticity to developmental and exogenous cues is regulated by a set of MYB transcription factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic dichotomy of accumbal population activity underlies cocaine sensitization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Locomotor sensitization (LS) is an early behavioral adaptation to addictive drugs, driven by the increase of dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc). However, the effect on accumbal population activity remains elusive. Here we used single cell calcium imaging to record the activity of dopamine-1-receptor (D1R) and dopamine-2-receptor (D2R) expressing spiny projection neurons (SPNs) during cocaine LS. Acute exposure to cocaine elevated D1R SPN activity and reduced D2R SPN activity, albeit with high variability between neurons. During LS, the number of D1R and D2R neurons responding in opposite directions increased. Moreover, preventing LS by inhibition of the ERK signalling pathway decreased the number of cocaine-responsive D1R SPNs, but had little effect on D2R SPNs. These results indicate that accumbal population dichotomy is dynamic and contains a subgroup of D1R SPNs that eventually drives LS. Insights into the drug-related activity dynamics provides a foundation for understanding the circuit-level addiction pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van Zessen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flakowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lüscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.28.428587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic dichotomy of accumbal population activity underlies cocaine sensitization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The DEAD-box RNA helicases RhlE2 is a global regulator of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lifestyle and pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RhlE DEAD-box RNA helicase protein family is widespread among Proteobacteria, but it is the least understood due to the lack of a clear biological function. Here, we study the two RhlE homologs present in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RhlE1 and RhlE2 diverged during P. aeruginosa evolution; our data indicate that this resulted in a non-redundant biological role, a distinct molecular action and an enzymatic activity differentially stimulated by RNA. Whereas RhlE1 is specifically necessary for bacteria growth in cold, we show that RhlE2 acts as global post-transcriptional regulator, affecting the level of hundreds of cellular transcripts and multiple functionalities indispensable not only for P. aeruginosa environmental adaptation, but also for its virulence. The global action of RhlE2 relies on a unique C-terminal extension, which establishes an RNA-dependent interaction with the RNase E endonuclease and the cellular RNA degradation machinery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Valentini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hausmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The DEAD-box RNA helicases RhlE2 is a global regulator of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lifestyle and pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell sequencing reveals clonally expanded plasma cells during chronic viral infection produce virus-specific and cross-reactive antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma cells and their secreted antibodies play a central role in the long-term protection against chronic viral infection. However, due to experimental limitations, a comprehensive description of linked genotypic, phenotypic, and antibody repertoire features of plasma cells (gene expression, clonal frequency, virus specificity, and affinity) has been challenging to obtain. To address this, we performed single-cell transcriptome and antibody repertoire sequencing of the murine bone marrow plasma cell population following chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Our single-cell sequencing approach recovered full-length and paired heavy and light chain sequence information for thousands of plasma cells and enabled us to perform recombinant antibody expression and specificity screening. Antibody repertoire analysis revealed that, relative to protein immunization, chronic infection led to increased levels of clonal expansion, class-switching, and somatic variants. Furthermore, antibodies from the highly expanded and class-switched (IgG) plasma cells were found to be specific for multiple viral antigens and a subset of clones exhibited cross-reactivity to non-viral- and auto-antigens. Integrating single-cell transcriptome data with antibody specificity suggested that plasma cell transcriptional phenotype was correlated to viral antigen specificity. Our findings demonstrate that chronic viral infection can induce and sustain plasma cell clonal expansion, combined with significant somatic hypermutation, and can generate cross-reactive antibodies.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=69 SRC="FIGDIR/small/428852v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (22K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9d0852org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18d46fcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2f7f80org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5be3fd_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Graphical abstract.Single-cell sequencing reveals clonally expanded plasma cells during chronic viral infection produce virus-specific and cross-reactive antibodies.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neumeier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedrioli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genovese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehling, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadopoulou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrafiotis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbiani, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Csepregi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greiff, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oxenius, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yermanos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell sequencing reveals clonally expanded plasma cells during chronic viral infection produce virus-specific and cross-reactive antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.30.428940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PalaCell2D: A framework for detailed tissue morphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.30.428940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In silico, cell based approaches for modeling biological morphogenesis are used to test and validate our understanding of the biological and mechanical process that are at work during the growth and the organization of multi-cell tissues. As compared to in vivo experiments, computer based frameworks dedicated to tissue modeling allow us to easily test different hypotheses, and to quantify the impact of various biophysically relevant parameters.

Here, we propose a formalism based on a detailed, yet simple, description of cells that accounts for intra-, inter- and extra-cellular mechanisms. More precisely, the cell growth and division is described through the space and time evolution of the membrane vertices. These vertices follow a Newtonian dynamics, meaning that their evolution is con-trolled by different types of forces: a membrane force (spring and bending), an adherence force (inter-cellular spring), external and internal pressure forces. Different evolution laws can be applied on the internal pressure, depending on the intra-cellular mechanism of interest. In addition to the cells dynamics, our formalism further relies on a lattice Boltzmann method, using the Palabos library, to simulate the diffusion of chemical signals. The latter aims at driving the growth and migration of a tissue by simply changing the state of the cells.

All of this leads to an accurate description of the growth and division of cells, with realistic cell shapes and where membranes can have different properties. While this work is mainly of methodological nature, we also propose to validate our framework through simple, yet biologically relevant benchmark tests at both single-cell and full tissue scales. This includes free and chemically controlled cell tissue growth in an unbounded domain. The ability of our framework to simulate cell migration, cell compression and morphogenesis under external constraints is also investigated in a qualitative manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conradin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coreixas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.30.428940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PalaCell2D: A framework for detailed tissue morphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MESOMELIC DYSPLASIAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HOXD LOCUS ARE CAUSED BY REGULATORY REALLOCATIONS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429171v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Some human families display severe shortening and bending of the radius and ulna, a condition referred to as mesomelic dysplasia. Many of these families contain chromosomal rearrangements at 2q31, where the human HOXD locus maps. In mice, the dominant X-ray-induced Ulnaless inversion of the HoxD gene cluster produces a similar phenotype suggesting that the same mechanism is responsible for this pathology in humans and mice. Amongst the proposed explanations, the various alterations to the genomic structure of HOXD could expose Hoxd13 to proximal limb enhancers, leading to its deleterious gain-of-expression in the embryonic forelimb. To assess this hypothesis, we used an engineered 1Mb large inversion including the HoxD gene cluster, in order to position Hoxd13 within a chromatin domain rich in proximal limb enhancers. We show that these enhancers contact and activate Hoxd13 in proximal cells, concomitant to the formation of a mesomelic dysplasia phenotype. A secondary mutation in the coding frame of the HOXD13 protein in-cis with the inversion completely rescued the limb alterations, demonstrating that ectopic HOXD13 is indeed the unique cause of this bone anomaly. Single cell expression analysis and evaluation of HOXD13 binding sites in cells from this ectopic expression domain suggests that the phenotype arises primarily by acting through genes normally controlled by HOXD13 in distal limb cells. Altogether, these results provide a conceptual and mechanistic framework to understand and unify the molecular origins of human mesomelic dysplasia associated with 2q31.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bolt, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.01.429171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MESOMELIC DYSPLASIAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HOXD LOCUS ARE CAUSED BY REGULATORY REALLOCATIONS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular membrane tubules involved in suberin deposition in plant cell walls 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Suberin is a fundamental plant biopolymer, found in protective tissues, such as seed coats, exodermis and endodermis of roots, the outer layers of stems and roots with secondary growth, as well as in wound-induced tissues. Its presence allows organs to resist various environmental stresses, such as pathogen attack, drought or excessive salt concentrations. Suberin is a mostly aliphatic polyester of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols, often co-occurring with lignin-like polymers in the same cells. Most suberizing cells appear to deposit suberin in the form of lamellae just outside of the plasma membrane, below the primary cell wall. The monomeric precursors of suberin are thought to be glycerated fatty acids, synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum. However, it has remained obscure how these monomers are transported outside of the cell, where they will be polymerized to form suberin lamellae. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicular-tubular structures accumulate specifically in suberizing cells. By employing various, independent mutational and hormonal challenges, known to affect suberization in distinct ways, we demonstrate that their presence correlates perfectly with root suberization. Surprisingly, no endosomal compartment marker showed any conspicuous changes upon induction of suberization, suggesting that this compartment might not derive from endosomal multi-vesicular bodies, but possibly form directly from endoplasmic reticulum subdomains. Consistent with this, we could block formation of both, suberin deposition and vesicle accumulation by a pharmacogenetic manipulation affecting early steps in the secretory pathway. Whereas many previous reports have described extracellular vesicle occurrence in the context of biotic interactions, our results suggest a developmental role for extracellular vesicles in suberin formation.

One Sentence SummarySuberin lamellae formation is associated with extracellular membrane tubules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Bellis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalmbach, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marhavy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daraspe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geldner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barberon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.02.429332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular membrane tubules involved in suberin deposition in plant cell walls]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connection Failure: Differences in White Matter Microstructure are associated with 5-HTTLPR but not with Risk-Seeking for Losses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In a previous study (Neukam, Kroemer et al. 2018), we found for the 5-HTTLPR genotype higher risk-seeking for losses in S/S vs. L/L carrier, which could not be explained by acutely changed central serotonin levels. This finding alternatively may be the result of reduced top-down control from the frontal cortex due to altered signal pathways involving the amygdala and ventral striatum. The serotonergic system is known to be involved in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether structural differences in white matter can explain the differences in risk-seeking behaviour that we observed in our previous study and whether 5-HTTLPR groups differ in their white matter microstructure. These differences can be detected using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). We assumed lower structural connectivity in S/S compared to L/L carrier, and a negative relationship between risk-seeking for losses and connectivity. We used DWI to compute diffusion parameters for the frontostriatal and uncinate tract in 175 individuals (39 S/S, 80 S/L, 56 L/L). Results showed no significant relationship between diffusion parameters and risk-seeking for losses. Furthermore, we did not find significant differences in diffusion parameters of the S/S vs. L/L group. There were only group differences in the frontostriatal tract showing stronger structural connectivity in the S/L group, which is also reflected in the whole brain approach. Therefore, the data do not support our hypothesis that the association between 5- HTTLPR and risk-seeking for losses is related to differences in white matter pathways implicated in decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neukam, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deza-Araujo, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pooseh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witt, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rietschel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smolka, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connection Failure: Differences in White Matter Microstructure are associated with 5-HTTLPR but not with Risk-Seeking for Losses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.11.430706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal structure of a bacterial CNNM magnesium transporter 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.11.430706v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CBS-pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediators (CNNMs) are a broadly conserved family of integral membrane proteins with close to 90,000 protein sequences known. CNNM proteins are associated with Mg2+ transport but it is not known if they mediate transport themselves or regulate other transporters. Here, we determined the crystal structure of an archaeal CNNM protein with Mg2+-ATP bound. The structure reveals a novel transmembrane fold for the DUF21 domain, the largest family of domains of unknown function. The protein has a negatively charged cavity that penetrates halfway through the membrane suggesting it functions as a cation transporter. The cytosolic portion of the protein is comprised of highly charged four-helix bundle and a CBS-pair domain. HDX-MS experiments, molecular dynamics, and additional crystal structures show that the cytosolic domains undergo large conformational changes upon nucleotide binding suggesting a mechanism of regulation shared between human and bacterial orthologs. The molecular characterization of CNNM proteins has profound implications for understanding their biological functions in human diseases, including cancer, and in animals, bacteria and plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozlov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armitano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeller, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fakih, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohaim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehring, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.11.430706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal structure of a bacterial CNNM magnesium transporter]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.11.430727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CONTEXT-INDEPENDENT FUNCTION OF A CHROMATIN BOUNDARY IN VIVO 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.11.430727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian genomes are partitioned into sub-megabase to megabase-sized units of preferential interactions called topologically associating domains or TADs, which are likely important for the proper implementation of gene regulatory processes. These domains provide structural scaffolds for distant cis regulatory elements to interact with their target genes within the three-dimensional nuclear space and architectural proteins such as CTCF as well as the cohesin complex participate in the formation of the boundaries between them. However, the importance of the genomic context in providing a given DNA sequence the capacity to act as a boundary element remains to be fully investigated. To address this question, we randomly relocated a topological boundary functionally associated with the mouse HoxD gene cluster and show that it can indeed act similarly outside its initial genomic context. In particular, the relocated DNA segment recruited the required architectural proteins and induced a significant depletion of contacts between genomic regions located across the integration site. The host chromatin landscape was re-organized, with the splitting of the TAD wherein the boundary had integrated. These results provide evidence that topological boundaries can function independently of their site of origin, under physiological conditions during mouse development.

AUTHOR SUMMARYDuring development, enhancer sequences tightly regulate the spatio-temporal expression of target genes often located hundreds of kilobases away. This complex process is made possible by the folding of chromatin into domains, which are separated from one another by specific genomic regions referred to as boundaries. In order to understand whether such boundary sequences require their particular genomic contexts to achieve their isolating effect, we analyzed the impact of introducing one such boundary, taken from the HoxD gene cluster, into a distinct topological domain. We show that this ectopic boundary splits the host domain into two sub-domains and affects the expression levels of a neighboring gene. We conclude that this sequence can work independently from its genomic context and thus carries all the information necessary to act as a boundary element.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Willemin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolt, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadolini, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Carballo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.11.430727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CONTEXT-INDEPENDENT FUNCTION OF A CHROMATIN BOUNDARY IN VIVO]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.11.430763v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dlc1 controls cardio-vascular development downstream of Vegfa/Kdrl/Nrp1 signaling in the zebrafish embryo. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.11.430763v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The family of deleted-in-liver-cancer (dlc) genes encodes RhoGTPases and plays pivotal roles in cardiovascular development, but animal models for studying their functions are sparse due to early embryonic lethality. Gain and loss of function of dlc1 and dlc3 severely altered the growth of intersegmental vessels in the trunk of zebrafish embryos. Additionally, overexpression of dlc1 affected the growth of the common cardinal veins, but could rescue the arrest of angiogenesis induced by Vegfr2 inhibition, placing dlc1 downstream of kdrl signaling. Loss of dlc1 negatively affected the lumenization of the first aortic arch arteries and the lateral dorsal aortae. dlc1 mutants displayed a full obstruction in the early outflow tract during cardiac morphogenesis, which models to alterations in DLC1 detected in congenital heart defects in human patients. This study provides a functional in vivo characterization of dlc1 and dlc3 during vertebrate embryogenesis and places dlc1 as a key gene to control vascular development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LINNERZ, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BERTRAND, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.11.430763</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dlc1 controls cardio-vascular development downstream of Vegfa/Kdrl/Nrp1 signaling in the zebrafish embryo.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431253v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring MEG brain fingerprints: evaluation, pitfalls and interpretations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431253v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individual characterization of subjects based on their functional connectome (FC), termed "FC fingerprinting", has become a highly sought-after goal in contemporary neuroscience research. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated unique characterization and accurate identification of individuals as an accomplished task. However, FC fingerprinting in magnetoencephalography (MEG) data is still widely unexplored. Here, we study resting-state MEG data from the Human Connectome Project to assess the MEG FC fingerprinting and its relationship with several factors including amplitude- and phase-coupling functional connectivity measures, spatial leakage correction, frequency bands, and behavioral significance. To this end, we first employ two identification scoring methods, differential identifiability and success rate, to provide quantitative fingerprint scores for each FC measurement. Secondly, we explore the edgewise and nodal MEG fingerprinting patterns across the different frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). Finally, we investigate the cross-modality fingerprinting patterns obtained from MEG and fMRI recordings from the same subjects. We assess the behavioral significance of FC across connectivity measures and imaging modalities using partial least square correlation analyses. Our results suggest that fingerprinting performance is heavily dependent on the functional connectivity measure, frequency band, identification scoring method, and spatial leakage correction. We report higher MEG fingerprints in phase-coupling methods, central frequency bands (alpha and beta), and in the visual, frontoparietal, dorsal-attention, and default-mode networks. Furthermore, cross-modality comparisons reveal a certain degree of spatial concordance in fingerprinting patterns between the MEG and fMRI data, especially in the visual system. Finally, the multivariate correlation analyses show that MEG connectomes have strong behavioral significance, which however depends on the considered connectivity measure and temporal scale. This comprehensive, albeit preliminary investigation of MEG connectome test-retest identification offers a first characterization of MEG fingerprinting in relation to different methodological and electrophysiological factors and contributes to the understanding of fingerprinting cross-modal relationships. We hope that this first investigation will contribute to setting the grounds for MEG connectome identification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sareen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amico, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.15.431253</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring MEG brain fingerprints: evaluation, pitfalls and interpretations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mixture of generative models strategy helps humans generalize across tasks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
What role do generative models play in generalization of learning in humans? Our novel multi-task prediction paradigm--where participants complete four sequence learning tasks, each being a different instance of a common generative family--allows the separate study of within-task learning (i.e., finding the solution to each of the tasks), and across-task learning (i.e., learning a task differently because of past experiences). The very first responses participants make in each task are not yet affected by within-task learning and thus reflect their priors. Our results show that these priors change across successive tasks, increasingly resembling the underlying generative family. We conceptualize multi-task learning as arising from a mixture-of-generative-models learning strategy, whereby participants simultaneously entertain multiple candidate models which compete against each other to explain the experienced sequences. This framework predicts specific error patterns, as well as a gating mechanism for learning, both of which are observed in the data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>HERCE CASTANON, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardoso-Leite, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altarelli, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrater, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bavelier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.16.431506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mixture of generative models strategy helps humans generalize across tasks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChEC-seq: a robust method to identify protein-DNA interactions genome-wide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mittal et al. (2021; first brought to our attention in May 2019) have raised concerns regarding the Chromatin Endogenous Cleavage-sequencing (ChEC-seq) technique (Zentner et al., 2015) that may create a false impression that this method has fundamental flaws which prevent one from distinguishing between signal and noise. Although Mittal et al. focus on studies of the global co-activators SAGA, TFIID and Mediator that we were not involved in, we feel obliged to highlight here several of our own publications (Albert et al., 2019; Bruzzone et al., 2018; Hafner et al., 2018; Kubik et al., 2019; Kubik et al., 2018), as well as recent unpublished data, that employed ChEC-seq and directly addressed the observation raised by Mittal et al. that cleavage maps for various MNase fusion proteins often qualitatively resemble each other and those generated by "free" (unfused) MNase. Our studies lay out a clear path for determining sites of preferential factor localization by normalization of ChEC-seq experimental data to matched free-MNase controls. They also demonstrate the use of in vivo functional assays to assess ChEC-seq reliability and reveal examples where ChEC-seq identifies functional binding sites missed by conventional ChIP-seq analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bruzzone, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lezaja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattarocci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.431798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChEC-seq: a robust method to identify protein-DNA interactions genome-wide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Constructing and validating a transferable epidemic risk index in data scarce environments using open data: a case study for dengue in the Philippines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epidemics are among the most costly and destructive natural hazards globally. To reduce the impacts of infectious disease outbreaks, the development of a risk index for infectious diseases can be effective, by shifting infectious disease control from emergency response to early detection and prevention.

In this study, we introduce a methodology to construct and validate an epidemic risk index using only open data, with a specific focus on scalability. The external validation of our risk index makes use of distance sampling to correct for underreporting of infections, which is often a major source of biases, based on geographical accessibility to health facilities. We apply this methodology to assess the risk of dengue in the Philippines.

The results show that the computed dengue risk correlates well with standard epidemiological metrics, i.e. dengue incidence (p = 0.002). Here, dengue risk constitutes of the two dimensions susceptibility and exposure. Susceptibility was particularly associated with dengue incidence (p = 0.047) and dengue case fatality rate (CFR) (p = 0.029). Exposure had lower correlations to dengue incidence (p = 0.211) and CFR (p = 0.163). Highest risk indices were seen in the south of the country, mainly among regions with relatively high susceptibility to dengue outbreaks.

Our findings reflect that the modelled epidemic risk index is a strong indication of sub-national dengue disease patterns and has therefore proven suitability for disease risk assessments in the absence of timely epidemiological data. The presented methodology enables the construction of a practical, evidence-based tool to support public health and humanitarian decision-making processes with simple, understandable metrics. The index overcomes the main limitations of existing indices in terms of construction and actionability.

Author summaryO_LIWhy Was This Study Done?
- Epidemics are among the most costly and destructive natural hazards occurring globally; currently, the response to epidemics is still focused on reaction rather than prevention or preparedness.
- The development of an epidemic risk index can support identifying high-risk areas and can guide prioritization of preventive action and humanitarian response.
- While several frameworks for epidemic risk assessment exist, they suffer from several limitations, which resulted in limited uptake by local health actors - such as governments and humanitarian relief workers - in their decision-making processes

C_LIO_LIWhat Did the Researchers Do and Find?
- In this study, we present a methodology to develop epidemic risk indices, which overcomes the major limitations of previous work: strict data requirements, insufficient geographical granularity, validation against epidemiological data.
- We take as a case study dengue in the Philippines and develop an epidemic risk index; we correct dengue incidence for underreporting based on accessibility to healthcare and show that it correlates well with the risk index (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.69, p-value 0.002).

C_LIO_LIWhat Do These Findings Mean?
- Our methodology enables the development of disease-specific epidemic risk indices at a sub-national level, even in countries with limited data availability; these indices can guide local actors in programming prevention and response activities.
- Our findings on the case study show that the epidemic risk index is a strong indicator of sub-national dengue disease patterns and is therefore suitable for disease risk assessments in the absence of timely and complete epidemiological data.

C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hierink, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margutti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Homberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.23.432447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Constructing and validating a transferable epidemic risk index in data scarce environments using open data: a case study for dengue in the Philippines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progranulin promotes immune evasion of pancreatic adenocarcinoma through regulation of MHCI expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune evasion is indispensable for cancer initiation and progression, although its underlying mechanisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain elusive. Here, we unveiled a cancer cell-autonomous function of PGRN in driving immune evasion in primary PDAC. Tumor- but not macrophage-derived PGRN was associated with poor overall survival in PDAC. Multiplex immunohistochemistry revealed low MHC class I (MHCI) expression and lack of CD8+ T cells infiltration in PGRN-high tumors. Inhibition of PGRN abrogated autophagy-dependent MHCI degradation and restored MHCI expression on PDAC cells. Antibody-based blockade of PGRN in a genetic PDAC mouse model remarkably decelerated tumor initiation and progression. Notably, tumors expressing LCMV-gp33 as model antigen were sensitized towards cytotoxic gp33-TCR transgenic T cells upon anti-PGRN antibody treatment. Overall, our study uncovered an unprecedented role of tumor-derived PGRN in regulating immunogenicity of primary PDAC.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEImmune evasion is a key property of PDAC, rendering it refractory to immunotherapy. Here we demonstrate that tumor-derived PGRN promotes autophagy-dependent MHCI degradation, while anti-PGRN increases intratumoral CD8 infiltration and blocks tumor progression. With recent advances in T cell-mediated approaches, PGRN represents a pivotal target to enhance tumor antigen-specific cytotoxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheung, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krengel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Althoff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siu, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cham, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cima, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheffler, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Striefler, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelzer, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oettle, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markus, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeets, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aarntzen, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savvatakis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liffers, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neander, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazarna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paschen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siveke, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.24.432700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progranulin promotes immune evasion of pancreatic adenocarcinoma through regulation of MHCI expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.28.433265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Open Natural Products Research: Curation and Dissemination of Biological Occurrences of Chemical Structures through Wikidata 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.28.433265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Contemporary bioinformatic and chemoinformatic capabilities hold promise to reshape knowledge management, analysis and interpretation of data in natural products research. Currently, reliance on a disparate set of non-standardized, insular, and specialized databases presents a series of challenges for data access, both within the discipline and for integration and interoperability between related fields. The fundamental elements of exchange are referenced structure-organism pairs that establish relationships between distinct molecular structures and the living organisms from which they were identified. Consolidating and sharing such information via an open platform has strong transformative potential for natural products research and beyond. This is the ultimate goal of the newly established LOTUS initiative, which has now completed the first steps toward the harmonization, curation, validation and open dissemination of 750,000+ referenced structure-organism pairs. LOTUS data is hosted on Wikidata and regularly mirrored on https://lotus.naturalproducts.net. Data sharing within the Wikidata framework broadens data access and interoperability, opening new possibilities for community curation and evolving publication models. Furthermore, embedding LOTUS data into the vast Wikidata knowledge graph will facilitate new biological and chemical insights. The LOTUS initiative represents an important advancement in the design and deployment of a comprehensive and collaborative natural products knowledge base.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=61 SRC="FIGDIR/small/433265v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rutz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorokina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galgonek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mietchen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willighagen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vondrasek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbeck, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfender, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.28.433265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Open Natural Products Research: Curation and Dissemination of Biological Occurrences of Chemical Structures through Wikidata]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.10.434611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-specific alterations in Pitx1 regulatory landscape activation caused by the loss of a single enhancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.10.434611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most developmental genes rely on multiple transcriptional enhancers for their accurate expression during embryogenesis. Because enhancers may have partially redundant activities, the loss of one of them often leads to a partial loss of gene expression and concurrent moderate phenotypic outcome, if any. While such a phenomenon has been observed in many instances, the nature of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. We used the Pitx1 testbed locus to characterize in detail the regulatory and cellular identity alterations following the deletion in vivo of one of its enhancers (Pen), which normally accounts for 30 percent of Pitx1 expression in hindlimb buds. By combining single cell transcriptomics and a novel in embryo cell tracing approach, we observed that this global decrease in Pitx1 expression results from both an increase in the number of non- or low-expressing cells, and a decrease in the number of high-expressing cells. We found that the over-representation of Pitx1 non/low-expressing cells originates from a failure of the Pitx1 locus to coordinate enhancer activities and 3D chromatin changes. The resulting increase in Pitx1 non/low-expressing cells eventually affects the proximal limb more severely than the distal limb, leading to a clubfoot phenotype likely produced through a localized heterochrony and concurrent loss of irregular connective tissue. This data suggests that, in some cases, redundant enhancers may be used to locally enforce a robust activation of their host regulatory landscapes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rouco, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bompadre, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauseo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fazio, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peraldi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.10.434611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-specific alterations in Pitx1 regulatory landscape activation caused by the loss of a single enhancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.434353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct profiles of spatio-temporal brain dynamics along symptoms dimensions in autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.434353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism Spectrum Disorders are accompanied by atypical brain activity and impairments in brain connectivity. In particular, dynamic functional connectivity approaches highlighted aberrant brain fluctuations at rest in individuals with autism compared to a group composed of typically developed individuals, matched in age and gender. However, the characterization of these variations remains unclear. Here, we quantified the spatio-temporal network dynamics using two novel dynamic group-based measures, namely system diversity and spatio-temporal diversity. Using the public database ABIDE 1, we explored the differences between individuals with autism and typically developed individuals. Our results show evidence that individuals with autism have atypical connectivity patterns over time characterized by a lower integration of heterogeneous cognitive processes and unstable functional activity, except for the default mode network presenting its own specific dynamic pattern. Within the autism group, we find this pattern of results to be stronger in more severely affected patients with a predominance of symptoms in the social affect domain. However, patients with prominently restricted and repetitive behaviours demonstrate a more conservative profile of brain dynamics characterized by a lower spatio-temporal diversity of the default mode network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mullier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denervaud, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vohryzek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.434353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct profiles of spatio-temporal brain dynamics along symptoms dimensions in autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.434989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Information flows from hippocampus to cortex during replay of verbal working memory items. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.434989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The maintenance of items in working memory relies on a widespread network of cortical areas and hippocampus where synchronization between electrophysiological recordings reflects functional coupling.

We investigated the direction of information flow between auditory cortex and hippocampus while participants heard and then mentally replayed strings of letters in working memory by activating their phonological loop. We recorded LFP from the hippocampus, reconstructed beamforming sources of scalp EEG, and - additionally in 3 participants - recorded from subdural cortical electrodes. When analyzing Granger causality, the information flow was from auditory cortex to hippocampus with a peak in the 4-8 Hz range while participants heard the letters. This flow was subsequently reversed during maintenance while participants maintained the letters in memory. The functional interaction between hippocampus and the cortex and the reversal of information flow provide a physiological basis for the encoding of memory items and their active replay during maintenance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dimakopoulos, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stieglitz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megevand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarnthein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.434989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Information flows from hippocampus to cortex during replay of verbal working memory items.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.435109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Paper-and-pencil questionnaires analysis: a new automated technique to reduce analysis time and errors. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.435109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and ObjectiveQuestionnaires are essential tools in many scientific fields, including health and medicine. However, the analysis of paper-and-pencil questionnaires is time consuming, source of errors and expensive, limiting its use in large cohort studies. Computer-based questionnaires might be a valuable alternative but they may introduce bias, especially for sensitive questions, and they require programming skills. The aim of this study is to develop a reliable and adaptable open-source technique (i.e. LightQuest) to automatically analyse various types of scanned paper-and-pencil questionnaires with closed questions, including those with inverted scale.

MethodsTo evaluate the usefulness of LightQuest, the time needed for 7 experimenters for manually code 10 sets of 4 frequently used questionnaires and the number of errors (i.e. reliability) were compared with the time and errors their made using LightQuest.

ResultsLightQuest was twice as fast as the manual analysis, even though the time to create the reference model was taken into account (933s vs. 1935s, t(2)=8.81, p<0.001). Without model creation, the reduced analysis time was more pronounced, with an average of 2.77s.question-1 for the manual technique versus 0.55s.question-1 for LightQuest (t(2)=22.5, p<0.001). Moreover, during correction of the 5180 questions performed by the 7 experimenters, LightQuest made a total of 2 errors versus 46 with the manual technique (q(2)=4.53, p<0.05).

ConclusionLightQuest demonstrated clear superiority both in terms of time and reliability. The script of this first open-source technique, which does not require programming skills, is downloadable in supplemental data and may become an asset for all studies using questionnaires.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chabert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheval, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hue, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.12.435109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Paper-and-pencil questionnaires analysis: a new automated technique to reduce analysis time and errors.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amplitude and phase coupling optimize information transfer between brain networks that function at criticality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain function depends on segregation and integration of information processing in brain networks often separated by long-range anatomical connections. Neuronal oscillations orchestrate such distributed processing through transient amplitude and phase coupling, yet surprisingly little is known about local network properties facilitating these functional connections. Here, we test whether criticality--a dynamical state characterized by scale-free oscillations--optimizes the capacity of neuronal networks to couple through amplitude or phase, and transfer information. We coupled in silico networks with varying excitatory and inhibitory connectivity, and found that phase coupling emerges at criticality, and that amplitude coupling, as well as information transfer, are maximal when networks are critical. Importantly, regulating criticality through neuromodulation of synaptic strength showed that critical dynamics--as opposed to a static ratio of excitatory and inhibitory connections--optimize network coupling and information transfer. Our data support the idea that criticality is important for local and global information processing and may help explain why brain disorders characterized by local alterations in criticality also exhibit impaired long-range synchrony, even prior to degeneration of axonal connections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Avramiea, A.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masood, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansvelder, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linkenkaer-Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.435461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amplitude and phase coupling optimize information transfer between brain networks that function at criticality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.435958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive mouse gut metagenomecatalog reveals major difference to thehuman counterpart 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.435958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mouse is the most used model for studying the impact of microbiota on its host, but the repertoire of species from the mouse gut microbiome remains largely unknown. Here, we construct a Comprehensive Mouse Gut Metagenome (CMGM) catalog by assembling all currently available mouse gut metagenomes and combining them with published reference and metagenome-assembled genomes. The 50011 genomes cluster into 1699 species, of which 78.1% are uncultured, and we discovered 226 new genera, 7 new families, and 1 new order. Rarefaction analysis indicates comprehensive sampling of the species from the mouse gut. CMGM enables an unprecedented coverage of the mouse gut microbiome exceeding 90%. Comparing CMGM to the human gut microbiota shows an overlap 64% at the genus, but only 16% at the species level, demonstrating that human and mouse gut microbiota are largely distinct.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trajkovski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kieser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.18.435958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive mouse gut metagenomecatalog reveals major difference to thehuman counterpart]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revisiting the role of Toxoplasma gondii ERK7 in the maintenance and stability of the apical complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii ERK7 is known to contribute to the integrity of the apical complex and to be involved only in the final step of the conoid biogenesis. In the absence of ERK7, mature parasites lose their conoid complex and are unable to glide, invade or egress from host cells. In contrast to a previous report, we show here that depletion of ERK7 phenocopies the depletion of the apical cap proteins AC9 or AC10. The absence of ERK7 leads to the loss of the apical polar ring, the disorganization of the basket of subpellicular microtubules and an impairment in micronemes secretion. Ultra-expansion microscopy (U-ExM) coupled to NHS-Ester staining on intracellular parasites offers an unprecedented level of resolution and highlights the disorganization of the rhoptries as well as the dilated plasma membrane at the apical pole in the absence of ERK7. Comparative proteomics analysis of wild-type and ERK7 or AC9 depleted parasites led to the disappearance of known, predicted, as well as putative novel components of the apical complex. In contrast, the absence of ERK7 led to an accumulation of microneme proteins, resulting from the defect in exocytosis of the organelles.

ImportanceThe conoid is an enigmatic, dynamic organelle positioned at the apical tip of the coccidian subgroup of the Apicomplexa, close to the apical polar ring (APR) from which the subpellicular microtubules (SPTMs) emerge and at the site of microneme and rhoptry secretory organelles exocytosis. In Toxoplasma gondii, the conoid protrudes concomitantly to microneme secretion, during egress, motility and invasion. The conditional depletion of the apical cap structural protein AC9 or AC10 leads to a disorganization of SPTMs as well as the loss of APR and conoid that result in microneme secretion defect and block in motility, invasion and egress. We show here that depletion of the kinase ERK7 phenocopies completely AC9 and AC10 mutants. Moreover, the combination of ultrastructure expansion microscopy with an NHS ester staining revealed that ERK7 depleted parasites exhibit a dilated apical plasma membrane and a mis-positioning of the rhoptry organelles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dos Santos Pacheco, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosetti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.22.436543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revisiting the role of Toxoplasma gondii ERK7 in the maintenance and stability of the apical complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRIM28-dependent SUMOylation protects the adult ovary from the male pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gonadal sexual fate in mammals is determined during embryonic development and must be actively maintained in adulthood. In the mouse ovary, oestrogen receptors and FOXL2 protect ovarian granulosa cells from transdifferentiation into Sertoli cells, their testicular counterpart. However, the mechanism underlying their protective effect is unknown. Here, we show that TRIM28 is required to prevent female-to-male sex reversal of the mouse ovary after birth. We found that upon loss of Trim28, ovarian granulosa cells transdifferentiate to Sertoli cells through an intermediate cell type, different from gonadal embryonic progenitors. TRIM28 is recruited on chromatin in the proximity of FOXL2 to maintain the ovarian pathway and to repress testicular-specific genes. The role of TRIM28 in ovarian maintenance depends on its E3-SUMO ligase activity that regulates the sex-specific SUMOylation profile of ovarian-specific genes. Our study identifies TRIM28 as a key factor in protecting the adult ovary from the testicular pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rossitto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dejardin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rands, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legras, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migale, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafiee, M.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neirijnck, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruvost, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bossis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cammas, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Gallic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boizet-Bonhoure, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell-Badge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulat, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.24.436749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRIM28-dependent SUMOylation protects the adult ovary from the male pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.26.437139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative multi-tissue profiling reveals extensive tissue-specificity in transcriptome reprogramming upon cold exposure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.26.437139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cold exposure is an extensively used intervention for enhancing thermogenic and mitochondrial activity in adipose tissues. As such, it has been suggested as a potential lifestyle intervention for body weight maintenance. The metabolic consequences of cold acclimation are not limited to the adipose tissues, however the impact on rest of the tissues in context of their gene expression profile remains unclear. Here we provide a systematic characterization of cold exposure-mediated effects in a comparative multi-tissue RNA sequencing approach using wide range of organs including spleen, bone marrow, spinal cord, brain, hypothalamus, ileum, liver, subcutaneous-, visceral- and brown adipose tissues. Our findings highlight that transcriptional responses to cold exposure exhibit high degree of tissue-specificity both at the gene level and at GO enrichment gene sets, which is not directed by the basal gene expression pattern exhibited by the various organs. Our study places the cold adaptation of individual tissues in a whole-organism framework and provides an integrative transcriptional analysis necessary for understanding the cold exposure-mediated biological reprograming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trajkovski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadadi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbach, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salinas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiljar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.26.437139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative multi-tissue profiling reveals extensive tissue-specificity in transcriptome reprogramming upon cold exposure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.26.437275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional dynamics of brain networks associated with carry-over effects of negative events on subsequent resting state. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.26.437275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Affective inertia represents the lasting impact of transient emotions at one time point on affective state at a subsequent time point. Here we describe the neural underpinnings of inertia following negative emotions elicited by sad events in movies. Using a co-activation pattern analysis of dynamic functional connectivity, we examined the temporal expression and reciprocal interactions among brain-wide networks during movies and subsequent resting periods. Our findings revealed distinctive spatiotemporal expression of visual (VIS), default mode (DMN), central executive (CEN), and frontoparietal control (FPCN) networks both in negative movies and in rest periods following these movies. We also identified different reciprocal relationships among these networks, in transitions from movie to rest. While FPCN and DMN expression increased during and after negative movies, respectively, FPCN occurrences during the movie predicted lower DMN and higher CEN expression during subsequent rest after neutral movies, but this relationship was reversed after the elicitation of negative emotions. Changes in FPCN and DMN activity correlated with more negative subjective affect. These findings provide new insights into the transient interactions of intrinsic brain networks underpinning the inertia of negative emotions. More specifically, they describe a major role of FPCN in emotion elicitation processes, with prolonged impact on DMN activity in subsequent rest, presumably involved in emotion regulation and restoration of homeostatic balance after negative events.

HighlightsO_LIModulations of dynamic functional brain connectivity are associated to the temporal inertia of negative emotions.
C_LIO_LIFunctional co-activations patterns (CAPs) during emotional episodes predict changes in spontaneous brain dynamics during subsequent resting state.
C_LIO_LIClassical "task-rest" anticorrelations in network activity are reversed by negative emotions.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaviria, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolton, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.26.437275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional dynamics of brain networks associated with carry-over effects of negative events on subsequent resting state.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MiR-137 and miR-122, two outer subventricular zone-enriched non-coding RNAs, regulate basal progenitor expansion and neuronal differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical expansion in the primate brain relies on the presence and the spatial enlargement of multiple germinal zones during development and on a prolonged developmental period. In contrast to other mammals, which have two cortical germinal zones, the ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ), gyrencephalic species display an additional germinal zone, the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ), which role is to increase the number and types of neurons generated during corticogenesis. How the OSVZ emerged during evolution is poorly understood but recent studies suggest a role for non-coding RNAs, which allow tight regulations of transcriptional programs in time and space during development (Dehay et al. 2015; Arcila et al., 2014). Here, using in vivo functional genetics, single-cell RNA sequencing, live imaging and electrophysiology to assess progenitor and neuronal properties in mice, we identify two ferret and human OSVZ-enriched microRNAs (miR), miR-137 and miR-122, which regulate key cellular features associated with cortical expansion. MiR-137 promotes basal progenitor self-replication and superficial layer neuron fate, while miR-122 slows down neuronal differentiation pace. Together, these findings support a cell-type specific role for miR-mediated transcriptional regulation in cortical expansion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tomasello, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niquille, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mule, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Vevey, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santinha, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borrell, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.01.438039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MiR-137 and miR-122, two outer subventricular zone-enriched non-coding RNAs, regulate basal progenitor expansion and neuronal differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.438185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optogenetic stimulation of BLA terminals in the BNST elicits long term synaptic plasticity and restores synaptic alterations induced by adolescent Shank3 downregulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.438185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent co-morbidity factor associated with the core domains of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Investigations on potential common neuronal mechanisms that may explain the co-occurrence of ASD and anxiety disorders are still poorly unexplored. One of the key questions which remained unsolved is the role of Shank3 protein in anxiety behaviors. Here we used shRNA strategy to model Shank3 insufficiency in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). We found that Shank3 downregulation in the BNST induced anxiogenic effects. Associated with these behavioural defects, we showed alteration of glutamatergic synaptic functions in the BNST induced by Shank3 insufficiency during adolescence. In addition, we pointed that adolescence represents a crucial time window to interfere with BNST maturation, a key hub for anxiety control. Together, these results unravelled the crucial role of Shank3 expression in the BNST during adolescence. Our study provided a new insight in the neuronal mechanisms underlying anxiety disorders. We proposed to screen a novel molecular target essential for BNST integrity during adolescence. This result may further help for the diagnosis and the development of therapeutic strategy for anxiety disorders and anxiety disorders implicated in some forms of ASD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glangetas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contestabile, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinosa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casarotto, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musardo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.02.438185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optogenetic stimulation of BLA terminals in the BNST elicits long term synaptic plasticity and restores synaptic alterations induced by adolescent Shank3 downregulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.07.438809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myeloid and endothelial cells cooperate to promote hematopoietic stem cells expansion in the fetal niche. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.07.438809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During embryonic development, very few hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are produced from the hemogenic endothelium, that will be expanded in a very specific niche. This fetal HSC niche comprises a complex and dynamic molecular network of interactions between multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs) and mesenchymal stromal cells. It is known that functional changes in the hematopoietic niche, such as aging, vascular cell remodelling or inflammation can directly affect HSCs. Among all these inflammatory regulators, the eicosanoid prostaglandin E (PGE2) has been shown to be very important during embryonic life. However, the precise source of PGE2 in the embryo is still elusive. Here we show that all the genes involved in PGE2 synthesis and transport are expressed by distinct cells of the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) in the zebrafish embryo and in the mouse fetal liver, suggesting that each cell type acts sequentially and collaboratively with the others to produce PGE2 and ultimately expand HSCs. Among these cells, we found myeloid cells (both neutrophils and macrophages) to be absolutely necessary, as they concur to the production of PGH2, the precursor of PGE2. To measure the impact of myeloid cells, we generated a genetic model of myeloid ablation, which caused a loss of HSCs in the CHT, that could be rescued by supplementing zebrafish embryos with PGE2 or PGH2. ECs expressed the slco2b1 transporter to import PGH2, and ptges3, the necessary enzyme to convert this latter into PGE2. Taken altogether, our data show that the triad composed of neutrophils, macrophages and ECs concurs to HSC expansion in the CHT.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cacialli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mailhe, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golub, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.07.438809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myeloid and endothelial cells cooperate to promote hematopoietic stem cells expansion in the fetal niche.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.09.439170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motor usage imprints microtubule stability in the shaft 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.09.439170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tubulin dimers assemble into dynamic microtubules which are used by molecular motors as tracks for intracellular transport. Organization and dynamics of the microtubule network is commonly thought to be regulated at the polymer ends, where tubulin-dimers can be added or removed. Here we show that molecular motors running on microtubules cause exchange of dimers along the shaft. These sites of dimer exchange act as rescue sites where depolymerising microtubules stop shrinking and start re-growing. Consequently, the average length of microtubules increases depending on how frequently they are used as motor tracks. An increase of motor activity densifies the cellular microtubule network and enhances cell polarity. Running motors leave marks in the shaft serving as traces of microtubule usage to organize the polarity landscape of the cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andreu-Carbo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celluz, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.09.439170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motor usage imprints microtubule stability in the shaft]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
YTHDC2 Is Essential for Pachytene Progression and Prevents Aberrant Microtubule-Driven Telomere Clustering in Male Meiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanisms driving the prolonged meiotic prophase I are poorly understood. The RNA helicase YTHDC2 is critical for mitosis to meiosis transition, as YTHDC2-deficient mouse germ cells initiate meiosis but arrest with mixed characteristics of mitotic and meiotic cell types. However, YTHDC2 is also highly expressed in normal pachytene cells. Here we identify an essential role for YTHDC2 in meiotic progression. Specifically, we find that YTHDC2 deficiency causes microtubule-dependent telomere clustering and apoptosis at the pachytene stage of prophase I, and thus a failure to advance to the diplotene stage. Depletion of YTHDC2 results in a massively dysregulated transcriptome in pachytene cells, with a tendency toward upregulation of genes normally expressed in mitotic germ cells and downregulation of meiotic transcripts. Dysregulation does not correlate with the m6A status of RNAs and YTHDC2-bound mRNAs are enriched in genes upregulated in mutant germ cells, revealing that YTHDC2 primarily targets its substrate mRNAs for degradation. Finally, altered transcripts in YTHDC2-deficient pachytene cells encode microtubule network proteins and inhibition of microtubule polymerization disperses clustered telomeres. Together, our results demonstrate that YTHDC2 regulates the prolonged pachytene stage of prophase I by perpetuating a meiotic transcriptome and preventing changes in the microtubule network that could lead to aberrant telomere clustering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasowitz, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Homolka, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leu, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaked, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruthel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keeney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.12.439470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[YTHDC2 Is Essential for Pachytene Progression and Prevents Aberrant Microtubule-Driven Telomere Clustering in Male Meiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating the two regimes of fibrin clot lysis: an experimental and computational approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It has been observed in vitro that complete clot lysis is generally preceded by a period of latency during which the degradation seems to be inefficient. However, this latency was merely notified but not yet quantitatively discussed. In our experiments we observed that the lysis ubiquitously occurred in two distinct regimes, a slow and a fast lysis regime. We quantified extensively the duration of these regimes for a wide spectrum of experimental conditions and found that on average the slow regime lasts longer than the fast one, meaning that during most of the process the lysis is ineffective. We proposed a computational model in which the two regimes result from a spatially constrained kinetic of clot lysis: first the biochemical reactions take place at the outer core of the fibrin fibers composing the clot, then in the bulk resulting in the observed fast lysis regime. This simple hypothesis appeared to be sufficient to reproduce with a great accuracy the lysis profiles obtained experimentally. Our results shed light on new insights regarding the dynamical aspects of the lysis of fibrin rich clots in a context where the timing is so critical for patient treatment and outcome.

SignificanceWhile the interplay between the main components of the fibrinolytic system is well understood, some dynamical aspects of the fibrinolysis remain unclear. Notably, we observe that in vitro fibrin rich clots undergo a slow and inefficient phase of degradation when subject to endogenous fibrinolysis. In fact, it turns out that a large part of the lysis process operates in this slow regime. To explain this observation, we proposed a computational model in which the properties of the binding of the proteins change during the lysis. First plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator bind at the surface of the fibers, resulting in a slow lysis, then in the bulk of the fibers thus speeding up the degradation of the clot..
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raynaud, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteyne, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Morga, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zouaoui Boudjeltia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating the two regimes of fibrin clot lysis: an experimental and computational approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specific transcriptomic signatures and dual regulation of steroidogenesis between fetal and adult mouse Leydig cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leydig cells (LC) are the main testicular androgen-producing cells. In eutherian mammals, two types of LCs emerge successively during testicular development, fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) and adult Leydig cells (ALCs). Both display significant differences in androgen production and regulation. Using bulk RNA sequencing, we compared the transcriptomes of both LC populations to characterise their specific transcriptional and functional features. Despite similar transcriptomic profiles, a quarter of the genes show significant variations in expression between FLCs and ALCs. Non-transcriptional events, such as alternative splicing was also observed, including a high rate of intron retention in FLCs compared to ALCs. The use of single-cell RNA sequencing data also allowed the identification of nine FLC-specific genes and 50 ALC-specific genes. Expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone 1 (Crhr1) receptor and the ACTH receptor melanocortin type 2 receptor (Mc2r) specifically in FLCs suggests a dual regulation of steroidogenesis. The androstenedione synthesis by FLCs is stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH), CRH and ACTH whereas the testosterone synthesis by ALCs is dependent exclusively on LH. Overall, our study provides a useful database to explore LC development and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sararols, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevant, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neirijnck, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebourcet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curley, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhne, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specific transcriptomic signatures and dual regulation of steroidogenesis between fetal and adult mouse Leydig cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.440123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The UBAP2L ortholog PQN-59 contributes to stress granule assembly and development in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.440123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When exposed to stressful conditions, eukaryotic cells respond by inducing the formation of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes called stress granules. Stress granules are thought to have a protective function but their exact role is still unclear. Here we use C. elegans to study two proteins that have been shown to be important for stress granule assembly in human cells: PQN-59, the ortholog of human UBAP2L, and GTBP-1, the ortholog of the human G3BP1 and G3BP2 proteins. Both proteins fall into stress granules in the embryo and in the germline when C. elegans is exposed to stressful conditions. None of the two proteins is essential for the assembly of stress induced granules, but the granules formed in absence of PQN-59 or GTBP-1 are less numerous and dissolve faster than the ones formed in control embryos. Despite these differences, pqn-59 or gtbp-1 mutant embryos do not show a higher sensitivity to stress than control embryos. pqn-59 mutants display reduced progeny and a high percentage of embryonic lethality, phenotypes that are not dependent on stress exposure and that are not shared with gtbp-1 mutants. Our data indicate that both GTBP-1 and PQN-59 contribute to stress granule formation but that PQN-59 is, in addition, required for C. elegans development.

Author summaryThe formation of so-called stress granules is an adaptive response that cells and organisms put into action to cope with changes in internal and environmental conditions and thus to survive to stressful conditions. Although it is generally thought that stress granule formation protects cells from stress-related damage, the exact role of stress granules in cells and organisms is not well understood. Moreover, the mechanisms governing stress granule assembly, and if and how the ability to form stress granules is important for C. elegans development is still unclear.

Our work focuses on two conserved proteins, known to be involved in stress granule assembly in mammalian cells, and investigates their role in C. elegans embryos. We find that these proteins are important but not essential to assemble stress-induced granules in C. elegans. We moreover did not observe a different sensitivity to stress exposure between wild-type and mutant developing embryos, suggesting that at least in these conditions these proteins do not exert a protective role.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abbatemarco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwager, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.16.440123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The UBAP2L ortholog PQN-59 contributes to stress granule assembly and development in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bipartite binding and partial inhibition links DEPTOR and mTOR in a mutually antagonistic embrace 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441853v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
mTORC1 is a kinase complex regulating cell growth, proliferation and survival. Because mis-regulation of DEPTOR, an endogenous mTORC1 inhibitor, is associated with some cancers, we reconstituted mTORC1 with DEPTOR to understand its function. We find that DEPTOR is a unique partial mTORC1 inhibitor that may have evolved to preserve feedback inhibition of PI3K. Counterintuitively, mTORC1 activated by RHEB or oncogenic mutation is much more potently inhibited by DEPTOR. Although DEPTOR partially inhibits mTORC1, mTORC1 prevents this inhibition by phosphorylating DEPTOR, a mutual antagonism that requires no exogenous factors. Structural analyses of the mTORC1/DEPTOR complex showed DEPTORs PDZ domain interacting with the mTOR FAT region, and the unstructured linker preceding the PDZ binding to the mTOR FRB domain. Here we show, in contrast to previous cellular studies, that both the PDZ and linker regions are essential for inhibition, and it is likely that interaction with the FRB is crucial to the unique partial inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heimhalt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berndt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagstaff, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandapadamanaban, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perisic, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maslen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C. W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masson, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamashita, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murshudov, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skehel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freund, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.28.441853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bipartite binding and partial inhibition links DEPTOR and mTOR in a mutually antagonistic embrace]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.02.442330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D printed pacifier-shaped mouthpiece for fMRI-compatible gustometers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.02.442330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gustometers have allowed the delivery of liquids in fMRI settings for decades and mouthpieces are a critical part of those taste delivery systems. Here we propose an innovative 3D printed mouthpiece inspired by childrens pacifiers that allow participants to swallow while lying down in an MRI scanner. Our results validate the effectiveness of our method by showing significant clusters of activation in the insular and piriform cortex which are regions that have been consistently identified to compute taste processing. We used a large sample (n=85) to validate our method. Our mouthpiece fulfills several criteria guarantying a gustatory stimulus of quality, making the delivery more precise and reliable. Moreover, this new pacifier-shaped design is: simple and cheap to manufacture, hygienic, comfortable to keep in mouth, and flexible to diverse use cases.We hope that this new method will promote and facilitate the study of taste and flavor perception in the context of reward processing in affective neuroscience and thus help provide an integrative approach to the study of the emotional nature of rewards.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munoz Tord, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pool, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mermoud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pataky, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delplanque, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.02.442330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D printed pacifier-shaped mouthpiece for fMRI-compatible gustometers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.02.442349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential contributions of ventral striatum subregions to the motivational and hedonic components of the affective processing of the reward 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.02.442349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ventral striatum is implicated in the affective processing of the reward, which can be divided into a motivational and a hedonic component. Here, we examined whether these two components rely on distinct neural substrates within the ventral striatum in humans. We used a high-resolution fMRI protocol targeting the ventral striatum combined with a Pavlovian-instrumental task and a hedonic reactivity task. Both tasks involved an olfactory reward, thereby allowing us to measure Pavlovian-triggered motivation and sensory pleasure for the same reward within the same participants. Our findings show that different subregions of the ventral striatum are dissociable in their contributions to the motivational and the hedonic component of the affective processing of the reward. Parsing the neural mechanisms and the interplay between Pavlovian incentive processes and hedonic processes might have important implications for understanding compulsive reward-seeking behaviors such as addiction, binge eating, or gambling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pool, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz Tord, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delplanque, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stussi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cereghetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.02.442349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential contributions of ventral striatum subregions to the motivational and hedonic components of the affective processing of the reward]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.442581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vacuole-specific lipid release for tracking intracellular lipid metabolism and transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.442581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipid metabolism is spatiotemporally regulated within cells, yet intervention into lipid functions at subcellular resolution remains difficult. Here we report a method that enables site-specific release of sphingolipids and cholesterol inside the vacuole in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using this approach, we monitored real-time sphingolipid metabolic flux out of the vacuole by mass spectrometry and found that the ER-vacuole tethering protein Mdm1 facilitated the metabolism of sphingoid bases into ceramides. In addition, we showed that cholesterol, once delivered into yeast using our method, could restore cell proliferation induced by ergosterol deprivation, overcoming the previously described sterol-uptake barrier under aerobic conditions. Together, these data define a new way to study intracellular lipid metabolism and transport from the vacuole in yeast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Girik, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariri, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henne, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.04.442581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vacuole-specific lipid release for tracking intracellular lipid metabolism and transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.442618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Discriminative Characterization of Heschl's Gyrus Morphology using Spectral Graph Features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.442618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heschls Gyrus (HG), which hosts the primary auditory cortex, exhibits large variability not only in size but also in its gyrification patterns, within (i.e., between hemispheres) and between individuals. Conventional structural measures such as volume, surface area and thickness do not capture the full morphological complexity of HG, in particular, with regards to its shape. We present a method for characterizing the morphology of HG in terms of Laplacian eigenmodes of surface-based and volume-based graph representations of its structure, and derive a set of spectral graph features that can be used to discriminate HG subtypes. We applied this method to a dataset of 177 adults previously shown to display considerable variability in the shape of their HG, including data from amateur and professional musicians, as well as non-musicians. Results show the superiority of the proposed spectral graph features over conventional ones in differentiating HG subtypes, in particular, single HG versus Common Stem Duplications (CSDs). We anticipate the proposed shape features to be found beneficial in the domains of language, music and associated pathologies, in which variability of HG morphology has previously been established.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maghsadhagh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalboni da Rocha, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golestani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behjat, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.04.442618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Discriminative Characterization of Heschl's Gyrus Morphology using Spectral Graph Features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.05.442810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The CTPase activity of ParB acts as a timing mechanism to control the dynamics and function of prokaryotic DNA partition complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.05.442810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA partitioning CTPases of the ParB family mediate the segregation of bacterial chromosomes and low-copy number plasmids. They act as DNA-sliding clamps that are loaded at parS motifs in the centromeric region of target DNA molecules and then spread laterally to form large nucleoprotein complexes that serve as docking points for the DNA segregation machinery. Here, we identify conformational changes that underlie the CTP- and parS-dependent closure of ParB clamps. Moreover, we solve crystal structures of ParB in the pre- and post-hydrolysis state and provide insights into the catalytic mechanism underlying nucleotide hydrolysis. The characterization of CTPase-deficient ParB variants reveals that CTP hydrolysis serves as a timing mechanism to control the sliding time of ParB. Hyperstable clamps are trapped on the DNA, leading to excessing spreading and severe chromosome segregation defects in vivo. These findings clarify the role of the ParB CTPase cycle in partition complex dynamics and function and thus complete our understanding of this prototypic CTP-dependent molecular switch.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Osorio-Valeriano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altegoer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinchen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connolley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacomelli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feddersen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrales-Guerrero, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giammarinaro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanssmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bramkamp, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schäfer, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bange, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thanbichler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.05.442810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The CTPase activity of ParB acts as a timing mechanism to control the dynamics and function of prokaryotic DNA partition complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PQN-59 antagonizes microRNA-mediated repression and functions in stress granule formation during C. elegans development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
microRNAs (miRNAs) are potent regulators of gene expression that function in a variety of developmental and physiological processes by dampening the expression of their target genes at a post-transcriptional level. In many gene regulatory networks (GRNs), miRNAs function in a switch-like manner whereby their expression and activity elicit a transition from one stable pattern of gene expression to a distinct, equally stable pattern required to define a nascent cell fate. While the importance of miRNAs that function in this capacity are clear, we have less of an understanding of the cellular factors and mechanisms that ensure the robustness of this form of regulatory bistability. In a screen to identify suppressors of temporal patterning phenotypes that result from ineffective miRNA-mediated target repression during C. elegans development, we identified pqn-59, an ortholog of human UBAP2L, as a novel factor that antagonizes the activities of multiple heterochronic miRNAs. Specifically, we find that depletion of pqn-59 can restore normal development in animals with reduced miRNA activity. Importantly, inactivation of pqn-59 is not sufficient to bypass the requirement of these regulatory RNAs within the heterochronic GRN. The pqn-59 gene encodes an abundant, cytoplasmically localized and unstructured protein that harbors three essential "prion-like" domains. These domains exhibit LLPS properties in vitro and normally function to limit PQN-59 diffusion in the cytoplasm in vivo. Like human UBAP2L, PQN-59s localization becomes highly dynamic during stress conditions where it re-distributes to cytoplasmic stress granules and is important for their formation. Proteomic analysis of PQN-59 complexes from embryonic extracts indicates that PQN-59 and human UBAP2L interact with orthologous cellular components involved in RNA metabolism and promoting protein translation and that PQN-59 additionally interacts with proteins involved in transcription and intracellular transport. Finally, we demonstrate that pqn-59 depletion results in the stabilization of several mature miRNAs (including those involved in temporal patterning) without altering steady-state pre-miRNAs levels indicating that PQN-59 may ensure the bistability of some GRNs that require miRNA functions by promoting miRNA turnover and, like UBAP2L, enhancing protein translation.

AUTHOR SUMMARYBistability plays a central role in many gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that control developmental processes where distinct and mutually exclusive cell fates are generated in a defined order. While genetic analysis has identified a number of gene types that promote these transitions, we know little regarding the mechanisms and players that ensure these decisions are robust. and in many cases, irreversible. We leveraged the robust genetics and phenotypes associated with temporal patterning mutants of C. elegans to identify genes whose depletion would restore normal regulation in animals that express miRNA alleles that do not sufficiently down-regulate their targets. These efforts identified pqn-59, the C. elegans ortholog of the human UBAP2L gene. Like UBAP2L, PQN-59 likely forms a hub for a number of RNA/RNA-binding protein mediated processes in cells including translational activation and in the formation of stress granules in adverse environmental conditions. Finally, we also demonstrate that pqn-59 depletion stabilizes mature miRNA levels further connecting this new family of RNA-binding proteins to translation and miRNA-mediated gene regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlston, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stec, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbatemarco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwager, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.444139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PQN-59 antagonizes microRNA-mediated repression and functions in stress granule formation during C. elegans development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444419v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loricarioid catfish evolved skin denticles that recapitulate teeth at the structural, developmental, and genetic levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444419v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The first vertebrate mineralized skeleton was an external bony armor coated with dental structures. The subsequent emergence of a mineralized endoskeleton and of teeth are considered key innovations in the diversification of vertebrates. Although time clouds our understanding of the initial evolution of these mineralized structures, recent re-emergences may shed light on the underlying processes. Loricarioid catfishes are a lineage that, much like the ancestral vertebrates, bear denticle-clad bony armor from head to tail. Loricarioid denticles (LDs) and oral teeth are very similar in superstructure. We show here that other extra-oral dental structures are found as ancestral characters only in lineages that are distantly related to loricarioids such as sharks or coelacanth, indicating that LDs have independently re-emerged in loricarioid catfishes. We investigate whether the similarities between LDs and teeth extend to their developmental and genetic context, and how their development compares to that of other vertebrate integument structures. Our detailed study of the development of LDs, and gene expression analyses through in situ hybridization confirm that all 12 genes from the tooth-forming gene regulatory network (oGRN) are expressed in developing LDs in a similar way as they are expressed in developing teeth. We then compare the developmental, structural, and genetic aspects of LD and teeth with that of other integument appendages such as fish scales, shark dermal denticles, feathers and hairs. We find that LDs share all developmental cues with teeth and, to a lesser extent, with the other vertebrate integument structures. Taken together, our results indicate that denticles have re-emerged on the trunk of loricarioid catfishes through the ectopic co-option of the oGRN rather than the resurrection of an ancestral trunk-specific denticle genetic pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Rivera, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guevara-Delgadillo, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahechar, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya-Burgos, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444419</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loricarioid catfish evolved skin denticles that recapitulate teeth at the structural, developmental, and genetic levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.444996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motivated semantic control: Exploring the effects of extrinsic reward and self-reference on semantic retrieval in semantic aphasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.444996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent insights show increased motivation can benefit executive control, but this effect has not been explored in relation to semantic cognition. Patients with deficits of controlled semantic retrieval in the context of semantic aphasia (SA) after stroke may benefit from this approach since  semantic control is considered an executive process. Deficits in this domain are partially distinct from domain-general deficits of cognitive control. We assessed the effect of both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in healthy controls and semantic aphasia patients. Experiment 1 manipulated extrinsic reward using high or low levels of points for correct responses during a semantic association task. Experiment 2 manipulated the intrinsic value of items using self-reference; allocating pictures of items to the participant ( self) or researcher ( other) in a shopping game before people retrieved their semantic associations. These experiments revealed that patients, but not controls, showed better performance when given an extrinsic reward, consistent with the view that increased external motivation may help to ameliorate patients semantic control deficits. However, while self-reference was associated with better episodic memory, there was no effect on semantic retrieval. We conclude that semantic control deficits can be reduced when extrinsic rewards are anticipated; this enhanced motivational state is expected to support proactive control, for example, through the maintenance of task representations. It may be possible to harness this modulatory impact of reward to combat the control demands of semantic tasks in SA patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Souter, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stampacchia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smallwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jefferies, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.25.444996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motivated semantic control: Exploring the effects of extrinsic reward and self-reference on semantic retrieval in semantic aphasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Location and function of all Plasmodium kinesins: key roles in parasite proliferation, polarity, and transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kinesins are microtubule-based motors important in cell division, motility, polarity, and intracellular transport in many eukaryotes. However, they are poorly studied in the divergent eukaryotic pathogens- Plasmodium spp., the causative agents of malaria, which manifest atypical aspects of cell division and plasticity of morphology throughout the lifecycle in both mammalian and mosquito hosts. Here we describe a genome-wide screen of Plasmodium kinesins, revealing diverse subcellular locations and functions in spindle assembly, axoneme formation and cell morphology. Surprisingly, only kinesin-13 is essential for growth in the mammalian host while the other eight kinesins are required during the proliferative and invasive stages of parasite transmission through the mosquito vector. In-depth analyses of kinesin-13 and kinesin-20 revealed functions in microtubule dynamics during apical cell polarity formation, spindle assembly, and axoneme biogenesis. These findings help us to understand the importance of microtubule motors and may be exploited to discover new therapeutic interventions against malaria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeeshan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashpa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chahine, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moores, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Roch, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.445751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Location and function of all Plasmodium kinesins: key roles in parasite proliferation, polarity, and transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The complete sequence of a human genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In 2001, Celera Genomics and the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium published their initial drafts of the human genome, which revolutionized the field of genomics. While these drafts and the updates that followed effectively covered the euchromatic fraction of the genome, the heterochromatin and many other complex regions were left unfinished or erroneous. Addressing this remaining 8% of the genome, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) Consortium has finished the first truly complete 3.055 billion base pair (bp) sequence of a human genome, representing the largest improvement to the human reference genome since its initial release. The new T2T-CHM13 reference includes gapless assemblies for all 22 autosomes plus Chromosome X, corrects numerous errors, and introduces nearly 200 million bp of novel sequence containing 2,226 paralogous gene copies, 115 of which are predicted to be protein coding. The newly completed regions include all centromeric satellite arrays and the short arms of all five acrocentric chromosomes, unlocking these complex regions of the genome to variational and functional studies for the first time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nurk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rautiainen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikheenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollger, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altemose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uralsky, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aganezov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyt, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diekhans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logsdon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouffard, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldas, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lima, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dishuck, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durbin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dvorkina, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiddes, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formenti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fungtammasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrison, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grady, P. G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves-Lindsay, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haukness, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunkapiller, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.445798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The complete sequence of a human genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microarrayed human bone marrow organoids for modeling blood stem cell dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many leukemia patients, a poor prognosis is attributed either to the development of chemotherapy resistance by leukemic stem cells (LSCs) or to the inefficient engraftment of transplanted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) into the bone marrow (BM). Here, we build a 3D in vitro model system of bone marrow organoids (BMOs) that recapitulate several structural and cellular components of native BM. These organoids are formed in a high-throughput manner from the aggregation of endothelial and mesenchymal cells within hydrogel microwells. Accordingly, the mesenchymal compartment shows partial maintenance of its self-renewal and multilineage potential, while endothelial cells self-organize into an interconnected vessel-like network. Intriguingly, such a vascular compartment enhances the recruitment of HSPCs in a chemokine ligand/receptor-dependent manner, reminiscent of HSPC homing behavior in vivo. Additionally, we also model LSC migration and nesting in BMOs, thus highlighting the potential of this system as a well accessible and scalable preclinical model for candidate drug screening and patient-specific assays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miljkovic-Licina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoehnel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandenberg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guiet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrbar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gegenschatz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutolf, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.445803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microarrayed human bone marrow organoids for modeling blood stem cell dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global analysis of the zinc homeostasis network in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its gene expression dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zinc is one of the most important trace elements for life and its deficiency, like its excess, can be fatal. In the bacterial opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Zn homeostasis is not only required for survival, but also for virulence and antibiotic resistance. Thus, the bacterium possesses multiple Zn import/export/storage systems. In this work, we determine the expression dynamics of the entire P. aeruginosa Zn homeostasis network at both transcript and protein levels. Precisely, we followed the switch from a Zn-deficient environment, mimicking the initial immune strategy to counteract bacterial infections, to a Zn-rich environment, representing the phagocyte metal boost used to eliminate an engulfed pathogen. Thanks to the use of the NanoString technology, we timed the global silencing of Zn import systems and the orchestrated induction of Zn export systems. We show that the induction of Zn export systems is hierarchically organized as a function of their impact on Zn homeostasis. Moreover, we identify PA2807 as a novel Zn resistance component in P. aeruginosa and highlight new regulatory links among Zn-homeostasis systems. Altogether, this work unveils a sophisticated and adaptive homeostasis network, which complexity is key in determining a pathogen spread in the environment and during host-colonization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ducret, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves Milho, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leoni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin--Pelaud, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segovia Campos, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tercier Waeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perron, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global analysis of the zinc homeostasis network in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its gene expression dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.445237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of tissue-specific and common methylation quantitative trait loci in healthy individuals using MAGAR 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.445237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundUnderstanding the influence of genetic variants on DNA methylation is fundamental for the interpretation of epigenomic data in the context of disease. There is a need for systematic approaches not only for determining methylation quantitative trait loci (methQTL) but also for discriminating general from cell-type-specific effects.

ResultsHere, we present a two-step computational framework MAGAR, which fully supports identification of methQTLs from matched genotyping and DNA methylation data, and additionally the identification of quantitative cell-type-specific methQTL effects. In a pilot analysis, we apply MAGAR on data in four tissues (ileum, rectum, T-cells, B-cells) from healthy individuals and demonstrate the discrimination of common from cell-type-specific methQTLs. We experimentally validate both types of methQTLs in an independent dataset comprising additional cell types and tissues. Finally, we validate selected methQTLs (PON1, ZNF155, NRG2) by ultra-deep local sequencing. In line with previous reports, we find cell-type-specific methQTLs to be preferentially located in enhancer elements.

ConclusionsOur analysis demonstrates that a systematic analysis of methQTLs provides important new insights on the influences of genetic variants to cell-type-specific epigenomic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scherer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasparoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmouni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shashkova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnoux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nostaeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avalos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aulchenko, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengauer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georges, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.30.445237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of tissue-specific and common methylation quantitative trait loci in healthy individuals using MAGAR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110γ-p101 complex reveals molecular mechanism of GPCR activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), PI3K{gamma}, is a master regulator of immune cell function, and a promising drug target for both cancer and inflammatory diseases. Critical to PI3K{gamma} function is the association of the p110{gamma} catalytic subunit to either a p101 or p84 regulatory subunit, which mediates activation by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of a heterodimeric PI3K{gamma} complex, p110{gamma}-p101. This structure reveals a unique assembly of catalytic and regulatory subunits that is distinct from other class I PI3K complexes. p101 mediates activation through its G{beta}{gamma} binding domain, recruiting the heterodimer to the membrane and allowing for engagement of a secondary G{beta}{gamma} binding site in p110{gamma}. Multiple oncogenic mutations mapped to these novel interfaces and enhanced G{beta}{gamma} activation. A nanobody that specifically binds to the p101-G{beta}{gamma} interface blocks activation providing a novel tool to study and target p110{gamma}-p101-specific signaling events in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rathinaswamy, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalwadi, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stariha, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pardon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiMaio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steyaert, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.01.446612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110γ-p101 complex reveals molecular mechanism of GPCR activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual control of MAPK activities by AP2C1 and MKP1 MAPK phosphatases regulates defence responses in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades transmit environmental signals and induce stress and defence responses in plants. These signalling cascades are negatively controlled by specific phosphatases of the type 2C Ser/Thr protein phosphatase (PP2C) and dual-specificity phosphatase (DSP) families that inactivate stress-induced MAPKs; however, the interplay between phosphatases of these different types has remained unknown. Our work reveals that different Arabidopsis MAPK phosphatases, the PP2C-type AP2C1 and the DSP-type MKP1, exhibit both specific and overlapping functions in plant stress responses. Each single mutant and ap2c1 mkp1 double mutant displayed enhanced wound-induced activation of MAPKs MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6, as well as induction of a set of transcription factors. Moreover, ap2c1 mkp1 double mutants show an autoimmune-like response, associated with elevated levels the stress hormones salicylic acid and ethylene, and of the phytoalexin camalexin. Interestingly, this phenotype is reduced in ap2c1 mkp1 mpk6 triple mutants, suggesting that the autoimmune-like response is due to MPK6 misregulation. We conclude that the evolutionarily distant MAPK phosphatases AP2C1 and MKP1 contribute crucially to the tight control of MPK6 activity, ensuring appropriately balanced stress signalling and suppression of autoimmune-like responses during plant growth and development.

HighlightDouble MAPK phosphatase mutant plants ap2c1 mkp1 exhibit constitutive, autoimmune-like stress responses, dependent on their substrate MAPK MPK6.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ayatollahi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazanaviciute, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shubchynskyy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvederaviciute, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwanninger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozhon, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stumpe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartels, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balazadeh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller-Roeber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meskiene, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweighofer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.03.446911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual control of MAPK activities by AP2C1 and MKP1 MAPK phosphatases regulates defence responses in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Western Amazon was a center of Neotropical fish dispersal, as evidenced by the continental-wide time-stratified biogeographic analysis of the hyper-diverse Hypostomus catfish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446980v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Amazon is probably the most diverse realm on Earth, and is considered to be the primary source of diversity and a center of dispersal for Neotropical terrestrial organisms. Yet, the assumption that the Amazon basin is a primordial place of fish species origination and dispersal into other drainages still need to be tested. We addressed this issue by inferring a time-stratified biogeographic history and reconstructing the ancestral habitat preference of Hypostomus, a continentally widespread and species-rich Neotropical genus. We found that Hypostomus emerged in the Western Amazon ([~]14.7 Ma), when the Western Amazon River was flowing northwards and disconnected from the Eastern Amazon. We show that dispersal events in the first half of Hypostomus evolution occurred from the Western Amazon into adjacent basins, initiating its Neotropical radiation. The ancestral preferred habitat consisted in small rivers with running waters, a predominant habitat in river headwaters. Because of strong niche conservatism in the early evolution of Hypostomus, we suggest that most of the out-of-Western-Amazon dispersal occurred via headwater captures. The radiation of Hypostomus was further promoted by major reconfigurations of river basins, which opened dispersal opportunities into new drainages. Diversification in habitat preference coincided with colonization of basins already occupied by congenerics, indicative of niche shifts triggered by inter-specific competition and species coexistence. By analyzing the evolutionary history of Hypostomus, we show that Western Amazon was the main center of fish dispersal in the Neotropical Region from Middle Miocene to the present, supporting the cradle hypothesis of fish origination and dispersal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jardim de Queiroz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardoso, Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahechar, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parente, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torrente-Vilara, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckup, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya-Burgos, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.03.446980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Western Amazon was a center of Neotropical fish dispersal, as evidenced by the continental-wide time-stratified biogeographic analysis of the hyper-diverse Hypostomus catfish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.07.447430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-cells untangle large and complex single-cell transcriptome networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.07.447430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The exponential scaling of scRNA-seq data represents an important hurdle for downstream analyses. Here we develop a coarse-graining framework where highly similar cells are merged into metacells. We demonstrate that metacells not only preserve but often improve the results of downstream analyses including visualization, clustering, differential expression, cell type annotation, gene correlation, imputation, RNA velocity and data integration. By capitalizing on the redundancy inherent to scRNA-seq data, metacells significantly facilitate and accelerate the construction and interpretation of single-cell atlases, as demonstrated by the integration of 1.46 million cells from COVID-19 patients in less than two hours on a standard desktop.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bilous, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cianciaruso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmona, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pittet, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gfeller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.07.447430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-cells untangle large and complex single-cell transcriptome networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Cost of Untracked Diversity in Brain-Imaging Prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain-imaging research enjoys increasing adoption of supervised machine learning for singlesubject disease classification. Yet, the success of these algorithms likely depends on population diversity, including demographic differences and other factors that may be outside of primary scientific interest. Here, we capitalize on propensity scores as a composite confound index to quantify diversity due to major sources of population stratification. We delineate the impact of population heterogeneity on the predictive accuracy and pattern stability in two separate clinical cohorts: the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE, n=297) and the Healthy Brain Network (HBN, n=551). Across various analysis scenarios, our results uncover the extent to which cross-validated prediction performances are interlocked with diversity. The instability of extracted brain patterns attributable to diversity is located preferentially to the default mode network. Our collective findings highlight the limitations of prevailing deconfounding practices in mitigating the full consequences of population diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benkarim, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paquola, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, B.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebets, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vos de Wael, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, B. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickenberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poline, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzdok, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.16.448764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Cost of Untracked Diversity in Brain-Imaging Prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PLEKHA5, PLEKHA6 and PLEKHA7 bind to PDZD11 to target the Menkes ATPase ATP7A to the cell periphery and regulate copper homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copper homeostasis is crucial for cellular physiology and development, and its dysregulation leads to disease. The Menkes ATPase ATP7A plays a key role in copper efflux, by trafficking from the Golgi to the plasma membrane upon cell exposure to elevated copper, but the mechanisms that target ATP7A to the cell periphery are poorly understood. PDZD11 interacts with the C-terminus of ATP7A, which contains sequences involved in ATP7A trafficking, but the role of PDZD11 in ATP7A localization is unknown. Here we identify PLEKHA5 and PLEKHA6 as new interactors of PDZD11, which similarly to the junctional protein PLEKHA7 bind to PDZD11 N-terminus through their WW domains. Using CRISPR-KO kidney epithelial cells, we show by immunofluorescence that WW-PLEKHAs (PLEKHA5, PLEKHA6, PLEKHA7) recruit PDZD11 to distinct plasma membrane localizations, and that they are required for the efficient anterograde targeting of ATP7A to the cell periphery in elevated copper. Pulldown experiments show that WW-PLEKHAs promote PDZD11 interaction with the C-terminus of ATP7A. However, WW-PLEKHAs and PDZD11 are not necessary for ATP7A Golgi localization in basal copper, ATP7A copper-induced exit from the Golgi, and ATP7A retrograde trafficking to the Golgi. Finally, measuring bioavailable copper with the labile copper probe CF4 shows that WW-PLEKHAs and PDZD11 are required to maintain low intracellular copper levels when cells are exposed to elevated copper. These data indicate that WW-PLEKHAs-PDZD11 complexes regulate the localization and function of ATP7A to modulate cellular copper homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Citi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sluysmans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mean, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boukhatemi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jond, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.17.448791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PLEKHA5, PLEKHA6 and PLEKHA7 bind to PDZD11 to target the Menkes ATPase ATP7A to the cell periphery and regulate copper homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pressure and curvature control of contact inhibition in epithelia growing under spherical confinement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Morphogenesis requires spatiotemporal regulation of cell shape and proliferation, both regulated by biochemical and mechanical cues. In epithelia, this regulation is called contact inhibition, but disentangling biochemical from mechanical cues remains challenging. Here, we show that epithelia growing under confinement accumulate pressure that inhibits proliferation above a threshold value, which depends on the {beta}-catenin pathway. Before inhibition of proliferation, cell aspect ratio abruptly increased upon reaching confluency. This shape transition occurred at low, constant pressure and was mainly controlled by cell density and contractility, correlating with YAP/TAZ pathway inhibition. In our system, epithelia spontaneously buckle: we observed that folding transiently reactivates both the YAP/TAZ pathway and cell proliferation. Altogether, our results support that different mechanical cues part of contact inhibition regulate cell proliferation through different mechanosensing pathways. Proliferation is regulated by sustained, tissue-level pressure through the {beta}-catenin pathway, and by local curvature and pressure changes through the YAP/TAZ pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Di Meglio, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trushko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillamat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanch-Mercader, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.17.448824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pressure and curvature control of contact inhibition in epithelia growing under spherical confinement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Analyses of Epigenetic Predictors that Estimate Aging, Metabolic Traits, and Lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) are linked to aging. Here, we profile highly conserved CpGs in 339 predominantly female mice belonging to the BXD family for which we have deep longevity and genomic data. We use a  pan-mammalian microarray that provides a common platform for assaying the methylome across mammalian clades. We computed epigenetic clocks and tested associations with DNAm entropy, diet, weight, metabolic traits, and genetic variation. We describe the multifactorial variance of methylation at these CpGs, and show that high fat diet augments the age-associated changes. Entropy increases with age. The progression to disorder, particularly at CpGs that gain methylation over time, was predictive of genotype-dependent life expectancy. The longer-lived BXD strains had comparatively lower entropy at a given age. We identified two genetic loci that modulate rates of epigenetic age acceleration (EAA): one on chromosome (Chr) 11 that encompasses the Erbb2/Her2 oncogenic region, and a second on Chr19 that contains a cytochrome P450 cluster. Both loci harbor genes associated with EAA in humans including STXBP4, NKX2-3, and CUTC. Transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed associations with oxidation-reduction, metabolic, and immune response pathways. Our results highlight concordant loci for EAA in humans and mice, and demonstrate a tight coupling between the metabolic state and epigenetic aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mozhui, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haghani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval-Sierra, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.23.449634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Analyses of Epigenetic Predictors that Estimate Aging, Metabolic Traits, and Lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.450190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced fitness of SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7, but not B.1.351, in animal models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.450190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging variants of concern (VOCs) drive the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We assessed VOC B.1.1.7, now prevalent in several countries, and VOC B.1.351, representing the greatest threat to populations with immunity to the early SARS-CoV-2 progenitors. B.1.1.7 showed a clear fitness advantage over the progenitor variant (wt-S614G) in ferrets and two mouse models, where the substitutions in the spike glycoprotein were major drivers for fitness advantage. In the "superspreader" hamster model, B.1.1.7 and wt-S614G had comparable fitness, whereas B.1.351 was outcompeted. The VOCs had similar replication kinetics as compared to wt-S614G in human airway epithelial cultures. Our study highlights the importance of using multiple models for complete fitness characterization of VOCs and demonstrates adaptation of B.1.1.7 towards increased upper respiratory tract replication and enhanced transmission in vivo.

Summary sentenceB.1.1.7 VOC outcompetes progenitor SARS-CoV-2 in upper respiratory tract replication competition in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ulrich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halwe, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taddeo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebert, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schön, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devisme, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trüeb, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wider, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bekliz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Essaidi-Laziosi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niemeyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corman, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laloli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breithaupt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wylezich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berenguer Veiga, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gultom, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adea, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberhardt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gsell-Albert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labroussaa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jores, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Summerfield, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drosten, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckerle, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dijkman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benarafa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.28.450190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced fitness of SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7, but not B.1.351, in animal models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Dictyostelium discoideum E3 ubiquitin ligase TrafE coordinates endolysosomal damage response and cell-autonomous immunity to Mycobacterium marinum. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells are perpetually challenged by pathogens, protein aggregates or chemicals, that induce plasma membrane or endolysosomal compartments damage, recognised as severe stress and controlled downstream by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and the autophagy machineries that are recruited to damaged membranes to either repair or to remove membrane remnants. Yet little is known about the upstream endolysosomal damage response (ELDR) factors that sense damage and lead to extensive tagging of the damaged organelles with signals, such as K63-polyubiquitin, required for the recruitment of ELDR components. To explore ELDR key factors responsible for detection and marking of damaged compartments we use the professional phagocyte Dictyostelium discoideum. We found an evolutionary conserved E3-ligase, TrafE, that is robustly recruited to intracellular compartments disrupted after infection with Mycobacterium marinum or after sterile damage caused by chemical compounds. TrafE acts at the intersection of ESCRT and autophagy pathways and plays a key role in functional recruitment of the ESCRT subunits ALIX, Vps32 and Vps4 to damage sites or maturing autophagosomes. Importantly, we show that the absence of TrafE severely compromises the xenophagy restriction of bacteria as well as ESCRT-mediated and autophagy-mediated ELDR, resulting in early cell death.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raykov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mottet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitschke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.29.450281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Dictyostelium discoideum E3 ubiquitin ligase TrafE coordinates endolysosomal damage response and cell-autonomous immunity to Mycobacterium marinum.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clonally expanded virus-specific CD8 T cells acquire diverse transcriptional phenotypes during acute, chronic, and latent infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in the control and resolution of viral infections and can adopt a wide range of phenotypes and effector functions depending on the inflammatory context and the duration and extent of antigen exposure. Similarly, viral infections can exert diverse selective pressures on populations of clonally related T cells. Technical limitations have nevertheless made it challenging to investigate the relationship between clonal selection and transcriptional phenotypes of virus-specific T cells. We therefore performed single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and transcriptome sequencing of virus-specific CD8 T cells in murine models of acute, chronic and latent infection. We observed clear infection-specific populations corresponding to memory, effector, exhausted, and inflationary phenotypes. We further uncovered a mouse-specific and polyclonal T cell response, despite all T cells sharing specificity to a single viral epitope, which was accompanied by stereotypic TCR germline gene usage in all three infection types. Persistent antigen exposure during chronic and latent viral infections resulted in a higher proportion of clonally expanded T cells relative to acute infection. We furthermore observed a relationship between transcriptional heterogeneity and clonal expansion for all three infections, with highly expanded clones having distinct transcriptional phenotypes relative to lowly expanded clones. Finally, we developed and utilized a bioinformatic pipeline integrating pseudotime and clonality, termed Clonotyme, to further support a model in which expanded virus-specific CD8+ T cells adopt heterogenic, yet preferentially, effector-like phenotypes. Together our work relates clonal selection to gene expression in the context of viral infection and further provides a dataset and accompanying software for the immunological community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrafiotis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumeier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oxenius, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yermanos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.29.450285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clonally expanded virus-specific CD8 T cells acquire diverse transcriptional phenotypes during acute, chronic, and latent infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Healthcare experience disrupts representational similarity between one's and others' pain in anterior insula 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Medical students and professional healthcare providers often underestimate patients pain, together with decreased neural responses to pain information in the anterior insula (AI), a brain region implicated in self-pain processing and negative affect. However, the functional significance and specificity of these neural changes remains debated. Across two experiments, we recruited university medical students and emergency nurses to test the role of healthcare experience on the brain reactivity to others pain, emotions, and beliefs, using both pictorial and verbal cues. Brain responses to self-pain was also assessed and compared with those to observed pain. Our results confirmed that healthcare experience decreased the activity in AI in response to others suffering. This effect was independent from stimulus modality (pictures or texts), but specific for pain, as it did not generalize to inferences about other mental or affective states. Furthermore, representational similarity and multivariate pattern analysis revealed that healthcare experience impacted specifically a component of the neural representation of others pain that is shared with that of first-hand nociception, and related more to AI than to other pain-responsive regions. Taken together, our study suggests a decreased propensity to appraise others suffering as ones own, associated with a reduced recruitment of pain-specific information in AI. These findings provide new insights into neural mechanisms leading to pain underestimation by caregivers in clinical settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corradi-Dell'Acqua, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofstetter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharvit, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugli, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.01.450687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Healthcare experience disrupts representational similarity between one's and others' pain in anterior insula]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitotic chromosome condensation requires phosphorylation of the centromeric protein KNL-2 in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeres are chromosomal regions that serve as sites for kinetochore formation and microtubule attachment, processes that are essential for chromosome segregation during mitosis. Centromeres are almost universally defined by the histone variant CENP-A. In the holocentric nematode C. elegans, CENP-A deposition depends on the loading factor KNL-2. Depletion of either CENP-A or KNL-2 results in defects in centromere maintenance, chromosome condensation and kinetochore formation, leading to chromosome segregation failure. Here, we show that KNL-2 is phosphorylated by CDK-1, and that mutation of three C-terminal phosphorylation sites causes chromosome segregation defects and an increase in embryonic lethality. In strains expressing phosphodeficient KNL-2, CENP-A and kinetochore proteins are properly localised, indicating that the role of KNL-2 in centromere maintenance is not affected. Instead, the mutant embryos exhibit reduced mitotic levels of condensin II on chromosomes and significant chromosome condensation impairment. Our findings separate the functions of KNL-2 in CENP-A loading and chromosome condensation and demonstrate that KNL-2 phosphorylation regulates the cooperation between centromeric regions and the condensation machinery in C. elegans.

SUMMARY STATEMENTPhosphorylation of the essential centromere protein KNL-2 is required for mitotic chromosome condensation, but not for the role of KNL-2 in centromere maintenance and kinetochore formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wenda, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prosee, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.01.450752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitotic chromosome condensation requires phosphorylation of the centromeric protein KNL-2 in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.04.451059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mice and primates use distinct strategies for visual segmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.04.451059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rodent visual system has attracted great interest in recent years due to its experimental tractability, but the fundamental mechanisms used by the mouse to represent the visual world remain unclear. In the primate, researchers have argued from both behavioral and neural evidence that a key step in visual representation is "figure-ground segmentation," the delineation of figures as distinct from backgrounds [1-4]. To determine if mice also show behavioral and neural signatures of figure-ground segmentation, we trained mice on a figure-ground segmentation task where figures were defined by gratings and naturalistic textures moving counterphase to the background. Unlike primates, mice were severely limited in their ability to segment figure from ground using the opponent motion cue, with segmentation behavior strongly dependent on the specific carrier pattern. Remarkably, when mice were forced to localize naturalistic patterns defined by opponent motion, they adopted a strategy of brute force memorization of texture patterns. In contrast, primates, including humans, macaques, and mouse lemurs, could readily segment figures independent of carrier pattern using the opponent motion cue. Consistent with mouse behavior, neural responses to the same stimuli recorded in mouse visual areas V1, RL, and LM also did not support texture-invariant segmentation of figures using opponent motion. Modeling revealed that the texture dependence of both the mouses behavior and neural responses could be explained by a feedforward neural network lacking explicit segmentation capabilities. These findings reveal a fundamental limitation in the ability of mice to segment visual objects compared to primates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luongo, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C. L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesse, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wekselblatt, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanfranchi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsao, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.04.451059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mice and primates use distinct strategies for visual segmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PLK1 controls centriole distal appendage formation and centrobin removal via independent pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles are central structural elements of centrosomes and cilia. They originate as daughter centrioles from existing centrioles in S-phase and reach their full functionality with the formation of distal and subdistal appendages two mitoses later. Current models postulate that the centriolar protein centrobin acts as placeholder for distal appendage proteins that must be removed to complete distal appendage formation. Here, we investigated in non-transformed human epithelial cells the mechanisms controlling centrobin removal and its effect on distal appendage formation. We demonstrate that centrobin is removed from older centrioles due to a higher affinity for the newly born daughter centrioles, under the control of the centrosomal kinase Plk1. Centrobin removal also depends on the presence of subdistal appendage proteins on the oldest centriole. It is, however, not required for distal appendage formation even though this process is equally dependent on Plk1. We conclude that during centriole maturation, Plk1 kinase regulates centrobin removal and distal appendage formation via separate pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LeRoux-Bourdieu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harry, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraldi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.06.451279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PLK1 controls centriole distal appendage formation and centrobin removal via independent pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.451567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation - the second round of challenges 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.451567v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evaluating metagenomic software is key for optimizing metagenome interpretation and focus of the community-driven initiative for the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI). In its second challenge, CAMI engaged the community to assess their methods on realistic and complex metagenomic datasets with long and short reads, created from [~]1,700 novel and known microbial genomes, as well as [~]600 novel plasmids and viruses. Altogether 5,002 results by 76 program versions were analyzed, representing a 22x increase in results.

Substantial improvements were seen in metagenome assembly, some due to using long-read data. The presence of related strains still was challenging for assembly and genome binning, as was assembly quality for the latter. Taxon profilers demonstrated a marked maturation, with taxon profilers and binners excelling at higher bacterial taxonomic ranks, but underperforming for viruses and archaea. Assessment of clinical pathogen detection techniques revealed a need to improve reproducibility. Analysis of program runtimes and memory usage identified highly efficient programs, including some top performers with other metrics. The CAMI II results identify current challenges, but also guide researchers in selecting methods for specific analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meyer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslicki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurevich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limasset, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolmogorov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cristian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nissen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeller, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paoli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruscheweyh, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milanese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunagawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagarajan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malcher-Miranda, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piro, V. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chikhi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicedomini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dabrowski, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willassen, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klemetsen, T</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.12.451567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation - the second round of challenges]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.452210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ternary complex CEP90, FOPNL and OFD1 specifies the future location of centriolar distal appendages, and promotes their assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.452210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In metazoa, cilia assembly is a cellular process that starts with centriole to basal body maturation, migration to the cell surface and docking to the plasma membrane. Basal body docking involves the interaction of both the distal end of the basal body and the transition fibers / distal appendages, with the plasma membrane. Mutations in numerous genes involved in basal body docking and transition zone assembly are associated with the most severe ciliopathies, highlighting the importance of these events in cilium biogenesis. In this context, the ciliate Paramecium has been widely used as a model system to study basal body and cilia assembly. However, despite the apparent evolutionary conservation of cilia assembly events across phyla, whether the same molecular players are functionally conserved, is not fully known. Here, we demonstrated that CEP90, FOPNL and OFD1 form an evolutionary conserved complex that is crucial for ciliogenesis. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we unveiled that these proteins localize at the distal end of both centrioles/basal bodies in Paramecium and mammalian cells. Moreover, we found that these proteins are recruited early after centriole duplication on the external surface of the procentriole and define the future location of the distal appendages. Functional analysis performed both in Paramecium and mammalian cells demonstrate the requirement of this complex for distal appendage assembly and basal body docking. Finally, we show that mammals require another component, Moonraker (MNR), to recruit OFD1, FOPNL, and CEP90, which will then recruits the distal appendage protein CEP83. Altogether, we propose that this ternary complex is required to determine the future position of distal appendages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le Borgne, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greibill, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemullois, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temagoult, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosnet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Guennec, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lignieres, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koll, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tassin, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.13.452210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ternary complex CEP90, FOPNL and OFD1 specifies the future location of centriolar distal appendages, and promotes their assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.17.452644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APOE2, E3 and E4 differentially modulate cellular homeostasis, cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory response in isogenic iPSC-derived astrocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.17.452644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the principal lipid carrier in the CNS and mainly expressed by astrocytes. The three different APOE alleles (E2, E3, and E4) impose differential risk to Alzheimers disease (AD); E2 is protective, E3 is defined as average risk, while E4 is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic AD. Despite recent advances, the fundamental role of different APOE alleles in brain homeostasis is still poorly understood. To uncover the functional role of APOE in human astrocytes, we differentiated human APOE-isogenic iPSCs (E4, E3, E2 and APOE-knockout (KO)) to functional astrocytes (hereafter "iAstrocytes"), with a resting, non-proliferating phenotype. Functional assays indicated that polymorphisms in APOE (APOE4>E3>E2=KO) reduced iAstrocyte metabolic and clearance functions including glutamate uptake and receptor-mediated uptake of {beta}-amyloid aggregates. We performed unlabelled mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of iAstrocytes at baseline and after activation with interleukin-1{beta} (IL-1{beta}) showing a reduction of cholesterol and lipid metabolic and biosynthetic pathways, and an increase of immunoregulatory pathways at baseline (E4>E3>E2). Cholesterol efflux and biosynthesis were reduced in E4 iAstrocytes, and subcellular localization of cholesterol in lysosomes was increased. In APOE-KO iAstrocytes, APOE-independent mechanisms showed to be proficient in mediating cholesterol biosynthesis and efflux. Proteomic analysis of IL-1{beta}-treated iAstrocytes showed an increase of cholesterol/lipid metabolism and biosynthesis as well as inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, cholesterol efflux, which was reduced in APOE4 iAstrocytes at baseline, was alleviated in activated E4 iAstrocytes. Inflammatory cytokine release was exacerbated upon IL-1{beta} treatment in E4 iAstrocytes (E4>E3>E2>KO), in line with the proteomic data. Taken together, we show that APOE plays a major role in several physiological and metabolic processes in human astrocytes with APOE4 pushing iAstrocytes to a disease-relevant phenotype, causing dysregulated cholesterol/lipid homeostasis, increased inflammatory signalling and reduced {beta}-amyloid uptake while APOE2 iAstrocytes show opposing effects.

Our study provides a new reference for AD-relevant proteomic and metabolic changes, mediated by the three main APOE isoforms in human astrocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Leeuw, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschner, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rust, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolski, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavin, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitsch, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tackenberg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.17.452644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APOE2, E3 and E4 differentially modulate cellular homeostasis, cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory response in isogenic iPSC-derived astrocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrastructure expansion microscopy of Plasmodium gametocytes reveals the molecular architecture of a microtubule organisation centre coordinating mitosis with axoneme assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transmission of malaria-causing parasites to mosquitoes relies on the production of the gametocyte stages and their development into gametes upon a blood feed. These stages display various microtubule cytoskeletons and the architecture of the corresponding microtubule organisation centres (MTOC) remains elusive. Combining ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) with bulk proteome labelling, we first reconstructed in 3D the subpellicular microtubule network and its associated actin cytoskeleton, which confer cell rigidity to Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. Upon activation, as the microgametocyte undergoes three rounds of endomitosis, it simultaneously assembles axonemes to form eight flagellated microgametes. Here, U-ExM combined with Pan-ExM revealed the molecular architecture of a single bipartite MTOC coordinating mitosis with axoneme formation. This MTOC spans the nuclear membrane linking acentriolar mitotic plaques to cytoplasmic basal bodies by proteinaceous filaments. The eight basal bodies are concomitantly de novo assembled from a deuterosome-like structure, where centrin, {gamma}-tubulin, SAS4/CPAP and SAS6 form distinct subdomains. Once assembled, the basal bodies show a fusion of the proximal and central cores where colocalised centrin and SAS6 are surrounded by a SAS4/CPAP-toroid in the lumen of the microtubule wall. Sequential nucleation of axonemes and mitotic spindles is associated with a dynamic movement of {gamma}-tubulin from the basal bodies to the acentriolar plaques. We finally show that this atypical MTOC architecture relies on two non-canonical MTOC regulators, the calcium-dependent protein kinase 4 and the serine/arginine-protein kinase 1. Altogether, these results provide insights into the molecular organisation of a bipartite MTOC that may reflect a functional transition of a basal body to coordinate axoneme formation with mitosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rashpa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.21.453039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrastructure expansion microscopy of Plasmodium gametocytes reveals the molecular architecture of a microtubule organisation centre coordinating mitosis with axoneme assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CoverageMaster: comprehensive CNV detection and visualization from NGS short reads for genetic medicine applications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CoverageMaster (CoM) is a Copy Number Variation (CNV) calling algorithm based on depth-of-coverage maps designed to detect CNVs of any size in exome (WES) and genome (WGS) data. The core of the algorithm is the compression of sequencing coverage data in a multiscale Wavelet space and the analysis through an iterative Hidden Markov Model (HMM). CoM processes WES and WGS data at nucleotide scale resolution and accurately detect and visualize full size range CNVs, including single or partial exon deletions and duplications. The results obtained with this approach support the possibility for coverage-based CNV callers to replace probe-based methods such array CGH and MLPA in the near future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rapti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meylan Merlini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranza, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoni, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.21.453195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CoverageMaster: comprehensive CNV detection and visualization from NGS short reads for genetic medicine applications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microtubule-based mitotic spindles contain a micron-sized mixed-nucleotide zone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453504v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current models infer that the microtubule-based mitotic spindle is built from GDP-tubulin with small GTP caps at microtubule plus-ends, including those that attach to kinetochores (K-fibres). Here we reveal that K-fibres additionally contain a dynamic mixed-nucleotide zone that reaches several microns in length. This zone becomes visible in cells expressing fluorescently labelled EBs, a known marker for GTP-tubulin, and endogenously-labelled HURP - a protein which we show to preferentially bind the GDP microtubule lattice in vitro. In living cells HURP accumulates on the ends of depolymerising K-fibres, whilst avoiding recruitment to nascent polymerising K-fibres. This gives rise to a growing "HURP-gap" which we can recapitulate in a minimal computational simulation. We therefore postulate that the K-fibre lattice contains a dynamic, micron-sized mixed-nucleotide zone.

One Sentence SummaryWe reveal that the microtubules of the mitotic spindle contain a third, uncharacterized domain, a mixed nucleotide zone that resides between the GTP-cap and the GDP-tubulin lattice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castrogiovanni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inchingolo, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudka, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burroughs, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAinsh, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraldi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.23.453504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microtubule-based mitotic spindles contain a micron-sized mixed-nucleotide zone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.27.453925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Size of the cell nucleus and its effect on the chromatin structure in living cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.27.453925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA-architectural proteins play a major role in organization of chromosomal DNA in living cells by packaging it into chromatin, whose spatial conformation is determined by an intricate interplay between the DNA-binding properties of architectural proteins and physical constraints applied to the DNA by a tight nuclear space. Yet, the exact effects of the cell nucleus size on DNA-protein interactions and chromatin structure currently remain obscure. Furthermore, there is even no clear understanding of molecular mechanisms responsible for the nucleus size regulation in living cells. To find answers to these questions, we developed a general theoretical framework based on a combination of polymer field theory and transfer-matrix calculations, which showed that the nucleus size is mainly determined by the difference between the surface tensions of the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane as well as the osmotic pressure exerted by cytosolic macromolecules on the nucleus. In addition, the model demonstrated that the cell nucleus functions as a piezoelectric element, changing its electrostatic potential in a size-dependent manner. This effect has been found to have a profound impact on stability of nucleosomes, revealing a previously unknown link between the nucleus size and chromatin structure. Overall, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulation of the cell nucleus size, as well as the potential role of nuclear organization in shaping the cell response to environmental cues.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cell nucleus plays a central role in the life of eukaryotic cells, providing the highest level of control of intracellular processes. Depending on the stage of the cell cycle and / or surrounding environment, the size of the cell nucleus may undergo changes that are believed to cause chromatin reorganization, affecting gene transcription. At present, however, there is no clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for such regulation, whose exact effect on chromatin structure remains unclear. In this study, by developing an advanced computational approach, we explore these issues from a physical perspective, revealing previously unknown mechanisms contributing to organization of the cell nucleus and chromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Efremov, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.27.453925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Size of the cell nucleus and its effect on the chromatin structure in living cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.27.453967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel anti-influenza combined therapy assessed by single cell RNA-sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.27.453967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza makes millions of people ill every year, placing a large burden on the healthcare system and the economy. To develop a novel treatment against influenza, we combined virucidal sialylated cyclodextrins with interferon lambda and demonstrated, in human airway epithelia, that the two compounds inhibit the replication of a clinical H1N1 strain more efficiently when administered together rather than alone. We investigated the mechanism of action of the combined treatment by single cell RNA sequencing analysis and found that both the single and combined treatments impair viral replication to different extents across distinct epithelial cell types. We also showed that each cell type comprises multiple sub-types, whose proportions are altered by H1N1 infection, and assess the ability of the treatments to restore them. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study investigating the effectiveness of an antiviral therapy by transcriptomic studies at the single cell level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medaglia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolpakov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Constant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwygart, A. C.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cagno, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stellacci, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xenarios, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapparel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.27.453967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel anti-influenza combined therapy assessed by single cell RNA-sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.455556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase transition specified by a binary code patterns the vertebrate eye cup 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.455556v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The developing vertebrate eye cup is partitioned into the neural retina (NR), the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and the ciliary margin (CM). By single cell analysis, we showed that a gradient of FGF signaling regulates demarcation and subdivision of the CM and controls its stem cell-like property of self-renewal, differentiation and survival. This regulation by FGF is balanced by an evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling gradient induced by the lens ectoderm and the periocular mesenchyme, which specifies the CM and the distal RPE. These two morphogen gradients converge in the CM where FGF signaling promotes Wnt signaling by stabilizing {beta}-catenin in a GSK3{beta}-independent manner. We further showed that activation of Wnt signaling converts the NR to either the CM or the RPE depending on the level of FGF signaling. Conversely, activation of FGF transforms the RPE to the NR or CM dependent on Wnt activity. We demonstrated that the default fate of the eye cup is the NR, but synergistic FGF and Wnt signaling promotes CM formation both in vivo and in retinal organoid culture of human iPS cells. Our study reveals that the vertebrate eye develops through phase transition determined by a combinatorial code of FGF and Wnt signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balasubramanian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, P. M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giudice, Q. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polanco, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makrides, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peregrin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouaziz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenaventura, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabre, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.12.455556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase transition specified by a binary code patterns the vertebrate eye cup]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DEVELOPMENTAL AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A HOXD REGULATORY LANDSCAPE IN MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modifications in gene regulation during development are considered to be a driving force in the evolution of organisms. Part of these changes involve rapidly evolving cis-regulatory elements (CREs), which interact with their target genes through higher-order 3D chromatin structures. However, how such 3D architectures and variations in CREs contribute to transcriptional evolvability remains elusive. During vertebrate evolution, Hox genes were redeployed in different organs in a class-specific manner, while maintaining the same basic function in organizing the primary body axis. Since a large part of the relevant enhancers are located in a conserved regulatory landscape, this gene cluster represents an interesting paradigm to study the emergence of regulatory innovations. Here, we analysed Hoxd gene regulation in both murine vibrissae and chicken feather primordia, two mammalian- and avian-specific skin appendages which express different subsets of Hoxd genes, and compared their regulatory modalities with the regulations at work during the elongation of the posterior trunk, a mechanism highly conserved in amniotes. We show that in the former two structures, distinct subsets of Hoxd genes are contacted by different lineage-specific enhancers, likely as a result of using an ancestral chromatin topology as an evolutionary playground, whereas the regulations implemented in the mouse and chicken embryonic trunk partially rely on conserved CREs. Nevertheless, a high proportion of these non-coding sequences active in the trunk appear to have functionally diverged between the two species, suggesting that transcriptional robustness is maintained despite a considerable divergence in CREs sequence, an observation supported by a genome-wide comparative approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hintermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerreiro, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolt, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.12.456039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DEVELOPMENTAL AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A HOXD REGULATORY LANDSCAPE IN MAMMALS AND BIRDS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequential in-cis mutagenesis in vivo reveals various functions for CTCF sites at the mouse HoxD cluster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian Hox gene clusters contain a range of CTCF binding sites. In addition to their importance in organizing a TAD border, which isolates the most posterior genes from the rest of the cluster, the positions and orientations of these sites suggest that CTCF may be instrumental in the selection of various subsets of contiguous genes, which are targets of distinct remote enhancers located in the flanking regulatory landscapes. We examined this possibility by producing an allelic series of cumulative in-cis mutations in these sites, up to the abrogation of CTCF binding in the five sites located on one side of the TAD border. In the most impactful alleles, the global chromatin architecture of the locus was modified, yet not drastically, illustrating that CTCF sites located on one side of a strong TAD border are sufficient to organize at least part of this insulation. Spatial colinearity in the expression of these genes along the major body axis was nevertheless maintained, despite abnormal expression boundaries. In contrast, strong effects were scored in the selection of target genes responding to particular enhancers, leading to the mis-regulation of Hoxd genes in specific structures. Altogether, while most enhancer-promoter interactions can occur in the absence of this series of CTCF sites, it seems that the binding of CTCF in the Hox cluster is required to properly transform a rather unprecise process into a highly discriminative mechanism of interactions, which is translated into various patterns of transcription accompanied by the distinctive chromatin topology found at this locus. Our allelic series also allowed us to reveal the distinct functional contributions for CTCF sites within this Hox cluster, some acting as insulator elements, others being necessary to anchor or stabilize enhancer-promoter interactions and some doing both, whereas all together contribute to the formation of a TAD border. This variety of tasks may explain the amazing evolutionary conservation in the distribution of these sites amongst paralogous Hox clusters or between various vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lhopitallier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zakany, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.13.456193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequential in-cis mutagenesis in vivo reveals various functions for CTCF sites at the mouse HoxD cluster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The temporal dynamics of the Stroop effect from childhood to young and older adulthood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is well admitted that children and older adults tend to show longer response latencies at the Stroop task than young adults. The present study aims at clarifying the rational of such changes from childhood to adulthood and in ageing by comparing the impacted cognitive processes across age groups. More precisely, the aim was to clarify if all processes take more time to be executed, hence implying that longer latencies rely mainly on processing speed or if an additional process lengthens the resolution of the conflict in children and/or older adults. To this aim we recorded brain electrical activity using EEG in school-age children, young and older adults while they performed a classic verbal Stroop task. To decompose the signal in the underlying brain networks, we used microstates analyses and compared congruent, incongruent and neutral trials across the three age-groups. Behaviorally, children and older adults presented longer latencies and larger Stroop effects relative to young adults. The microstates results showed that children tend to present different brain configurations compared to both adult groups, even though some brain configurations remained identical among the three groups. In particular, additional brain networks were involved in children to perform the Stroop task, which party account for the longer latencies in this group. By contrast, in aging the results favor the general slowing hypothesis rather than a decline in a specific process since all involved brain networks were similar in the two adult groups but slowed down in the older one.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Menetre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laganaro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.13.456209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The temporal dynamics of the Stroop effect from childhood to young and older adulthood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An ancient dental signalling centre supports homology of an enamel knot in sharks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Development of tooth cusps is regulated by the enamel knot signalling centre. Fgf signalling regulates differential proliferation between the enamel knot and adjacent dental epithelia during tooth development, leading to formation of the dental cusp. The presence of an enamel knot in non-mammalian vertebrates is debated given differences in signalling. Here we show the conservation and restriction of fgf10 and fgf3 to the sites of future dental cusps in the shark (Scyliorhinus canicula), whilst also highlighting striking differences between the shark and mouse. We reveal shifts in tooth size, shape and cusp number following small molecule perturbations of canonical Wnt signalling. Resulting tooth phenotypes mirror observed effects in mammals, where canonical Wnt has been implicated as an upstream regulator of enamel knot signalling. In silico modelling of shark dental morphogenesis demonstrates how subtle changes in activatory and inhibitory signals can alter tooth shape, resembling phenotypes observed following experimental Wnt perturbation. Our results support the functional conservation of an enamel knot-like signalling centre throughout vertebrates and suggest that varied tooth types from sharks to mammals follow a similar developmental bauplan. Lineage-specific differences in signalling are not sufficient in refuting homology of this signalling centre, which is likely older than teeth themselves.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thiery, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Standing, A. S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.13.456270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An ancient dental signalling centre supports homology of an enamel knot in sharks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbial loop of Proterozoic ocean analogue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meromictic Lake Cadagno, an ancient ocean analogue, is known for its permanent stratification and persistent anoxygenic microbial bloom within the chemocline. Although the anaerobic microbial ecology of the lake has been extensively studied for at least 25 years, a comprehensive picture of the microbial food web linking the bacterial layer to phytoplankton and viruses, with explicit measures of primary and secondary production, is still missing. This study sought to better understand the abundances and productivity of microbes in the context of nutrient biogeochemical cycling across the stratified zones of Lake Cadagno. Photosynthetic pigments and chloroplast 16S rRNA gene phylogenies suggested the presence of eukaryotic phytoplankton through the water column. Evidence supported high abundances of Ankyra judayi, a high-alpine adapted chlorophyte, in the oxic mixolimnion where oxygenic-primary production peaked. Through the no- and low-oxygen chemocline and monimolimnion, chlorophytes related to Closteriopsis acicularis, a known genus of meromictic lakes, and Parachlorella kessleri were observed. Chromatium, anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria, dominated the chemocline along with Lentimicrobium, a genus of known fermenters whose abundance was newly reported in Lake Cadagno. Secondary production peaked in the chemocline suggesting primary producers depend on hetrotrophs for nutrient remineralization. As previously observed, sulfur reducing bacteria (SRBs), especially Desulfocapsa and Desulfobulbus, were present in the chemocline and anoxic monimolimnion. Virus-to-microbe ratios (VMR) peaked in the zone of phytoplankton, yet were at a minimum at the peak of Chromatium. These dynamic trends suggest viruses may play a role in the modulation of oxygenic and anoxygenic photo- and chemosynthesis in Lake Cadagno and other permanently stratified systems.

ImportanceAs a window to the past, the study offers insights into the role of microbial guilds of Proterozoic ocean chemoclines in the production and recycling of organic matter of sulfur- and ammonia-containing ancient oceans. The new observations described here suggest that eukaryotic algae were persistent in the low oxygen upper-chemocline in association with purple and green sulfur bacteria in the lower half of the chemocline. Further, this study provides the first insights into Lake Cadagno viral ecology. High viral abundances suggested viruses may be essential components of the chemocline where their activity may result in the release and recycling of organic matter. The framework developed in this study through the integration of diverse geochemical and biological data types lays the foundation for future studies to quantitatively resolve the processes performed by discrete populations comprising the microbial loop in this early anoxic ocean analogue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saini, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cable, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fourquez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danza, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonolla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storelli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duhaime, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.17.456685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbial loop of Proterozoic ocean analogue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.454332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of membrane scission in yeast endocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.454332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a flat plasma membrane is shaped into an invagination that undergoes scission to form a vesicle. In mammalian cells, the force that drives the transition from invagination to vesicle is primarily provided by the GTPase dynamin that acts in concert with crescent-shaped BAR domain proteins. In yeast cells, the mechanism of endocytic scission is unclear. The yeast BAR domain protein complex Rvs161/167 (Rvs) nevertheless plays an important role in this process: deletion of Rvs dramatically reduces scission efficiency. A mechanistic understanding of the influence of Rvs on scission however, remains incomplete. We used quantitative live-cell imaging and genetic manipulation to understand the recruitment and function of Rvs and other late-stage proteins at yeast endocytic sites. We found that arrival of Rvs at endocytic sites is timed by interaction of its BAR domain with specific membrane curvature. A second domain of Rvs167- the SH3 domain-affects localization efficiency of Rvs. We show that Myo3, one of the two type-I myosins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has a role in recruiting Rvs167 via the SH3 domain. Removal of the SH3 domain also affects assembly and disassembly of actin and impedes membrane invagination. Our results indicate that both BAR and SH3 domains are important for the role of Rvs as a regulator of scission. We tested other proteins implicated in vesicle formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and found that neither synaptojanins nor dynamin contribute directly to membrane scission. We propose that recruitment of Rvs BAR domains delays scission and allows invaginations to grow by stabilizing them. We also propose that vesicle formation is dependent on the force exerted by the actin network component of the endocytic machinery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Menon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.18.454332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of membrane scission in yeast endocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A small protein, derived from an alternative 53BP1 promoter transcript and expressed via translational reinitiation on an internal overlapping ORF, modulates proteasome activity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complexity of the metazoan proteome is significantly increased by the expression of small proteins (<100 aas) derived from smORFs within lncRNAs, uORFs, 3 UTRs and, more rarely, reading frames overlapping the CDS. These smORF encoded proteins (SEPs) can have diverse roles, ranging from the regulation of cellular physiological to essential developmental functions. We report the characterisation of a new member of this protein family, SEP53BP1, derived from a small internal ORF that overlaps the CDS that encodes 53BP1. Its expression is coupled to the utilisation of an alternative, cell-type specific, promoter coupled to translational reinitiation events mediated by a uORF in the alternative 5 TL of the mRNA. The uORF-mediated initiation at the internal AUG53BP1 is conserved in metazoan species ranging from human to zebrafish. As such, it couples SEP53BP1 expression to the integrated stress response (ISR). We demonstrate that one function of this protein is to interact with, and stimulate, the activity of the 26S proteasome. As such, it opens the door to new approaches in the treatment of clinical conditions that arise due to the accumulation of toxic intracellular protein aggregates
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Inchingolo, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamczewski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaquier-Gubler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.23.457304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A small protein, derived from an alternative 53BP1 promoter transcript and expressed via translational reinitiation on an internal overlapping ORF, modulates proteasome activity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.457921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The connecting cilium inner scaffold provides a structural foundation to maintain photoreceptor integrity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.457921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retinal degeneration is a leading cause of human blindness due to progressive loss of ciliated photoreceptors cells. While this degradation can be associated with cohesion defects of the microtubule-based connecting cilium (CC) structure, the underlying mechanism is not understood. Here, using expansion microscopy and electron microscopy, we reveal the molecular architecture of the CC and demonstrate that microtubules are linked together by a CC-inner scaffold (CC-IS) containing POC5, CENTRIN and FAM161A. Monitoring CC-IS assembly during photoreceptor development in mouse reveals that it acts as a structural zipper, progressively bridging microtubule doublets and straightening the CC. Consistently, Fam161a mutations lead to a specific CC-IS loss and trigger microtubule doublets spreading, prior to outer segment collapse and photoreceptor degeneration, providing a molecular mechanism for retinitis pigmentosa disease.

One Sentence SummaryThe connecting cilium inner scaffold acts as a structural zipper granting photoreceptor integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mercey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostic, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertiaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giroud, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arsenijevic, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.27.457921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The connecting cilium inner scaffold provides a structural foundation to maintain photoreceptor integrity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic analysis of lower leg muscles response to whole body vibration stimulation at different frequencies and postures: implications for training 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeTo characterise the mechanical and neuromuscular response of lower limb muscles in subjects undergoing Whole Body Vibration (WBV) at different frequencies while holding two static postures.

MethodsTwenty-five participants underwent WBV at 15, 20, 25 and 30 Hz while holding a static  hack squat and on  fore feet posture. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and soft tissue accelerations were collected from Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL), Soleus (SOL) and Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscles.

ResultsOnly specific WBV settings led to a significant increase in muscle contraction. Specifically, the WBV-induced activation of SOL and GL was maximal in fore-feet and in response to higher frequencies. Estimated displacement at muscle bellies revealed a resonant pattern never highlighted before. After stimulation starts, muscle oscillation reaches a peak followed by a drop and a further stabilisation (few seconds after the peak) that suggests the occurrence of a neuromuscular activation to reduce the vibration-induced oscillation.

ConclusionLower leg muscles need a response time to tune to a vibratory stimulation, which discourages the use of dynamic exercises on vibrating platforms. To maximize calf muscle response to WBVs, a stimulation frequency in the range of 25-30 Hz and an  on fore feet posture are recommended.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rigoni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonci, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bifulco, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fratini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.31.458312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic analysis of lower leg muscles response to whole body vibration stimulation at different frequencies and postures: implications for training]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrative approach to mosquito dynamics reveals differences in people's everyday experiences of mosquitoes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIUrban environments are heterogeneous landscapes of social and environmental features, with important consequences for human-nature entanglements, such as that of mosquito-borne disease.
C_LIO_LIInvestigations into this intra-urban heterogeneity in mosquito dynamics find conflicting results, likely due to the complex socio-ecological interactions and the importance of place-based context. Integrative research, which synthesizes multiple disciplines and epistemologies, can help place ecological results into their social context to explore these place-based differences.
C_LIO_LIHere, we develop an integrative approach to understanding spatial patterns of mosquito burdens in urban systems by combining entomological surveys, semi-structured interviews, and sketch maps.
C_LIO_LIAlthough we found no evidence for a difference in mosquito abundance across an urban gradient, there were differences in individuals everyday experiences with mosquitoes. These differences were mediated by how individuals moved through public space and their vulnerability to hazards in these spaces.
C_LIO_LIThis example of integrative research illustrates what can be gained from the inclusion of multiple epistemologies, particularly for research in socio-ecological systems.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Evans, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatnagar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murdock, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.06.459057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrative approach to mosquito dynamics reveals differences in people's everyday experiences of mosquitoes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase-amplitude coupling and phase synchronization between medial temporal, frontal and posterior brain regions support episodic autobiographical memory recall 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Episodic autobiographical memory (EAM) is a complex cognitive function that emerges from the coordination of specific and distant brain regions. Specific brain rhythms, namely theta and gamma oscillations and their synchronization, are thought of as putative mechanisms enabling EAM. Yet, the mechanisms of inter-regional interaction in the EAM network remain unclear in humans at the whole brain level. To investigate this, we analyzed EEG recordings of participants instructed to retrieve autobiographical episodes. EEG recordings were projected in the source space, and time-courses of atlas-based brain regions-of-interest (ROIs) were derived. Directed phase synchrony in high theta (7-10 Hz) and gamma (30-80 Hz) bands and high theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling were computed between each pair of ROIs. Using network-based statistics, a graph-theory method, we found statistically significant networks for each investigated mechanism. In the gamma band, two sub-networks were found, one between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and another within the medial frontal areas. In the high theta band, we found a PCC to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) network. In phase-amplitude coupling, we found the high theta phase of the left MTL biasing the gamma amplitude of posterior regions and the vmPFC. Other regions of the temporal lobe and the insula were also phase biasing the vmPFC. These findings suggest that EAM, rather than emerging from a single mechanism at a single frequency, involves precise spatio-temporal signatures mapping on distinct memory processes. We propose that the MTL orchestrates activity in vmPFC and PCC via precise phase-amplitude coupling, with vmPFC and PCC interaction via high theta phase synchrony and gamma synchronization contributing to bind information within the PCC-MTL sub-network or valuate the candidate memory within the medial frontal sub-network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roehri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bréchet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascual-Leone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.06.459104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase-amplitude coupling and phase synchronization between medial temporal, frontal and posterior brain regions support episodic autobiographical memory recall]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459105v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxytocin neurons mediates the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459105v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social interaction during adolescence strongly influences brain function and behaviour, and the recent pandemic has emphasized the devastating effect of social distancing on mental health. While accumulating evidences have shown the importance of the reward system in encoding specific aspects of social interaction, the consequences of social isolation on the reward system and the development of social skills later in adulthood are still largely unknown. Here, we found that one week of social isolation during adolescence in mice increased social interaction at the expense of social habituation and social novelty preference. Behavioural changes were accompanied by the acute hyperexcitability of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral segmental area (VTA) and long-lasting expression of GluA2-lacking AMPARs at excitatory inputs onto DA neurons that project to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Social isolation-dependent behavioural deficits and changes in neural activity and synaptic plasticity were reversed by chemogenetic inhibition of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate that social isolation has acute and long-lasting effects on social interaction and suggest that these effects are mediated by homeostatic adaptations within the reward circuit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Musardo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contestabile, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mairesse, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baud, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.06.459105</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxytocin neurons mediates the effect of social isolation via the VTA circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.455288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation and diversification of recombinant monoclonal antibodies for studying mitosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.455288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibodies are indispensable tools used for a large number of applications in both foundational and translational bioscience research; however, there are drawbacks to using traditional antibodies generated in animals. These include a lack of standardization leading to problems with reproducibility, high costs of antibodies purchased from commercial sources, and ethical concerns regarding the large number of animals used to generate antibodies. To address these issues, we have developed practical methodologies and tools for generating low-cost, high-yield preparations of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments directed to protein epitopes from primary sequences. We describe these methods here, as well as approaches to diversify monoclonal antibodies, including customization of antibody species specificity, generation of genetically encoded small antibody fragments, and conversion of single chain antibody fragments (e.g. scFv) into full-length, bivalent antibodies. This study focuses on antibodies directed to epitopes important for mitotic cell division; however, the methods and reagents described here are applicable to antibodies and antibody fragments for use in any field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DeLuca, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mick, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodges, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lima, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaller, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stasevich, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varma, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorbsky, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeLuca, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.10.455288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation and diversification of recombinant monoclonal antibodies for studying mitosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.459419v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A liquid +TIP-network drives microtubule dynamics through tubulin condensation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.459419v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of microtubule dynamics is essential for diverse cellular functions, and proteins that bind to dynamic microtubule ends can regulate network dynamics. Here we show that two conserved microtubule end-binding proteins, CLIP-170 and EB3, undergo phase separation and form dense liquid-networks. When CLIP-170 and EB3 act together the multivalency of the network increases, which synergistically increases the amount of protein in the dense phase. In vitro and in cells these liquid networks can condense tubulin. In vitro in the presence of microtubules, EB3/CLIP-170 phase separation can co-condense tubulin all along the microtubule. At this condition microtubule growth speed increases up to two-fold and depolymerization events are strongly reduced, compared to conditions with phase separation deficient networks. Our data show that phase separated EB3/CLIP-170 networks impact microtubule growth dynamics beyond direct protein-microtubule interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miesch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wimbish, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velluz, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.13.459419</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A liquid +TIP-network drives microtubule dynamics through tubulin condensation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis harbours endosymbiotic bacteria with a highly reduce genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) are symbionts of most plant species that are known to possess unique intracytoplasmic endosymbiotic bacteria with an enigmatic role. Candidatus Moeniiplasma glomeromycotorum (CaMg) was shown to be widespread along the AMF phylogeny and present in most AMF species and isolates of those species. The model AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis, that can be cultivated in vitro and for which a lot of genomic information now exists, would be the ideal model to study the true nature of the CaMg-AMF symbiosis. However, R. irregularis was never found to host endobacteria. Here we show by DNA sequencing that R. irregularis can, indeed, host CaMg (Ri-CaMg). However, this appears rare as only one R. irregularis isolate out of 58 hosted CaMg. In that isolate, the endosymbiotic bacterial population was genetically homogenous. By sequencing the complete genome of the bacteria, we found that its genome is among the smallest of all known CaMg and Mycoplasma-like genomes, with a highly reduced gene repertoire, suggesting a strong adaptation to the intracellular life. We discuss our findings in the light of previous literature on CaMg and on the same AMF isolates and suggest that these endosymbionts are more likely parasites than non-obligatory mutualists.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Savary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masclaux, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.13.460061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis harbours endosymbiotic bacteria with a highly reduce genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Origin, specification and differentiation of a rare supporting-like lineage in the developing mouse gonad 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gonadal sex determination represents a unique model for studying cell fate decisions. However, a complete understanding of the different cell lineages forming the developing testis and ovary remains elusive. Here, we investigated the origin, specification and subsequent sex-specific differentiation of a previously uncharacterized population of supporting-like cells (SLC) in the developing mouse gonads. The SLC lineage is closely related to the coelomic epithelium and specified as early as E10.5, making it the first somatic lineage to be specified in the bipotential gonad. SLC progenitors are localized within the genital ridge at the interface with the mesonephros and initially co-express Wnt4 and Sox9. SLCs become sexually dimorphic around E12.5, progressively acquire a Sertoli- or granulosa-like identity and contribute to the formation of the rete testis and rete ovarii. Finally, we found that WNT4 is a crucial regulator of the SLC lineage and is required for the formation of the rete testis.

TeaserDescription of an uncharacterized multipotent gonadal cell lineage involved in testis and ovary development
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mayere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regard, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perea-Gomez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bunce, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neirijnck, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djari, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sararols, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeves, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenaway, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siggers, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Condrea, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kühne, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevant, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghyselinck, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenfield, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaboissier, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.15.460431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Origin, specification and differentiation of a rare supporting-like lineage in the developing mouse gonad]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-order functional interactions in ageing explained via alterations in the connectome in a whole-brain model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain generates a rich repertoire of spatio-temporal activity patterns, which support a wide variety of motor and cognitive functions. These patterns of activity change with age in a multi-factorial manner. One of these factors is the variations in the brains connectomics that occurs along the lifespan. However, the precise relationship between high-order functional interactions and connnectomics, as well as their variations with age are largely unknown, in part due to the absence of mechanistic models that can efficiently map brain connnectomics to functional connectivity in aging. To investigate this issue, we have built a neurobiologically-realistic whole-brain computational model using both anatomical and functional MRI data from 161 participants ranging from 10 to 80 years old. We show that the age differences in high-order functional interactions can be largely explained by variations in the connectome. Based on this finding, we propose a simple neurodegeneration model that is representative of normal physiological aging. As such, when applied to connectomes of young participant it reproduces the age-variations that occur in the high-order structure of the functional data. Overall, these results begin to disentangle the mechanisms by which structural changes in the connectome lead to functional differences in the ageing brain. Our model can also serve as a starting point for modelling more complex forms of pathological ageing or cognitive deficits.

Author summaryModern neuroimaging techniques allow us to study how the human brains anatomical architecture (a.k.a. structural connectome) changes under different conditions or interventions. Recently, using functional neuroimaging data, we have shown that complex patterns of interactions between brain areas change along the lifespan, exhibiting increased redundant interactions in the older population. However, the mechanisms that underlie these functional differences are still unclear. Here, we extended this work and hypothesized that the variations of functional patterns can be explained by the dynamics of the brains anatomical networks, which are known to degenerate as we age. To test this hypothesis, we implemented a whole-brain model of neuronal activity, where different brain regions are anatomically wired using real connectomes from 161 participants with ages ranging from 10 to 80 years old. Analyzing different functional aspects of brain activity when varying the empirical connectomes, we show that the increased redundancy found in the older group can indeed be explained by precise rules affecting anatomical connectivity, thus emphasizing the critical role that the brain connectome plays for shaping complex functional interactions and the efficiency in the global communication of the human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gatica, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosas, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mediano, P. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swinnen, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cofre, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortes, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.15.460435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-order functional interactions in ageing explained via alterations in the connectome in a whole-brain model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural oscillation coupling selectively predicts speech reception in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Communication difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involve a speech reception deficit, whose biological causes are not yet identified. This deficit could denote atypical neuronal ensemble activity, as reflected by neural oscillations. Atypical cross-frequency oscillation coupling in particular could disrupt the possibility to jointly track and predict dynamic acoustic stimuli, a dual process that is essential for speech comprehension. Whether such oscillation anomalies can already be found in very young children with ASD, and with what specificity they relate to individual language reception capacity is unknown. In this study, neural activity was collected using EEG in 64 very young children with and without ASD (mean age 3) while they were exposed to naturalistic-continuous speech via an age-appropriate cartoon. EEG power typically associated with phrase-level chunking (delta, 1-3Hz), phonemic encoding (low-gamma, 25-35Hz) and top-down control (beta, 12-20Hz) was markedly reduced in ASD relative to typically developing (TD) children. Speech neural-tracking by delta and theta oscillations was also weaker in ASD than TD children. Critically, children with ASD exhibited slightly atypical theta/gamma coupling (PAC) involving a higher-than-normal gamma frequency, and markedly atypical beta/gamma PAC. Even though many oscillation features were atypical in our sample of 31 very young children with ASD, the beta/gamma coupling anomaly was the single best predictor of individual speech reception difficulties. These findings suggest that early interventions targeting the normalization of low-gamma and low-beta activity, might help young children with ASD to engage more in oral interactions.

HighlightsVery young children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder already present marked alterations of neural oscillatory activity in response to natural speech.

The hierarchical processing of phonemic- and syllabic-range information (theta/gamma coupling) is atypical in young ASD children.

Speech reception deficit in children with ASD is indexed by abnormal bottom-up (low-gamma) and top-down (low-beta) coordination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado Saa, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchesotti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperdin, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rihs, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.461214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural oscillation coupling selectively predicts speech reception in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repression of the Hox gene abd-A by ELAV-mediated Transcriptional Interference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intergenic transcription is a common feature of eukaryotic genomes and performs important and diverse cellular functions. Here, we investigate the iab-8 ncRNA from the Drosophila Bithorax Complex and show that this RNA is able to repress the transcription of genes located at its 3 end by a sequence-independent, transcriptional interference mechanism. Although this RNA is expressed in the early epidermis and CNS, we find that its repressive activity is limited to the CNS, where in wild-type embryos, it acts on the Hox gene, abd-A located immediately downstream of it. The CNS specificity is achieved through a 3 extension of the transcript, mediated by the neuronal-specific, RNA-binding protein, ELAV. Loss of ELAV activity eliminates the 3 extension and results in the ectopic activation of abd-A. Thus, a tissue-specific change in the length of a ncRNA is used to generate a precise pattern of gene expression in a higher eukaryote.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castro Alvarez, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Revel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleard, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeda, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.462302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repression of the Hox gene abd-A by ELAV-mediated Transcriptional Interference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia (EPAD) MRI Dataset and Processing Workflow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The European Prevention of Alzheimer Dementia (EPAD) is a multi-center study that aims to characterize the preclinical and prodromal stages of Alzheimers Disease. The EPAD imaging dataset includes core (3D T1w, 3D FLAIR) and advanced (ASL, diffusion MRI, and resting-state fMRI) MRI sequences.

Here, we give an overview of the semi-automatic multimodal and multisite pipeline that we developed to curate, preprocess, quality control (QC), and compute image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) from the EPAD MRI dataset. This pipeline harmonizes DICOM data structure across sites and performs standardized MRI preprocessing steps. A semi-automated MRI QC procedure was implemented to visualize and flag MRI images next to site-specific distributions of QC features -- i.e. metrics that represent image quality. The value of each of these QC features was evaluated through comparison with visual assessment and step-wise parameter selection based on logistic regression. IDPs were computed from 5 different MRI modalities and their sanity and potential clinical relevance were ascertained by assessing their relationship with biological markers of aging and dementia.

The EPAD v1500.0 data release encompassed core structural scans from 1356 participants 842 fMRI, 831 dMRI, and 858 ASL scans. From 1356 3D T1w images, we identified 17 images with poor quality and 61 with moderate quality. Five QC features -- Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR), Coefficient of Joint Variation (CJV), Foreground-Background energy Ratio (FBER), and Image Quality Rate (IQR) -- were selected as the most informative on image quality by comparison with visual assessment. The multimodal IDPs showed greater impairment in associations with age and dementia biomarkers, demonstrating the potential of the dataset for future clinical analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lorenzini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wink, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuijer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wottschel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dijsselhof, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinuevo, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gispert, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vos, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palombit, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetelat, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payoux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di perri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wardlaw, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frisoni, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritchie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pernet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkhof, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutsaerts, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.462349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia (EPAD) MRI Dataset and Processing Workflow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.30.462582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metacognition and the effect of incentive motivation in two compulsive disorders: gambling disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.30.462582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compulsivity is a common phenotype amongst various psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and gambling disorder (GD). Deficiencies in metacognition, such as the inability to properly estimate ones own performance via well-calibrated confidence judgments could contribute to pathological decision-making in these psychiatric disorders. Earlier research has indeed suggested that OCD and GD patients reside at opposite ends of the confidence spectrum, with OCD patients exhibiting underconfidence, and GD patients exhibiting overconfidence. Recently, several studies established that motivational states (e.g. monetary incentives) influence metacognition, with gain (respectively loss) prospects increasing (respectively decreasing) confidence judgments. Here, we reasoned that the OCD and GD symptomatology might correspond to an exacerbation of this interaction between metacognition and motivational states. We hypothesized GDs overconfidence to be exaggerated during gain prospects, while OCDs underconfidence to be worsened in loss context, which we expected to see represented in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity. We tested those hypotheses in a task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design. Our initial analyses showed increased confidence levels for GD versus OCD patients, that could partly be explained by sex and IQ. Although our primary analyses did not support the hypothesized interaction between incentives and groups, exploratory analyses did show increased confidence in GD patients specifically in gain context. fMRI analyses confirmed a central role for VMPFC in the processing of confidence and incentives, but with no differences between the clinical samples. The trial is registered in the Dutch Trial Register (Trial NL6171, registration number: NTR6318) (https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6171).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoven, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Boer, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goudriaan, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denys, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebreton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Holst, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luigjes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.30.462582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metacognition and the effect of incentive motivation in two compulsive disorders: gambling disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.462976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pantothenate biosynthesis is critical for chronic infection by the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.462976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential molecule acting in metabolism, post-translational modification, and regulation of gene expression. While all organisms synthesize CoA, many, including humans, are unable to produce its precursor, pantothenate. Intriguingly, like most plants, fungi and bacteria, parasites of the coccidian subgroup of Apicomplexa, including the human and animal pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, possess all the enzymes required for de novo synthesis of pantothenate. Here, the importance of CoA and pantothenate biosynthesis for the acute and chronic stages of T. gondii infection was dissected through genetic, biochemical and metabolomic approaches, revealing that CoA synthesis is essential for T. gondii tachyzoites, due to the parasites inability to salvage CoA or intermediates of the pathway. In contrast, de novo pantothenate synthesis was only partially active in T. gondii tachyzoites, making the parasite reliant on Pan uptake. However, Pan synthesis proved to be crucial for the establishment of chronic infection, offering a promising target for intervention against the persistent stage of T. gondii.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lunghi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloehn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varesio, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.04.462976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pantothenate biosynthesis is critical for chronic infection by the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463150v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell profiling in COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury reveals patterns of tubule injury and repair in human 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463150v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cellular mechanisms of kidney tubule repair are poorly characterized in human. Here, we applied single-nucleus RNA sequencing to analyze the kidney in the first days after acute injury in 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19. We identified abnormal proximal tubule cell states associated with injury, characterized by altered functional and metabolic profiles and by pro-fibrotic properties. Tubule repair involved the plasticity of mature tubule cells in a process of cell de-differentiation and re-differentiation, which displayed substantial similarities between mouse and man. In addition, in man we identified a peculiar tubule reparative response determining the expansion of progenitor-like cells marked by PROM1 and following a differentiation program characterized by the sequential activation of the WNT, NOTCH and HIPPO signaling pathways. Taken together, our analyses reveal cell state transitions and fundamental cellular hierarchies underlying kidney injury and repair in critically ill patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Legouis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinaldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnoux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verissimo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scotti-Gerber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faivre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schibler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinaldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naesens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koppitch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pugin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moll, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Seigneux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cippa, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.05.463150</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell profiling in COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury reveals patterns of tubule injury and repair in human]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SFI1 and centrin form a distal end complex critical for proper centriole architecture and ciliogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the course of evolution, the function of the centrosome has been conserved in most eukaryotes, but its core architecture has evolved differently in some clades, as illustrated by the presence of centrioles in humans and a spindle pole body in yeast (SPB). Consistently, the composition of these two core elements has diverged greatly, with the exception of centrin, a protein known to form a complex with Sfi1 in yeast to structurally initiate SPB duplication. Even though SFI1 has been localized to human centrosomes, whether this complex exists at centrioles and whether its function has been conserved is still unclear. Here, using conventional fluorescence and super-resolution microscopies, we demonstrate that human SFI1 is a bona fide centriolar protein localizing to the very distal end of the centriole, where it associates with a pool of distal centrin. We also found that both proteins are recruited early during procentriole assembly and that depletion of SFI1 results in the specific loss of the distal pool of centrin, without altering centriole duplication in human cells, in contrast to its function for SPB. Instead, we found that SFI1/centrin complexes are essential for correct centriolar architecture as well as for ciliogenesis. We propose that SFI1/centrin complexes may guide centriole growth to ensure centriole integrity and function as a basal body.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bouhlel, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertiaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giroud, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azimzadeh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borneans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paoletti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, v.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.05.463184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SFI1 and centrin form a distal end complex critical for proper centriole architecture and ciliogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.06.462766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimizing the live attenuated influenza A vaccine backbone for high-risk patient groups 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.06.462766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is approved for intranasal spray application in 2-49 year-old patients with safety concerns limiting its use in younger children and immunocompromised patients, mainly from the higher incidence of adverse events and the possibility of uncontrolled replication and reversion to a pathogenic strain, respectively. Further attenuation of the LAIV could generally improve its safety profile, which might come at the cost of reduced immunogenicity. To solve this dilemma, we took advantage of a recently defined mechanism of ER stress induction by modifying IAV non-structural protein 1 (NS1). The modified LAIV (AAmut/PR8) showed stronger ER stress activation in vitro and replicated to lower titers in vivo compared to its parental strain, without affecting protection against homo-subtypic or hetero-subtypic IAV strains. AAmut/PR8 could pose as a suitable strategy to attend the gap to the current LAIV recommendation guidelines in susceptible target populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonifacio, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garnier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugues, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmolke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazel-Sanchez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.06.462766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimizing the live attenuated influenza A vaccine backbone for high-risk patient groups]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Islet transplantation tolerance in animals with defined histocompatibility and diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in organ transplantation benefit from development of genetically inbred animal strains with defined histocompatibility and cell-specific markers to distinguish donor and host cell subsets. For studies of pancreatic islet transplantation tolerance in diabetes, an invariant method to ablate host {beta} cells and induce diabetes would provide an immense additional advantage. Here we detail development and use of B6 RIP-DTR mice, an immunocompetent line permitting diabetes induction with 100% penetrance. This inbred line is homozygous for the C57BL/6J major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype and expresses the mutant CD45.1 allele in the hematopoietic lineage. {beta} cell-specific expression of a high-affinity receptor for diphtheria toxin (DT) permits experimental {beta} cell ablation and diabetes induction after DT administration. Diabetes reversal for over one year was achieved after transplantation with congenic C57BL/6J islets, but not with MHC-mismatched BALB/c islets, which were rapidly rejected. In summary, the generation of a C57BL/6J congenic line harboring the CD45.1 allele and Ins2-HBEGF transgene should advance studies of islet transplantation tolerance and mechanisms to improve islet engraftment and function, thereby optimizing development of cell replacement strategies for diabetes mellitus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhagchandani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghila, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.08.463702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Islet transplantation tolerance in animals with defined histocompatibility and diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.463947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Superresolution microscopy reveals partial preassembly and subsequent bending of the clathrin coat during endocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.463947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic cells use clathrin-mediated endocytosis to take up a large range of extracellular cargos. During endocytosis, a clathrin coat forms on the plasma membrane, but it remains controversial when and how it is remodeled into a spherical vesicle.

Here, we use 3D superresolution microscopy to determine the precise geometry of the clathrin coat at large numbers of endocytic sites. Through pseudo-temporal sorting, we determine the average trajectory of clathrin remodeling during endocytosis. We find that clathrin coats assemble first on flat membranes to 50% of the coat area, before they become rapidly and continuously bent, and confirm this mechanism in three cell lines. We introduce the cooperative curvature model, which is based on positive feedback for curvature generation. It accurately describes the measured shapes and dynamics of the clathrin coat and could represent a general mechanism for clathrin coat remodeling on the plasma membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mund, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tschanz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frey, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehl, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avinoam, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, U. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.12.463947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Superresolution microscopy reveals partial preassembly and subsequent bending of the clathrin coat during endocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of TRPV4 rescues circuit and social deficits unmasked by acute inflammatory response in a Shank3 mouse model of Autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by social deficits and repetitive behaviors. The high heterogeneity of the disease may be explained by gene and environmental interactions and potential risk factors include immune dysfunctions and immune-mediated co-morbidities. Mutations in the SHANK3 gene have been recognized as a genetic risk factor for ASD. While heterozygous SHANK3 mutations are usually the types of mutations associated with idiopathic autism in patients, heterozygous deletion of Shank3 gene in mice does not commonly induce ASD-related behavioural deficit. Here, we used in-vivo and ex-vivo approaches to demonstrate that region-specific neonatal downregulation of Shank3 in the NAc promotes D1R-MSN hyperexcitability and upregulates Trpv4 to impair social behaviour. Interestingly, genetically vulnerable Shank3+/- mice, when challenged with Lipopolysaccharide to induce inflammatory response, showed similar circuit and behavioural alterations that were rescued by acute Trpv4 inhibition. Altogether our data demonstrate shared molecular and circuit mechanisms between ASD-relevant genetic alterations and environmental insults, which ultimately lead to sociability dysfunctions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tzanoulinou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musardo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contestabile, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bariselli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casarotto, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magrinelli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of TRPV4 rescues circuit and social deficits unmasked by acute inflammatory response in a Shank3 mouse model of Autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial, phytoplankton, and viral dynamics of meromictic Lake Cadagno offer insights into the Proterozoic ocean microbial loop 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lake Cadagno, a permanently stratified high-alpine lake with a persistent microbial bloom in its anoxic chemocline, has long been considered a model for the low-oxygen, high-sulfide Proterozoic ocean where early microbial life gave rise to Earths oxygenated atmosphere. Although the lake has been studied for over 25 years, the absence of concerted study of the bacteria, phytoplankton, and viruses, together with primary and secondary production, has hindered a comprehensive understanding of its microbial food web. Here, the identities, abundances, and productivity of microbes were evaluated in the context of Lake Cadagno biogeochemistry. Photo-synthetic pigments and chloroplast 16S rRNA gene phylogenies suggested high abundances of eukaryotic phytoplankton, primarily Chlorophyta, through the water column. Of these, a close relative of Ankyra judayi, a high-alpine adapted chlorophyte, peaked with oxygen in the mixolimnion, while Closteriopsis-related chlorophytes peaked in the chemocline and monimolimnion. Anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria, Chromatium, dominated the chemocline along with Lentimicrobium, a newly observed genus of known fermenters. Secondary production peaked in the chemocline, suggesting anoxygenic primary producers depended on heterotrophic nutrient remineralization. Virus-to-microbe ratios spanned an order of magnitude, peaking with high phytoplankton abundances and at a minimum at the peak of Chromatium, dynamic trends that suggest viruses may play a role in the modulation of oxygenic and anoxygenic photo- and chemosynthesis in Lake Cadagno. Through the combined analysis of bacterial, eukaryotic, viral, and biogeochemical dynamics of Lake Cadagno, this study provides a new perspective on the biological and geochemical connections that comprised the food webs of the Proterozoic ocean.

IMPORTANCEAs a window to the past, the study offers insights into the role of microbial guilds of Proterozoic ocean chemoclines in the production and recycling of organic matter of sulfur- and ammonia-containing ancient oceans. The new observations described here suggest that eukaryotic algae were persistent in the low oxygen upper-chemocline in association with purple and green sulfur bacteria in the lower half of the chemocline. Further, this study provides the first insights into Lake Cadagno viral ecology. High viral abundances suggested viruses may be essential components of the chemocline where their activity may result in the release and recycling of organic matter. The framework developed in this study through the integration of diverse geochemical and biological data types lays the foundation for future studies to quantitatively resolve the processes performed by discrete populations comprising the microbial loop in this early anoxic ocean analogue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saini, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cable, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fourquez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danza, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonolla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storelli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duhaime, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial, phytoplankton, and viral dynamics of meromictic Lake Cadagno offer insights into the Proterozoic ocean microbial loop]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dysfunctional temporal stages of eye-gaze perception in adults with ADHD: a high-density EEG study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464365v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ADHD have been associated with social cognitive impairments across the lifespan, but no studies have specifically addressed the presence of abnormalities in eye-gaze processing in the adult brain.

This study investigated the neural basis of eye-gaze perception in adults with ADHD using event-related potentials (ERP). Twenty-three ADHD and 23 controls performed a delayed face-matching task with neutral faces that had either direct or averted gaze. ERPs were classified using microstate analyses.

ADHD and controls displayed similar P100 and N170 microstates. ADHD was associated with cluster abnormalities in the attention-sensitive P200 to direct gaze, and in the N250 related to facial recognition. For direct gaze, source localization revealed reduced activity in ADHD for the P200 in the left/midline cerebellum, as well as in a cingulate-occipital network at the N250. These results suggest brain impairments involving eye-gaze decoding in adults with ADHD, suggesting that neural deficits persist across the lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mauriello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piguet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubry, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perroud, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berchio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.14.464365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dysfunctional temporal stages of eye-gaze perception in adults with ADHD: a high-density EEG study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464399v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BBX proteins promote HY5-mediated UVR8 signaling in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464399v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants undergo photomorphogenic development in the presence of light. Photomorphogenesis is repressed by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), which binds substrates through their valine-proline (VP) motifs. The UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) photoreceptor senses UV-B and inhibits COP1 through cooperative binding of its own VP motif mimicry and its photosensing core to COP1, thereby preventing COP1 binding to substrates, including the bZIP transcriptional regulator ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). As a key promoter of visible light and UV-B photomorphogenesis, HY5 functions together with the B-box family transcription factors BBX20-22 that were recently described as HY5 rate-limiting coactivators under red light. Here we describe a hypermorphic bbx21-3D mutant with enhanced photomorphogenesis, which carries a proline-314 to leucine mutation in the VP motif that impairs interaction with and regulation through COP1. We show that BBX21 and BBX22 are UVR8-dependently stabilized after UV-B exposure, which is counteracted by a repressor induced by HY5/BBX activity. bbx20 bbx21 bbx22 mutants under UV-B are impaired in hypocotyl growth inhibition, photoprotective pigment accumulation, and expression of several HY5-dependent genes. We conclude that BBX20-22 importantly contribute to HY5 activity in a subset of UV-B responses, but that additional, presently unknown coactivators for HY5 are functional in early UVR8 signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Podolec, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagnon, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonardelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.14.464399</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BBX proteins promote HY5-mediated UVR8 signaling in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In situ architecture of the ciliary base reveals the stepwise assembly of IFT trains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cilium is an antenna-like organelle that performs numerous cellular functions, including motility, sensing, and signaling. The base of the cilium contains a selective barrier that regulates the entry of large intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains, which carry cargo proteins required for ciliary assembly and maintenance. However, the native architecture of the ciliary base and the process of IFT train assembly remain unresolved. Here, we use in situ cryo-electron tomography to reveal native structures of the transition zone region and assembling IFT trains at the ciliary base. We combine this direct cellular visualization with ultrastructure expansion microscopy to describe the front-to-back stepwise assembly of IFT trains: IFT-B forms the backbone, onto which IFT-A, then dynein-1b, and finally kinesin-2 sequentially bind before entry into the cilium.

One Sentence SummaryNative molecular structure of the ciliary transition zone and hierarchical order of IFT assembly visualized within Chlamydomonas cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van den Hoek, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klena, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez Viar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdmann, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plitzko, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumeister, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pigino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.17.464685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In situ architecture of the ciliary base reveals the stepwise assembly of IFT trains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464715v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular atlas of the human brain vasculature at the single-cell level 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464715v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A broad range of brain pathologies critically relies on the vasculature, and cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. However, the cellular and molecular architecture of the human brain vasculature remains poorly understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 599,215 freshly isolated endothelial, perivascular and other tissue-derived cells from 47 fetuses and adult patients to construct a molecular atlas of the developing fetal, adult control and diseased human brain vasculature. We uncover extensive molecular heterogeneity of healthy fetal and adult human brains and across eight vascular-dependent CNS pathologies including brain tumors and brain vascular malformations. We identify alteration of arteriovenous differentiation and reactivated fetal as well as conserved dysregulated pathways in the diseased vasculature. Pathological endothelial cells display a loss of CNS-specific properties and reveal an upregulation of MHC class II molecules, indicating atypical features of CNS endothelial cells. Cell-cell interaction analyses predict numerous endothelial-to-perivascular cell ligand-receptor crosstalk including immune-related and angiogenic pathways, thereby unraveling a central role for the endothelium within brain neurovascular unit signaling networks. Our single-cell brain atlas provides insight into the molecular architecture and heterogeneity of the developing, adult/control and diseased human brain vasculature and serves as a powerful reference for future studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wälchli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghobrial, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwab, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takada, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suntharalingham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vetiska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues Rodrigues, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehrauer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisschop, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnhammer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketela, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kongkham, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmeliet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valiante, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dirks, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suva, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zadeh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlapbach, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Bock, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fish, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monnier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bader, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radovanovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.18.464715</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular atlas of the human brain vasculature at the single-cell level]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arnold tongue entrainment reveals dynamicalprinciples of the embryonic segmentation clock 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465101v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Living systems exhibit an unmatched complexity, due to countless, entangled interactions across scales. Here we aim to understand a complex system, i.e. segmentation timing in mouse embryos, without a reference to these detailed interactions. To this end, we develop a coarse-grained approach, in which theory guides the experimental identification of the segmentation clock entrainment responses.

We demonstrate period- and phase-locking of the segmentation clock across a wide range of entrainment parameters, including higher-order coupling. These quantifications allow to derive the phase response curve (PRC) and Arnold tongues of the segmentation clock, revealing its essential dynamical properties. Our results indicate that the somite segmentation clock has characteristics reminiscent of a highly non-linear oscillator close to an infinite period bifurcation and suggests the presence of long-term feedbacks.

Combined, this coarse-grained theoretical-experimental approach reveals how we can derive simple, essential features of a highly complex dynamical system, providing precise experimental control over the pace and rhythm of the somite segmentation clock.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, P. G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mochulska, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauffette Denis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moenke, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomita, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuchida-Straeten, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonnen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francois, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aulehla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.20.465101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arnold tongue entrainment reveals dynamicalprinciples of the embryonic segmentation clock]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.22.465492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal confidence for unaware visuomotor deviations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.22.465492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous studies have shown that humans can successfully correct deviations to ongoing movements without being aware of them, suggesting limited conscious monitoring of visuomotor performance. Here, we ask whether such limited monitoring impairs the capacity to judiciously place confidence ratings to reflect decision accuracy (metacognitive sensitivity). To this end, we recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging data while thirty-one participants reported visuomotor cursor deviations and rated their confidence retrospectively. We show that participants use a summary statistic of the unfolding visual feedback (the maximum cursor error) to detect deviations but that this information alone is insufficient to explain detection performance. The same summary statistics is used by participants to optimally adjust their confidence ratings, even for unaware deviations. At the neural level, activity in the ventral striatum tracked high confidence, whereas a broad network including the anterior prefrontal cortex encoded cursor error but not confidence, shedding new light on a role of the anterior prefrontal cortex for action monitoring rather than confidence. Together, our results challenge the notion of limited action monitoring and uncover a new mechanism by which humans optimally monitor their movements as they unfold, even when unaware of ongoing deviations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pereira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skiba, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cojan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begue, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.22.465492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal confidence for unaware visuomotor deviations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.23.465572v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tsetse RNA Virome: Novel Iflavirus Genomes in Glossina morsitans and Other Tsetse Species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.23.465572v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are vectors of Human and Animal African trypanosomiasis. The tsetse microbiome has been extensively studied in the context of bacterial endosymbiont-host interactions, however, remarkably little is known about the tsetse virome with only one well-characterized DNA virus, the salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV). Here we report the genomes of four iflaviruses identified in tsetse flies and their distribution in public RNA-seq libraries, mainly from laboratory colonies. Strikingly, the iflavirus identified in G. morsitans, provisionally named Glossina iflavirus 1 (GliflaV1), is present in all 136 RNA-seq libraries of G. morsitans maintained at different institutions, and displays a broad tissue tropism and high abundance, reaching up to 15% of library content. Its ubiquitous distribution and presence in the reproductive tissues, intrauterine larvae, and teneral flies suggest it is part of the initial core microbiota maternally transmitted to the progeny. None of the G. morsitans samples harbor iflaviruses identified in the other three, more closely related, tsetse species which, conversely, do not harbor the iflavirus from G. morsitans. Though apparently asymptomatic, these infections may influence tsetse host fitness, developmental or biological processes which might be relevant in the context of tsetse population control strategies, mass rearing, and paratransgenesis, and open up new opportunities to study the quadripartite system of interactions among the invertebrate host, the parasitic protozoan, and both viral and bacterial symbionts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.23.465572</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tsetse RNA Virome: Novel Iflavirus Genomes in Glossina morsitans and Other Tsetse Species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.24.465471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparing adaptive coding of reward in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.24.465471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDeficits in neural processing of reward have been described in both bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), but it remains unclear to what extent these deficits are caused by similar mechanisms. Efficient reward processing relies on adaptive coding which allows representing large input spans by limited neuronal encoding ranges. Deficits in adaptive coding of reward have previously been observed across the SZ spectrum and correlated with total symptom severity. In the present work we sought to establish whether adaptive coding is similarly affected in patients with BD.

Methods25 patients with BD, 27 patients with SZ and 25 healthy controls performed a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging in two reward range conditions.

ResultsAdaptive coding was impaired in BD and SZ in the posterior part of the right caudate. In contrast, BD did not show impaired adaptive coding in the anterior caudate and right precentral gyrus/insula, where SZ showed deficits compared to healthy controls.

ConclusionsBD patients show adaptive coding deficits, that are similar to those observed in SZ in the right posterior caudate. Adaptive coding in BD appeared more preserved as compared to SZ participants especially in the more anterior part of the right caudate and to a lesser extent also in the right precentral gyrus. Thus, dysfunctional adaptive coding could constitute a fundamental deficit in severe mental illnesses that extends beyond the schizophrenia spectrum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaliuzhna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobler, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.24.465471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparing adaptive coding of reward in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EEG microstate dynamics indicate a U-shaped path to propofol-induced loss of consciousness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is commonly believed that the stream of consciousness is not continuous but parsed into transient brain states manifesting themselves as discrete spatiotemporal patterns of global neuronal activity. Electroencephalographical (EEG) microstates are proposed as the neurophysiological correlates of these transiently stable brain states that last for fractions of seconds. To further understand the link between EEG microstate dynamics and consciousness, we continuously recorded high-density EEG in 23 surgical patients from their awake state to unconsciousness, induced by step-wise increasing concentrations of the intravenous anesthetic propofol. Besides the conventional parameters of microstate dynamics, we introduce a new method that estimates the complexity of microstate sequences. The brain activity under the surgical anesthesia showed a decreased sequence complexity of the stereotypical microstates, which became sparser and longer-lasting. However, we observed an initial increase in microstates temporal dynamics and complexity with increasing depth of sedation leading to a distinctive "U-shape" that may be linked to the paradoxical excitation induced by moderate levels of propofol. Our results support the idea that the brain is in a metastable state under normal conditions, balancing between order and chaos in order to flexibly switch from one state to another. The temporal dynamics of EEG microstates indicate changes of this critical balance between stability and transition that lead to altered states of consciousness.

HighlightsO_LIEEG microstates capture discrete spatiotemporal patterns of global neuronal activity
C_LIO_LIWe studied their temporal dynamics in relation to different states of consciousness
C_LIO_LIWe introduce a new method to estimate the complexity of microstates sequences
C_LIO_LIWith moderate sedation complexity increases then decreases with full sedation
C_LIO_LIComplexity of microstate sequences is sensitive to altered states of consciousness
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Artoni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maillard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Britz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lysakowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brechet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tramer, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.26.465841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EEG microstate dynamics indicate a U-shaped path to propofol-induced loss of consciousness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Excessive inflammatory and metabolic responses to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with a distinct gut microbiota composition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and associated clinical sequelae requires well-coordinated metabolic and immune responses that limit viral spread and promote recovery of damaged systems. In order to understand potential mechanisms and interactions that influence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, we performed a multi-omics analysis on hospitalised COVID-19 patients and compared those with the most severe outcome (i.e. death) to those with severe non-fatal disease, or mild/moderate disease, that recovered. A distinct subset of 8 cytokines and 140 metabolites in sera identified those with a fatal outcome to infection. In addition, elevated levels of multiple pathobionts and lower levels of protective or anti-inflammatory microbes were observed in the faecal microbiome of those with the poorest clinical outcomes. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified modules that associated severity-associated cytokines with tryptophan metabolism, coagulation-linked fibrinopeptides, and bile acids with multiple pathobionts. In contrast, less severe clinical outcomes associated with clusters of anti-inflammatory microbes such as Bifidobacterium or Ruminococcus, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and IL-17A. Our study uncovered distinct mechanistic modules that link host and microbiome processes with fatal outcomes to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These features may be useful to identify at risk individuals, but also highlight a role for the microbiome in modifying hyperinflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Albrich, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahearn-Ford, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikaeloff, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lunjani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forde, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleger, G.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietsch, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frischknecht, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garzoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forlenza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horgan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadlier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negro, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pugin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wozniak, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerny, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neogi, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Toole, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Mahony, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.26.465865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Excessive inflammatory and metabolic responses to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with a distinct gut microbiota composition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ligand-induced unfolding mechanism of an RNA G-quadruplex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cationic porphyrin, TMPyP4, is a well-established DNA G-quadruplex (G4) binding ligand that can stabilize different topologies via multiple binding modes. However, TMPyP4 has completely opposite destabilizing and unwinding effect on RNA G4 structures. The structural mechanisms that mediate RNA G4 unfolding remains unknown. Here, we report on the TMPyP4-induced RNA G4 unfolding mechanism studied by well-tempered metadynamics (WT-MetaD) with supporting biophysical experiments. The simulations predict a two-state mechanism of TMPyP4 interaction via a groove-bound and a top-face bound conformation. The dynamics of TMPyP4 stacking on the top tetrad disrupts Hoogsteen H-bonds between guanine bases resulting in the consecutive TMPyP4 intercalation from top-to-bottom G-tetrads. The results reveal a striking correlation between computational and experimental approaches and validate WT-MetaD simulations as a powerful tool for studying RNA G4-ligand interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haldar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulholland, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waller, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haider, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.26.465985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ligand-induced unfolding mechanism of an RNA G-quadruplex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.03.466924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Organization and composition of apicomplexan kinetochores reveals plasticity in chromosome segregation across parasite modes of division 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.03.466924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kinetochores are multiprotein assemblies directing mitotic spindle attachment and chromosome segregation. In apicomplexan parasites, most known kinetochore components and associated regulators are apparently missing, suggesting a minimal structure with limited control over chromosome segregation. In this study, we use interactomics combined with deep homology searches to identify six divergent eukaryotic components, in addition to a set of eight apicomplexan kinetochore proteins (AKiTs) that bear no detectable sequence similarity to known proteins. The nanoscale organization of the apicomplexan kinetochore includes four subdomains, each displaying different evolutionary rates across the phylum. Functional analyses confirm AKiTs are essential for mitosis and reveal architectures parallel to biorientation at metaphase. Furthermore, we identify a homolog of MAD1 at the apicomplexan kinetochore, suggesting conserved spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. Finally, we show unexpected plasticity in kinetochore composition and segregation throughout the parasite lifecycle, indicating diverse requirements to maintain fidelity of chromosome segregation across apicomplexan modes of division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brusini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dos Santos Pacheco, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.03.466924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Organization and composition of apicomplexan kinetochores reveals plasticity in chromosome segregation across parasite modes of division]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.11.468254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic regulation of RNA splicing in human pancreatic islets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.11.468254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variants that influence transcriptional regulation in pancreatic islets play a major role in the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D). For many susceptibility loci, however, the mechanisms are unknown. We examined splicing QTLs (sQTLs) in islets from 399 donors and observed that genetic variation has a widespread influence on splicing of genes with important functions in islet biology. In parallel, we profiled expression QTLs, and used transcriptome-wide association and co-localization studies to assign islet sQTLs or eQTLs to T2D susceptibility signals that lacked candidate effector genes. We found novel T2D associations, including an sQTL that creates a nonsense isoform in ERO1B, a regulator of ER-stress and proinsulin biosynthesis. The expanded list of T2D risk effectors revealed overrepresented pathways, including regulators of G-protein-mediated cAMP production. This data exposes an underappreciated layer of genetic regulation in pancreatic islets, and nominates molecular mediators of T2D susceptibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Atla, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonas-Guarch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuenca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beucher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Hurtado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irimia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloyn, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marselli, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suleiman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berney, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Koning, E. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr-Conte, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piemonti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.11.468254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic regulation of RNA splicing in human pancreatic islets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468601v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oligogenic heterozygous inheritance of sperm abnormalities in mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468601v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Male infertility is an important health concern that is expected to have a major genetic etiology. Although high-throughput sequencing has linked gene defects to more than 50% of rare and severe sperm anomalies, less than 20% of common and moderate forms are explained. We hypothesized that this low success rate could at least be partly due to oligogenic defects - the accumulation of several rare heterozygous variants in distinct, but functionally connected, genes. Here, we compared fertility and sperm parameters in male mice harboring one to four heterozygous truncating mutations of genes linked to multiple morphological anomalies of the flagellum (MMAF) syndrome. Results indicated progressively deteriorating sperm morphology and motility with increasing numbers of heterozygous mutations. This first evidence of oligogenic inheritance in failed spermatogenesis strongly suggests that oligogenic heterozygosity could explain a significant proportion of asthenoteratozoospermia cases. The findings presented pave the way to further studies in mice and man.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martinez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeuillet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muronova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boguenet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhellemmes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hograindleur, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vilpreux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neirijnck, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kherraf, Z. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escoffier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>F. Ray, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnoult, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.468601</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oligogenic heterozygous inheritance of sperm abnormalities in mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.16.468763v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of vacuolin microdomains in the host Dictyostelium discoideum increases resistance to Mycobacterium marinum-induced membrane damage and infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.16.468763v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, manipulates the host phagosome maturation pathway to replicate intracellularly. Mycobacterium marinum, a closely-related species, and Dictyostelium discoideum, a social amoeba and alternative phagocytic host, have been used as models to study host-pathogen interactions occurring during mycobacterial infections. Vacuolins, functional homologues of the mammalian flotillins, organize membrane microdomains and play a role in vesicular trafficking. Various pathogens have been reported to manipulate their membrane association and function. During infection of D. discoideum with M. marinum, Vacuolin C was specifically and highly induced and all three vacuolin isoforms were enriched at the mycobacteria-containing-vacuole (MCV). In addition, absence of vacuolins reduced escape from the MCV and conferred resistance to M. marinum infection. Moreover, ESAT-6, the membrane-disrupting virulence factor of M. marinum, was less associated with membranes when vacuolins were absent. Together, these results suggest that vacuolins are important host factors that are manipulated by mycobacteria to inflict membrane damage and escape from their compartment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bosmani, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perret, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuba, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gueho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.16.468763</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of vacuolin microdomains in the host Dictyostelium discoideum increases resistance to Mycobacterium marinum-induced membrane damage and infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.25.470034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii phosphatidylserine flippase complex ATP2B-CDC50.4 critically participates in microneme exocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.25.470034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulated microneme secretion governs motility, host cell invasion and egress in the obligate intracellular apicomplexans. Intracellular calcium oscillations and phospholipid dynamics critically regulate micronemes exocytosis. Despite its importance for the lytic cycle of these parasites, molecular mechanistic details about exocytosis are still missing. Some members of the P4-ATPases act as flippases, changing the phospholipid distribution by translocation from the outer to the inner leaflet of the membrane. Here, the localization and function of the repertoire of P4-ATPases was investigated across the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Of relevance, ATP2B and the non-catalytic subunit cell division control protein 50.4 (CDC50.4) form a stable heterocomplex at the parasite plasma membrane, essential for microneme exocytosis. This complex is responsible for flipping phosphatidylserine (PS), which presumably acts as a lipid mediator for the organelle fusion with the plasma membrane. DOC2.1, a previously described key egress and invasion factor, is shown here to be affected in its function in egress upon mutation on residues putatively involved in calcium binding. This study points toward the importance of PS in microneme exocytosis and unveils subtle differences in the signaling cascades leading to organelle secretion between intracellular and extracellular parasites to ensure egress and invasion, respectively.

Author SummaryBiological membranes display diverse functions, including membrane fusion, which are conferred by a defined composition and organization of proteins and lipids. Apicomplexan parasites possess specialized secretory organelles (micronemes), implicated in motility, invasion and egress from host cells. Microneme exocytosis is already known to depends on phosphatidic acid for its fusion with the plasma membrane. Here we identify a type P4-ATPase and its CDC50 chaperone (ATP2B-CDC50.4) that act as flippase and contribute to the enrichment of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the inner leaflet of the parasite plasma membrane. PS and the previously described C2-containing protein DOC2.1 differentially participate in microneme exocytosis in the context of environmental changes. Overall, our results shed light on the importance membrane homeostasis and lipid composition in controlling microneme secretion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bisio, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marq, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.25.470034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toxoplasma gondii phosphatidylserine flippase complex ATP2B-CDC50.4 critically participates in microneme exocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.29.468971v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional adaptation of sensory neurons to GPCR identity and activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.29.468971v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory adaptation is critical to extract information from a changing world. Taking advantage of the extensive parallel coding lines present in the olfactory system, we explored the potential variations of neuronal identities before and after olfactory experience. We found that at rest, the transcriptomic profiles of olfactory sensory neuron populations are already highly divergent, specific to the olfactory receptor they express, and are surprisingly associated with the sequence of these latter. These divergent profiles further evolve in response to the environment, as odorant exposure leads to massive reprogramming via the modulation of transcription. Adenylyl cyclase 3, but not other main elements of the olfactory transduction cascade, plays a critical role in this activity-induced transcriptional adaptation. These findings highlight a broad range of sensory neuron identities that are present at rest and that adapt to the experience of the individual, thus providing a novel layer of complexity to sensory coding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Horgue, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fodoulian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Archinto, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuberosa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boillat, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.29.468971</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional adaptation of sensory neurons to GPCR identity and activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Black-box testing in motor sequence learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During learning of novel motor sequences, practice leads to the consolidation of hierarchical structures, namely motor chunks, facilitating the accurate execution of sequences at increasing speeds. Recent studies show that such hierarchical structures are largely represented upstream of the primary motor cortex in the motor network, suggesting their function to be more related to the encoding, storage, and retrieval of sequences rather than their sole execution. We isolated different components of motor skill acquisition related to the consolidation of spatiotemporal features and followed their evolution over training. We found that optimal motor skill acquisition relies on the storage of the spatial features of the sequence in memory, followed by the optimization of its execution and increased execution speeds (i.e., a shift in the speed-accuracy trade-off) early in training, supporting the model proposed by Hikosaka in 1999. Contrasting the dynamics of these components during ageing, we identified less-than-optimal mechanisms in older adults explaining the observed differences in performance. We applied noninvasive brain stimulation in an attempt to support the aging brain to compensate for these deficits. The present study found that anodal direct current stimulation applied over the motor cortex restored the mechanisms involved in the consolidation of spatial features, without directly affecting the speed of execution of the sequence. This led older adults to sharply improve their accuracy, resulting in an earlier yet gradual emergence of motor chunks. The results suggest the early storage of the sequence in memory, largely independent of motor practice, is crucial for an optimal motor acquisition and retrieval of this motor behavior. Nevertheless, the consolidation of optimal temporal patterns, detected as motor chunks at a behavioral level, is not a direct consequence of storing the sequence elements, but rather of motor practice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maceira-Elvira, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timmermann, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krakauer, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morishita, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummel, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.01.470563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Black-box testing in motor sequence learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.460832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial mutational spectrum is associated with mammalian longevity: a novel signature of oxidative damage. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.460832v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mutational spectrum of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) does not resemble any of the known mutational signatures of the nuclear genome and variation in mtDNA mutational spectra between different organisms is still incomprehensible. Since mitochondria is tightly involved in aerobic energy production, it is expected that mtDNA mutational spectra is affected by the oxidative damage. Assuming that oxidative damage increases with age, we analyze mtDNA mutagenesis of different species. Analysing (i) dozens thousands of somatic mtDNA mutations in samples of different age (ii) 70053 polymorphic synonymous mtDNA substitutions, reconstructed in 424 mammalian species with different generation length and (iii) synonymous nucleotide content of 650 complete mitochondrial genomes of mammalian species we observed that the frequency of AH>GH substitutions (H - heavy chain notation) is twice higher in species with high versus low generation length making their mtDNA more AH poor and GH rich. Considering that AH>GH substitutions are also sensitive to the time spent single stranded (TSSS) during asynchroniuos mtDNA replication we demonstrated that AH>GH substitution rate is a function of both species-specific generation length and position specific TSSS. We propose that AH>GH is a mitochondria-specific signature of oxidative damage associated with both aging and TSSS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mikhailova, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikhailova, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ushakova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tretiakov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamanskiy, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iurchenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zazhytska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozenkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makeev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gostimskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischmann, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasko, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunz, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knorre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazunin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fellay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khrapko, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunbin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popadin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.03.460832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial mutational spectrum is associated with mammalian longevity: a novel signature of oxidative damage.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.471093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transposable elements mediate genetic effects altering the expression of nearby genes in colorectal cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.471093v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are interspersed repeats that contribute to more than half of the human genome, and TE-embedded regulatory sequences are increasingly recognized as major components of the human regulome. Perturbations of this system can contribute to tumorigenesis, but the impact of TEs on gene expression in cancer cells remains to be fully assessed. Here, we analyzed 275 normal colon and 276 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples from the SYSCOL colorectal cancer cohort and discovered 10,111 and 5,152 TE expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in normal and tumor tissues, respectively. Amongst the latter, 376 were exclusive to CRC, likely driven by changes in methylation patterns. We identified that transcription factors are more enriched in tumor-specific TE-eQTLs than shared TE-eQTLs, indicating that TEs are more specifically regulated in tumor than normal. Using Bayesian Networks to assess the causal relationship between eQTL variants, TEs and genes, we identified that 1,758 TEs are mediators of genetic effect, altering the expression of 1,626 nearby genes significantly more in tumor compared to normal, of which 51 are cancer driver genes. We show that tumor-specific TE-eQTLs trigger the driver capability of TEs subsequently impacting expression of nearby genes. Collectively, our results highlight a global profile of a new class of cancer drivers, thereby enhancing our understanding of tumorigenesis and providing potential new candidate mechanisms for therapeutic target development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lykoskoufis, N. M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Planet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ongen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trono, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.03.471093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transposable elements mediate genetic effects altering the expression of nearby genes in colorectal cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The need for unrealistic experiments in global change biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate change is an existential threat, and our ability to conduct experiments on how organisms will respond to it is limited by logistics and resources, making it vital that experiments be maximally useful. The majority of experiments on phytoplankton responses to warming and CO2 use only two levels of each driver. However, to project the characters of future populations, we need a mechanistic and generalizable explanation for how phytoplankton respond to concurrent changes in temperature and CO2. This requires experiments with more driver levels, to produce response surfaces that can aid in the development of predictive models. We recommend prioritizing experiments or programmes that produce such response surfaces on multiple scales for phytoplankton.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Collins, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.471575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The need for unrealistic experiments in global change biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8-Mediated UV-B Response Is Required Alongside CRYPTOCHROME1 For Plant Survival Under Sunlight In The Field 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As sessile organisms, plants are subjected to fluctuating sunlight including potentially detrimental ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B). In Arabidopsis thaliana, experiments under controlled conditions have shown that UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) controls photomorphogenic responses for acclimation and tolerance to UV-B; however, its long-term impacts on plant performance remain poorly understood in naturally fluctuating environments. Here we quantified the survival and reproduction of different Arabidopsis mutant genotypes in diverse field and laboratory conditions. We found that uvr8 mutants produced more fruits than wild type in growth chambers with artificial low UV-B conditions but not in natural field conditions. Importantly, independent double mutants of UVR8 and the blue-light photoreceptor gene CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) in two genetic backgrounds showed a drastic reduction in fitness in the field. UV-B attenuation experiments in field conditions and supplemental UV-B in growth chambers demonstrated that UV-B caused the conditional cry1 uvr8 lethality phenotype. RNA sequencing in different conditions revealed a large number of genes with statistical interaction of UVR8 and CRY1 mutations in the presence of UV-B in the field. Among them, Gene Ontology analysis identified enrichment of categories related to UV-B response, oxidative stress, photoprotection and DNA damage repair. Our study demonstrates the functional importance of the UVR8-mediated response across life stages in natura, which is partially redundant with CRY1, and provides an integral picture of gene expression associated with plant environmental responses under diverse environmental conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stockenhuber, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiyama, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tissot, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamazaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arongaus, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podolec, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milosavljevic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widmer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8-Mediated UV-B Response Is Required Alongside CRYPTOCHROME1 For Plant Survival Under Sunlight In The Field]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disrupting inferior frontal cortex activity alters affect decoding efficiency from clear but not from ambiguous affective speech 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evaluation of socio-affective sound information is accomplished by the primate auditory cortex in collaboration with limbic and inferior frontal cortex (IFC)--often observed during affective voice classification. Partly opposing views have been proposed, with IFC either coding cognitive processing challenges in case of sensory ambiguity or representing categorical object and affect information for clear voices. Here, we presented clear and ambiguous affective speech to two groups of human participants during neuroimaging, while in one group we inhibited right IFC activity with transcranial magnetic stimulation. IFC activity inhibition led to faster affective decisions, more accurate choice probabilities, reduced auditory cortical activity and increased fronto-limbic connectivity for clear affective speech. This indicates a more intermediate functional property of the IFC than assumed--namely with normal activity representing a more deliberate form of affective sound processing (i.e., enforcing cognitive analysis) that flags categorical sound decisions with precaution (i.e., representation of categorical uncertainty).

TeaserInferior frontal cortex enforces cognitive analyses during affect decisions with different levels of sensory ambiguity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moisa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fruhholz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.15.472758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disrupting inferior frontal cortex activity alters affect decoding efficiency from clear but not from ambiguous affective speech]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A brain atlas of synapse protein lifetime across the mouse lifespan. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein turnover is required for synapse maintenance and remodelling and may impact memory duration. We quantified the lifetime of postsynaptic protein PSD95 in individual excitatory synapses across the mouse brain and lifespan, generating the Protein Lifetime Synaptome Atlas. Excitatory synapses have a wide range of protein lifetimes that may extend from a few hours to several months, with distinct spatial distributions in dendrites, neuron types and brain regions. Short protein lifetime (SPL) synapses are enriched in developing animals and in regions controlling innate behaviors, whereas long protein lifetime (LPL) synapses accumulate during development, are enriched in the cortex and CA1 where memories are stored, and are preferentially preserved in old age. The protein lifetime synaptome architecture is disrupted in an autism model, with synapse protein lifetime increased throughout the brain. These findings add a further layer to synapse diversity in the brain and enrich prevailing concepts in behavior, development, ageing and brain repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bulovaite, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kratschke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zgraj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fricker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuck, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokhale, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merino-Serrais, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Husi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dell, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeFelipe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komiyama, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtmaat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fransen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, S. G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A brain atlas of synapse protein lifetime across the mouse lifespan.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.473622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From mass spectral features to molecules in molecular networks: a novel workflow for untargeted metabolomics. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.473622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the context of untargeted metabolomics, molecular networking is a popular and efficient tool which organizes and simplifies mass spectrometry fragmentation data (LC-MS/MS), by clustering ions based on a cosine similarity score. However, the nature of the ion species is rarely taken into account, causing redundancy as a single compound may be present in different forms throughout the network. Taking advantage of the presence of such redundant ions, we developed a new method named MolNotator. Using the different ion species produced by a molecule during ionization (adducts, dimers, trimers, in-source fragments), a predicted molecule node (or neutral node) is created by triangulation, and ultimately computing the associated molecules calculated mass. These neutral nodes provide researchers with several advantages. Firstly, each molecule is then represented in its ionization context, connected to all produced ions and indirectly to some coeluted compounds, thereby also highlighting unexpected widely present adduct species. Secondly, the predicted neutrals serve as anchors to merge the complementary positive and negative ionization modes into a single network. Lastly, the dereplication is improved by the use of all available ions connected to the neutral nodes, and the computed molecular masses can be used for exact mass dereplication. MolNotator is available as a Python library and was validated using the lichen database spectra acquired on an Orbitrap, computing neutral molecules for >90% of the 156 molecules in the dataset. By focusing on actual molecules instead of ions, MolNotator greatly facilitates the selection of molecules of interest.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olivier-Jimenez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouchouireb, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollivier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mocquard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernadat, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chollet-Krugler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rondeau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boustie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfender, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.21.473622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From mass spectral features to molecules in molecular networks: a novel workflow for untargeted metabolomics.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The transcription factor Zic4 acts as a transdifferentiation switch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular mechanisms that maintain cell identities and prevent transdifferentiation remain mysterious. Interestingly, both dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation are transiently reshuffled during regeneration. Therefore, organisms that regenerate readily offer a fruitful paradigm to investigate the regulation of cell fate stability. Here, we used Hydra as a model system and show that Zic4 silencing is sufficient to induce transdifferentiation of tentacle into foot cells. We identified a Wnt-controlled Gene Regulatory Network that controls a transcriptional switch of cell identity. Furthermore, we show that this switch also controls the re-entry into the cell cycle. Our data indicate that maintenance of cell fate by a Wnt-controlled GRN is a key mechanism during both homeostasis and regeneration.

One-Sentence SummaryA Wnt-controlled GRN controls fate maintenance in Hydra.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vogg, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferenc, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzgariu, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perruchoud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papasaikas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, P. G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuninger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delucinge-Vivier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rampon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vriz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galliot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsiairis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The transcription factor Zic4 acts as a transdifferentiation switch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.474089v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MEMO: Mass Spectrometry-based Sample Vectorization to Explore Chemodiverse Datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.474089v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In natural products research, chemodiverse extracts coming from multiple organisms are explored for novel bioactive molecules, sometimes over extended periods. Samples are usually analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with fragmentation mass spectrometry to acquire informative mass spectral ensembles. Such data is then exploited to establish relationships among analytes or samples (e.g. via molecular networking) and annotate metabolites. However, the comparison of samples profiled in different batches is challenging with current metabolomics methods. Indeed, the experimental variation - changes in chromatographical or mass spectrometric conditions - often hinders the direct comparison of the profiled samples. Here we introduce MEMO - MS2 BasEd SaMple VectOrization - a method allowing to cluster large amounts of chemodiverse samples based on their LC-MS/MS profiles in a retention time agnostic manner. This method is particularly suited for heterogeneous and chemodiverse sample sets. MEMO demonstrated similar clustering performance as state-of-the-art metrics taking into account fragmentation spectra. More importantly, such performance was achieved without the requirement of a prior feature alignment step and in a significantly shorter computational time. MEMO thus allows the comparison of vast ensembles of samples, even when analyzed over long periods of time, and on different chromatographic or mass spectrometry platforms. This new addition to the computational metabolomics toolbox should drastically expand the scope of large-scale comparative analysis.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaudry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cretton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfender, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.24.474089</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MEMO: Mass Spectrometry-based Sample Vectorization to Explore Chemodiverse Datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CONTEXT-DEPENDENT ENHANCER FUNCTION REVEALED BYTARGETED INTER-TAD RELOCATION 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The expression of genes with a key function during development is frequently controlled by large regulatory landscapes containing multiple enhancer elements. These landscapes often match Topologically Associating Domains (TADs) and sometimes integrate range of similar enhancers, thus leading to TADs having a global regulatory specificity. To assess the relative functional importance of enhancer sequences versus the regulatory domain they are included in, we set out to transfer one particular enhancer sequence from its native domain into a TAD with a closely related, yet different functional specificity. We used Hoxd genes and their biphasic regulation during limb development as a paradigm, since they are first activated in proximal limb cells by enhancers located in one TAD, which is then silenced at the time when the neighboring TAD starts to activate its enhancers in distal limb cells. We introduced a strong distal limb enhancer into the  proximal limb TAD and found that its new context strongly suppresses its distal specificity, even though it continues to be bound by HOX13 transcription factors, which normally are responsible for this activity. Using local genetic alterations and chromatin conformation measurements, we see that the enhancer is capable of interacting with target genes, with a pattern comparable to its adoptive neighborhood of enhancers. Its activity in distal limb cells can be rescued only when a large portion of the surrounding environment is removed. These results indicate that, at least in some cases, the functioning of enhancer elements is subordinated to the local chromatin context, which can exert a dominant control over its activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bolt, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hintermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauseo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.19.476888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CONTEXT-DEPENDENT ENHANCER FUNCTION REVEALED BYTARGETED INTER-TAD RELOCATION]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PP1 phosphatases control PAR-2 localization and polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell polarity relies on the asymmetric distribution of the conserved PAR proteins, which is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions. While the kinases involved have been well studied, the role of phosphatases remains poorly understood. In C. elegans zygotes, phosphorylation of the posterior PAR-2 protein by the atypical protein kinase PKC-3 inhibits PAR-2 cortical localization. Polarity establishment depends on loading of PAR-2 at the posterior cortex. We show that the PP1 phosphatases GSP-1 and GSP-2 are required for polarity establishment in embryos. We find that co-depletion of GSP-1 and GSP-2 abrogates the cortical localization of PAR-2 and that GSP-1 and GSP-2 interact with PAR-2 via a PP1 docking motif in PAR-2. Mutating this motif in vivo, to prevent binding of PAR-2 to PP1, abolishes cortical localization of PAR-2, while optimizing this motif extends PAR-2 cortical localization. Our data suggest a model in which GSP-1/-2 counteract PKC-3 phosphorylation of PAR-2 allowing its cortical localization at the posterior and polarization of the one-cell embryo.

SUMMARYCalvi et al. identify PP1 protein phosphatases as regulators of cell polarity in C. elegans embryos. Their results show that two redundant phosphatases, GSP-1 and GSP-2, interact with the polarity protein PAR-2 and control its localization and polarity establishment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calvi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwager, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.19.476913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PP1 phosphatases control PAR-2 localization and polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The small GTPase Arf1 regulates ATP synthesis and mitochondria homeostasis by modulating fatty acid metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipid mobilization through fatty acid {beta}-oxidation is a central process essential for energy production during nutrient shortage. In yeast, this catabolic process starts in the peroxisome from where {beta}-oxidation products enter mitochondria and fuel the TCA cycle. Little is known about the physical and metabolic cooperation between these organelles. We found that expression of fatty acid transporters and of the rate-limiting enzyme involved in {beta}-oxidation are decreased in cells expressing a hyperactive mutant of the small GTPase Arf1, leading to an accumulation of fatty acids in lipid droplets. As a consequence, mitochondria became fragmented and ATP synthesis decreased. Genetic and pharmacological depletion of fatty acids phenocopied the arf1 mutant mitochondrial phenotype. Although {beta}-oxidation occurs mainly in mitochondria in mammals, Arf1s role in fatty acid metabolism is conserved. Together, our results indicate that Arf1 integrates metabolism into energy production by regulating fatty acid storage and utilization, and presumably organelle contact-sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Enkler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennauer, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szentgyörgyi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prescianotto-Baschong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiesyk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucharczyk, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiess, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.26.477847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The small GTPase Arf1 regulates ATP synthesis and mitochondria homeostasis by modulating fatty acid metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Humans recognize affective cues in primate vocalizations: Acoustic and phylogenetic perspectives 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans are adept in extracting affective information from the vocalisations of not only humans but also other animals. Current research has mainly focused on phylogenetic proximity to explain such cross-species emotion recognition abilities. However, because research protocols are inconsistent across studies, it remains unclear whether human recognition of vocal affective cues of other species is due to cross-taxa similarities between acoustic parameters, the phylogenetic distances between species, or a combination of both. To address this, we first analysed acoustic variation in 96 affective vocalizations, including agonistic and affiliative contexts, of humans and three other primate species - rhesus macaques, chimpanzees and bonobos - the latter two being equally phylogenetically distant from humans. Using Mahalanobis distances, we found that chimpanzee vocalizations were acoustically closer to those of humans than to those of bonobos, confirming a potential derived vocal evolution in the bonobo lineage. Second, we investigated whether 68 human participants recognized the affective basis of vocalisations through tasks by asking them to categorize ( A vs B) or discriminate ( A vs non-A) vocalisations based on their affective content. Results showed that participants could reliably categorize and discriminate most of the affective vocal cues expressed by other primates, except threat calls by bonobos and macaques. Overall, participants showed greatest accuracy in detecting chimpanzee vocalizations; but not bonobo vocalizations, which provides support for both the phylogenetic proximity and acoustic similarity hypotheses. Our results highlight for the first time the importance of both phylogenetic and acoustic parameter level explanations in cross-species affective perception, drawing a more complex picture to explain our natural understanding of animal signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Debracque, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clay, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.26.477864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Humans recognize affective cues in primate vocalizations: Acoustic and phylogenetic perspectives]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KaiC-like proteins improve stress resistance in environmental Pseudomonas species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
KaiC is the central cog of the circadian clock in Cyanobacteria. Close homologs of this protein are widespread among bacteria that are not known to have or need a circadian physiology. The function, interaction network, and mechanism of action of these KaiC homologs are still largely unknown. Here, we focus on KaiC-like proteins found in environmental Pseudomonas species. Using a bioinformatic approach, we describe the diversity and distribution of members of this protein family in the Pseudomonas genus and sketch, through comparative genomics, a conserved minimal interaction network comprising a histidine kinase and a response regulator. We then characterize experimentally the only KaiC homolog present in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and Pseudomonas protegens CHA0. Through phenotypic assays and transcriptomics, we show that KaiC is involved in osmotic and oxidative stress resistance in P. putida and in sulfur uptake and alternative carbon source utilization in P. protegens. As expected, it physically interacts with its cognate histidine kinase and response regulator. Moreover, KaiC homologs are phosphorylated at one (P. putida) or two (P. protegens) sites and KaiC phosphorylation patterns change over time; however, in Pseudomonas species, changes in KaiC phosphorylation are driven by the age of the culture rather than by circadian cues as is the case in Cyanobacteria. In this study, through thorough bioinformatic and experimental analyses, we shed light onto the functional diversification and evolution of a unique protein family, diversely involved in bacterial rhythmic interactions with their environment. By so doing, we present a striking example of a protein whose general purpose is conserved in evolution, but whose molecular mechanics and participation in bacterial physiology can change dramatically across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Terrettaz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabete, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.26.477890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KaiC-like proteins improve stress resistance in environmental Pseudomonas species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.27.477885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In silico analysis of the human milk oligosaccharide glycome reveals key enzymes of their biosynthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.27.477885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) form the third most abundant component of human milk and are known to convey several benefits to the neonate, including protection from viral and bacterial pathogens, training of the immune system, and influencing the gut microbiome. As HMO production during lactation is driven by enzymes that are common to other glycosylation processes, we adapted a model of mucin-type GalNAc-linked glycosylation enzymes to act on free lactose. We identified a subset of 11 enzyme activities that can account for 206 of 226 distinct HMOs isolated from human milk, and constructed a biosynthetic reaction network that identifies 5 new core HMO structures. A comparison of monosaccharide compositions demonstrated that the model was able to discriminate between two possible groups of intermediates between major subnetworks, and to assign possible structures to several previously uncharacterised HMOs. The effect of enzyme knockouts is presented, identifying {beta}-1,4-galactosyltransferase and {beta}-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase as key enzyme activities involved in the generation of the observed HMO glycosylation patterns. The model also provides a synthesis chassis for the most common HMOs found in lactating mothers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McDonald, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariethoz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisacek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.27.477885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In silico analysis of the human milk oligosaccharide glycome reveals key enzymes of their biosynthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.29.478308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Categorization and discrimination of human and non-human primate affective vocalizations: investigation of the frontal cortex activity through fNIRS. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.29.478308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many species, including humans and non-human primates, react differently to threatening or pleasant situations. Because of its adaptiveness, recognizing affective signals is likely to be reflected in a capability of modern humans to recognize other closely related species call content. However, at both behavioural and neural levels, only few studies have used a comparative approach to understand affective decoding processes in humans, particularly with respect to affective vocalizations. Previous research in neuroscience about the recognition of human affective vocalizations has shown the critical involvement of temporal and frontal regions. In particular, frontal regions have been reported as crucial in the explicit decoding of vocal emotions especially in different task complexity such as discrimination or categorization. The aim of this study using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was to specifically investigate the neural activity of the inferior frontal cortex pars triangularis (IFGtri) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) underlying categorization (A versus B) and discrimination (A versus non-A) mechanisms of positive and negative affects in human, great apes (chimpanzee and bonobo), and monkey (rhesus macaque) vocalizations. We also analysed participants behavioural responses and correlated them with the recorded frontal activations. While performing the tasks, fNIRS data revealed a clear distinction between the two frontal regions, with a general positive activation of IFGtri compared to a decrease of PFC activity. We also found a modulation of IFGtri and PFC activations depending on both the species considered and on task complexity; with generally more activity in the IFGtri during discrimination compared to categorization, and a more intense decrease of the PFC in categorization compared to discrimination. Behaviourally, participants recognized almost all affective cues in all species vocalizations at above chance levels in the discrimination task (except for threatening bonobo calls). For categorization, they mostly correctly identified at levels significantly above chance affective contents in human and great ape vocalizations but not in macaque calls. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis of a pre-human origin of affective recognition processing inherited from our common ancestor with other great apes and processed in the frontal cortex. Our results also highlight behavioural differences related to task complexity, i.e. between categorization and discrimination processes, and the differential involvement of the PFC and the IFGtri, which seems necessary to explicitly decode affects in all primate vocalizations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Debracque, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clay, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.29.478308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Categorization and discrimination of human and non-human primate affective vocalizations: investigation of the frontal cortex activity through fNIRS.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.479112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fingerprinting of brain disease: Connectome identifiability in cognitive decline and neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.479112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In analogy to the friction ridges of a human finger, the functional connectivity patterns of the human brain can be used to identify a given individual from a population. In other words, functional connectivity patterns constitute a marker of human identity, or a  brain fingerprint. Yet remarkably, very little is known about whether brain fingerprints are preserved in brain ageing and in the presence of cognitive decline due to Alzheimers disease (AD). Using fMRI data from two independent datasets of healthy and pathologically ageing subjects, here we show that individual functional connectivity profiles remain unique and highly heterogeneous across early and late stages of cognitive decline due to AD. Yet, the patterns of functional connectivity making subjects identifiable, change across health and disease, revealing a functional reconfiguration of the brain fingerprint. We observed a fingerprint change towards between-functional system connections when transitioning from healthy to dementia, and to lower-order cognitive functions in the earliest stages of the disease. These findings show that functional connectivity carries important individualised information to evaluate regional and network dysfunction in cognitive impairment and highlight the importance of switching the focus from group differences to individual variability when studying functional alterations in AD. The present data establish the foundation for clinical fingerprinting of brain diseases by showing that functional connectivity profiles maintain their uniqueness, yet go through functional reconfiguration, during cognitive decline. These results pave the way for a more personalised understanding of functional alterations during cognitive decline, moving towards brain fingerprinting in personalised medicine and treatment optimization during cognitive decline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stampacchia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asadi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomczyk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribaldi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheffler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovblad, K.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pievani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frisoni, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garibotto, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amico, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.04.479112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fingerprinting of brain disease: Connectome identifiability in cognitive decline and neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479381v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell immune repertoire sequencing of B and T cells in murine models of infection and autoimmunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479381v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptive immune repertoires are composed by the ensemble of B and T cell receptors (BCR, TCR) within an individual and reflect both past and current immune responses. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing enable recovery of the complete adaptive immune receptor sequences in addition to transcriptional information. Such high-dimensional datasets enable the molecular quantification of clonal selection of B and T cells across a wide variety of conditions such as infection and disease. Due to costs, time required for the analysis and current practices of academic publishing, small-scale sequencing studies are often not made publicly available, despite having informative potential to elucidate immunological principles and guide future-studies. Here, we performed single-cell sequencing of B and T cells to profile clonal selection across murine models of viral infection and autoimmune disease. Specifically, we recovered transcriptome and immune repertoire information for polyclonal T follicular helper cells following acute and chronic viral infection, CD8+ T cells with binding specificity restricted to two distinct peptides of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and B and T cells isolated from the nervous system in the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We could relate repertoire features such as clonal expansion, germline gene usage, and clonal convergence to cell phenotypes spanning activation, memory, naive, antibody secretion, T cell inflation, and regulation. Together, this dataset provides a resource for experimental and computational immunologists that can be integrated with future single-cell immune repertoire and transcriptome sequencing datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shlesinger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shammas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrafiotis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreiner, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonta, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincenti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccinno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariotte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dizerens, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manero-Carranza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehling, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khodaverdi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panetti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joller, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oxenius, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yermanos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.07.479381</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell immune repertoire sequencing of B and T cells in murine models of infection and autoimmunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebellar and cortico-striatal-midbrain contributions to reward-cognition processes and apathy within the psychosis continuum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Negative symptoms in the psychosis continuum are linked to impairments in reward processing and cognitive function. Processes at the interface of reward processing and cognition and their relation to negative symptoms remain little studied, despite evidence suggestive of integration in mechanisms and neural circuitry. Here, we investigated brain activation during reward-dependent modulation of working memory (WM) and their relationship to negative symptoms in subclinical and early stages of the psychosis continuum. We included 27 persons with high schizotypal personality traits and 23 patients with first episode psychosis as well as 27 healthy controls. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an established 2-back WM task with two reward levels (5 CHF vs. no reward), which allowed us to assess common reward-cognition regions through whole-brain conjunction analyses and to investigate relations with clinical scores of negative symptoms. As expected for behavior, reward facilitated performance while cognitive load diminished it. At the neural level, the conjunction of high reward and high cognitive load contrasts across the psychosis continuum showed increased hemodynamic activity in the thalamus and the cerebellar vermis. During high cognitive load, more severe apathy but not diminished expression in the psychosis continuum was associated with reduced activity in right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, midbrain, posterior vermal cerebellum, caudate and lateral parietal cortex. Our results suggest that hypoactivity in the cerebellar vermis and the cortical-striatal-midbrain-circuitry in the psychosis continuum relates to apathy possibly via impaired flexible cognitive resource allocation for effective goal pursuit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Begue, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brakowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seifritz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobler, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.09.479617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebellar and cortico-striatal-midbrain contributions to reward-cognition processes and apathy within the psychosis continuum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain aging differs with cognitive ability regardless of education 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479697v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Higher general cognitive ability (GCA) is associated with lower risk of neurodegenerative disorders, but neural mechanisms are unknown. GCA could be associated with more cortical tissue, from young age, i.e. brain reserve, or less cortical atrophy in adulthood, i.e. brain maintenance. Controlling for education, we investigated the relative association of GCA with reserve and maintenance of cortical volume, -area and -thickness through the adult lifespan, using multiple longitudinal brain imaging cohorts (n = 3327, 7002 MRI scans, baseline age 20-88 years, followed-up up to 11 years). There were widespread positive relationships between GCA and cortical characteristics (level-level associations). In select regions, higher baseline GCA was associated with less atrophy over time (level-change associations). Relationships remained when controlling for polygenic scores for both GCA and education. Our findings suggest that higher GCA is associated with cortical volumes by both brain reserve and -maintenance mechanisms through the adult lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walhovd, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindenberger, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnussen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amlien, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowinckel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kievit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebmeier, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartres-Faz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boraxbekk, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghisletta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baare, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zsoldos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninx, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fjell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.09.479697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain aging differs with cognitive ability regardless of education]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NICEgame: A workflow for annotating the knowledge gaps in metabolic reconstructions, using known and hypothetical reactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in medicine and biotechnology rely on the further understanding of biological processes. Despite the increasingly available types and amounts of omics data, significant biochemical knowledge gaps remain uncharacterized. Several approaches have been developed during the past years to identify missing metabolic annotations in genome-scale. However, these approaches suggest missing metabolic reactions within a limited set of already characterized metabolic capabilities. In this study, we introduce NICEgame (Network Integrated Computational Explorer for Gap Annotation of Metabolism), a workflow to characterize missing metabolic capabilities in genome-scale metabolic models using the ATLAS of Biochemistry. NICEgame suggests alternative sets of known and hypothetical reactions to resolve gaps in metabolic networks, assesses their thermodynamic feasibility, and suggests candidate genes and proteins to catalyze the introduced reactions. We use gene essentiality data use to identify metabolic gaps in the latest genome-scale model of Escherichia coli, iML1515. We apply our gap-filling approach and further enhance its genome annotation, by suggesting reactions and putative genes to resolve 46 % of the false negative gene essentiality predictions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vayena, e.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiappino-Pepe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MohammadiPeyhani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francioli, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadadi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ataman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzimanikatis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.10.479881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NICEgame: A workflow for annotating the knowledge gaps in metabolic reconstructions, using known and hypothetical reactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis of human IL-18 sequestration by the decoy receptor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) in inflammation and tumor immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an omnipresent pro-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family with central roles in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and serving as a staple biomarker in the evaluation of inflammation in physiology and disease, including the inflammatory phase in COVID-19. The sequestration of IL-18 by its soluble decoy receptor IL-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP) is critical to the regulation of IL-18 activity. Since an imbalance in expression and circulating levels of IL-18 is associated with disease, structural insights into how IL-18BP outcompetes binding of IL-18 by its cognate cell-surface receptors would be highly desirable. However, the structure of human IL-18BP in complex with IL-18 had remained elusive. Here, we elucidate the sequestration mechanism of human IL-18 mediated by IL-18BP based on the crystal structure of the IL-18:IL-18BP complex. These detailed structural snapshots reveal the interaction landscape leading to the ultra-high affinity of IL-18BP towards IL-18 and identify substantial differences with respect to previously characterized complexes of IL-18 with IL-18BP of viral origin. Furthermore, our structure captured a fortuitous higher-order assembly between IL-18 and IL-18BP coordinated by a disulfide-bond distal to the binding surface connecting IL-18 and IL-18BP molecule from different complexes, resulting in a novel complex with 2:2 stoichiometry. This tetrapartite assembly was found to restrain IL-18 activity more effectively than the canonical 1:1 complex. Collectively, our findings will provide a framework for innovative structure-driven therapeutic strategies and further functional interrogation of IL-18 in physiology and disease.

Significance statementElevated levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) have long been implicated in numerous inflammatory diseases while also displaying potent anti-tumoral activities. Recent research on COVID-19 has now underscored the role of IL-18 and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), a soluble receptor serving to regulate IL-18 activity, as key players in viral immunity and as promising biomarkers and predictors of disease severity. In this work, we present detailed structural insights into how human IL-18 and IL-18BP interact thereby completing the structural repertoire of IL-18 in complex with its cognate human receptors and viral decoy receptors. Our findings will support structure-based efforts to either disrupt or enhance the interactions of IL-18 with its cognate receptors for therapeutic purposes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Detry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloch, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clancy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savvides, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.10.479912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis of human IL-18 sequestration by the decoy receptor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) in inflammation and tumor immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.13.480269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spindle reorientation in response to mechanical stress is an emergent property of the spindle positioning mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.13.480269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper orientation of the mitotic spindle plays a crucial role in embryos, during tissue development, and in adults, where it functions to dissipate mechanical stress to maintain tissue integrity and homeostasis. While mitotic spindles have been shown to reorient in response to external mechanical stresses, the subcellular cues that mediate spindle reorientation remain unclear. Here, we have used a combination of optogenetics and computational modelling to better understand how mitotic spindles respond to inhomogeneous tension within the actomyosin cortex. Strikingly, we find that the optogenetic activation of RhoA only influences spindle orientation when it is induced at both poles of the cell. Under these conditions, the sudden local increase in cortical tension induced by RhoA activation reduces pulling forces exerted by cortical regulators on astral microtubules. This leads to a perturbation of the torque balance exerted on the spindle, which causes it to rotate. Thus, spindle rotation in response to mechanical stress is an emergent phenomenon arising from the interaction between the spindle positioning machinery and the cell cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelkar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohec, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sreenivasan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisica, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferber, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charras, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.13.480269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spindle reorientation in response to mechanical stress is an emergent property of the spindle positioning mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.14.480333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optical Control of Membrane Fluidity Modulates Protein Secretion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.14.480333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lipid composition of cellular membranes is dynamic and undergoes remodelling affecting biophysical properties, such as membrane fluidity, which are critical to biological function. Here, we introduce an optical approach to manipulate membrane fluidity based on exogenous synthetic fatty acid with an azobenzene photoswitch, termed FAAzo4. Cells rapidly incorporate FAAzo4 into phosphatidylcholine (PC), the major phospholipid in mammalian cells, in a concentration- and cell type-dependent manner. This generates photoswitchable PC analogs (AzoPC), which are predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Irradiation causes a rapid photoisomerization that increases membrane fluidity with high spatiotemporal precision. We use these  PhotoCells to study the impact of membrane mechanics on protein export from the ER and demonstrate that this two-step process has distinct membrane fluidity requirements. Our approach represents an unprecedented way of manipulating membrane fluidity in cellulo and opens novel avenues to probe roles of fluidity in a wide variety of biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Rojo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritzl, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harayama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asaro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veprek, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arp, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynders, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, A. J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanshin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ueberheide, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohmuller, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trauner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.14.480333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optical Control of Membrane Fluidity Modulates Protein Secretion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vps60 initiates formation of alternative membrane-bound ESCRT-III filaments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III)-driven membrane remodeling participates in many crucial cellular functions, from cell division to endosome maturation, and occurs on essentially all cellular organelles. In eukaryotes, ESCRT-III displays a remarkable molecular diversity in its subunits which may have been acquired through evolution to perform novel cellular functions. Here, we describe and characterize a novel ESCRT-III polymer initiated by the subunit Vps60. Membrane-bound Vps60 polymers recruit ESCRT-III subunits Vps2, Vps24, Did2 and Ist1, and undergo polymer turnover powered by the ATPase Vps4. Snf7- and Vps60 filaments can coexist on membranes without interacting. Their nucleation, polymerization and recruitment of downstream subunits remains unaffected by the presence of the respective other polymer. Taken together, our results suggest Vps60 and Snf7 form distinct ESCRT-III polymers, which overall, supports the notion of evolutionary diversification of ESCRT-III assemblies to perform specific cellular functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pfitzner, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zivkovic, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>humbert, f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vps60 initiates formation of alternative membrane-bound ESCRT-III filaments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.21.481265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antisense non-coding transcription represses the PHO5 model gene via remodelling of promoter chromatin structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.21.481265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pervasive transcription of eukaryotic genomes generates non-coding transcripts with regulatory potential. We examined the effects of non-coding antisense transcription on the regulation of expression of the yeast PHO5 gene, a paradigmatic case for gene regulation through promoter chromatin remodeling. A negative role for antisense transcription at the PHO5 gene locus was demonstrated by leveraging the level of overlapping antisense transcription through specific mutant backgrounds, expression from a strong promoter in cis, and use of the CRISPRi system. Furthermore, we showed that enhanced elongation of PHO5 antisense leads to a more repressive chromatin conformation at the PHO5 gene promoter, which is more slowly remodeled upon gene induction. The negative effect of antisense transcription on PHO5 gene transcription is mitigated upon inactivation of the histone deacetylase Rpd3, showing that PHO5 antisense RNA acts via histone deacetylation. This regulatory pathway leads to Rpd3-dependent decreased recruitment of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex to the PHO5 gene promoter upon induction of antisense transcription. Overall, the data in this work reveal an additional level in the complex regulatory mechanism of PHO5 gene expression by showing antisense transcription-mediated repression at the level of promoter chromatin structure remodeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Novacic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menendez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ljubas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbaric, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soudet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuparevic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.21.481265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antisense non-coding transcription represses the PHO5 model gene via remodelling of promoter chromatin structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Neural Model of Task Compositionality with Natural Language Instructions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWOne of humans most fundamental cognitive feats is the ability to interpret linguistic instructions in order to perform novel tasks without any explicit experience with the task. Yet, the computations that the brain might use to accomplish such a feat remains poorly understood. Here we use the latest advances in Natural Language Processing to create a neural model of generalization based on linguistic instructions. Models are trained on a set of commonly studied psychophysical tasks, and receive instructions embedded by a pre-trained language model. Our best models can perform a previously unseen task with a performance of 83% correct on average based solely on linguistic instructions (i.e. 0-shot learning). We found that language scaffolds sensorimotor representations such that activity for interrelated tasks share a common geometry with the semantic representations of instructions, allowing language to cue the proper composition of practiced skills in unseen settings. Finally, we show how this model can generate a linguistic description of a novel task it has identified using only motor feedback, which can subsequently guide a partner model to perform the task. Our models offer several experimentally testable predictions outlining how linguistic information must be represented in order to facilitate flexible and general cognition in the human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riveland, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.22.481293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Neural Model of Task Compositionality with Natural Language Instructions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.481659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complex effects of chytrid parasites on the growth of the cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens across interacting temperature and light gradients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.481659v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chytrids are important drivers of aquatic ecosystems as phytoplankton parasites. The interaction between these parasites and their hosts are shaped by abiotic factors such as temperature and light. Here, we performed a full-factorial experiment to study how temperature and light interact to affect the dynamics of the bloom-forming toxic cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens and its chytrid parasite. We used a dynamic host-parasite model to explore how temperature and light affect long term dynamics. At low temperatures, chytrids do not survive. Higher light and temperature levels stimulated both phytoplankton and chytrid growth, with complex effects on their dynamics. Model exploration indicates that increasing temperature and light shifts equilibrium outcomes from P. rubescens persisting alone to stable coexistence and then to limit cycles. This provides an alternative biological explanation for why P. rubescens is mainly found in the relatively cold and dark lake metalimnion - it may enable avoidance of its parasite. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating how abiotic factors interact with biotic interactions to drive complex outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wierenga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranjan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibelings, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.24.481659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complex effects of chytrid parasites on the growth of the cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens across interacting temperature and light gradients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.26.482077v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Salient 40 Hz sounds probe affective aversion and neural excitability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.26.482077v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human auditory system is not equally reactive to all frequencies of the audible spectrum. Emotional and behavioral reactions to loud or aversive acoustic features can vary from one individual to another, to the point that some exhibit exaggerated or even pathological responses to certain sounds. The neural mechanisms underlying these interindividual differences remain unclear. Whether distinct aversion profiles map onto neural excitability at the individual level needs to be tested. Here, we measured behavioral and EEG responses to click trains (from 10 to 250 Hz, spanning the roughness and pitch perceptual ranges) to test the hypothesis that interindividual variability in aversion to rough sounds is reflected in neural response differences between participants. Linking subjective aversion to 40 Hz steady-state EEG responses, we demonstrate that participants experiencing enhanced aversion to roughness also show stronger neural responses to this attribute. Interestingly, this pattern also correlates with inter-individual anxiety levels, suggesting that this personality trait might interact with subjective sensitivity and neural excitability to these sounds. These results support the idea that 40 Hz sounds can probe the excitability of non-canonical auditory systems involved in exogenous salience processing and aversive responses at the individual level. By linking subjective aversion to neural excitability, 40 Hz sounds provide neuromarkers relevant to a variety of pathological conditions, such as those featuring enhanced emotional sensitivity (hyperacusis, anxiety) or aberrant neural responses at 40 Hz (autism, schizophrenia).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schneefeld, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doelling, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchesotti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igloi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnal, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.26.482077</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Salient 40 Hz sounds probe affective aversion and neural excitability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional characterization of the thrombospondin-related paralogous proteins rhoptry discharge factor 1 and 2 unveils phenotypic plasticity in Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry exocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To gain access to the intracellular cytoplasmic niche essential for their growth and replication, apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii rely on the timely secretion of two types of apical organelles named micronemes and rhoptries. Rhoptry proteins are key to host cell invasion and remodelling, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the thight control of rhoptry discharge are poorly understood. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of two novel T. gondii thrombospondin-related proteins implicated in rhoptry exocytosis. The two proteins, already annotated as MIC15 and MIC14, were renamed rhoptry discharge factor 1 (RDF1) and rhoptry discharge factor 2 (RDF2) and found to be exclusive of the Coccidia class of apicomplexan parasites. Furthermore, they were shown to have a paralogous relationship and share a C-terminal transmembrane domain followed by a short cytoplasmic tail. Immunofluorescence analysis of T. gondii tachyzoites revealed that RDF1 presents a diffuse cytoplasmic localization not reminiscent of any know subcellular compartment, whereas RDF2 was not detected. Using a conditional knockout approach, we demonstrated that RDF1 loss caused a marked growth defect. The lack of the protein did not affect parasite gliding motility, host cell attachment, replication and egress, whereas invasion was dramatically reduced. Notably, while RDF1 depletion did not result in altered microneme exocytosis, rhoptry discharge was found to be heavily impaired. Interestingly, rhoptry secretion was partially reversed by spontaneous upregulation of the RDF2 gene in knockdown parasites grown under constant RDF1 repression. Collectively, our results identify RDF1 and RDF2 as additional key players in the pathway controlling rhoptry discharge. Furthermore, this study unveils a new example of compensatory mechanism contributing to phenotypic plasticity in T. gondii.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Possenti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Cristina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicastro, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lunghi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tramontana, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertuccini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.02.482699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional characterization of the thrombospondin-related paralogous proteins rhoptry discharge factor 1 and 2 unveils phenotypic plasticity in Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry exocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardio-audio synchronization elicits prediction in auditory sequences during human wakefulness and sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain can infer temporal regularities in auditory sequences with fixed sound-to-sound intervals and in pseudo-regular sequences where sound onsets are locked to cardiac inputs. Here, we investigated auditory and cardio-audio regularity encoding during sleep, when reduced vigilance may result in altered bodily and environmental stimulus processing. Using electroencephalography and electrocardiography in healthy volunteers (N=26) during wakefulness and sleep, we measured the response to unexpected sound omissions within three auditory regularity conditions: synchronous, where sound and heartbeat are temporally locked, isochronous, with fixed sound-to-sound intervals, and a control condition without specific regularity. During wakefulness and all sleep stages, the cardiac signal following sound omissions exhibited a deceleration over time in the synchronous condition only. At the neural level, both the synchronous and isochronous sequences gave rise to a neural omission response in wakefulness and N2 sleep. Regularity encoding in the synchronous and isochronous conditions was characterized by a modulation of the background oscillatory activity in N2 sleep, outlining a possible mechanism through which the brain aligns periods of high neuronal excitability to the expected sound onset. The violation of auditory and cardio-audio regularity elicits cardiac and neural surprise responses across vigilance stages.

Significance StatementAcross vigilance states, the human brain can generate predictions about the future based on past sensory regularities. While this is evident for environmental stimuli, the role of bodily signals in forming sensory prediction remains unknown. Here, we show that the human brain utilizes the temporal relationship between cardiac and auditory inputs in order to anticipate upcoming sounds during wakefulness and sleep. After presenting sounds in synchrony with the ongoing heartbeat, a sound omission elicited both a heartbeat deceleration and a prediction error signal as measured by the electroencephalographic response. Heartbeat signals support auditory regularity encoding during sleep and wakefulness, highlighting one mechanism for optimizing the detection of unexpected stimuli by taking advantage of the continuously monitored cardiac signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pelentritou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeiffer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Lucia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.03.482861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardio-audio synchronization elicits prediction in auditory sequences during human wakefulness and sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.482986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpreting dynamics of neural activity after dimensionality reduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.482986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dimensionality reduction methods are frequently used to analyze high-dimensional activity of cortical neuron populations during behavior. The resulting oscillatory trajectories that consistently emerge from this analysis have been interpreted as a signature of latent dynamical systems. Here, we show that these oscillatory trajectories necessarily result from applying dimensionality reduction methods on recordings that approximately exhibit continuous variation in time, regardless of whether or not the recorded system incorporates latent dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Proix, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perich, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milekovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.04.482986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpreting dynamics of neural activity after dimensionality reduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.08.483429v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geneticin shows selective antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.08.483429v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 is currently causing an unprecedented pandemic. While vaccines are massively deployed, we still lack effective large-scale antiviral therapies. In the quest for antivirals targeting conserved structures, we focused on molecules able to bind viral RNA secondary structures. Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics known to interact with the ribosomal RNA of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and have previously been shown to exert antiviral activities by interacting with viral RNA. Here we show that the aminoglycoside geneticin is endowed with antiviral activity against all tested variants of SARS-CoV-2, in different cell lines and in a respiratory tissue model at non-toxic concentrations. The mechanism of action is an early inhibition of RNA replication and protein expression related to a decrease in the efficiency of the -1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (PRF) signal of SARS-CoV-2. Using in silico modelling, we have identified a potential binding site of geneticin in the pseudoknot of frameshift RNA motif. Moreover, we have selected, through virtual screening, additional RNA binding compounds, interacting with the same site with increased potency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Varricchio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapparel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brancale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cagno, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.08.483429</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geneticin shows selective antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficacy and safety of a patch containing adipose-derived stem cells for skin wound healing. Results form a comprehensive pre-clinical evaluation program 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies are emerging as innovative approaches to treat chronic wounds. A common administration route used in clinical trials consists of local injections leading to uncontrolled/sub-optimal delivery. This study reports a comprehensive pre-clinical evaluation program on the mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of an easy-to-use patch that concentrates Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) in a clinical-grade sponge of porcine crosslinked-gelatin. ASCs were prepared from the fat of ischemic patients. Transcriptome and proteome of ASC-patches and ASC monolayers were assessed by microarrays, bio-arrays and mass spectrometry. Tumorigenesis was investigated in immunosuppressed mice according to the European Pharmacopeia. Angiogenesis was assessed in vivo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Efficacy of the ASC-patch was tested in a rat model of ischemic full-thickness skin defect. Cell stability was assessed by luminescence using ASC-patches generated from ASCs stably transduced with firefly luciferase. ASCs from ischemic patients upregulated the transcription of multiple genes involved in skin wound healing when cultured within the ASC-patch formulation. The patch was not only a concentrator, but also a reservoir of both ASC-derived regenerative factors and sponge-derived soluble fragments having healing capacity. The secretome of the ASC-patch promoted dermal fibroblast survival and epidermal epithelialization. No tumor formation was observed in immunodeficient Nude mice subcutaneously transplanted with the ASC-patch. Transplanted patches were early invaded by new vessels in vivo, and a marked angiogenesis was confirmed in two independent animal models. Finally, ASC-patches prepared from syngeneic rats promoted faster healing and re-vascularization of full-thickness skin defects in a rat animal model. Of note, ASCs were viable and locally stable for at least two weeks in vivo. We provide here compelling pre-clinical evidence that patches concentrating ASCs within crosslinked gelatin may represent a convenient and effective tool for the management of chronic wounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brembilla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modarressi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andre Levigne, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brioudes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanza, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuagnat, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durual, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehncke, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krause, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preynat-Seauve, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.09.483580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of a patch containing adipose-derived stem cells for skin wound healing. Results form a comprehensive pre-clinical evaluation program]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and regulation of the Myotonic dystrophy kinase-Related Cdc42-binding Kinase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Remodeling of the cytoskeleton underlies myriad processes essential for life. Protein kinases of the DMPK family are critical regulators of actomyosin contractility in cells. In the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, MRCK1 is required for the activation of myosin, leading to the development of cortical tension, apical constriction and early gastrulation. Here, we present the structure, conformation, and membrane-binding properties of C. elegans MRCK1. MRCK1 forms an obligate homodimer with N-terminal kinase domains, a parallel coiled-coil of 55 nm, and a C-terminal tripartite module of C1, PH and CNH domains. High-throughput liposome binding assays indicate binding to specific phosphoinositides, while the C-terminal Cdc42-binding (CRIB) motif binds specifically to activated Cdc42. The length of the coiled-coil domain of MRCK, as well as those of the related DMPK kinases ROCK, CRIK and DMPK, is remarkably conserved over millions of years of evolution, suggesting that they may function as molecular rulers to precisely position kinase activity at a fixed distance from the membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Truebestein, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waltenberger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavin, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.483953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and regulation of the Myotonic dystrophy kinase-Related Cdc42-binding Kinase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Not1 and Not4 inversely determine mRNA solubility that sets the dynamics of co-translational events 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe Ccr4-Not complex is most well known as the major eukaryotic deadenylase. However, several studies have uncovered roles of the complex, in particular of the Not subunits, unrelated to deadenylation and relevant for translation. In particular, the existence of Not condensates that regulate translation elongation dynamics have been reported. Typical studies that evaluate translation efficiency rely on soluble extracts obtained after disruption of cells and ribosome profiling. Yet cellular mRNAs in condensates can be actively translated and may not be present in such extracts.

ResultsIn this work, by analyzing soluble and insoluble mRNA decay intermediates in yeast, we determine that insoluble mRNAs are enriched for ribosomes dwelling at non-optimal codons compared to soluble mRNAs. mRNA decay is higher for soluble RNAs, but the proportion of co-translational degradation relative to the overall mRNA decay is higher for insoluble mRNAs. We show that depletion of Not1 and Not4 inversely impact mRNA solubilities and, for soluble mRNAs, ribosome dwelling according to codon optimality. Depletion of Not4 solubilizes mRNAs with lower non-optimal codon content and higher expression that are rendered insoluble by Not1 depletion. By contrast, depletion of Not1 solubilizes mitochondrial mRNAs, which are rendered insoluble upon Not4 depletion.

ConclusionOur results reveal that mRNA solubility defines dynamics of co-translation events and is oppositely regulated by Not1 and Not4, a mechanism that we additionally determine may already be set by Not1 promoter association in the nucleus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panasenko, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanyi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagatti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaughency, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corden, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polte, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignatova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelechano, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collart, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.14.484207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Not1 and Not4 inversely determine mRNA solubility that sets the dynamics of co-translational events]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.16.484567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase separated ribosome nascent chain complexes paused in translation are capable to continue expression of proteins playing role in genotoxic stress response upon DNA damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.16.484567v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
EDTA- and RNase-resistant ribonucleoprotein complexes of arrested ribosomes with protruding nascent polypeptide chains have recently been described in yeast and human cells. These complexes have been termed assemblysomes, a type of soluble condensates distinct from other known granules. Here, we use bioinformatics to identify additional proteins that likely form assemblysomes during translation. We characterize soluble condensates of the DNA helicase Sgs1, one such identified protein and a key player in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks in yeast. We show that paused ribosome-associated nascent chains of Sgs1 in condensates are able to resume translation upon UV irradiation, consistent with the return of mRNA to the ribosome pool. By extending our studies to human cell lines, we found that EDTA-resistant pellets of ribosomes from the human prostate cancer cell line DU145 are sensitive to treatment with 1,6-hexanediol, which is known to dissolve liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates. In addition, transmission electron microscopy shows that 1,6-hexanediol dissolves ring ribosomal structures from the cytoplasm of radioresistant A549 cells while making the cells more sensitive to X-rays. These results suggest that the stress response is based on a conserved mechanism involving the regulated return of phase-separated paused ribosome-nascent chain complexes to translating ribosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nemeth-Szatmari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gyorkei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varga, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>H.Kovacs, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igaz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemet, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagy-Miko, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balogh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razga, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdelyi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papp, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiricsi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blastyak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M. Boros, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanyi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.16.484567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase separated ribosome nascent chain complexes paused in translation are capable to continue expression of proteins playing role in genotoxic stress response upon DNA damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and functional insight into the plant unique multimodular triphosphosphate tunnel metalloenzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Triphosphate tunnel metalloenzymes (TTMs) are found in all biological kingdoms and have been characterized in microorganisms and animals. Members of the TTM family already characterized have divergent biological functions and act on a range of triphosphorylated substrates (RNA, thiamine triphosphate, inorganic polyphosphate). TTM proteins in plants have received considerably less attention and are unique in that some homologs harbor additional domains including a P-loop kinase and transmembrane domain. Here we report on structural and functional aspects of the multimodular TTM1 and TTM2 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Tissue and cellular microscopy studies show that both AtTTM1 and AtTTM2 are expressed in actively dividing (meristem) tissue and are tail-anchored proteins at the outer mitochondrial membrane - mediated by the single transmembrane domain at the C-terminus, supporting earlier studies. Crystal structures of AtTTM1 in the presence and absence of a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog reveal a catalytically incompetent TTM tunnel domain tightly interacting with the P-loop kinase domain that is locked in an inactive conformation. Structural comparison reveals that a helical hairpin may facilitate movement of the TTM domain thereby activating the kinase. Genetic studies show that AtTTM2 is important for the developmental transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase in Arabidopsis, whereas its closest paralog AtTTM1 is not. Rational design of mutations based on the 3D structure demonstrates that both the P-loop kinase and TTM tunnel modules of AtTTM2 are required for the developmental switch.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pesquera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loubery, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steensma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.18.484887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and functional insight into the plant unique multimodular triphosphosphate tunnel metalloenzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.484343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interacting active surfaces: a model for three-dimensional cell aggregates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.484343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce a modelling and simulation framework for cell aggregates in three dimensions based on interacting active surfaces. Cell mechanics is captured by a physical description of the acto-myosin cortex that includes cortical flows, viscous forces, active tensions, and bending moments. Cells interact with each other via short-range forces capturing the effect of adhesion molecules. We discretise the model constitutive equations using a finite element method, and provide a parallel implementation in C++. We discuss examples of application of this framework to simulations involving small and medium-sized aggregates: we consider the shape and dynamics of a cell doublet, a planar cell sheet, and a growing cell aggregate. This framework opens the door to the systematic exploration of the cell to tissue-scale mechanics of cell aggregates, which plays a key role in the morphogenesis of embryos and organoids.

Author summaryUnderstanding how tissue-scale morphogenesis arises from cell mechanics and cell-cell interactions is a fundamental question in developmental biology. Here we propose a mathematical and numerical framework to address this question. In this framework, each cell is described as an active surface representing the cell acto-myosin cortex, subjected to flows and shape changes according to active tensions, and to interaction with neighbouring cells in the tissue. Our method describes cellular processes such as cortical flows, cell adhesion, and cell shape changes in a deforming three-dimensional cellular aggregate. To solve the equations numerically, we employ a finite element discretisation, which allows us to solve for flows and cell shape changes with arbitrary resolution. We discuss applications of our framework to describe cell-cell adhesion in doublets, three-dimensional cell shape in a simple epithelium, and three-dimensional growth of a cell aggregate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Torres-Sanchez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.21.484343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interacting active surfaces: a model for three-dimensional cell aggregates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal dynamics of cognitive flexibility in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a high density EEG study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognitive rigidity is a core symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN) and is associated with treatment resistance. Nevertheless, studies on the neural basis of cognitive flexibility (CF) in adolescent AN are rare.

The aim of this study was to investigate temporal brain dynamics of CF in adolescents with AN and their tendency to experience anxiety. To address this aim, participants performed a Dimensional Change Card Sorting task during high-density EEG recording. Transient state and stable traits of anxiety were measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data were collected on 22 girls with AN, and 23 healthy controls (HC) (aged 12-20 years old). Evoked potentials were investigated using microstates analysis. Effects of trait and state anxiety on microstates parameters were investigated performing correlations across groups and in the AN group only.

Adolescents with AN did not differ from HC with respect to behavioral switching cost, despite a greater overall accuracy. Adolescents with AN showed altered visual orienting processes (N100 micro-state), and earlier attentional processing to task switching (P300b microstate) when compared to HC. Reduced activation in a network involving the pre-central cortex, the cerebellum, and the posterior cingulate was identified in adolescents with AN. Trait and state anxiety were correlated with atypical AN microstates across groups.

The present findings suggest CF manifests with inefficient behavioral and neural strategies in adolescents with AN, at early stages in the illness. Additionally, this study provides evidence that transient and stable tendencies to experience anxiety could represent a vulnerability to developing CF impairments in adolescent AN.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berchio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annen, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouamoud, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micali, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.24.485666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal dynamics of cognitive flexibility in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a high density EEG study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic glyco-profiling and rewiring of insulated flagellin glycosylation pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycosylation of surface structures diversifies cells chemically and physically. Sialic acids commonly serve as glycosyl donors, particularly pseudaminic (Pse) or legionaminic acid (Leg) that prominently decorate eubacterial and archaeal surface layers or appendages. We investigated a new class of FlmG protein glycosyltransferases that modify flagellin, the structural subunit of the flagellar filament. Functional insulation of orthologous Pse and Leg biosynthesis pathways accounted for the flagellin glycosylation specificity and motility conferred by the cognate FlmG in the -proteobacteria Caulobacter crescentus and Brevundimonas subvibrioides, respectively. Exploiting these functions, we conducted genetic glyco-profiling to classify Pse or Leg biosynthesis pathways and we used heterologous reconstitution experiments to unearth a signature determinant of Leg biosynthesis in eubacteria and archaea. These findings and our chimeric FlmG analyses reveal two modular determinants that govern flagellin glycosyltransferase specificity: a glycosyltransferase domain that accepts either Leg or Pse and that uses specialized flagellin-binding domain to identify the substrate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kint, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.25.485807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic glyco-profiling and rewiring of insulated flagellin glycosylation pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.26.485947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of the connexin-43 gap junction channel reveals a closed sieve-like molecular gate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.26.485947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gap junction channels (GJCs) mediate intercellular communication by connecting two neighboring cells and enabling direct exchange of ions and small molecules. Cell coupling via connexin-43 (Cx43) GJCs is important in a wide range of cellular processes in health and disease 1-3, yet the structural basis of Cx43 function and regulation has not been determined until now. Here we describe the structure of a human Cx43 GJC solved by cryo-EM and single particle analysis at 2.26 [A] resolution. The pore region of Cx43 GJC features several lipid-like densities per Cx43 monomer, located close to a putative lateral access site at the monomer boundary. We found a previously undescribed conformation on the cytosolic side of the pore, formed by the N-terminal domain and the transmembrane helix 2 of Cx43 and stabilized by a small molecule. Structures of the Cx43 GJC and hemichannels in nanodiscs reveal a similar gate arrangement. The features of the Cx43 GJC and hemichannel cryo-EM maps and the channel properties revealed by molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the captured states of Cx43 are consistent with a closed state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acosta-Gutierrez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavriha, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Othman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Pigozzi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayraktar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuster, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picotti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamboni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bortolozzi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korkhov, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.26.485947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of the connexin-43 gap junction channel reveals a closed sieve-like molecular gate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.28.486037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rhythmic modulation of prediction errors: a possible role for the beta-range in speech processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.28.486037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural speech perception requires processing the current acoustic input while keeping in mind the preceding one and predicting the next. This complex computational problem could be handled by a multi timescale hierarchical inferential process that coordinates information flow up and down the language hierarchy. While theta and low-gamma neural frequency scales are convincingly involved in bottom-up syllable-tracking and phoneme-level speech encoding, the beta rhythm is more loosely associated with top-down processes without being assigned yet a specific computational function. Here we tested the hypothesis that the beta rhythm drives the precision of states during the speech recognition hierarchical inference process. We used a predictive coding model that recognizes syllables on-line in natural sentences, in which the precision of prediction errors is rhythmically modulated, resulting in alternating bottom-up vs. top-down processing regimes. We show that recognition performance increases with the rate of precision updates, with an optimal efficacy in the beta range (around 20 Hz). The model further performs when prediction errors pertaining respectively to syllable timing and syllable identity oscillate in antiphase. These results suggest that online syllable recognition globally benefits from the alternation of bottom-up and top-down dominant regime at beta rate, and that the gain is stronger when different features are also analyzed in alternation. These results speak to a discontinuous account of inferential operations in speech processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hovsepyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olasagasti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.28.486037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rhythmic modulation of prediction errors: a possible role for the beta-range in speech processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recurrent but short-lived duplications of centromeric proteins in holocentric Caenorhabditis species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeric histones (CenH3s) are essential for chromosome inheritance during cell division in most eukaryotes. CenH3 genes have rapidly evolved and undergone repeated gene duplications and diversification in many plant and animal species. In Caenorhabditis, two independent duplications of CenH3 (named hcp-3 for HoloCentric chromosome-binding Protein 3) have been previously identified: in C. elegans and C. remanei. Here, using phylogenomic analyses in Caenorhabditis, we find strict retention of the ancestral hcp-3 gene and eight additional independent hcp-3 duplications, most of which are only found in one or two species. hcp-3L (hcp-3-like) paralogs are expressed in both sexes (males and females/ hermaphrodites) and have a conserved histone fold domain. We identified novel N-terminal protein motifs, including putative kinetochore protein-interacting motifs and a potential separase cleavage site, which are well-conserved across Caenorhabditis HCP-3 proteins. Other N-terminal motifs vary in their retention across paralogs or species, revealing potential sub-functionalization or functional loss following duplication. C. afra encodes an unprecedented protein fusion, where the hcp-3 paralog fused to duplicated segments from hcp-4 (nematode CENP-C). Extending our analyses beyond CenH3, we found gene duplications of six inner and outer kinetochore genes in Caenorhabditis, including co-retention of different kinetochore protein paralogs in a few species. Our findings suggest that centromeric protein duplications occur frequently in Caenorhabditis nematodes, are selectively retained under purifying selection but only for short evolutionary periods, then degenerate or are lost entirely. We hypothesize that unique challenges associated with holocentricity in Caenorhabditis may lead to this rapid  revolving door of kinetochore protein paralogs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ailion, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.31.486469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recurrent but short-lived duplications of centromeric proteins in holocentric Caenorhabditis species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.486694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deep hierarchy of predictions enables assignment of semantic roles in real-time speech comprehension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.486694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding speech requires mapping fleeting and often ambiguous soundwaves to meaning. While humans are known to exploit their capacity to contextualize to facilitate this process, how internal knowledge is deployed on-line remains an open question. Here, we present a model that extracts multiple levels of information from continuous speech online. The model applies linguistic and nonlinguistic knowledge to speech processing, by periodically generating top-down predictions and incorporating bottom-up incoming evidence in a nested temporal hierarchy. We show that a nonlinguistic context level provides semantic predictions informed by sensory inputs, which are crucial for disambiguating among multiple meanings of the same word. The explicit knowledge hierarchy of the model enables a more holistic account of the neurophysiological responses to speech compared to using lexical predictions generated by a neural-network language model (GPT-2). We also show that hierarchical predictions reduce peripheral processing via minimizing uncertainty and prediction error. With this proof-of-concept model we demonstrate that the deployment of hierarchical predictions is a possible strategy for the brain to dynamically utilize structured knowledge and make sense of the speech input.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olasagasti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.01.486694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deep hierarchy of predictions enables assignment of semantic roles in real-time speech comprehension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.09.487731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temperature and resources interact to shape phytoplankton size-abundance relationships at a continental scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.09.487731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Communities contain more individuals of small species and fewer individuals of large species. The observed -3/4 slope relating mean size and mean abundance across communities (the  cross-community scaling relationship or CCSR) is thought to arise from a 3/4-power scaling of metabolic rate with body size. Assuming that 3/4-power metabolic scaling is universal, as claimed by the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE), size-abundance relationships should also be invariant with a scaling exponent of -3/4 or nearly so, across environmental conditions. However, we find that the CCSR slope is actually -1 overall (perhaps due to isometric metabolic scaling), and varies substantially across temperature and nutrient gradients in 1048 freshwater lake phytoplankton communities in the USA. The size-abundance relationship is most shallow at low temperatures and high nutrients, and steeper and relatively insensitive to nutrients at high temperatures. Phytoplankton communities have orders of magnitude more small or large cells depending on environmental conditions than would be predicted from the MTE. Although based on observational data, these results suggest that the environment alters either metabolic scaling or other poorly understood processes shaping community size distributions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gjoni, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glazier, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibelings, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.09.487731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temperature and resources interact to shape phytoplankton size-abundance relationships at a continental scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Interplay of Attention and Conscious Perception: Evidence from Human Intracerebral Recordings and Computational Modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How do attention and consciousness interact in the human brain? Rival theories of consciousness disagree on the role of fronto-parietal attentional networks in conscious perception. We recorded neural activity from 727 intracerebral contacts in 13 epileptic patients, while they detected near-threshold targets preceded by attentional cues. Unsupervised clustering revealed three patterns: (1) Attention-enhanced conscious report accompanied sustained right-hemisphere fronto-temporal activity, in networks connected by the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) II-III, and late accumulation in bilateral dorso-prefrontal and right-hemisphere orbitofrontal cortex (SLF I-III). (2) Attentional reorienting affected conscious report through early, sustained activity in a right-hemisphere network (SLF III). (3) Conscious report accompanied left-hemisphere dorsolateral-prefrontal activity. Task modeling with recurrent neural networks identified specific excitatory and inhibitory interactions between attention and consciousness, and their causal contribution to conscious perception of near-threshold targets. Thus, distinct, hemisphere-asymmetric fronto-parietal networks support attentional gain and reorienting in shaping human conscious experience.

One-Sentence SummaryIntracerebral recordings, tractography and modeling reveal the interaction of attention and consciousness in the human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayle, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spagna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sitt, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgeois, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehongre, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Vidal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambrecq, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malkinson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolomeo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.10.487690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Interplay of Attention and Conscious Perception: Evidence from Human Intracerebral Recordings and Computational Modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.487993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SNARE Sec22b regulates phagosome maturation by promoting ORP8-mediated PI(4)P exchange at ER-phagosome contact sites. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.487993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The precise control of phagosome maturation is critical for innate and adaptive immunity, determining whether phagocytosed material is destroyed or used to present antigens. We observed previously that non-fusogenic contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and phagosomes, called membrane contact sites (MCS), are tethered by the calcium regulator STIM1 and fine-tune phagosomal maturation. The secretory pathway SNARE protein Sec22b has been implicated in controlling phagocytosis, phagosome maturation and antigen presentation, though its effects are controversial, and its mechanism of action poorly understood. Recently, Sec22b was shown to tether MCS at the plasma membrane without mediating membrane fusion. Here, we show that Sec22b localizes to and regulates the frequency of ER-phagosome contacts independently of STIM proteins. Sec22b knockdown and overexpression of a an MCS-disrupting mutant Sec22b-P33 induced only mild or no effect on global and local calcium signalling. However, Sec22b knockdown altered phagosomal phospholipids including PI(3)P, PI(4)P and PS, but not PI(4,5)P2. Increased PI(4)P in shSec22b cells was rescued by re-expression of Sec22b or the artificial MCS tether MAPPER but not the P33 mutant. Moreover, Sec22b co-precipitated and was co-recruited to phagosomes with the PS/PI(4)P lipid exchange protein ORP8. Expression of wild-type, but not mutant ORP8, also rescued phagosomal PI(4)P. Concordantly, Sec22b, MAPPER and ORP8 but not P33 or the ORP8 mutant decreased phagolysosome fusion in shSec22b cells. These results clarify a novel mechanism through which Sec22b controls phagosome maturation and beg a reassessment of the relative contribution of Sec22b-mediated fusion versus tethering to phagosome biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Criado Santos, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouvet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermont, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castelbou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansour, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giordano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes-Hasler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.487993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SNARE Sec22b regulates phagosome maturation by promoting ORP8-mediated PI(4)P exchange at ER-phagosome contact sites.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.488000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Supramolecular architecture of the ER-mitochondria encounter structure in its native environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.488000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are main hubs of eukaryotic membrane biogenesis which rely on lipid exchange via membrane contact sites, but the underpinning mechanisms remain poorly understood. In yeast, tethering and lipid transfer between the two organelles is mediated by the ER-mitochondria encounter structure ERMES, a four-subunit complex of unclear stoichiometry and architecture. We determined the molecular organization of ERMES within cells using integrative structural biology, combining quantitative live-imaging, cryo-correlative microscopy, subtomogram averaging and molecular modeling. ERMES assembles into approximately 25 discrete bridge-like complexes distributed irregularly across a contact site. Each bridge consists of three lipid-binding SMP domains arranged in zig-zag fashion. Our molecular model of ERMES reveals an unconventional restrained pathway for lipids. These findings resolve a supramolecular architecture controlling interorganelle lipid fluxes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wozny, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Luca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morado, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukulski, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.488000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Supramolecular architecture of the ER-mitochondria encounter structure in its native environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.488054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of two bZIP transcription factors that regulate development of pavement and trichome cells in Arabidopsis thaliana by single-cell RNA-sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.488054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epidermal cells are the main avenue for signal and material exchange between plants and the environment. Leaf epidermal cells primarily include pavement cells (PCs), guard cells, and trichomes cells (TCs), which differentiate from protodermal cells or meristemoids. The development and distribution of different epidermal cells are tightly regulated by a complex transcriptional regulatory network mediated by phytohormones, including jasmonic acid (JA), and transcription factors. Understanding how the fate of leaf epidermal cells is determined, however, is still largely unknown due to the diversity of cell types and the complexity of its regulation. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of epidermal cells in 3-day-old true leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana using single-cell RNA-sequencing. We identified two genes encoding BASIC LEUCINE-ZIPPER (bZIP) transcription factors, namely the bZIP25 and bZIP53, which are highly expressed in PCs and early-stage meristemoid cells. Densities of PCs and TCs were found to increase and decrease, respectively, in bzip25 and bzip53 mutants, compared with wild-type plants. This trend was more pronounced in the presence of JA, suggesting that these transcription factors regulate the development of TCs and PCs in response to JA.

IN A NUTSHELLO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSLeaf epidermal cells, comprised of trichome cells (TCs), guard cells (GCs), and pavement cells (PCs), are responsible for exchanging materials and information between plants and the surrounding aerial environment. Many genes have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana and confirmed to be involved in the initiation and differentiation of TCs and PCs. The fate determination of TCs and PCs is tightly regulated by positive and negative regulators at the cellular level. The precise underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the fate determination of TCs and PCs, however, are still unclear at this time.

QuestionWhat are the transcriptomic profiles of different leaf epidermal cell types? Can we dissect the genes that are specifically expressed in certain epidermal cell types? What kinds of transcription factors are involved in regulating the fate determination of TCs and PCs?

FindingsWe performed single cell RNA-seq to investigate the transcriptomic profiles of different leaf epidermal cell types and identified differentially expressed genes in each cell type. We found that genes that are involved in jasmonic acid signaling are highly expressed in early-stage meristemoid (EM) cells which can act as the precursor of PCs and perhaps of TCs. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying EM development, we identified the transcription factors (TFs) in EM cells and found that two bZIP TF genes, bZIP25 and bZIP53, are highly expressed in EMs. Further analyses of these two genes using both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches indicated that bZIP25 and bZIP53 are functionally involved in promoting trichome formation but inhibit pavement cell development in response to jasmonic acid.

Next stepsBesides of bZIP25 and bZIP53, we also identified other key genes, for example FES1B, in leaf epidermal cells. Our next step will be to explore the regulation of other key genes involved in the fate determination of different cell types in leaf epidermis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bawa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochaix, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera-Estrella, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, L.-S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.488054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of two bZIP transcription factors that regulate development of pavement and trichome cells in Arabidopsis thaliana by single-cell RNA-sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.14.488348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
This is GlycoQL 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.14.488348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationWe have previously designed and implemented a tree-based ontology to represent glycan structures with the aim of searching these structures with a glyco-driven syntax. This resulted in creating the GlySTreeM knowledge-base as a linchpin of the matching procedure and we now introduce a query language, called GlycoQL, for the actual implementation of a glycan structure search.

ResultsThe methodology is described and illustrated with a use-case focused on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein glycosylation. We show how to enhance site annotation with federated queries involving UniProt and GlyConnect, our glycoprotein database.

Availabilitycurrently only available for reviewers at: https://beta.glyconnect.expasy.org/glycoql/

Contactcatherine.hayes@unige.ch; frederique.lisacek@sib.swiss

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at https://glyconnect.expasy.org/glystreem/wiki.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hayes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daponte, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariethoz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LISACEK, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.14.488348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[This is GlycoQL]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.15.488522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C/EBPα confers dependence to fatty acid anabolic pathways and vulnerability to lipid oxidative stress in FLT3-mutant leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.15.488522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While transcription factor C/AAT-enhancer binding protein  (C/EBP) is critical for normal and leukemic differentiation, its role on cell and metabolic homeostasis is largely unknown in cancer. Here, multi-omics analyses uncovered a coordinated activation of C/EBP and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) that increased lipid anabolism in vivo and in patients with FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mechanistically, C/EBP regulated FASN-SCD axis to promote fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis and desaturation. We further demonstrated that FLT3 or C/EBP inactivation decreased mono-unsaturated FAs incorporation to membrane phospholipids through SCD downregulation. Consequently, SCD inhibition enhanced susceptibility to lipid redox stress. Moreover, this C/EBP-dependent adaptation of FA homeostasis was exploited by combining FLT3 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibition to trigger lipid oxidative stress, enhancing ferroptotic death of FLT3-mutant AML cells. Altogether, our study reveals a C/EBP function in lipid homeostasis and adaptation to redox stress, and a previously unreported vulnerability of FLT3-mutant AML with promising therapeutic application.

SIGNIFICANCEThe transcription factor C/EBP is as a master regulator of normal and leukemic myeloid differentiation. Here, we discovered that C/EBP regulates fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolic adaptation to redox imbalance in leukemic cells. This confers a vulnerability to lipid oxidative stress to FLT3-mutant cells and supports novel therapeutic opportunities for patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sabatier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birsen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamburini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarry, J.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.15.488522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C/EBPα confers dependence to fatty acid anabolic pathways and vulnerability to lipid oxidative stress in FLT3-mutant leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebral activity in monkeys Papio anubis during the perception of conspecific and heterospecific agonistic vocalizations: A functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Are conspecific emotional vocalizations special? Although often investigated in non-human primates using functional magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography, it remains unclear whether the listening of conspecific vocal emotions leads to similar or different cerebral activations when compared to heterospecific calls (i.e. expressed by another primate species). Using a neuroimaging technique rarely employed in monkeys so far, functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), the present study investigated cortical temporal activities during exposure to both conspecific and heterospecific calls in three female adult baboons (Papio anubis). The three subjects were lightly anesthetized and passively exposed to agonistic baboon and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) vocalizations, as well as energy matched white noises in order to control for this low-level acoustic feature. Despite inter-individual variabilities, permutation test analyses on the extracted OxyHemoglobin signal revealed for two subjects out of three significant differences between the passive listening of baboon versus chimpanzee stimuli. Additionally, in one subject, a modulation of the left temporal cortex activity was found for the perception of baboon calls contrasted to chimpanzee vocalizations as well as for the passive listening of baboon white noises compared to chimpanzee ones. Although the lack of generalization of those findings in all three subjects prevents us to drawn any conclusion and that more subjects would be needed, the hypothesis that baboons cortical temporal regions may be more sensitive to the processing of conspecific sounds compared to heterospecific stimuli is not excluded. Our study highlights that fNIRS may be a promising alternative to further investigate the auditory mechanisms at play in the right and left baboons temporal cortices for the processing of emotional vocalizations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Debracque, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacoste, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meguerditchian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.21.489037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebral activity in monkeys Papio anubis during the perception of conspecific and heterospecific agonistic vocalizations: A functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.26.489394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preterm infants voice processing is mediated by voice familiarity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.26.489394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To understand the consequences of prematurity on language perception it is fundamental to determine how atypical early sensory experience affects brain development. To date the neural oscillatory correlates in the time-frequency domain of voice processing as a function of atypical early sensory experience, as after premature birth, remain elusive. At term equivalent age, ten preterm and ten full-term newborns underwent high-density EEG recordings during mother or stranger speech presentation, presented in the forward (naturalistic) or backward order. A general group effect terms > preterms for the naturalistic mothers voice is evident in the theta frequency band in the left temporal area, where only full-term newborns showed an increased activity for the mothers voice, whereas preterm infants showed significant activation for stranger naturalistic speech. Similarly, a significant group contrast in the low and high theta in the right temporal regions indicates higher activations for the strangers speech in preterms. Finally, only full-term newborns presented a late gamma band increase for the maternal naturalistic speech, indicating a more mature brain response.

The current study based on neural time-frequency patterns, demonstrates that preterm infants lack selective brain responses to mothers naturalistic voice typical for full-term newborns, whereas preterms are selectively responsive to stranger voices in both temporal hemispheres.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Filippa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam-Darque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huppi, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.26.489394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preterm infants voice processing is mediated by voice familiarity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.489993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hunter-gatherer oral microbiomes are shaped by contact network structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.489993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ancestral humans evolved a complex social structure still observed in extant hunter-gatherers. Here we investigate the effects of extensive sociality and mobility on the oral microbiome of 138 Agta hunter-gatherers from the Philippines. Comparisons of microbiome composition showed that the Agta are more similar to Central African Bayaka hunter-gatherers than to neighboring farmers. We also defined the Agta social microbiome as a set of 137 oral bacteria (only 7% of 1980 amplicon sequence variants) significantly influenced by social contact (quantified through wireless sensors of short-range interactions). We show that interaction networks covering large areas, and their strong links between close kin, spouses, and even unrelated friends, can significantly predict bacterial transmission networks across Agta camps. Finally, more central individuals to social networks are also bacterial supersharers. We conclude that hunter-gatherer social microbiomes, which are predominantly pathogenic, were shaped by evolutionary tradeoffs between extensive sociality and disease spread.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Musciotto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenacre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyble, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viguier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhary, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salali, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerbault, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaepfer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Astete, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngales, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Gardenes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latora, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battiston, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertranpetit, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinicius, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migliano, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.03.489993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hunter-gatherer oral microbiomes are shaped by contact network structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extrinsic regulation of interneuron specification and migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the human brain might lead to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders including cortical malformations, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders. We propose that the extracellular environment regulates interneuron differentiation and migration during development, ultimately affecting the excitatory/inhibitory balance.

Using ventral cerebral organoids and dorso-ventral cerebral assembloids with mutations in the extracellular matrix gene LGALS3BP, we show that the composition of the extracellular environment regulates the molecular differentiation of neurons, resulting in alterations in migratory dynamics. To investigate how the extracellular environment affects neuronal specification and migration, we characterized the protein content of extracellular vesicles from cerebral organoids carrying a mutation in LGALS3BP, previously identified in individuals with cortical malformations and neuropsychiatric disorders. These results revealed differences in protein composition. Interestingly, proteins associated with cell-fate decision, neuronal migration and extracellular matrix composition were altered in mutant extracellular vesicles. Moreover, we show that treatment with extracellular vesicles changes the transcriptomic profile in neural progenitor cells. Our results indicate that neuronal molecular differentiation is regulated by factors released into the extracellular environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pipicelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Giaimo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyrousi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonrath, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cappello, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.03.490384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extrinsic regulation of interneuron specification and migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.04.490659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effect of motor-induced shaft dynamics on microtubule stability and length 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.04.490659v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Control of microtubule abundance, stability, and length is crucial to regulate intracellular transport as well as cell polarity and division. How microtubule stability depends on tubulin addition or removal at the dynamic ends is well studied. However, microtubule rescue, the event when a microtubule switches from shrinking to growing, occurs at tubulin exchange sites along the shaft. Molecular motors have recently been shown to promote such exchanges. Using a stochastic theoretical description, we study how microtubule stability and length depends on motor-induced tubulin exchange and thus rescue. Our theoretical description matches our in vitro experiments on microtubule dynamics in presence of kinesin-1 molecular motors. Although the average microtubule dynamics can be captured by an effective rescue rate, the dynamics of individual microtubules differs dramatically when rescue occurs only at exchange sites. Furthermore, we study in detail a transition from bounded to unbounded microtubule growth. Our results provide novel insights into how molecular motors imprint information of microtubule stability on the microtubule network.

SIGNIFICANCEThe microtubule network is essential for vital cellular processes like the organization of intracellular transport and division. Although microtubule assembly occurs at its tips, it has recently been reported that tubulin is exchanged along the microtubule shaft. Tubulin exchange plays an essential role in regulating microtubule dynamics and can be induced by molecular motors. Here, we provide the first systematic study of the impact of shaft dynamics on the regulation of rescue events, where a microtubule switches from shrinking to growing. Our results illustrate how the usage of microtubules as tracks for intracellular transport regulates the microtubule network and thus offers a novel perspective on intracellular organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schaer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreu-Carbo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.04.490659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effect of motor-induced shaft dynamics on microtubule stability and length]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reproducibility of in-vivo electrophysiological measurements in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding brain function relies on the collective work of many labs generating reproducible results. However, reproducibility has not been systematically assessed within the context of electrophysiological recordings during cognitive behaviors. To address this, we formed a multi-lab collaboration using a shared, open-source behavioral task and experimental apparatus. Experimenters in ten laboratories repeatedly targeted Neuropixels probes to the same location (spanning secondary visual areas, hippocampus, and thalamus) in mice making decisions; this generated a total of 121 experimental replicates, a unique dataset for evaluating reproducibility of electrophysiology experiments. Despite standardizing both behavioral and electrophysiological procedures, some experimental outcomes were highly variable. A closer analysis uncovered that variability in electrode targeting hindered reproducibility, as did the limited statistical power of some routinely used electrophysiological analyses, such as single-neuron tests of modulation by individual task parameters. Reproducibility was enhanced by histological and electrophysiological quality-control criteria. Our observations suggest that data from systems neuroscience is vulnerable to a lack of reproducibility, but that across-lab standardization, including metrics we propose, can serve to mitigate this.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>The International Brain Laboratory,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banga, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruijns, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapuis, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davatolhagh, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faulkner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinmetz, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.09.491042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reproducibility of in-vivo electrophysiological measurements in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The evolution of information transmission in mammalian brain networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain communication, defined as information transmission through white-matter connections, is at the foundation of the brains computational capacities that subtend almost all aspects of behavior: from sensory perception shared across mammalian species, to complex cognitive functions in humans. How did communication strategies in macroscale brain networks adapted across evolution to accomplish increasingly complex functions? By applying a graph- and information-theory approach to assess information-related pathways in mouse, macaque and human brains, we show a brain communication gap between selective information transmission in non-human mammals, where brain regions share information through single polysynaptic pathways, and parallel information transmission in humans, where regions share information through multiple parallel pathways. In humans, parallel transmission acts as a major connector between unimodal and transmodal systems. The layout of information-related pathways is unique to individuals across different mammalian species, pointing at the individual-level specificity of information routing architecture. Our work provides evidence that different communication patterns are tied to the evolution of mammalian brain networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griffa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mach, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedelley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Barragan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gozzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allali, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amico, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.09.491115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The evolution of information transmission in mammalian brain networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.10.490642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanochemical rules for membrane-reshaping composite filaments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.10.490642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sequential exchange of filament composition to increase filament curvature was proposed as a mechanism for how ESCRT-III polymers deform and cut membranes. The relationship between the filament composition and its mechanical effect is lacking. We develop a kinetic model for the assembly of composite filaments that includes protein-membrane adhesion, filament mechanics and membrane mechanics. We identify the physical conditions for such a membrane remodelling and show this mechanism is efficient because sequential polymer assembly lowers the energetic barrier for membrane deformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meadowcroft, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palaia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfitzner, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saric, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.10.490642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanochemical rules for membrane-reshaping composite filaments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.11.491453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Translocator protein is a marker of activated microglia in rodent models but not human neurodegenerative diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.11.491453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglial activation plays central roles in neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting 18kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is widely used for localising inflammation in vivo, but its quantitative interpretation remains uncertain. We show that TSPO expression increases in activated microglia in mouse brain disease models but does not change in a non-human primate disease model or in common neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory human diseases. We describe genetic divergence in the TSPO gene promoter, consistent with the hypothesis that the increase in TSPO expression in activated myeloid cells is unique to a subset of species within the Muroidea superfamily of rodents. We show that TSPO is mechanistically linked to classical pro-inflammatory myeloid cell function in rodents but not humans. These data emphasise that TSPO expression in human myeloid cells is related to different phenomena than in mice, and that TSPO PET reflects density of inflammatory cells rather than activation state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nutma, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fancy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marzin, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsartsalis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muirhead, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bruin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollaus, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pieterman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anink, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Story, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trolese, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saido, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiltshire, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltran-Lobo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philips, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Healy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendotti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronica, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radulescu, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Valk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.11.491453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Translocator protein is a marker of activated microglia in rodent models but not human neurodegenerative diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.15.490691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Open Access Repository-Scale Propagated Nearest Neighbor Suspect Spectral Library for Untargeted Metabolomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.15.490691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the increasing availability of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) community spectral libraries for untargeted metabolomics over the past decade, the majority of acquired MS/MS spectra remain uninterpreted. To further aid in interpreting unannotated spectra, we created a nearest neighbor suspect spectral library, consisting of 87,916 annotated MS/MS spectra derived from hundreds of millions of public MS/MS spectra. Annotations were propagated based on structural relationships to reference molecules using MS/MS-based spectrum alignment. We demonstrate the broad relevance of the nearest neighbor suspect spectral library through representative examples of propagation-based annotation of acylcarnitines, bacterial and plant natural products, and drug metabolism. Our results also highlight how the library can help to better understand an Alzheimers brain phenotype. The nearest neighbor suspect spectral library is openly available through the GNPS platform to help investigators hypothesize candidate structures for unknown MS/MS spectra in untargeted metabolomics data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avalon, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakhkhorov, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portal Gomes, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aceves, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaddurah-Daouk, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panitchpakdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schymanski, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.15.490691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Open Access Repository-Scale Propagated Nearest Neighbor Suspect Spectral Library for Untargeted Metabolomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.16.492060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy reveals the nanoscale cellular architecture of budding and fission yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.16.492060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe have served as invaluable model organisms to study various fundamental and highly conserved cellular processes. While super-resolution (SR) microscopy has in recent years paved the way to a better understanding of the spatial organization of molecules in cells, its wide use in yeast models has remained limited due to the specific know-how and specialized instrumentation required, contrasted with the relative ease of endogenous tagging and live cell fluorescence microscopy in these systems. To facilitate SR microscopy in yeasts, we have extended the ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) method to both S. cerevisiae and S. pombe, enabling 4-fold isotropic expansion in both systems. We demonstrate here that U-ExM allows the nanoscale imaging of the microtubule cytoskeleton and its associated spindle pole body (SPB), notably unveiling a conserved Sfi1p/Cdc31p spatial organization on the appendage bridge structure. In S. pombe, we validate the method by quantifying the homeostatic regulation of nuclear pore complex (NPC) number through the cell cycle. Combined with pan-labelling (NHS ester), which provides a global cellular context, U-ExM unveils the subcellular organization of the eukaryote yeast models S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. This easy-to-implement imaging with conventional microscopes provides nanoscale resolution and adds a powerful new method to the already extensive yeast toolbox.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hinterndorfer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrozzi, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgoint, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prouteau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.16.492060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy reveals the nanoscale cellular architecture of budding and fission yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell analysis of the dorsal V-SVZ reveals differential quiescence of postnatal pallial and subpallial neural stem cells driven by TGFbeta/BMP-signalling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is the largest neurogenic region of the postnatal forebrain, containing neural stem cells (NSCs) that emerge from both the embryonic pallium and subpallium. Despite of this dual origin, glutamatergic neurogenesis declines rapidly after birth, while gabaergic neurogenesis persists throughout life. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) of the postnatal dorsal V-SVZ for unravelling the mechanisms leading to pallial lineage germinal activity silencing. We identify cell lineage-specific NSCs primed for the generation of neurons or glial cells, as well as a large population of so far uncharacterized quiescent NSCs (qNSC). Pallial qNSCs enter a state of deep quiescence, characterized by persistent TGFbeta/BMP signalling, reduced transcriptional activity and Hopx expression, whilst in contrast, subpallial qNSCs remain transcriptionally primed for activation. Induction of deep pallial quiescence is paralleled by a rapid blockade of glutamatergic neuron production and differentiation. Finally, manipulation of the TGFbeta/BMP receptor Bmpr1a demonstrate its key role in mediating these effects at early postnatal times. Together, our results highlight a central role of TGFbeta/BMP-signalling in synchronizing quiescence induction and blockade of neuronal differentiation to rapidly silence pallial germinal activity after birth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marcy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foucault, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babina, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Texeraud, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zweifel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinrich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parras, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas-Hernandez, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raineteau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.20.492790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell analysis of the dorsal V-SVZ reveals differential quiescence of postnatal pallial and subpallial neural stem cells driven by TGFbeta/BMP-signalling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing druggable cryptic pockets in the Nsp-1 of SARS-CoV-2 and other β-coronaviruses by simulations and crystallography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1) is a main pathogenicity factor of - and {beta}-coronaviruses. Nsp1 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suppresses the host gene expression by sterically blocking 40S host ribosomal subunits and promoting host mRNA degradation. This mechanism leads to the downregulation of the translation-mediated innate immune response in host cells, ultimately mediating the observed immune evasion capabilities of SARS-CoV-2. Here, by combining extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations, fragment screening and crystallography, we reveal druggable pockets in Nsp1. Structural and computational solvent mapping analyses indicate the partial crypticity of these newly discovered and druggable binding sites. The results of fragment-based screening via X-ray crystallography confirm the druggability of the major pocket of Nsp1. Finally, we show how the targeting of this pocket could disrupt the Nsp1-mRNA complex and open a novel avenue to design new inhibitors for other Nsp1s present in homologous {beta}-coronaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borsatto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galdadas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estarellas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haider, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozielski, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damfo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.20.492819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing druggable cryptic pockets in the Nsp-1 of SARS-CoV-2 and other β-coronaviruses by simulations and crystallography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.493376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial encoding of forelimb proprioception in the mouse somatosensory cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.493376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conscious perception of limb movements depends on proprioceptive neural responses in the somatosensory cortex. In contrast to tactile sensations, proprioceptive cortical coding is barely studied in the mammalian brain and practically non-existent in rodent research. To understand the cortical representation of this important sensory modality we developed a passive forelimb displacement paradigm in behaving mice and also trained them to perceptually discriminate where their limb is moved in space. We delineated, for the first time, the rodent proprioceptive cortex with wide-field calcium imaging and optogenetic silencing experiments during awake behavior. Our results reveal that proprioception is represented in both sensory and motor cortical areas. In addition, behavioral measurements and responses of layer 2/3 neurons imaged with two-photon microscopy reveal that passive limb movements are both perceived and encoded in the mouse cortex as a spatial direction vector that interfaces the limb with the bodys peripersonal space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alonso, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palacio-Manzano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philippides, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prsa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.25.493376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial encoding of forelimb proprioception in the mouse somatosensory cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.30.493988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ubx5-Cdc48 assists the protease Wss1 at DNA-protein crosslink sites in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.30.493988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) pose a serious threat to genome stability. The yeast proteases Wss1, 26S proteasome and Ddi1 are safeguards of genome integrity by acting on a plethora of DNA-bound proteins in different cellular contexts. The AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97 is known to assist Wss1/SPRTN in clearing DNA-bound complexes, however its contribution to DPC proteolysis remains unclear. Here, we show that the Cdc48 adaptor Ubx5 is detrimental in yeast mutants defective in DPC processing. Using an inducible site-specific crosslink, we show that Ubx5 accumulates at persistent DPC lesions in the absence of Wss1, which prevents their efficient removal from the DNA. Abolishing Cdc48 binding or complete loss of Ubx5 suppresses the sensitivity of wss1{Delta} cells to DPC inducing agents by favoring alternate repair pathways. We provide evidence for cooperation of Ubx5-Cdc48 and Wss1 in the genotoxin-induced degradation of RNAPII, a described candidate substrate of Wss1. We propose that Ubx5-Cdc48 assists Wss1 for proteolysis of a subset of DNA-bound proteins. Together, our findings reveal a central role for Ubx5 in DPC clearance and repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noireterre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagdiul, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serbyn, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.30.493988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ubx5-Cdc48 assists the protease Wss1 at DNA-protein crosslink sites in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494137v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism regulates the activation of quiescent adult neural stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494137v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular metabolism is important for adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) behavior. However, its role in the transition from quiescence to proliferation is not fully understood. We here show that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a crucial and unexpected part in this process. MPC transports pyruvate into mitochondria, linking cytosolic glycolysis to mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Despite its metabolic key function, the role of MPC in NSPCs has not been addressed. We show that quiescent NSPCs have an active mitochondrial metabolism and express high levels of MPC. Pharmacological MPC inhibition increases aspartate and triggers NSPC activation. Furthermore, genetic MPC-ablation in vivo also activates NSPCs, which differentiate into mature neurons, leading to overall increased hippocampal neurogenesis in adult and aged mice. These findings highlight the importance of metabolism for NSPC regulation and identify a novel pathway through which mitochondrial pyruvate import controls NSPC quiescence and activation.

Highlights* Quiescent NSPCs have high levels of MPC and an active mitochondrial network
* The import of pyruvate into mitochondria is necessary to maintain quiescence of NSPCs
* MPC inhibition increases intracellular aspartate levels and triggers the activation of quiescent NSPCs
* MPC-knockout NSPCs generate mature newborn neurons, leading to overall increased neurogenesis in adult and advanced age mice


Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=140 SRC="FIGDIR/small/494137v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petrelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scandella, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montessuit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamboni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinou, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knobloch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.31.494137</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism regulates the activation of quiescent adult neural stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate megakaryocyte and platelet homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Platelet homeostasis is essential for vascular integrity and immune defense. While the process of platelet formation by fragmenting megakaryocytes (thrombopoiesis) has been extensively studied, the cellular and molecular mechanisms required to constantly replenish the pool of megakaryocytes by their progenitor cells (megakaryopoiesis) remains unclear. Here we use intravital 2 photon microscopy to track individual megakaryopoiesis over days. We identify plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as crucial bone marrow niche cells that regulate megakaryopoiesis. pDCs monitor the bone marrow for platelet-producing megakaryocytes and deliver IFN- to the megakaryocytic niche to trigger local on-demand proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitors. This fine-tuned coordination between thrombopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis is crucial for megakaryocyte and platelet homeostasis in steady state and stress. However, uncontrolled pDC function within the megakaryocytic niche is detrimental. Accordingly, we show that pDCs activated by SARS-CoV2 drive inappropriate megakaryopoiesis associated with thrombotic complications. Together, we uncover a hitherto unknown megakaryocytic bone marrow niche maintained by the constitutive delivery of pDC-derived IFN-.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaertner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishikawa-Ankerhold, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutte, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dueck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Heuvel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fumagalli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Baumgarten, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straub, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Stillfried, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boor, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brocker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walzog, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheiermann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelhardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aird, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petzold, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sixt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudelius, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nerlov, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iannacone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oostendorp, R. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massberg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.31.494147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate megakaryocyte and platelet homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Claudin-4, a core component of the tight-junctional complex along the collecting system, is induced in nephrotic syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundNephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by massive sodium chloride retention. Along the kidney tubule, sodium and chloride reabsorption are coupled via a combination of transcellular and paracellular transport pathways. The mechanism of sodium retention in NS has been extensively studied, but the associated chloride transport pathway has not been elucidated.

MethodsTo investigate the pathway of chloride retention in NS, we assessed the expression levels of both paracellular and transcellular components of chloride transport in the CD of POD-ATTAC mice and PAN rats, two rodent models of NS. We also used cultured mouse cortical collecting duct cells to see how overexpression or silencing of claudin-4 affect paracellular permeability. Finally, human renal biopsies were used to confirm our in vivo results.

ResultsIn control animals, claudin-4 was expressed at low levels in collecting duct (CD). In POD-ATTAC mice and PAN rats, claudin-4 expression was strongly increased in CD beta-intercalated cells (B-IC) and to a lesser extent in CD principal cells and was also induced in connecting tubules. Similarly, we found that claudin-4 was expressed at low levels in normal human kidneys and was dramatically increased in CD cells of nephrotic human kidneys (focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis). In parallel, the expression of pendrin, which exchanges chloride for bicarbonates in B-IC, was decreased in nephrotic compared to control animals. However, the increase in claudin-4 expression observed in NS is likely independent of pendrin abundance. Increased claudin-4 abundance is coupled with increased ENaC-dependent sodium transport. Overexpression or silencing of claudin-4 in mCCDcl1 cells confirmed the preferential permeability of claudin-4 to chloride over sodium.

ConclusionsThese results suggest that during NS, transcellular Cl-/HCO - transport decreases while paracellular chloride transport via claudin-4 may increase along the collecting system. Paracellular chloride permeability may constitute a chloride shunt that favors Na+ reabsorption and opposes K+ secretion along the CD in NS.

Significance StatementNephrotic syndrome is a common disease characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema due to renal sodium-chloride retention. We demonstrate for the first time an induction of claudin-4 expression indicating a partial shift from transcellular to paracellular chloride transport in the renal collecting system of nephrotic rodents. We confirmed the increased expression of claudin-4 in kidney biopsies of nephrotic patients, highlighting the translational significance of these results. Whether the paracellular pathway may represent a novel target to treat edema in nephrotic syndrome remains to be elucidated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olivier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SASSI, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnoux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambrey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monnay, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chassot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udwan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dizin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutkowski, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheval, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crambert, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doucet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eladari, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moll, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feraille, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>K Ramakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Claudin-4, a core component of the tight-junctional complex along the collecting system, is induced in nephrotic syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR/Cas9 screen reveals a role of purine synthesis for estrogen receptor α activity and tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In breast cancer, resistance to endocrine therapies that target estrogen receptor  (ER), such as tamoxifen and fulvestrant, remains a major clinical problem. Whether and how ER+ breast cancers switch from being estrogen-dependent to -independent remains unclear. With a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, we identified new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets of endocrine resistance. We demonstrate that high levels of PAICS, an enzyme involved in the de novo biosynthesis of purines, can shift the balance of ER activity to be more estrogen-independent and tamoxifen-resistant. We indicate that this is due to an elevated activity of cAMP-activated protein kinase A and mammalian target of rapamycin, kinases known to phosphorylate ER specifically and to stimulate its activity. Genetic or pharmacological targeting of PAICS sensitizes tamoxifen-resistant cells to tamoxifen. Based on these findings, we propose the combined targeting of PAICS and ER as a new, effective, and potentially safe therapeutic regimen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hany, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vafeiadou, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.03.494664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR/Cas9 screen reveals a role of purine synthesis for estrogen receptor α activity and tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.494926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conoid extrusion serves as gatekeeper for entry of glideosome components into the pellicular space to control motility and invasion in Apicomplexa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.494926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Members of the Apicomplexa are defined by apical cytoskeletal structures and secretory or-ganelles, tailored for motility and invasion. Gliding is powered by actomyosin-dependent rearward translocation of apically secreted transmembrane adhesins. In Toxoplasma gondii, the conoid, composed of a cone of spiraling tubulin fibers and apposed preconoidal rings (PCRs), is an enigmatic, dynamic organelle of undefined function. Here we mapped five new components of the PCRs and deduce that the structure serves as a pivotal hub for actin polymerization and glideosome assembly. F-actin produced by Formin1 on the PCRs is used by Myosin H to generate the force for conoid extrusion. A set of B-box-type zinc finger domain containing proteins conserved in Apicomplexa is indispensable for PCRs formation, conoid extrusion and motility in Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. Conoid dynamics directs the flux of F-actin to the pellicular space, acting as dynamic gatekeeper to tightly control parasite motility during invasion and egress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dos Santos Pacheco, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosetti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maco, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.06.494926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conoid extrusion serves as gatekeeper for entry of glideosome components into the pellicular space to control motility and invasion in Apicomplexa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cellular assay for spike/ACE2 fusion: quantification of fusion-inhibitory antibodies after COVID-19 and vaccination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Not all antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 inhibit viral entry and hence infection. Neutralizing antibodies are more likely to reflect real immunity, however certain of these tests investigate protein/protein interaction rather than the fusion event. Viral and pseudoviral entry assays detect functionally active antibodies, however they are cumbersome and burdened by biosafety and standardization issues. We have developed a Spike/ACE2-dependant cell-to-cell fusion assay, based on a split luciferase. Hela cells stably transduced with Spike and a large fragment of luciferase were co-cultured with Hela cells transduced with ACE2 and the complementary small fragment of luciferase. Within 24h, cell fusion occured allowing the measurement of luminescence. Light emission was abolished in the absence of Spike and reduced in the presence of an inhibitor of Spike-processing proteases. Serum samples from COVID-19-negative, non-vaccinated individuals, or sera from patients at the moment of first symptoms did not lead to a significant reduction of fusion. In contrast, sera from COVID-19-positive patients as well as sera from vaccinated individuals reduced the fusion. In conclusion, we report a new method measuring fusion-inhibitory antibodies in serum, combining the advantage of a functional full Spike/ACE2 interaction with a high degree of standardization, easily allowing automation in a standard bio-safety environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdul, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribaux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caillon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malezieux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prendki, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhukovsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delhaes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krause, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preynat-Seauve, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.09.495433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cellular assay for spike/ACE2 fusion: quantification of fusion-inhibitory antibodies after COVID-19 and vaccination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cognitive exertion affects the appraisal of one's own and other people's pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Correctly evaluating others pain is a crucial prosocial ability, especially relevant for the healthcare system. In clinical settings, caregivers assess their patients pain under high workload and fatigue, often while dealing with competing information/tasks. However, the effect played by such cognitive strain in the appraisal of others pain remains unclear. Following embodied accounts that posit a shared representational code between self and others states, it could be hypothesized that the representation of peoples pain might be influenced by cognitive exertion similarly to first-hand experiences.

Fifty participants underwent one of two demanding tasks, involving either working memory (Experiment 1: N-Back task) or cognitive interference (Experiment 2: Stroop task). After each task, participants were exposed to painful laser stimulations at three intensity levels (low, medium, high), or video-clips of patients experiencing three intensity levels of pain (low, medium, high). Participants rated the intensity of each pain event on a visual analogue scale.

We found that the two tasks influenced rating of both ones own and others pain, by decreasing the sensitivity to medium and high events. This was observed either when comparing the demanding condition to a control (Stroop), or when modelling linearly the difficulty/performance of each depleting task (N-Back).

We provide converging evidence that cognitive exertion affects the subsequent appraisal of ones own and likewise others pain. Healthcare personnel should be aware that high workload might alter their cognitive abilities.

Perspectivethis research shows that cognitive effort aftereffects impact negatively the assessment of of medium/high pain in others, reminiscently to what was observed in first-hand experiences. Healthcare professionals should be aware that high workload and severe cognitive fatigue could affect their diagnostic skills.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riontino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fournier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapteva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvestrini, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradi-Dell'Acqua, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.09.495450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cognitive exertion affects the appraisal of one's own and other people's pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.11.495729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular phenotyping of colorectal neoplasia shows dynamic and adaptive cancer stem cell population admixture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.11.495729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intestinal homeostasis is underpinned by LGR5+ve crypt-base columnar stem cells (CBCs), but following injury, dedifferentiation results in the emergence of LGR5-ve regenerative stem cell populations (RSCs), characterised by fetal transcriptional profiles. Neoplasia hijacks regenerative signalling, so we assessed the distribution of CBCs and RSCs in mouse and human intestinal tumors. Using combined molecular-morphological analysis we demonstrate variable expression of stem cell markers across a range of lesions. The degree of CBC-RSC admixture was associated with both epithelial mutation and microenvironmental signalling disruption, and could be mapped across disease molecular subtypes. The CBC-RSC equilibrium was adaptive, with a dynamic response to acute selective pressure, and adaptability was associated with chemoresistance. We propose a fitness landscape model where individual tumors have equilibrated stem cell population distributions along a CBC-RSC phenotypic axis. Cellular plasticity is represented by position shift along this axis, and is influenced by cell-intrinsic, extrinsic and therapeutic selective pressures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gil Vasquez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasreddin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valbuena, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulholland, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belnoue-Davis, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggington, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenck, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wouters, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirapati, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilroy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lannagan, T. R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flanagan, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najumudeen, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omwenga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCorry, A. M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koelzer, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>East, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trusolino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maughan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughrey, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunne, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsantoulis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huels, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tejpar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sansom, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leedham, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.11.495729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular phenotyping of colorectal neoplasia shows dynamic and adaptive cancer stem cell population admixture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.13.495921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Arabidopsis endosperm is a temperature-sensing tissue that implements seed thermoinhibition through phyB and PIF3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.13.495921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seed thermoinhibition, the repression of germination under high temperatures, prevents seedling establishment under potentially fatal conditions. Thermoinhibition is relevant for ecology, phenology and agriculture, particularly in a warming globe. The temperature sensing mechanisms and signaling pathways sustaining thermoinhibition are unknown. We found that thermoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana is not autonomously controlled by the embryo but is rather implemented by the endosperm surrounding the embryo. High temperature is sensed through endospermic phyB by accelerating its reversion from the active signaling Pfr form into the inactive Pr form, as described in seedlings. This leads to stabilization of endospermic PIF3, which represses the expression of the endospermic ABA catabolic gene CYP707A1 and promotes endospermic ABA synthesis and release towards the embryo to block its growth. Furthermore, endospermic ABA represses embryonic PIF3 accumulation that would otherwise promote embryonic growth. Hence, under high temperatures PIF3 exerts opposite growth responses in the endosperm and embryo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Piskurewicz, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sentandreu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glauser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Molina, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.13.495921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Arabidopsis endosperm is a temperature-sensing tissue that implements seed thermoinhibition through phyB and PIF3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased severity of chronic kidney disease in response to high potassium intake is dependent on mineralocorticoid receptor activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dietary treatment is seminal for management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of our project was to assess the effects of potassium intake on the progression of CKD. We used 2 mouse CKD models to analyze the effects of potassium intake on CKD : the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and the POD-ATTAC models. POD-ATTAC mice display a podocyte-specific apoptosis after the administration of a chemical inducer. We also studied the effect of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) using UUO in kidney tubule-specific MR knockout mice.

In both UUO and POD-ATTAC mice, high potassium diet increased interstitial fibrosis. High potassium diet also increased the abundance of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin and decreased the abundance of the epithelial marker Na+-K+ ATPase. Consistently, POD-ATTAC mice fed with high potassium diet displayed lower glomerular filtration rate. Spironolactone, a MR antagonist, decreased fibrosis induced by high potassium diet in POD-ATTAC mice. However, kidney tubule-specific MR knockout did not improve the fibrotic lesions induced by UUO under normal or high potassium diets. Macrophages from high potassium-fed POD-ATTAC mice displayed higher mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP1. This effect was decreased by spironolactone, suggesting a role of MR signaling in myeloid cells in the pro-fibrotic effect of potassium-rich diet.

High potassium intake generates more fibrosis leading to decreased kidney function in experimental CKD. MR signaling plays a pivotal role in this potassium-induced fibrosis. The effect of reducing potassium intake on CKD progression should be assessed in future clinical trials.

Translational statementDietetic approach is a cheap and effective therapy to slow down the development of chronic kidney diseases and kidney fibrosis. Potassium-rich diets are protective against renal and cardiovascular events in the general population, albeit some conflicting data were obtained in patients with chronic kidney disease. We showed that potassium-rich diet accelerates fibrosis development, by enhancing kidney inflammation in two mouse models of chronic kidney disease. These data suggest that potassium-rich diets should not be advised in patients with chronic kidney disease, unless future clinical trials demonstrate any beneficial effect in these patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olivier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnoux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SASSI, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chassot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tournier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dizin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutkowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feraille, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.15.496280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased severity of chronic kidney disease in response to high potassium intake is dependent on mineralocorticoid receptor activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isolation of a novel heterodimeric PSII complex via strep-tagged PsbO 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The multi-subunit membrane protein complex Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of water and with this the initial step of photosynthetic electron transport in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Its biogenesis is coordinated by a network of auxiliary proteins that facilitate the stepwise assembly of individual subunits and cofactors, forming various intermediate complexes until fully functional mature PSII is present at the end of the process. In the current study, we purified PSII complexes from a mutant line of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vestitus BP-1 in which the extrinsic subunit PsbO, characteristic for active PSII, was fused with an N-terminal Twin-Strep-tag. Three distinct PSII complexes were separated by ion-exchange chromatography after the initial affinity purification. Two complexes differ in their oligomeric state (monomeric and dimeric) but share the typical subunit composition of mature PSII. They are characterized by the very high oxygen-evolving activity of approx. 6,000 {micro}mol O2{middle dot} (mg Chl{middle dot}h)-1. Analysis of the third (heterodimeric) PSII complex revealed lower oxygen-evolving activity of approx. 3,000 {micro}mol O2{middle dot} (mg Chl{middle dot}h)-1 and manganese content of 2.7 ({+/-} 0.2) per reaction center compared to 3.7 ({+/-} 0.2) of fully active PSII. Mass spectrometry and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy further indicated that PsbO is partially replaced by Psb27 in this PSII fraction, thus implying a role in the repair of the complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lambertz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier-Credo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordignon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langer, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowaczyk, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.15.496312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isolation of a novel heterodimeric PSII complex via strep-tagged PsbO]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.17.496647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human concurrent intracranial EEG and fMRI reveals multiple temporally independent but spatially similar connectome trajectories across timescales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.17.496647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex brain function comprises a multitude of neural operations in parallel and often at different speeds. Each of these operations is carried out across a network of distributed brain regions. How multiple distributed processes are facilitated in parallel is largely unknown. We postulate that such processing relies on a multiplex of dynamic network patterns emerging in parallel but from different functional connectivity (FC) timescales. Given the dominance of inherently slow fMRI in network science, it is unknown whether the brain leverages such multi-timescale network dynamics.

We studied FC dynamics concurrently across a breadth of timescales (from infraslow to {gamma}-range) in rare, simultaneously recorded intracranial EEG and fMRI in humans, and source-localized scalp EEG-fMRI data. We examined spatial and temporal convergence of connectome trajectories across timescales.  Spatial convergence refers to spatially similar EEG and fMRI connectome patterns, while  temporal convergence signifies the more specific case of spatial convergence at corresponding timepoints in EEG and fMRI.

We observed spatial convergence but temporal divergence across FC timescales; connectome states (recurrent FC patterns) with partial spatial similarity were found in fMRI and all EEG frequency bands, but these occurred asynchronously across FC timescales. Our findings suggest that hemodynamic and frequency-specific electrophysiological signals, while involving similar large-scale networks, represent functionally distinct connectome trajectories that operate at different FC speeds and in parallel. This multiplex is poised to enable concurrent connectivity across multiple sets of brain regions independently.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mostame, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirsich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alderson, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmichael, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulliemoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadaghiani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.17.496647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human concurrent intracranial EEG and fMRI reveals multiple temporally independent but spatially similar connectome trajectories across timescales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distraction and cognitive control independently impact parietal and prefrontal neural response to pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous studies found that distracting someone through a challenging activity leads to hypoalgesia, an effect mediated by parietal and prefrontal processes. Other studies suggest that challenging activities affect the ability to regulate ones aching experiences, due to partially-common neural substrate between cognitive control and pain at the level the medial prefrontal cortex. We investigated effects of distraction and cognitive control on pain by delivering noxious stimulations during or after a Stroop paradigm (requiring high cognitive load) or a neutral condition. We found less intense and unpleasant subjective pain ratings during (compared to after) task execution. This hypoalgesia was associated with enhanced activity at the level of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex, which also showed negative connectivity with the insula. Furthermore, multivariate pattern analysis revealed that distraction altered the neural response to pain, by making it more similar to that associated with previous Stroop tasks. All these effects were independent of the nature of the task which, instead, led to a localized neural modulation around the anterior cingulate cortex. Overall, our study underscores the role played by two facets of human executive functions, which exert independent influence in the neural response of pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Silvestrini, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradi-Dell'Acqua, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.20.496774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distraction and cognitive control independently impact parietal and prefrontal neural response to pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clock and riboswitch control of THIC in tandem are essential for appropriate gauging of TDP levels under light/dark cycles in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic homeostasis is regulated by enzyme activities but the importance of regulating their corresponding coenzyme levels is unexplored. The organic coenzyme thiamine diphosphate (TDP) is supplied as needed and controlled by a riboswitch sensing mechanism in plants through the circadian regulated THIC gene. Riboswitch disruption leads to loss of time-of-day regulation of THIC expression, negatively impacting plant fitness. Pathway precursor balancing combined with enhancing the biosynthesis pathway demonstrate the importance of the riboswitch in gauging TDP levels and indicate that TDP impacts the clock in Arabidopsis. Altering the phase of THIC expression to be synchronous with TDP transporters disrupts the precision of the riboswitch suggesting that temporal separation of these processes is important. All defects are bypassed by growing plants under continuous light conditions highlighting the need to control levels of this coenzyme under diel cycles. Thus, consideration of coenzyme homeostasis within the well-studied domain of metabolic homeostasis is highlighted.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noordally, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Land, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trichtinger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalvit, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Meyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.20.496815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clock and riboswitch control of THIC in tandem are essential for appropriate gauging of TDP levels under light/dark cycles in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.21.496932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fluorescent perilipin 2 knock-in mouse model visualizes lipid droplets in the developing and adult brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.21.496932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic lipid storage organelles. They are tightly linked to metabolism and can exert protective functions, making them important players in health and disease. Most LD studies in vivo rely on staining methods, providing only a snapshot. We therefore developed a LD-reporter mouse by endogenously labelling the LD coat protein perilipin 2 (PLIN2) with tdTomato, enabling staining-free fluorescent LD visualisation in living and fixed tissues and cells. Here we validate this model under standard and high-fat diet conditions and demonstrate that LDs are present in various cells in the healthy brain, including neurons, astrocytes, ependymal cells, neural stem/progenitor cells and microglia. Furthermore, we show that LDs are abundant during brain development and can be visualized using live-imaging of embryonic slices. Taken together, our tdTom-Plin2 mouse serves as a novel tool to study LDs and their dynamics under both physiological and diseased conditions in all tissues expressing Plin2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadilhac, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battison, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maillard, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magrinelli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doetsch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knobloch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.21.496932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fluorescent perilipin 2 knock-in mouse model visualizes lipid droplets in the developing and adult brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reinstatement of emotional associations during human sleep: an intracranial EEG study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The scientific literature suggests that emotional memories benefit from a privileged consolidation over neutral memories. This effect extends to consolidation processes that occur during sleep. Indeed, during sleep, a complex set of oscillations (namely slow-oscillations, theta rhythm and spindles) mediates the communication between brain regions involved in the long-term integration of memories. However, whether sleep oscillations may contribute to the reactivation and consolidation of emotional memories in humans is still unclear. Because non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) has limited access to deep brain regions implicated in memory and emotion (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex), here we recorded EEG signal from these brain regions using intracranial electrodes placed in medically-resistant epileptic patients in the context of presurgical investigation. During wakefulness, we presented the patients with emotional (i.e., humorous) vs emotionally neutral pictures paired with a sound. Then, we tested for the reinstatement of emotional-associations by delivering the sound during a subsequent period of sleep. We found that the reactivation of emotional (compared to neutral) memories during sleep enhanced slow-oscillation and spindle activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, paralleled with an increase in theta connectivity between the hippocampus and the orbitofrontal cortex.

In addition, we observed that the theta response to emotional memories reactivated at subsequent wake was different than for neutral memories, suggesting a change in memory traces with targeted memory reactivation. These data suggest that consolidation of emotional events during sleep is due to a larger expression of sleep features (in the slow-oscillation, theta and sigma frequency bands) and that the mechanisms of brain plasticity also take place in emotional brain regions during NREM sleep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Legendre, G. Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spinelli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterpenich, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.24.497499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reinstatement of emotional associations during human sleep: an intracranial EEG study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Between fishing and farming: palaeogenomic analyses reveal cross-cultural interactions triggered by the arrival of the Neolithic in the Danube Gorges 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While early Neolithic populations in Europe were largely descended from early Aegean farmers, there is also evidence of episodic gene flow from local Mesolithic hunter-gatherers into early Neolithic communities. Exactly how and where this occurred is still unknown. Here we report direct evidence for admixture between the two groups at the Danube Gorges in Serbia. Analysis of palaeogenomes recovered from skeletons revealed that second-generation mixed individuals were buried amidst individuals whose ancestry was either exclusively Aegean Neolithic or exclusively local Mesolithic. The mixed ancestry is also reflected in a corresponding mosaic of grave goods. With its deep sequence of occupation and its unique dwellings that suggest at least semi-sedentary occupation since the late Mesolithic, the area of the Danube Gorges has been at the center of the debate about the contribution of Mesolithic societies to the Neolithisation of Europe. As suggested by our data, which were processed exclusively with uncertainty-aware bioinformatic tools, it may have been precisely in such contexts that close interactions between these societies were established, and Mesolithic ancestry and cultural elements were assimilated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hofmanova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyna-Blanco, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Becdelievre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloecher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkelbach, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figarska, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porcic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvetina, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsoupas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzhilova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerritsen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karul, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGlynn, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orschiedt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oezbal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridush, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terberger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teschler-Nicola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarina, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeeb-Lanz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefanovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wegmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.24.497512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Between fishing and farming: palaeogenomic analyses reveal cross-cultural interactions triggered by the arrival of the Neolithic in the Danube Gorges]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.29.498082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trapping virus-loaded aerosols using granular protein nanofibrils and iron oxyhydroxides nanoparticles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.29.498082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that developing effective therapeutics against viruses might be outpaced by emerging variants,1-5 waning immunity,6-9 vaccine skepticism/hesitancy,10-12 lack of resources,13-16 and the time needed to develop virus-specific therapeutics,17,18 emphasizing the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions as the first line of defense against virus outbreaks and pandemics.19-23 However, fighting the spread of airborne viruses has proven extremely challenging,23-28 much more if this needs to be achieved on a global scale and in an environmentally-friendly manner.29,30 Here, we introduce an aerosol filter made of granular material based on whey protein nanofibrils and iron oxyhydroxides nanoparticles. The material is environmentally-friendly, biodegradable, and composed mainly of a dairy industry byproduct.31 It features remarkable filtration efficiencies between 95.91% and 99.99% for both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the influenza A virus strain H1N1, enterovirus 71, bacteriophage {Phi}6, and bacteriophage MS2. The developed material is safe to handle and recycle, with a simple baking step sufficient to inactivate trapped viruses. The high filtration efficiency, virtually-zero environmental impact, and low cost of the material illuminate a viable role in fighting current and future pandemics on a global scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Armanious, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alpert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medaglia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peydayesh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwygart, A. C.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gübeli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handschin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolisetty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ammann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapparel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stellacci, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mezzenga, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.29.498082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trapping virus-loaded aerosols using granular protein nanofibrils and iron oxyhydroxides nanoparticles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.04.498667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architecture of the MKK6-p38α complex defines the basis of MAPK specificity and activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.04.498667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The MAP kinase p38 is a central component of signalling in inflammation and the immune response and is, therefore, an important drug target. Little is known about the molecular mechanism of its activation by double-phosphorylation from MAP2Ks, due to the challenge of trapping a transient and dynamic hetero-kinase complex. Here, we applied a multidisciplinary approach to generate the first structure of p38 in complex with its MAP2K MKK6 and understand the activation mechanism. Integrating cryo-EM with MD simulations, HDX-MS and in cellulo experiments, we demonstrate a dynamic, multi-step, phosphorylation mechanism, reveal new catalytically relevant interactions, and show that MAP2K disordered N-termini determine pathway specificity. Our work captures, for the first time, a fundamental step of cell signalling: a kinase phosphorylating its downstream target kinase.

One-Sentence SummaryIntegrative Cryo-EM and MD analysis of an active hetero-kinase complex reveals details of cellular signal transmission
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Juyoux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galdadas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gobbo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tully, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellegrini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowler, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.04.498667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architecture of the MKK6-p38α complex defines the basis of MAPK specificity and activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.08.499378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Bioregistry: Unifying the Identification of Biomedical Entities through an Integrative, Open, Community-driven Metaregistry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.08.499378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The standardized identification of biomedical entities is a cornerstone of interoperability, reuse, and data integration in the life sciences. Several registries have been developed to catalog resources maintaining identifiers for biomedical entities such as small molecules, proteins, cell lines, and clinical trials. However, existing registries have struggled to provide sufficient coverage and metadata standards that meet the evolving needs of modern life sciences researchers. Here, we introduce the Bioregistry, an integrative, open, community-driven metaregistry that synthesizes and substantially expands upon 23 existing registries. The Bioregistry addresses the need for a sustainable registry by leveraging public infrastructure and automation, and employing a progressive governance model centered around open code and open data to foster community contribution. The Bioregistry can be used to support the standardized annotation of data, models, ontologies, and scientific literature, thereby promoting their interoperability and reuse. The Bioregistry can be accessed through https://bioregistry.io and its source code and data are available under the MIT and CC0 Licenses at https://github.com/biopragmatics/bioregistry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoyt, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callahan, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domingo-Fernandez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haendel, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegde, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himmelstein, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunze, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lubiana, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matentzoglu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMurry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moxon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mungall, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unni, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willighagen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winston, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gyori, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.08.499378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Bioregistry: Unifying the Identification of Biomedical Entities through an Integrative, Open, Community-driven Metaregistry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.11.499622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation and ubiquitination independent endocytosis of BRI1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.11.499622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brassinosteroid (BR) hormone and its plasma membrane receptor BR INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) is one of the best-studied receptor-ligand pairs for understanding the interplay between receptor endocytosis and signaling in plants. BR signaling is mainly determined by the plasma membrane pool of BRI1, whereas BRI1 endocytosis ensures signal attenuation. Since BRs are ubiquitously distributed in the plant, the tools available to study BRI1 function without interference from endogenous BRs are limited. Here, we designed a BR-binding-deficient mutant based on protein sequence-structure analysis and homology modeling of BRI1 and its close homologues. This new tool allowed us to re-examine the BRI1 endocytosis and signal attenuation model. We show that despite decreased phosphorylation and ubiquitination, the BR-binding-deficient BRI1 was internalized similar to the wild type form. These results reinforce the hypothesis that BRI1 is internalized via parallel endocytic routes and machineries. In addition, BR-binding-deficient mutant provides opportunities to study non-canonical ligand-independent BRI1 functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Russinova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves Neubus Claus, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vukasinovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pleskot, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiffner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaillais, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Damme, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.11.499622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation and ubiquitination independent endocytosis of BRI1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.13.499989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Teeth outside the mouth: the evolution and development of shark denticles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.13.499989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vertebrate skin appendages are incredibly diverse. This diversity, which includes structures such as scales, feathers, and hair, likely evolved from a shared anatomical placode, suggesting broad conservation of the early development of these organs. Some of the earliest known skin appendages are dentine and enamel-rich tooth-like structures, collectively known as odontodes. These appendages evolved over 450 million years ago. Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) have retained these ancient skin appendages in the form of both dermal denticles (scales) and oral teeth. Despite our knowledge of denticle function in adult sharks, our understanding of their development and morphogenesis is less advanced. Even though denticles in sharks appear structurally similar to oral teeth, there has been limited data directly comparing the molecular development of these distinct elements. Here, we chart the development of denticles in the embryonic small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) and characterise the expression of conserved genes known to mediate dental development. We find that shark denticle emergence shares a vast gene expression signature with developing teeth. However, denticles have restricted regenerative potential, as they lack a sox2+ stem cell niche associated with the maintenance of a dental lamina, an essential requirement for continuous tooth replacement. We compare developing denticles to other skin appendages, including both sensory skin appendages and avian feathers. This reveals that denticles are not only tooth-like in structure, but that they also share an ancient developmental gene set that is likely common to all epidermal appendages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cooper, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicklin, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasch, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.13.499989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Teeth outside the mouth: the evolution and development of shark denticles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Advected percolation in the actomyosin cortex drives amoeboid cell motility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spontaneous locomotion is a common feature of most metazoan cells, generally attributed to the fundamental properties of the actomyosin network. This force-producing machinery has been studied down to the most minute molecular details, especially in lamellipodium-driven migration. Nevertheless, how actomyosin networks work inside contraction-driven amoeboid cells still lacks unifying principles. Here, using stable motile blebs as a model amoeboid motile system, we image the dynamics of the actin cortex at the single filament level and reveal the co-existence of three phases of the actin network with distinct rheological properties. Physical modelling shows that these three phases organize spontaneously due to a rigidity percolation transition combined with an active advection of the percolated network. This spontaneous spatial organization of the mechanical properties of the actin network, which we propose to call advected percolation, constitutes a minimal and generic locomotion mechanism. It explains, down to the single actin filament level and up to the scale of the entire cell, how amoeboid cells can propel efficiently through complex 3D environments, a feature shared by immune and cancer cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Arcos, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziegler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigolon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shajepal, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattin, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomakin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruprecht, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wieser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voituriez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.500109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Advected percolation in the actomyosin cortex drives amoeboid cell motility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.500922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic variation in correlated regulatory region of Immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.500922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studying the interplay between genetic variation, epigenetic changes and regulation of gene expression in immune cells is important to understand the modification of cellular states in various conditions, including immune diseases. Here, we built cis maps of regulatory regions with coordinated activity - Cis Regulatory Domains (CRDs) - in neutrophils, monocytes and T cells. For this, we leveraged (i) whole-genome sequencing (WGS), (ii) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), (iii) DNA methylation (450k arrays), and (iv) transcriptional profiles (RNA-seq) from the BLUEPRINT consortium, for up to 200 individuals.

Our study uncovers 9287, 7666 and 5480 histone CRDs (hCRDs) and 6053, 6112, 5701 methyl CRDs (mCRDs) in monocytes, neutrophils and T-cells, respectively. We discovered 15294 hCRD-gene and 6185 mCRD-gene associations (5% FDR). Only 33% of hCRD-gene associations and 37% of mCRD-gene associations were shared between cell-types, revealing the dynamic nature of regulatory interactions and how similarly located regulatory regions modulate the activity of different genes on different cell types. We mapped Quantitative Trait Loci associated with CRD activity (CRD-QTLs) and found that 89% and 70% of these hCRDs and mCRDs are under genetic control highlighting the importance of genetic variation to study the coordination of cellular regulatory programs. We found CRD-QTLs to be enriched in celltype-specific transcription factor binding sites, such as SPI1, STAT3, RFX1, SOX4, ATF3 for neutrophils and monocytes and TCF4 and BCL11A for T-cells, in line with the Human protein Atlas.

We integrated PCHi-C data, which showed that most significant associations discovered within gene-CRD associations and co-expressed genes associated with the same CRD, involving large genomic distances, tend to happen between genomic regions in close spatial proximity. Finally, we mapped trans regulatory associations between CRDs, which enabled the discovery of 207 trans-eQTLs across cell types. Overlapping our hits with trans eQTLs from eQTLGen Consortium meta-analysis in whole blood revealed 52 trans-eQTLs shared between the two studies. Overall, we show that mapping functional regulatory units using population genomics data allows discovering important mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression in immune cells and gain a greater understanding of cell-type specific regulatory mechanisms of immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Avalos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramisch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.21.500922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic variation in correlated regulatory region of Immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.500770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic metabolome profiling uncovers potential TOR signaling genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.500770v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the genetic code of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was sequenced 25 years ago, the characterization of the roles of genes within it is far from complete. The lack of a complete mapping of functions to genes hampers systematic understanding of the biology of the cell. The advent of high-throughput metabolomics offers a unique approach to uncovering gene function with an attractive combination of cost, robustness, and breadth of applicability. Here we used flow-injection time-of-flight mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) to dynamically profile the metabolome of 164 loss-of-function mutants in TOR and receptor or receptor-like genes under a time-course of rapamycin treatment, generating a dataset with over 7,000 metabolomics measurements. In order to provide a resource to the broader community, those data are made available for browsing through an interactive data visualization app hosted at https://rapamycin-yeast-metabolome.herokuapp.com/. We demonstrate that dynamic metabolite responses to rapamycin are more informative than steady state responses when recovering known regulators of TOR signaling, as well as identifying new ones. Deletion of a subset of the novel genes causes phenotypes and proteome responses to rapamycin that further implicate them in TOR signaling. We found that one of these genes, CFF1, was connected to the regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis through URA10. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the approach for flagging novel potential TOR signaling-related genes and highlights the utility of dynamic perturbations when using functional metabolomics to deliver biological insight.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reichling, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doubleday, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germade, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauer, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holbrook-Smith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.25.500770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic metabolome profiling uncovers potential TOR signaling genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.26.501543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural integration and segregation revealed by a joint time-vertex connectome spectral analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.26.501543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain oscillations are produced by the coordinated activity of large groups of neurons and different rhythms are thought to reflect different modes of information processing. These modes, in turn, are known to occur at different spatial scales. Nevertheless, how these rhythms support different modes of information processing at the brain scale is not yet fully understood. Here we present "Joint Time-Vertex Connectome Spectral Analysis", a framework for characterizing the spectral content of brain activity both in time (temporal frequencies) and in space (spatial connectome harmonics). This method allows us to estimate the contribution of integration (global communication) and segregation (functional specialization) mechanisms at different temporal frequency bands in source-reconstructed M/EEG signals, thus providing a better understanding of the complex interplay between different information processing modes. We validated our method on two different datasets, an auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and a visual grating task. Our results suggest that different information processing mechanisms are carried out at different frequency channels: while integration seems to be a specific mechanism occurring at low temporal frequencies (alpha and theta), segregation is only observed at higher temporal frequencies (high and low gamma). Crucially, the estimated contribution of the integration and segregation mechanisms predicts performance in a behavioral task, demonstrating the neurophysiological relevance of this new framework.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rue Queralt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancini, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochas, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latreche, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhlhaas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plomp, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.26.501543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural integration and segregation revealed by a joint time-vertex connectome spectral analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.27.501715v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retromer oligomerization drives SNX-BAR coat assembly and membrane constriction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.27.501715v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The retromer coat mediates protein exit from endosomes and impacts many signaling pathways, lysosomal biogenesis, and diseases such as Parkinsons, Alzheimers and COVID-19. Retromer complexes (CSC in yeast) form coats by interconnecting sorting nexins (SNX). The dynamics of this process is poorly explored. Here, we analyze the oligomerization of CSC/SNX-BAR retromer coats on oriented synthetic lipid tubules. SNX-BARs and CSC assemble a static tubular coat that does not exchange subunits. Coat formation proceeds bidirectionally, adding new subunits at both ends of the coat. High concentrations of SNX-BARs alone suffice to constrict membrane tubes to an invariant radius of 19 nm. At lower concentrations, CSC-complexes must drive constriction, which requires their oligomerization. CSCs populate the SNX-BAR layer at densities that increase with the starting radius of the membrane tube. We hence propose that retromer-mediated crosslinking of SNX-BARs at variable densities tunes the coat according to the energy required to deform the membrane. This model is supported by the effects of mutations interfering with retromer oligomerization, which impair retromer function in yeast and human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gopaldass, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Leo, M. G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtellement, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bissig, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.27.501715</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retromer oligomerization drives SNX-BAR coat assembly and membrane constriction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Sfi1-like centrin-interacting centriolar plaque protein affects nuclear microtubule homeostasis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malaria-causing parasites achieve rapid proliferation in human blood through multiple rounds of asynchronous nuclear division followed by daughter cell formation. Nuclear divisions critically depend on the centriolar plaque, which organizes intranuclear spindle microtubules. The centriolar plaque consists of an extranuclear compartment, which is connected via a nuclear pore-like structure to a chromatin-free intranuclear compartment. Composition and function of this non-canonical centrosome remain largely elusive. Centrins, which reside in the extranuclear part, are among the very few centrosomal proteins conserved in Plasmodium falciparum. Here we identify a novel centrin-interacting centriolar plaque protein. Conditional knock down of this Sfi1-like protein (PfSlp) caused a growth delay in blood stages, which correlated with a reduced number of daughter cells. Surprisingly, intranuclear tubulin abundance was significantly increased, which raises the hypothesis that the centriolar plaque might be implicated in regulating tubulin levels. Disruption of microtubule homeostasis caused polymerization of excess microtubules and aberrant mitotic spindles. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that this prevented or delayed spindle extension. Our study thereby identifies a novel extranuclear centriolar plaque factor and establishes a functional link to the intranuclear compartment of this divergent eukaryotic centrosome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wenz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romao, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuermer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klages, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klemmer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voss, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guizetti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.28.501831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Sfi1-like centrin-interacting centriolar plaque protein affects nuclear microtubule homeostasis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DLC3/Cv-c function in testis development in humans and Drosophila: implication for variants of sex development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying genes affecting gonad development is essential to understand the mechanisms causing Variants/Differences in Sex Development. Recently, a DLC3 mutation was associated with male gonadal dysgenesis in 46,XY DSD patients. We show that Cv-c, the Drosophila ortholog of DLC3, is also required to maintain testis integrity during fly development. We found that Cv-c and human DLC3 can perform the same function in fly embryos, as flies with wild type but not mutated DLC3 rescue gonadal dysgenesis, suggesting a functional conservation. Expression of different Cv-c protein variants demonstrated that the StART domain mediates the Cv-c function in the male gonad, independently from the GAP domain activity. This work demonstrates a role for DLC3/Cv-c in male gonadogenesis and highlights a novel StART-mediated function required for gonadal mesoderm-germ cell interaction during testis development.

Significance StatementAssociating rare human genetic variants to specific conditions is complex. An amino acid change in the StART domain of the RhoGAP DLC3 protein has been found in female DSD patients with a 46,XY male karyotype. We present a second DSD patient with a mutation in the same region and show that the Cv-c/DLC3 homolog is also required in Drosophila testis. In cv-c mutant embryos the testis mesodermal cells display various defects: the testes are unable to retain the germ cells due to their abnormal ensheathment by mesodermal cells and the mesodermal sheet of cells surrounding the testis is discontinuous resulting in the liberation of the germ cells outside the gonad. Defects can be rescued by gonadal expression of Cv-c or DLC3 but not by the patients DLC3 protein variant. Testis development requires the StART lipid binding domain but not the GAP domain, revealing a novel function of this RhoGAP family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sotillos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von der Decken, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domenech Mercade, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biason-Lauber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez Gutierrez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>C-G Hombria, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.28.501838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DLC3/Cv-c function in testis development in humans and Drosophila: implication for variants of sex development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.503583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatio-temporal regulation of endocytic protein assembly by SH3 domains in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.503583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a conserved eukaryotic membrane trafficking pathway that is driven by a sequentially assembled molecular machinery that contains over 60 different proteins. SH3 domains are the most abundant protein-protein interaction domain in this process, but the function of most SH3 domains in protein dynamics remains elusive. Using mutagenesis and live-cell fluorescence microscopy in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we dissected SH3-mediated regulation of the endocytic pathway. Our data suggest that multiple SH3 domains regulate the actin nucleation promoting Las17/Vrp1 complex, and that the network of SH3 interactions coordinate both Las17/Vrp1 assembly and dissociation. Furthermore, most endocytic SH3 domain proteins use the SH3 domain for their own recruitment, while a minority uses the SH3 domain to recruit other proteins, and not themselves. Our results provide a dynamic map of SH3 functions in yeast endocytosis and a framework for SH3 interaction network studies across biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hummel, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.11.503583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatio-temporal regulation of endocytic protein assembly by SH3 domains in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.13.503836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EEG-based Motor Imagery Decoding via Graph Signal Processing on Smooth Learned Graphs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.13.503836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electroencephalography (EEG) data entail a complex spatiotemporal structure that reflects ongoing organization of brain activity. Characterization of the spatial patterns is an indispensable step in numerous EEG processing pipelines within the setting of brain-computer interface systems as well as cognitive neuroscience. We present an approach for transforming EEG data into a spectral representation by using the harmonic basis of a graph structure that is learned from the data. The harmonic basis is obtained by integrating principles from graph learning and graph signal processing (GSP). First, we learn subject-specific graphs from each subjects EEG data. Second, by eigendecomposition of the normalized Laplacian matrix of each subjects graph, an orthonormal basis is obtained onto which each EEG map can be decomposed, providing a spectral representation of the data. We show that energy of the EEG maps is strongly associated with low frequency components of the learned basis, reflecting the smooth topography of EEG maps as expected. As a proof-of-concept for this alternative view of EEG data, we consider the task of decoding two-class motor imagery (MI) data. To this aim, the spectral representations are first mapped into a discriminative subspace for differentiating two-class data using a projection matrix obtained by the Fukunaga-Koontz transform (FKT), providing a minimal subspace from which features are extracted. An SVM classifier is then trained and tested on the resulting features to differentiate MI classes. The proposed method is evaluated on Dataset IVa of the BCI Competition III and its performance is compared to using features extracted from a subject-specific functional connectivity matrix and four state-of-the-art alternative methods. Experimental results indicate the superiority of the proposed method over alternative approaches, reflecting the added benefit of i) decomposing EEG data using data-driven, subject-specific harmonic bases, and ii) accounting for class-specific temporal variations in spectral profiles via the FKT. The proposed method and results underline the importance of integrating spatial and temporal characteristics of EEG signals in extracting features that can more powerfully differentiate MI classes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abootalebi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saeedi-Sourck, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behjat, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.13.503836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EEG-based Motor Imagery Decoding via Graph Signal Processing on Smooth Learned Graphs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.504077v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Concurrent measures of impulsive action and choice are partially related and differentially modulated by dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors in a rat model of impulsivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.504077v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct, but the relationships between its constructs and their respective underlying dopaminergic underpinnings in the normal population remain unclear. A large cohort of Roman high-(RHA) and low- (RLA) avoidance rats were tested for impulsive action and risky decision-making in the rat gambling task, and then for delay discounting in the delay discounting task to concurrently measure the relationships among the three constructs of impulsivity using a within-subject design. Then, we evaluated the effects of dopaminergic drugs on the three constructs of impulsivity, considering innate differences in impulsive behaviors at baseline. Risky decision-making and delay discounting were positively correlated, indicating that both constructs of impulsive choice are related. Impulsive action positively correlated with risky decision-making but not with delay discounting, suggesting partial overlap between impulsive action and impulsive choice. RHAs showed a more impulsive phenotype in the three constructs of impulsivity compared to RLAs, demonstrating the comorbid nature of impulsivity in a normal population. While amphetamine increased impulsive action and had no effects on risky decision-making regardless of baseline levels of impulsivity, it decreased delay discounting but only in high impulsive RHAs. Conversely, the D1R agonist SKF81297, D3R agonist PD128907 and D2/3R partial agonist aripiprazole decreased impulsive action irrespective of baseline levels of impulsivity, whereas D2/3R agonism with quinpirole decreased it exclusively in high impulsive RHAs. Risky decision-making was increased by SKF81297 and quinpirole but not PD128907 and aripiprazole, with quinpirole producing baseline-dependent effects, increasing risky decision-making only in low impulsive RLAs. Finally, while SKF81297, PD128907 and aripiprazole increased delay discounting irrespective of baseline levels of impulsivity, quinpirole decreased it in low impulsive RLAs only. These findings indicate that the acute effects of dopamine drugs were partially overlapping across dimensions of impulsivity, and that only D2/3R agonism showed baseline-dependent effects on the three constructs of impulsivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Belles, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrondeau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uruena-Mendez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginovart, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.16.504077</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Concurrent measures of impulsive action and choice are partially related and differentially modulated by dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors in a rat model of impulsivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.504103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted protein degradation reveals BET bromodomains as the cellular target of Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.504103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Target deconvolution of small molecule hits from phenotypic screens presents a major challenge. Illustrative of these are the many screens that have been conducted to find inhibitors for the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway - a major developmental pathway with many implications in health and disease - with many hits but very few identified cellular targets. We here present a strategy for target identification based on Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), combined with label-free quantitative proteomics. We developed a PROTAC based on the downstream Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor-1 (HPI-1), a phenotypic screen hit with unknown cellular target. Using our Hedgehog Pathway PROTAC (HPP) we identified and validated BET bromodomains to be the cellular targets of HPI-1. Furthermore, we found that HPP-9 has a unique mechanism of action as a long-acting Hh pathway inhibitor through prolonged BET bromodomain degradation. Collectively, we provide a powerful PROTAC-based approach for target deconvolution, that has answered the longstanding question of the cellular target of HPI-1 and yielded the first PROTAC that acts on the Hh pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bagka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heritier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scapozza, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoogendoorn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.16.504103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted protein degradation reveals BET bromodomains as the cellular target of Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inventa: a computational tool to discover chemical novelty in natural extracts libraries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505324v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Collections of natural extracts hold potential for the discovery of novel natural products with original modes of action. The prioritization of extracts from collections remains challenging due to the lack of workflow that combines multiple-source information to facilitate the data interpretation. Results from different analysis techniques and literature reports need to be organized, processed, and interpreted to enable optimal decision-making for extracts prioritization. Here, we introduce Inventa, a computational tool that highlights the chemical novelty potential within extracts, considering untargeted mass spectrometry data, spectral annotation, and literature reports. Based on this information, Inventa calculates multiple scores that inform their chemical potential. Thus, Inventa has the potential to accelerate new natural products discovery. Inventa was applied to a set of plants from the Celastraceae family as a proof of concept. The Pristimera indica (Willd.) A.C.Sm roots extract was highlighted as a promising source of potentially novel compounds. Its phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation and de novo characterization of thirteen new dihydro-{beta}-agarofuran sesquiterpenes, five of them presenting a new 9-oxodihydro-{beta}-agarofuran base scaffold.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quiros-Guerrero, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcourt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfender, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.25.505324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inventa: a computational tool to discover chemical novelty in natural extracts libraries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.502450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Not4-dependent targeting of MMF1 mRNA to mitochondria limits its expression via ribosome pausing, Egd1 ubiquitination, Caf130, No-Go-Decay and autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.502450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Ccr4-Not complex is a conserved multi protein complex with diverse roles in the mRNA life cycle. Recently we determined that the Not1 and Not4 subunits of Ccr4-Not inversely regulate mRNA solubility and thereby impact dynamics of co-translation events. One mRNA whose solubility is limited by Not4 is MMF1 encoding a mitochondrial matrix protein. In this work we determine that Not4 promotes the co-translational docking of MMF1 mRNA to mitochondria via the mitochondrial targeting sequence of the Mmf1 nascent chain, the Egd1 chaperone, the Om14 mitochondrial outer membrane protein and the co-translational import machinery. We observe that MMF1 mRNA is translated with ribosome pausing and uncover a mechanism that depends upon its targeting to the mitochondria and limits its overexpression. We have named this mechanism Mito-ENCay. It relies on Egd1 ubiquitination by Not4, the Caf130 subunit of the Ccr4-Not complex, the mitochondrial outer membrane protein Cis1, No-Go-Decay as well as autophagy. We propose that in fermenting yeast, mRNAs whose encoded proteins depend upon co-translational folding and/or assembly are regulated by Caf130-dependent quality control mechanisms similar to Mito-ENCay.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panasenko, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collart, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.29.502450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Not4-dependent targeting of MMF1 mRNA to mitochondria limits its expression via ribosome pausing, Egd1 ubiquitination, Caf130, No-Go-Decay and autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.505673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequential And Directional Insulation By Conserved CTCF Sites Underlies The Hox Timer In Pseudo-Embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.505673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During development, Hox genes are activated in a time sequence following their relative positions on their clusters, leading to the proper identities of structures along the rostral to caudal axis. To understand the mechanism operating this Hox timer, we used ES-cells derived stembryos and show that the core of the process involves the start of transcription at the 3 part of the cluster, following Wnt signaling, and the concomitant loading of cohesin complexes on the transcribed DNA segments, i.e., with an asymmetric distribution along the gene cluster. Chromatin extrusion then occurs with successively more posterior CTCF sites acting as transient insulators, thus generating a progressive time-delay in the activation of more 5-located genes due to long-range contacts with a flanking TAD. Mutant stembryos support this model and reveal that the iterated presence of evolutionary conserved and regularly spaced intergenic CTCF sites control the precision and the pace of this temporal mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rekaik, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hintermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochaton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.29.505673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequential And Directional Insulation By Conserved CTCF Sites Underlies The Hox Timer In Pseudo-Embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.505678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Persistent virus-specific and clonally expanded antibody secreting cells respond to induced self antigen in the CNS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.505678v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of both cellular- and humoral-mediated central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases through a variety of mechanisms. In such conditions, B cells may enter the CNS parenchyma and contribute to local tissue destruction. It remains unexplored, however, how infection and autoimmunity drive transcriptional phenotypes, repertoire features, and antibody functionality. Here, we profiled B cells from the CNS of murine models of intracranial (i.c.) viral infections and autoimmunity. We identified a population of clonally expanded, antibody secreting cells (ASCs) that had undergone class-switch recombination and extensive somatic hypermutation following i.c. infection with attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (rLCMV). Recombinant expression and characterisation of these antibodies revealed specificity to viral antigens (LCMV glycoprotein GP), correlating with ASC persistence in the brain weeks after resolved infection. Furthermore, these virus-specific ASCs upregulated proliferation and expansion programs in response to the conditional and transient induction of the LCMV GP as a neo-self antigen by astrocytes. This class-switched, clonally expanded, and mutated population persisted and was even more pronounced when peripheral B cells were depleted prior to autoantigen induction in the CNS. In contrast, the most expanded B cell clones in mice with persistent expression of LCMV GP in the CNS did not exhibit neo-self antigen specificity, potentially a consequence of local tolerance induction. Finally, a comparable population of clonally expanded, class-switched, proliferating ASCs was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. Taken together, our findings support the existence of B cells that populate the CNS and are capable of responding to locally encountered autoantigens.

Graphical abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agrafiotis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dizerens, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincenti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shlesinger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manero-Carranza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotet, T.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonta, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shammas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariotte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccinno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreutzfeldt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruntz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehling, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genovese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedrioli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dounas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franzenburg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavaka, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerdes, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dornmair, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oxenius, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yermanos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.29.505678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Persistent virus-specific and clonally expanded antibody secreting cells respond to induced self antigen in the CNS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global Phylogeny of the Brassicaceae Provides Important Insights into Gene Discordance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mustard family (Brassicaceae) is a scientifically and economically important family, containing the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and numerous crop species that feed billions worldwide. Despite its relevance, most published family phylogenies are incompletely sampled, generally contain massive polytomies, and/or show incongruent topologies between datasets. Here, we present the most complete Brassicaceae genus-level family phylogenies to date (Brassicaceae Tree of Life, or BrassiToL) based on nuclear (>1,000 genes, almost all 349 genera and 53 tribes) and plastome (60 genes, 79% of the genera, all tribes) data. We found cytonuclear discordance between nuclear and plastome-derived phylogenies, which is likely a result of rampant hybridisation among closely and more distantly related species, and highlight rogue taxa. To evaluate the impact of this rampant hybridisation on the nuclear phylogeny reconstruction, we performed four different sampling routines that increasingly removed variable data and likely paralogs. Our resulting cleaned subset of 297 nuclear genes revealed high support for the tribes, while support for the main lineages remained relatively low. Calibration based on the 20 most clock-like nuclear genes suggests a late Eocene to late Oligocene  icehouse origin of the family. Finally, we propose five new or re-established tribes, including the recognition of Arabidopsideae, a monotypic tribe to accommodate Arabidopsis. With a worldwide community of thousands of researchers working on this family, our new, densely sampled family phylogeny will be an indispensable tool to further highlight Brassicaceae as an excellent model family for studies on biodiversity and plant biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hendriks, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiefer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Shehbaz, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hooft van Huysduynen, A. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nauheimer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuntini, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>German, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franzke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lysak, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toro-Nunez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozudogru, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Invernon, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walden, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sushkov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandakova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thulin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Windham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Resetnik, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spaniel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pires, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harkess, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuffer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braeuchler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmull, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrest, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggisberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zmarzty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepschi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scarlett, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stauffer, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schonberger, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heenan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fore</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.506188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global Phylogeny of the Brassicaceae Provides Important Insights into Gene Discordance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.506631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scream's roughness confers a privileged access to the brain during sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.506631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During sleep, recognizing threatening signals is crucial to know when to wake up and when to continue vital sleep functions. Screaming is perhaps the most salient and efficient signal for communicating danger at a distance or in conditions of limited visibility. Beyond the intensity or the pitch of the sound, rapid modulations of sound pressure in the so-called roughness range (i.e. 30-150 Hz) are particularly powerful in capturing attention and accelerating reactions. Roughness is an acoustic feature that characterizes alarm signals such as screams. However, whether rough sounds are also processed in a privileged manner during sleep is unknown.

We tested this hypothesis by stimulating sleeping human participants with low-intensity screams and neutral calls. We found that screams trigger more reliable and better time-locked responses in wakefulness and NREM sleep. In addition, screams boosted sleep spindles, suggesting elevated stimulus salience. The increase in sleep spindle power was linearly proportional to the roughness of vocalizations, but not to their pitch.

These findings demonstrate that, even at low sound intensity, screams roughness conveys stimulus relevance and enhances processing in both the waking and sleeping states. Preserved differential neural responses based on stimulus salience may ensure adaptive reactions -and ultimately survival- in a state where the brain is mostly disconnected from external inputs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Legendre, G. Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez-Borras, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterpenich, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.05.506631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scream's roughness confers a privileged access to the brain during sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A PI(3,5)P2 probe reveals PIKfyve is required for Rab7 acquisition and the delivery and fusion of early macropinosomes to phagosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phagosome maturation is tightly regulated to ensure efficient delivery of the complex arsenal of antimicrobial activities that kill and digest captured microbes. Like other endocytic pathways, phagosome maturation is regulated by a combination of Rab GTPases and phosphoinositide signalling lipids (PIPs) which define membrane identity and recruit specific effectors. PIKfyve is a PI-5 kinase, which converts PI(3)P to PI(3,5)P2 on endosomes. Disruption of PIKfyve results in severe defects in phagosomal maturation but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we use the model professional phagocyte, Dictyostelium discoideum to dissect the role of PIKfyve in the crucial first steps of phagosome maturation. We find that, although early Rab5 dynamics are unaffected, loss of PIKfyve prevents phagosomes from acquiring Rab7 by fusion with a pool of Rab7 and V-ATPase positive endosomes. By following PIP dynamics using our recently characterised PI(3,5)P2-probe SnxA, we delineate multiple subpopulations of Rab7-positive endosomes that fuse sequentially with phagosomes. We identify one of these as PI(3,5)P2-positive macropinosomes, which dock and fuse with phagosomes in a PIKfyve-dependent manner. We therefore show that Dictyostelium phagosomes primarily accumulate Rab7 by vesicular fusion rather than from a cytosolic pool, and that this requires PIKfyve. In particular PI(3,5)P2 defines a specific subset of fusogenic macropinosomes, which we propose enables content mixing and the efficient bulk delivery of lysosomal components to phagosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buckley, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maib, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vines, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gueho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.508510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A PI(3,5)P2 probe reveals PIKfyve is required for Rab7 acquisition and the delivery and fusion of early macropinosomes to phagosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tubulin engineering by semisynthesis reveals that polyglutamylation directs detyrosination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubules, a critical component of the cytoskeleton, carry combinations of post-translational modifications (PTMs), which are critical for the regulation of key cellular processes. Long-lived microtubules, in neurons particularly, exhibit both detyrosination of -tubulin as well as polyglutamylation. Dysregulation of these PTMs results in disease, including developmental defects and neurodegeneration. Despite their importance, the mechanisms governing the emergence of such PTM patterns are not well understood, mostly because tools to dissect the function and regulation of tubulin PTMs have been lacking. Here, we report a chemical method to produce fully functional tubulin carrying precisely defined PTMs within its C-terminal tail. Using a sortase- and intein-mediated tandem transamidation strategy, we ligate synthetic -tubulin tails, which are site-specifically glutamylated to specific extents, to recombinant human tubulin heterodimers. Using microtubules reconstituted with such designer tubulins, we show that polyglutamylation of -tubulin promotes its detyrosination by enhancing the activity of the tubulin tyrosine carboxypeptidase vasohibin/SVBP in a manner dependent on the length of polyglutamyl chains. Moreover, modulating polyglutamylation levels in cells results in corresponding changes in detyrosination. Together, using synthetic chemistry to produce tubulins carrying defined PTMs, we can directly link the detyrosination cycle to polyglutamylation, connecting two key regulatory systems that control tubulin function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ebberink, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzopoulos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agashe, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guidotti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichart, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velluz, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pourroy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonczy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fierz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.20.508649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tubulin engineering by semisynthesis reveals that polyglutamylation directs detyrosination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative proteomic analysis of skeletal muscles from wild type and transgenic mice carrying recessive Ryr1 mutations linked to congenital myopathies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle is a highly structured and differentiated tissue responsible for voluntary movement and metabolic regulation. Muscles however, are heterogeneous and depending on their location, speed of contraction, fatiguability and function, can be broadly subdivided into fast and slow twitch as well as subspecialized muscles, with each group expressing common as well as specific proteins. Congenital myopathies are a group of non-inflammatory non-dystrophic muscle diseases caused by mutations in a number of genes, leading to a weak muscle phenotype. In most cases specific muscles types are affected, with preferential involvement of fast twitch muscles as well as extraocular and facial muscles. Here we performed relative and absolute quantitative proteomic analysis of EDL, soleus and extraocular muscles from wild type and transgenic mice carrying compound heterozygous mutations in Ryr1 identified in a patient with a severe congenital myopathy. Our quantitative proteomic study shows that recessive Ryr1 mutations not only decrease the content of RyR1 protein in muscle, but also impact the content of many other proteins; in addition, we provide important insight into the pathological mechanism of congenital myopathies linked to mutations in other genes encoding components of the excitation contraction coupling molecular complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eckhardt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treves, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorzato, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative proteomic analysis of skeletal muscles from wild type and transgenic mice carrying recessive Ryr1 mutations linked to congenital myopathies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.509885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Technical insights into fluorescence lifetime microscopy of mechanosensitive Flipper probes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.509885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Measuring forces within living cells remains a technical challenge. We developed hydrophobic mechanosensing fluorescent probes called Flippers, whose fluorescence lifetime depends on lipid packing and can report on membrane tension. Here, we describe technical optimization of the probe imaging, and diverse characterizations in various biological and in vitro systems. We provide a guideline to measure biophysical parameters of cellular membranes by FLIM microscopy with Flipper probes, providing evidences that flippers can report long range forces in cells, tissues and organsi.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roffay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Arcos, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapuis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Andarias, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomba, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Meglio, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.28.509885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Technical insights into fluorescence lifetime microscopy of mechanosensitive Flipper probes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.29.510042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mild replication stress causes premature centriole disengagement via a sub-critical Plk1 activity under the control of ATR-Chk1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.29.510042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A tight synchrony between the DNA and centrosome cycle is essential for genomic integrity. Centriole disengagement, which licenses centrosomes for duplication, occurs normally during mitotic exit. We recently demonstrated that mild DNA replication stress in untransformed human cells causes premature centriole disengagement at mitotic entry, leading to transient multipolar spindles that favour chromosome mis-segregation. How mild replication stress accelerate the centrosome cycle at the molecular level remained, however, unclear. Using expansion microscopy, we show that mild replication stress already induces premature centriole disengagement in G2 via the ATR-Chk1 axis of the DNA damage repair pathway. We demonstrate that this results in a subcritical Plk1 kinase activity that is insufficient for rapid mitotic entry. Nevertheless, it primes the pericentriolar matrix for Separase-dependent disassembly causing premature centriole disengagement in G2. We postulate that the differential requirement of Plk1 activity in the DNA and centrosome cycles explains how mild replication stress disrupts the synchrony between both processes and contributes to genomic instability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dwivedi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harry, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraldi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.29.510042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mild replication stress causes premature centriole disengagement via a sub-critical Plk1 activity under the control of ATR-Chk1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.507111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin regulators in the TBX1 network confer risk for conotruncal heart defects in 22q11.2DS and sporadic congenital heart disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.507111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) affecting the conotruncal region of the heart, occur in half of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. This syndrome is a rare disorder with relative genetic homogeneity that can facilitate identification of genetic modifiers. Haploinsufficiency of TBX1, mapped to the 22q11.2 region, encoding a T-box transcription factor, is one of the main genes for the etiology of the syndrome. We suggest that genetic modifiers of CHD in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome may be in the TBX1 gene network.

MethodsTo identify genetic modifiers of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, we analyzed whole genome sequence of subjects with 22q11.2DS, of which 456 were cases with conotruncal heart defects and 537 were controls with normal cardiac structures. We retained the most damaging rare coding variants and examined 19 functional gene sets for association that were weighted upon expression of genes in cardiac progenitor cells in mouse embryos identified by RNA-sequencing.

ResultsWe identified rare damaging coding variants in chromatin regulatory genes as modifiers of conotruncal heart defects in 22q11.2DS. Chromatin genes with recurrent damaging variants include EP400, KAT6A, KMT2C, KMT2D, NSD1, CHD7 and PHF21A. In total, we identified 37 chromatin regulatory genes, that may increase risk for conotruncal heart defects in 8.5% of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome cases. Many of these genes were identified as risk factors for sporadic CHD in the general population increasing the likelihood that these genes are medically important contributors for CHD. These genes are co-expressed in cardiac progenitor cells with TBX1, suggesting that they may be in the same genetic network. Some of the genes identified, such as KAT6A, KMT2C, CHD7 and EZH2, have been previously shown to genetically interact with TBX1 in mouse models, providing mechanistic validation of these genes found.

ConclusionsOur findings indicate that disturbance of chromatin regulatory genes impact a TBX1 gene network serving as genetic modifiers of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Since some of these chromatin regulatory genes were found in individuals with sporadic CHD, we suggest that there are shared mechanisms involving the TBX1 gene network in the etiology of CHD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald-McGinn, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowley, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGinn, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, O. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zackai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vorstman, J. A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vingerhoets, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Amelsvoort, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gothelf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swillen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breckpot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeesch, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Bree, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kates, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Repetto, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shashi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bearden, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Digilio, M. C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unolt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putotto, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marino, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pontillo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armando, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angkustsiri, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heine-Suner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Minaur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, L</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.507111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin regulators in the TBX1 network confer risk for conotruncal heart defects in 22q11.2DS and sporadic congenital heart disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510253v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
S100A4 plays a role in mouse arterial smooth muscle cell motility. Implication for intimal thickening formation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510253v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During atherosclerosis, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) migrate and accumulate in the intima, where they switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. This process is associated with decreased expression or loss of contractile proteins, such as -smooth muscle actin (-SMA) or smooth muscle myosin heavy chains (SMMHCs). We previously demonstrated that S100A4, a small calcium-binding protein, which exhibits intra- and extracellular functions, is a marker of the synthetic SMC phenotype. We have recently shown that neutralization of extracellular S100A4 in an ApoE knockout (KO) mouse model with established atherosclerotic lesions decreased the overall atherosclerotic burden. To explore the role of S100A4 in the accumulation of SMCs in the intima, we induced intimal thickening (IT) formation in full S100A4 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice by completely ligating the left common carotid artery. With this model, we generated SMC-rich lesions. The deletion of S100A4 did not influence the size of the IT, neither its composition, as assessed by the expression of -SMA and SMMHCs in S100A4 KO animals compared with WT animals, 4 weeks after ligation. Using primary cells isolated from both strains, we demonstrated that S100A4 KO SMCs were less prone to migrate than WT SMCs but they did not differ in their proliferative capacity. Our results indicate that S100A4 plays a role in SMC motility in vitro but its deletion does not influence IT formation in the mouse carotid artery ligation model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cardoso dos Santos, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingelhofer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochaton-Piallat, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.510253</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[S100A4 plays a role in mouse arterial smooth muscle cell motility. Implication for intimal thickening formation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Zur-mediated transcriptional regulation of the zinc export system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The control of cellular zinc (Zn) concentrations by dedicated import and export systems is essential for the survival and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The transcription of its many Zn transporters is therefore tightly regulated by a known set of transcription factors involved in either the import or the export of Zn. In this work, we show that the Zur protein, a well-known repressor of Zn import, plays a dual role and functions in both import and export processes. In a situation of Zn excess, Zur represses Zn entry, but also activates the transcription of czcR, a positive regulator of the Zn export system. To achieve this, Zur binds at two sites, located by DNA footprinting in the region downstream the czcR transcription start site. In agreement with this regulation, a delay in induction of the efflux system is observed in the absence of Zur and Zn resistance is affected. The discovery of this regulation highlights a new role of Zur as global regulator of Zn homeostasis in P. aeruginosa disclosing an important link between Zur and zinc export.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ducret, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leoni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perron, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.510347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Zur-mediated transcriptional regulation of the zinc export system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.508498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modelling Membrane Reshaping by Staged Polymerization of ESCRT-III Filaments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.508498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ESCRT-III filaments are composite cytoskeletal polymers that can constrict and cut cell membranes from the inside of the membrane neck. Membrane-bound ESCRT-III filaments undergo a series of dramatic composition and geometry changes in the presence of an ATP-consuming Vps4 enzyme, which causes stepwise changes in the membrane morphology. We set out to understand the physical mechanisms involved in translating the changes in ESCRT-III polymer composition into membrane deformation. We have built a coarse-grained model in which ESCRT-III polymers of different geometries and mechanical properties are allowed to copolymerise and bind to a deformable membrane. By modelling ATP-driven stepwise depolymerisation of specific polymers, we identify mechanical regimes in which changes in filament composition trigger the associated membrane transition from a flat to a buckled state, and then to a tubule state that eventually undergoes scission to release a small cargo-loaded vesicle. We then characterise how the location and kinetics of polymer loss affects the extent of membrane deformation and the efficiency of membrane neck scission. Our results identify the near-minimal mechanical conditions for the operation of shape-shifting composite polymers that sever membrane necks.

Author summaryESCRT-III proteins have the unique ability to cut membrane necks from within, which is needed for a vast number of cell remodelling events including the release of cargo-containing vesicles. ESCRT-III proteins exist in different forms, which can assemble into spiral and helical homopolymers of different curvatures, and they have been suggested to polymerize and depolymerize with each other in a staged manner to deform and cut membranes.

We developed a computer model to explore the physical mechanisms behind vesicle budding driven by the staged assembly and disassembly of multiple elastic filaments. We identified rules that determine the outcomes of membrane remodelling, which depend on the relative physical features of the distinct filaments, the dynamics of their disassembly, and on the presence of cargo; thereby providing experimentally testable predictions. Our study provides new physical insights into the ESCRT-III-mediated vesicle budding process, at a single subunit level, and identifies the general design principles of nanomachines built from shapeshifting copolymers, which might also be realized in synthetic systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harker-Kirschneck, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanhille Campos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfitzner, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lominadze, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saric, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.03.508498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modelling Membrane Reshaping by Staged Polymerization of ESCRT-III Filaments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 in human primary cells but no increased host range in cell lines of putative mammalian reservoir species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2s genetic plasticity has led to several variants of concern (VOCs). Here we studied replicative capacity for seven SARS-CoV-2 isolates (B.1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Zeta, and Omicron BA.1) in primary reconstituted airway epithelia (HAE) and lung-derived cell lines. Furthermore, to investigate the host range of Delta and Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2, we assessed replication in 17 cell lines from 11 non-primate mammalian species, including bats, rodents, insectivores and carnivores. Only Omicrons phenotype differed in vitro, with rapid but short replication and efficient production of infectious virus in nasal HAEs, in contrast to other VOCs, but not in lung cell lines. No increased infection efficiency for other species was observed, but Delta and Omicron infection efficiency was increased in A549 cells. Notably replication in A549 and Calu3 cells was lower than in nasal HAE. Our results suggest better adaptation of VOCs towards humans, without an extended host range.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Essaidi-Laziosi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez Rodriguez, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattonnet-Roche, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torriani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bekliz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adea, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preiser, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suliman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drosten, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckerle, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 in human primary cells but no increased host range in cell lines of putative mammalian reservoir species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 infection alkalinizes the ERGIC and lysosomes through the viroporin activity of the viral envelope protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the agent of the deadly COVID-19 pandemic, is an enveloped virus propagating within the endocytic and secretory organelles of host mammalian cells. Enveloped viruses modify the ionic homeostasis of organelles to render their intra-luminal milieu permissive for viral entry, replication, and egress. Here, we show that infection of Vero E6 cells with the delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 alkalinizes the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) as well as lysosomes, mimicking the effect of inhibitors of vacuolar proton ATPases. We further show the envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2 accumulates in the ERGIC when expressed in mammalian cells and selectively dissipates the ERGIC pH. This viroporin effect is not associated with acute cellular toxicity but is prevented by mutations within the channel pore of E. We conclude that the envelope protein acts as a proton channel in the ERGIC to mitigate the acidity of this intermediate compartment. The altered pH homeostasis of the ERGIC likely contributes to the virus fitness and pathogenicity, making the E channel an attractive drug target for the treatment of COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Want, W.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carreras Sureda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demaurex, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 infection alkalinizes the ERGIC and lysosomes through the viroporin activity of the viral envelope protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Apical-to-basal graded ROS metabolism in intact Hydra leads to distinct levels of injury-induced ROS signaling in apical and basal regenerating tips 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
After mid-gastric bisection, Hydra regenerates a head from the lower half and a basal disc from the upper one. What signals elicit two distinct regenerative responses in bisected Hydra remains unknown. A mathematical modeling approach based on quantitative data linked to MAPK activation and injury-induced cell death predicts an immediate release of a locally restricted short-lived signal in apical-regenerating tips. We found that Reactive oxygen species (ROS) fulfill this role as evidenced by the injury-induced production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), three-fold higher in apical-regenerating tips than in basal ones. By contrast, mitochondrial superoxide (mtO2.-) is similarly produced on each side of the cut, playing a positive role on wound healing as mtO2.- scavenging delays healing whereas knocking-down Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) leads to mtO2.- accumulation and acceleration of wound-healing. In intact Hydra, the ROS-processing enzyme activities are inversely graded along the body column, basal-to-apical for SOD and apical-to-basal for catalase, explaining the asymmetrical levels of H2O2 after bisection. High H2O2 levels trigger injury-induced cell death via paracrine signaling in apical-regenerating tips, where NOX4 and CYBB enzymes amplify them. Hence, the asymmetrical regulation of H2O2 levels immediately after amputation is crucial to activate two distinct regenerative responses in Hydra.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suknovic, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter-Karam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chara, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzgariu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinvalet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galliot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Apical-to-basal graded ROS metabolism in intact Hydra leads to distinct levels of injury-induced ROS signaling in apical and basal regenerating tips]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.12.511899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An RNA modification enzyme directly senses reactive oxygen species for translational regulation in Enterococcus faecalis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.12.511899v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria possess elaborate systems to manage reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS) arising from exposure to the mammalian immune system and environmental stresses. Here we report the discovery of an ROS-sensing RNA-modifying enzyme that regulates translation of stress-response proteins in the gut commensal and opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. We analyzed the tRNA epitranscriptome of E. faecalis in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) or sublethal doses of ROS-inducing antibiotics and identified large decreases in N2-methyladenosine (m2A) in both 23S ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. This we determined to be due to ROS-mediated inactivation of the Fe-S cluster-containing methyltransferase, RlmN. Genetic knockout of RlmN gave rise to a proteome that mimicked the oxidative stress response, with increased levels of superoxide dismutase and decreased virulence proteins. While tRNA modifications are established to be dynamic for fine-tuning translation, here we report the first instance of a dynamically regulated, environmentally responsive rRNA modification. These studies lead to model in which RlmN serves as a redox-sensitive molecular switch, directly relaying oxidative stress to modulating translation through the rRNA and the tRNA epitranscriptome, revealing a new paradigm for understanding direct regulation of the proteome by RNA modifications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loo, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.12.511899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An RNA modification enzyme directly senses reactive oxygen species for translational regulation in Enterococcus faecalis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.15.512376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian clock disruption promotes the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.15.512376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions are frequent comorbidities of Parkinsons disease (PD), a disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Although sleep/circadian disturbances can be observed years before diagnosing PD, it remains unclear whether circadian clocks have a causal role in the degenerative process. We demonstrated here that circadian clocks regulate the rhythmicity and magnitude of the vulnerability of DA neurons to oxidative stress in Drosophila. Circadian pacemaker neurons are presynaptic to a subset of DA neurons and rhythmically modulate their susceptibility to degeneration. The arrhythmic period (per) gene null mutation exacerbates the age-dependent loss of DA neurons and, in combination with brief oxidative stress, causes premature animal death. These findings suggest that circadian clock disruption promotes dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Majcin Dorcikova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duret, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pottie, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagoshi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.15.512376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian clock disruption promotes the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.512645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Purine and carbohydrate availability drive Enterococcus faecalis fitness during wound infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.512645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enterococcus faecalis is commonly isolated from a variety of wound types. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenic mechanisms of E. faecalis during wound infection are poorly understood. Using a mouse wound infection model, we performed in vivo E. faecalis transposon sequencing and RNA sequencing to identify fitness determinants that are crucial for replication and persistence of E. faecalis during wound infection. We found that E. faecalis purine biosynthesis genes are important for bacterial replication during the early stages of wound infection, a time when purine metabolites are rapidly consumed by E. faecalis within wounds. We also found that the E. faecalis MptABCD phosphotransferase system (PTS), involved in the import of galactose and mannose, is crucial for E. faecalis persistence within wounds of both healthy and diabetic mice, especially when carbohydrate availability changes throughout the course of infection. During in vitro growth with mannose as the sole carbohydrate source, shikimate and purine biosynthesis genes were downregulated in the OG1RF {Delta}mptD mutant compared to the isogenic wild-type strain, suggesting a link between mannose transport, shikimate, and purine biosynthesis. Together, our results suggest that dynamic and temporal microenvironment changes at the wound site affects pathogenic requirements and mechanisms of E. faecalis and raise the possibility of lowering exogenous purine availability and/or targeting galactose/mannose PTS to control wound infections.

IMPORTANCEAlthough E. faecalis is a common wound pathogen, its pathogenic mechanisms during wound infection are unexplored. Here, combining a mouse wound infection model with in vivo transposon and RNA sequencing approaches, we identified the E. faecalis purine biosynthetic pathway and galactose/mannose MptABCD phosphotransferase system as essential for E. faecalis acute replication and persistence during wound infection, respectively. The essentiality of purine biosynthesis and the MptABCD PTS is driven by the rapid consumption of purine metabolites by E. faecalis during acute replication and changing carbohydrate availability during the course of wound infection. Overall, our findings reveal the importance of the wound microenvironment in E. faecalis wound pathogenesis and how these metabolic pathways can be targeted to better control wound infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, C. A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, K. K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeong, D. Y. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, C. H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ismail, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tay, V. S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.17.512645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Purine and carbohydrate availability drive Enterococcus faecalis fitness during wound infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitoxantrone Targets Both Host and Bacteria to Overcome Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among Enterococci, intrinsic and acquired resistance to antibiotics such as {beta}-lactams and vancomycin critically limit treatment options for infection with these opportunistic pathogens. Antimicrobials that enhance the host immune response are emerging as alternative approaches, with the potential to overcome bacterial resistance. Here, we investigate the antibiotic and immunological activity of the anticancer agent mitoxantrone (MTX) in vitro and in vivo against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). We show that, in vitro, MTX is a potent antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ~1 g/ml through induction of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. MTX synergises with vancomycin and lowers the vancomycin concentration required to kill VRE by over 140-fold. This synergy is specific to vancomycin-resistant, but not susceptible strains because vancomycin rendered the resistant strains more permeable to MTX and thus MTX-mediated DNA damage. In a murine wound infection model, MTX treatment effectively reduced VRE bacterial numbers by 120-fold and with further reduction when combined with vancomycin. Wounds treated with MTX had significantly higher numbers of macrophages and higher pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to untreated wounds. In addition, MTX augmented intracellular bacterial killing by both murine and human macrophages by upregulating the expression of lysosomal hydrolases cathepsins D and H, and {beta}-Hexosaminidase. These results show that MTX is a potent antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria, synergizes with vancomycin, enhances macrophage recruitment and intracellular bactericidal activity, and represents a promising dual bacterium- and host-targeted therapeutic for overcoming vancomycin resistance.

One sentence summaryMitoxantrone synergizes with vancomycin against vancomycin resistant bacterial strains via direct antibiotic activity and by augmenting both host macrophage recruitment to the site of infection and macrophage bactericidal activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R. A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antypas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choo, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sing, L. T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veleba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitoxantrone Targets Both Host and Bacteria to Overcome Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-option of the transcription factor SALL1 in mole ovotestis formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes in gene expression represent an important source for phenotypical innovation. Yet, how such changes emerge and impact the evolution of traits remains elusive. Here, we explore the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of masculinizing ovotestes in female moles. By performing comparative analyses of epigenetic and transcriptional data in mole and mouse, we identified SALL1 as a co-opted gene for the formation of testicular tissue in mole ovotestes. Chromosome conformation capture analyses highlight a striking conservation of the 3D organization at the SALL1 locus, but a prominent evolutionary turnover of enhancer elements. Interspecies reporter assays support the capability of mole-specific enhancers to activate transcription in urogenital tissues. Through overexpression experiments in transgenic mice, we further demonstrate the capability of SALL1 to induce the ectopic gene expression programs that are a signature of mole ovotestes. Our results highlight the co-option of gene expression, through changes in enhancer activity, as a prominent mechanism for the evolution of traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schindler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osterwalder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harabula, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzika, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dechmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vingron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Real, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-option of the transcription factor SALL1 in mole ovotestis formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.29.514341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased neuron density in the midbrain of foveate birds results from profound change in tissue morphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.29.514341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The increase of brain neuron number in relation with brain size is currently considered to be the major evolutionary path to high cognitive power in amniotes. However, how changes in neuron density did contribute to the evolution of the information-processing capacity of the brain remains unanswered. High neuron densities are seen as the main reason why the fovea located at the optical center of the retina is responsible for sharp vision in birds and primates. The emergence of foveal vision is considered as a breakthrough innovation in visual system evolution. We found that neuron densities in the largest visual center of the midbrain - i.e., the optic tectum - are two to four times higher in modern birds with one or two foveae compared to birds deprived of this specialty. Interspecies comparisons enabled us to identify elements of a hitherto unknown developmental process set up by foveate birds for increasing neuron density in the upper layers of their optic tectum. The late progenitor cells that generate these neurons proliferate in a ventricular zone that can expand only radially. In this particular context, the number of cells in ontogenetic columns increases, thereby setting the conditions for higher cell densities in the upper layers once neurons did migrate.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=191 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/514341v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (32K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1861345org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15b5557org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13fec7borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1bea1bb_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIThe presence of a fovea is associated with increased neuron density in the optic tectum
C_LIO_LIFovea number and deepness influence neuron density in the optic tectum
C_LIO_LIIncreased neuron density in the upper layers of the optic tectum requires major developmental changes
C_LIO_LIPostponed cell migration, prolonged cell proliferation, hindered tissue growth are necessary settings for achieving high neuron density
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dib, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brethaut, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matter, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matter-Sadzinski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matter, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.29.514341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased neuron density in the midbrain of foveate birds results from profound change in tissue morphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inactivation of Influenza A virus by pH conditions encountered in expiratory aerosol particles results from localized conformational changes within Haemagglutinin and Matrix 1 proteins. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple respiratory viruses including Influenza A virus (IAV) can be transmitted via expiratory aerosol particles, and aerosol pH was recently identified as a major factor influencing airborne virus infectivity. For indoor air, small exhaled aerosols undergo rapid acidification to pH [~]4. IAV is known to be sensitive to mildly acidic conditions encountered within host endosomes, however, it is unknown whether the same mechanisms could mediate viral inactivation within the more acidic aerosol micro-environment. Here, we identified that transient exposure to pH 4 caused IAV inactivation by a two-stage process, with an initial sharp decline in infectious titers that was mainly attributed to premature attainment of the post-fusion conformation of viral protein haemagglutinin (HA). Changes to HA were observed by hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) as early as 10 seconds post-exposure to acidic conditions. In addition, virion integrity was partially but irreversibly affected by acidic conditions. This was attributed to a progressive unfolding of the internal matrix protein 1 (M1), and aligned with a more gradual decline in viral infectivity with time. In contrast, no acid-mediated changes to the genome or lipid envelope were detected. Our HDX-MS data are in agreement with other more labor-intensive structural analysis techniques such as X-ray crystallography, highlighting the usefulness of whole-virus HDX-MS for multiplexed protein analyses, even within enveloped viruses such as IAV. Improved understanding of respiratory virus fate within exhaled aerosols constitutes a global public health priority, and information gained here could aid development of novel strategies to control the airborne persistence of seasonal and/or pandemic influenza in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>David, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaub, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Angelo, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paz Montoya, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bluvshtein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugentobler, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Motos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pohl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Violaki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nenes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krieger, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stertz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.01.514690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inactivation of Influenza A virus by pH conditions encountered in expiratory aerosol particles results from localized conformational changes within Haemagglutinin and Matrix 1 proteins.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.514994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Organelle-specific photoactivation and dual-isotope labeling strategy reveals phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic flux 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.514994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism plays essential roles in eukaryotic cells but has not been completely resolved due to its complexity. This is because lipid species, unlike proteins or nucleic acids, cannot be easily manipulated at the single molecule level or controlled with subcellular resolution, two of the key factors toward understanding their functions. Here, we use the organelle-targeting photoactivation method to study PE metabolism in living cells with a high spatiotemporal resolution. Containing predefined PE structures, we designed probes which can be selectively introduced to the ER or mitochondria to compare their metabolic products according to their subcellular localization. We combined photo-uncaging method with dual stable isotopic labeling to track PE metabolism in living cells by mass spectrometry analysis. Our results reveal that both mitochondrial- and ER-released PE participate in phospholipid remodeling, and that PE methylation can be detectable only under particular conditions. Thus, our method provides a framework to study phospholipid metabolism at subcellular resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asaro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.03.514994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Organelle-specific photoactivation and dual-isotope labeling strategy reveals phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic flux]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Depleting cationic lipids involved in antimicrobial resistance drives adaptive lipid remodeling in Enterococcus faecalis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The bacterial cell membrane is an interface for cell envelope synthesis, protein secretion, virulence factor assembly and a target for host cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). To resist CAMP killing, several Gram-positive pathogens encode the multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF) enzyme that covalently attaches cationic amino acids to anionic phospholipids in the cell membrane. While E. faecalis encodes two mprF paralogs, MprF2 plays a dominant role in conferring resistance to killing by the CAMP human {beta}-defensin 2 (hBD-2) in E. faecalis strain OG1RF. The goal of the current study is to understand the broader lipidomic and functional roles of E. faecalis mprF. We analyzed the lipid profiles of parental wild type and mprF mutant strains and show that while {triangleup}mprF2 and {triangleup}mprF1 {triangleup}mprF2 mutants completely lacked cationic lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG), the {triangleup}mprF1 mutant synthesized [~]70% of L-PG compared to the parent. Unexpectedly, we also observed a significant reduction of PG in {triangleup}mprF2 and {triangleup}mprF1 {triangleup}mprF2. In the mprF mutants, particularly {triangleup}mprF1 {triangleup}mprF2, the decrease in L-PG and PG is compensated by an increase in the phosphorus-containing lipid, GPDGDAG, and D-ala-GPDGDAG. These changes were accompanied by a downregulation of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and an accumulation of long-chain acyl-acyl carrier proteins (long-chain acyl-ACPs), suggesting that the suppression of fatty acid biosynthesis was mediated by the transcriptional repressor FabT. Growth in chemically defined media lacking fatty acids revealed severe growth defects in the {triangleup}mprF1 {triangleup}mprF2 mutant strain, but not the single mutants, which was partially rescued through supplementation with palmitic and stearic acids. Changes in lipid homeostasis correlated with lower membrane fluidity, impaired protein secretion, and increased biofilm formation in both {triangleup}mprF2 and {triangleup}mprF1 {triangleup}mprF2, compared to wild type and {triangleup}mprF1. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for mprF in global lipid regulation and cellular physiology, which could facilitate the development of novel therapeutics targeting MprF.

Significance StatementThe cell membrane plays a pivotal role in protecting bacteria against external threats, such as antibiotics. Cationic phospholipids such as lysyl-phosphatidyglycerol (L-PG) resist the action of cationic antimicrobial peptides through electrostatic repulsion. Here we demonstrate that L-PG depletion has several unexpected consequences in Enterococcus faecalis, including a reduction of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), enrichment of a phosphorus-containing lipid, reduced fatty acid synthesis accompanied by an accumulation of long-chain acyl-acyl carrier proteins (long chain acyl-ACPs), lower membrane fluidity, and impaired secretion. These changes are not deleterious to the organism as long as exogenous fatty acids are available for uptake from the culture medium. Our findings suggest an adaptive mechanism involving compensatory changes across the entire lipidome upon removal of a single phospholipid modification. Such adaptations must be considered when devising antimicrobial strategies that target membrane lipids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rashid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chia, D. M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, K. K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazenave-Gassiot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morley, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chng, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenk, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Depleting cationic lipids involved in antimicrobial resistance drives adaptive lipid remodeling in Enterococcus faecalis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insular cortex to ventral striatum synapses encode valence of social interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nature of social interactions determines engagement or avoidance with conspecifics. Here, we explore the circuit mechanisms that guide approach or avoidance behavior in mice based on the valence of previous social interactions. We identify a novel circuit connecting D1 receptor expressing neurons of the anterior insular cortex (AIC) to D1R expressing neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These cells become active during social interactions in a valence-dependent manner. Lower frequency patterns encoded appetitive interactions, while aversive interactions led to higher activation. These activity patterns elicited distinct forms of synaptic plasticity in the accumbal target neurons, which were causal for subsequent approach or avoidance behavior. Our results unravel the synaptic mechanisms instructing behavior after the social interaction of opposite valence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Espinosa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucchini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campanelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiriticco, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.08.515650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insular cortex to ventral striatum synapses encode valence of social interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanoscopy of organelles and tissues with iterative ultrastructure expansion microscopy (iU-ExM) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expansion microscopy is an approach of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy that does not yet achieve the precision of nanoscopy techniques such as single-molecule light microscopy (SMLM). Here, we developed an iterative ultrastructure expansion microscopy approach (iU-ExM), which now matches the SMLM resolution as demonstrated using standard references such as the nuclear pores. Applicable to both cells and tissues, iU-ExM allows a broad research community to access high precision super-resolution microscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Louvel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanoscopy of organelles and tissues with iterative ultrastructure expansion microscopy (iU-ExM)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type-specific assessment of cholesterol distribution in models of neurodevelopmental disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most nervous system disorders manifest through alterations in neuronal signaling based on abnormalities in neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and cell survival. However, such neuronal phenotypes are frequently accompanied - or even caused - by metabolic dysfunctions in neuronal or non-neuronal cells. The tight packing and highly heterogenous properties of neural, glial and vascular cell types pose significant challenges to dissecting metabolic aspects of brain disorders. Perturbed cholesterol homeostasis has recently emerged as key parameter associated with sub-sets of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, approaches for tracking and visualizing endogenous cholesterol distribution in the brain have limited capability of resolving cell type-specific differences. We here develop tools for genetically-encoded sensors that report on cholesterol distribution in the mouse brain with cellular resolution. We apply these probes to examine sub-cellular cholesterol accumulation in two genetic mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders, Npc1 and Ptchd1 knock-out mice. While both genes encode proteins with sterol-sensing domains that have been implicated in cholesterol transport, we uncover highly selective and cell type-specific phenotypes in cholesterol homeostasis. The tools established in this work should facilitate probing sub-cellular cholesterol distribution in complex tissues like the mammalian brain and enable capturing cell type-specific alterations in cholesterol flow between cells in models of brain disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Czernecki, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Innocenti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfrieger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheiffele, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.516849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type-specific assessment of cholesterol distribution in models of neurodevelopmental disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architecture of chloroplast TOC-TIC translocon supercomplex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chloroplasts rely on the translocon complexes in the outer and inner envelope membranes (termed TOC and TIC, respectively) to import thousands of different nuclear-encoded proteins from the cytosol1-4. While previous studies indicated that the TOC and TIC complexes may assemble into larger supercomplexes5-7, the overall architectures of the TOC-TIC supercomplexes and the mechanism of preprotein translocation are elusive. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the TOC-TIC supercomplex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at an overall resolution of 2.8 [A]. The major subunits of the TOC complex (Toc75, Toc90 and Toc34) and TIC complex (Tic214, Tic20, Tic100 and Tic56), three chloroplast translocon-associated proteins (Ctap3, Ctap4 and Ctap5) and three newly-identified small inner-membrane proteins (Simp1-3) have been located in the supercomplex. As the largest protein, Tic214 traverses the inner membrane, the intermembrane space and the outer membrane, connecting the TOC complex with the TIC proteins. An inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6 or I6P) molecule is located at the Tic214-Toc90 interface and stabilizes their assembly. Moreover, four lipid molecules are located within or above an inner-membrane funnel formed by Tic214, Tic20, Simp1 and Ctap5. Furthermore, multiple potential pathways found in the TOC-TIC supercomplex may support translocation of different substrate preproteins into chloroplasts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochaix, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.20.517165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architecture of chloroplast TOC-TIC translocon supercomplex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Running Kinesin-1 shapes the microtubule acetylation gradient 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The properties of single microtubules within the microtubule network can be modulated through posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation within the lumen of microtubules. To access the lumen, the enzymes could either enter through the microtubule ends or at damage sites along the microtubule shaft. Here we show that the acetylation profile depends on damage sites, which can be caused by the motor protein kinesin-1. Indeed, the entry of the deacetylase HDAC6 into the microtubule lumen depends on kinesin-1-induced damage sites. In contrast, activity of the microtubule acetylase TAT1 is independent of kinesin-1 and shaft damage. On a cellular level, our results show that microtubule acetylation distributes in an exponential gradient. This gradient results from tight regulation of microtubule (de-)acetylation and scales with the size of the cells. The control of shaft damage represents a novel mechanism to regulate PTM inside the microtubule by giving access to the lumen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andreu-Carbo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egoldt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velluz, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.01.518806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Running Kinesin-1 shapes the microtubule acetylation gradient]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PDX3 is important for carbon/nitrogen balance in Arabidopsis associated with distinct environmental conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To survive and proliferate in diverse environments with varying climate and nutrient availability, plants modulate their metabolism. Achieving a balance between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) use such that growth and defense mechanisms can be appropriately controlled is critical for plant fitness. The identification of factors that regulate C/N utilization in plants can make a significant contribution to optimization of plant health. Here we show that pyridox(am)ine 5-phosphate oxidase (PDX3), which regulates vitamin B6 homeostasis, influences C/N balance. The B6 vitamer imbalance resulting from loss of PDX3 leads to over-accumulation of nitrogenous compounds. A combination of increased glutamate dehydrogenase activity, impairment in the photorespiratory cycle and inappropriate use of endogenous ammonium fuel the metabolic imbalance. Growth at elevated CO2 levels further exacerbates the pdx3 phenotypes. Interestingly, serine supplementation rescues growth under high CO2 likely bypassing the phosphorylated pathway of biosynthesis suggesting that this amino acid is an important commodity. We show that PDX3 function appears dispensable upon thermomorphogenesis, a condition that favors C metabolism. Furthermore, while a low ammonium to nitrate ratio likely accounts for overstimulation of salicylic acid (SA) defense responses in pdx3 lines that compromises growth, a basal level of SA protects against loss of PDX3 biochemical function. Overall, the study highlights environmental scenarios where vitamin B6 homeostasis, as managed by the salvage pathway enzyme PDX3, is critical and provides insight into how plants reprogram their metabolism under such conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steensma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenhut, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colinas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosado-Souza, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernie, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, A. P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.06.519276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PDX3 is important for carbon/nitrogen balance in Arabidopsis associated with distinct environmental conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The utility and caveat of split-GAL4s in the study of neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, afflicting over 1% of the population of age 60 years and above. The loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons is the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is the primary cause of its characteristic motor symptoms. Studies using Drosophila melanogaster and other model systems have provided much insight into the pathogenesis of PD. However, little is known why certain cell types are selectively susceptible to degeneration in PD. Here we describe an approach to identify vulnerable subpopulations of neurons in the genetic background linked to PD in Drosophila, using the split-GAL4 divers that enable genetic manipulation of a small number of defined cell population. We identify a subtype of DA neurons selectively vulnerable in the model of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)-linked familial PD, demonstrating the utility of this approach. We also show an unexpected caveat of the split-GAL4 system in aging-related research: the age-dependent increase in the number of GAL4-labeled cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stickley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagoshi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.06.519338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The utility and caveat of split-GAL4s in the study of neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proximity labelling allows to study novel factors in chloroplast development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chloroplast development is initiated by light-signals triggering the expression of nuclear encoded chloroplast genes in a first phase, followed by massive structural changes in the transition from proplastids to mature chloroplasts in the second phase. While the molecular players involved in the first phase are currently emerging, regulatory components of the second phase, demanding high plastid translational capacity and RNA processing, are still enigmatic. This is mostly due to the very limited amount of plant material at the early phases of development that makes biochemical studies such as identifying protein interaction networks very difficult. To overcome this problem, we developed a TurboID-based proximity labelling workflow that requires only very limited sample amounts to obtain mechanistic insights into protein interaction networks present in the early stages of plastid development. We used the CGL20a protein, a novel factor involved in chloroplast development, as bait for in vivo proximity labelling in developing seedlings 7 days after germination. We found that CGL20a resides in a nexus of RNA binding proteins mainly associated to ribosomal RNA (rRNA) including different ribosome-associated proteins.

One-sentence summaryThe use of plastid-specific in vivo proximity labelling in Arabidopsis seedlings allows to identify novel components in chloroplast development in higher plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wurzinger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stael, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonardelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perolo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melzer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afjehi-Sadat, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weckwerth, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teige, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proximity labelling allows to study novel factors in chloroplast development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.520050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subcellular location defines GPCR signal transduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.520050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G protein-coupled receptors in intracellular organelles can be activated in response to membrane permeant ligands, which contributes to the diversity and specificity of agonist action. The opioid receptors (ORs) provide a striking example, where opioid drugs activate ORs in the Golgi apparatus within seconds of drug addition. Till date, our knowledge on the signaling of intracellular GPCRs remains incomplete and it is unknown if the downstream effects triggered by ORs in plasma membrane and Golgi apparatus differ. To address this gap, we first assess the recruitment of signal transducers to ORs in both compartments. We find that Golgi-localized ORs couple to Gi/o probes and are phosphorylated by GPCR kinases (GRK2/3), but unlike plasma membrane receptors, do not recruit {beta}-arrestin or a specific G probe. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations with OR-transducer complexes in model bilayers mimicking plasma membrane or Golgi composition reveal that the lipid environment promotes location selective coupling. Unbiased global analyses then show that OR activation in the plasma membrane and Golgi apparatus has strikingly different downstream effects on transcription and protein phosphorylation. Taken together, the study delineates OR signal transduction with unprecedented spatial resolution and reveals that the subcellular location defines the signaling effect of opioid drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Radoux-Mergault, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberhauser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.12.520050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subcellular location defines GPCR signal transduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Habitual ground nesting in the Bugoma Forest chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), Uganda. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report the presence of habitual ground nesting in a newly studied East African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) population in the Bugoma Central Forest Reserve, Uganda. Across a 2-year period we encountered 891 night-nests, 189 of which were classified as ground nests, a rate of [~]21%. We find no preliminary evidence of socio-ecological factors that would promote its use and highlight local factors, such as high incidence of forest disturbance due to poaching and logging, which appear to make its use disadvantageous. While further study is required to establish whether this behaviour meets the strict criteria for non-human animal culture, we support the argument that the wider use of population and group-specific behavioural repertoires in flagship species, such as chimpanzees, offers a tool to promote the urgent conservation action needed to protect threatened ecosystems, including the Bugoma forest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hobaiter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.14.520400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Habitual ground nesting in the Bugoma Forest chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), Uganda.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polarity-driven three-dimensional spontaneous rotation of a cell doublet 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell mechanical interactions play a fundamental role in the self-organisation of organisms. How these interactions drive coordinated cell movement in three-dimensions remains unclear. Here we report that cell doublets embedded in a 3D extracellular matrix undergo spontaneous rotations and we investigate the rotation mechanism using live cell imaging, quantitative measurements, mechanical perturbations, and theory. We find that rotation is driven by a polarized distribution of myosin within cell cortices. The mismatched orientation of this polarized distribution breaks the doublet mirror symmetry. In addition, cells adhere at their interface through adherens junctions and with the extracellular matrix through focal contacts near myosin clusters. Using a physical theory describing the doublet as two interacting active surfaces, we find that rotation is driven by myosin-generated gradients of active tension, whose profiles are dictated by interacting cell polarity axes. We show that interface three-dimensional shapes can be understood from the Curie principle: shapes symmetries are related to broken symmetries of myosin distribution in cortices. To test for the rotation mechanism, we suppress myosin clusters using laser ablation and we generate new myosin clusters by optogenetics. Our work clarifies how polarity-oriented active mechanical forces drive collective cell motion in three dimensions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guyomar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vagne, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthoz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres-Sanchez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Lemaitre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Unen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honigmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pertz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riveline, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.21.521355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polarity-driven three-dimensional spontaneous rotation of a cell doublet]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Friction patterns guide actin network contraction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The shape of cells is the outcome of the balance of inner forces produced by the actomyosin network and the resistive forces produced by cell adhesion to their environment. The specific contributions of contractile, anchoring and friction forces to network deformation rate and orientation are difficult to disentangle in living cells where they influence each other. Here, we reconstituted contractile acto-myosin networks in vitro to study specifically the role of the friction forces between the network and its anchoring substrate. To modulate the magnitude and spatial distribution of friction forces, we micropatterned actin nucleation promoting factors on glass or on a lipid bilayer. We adapted their concentrations on each surface to induce the assembly of actin networks of similar densities, and compare the deformation of the network toward the centroid of the pattern shape upon myosin-induced contraction. We found that actin network deformation was faster and more coordinated on lipid bilayers than on glass, showing the resistance of friction to network contraction. To further study the role of the spatial distribution of these friction forces, we designed heterogeneous micropatterns made of glass and lipids. The deformation upon contraction was no longer symmetric but biased toward the region of higher friction. Furthermore, we showed that the pattern of friction could robustly drive network contraction and dominate the contribution of asymmetric distributions of myosins. Therefore, we demonstrate that during contraction both the active and resistive forces are essential to direct the actin network deformation.

Significance statementCell shape changes are controlled by complex sets of mechanical forces of various origins. Numerous studies have been dedicated to the role of active forces, originating from molecular motors and filament polymerization, but much less is known about the guiding role of resistive forces. Here we show that a non-uniform distribution of friction forces between a contracting acto-myosin network and its underlying substrate can direct its deformation as it contracts. Our results suggest that the contribution of resistive forces, such as anchoring forces but also less specific viscous forces along cell surface, can be as significant as those of active forces in driving network deformation and should be considered in mechanical models describing the regulation of cell shape and movements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orhant-Prioux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savinov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scarfone, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Cruz, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mogilner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thery, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanchoin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.21.521384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Friction patterns guide actin network contraction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The lipid transfer proteins Nir2 and Nir3 sustain phosphoinositide signaling and actin dynamics during phagocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes in membrane phosphoinositides and local Ca2+ elevations at sites of particle capture coordinate the dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during phagocytosis. Here, we show that the phosphatidylinositol (PI) transfer proteins PITPNM1 (Nir2) and PITPNM2 (Nir3) maintain PI(4,5)P2 homeostasis at phagocytic cups, thereby promoting actin contractility and the sealing of phagosomes. Nir3 and to a lesser extent Nir2 accumulated in ER cisternae juxtaposed to phagocytic cups when expressed in phagocytic mouse fibroblasts. CRISPR-Cas9 editing of Nir2 and Nir3 genes decreased plasma membrane PI(4,5)P2 levels, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and receptor-mediated phagocytosis, stalling particle capture at cup stage. Re-expression of either Nir2 or Nir3 restored phagocytosis, but not SOCE, proportionally to the PM PI(4,5)P2 levels. Phagosomes forming in Nir2/3-edited cells had decreased overall PI(4,5)P2 levels but normal periphagosomal Ca2+ signals. Nir2/3 editing reduced the density of contractile actin rings at sites of particle capture, causing repetitive low-intensity contractile events indicative of abortive phagosome closure. We conclude that Nir-mediated lipid transfer maintains phosphoinositide homeostasis at phagocytic cups, thereby sustaining the signals that initiate the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during phagocytosis.

Summary statementChanges in membrane phosphoinositides coordinate actin remodeling during phagocytosis, but whether lipid transport proteins contribute to this process is not known. Here, we show that the phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins Nir2 and Nir3 are recruited to phagocytic cups and drive the formation of contractile actin rings during particle engulfment. Using gene editing and re-expression, we show that Nir2 and Nir3 maintain PI(4,5)P2 signaling competence at phagocytic cups and promote the actin-dependent sealing of phagocytic vacuoles. These observations establish that lipid transport proteins maintain the phosphoinositide signals that drive the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during phagocytosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carreras-Sureda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes-Hasler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demaurex, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.21.521447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The lipid transfer proteins Nir2 and Nir3 sustain phosphoinositide signaling and actin dynamics during phagocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The worldwide expansion of modern humans (Homo sapiens) from Africa started before the extinction of Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis). Both species coexisted and interbred, as revealed by the sequencing of Neanderthal genomes, leading to ~2% Neanderthal DNA in modern Eurasians1,2, with slightly higher introgression in East Asians than in Europeans3-6. These distinct levels of ancestry have been argued to result from selection processes7,8. However, recent theoretical simulations have shown that range expansions could be another explanation9,10. This hypothesis would lead to the generation of spatial gradients of introgression, increasing with the distance from the source of the expansion, i.e., Africa for modern humans. Here, we investigate the presence of Neanderthal introgression gradients after past human expansions by analysing an extended palaeogenomic dataset of Eurasian populations. Our results show that the Out-of-Africa expansion of modern humans into Eurasia resulted in spatial gradients of Neanderthal ancestry that persisted through time. Moreover, while keeping the same gradient orientation, the expansion of early Neolithic farmers into western Eurasia contributed decisively to reducing the average level of Neandertal genomic introgression in European compared to Asian populations. This is because Neolithic farmers carried less Neanderthal DNA than preceding Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. This study shows that inferences about past population dynamics within our species can be made from the spatiotemporal variation in archaic introgression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quilodran, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsoupas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.22.521596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Is short sleep bad for the brain? Brain structure and cognitive function in short sleepers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many sleep less than recommended without experiencing daytime tiredness. According to prevailing views, short sleep increases risk of lower brain health and cognitive function. Chronic mild sleep deprivation could cause undetected sleep debt, negatively affecting cognitive function and brain health. However, it is possible that some have less sleep need and are more resistant to negative effects of sleep loss. We investigated this question using a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal sample of 47,029 participants (age 20-89 years) with measures of self-reported sleep, including 51,295 MRIs of the brain and cognitive tests. 701 participants who reported to sleep < 6 hours did not experience daytime tiredness or sleep problems. These short sleepers showed significantly larger regional brain volumes than both short sleepers with daytime tiredness and sleep problems (n = 1619) and participants sleeping the recommended 7-8 hours (n = 3754). However, both groups of short sleepers showed slightly lower general cognitive function, 0.16 and 0.19 standard deviations, respectively. Analyses using acelerometer-estimated sleep duration confirmed the findings, and the associations remained after controlling for body mass index, depression symptoms, income and education. The results suggest that some people can cope with less sleep without obvious negative consequences for brain morphometry, in line with a view on sleep need as individualized. Tiredness and sleep problems seem to be more relevant for brain structural differences than sleep duration per se. However, the slightly lower performance on tests of general cognitive function warrants closer examination by experimental designs in natural settings.

Significance statementShort habitual sleep is prevalent, with unknown consequences for brain health and cognitive performance. Here we show that daytime tiredness and sleep problems are more important variables for regional brain volumes than sleep duration. However, participants sleeping < 6 hours had slightly lower scores on tests of general cognitive function. This indicates that sleep need is individual, and that sleep duration per se may be a less relevant variable for brain health than daytime tiredness and sleep problems. The association between habitual short sleep and lower scores on tests of general cogntitive function must be further scrutinized in natural settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fjell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amlien, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barre, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartres-Faz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boraxbekk, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandmaier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demuth, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drevon, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebmeier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghisletta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kievit, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sole-Padulles, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal-Pineiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watne, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walhovd, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.22.521614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Is short sleep bad for the brain? Brain structure and cognitive function in short sleepers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of NR5A1 in Sertoli cells after sex determination changes their cellular identity and induces their death by anoikis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NR5A1 is an orphan nuclear receptor crucial for gonadal development in mammals. In the mouse testis it is expressed both in Sertoli cells (SC) and Leydig cells (LC). To investigate its role posteriorly to sex determination, we have generated and analysed mice lacking NR5A1 in SC from embryonic day (E) 13.5 onwards (Nr5a1SC-/- mutants). Ablation of Nr5a1 impairs the expression of genes characteristic of SC identity (e.g., Sox9, Amh), makes SC to progressively die from E14.5 by a Trp53-independent mechanism, and induces disorganization of the testis cords, which, together, yields germ cells (GC) to prematurely enter meiosis and die, instead of becoming quiescent. Single-cell RNA-sequencing experiments revealed that Nr5a1-deficient SC acquire a pre-granulosa cell-like identity, and profoundly modify the landscape of the adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix they express. We propose therefore that SC lacking NR5A1 transdifferentiate and die by anoikis. Fetal LC do not display major changes in their transcriptome, indicating that SC are not required beyond E14.5 for their emergence or maintenance. In contrast, adult LC were missing in Nr5a1SC-/- postnatal testes. In addition, adult males display Mullerian duct derivatives (i.e., uterus, vagina), as well as a decreased anogenital distance and a shorter penis that can be explained by loss of AMH production and defective HSD17B1- and HSD17B3-mediated synthesis of testosterone in SC during fetal life. Together, our findings indicate that Nr5a1 expressed in SC after the period of sex determination safeguards SC identity, which maintains proper seminiferous cord organization and prevents GC to enter meiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>SOUALI-CRESPO, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CONDREA, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VERNET, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FERET, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KLOPFENSTEIN, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GRANDGIRARD, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ALUNNI, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CERCIAT, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>JUNG, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MAYERE, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NEF, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MARK, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHALMEL, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GHYSELINCK, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.04.522755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of NR5A1 in Sertoli cells after sex determination changes their cellular identity and induces their death by anoikis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomic profiling redefines the origin and specification of early adrenogonadal progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adrenal cortex and gonads represent the two major steroidogenic organs in mammals. Both tissues are considered to share a common developmental origin characterized by the expression of Nr5a1/Sf1. The precise origin of adrenogonadal progenitors and the processes driving differentiation toward the adrenal or gonadal fate remain, however, elusive. Here we provide a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of early mouse adrenogonadal development including 52 cell types belonging to twelve major cell lineages. Trajectory reconstruction reveals that adrenogonadal cells emerge from the lateral plate rather than the intermediate mesoderm. Surprisingly, gonadal and adrenal fates show distinct molecular signatures upon Nr5a1 induction indicating the two tissues are specified independently. Finally, lineage separation into gonadal and adrenal fate involves canonical versus non-canonical Wnt signaling and differential expression of Hox patterning genes. Thus our study provides important insights into the molecular programs of adrenal and gonadal fate choice and will be a valuable resource for further research into early adrenogonadal ontogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neirijnck, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sararols, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhne, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schedl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptomic profiling redefines the origin and specification of early adrenogonadal progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of ribosome-associated mRNA degradation during tubulin autoregulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARYMicrotubules play crucial roles in cellular architecture, intracellular transport, and mitosis. The availability of free tubulin subunits impacts polymerization dynamics and microtubule function. When cells sense excess free tubulin, they trigger degradation of the encoding mRNAs, which requires recognition of the nascent polypeptide by the tubulin-specific ribosome-binding factor TTC5. How TTC5 initiates decay of tubulin mRNAs is unknown. Here, our biochemical and structural analysis reveals that TTC5 recruits the poorly studied protein SCAPER to the ribosome. SCAPER in turn engages the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex through its CNOT11 subunit to trigger tubulin mRNA decay. SCAPER mutants that cause intellectual disability and retinitis pigmentosa in humans are impaired in CCR4-NOT recruitment, tubulin mRNA degradation, and microtubule-dependent chromosome segregation. Our findings demonstrate how recognition of a nascent polypeptide on the ribosome is physically linked to mRNA decay factors via a relay of protein-protein interactions, providing a paradigm for specificity in cytoplasmic gene regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Höpfler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Absmeier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peak-Chew, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vartholomaiou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passmore, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegde, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.12.523749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of ribosome-associated mRNA degradation during tubulin autoregulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Probing the sub-cellular mechanisms of LCA5-Leber Congenital Amaurosis and associated gene therapy with expansion microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) is a group of Inherited Retinal Diseases (IRDs) characterized by the early onset and rapid loss of photoreceptor cells. Despite the discovery of a growing number of genes associated with this disease, the molecular mechanisms of photoreceptor cell degeneration of most LCA subtypes remain poorly understood. Here, using retina-specific affinity proteomics combined with Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy (U-ExM), we revealed the structural and molecular defects underlying LCA type 5 (LCA5) with unprecedented resolution. We showed that LCA5-encoded lebercilin, together with Retinitis Pigmentosa 1 protein (RP1) and the intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins IFT81 and IFT88, localize at the bulge region of the photoreceptor outer segment (OS), a region crucial for OS membrane disc formation. Next, we demonstrated that mutant mice deficient for lebercilin exhibit early axonemal defects at the bulge region and the distal OS, accompanied by reduced level of RP1 and IFT proteins, affecting membrane disc formation and presumably leading to photoreceptor death. Finally, we probed the LCA5 gene augmentation therapy strategy using U-ExM by monitoring its subcellular outcome. We found that, expression of LCA5 partially restores the bulge region, preserves OS axoneme structure and membrane disc formation, as well as photoreceptor survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junger, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garanto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ueffing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collin, R. W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boldt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roepman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.17.524360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Probing the sub-cellular mechanisms of LCA5-Leber Congenital Amaurosis and associated gene therapy with expansion microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ensemble of deep learning language models to support the creation of living systematic reviews for the COVID-19 literature: a retrospective study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented amount of scientific publications, growing at a pace never seen before. Multiple living systematic reviews have been developed to assist professionals with up-to-date and trustworthy health information, but it is increasingly challenging for systematic reviewers to keep up with the evidence in electronic databases. We aimed to investigate deep learning-based machine learning algorithms to classify COVID-19 related publications to help scale-up the epidemiological curation process.

MethodsIn this retrospective study, five different pre-trained deep learning-based language models were fine-tuned on a dataset of 6,365 publications manually classified into two classes, three subclasses and 22 sub-subclasses relevant for epidemiological triage purposes. In a k-fold cross-validation setting, each standalone model was assessed on a classification task and compared against an ensemble, which takes the standalone model predictions as input and uses different strategies to infer the optimal article class. A ranking task was also considered, in which the model outputs a ranked list of sub-subclasses associated with the article.

ResultsThe ensemble model significantly outperformed the standalone classifiers, achieving a F1-score of 89.2 at the class level of the classification task. The difference between the standalone and ensemble models increases at the sub-subclass level, where the ensemble reaches a micro F1-score of 70% against 67% for the best performing standalone model. For the ranking task, the ensemble obtained the highest recall@3, with a performance of 89%. Using an unanimity voting rule, the ensemble can provide predictions with higher confidence on a subset of the data, achieving detection of original papers with a F1-score up to 97% on a subset of 80% of the collection instead of 93% on the whole dataset.

ConclusionThis study shows the potential of using deep learning language models to perform triage of COVID-19 references efficiently and support epidemiological curation and review. The ensemble consistently and significantly outperforms any standalone model. Fine-tuning the voting strategy thresholds is an interesting alternative to annotate a subset with higher predictive confidence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knafou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borissov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Counotte, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imeri, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipekci, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitrago-Garcia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heron, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teodoro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.18.524571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ensemble of deep learning language models to support the creation of living systematic reviews for the COVID-19 literature: a retrospective study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and regulatory insights into the glideosome-associated connector from Toxoplasma gondii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phylum of Apicomplexa groups intracellular parasites that employ substratedependent gliding motility to invade host cells, egress from the infected cells and cross biological barriers. The glideosome associated connector (GAC) is a conserved protein essential to this process. GAC facilitates the association of actin filaments with surface transmembrane adhesins and the efficient transmission of the force generated by myosin translocation of actin to the cell surface substrate. Here, we present the crystal structure of Toxoplasma gondii GAC and reveal a unique, supercoiled armadillo repeat region that adopts a closed ring conformation. Characterisation of the membrane binding interface within the C-terminal PH domain as well as an N-terminal fragment necessary for association with F-actin suggest that GAC adopts multiple conformations. A multi-conformational model for assembly of GAC within the glideosome is proposed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dos Santos Pacheco, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darvill, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stylianou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and regulatory insights into the glideosome-associated connector from Toxoplasma gondii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.525547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hsf1 and the molecular chaperone Hsp90 support a "rewiring stress response" leading to an adaptive cell size increase in chronic stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.525547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells are exposed to a wide variety of internal and external stresses. Whereas many studies have focused on cellular responses to acute and severe stresses, little is known about how cellular systems adapt to sublethal chronic stresses. Using mammalian cells in culture, we discovered that they adapt to chronic mild stresses of up to two weeks, notably proteotoxic stresses such as heat, by increasing their size and translation, thereby scaling the amount of total protein. These adaptations render them more resilient to persistent and subsequent stresses. We demonstrate that Hsf1, well known for its role in acute stress responses, is required for the cell size increase, and that the molecular chaperone Hsp90 is essential for coupling the cell size increase to augmented translation. We term this translational reprogramming the "rewiring stress response", and propose that this protective process of chronic stress adaptation contributes to the increase in size as cells get older, and that its failure promotes aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maiti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wider, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hany, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panasenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.25.525547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hsf1 and the molecular chaperone Hsp90 support a "rewiring stress response" leading to an adaptive cell size increase in chronic stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural substrates of parallel devaluation-sensitive and devaluation-insensitive Pavlovian learning in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pavlovian learning depends on multiple and parallel associations leading to distinct classes of conditioned responses that vary in their flexibility following changes in the value of an associated outcome. Here, we aimed to differentiate brain areas involved in learning and encoding associations that are sensitive to changes in the value of an outcome from those that are not sensitive to such changes. To address this question, we combined a Pavlovian learning task with outcome devaluation, eye-tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used computational modeling to identify brain regions involved in learning stimulus-reward associations and stimulus-stimulus associations, by testing for brain areas correlating with reward-prediction errors and state-prediction errors, respectively. We found that, contrary to theoretical predictions about reward prediction errors being exclusively model-free, voxels correlating with reward prediction errors in the ventral striatum and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex were sensitive to devaluation. On the other hand, brain areas correlating with state prediction errors were found to be devaluation insensitive. In a supplementary analysis, we distinguished brain regions encoding predictions about outcome taste identity from those involved in encoding predictions about its expected spatial location. A subset of regions involved in taste identity predictions were devaluation sensitive while those involved in encoding predictions about spatial location were devaluation insensitive. These findings provide insights into the role of multiple associative mechanisms in the brain in mediating Pavlovian conditioned behavior - illustrating how distinct neural pathways can in parallel produce both devaluation sensitive and devaluation insensitive behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pool, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Doherty, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural substrates of parallel devaluation-sensitive and devaluation-insensitive Pavlovian learning in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New tools to study the interaction between integrins and latent TGFbeta1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF{beta}) 1 regulates cell differentiation and proliferation in different physiological settings, but is also involved in fibrotic progression and protects tumors from the immune system. Integrin V{beta}6 has been shown to activate latent TGF{beta}1 by applying mechanical forces onto the latency-associated peptide (LAP). While the extracellular binding between V{beta}6 and LAP1 is well characterized, less is known about the cytoplasmic adaptations that enable V{beta}6 to apply such forces. Here, we generated new tools to facilitate the analysis of this interaction. We combined the integrin-binding part of LAP1 with a GFP and the Fc chain of human IgG. This chimeric protein, sLAP1, revealed a mechanical rearrangement of immobilized sLAP1 by V{beta}6 integrin. This unique interaction was not observed between sLAP1 and other integrins. We also analyzed V{beta}6 integrin binding to LAP2 and LAP3 by creating respective sLAPs. Compared to sLAP1, integrin V{beta}6 showed less binding to sLAP3 and no rearrangement. These observations indicate differences in the binding of V{beta}6 to LAP1 and LAP3 that have not been appreciated so far. Finally, V{beta}6-sLAP1 interaction was maintained even at strongly reduced cellular contractility, highlighting the special mechanical connection between V{beta}6 integrin and latent TGF{beta}1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bachmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burri, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehrle-Haller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New tools to study the interaction between integrins and latent TGFbeta1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient image analysis for large-scale next generation histopathology using pAPRica 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The large size of imaging datasets generated by next-generation histology methods limits the adoption of those approaches in research and the clinic. We propose pAPRica (pipelines for Adaptive Particle Representation image compositing and analysis), a framework based on the Adaptive Particle Representation (APR) to enable efficient analysis of large microscopy datasets, scalable up to petascale on a regular workstation. pAPRica includes stitching, merging, segmentation, registration, and mapping to an atlas as well as visualization of the large 3D image data, achieving 100+ fold speedup in computation and commensurate data-size reduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scholler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorda-Siquier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheeseman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pages, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sbalzarini, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamy, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.27.525687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient image analysis for large-scale next generation histopathology using pAPRica]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.29.526106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmodium ARK2-EB1 axis drives the unconventional spindle dynamics, scaffold formation, and chromosome segregation of sexual transmission stages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.29.526106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanisms of cell division are remarkably diverse, suggesting the underlying molecular networks among eukaryotes differ extensively. The Aurora family of kinases orchestrates the process of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis during cell division through precise spatiotemporal regulation of their catalytic activities by distinct scaffolds. Plasmodium spp., the causative agents of malaria, are unicellular eukaryotes that have three divergent aurora-related kinases (ARKs) and lack most canonical scaffolds/activators. The parasite uses unconventional modes of chromosome segregation during endomitosis and meiosis in sexual transmission stages within mosquito host. This includes a rapid threefold genome replication from 1N to 8N with successive cycles of closed mitosis, spindle formation and chromosome segregation within eight minutes (termed male gametogony). Kinome studies had previously suggested likely essential functions for all three Plasmodium ARKs during asexual mitotic cycles; however, little is known about their location, function, or their scaffolding molecules during unconventional sexual proliferative stages. Using a combination of super-resolution microscopy, mass spectrometry, and live-cell fluorescence imaging, we set out to investigate the role of the atypical Aurora paralog ARK2 to proliferative sexual stages using rodent malaria model Plasmodium berghei. We find that ARK2 primarily localises to the spindle apparatus in the vicinity of kinetochores during both mitosis and meiosis. Interactomics and co-localisation studies reveal a unique ARK2 scaffold at the spindle including the microtubule plus end-binding protein EB1, lacking conserved Aurora scaffold proteins. Gene function studies indicate complementary functions of ARK2 and EB1 in driving endomitotic divisions and thereby parasite transmission. Our discovery of a novel Aurora kinase spindle scaffold underlines the emerging flexibility of molecular networks to rewire and drive unconventional mechanisms of chromosome segregation in the malaria parasite Plasmodium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeeshan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rea, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vukusic, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markus, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eze, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashpa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balestra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottrill, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttery, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolic, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Roch, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tromer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.29.526106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmodium ARK2-EB1 axis drives the unconventional spindle dynamics, scaffold formation, and chromosome segregation of sexual transmission stages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.527985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ecdysone receptor promotes or suppresses proliferation according toligand level 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.527985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Steroid hormones control various cellular activities in a context-dependent manner. For example, ecdysone, which acts through a type II nuclear receptor, has seemingly opposite effects in Drosophila wing precursors, promoting proliferation during larval stages, and triggering proliferation arrest at pupariation. We find that wing precursors proliferate normally in the complete absence of the ecdysone receptor (EcR), whether ecdysone is present or not, suggesting that ecdysone overrides a default antiproliferative activity of the receptor. By contrast, termination of proliferation by high concentration of 20E at the end of larval life involves conventional gene regulation by the ligand-receptor complex. The switch from one mode of regulation to the other is determined by ligand level, as measured with a calibrated EcR transcriptional reporter and ex vivo proliferation assays. Accordingly, RNA Seq analysis uncovers distinct transcriptional responses to different doses of ecdysone. Some genes are only activated at high doses (high threshold targets) and likely to comprise genes that stop proliferation at pupariation, when ecdysone titres are high. We find that other target genes respond to all physiological concentrations of ecdysone. Some of these genes are known to promote proliferation and could therefore contribute to the pro-proliferation activity of low-level ecdysone. Finally, we show mathematically and with synthetic reporters that relatively simple combinations of regulatory elements can recapitulate the behaviour of both types of target genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perez-Mockus, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cocconi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aerne, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.10.527985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ecdysone receptor promotes or suppresses proliferation according toligand level]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.527990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding the content of working memory in school-aged children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.527990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developmental improvements in working memory (WM) maintenance predict many real-world outcomes, including educational attainment. It is thus critical to understand which WM mechanisms support these behavioral improvements, and how WM maintenance strategies might change through development. One challenge is that specific WM neural mechanisms cannot easily be measured behaviorally, especially in a child population. However, new multivariate decoding techniques have been designed, primarily in adult populations, that can sensitively decode the contents of WM. The goal of this study was to deploy multivariate decoding techniques known to decode memory representations in adults to decode the contents of WM in children. We created a simple computerized WM game for children, in which children maintained different categories of information (visual, spatial or verbal). We collected electroencephalography (EEG) data from 20 children (7-12-year-olds) while they played the game. Using Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) on childrens EEG signals, we reliably decoded the category of the maintained information during the sensory and maintenance period. Across exploratory reliability and validity analyses, we examined the robustness of these results when trained on less data, and how these patterns generalized within individuals throughout the testing session. Furthermore, these results matched theory-based predictions of WM across individuals and across ages. Our proof-of-concept study proposes a direct and age-appropriate potential alternative to exclusively behavioral WM maintenance measures in children. Our study demonstrates the utility of MVPA to measure and track the uninstructed representational content of childrens WM. Future research could use our technique to investigate childrens WM maintenance and strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turoman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiave, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahnd, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>deBettencourt, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergauwe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.10.527990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding the content of working memory in school-aged children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.13.528425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Model-based frontal cortex analysis reveals origins of human non-verbal communication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.13.528425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to process verbal language seems unique to humans and relies not only on semantics but on other forms of communication such as affective vocalisations, that we share with other primate species--particularly great apes (Hominidae). To better understand these processes at the behavioural and brain level, we asked human participants to categorize vocalizations of four primate species including human, great apes (chimpanzee and bonobo), and monkey (rhesus macaque) during MRI acquisition. Classification was above chance level for all species but bonobo vocalizations. Imaging analyses were computed using a participant-specific, trial-by-trial fitted probability categorization value in a model-based style of data analysis. Model-based analyses revealed the implication of the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis (IFGtri) respectively correlating and anti-correlating with the fitted probability of accurate species classification. Further conjunction analyses revealed enhanced activity in a sub-area of the left IFGtri specifically for the accurate classification of chimpanzee calls compared to human voices. Our data therefore reveal distinct frontal mechanisms that shed light on how the human brain evolved to process non-verbal language.

Author contributionsCD and LC were involved in every steps of the study including experimental design, programming, data acquisition, data analysis and redaction of the first draft of the manuscript and subsequent editing. EP helped design the model-based MRI analyses and interpret the results. TG and DG were involved in the experimental design and study planification. All authors wrote and edited the manuscript.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debracque, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pool, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.13.528425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Model-based frontal cortex analysis reveals origins of human non-verbal communication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CCDC15 localizes to the centriole inner scaffold and regulates centriole integrity and ciliogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles are evolutionarily conserved microtubule-based organelles critical to form centrosomes and cilia, which act as microtubule-organizing, signaling and motility centers. Biogenesis and maintenance of centrioles with proper number, size and architecture are crucial for their functions during development and physiology. Consequently, their deregulation causes developmental disorders and cancer. Although centriole number control has been extensively studied, less is known about how centrioles are maintained as stable structures with conserved size and architecture over successive cell divisions and upon ciliary and flagellar motility. Here, we addressed this question by identifying and characterizing new components of the centriole inner scaffold, a recently discovered centriolar sub-compartment critical for centriole size control and integrity. To this end, we generated proximity interactomes of Centrin-2 and POC5 and used them to define CCDC15 as a new centriolar protein that co-localizes and interacts with known inner scaffold proteins. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy analysis of CCDC15-depleted cells revealed its functions in centriole length control and integrity, resulting in defective ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling. Loss-of-function experiments also defined CCDC15 as a dual regulator for the recruitment of the inner scaffold protein POC1B and the distal SFI1/Centrin complex to the centrioles. Together, our findings uncovered new players and mechanisms of centriole architectural integrity and thereby, provide insights into diseases linked to centriolar defects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arslanhan, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steib, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.16.528810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CCDC15 localizes to the centriole inner scaffold and regulates centriole integrity and ciliogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active mesh and neural network pipeline for cell aggregate segmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Segmenting cells within cellular aggregates in 3D is a growing challenge in cell biology, due to improvements in capacity and accuracy of microscopy techniques. Here we describe a pipeline to segment images of cell aggregates in 3D. The pipeline combines neural network segmentations with active meshes. We apply our segmentation method to cultured mouse mammary duct organoids imaged over 24 hours with oblique plane microscopy, a high-throughput light-sheet fluorescence microscopy technique. We show that our method can also be applied to images of mouse embryonic stem cells imaged with a spinning disc microscope. We segment individual cells based on nuclei and cell membrane fluorescent markers, and track cells over time. We describe metrics to quantify the quality of the automated segmentation. Our segmentation pipeline involves a Fiji plugin which implement active meshes deformation and allows a user to create training data, automatically obtain segmentation meshes from original image data or neural network prediction, and manually curate segmentation data to identify and correct mistakes. Our active meshes-based approach facilitates segmentation postprocessing, correction, and integration with neural network prediction.

Statement of significanceIn vitro culture of organ-like structures derived from stem cells, so-called organoids, allows to image tissue morphogenetic processes with high temporal and spatial resolution. Three-dimensional segmentation of cell shape in timelapse movies of these developing organoids is however a significant challenge. In this work, we propose an image analysis pipeline for cell aggregates that combines deep learning with active contour segmentations. This combination offers a flexible and efficient way to segment three-dimensional cell images, which we illustrate with by segmenting datasets of growing mammary gland organoids and mouse embryonic stem cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunsby, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almagro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaigne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.17.528925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active mesh and neural network pipeline for cell aggregate segmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Truly dorsal: nonlinear integration of motion signals is required to account for the responses of pattern cells in rat visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.528967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The defining feature of advanced motion processing in the primate dorsal stream is the existence of pattern cells - specialized cortical neurons that integrate local motion signals into pattern-invariant representations of global direction. Pattern cells have also been reported in rodent visual cortex, but it is unknown whether the tuning of these neurons results from truly integrative, nonlinear mechanisms or trivially arises from linear receptive fields (RFs) with a peculiar geometry. Here we show that pattern cells in rat visual cortical areas V1 and LM process motion direction in a way that cannot be explained by the linear spatiotemporal structure of their RFs. Instead, their tuning properties are consistent with those of units in a state-of-the-art neural network model of the dorsal stream. This suggests that similar cortical processes underly motion representation in primates and rodents. The latter could thus serve as powerful model systems to unravel the underlying circuit-level mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matteucci, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotti, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zattera, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoccolan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.17.528967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Truly dorsal: nonlinear integration of motion signals is required to account for the responses of pattern cells in rat visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-chaperone-mediated post-translational control of efflux pump induction underlies adaptive β-lactam resistance in Caulobacter crescentus. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The acquisition of multi-drug resistance (MDR) determinants jeopardizes treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics. The tripartite efflux pump AcrAB-NodT confers adaptive MDR in the non-pathogenic -proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus via transcriptional induction by first-generation quinolone antibiotics. We discovered that overexpression of AcrAB-NodT by mutation or exogenous inducers confers resistance to cephalosporin and penicillin ({beta}-lactam) antibiotics. Combining two-step mutagenesis-sequencing (Mut-Seq) and cephalosporin-resistant point mutants, we dissected how TipR uses a common operator of the divergent tipR and acrAB-nodT promoter for adaptive and/or potentiated AcrAB-NodT-directed efflux. Chemical screening identified compounds that interfere with DNA-binding by TipR or induce its dependent proteolytic turnover. We found that long-term induction of AcrAB-NodT disfigures the envelope and that homeostatic control by TipR includes co-induction of the DnaJ-like co-chaperone DjlA, to boost pump assembly and/or capacity in anticipation of envelope stress. Thus, the adaptive MDR regulatory circuitry reconciles drug efflux with co-chaperone function for trans-envelope assemblies and maintenance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Costafrolaz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardissone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degeorges, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilhofer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.20.529182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-chaperone-mediated post-translational control of efflux pump induction underlies adaptive β-lactam resistance in Caulobacter crescentus.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signalling-dependent refinement of cell fate choice during tissue remodelling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How biological form emerges from cell fate decisions and tissue remodelling is a fundamental question in development biology. However, an understanding of how these processes operate side-by-side to set precise and robust patterns is largely missing. Here, we investigate this interplay during the process of vein refinement in the Drosophila pupal wing. By following reporters of signalling activity dynamically, together with tissue flows, we show that longitudinal vein refinement arises from a combination of local tissue deformation and cell fate adjustments controlled by a signalling network involving Notch, Dpp, and EGFR. Perturbing large-scale convergence and extension tissue flows does not affect vein refinement, showing that pre-patterned vein domains are able to intrinsically refine to the correct width. A minimal biophysical description taking into account key signalling interactions recapitulates the intrinsic tissue ability to establish a thin, regular vein independently of large-scale tissue flows. Supporting this prediction, artificial proveins optogenetically generated orthogonal to the axis of wing elongation refine against large-scale flows. Overall, we find that signalling-mediated updating of cell fate is a key contributor to reproducible patterning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herszterg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Gennes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cicolini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.21.529250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signalling-dependent refinement of cell fate choice during tissue remodelling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.27.528078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specific subcellular localization drives the different functions of CDC42 isoforms during migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.27.528078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The small G-protein CDC42 is an evolutionary conserved polarity protein and a key regulator of numerous polarized cell functions, including directed cell migration. In vertebrates, alternative splicing gives rise to two CDC42 proteins: the ubiquitously expressed isoform (CDC42u) and the brain isoform (CDC42b), whose specific roles are not fully elucidated. The two isoforms only differ in their carboxy-terminal sequence, which includes the CAAX motif essential for CDC42 interaction with membrane. Here we show that these divergent sequences do not directly affect the range of CDC42s potential binding partners, but indirectly influence CDC42-driven signaling by controlling the specific subcellular localization of the two isoforms. In astrocytes and neural precursors, which naturally express both variants, CDC42u is mainly cytosolic and associates with the leading-edge plasma membrane of migrating cells where it recruits the Par6-PKC{zeta} complex to fulfill its polarity function. In contrast, CDC42b mainly localizes to intracellular membrane compartments, where it interacts with N-WASP. CDC42b does not participate in cell polarization but embodies the major isoform regulating endocytosis. Both CDC42 isoforms act in concert by contributing their specific functions to promote chemotaxis of neural precursors, demonstrating that the expression pattern of the two isoforms is decisive for the tissue-specific behavior of cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ravichandran, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanisch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roca, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dingli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loew, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabatet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeda, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etienne-Manneville, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.27.528078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specific subcellular localization drives the different functions of CDC42 isoforms during migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.27.530236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lack of CCDC146, a ubiquitous centriole and microtubule-associated protein, leads to non-syndromic male infertility in human and mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.27.530236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic mutations are a recurrent cause of male infertility. Multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagellum (MMAF) syndrome is a heterogeneous genetic disease, with which more than 50 genes have been linked. Nevertheless, for 50% of patients with this condition, no genetic cause is identified. From a study of a cohort of 167 MMAF patients, pathogenic bi-allelic mutations were identified in the CCDC146 gene in two patients. This gene encodes a poorly characterized centrosomal protein which we studied in detail here. First, protein localization was studied in two cell lines. We confirmed the centrosomal localization in somatic cells and showed that the protein also presents multiple microtubule-related localizations during mitotic division, suggesting that it is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP). To better understand the function of the protein at the sperm level, and the molecular pathogenesis of infertility associated with CCDC146 mutations, two genetically modified mouse models were created: a Ccdc146 knock-out (KO) and a knock-in (KI) expressing a HA-tagged CCDC146 protein. KO male mice were completely infertile, and sperm exhibited a phenotype identical to our two MMAF patients phenotype with CCDC146 mutations. No other pathology was observed, and the animals were viable. CCDC146 expression starts during late spermiogenesis, at the time of flagellum biogenesis. In the spermatozoon, the protein is conserved but is not localized to centrioles, unlike in somatic cells, rather it is present in the axoneme at the level of microtubule doublets. Expansion microscopy associated with the use of the detergent sarkosyl to solubilize microtubule doublets, suggest that the protein may be a microtubule inner protein (MIP). At the subcellular level, the absence of CCDC146 affected the formation, localization and morphology of all microtubule-based organelles such as the manchette, the head-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA), and the axoneme. Through this study, we have characterized a new genetic cause of infertility, identified a new factor in the formation and/or structure of the sperm axoneme, and demonstrated that the CCDC146 protein plays several cellular roles, depending on the cell type and the stages in the cell cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muronova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kherraf, Z. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giordani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amiri-Yekta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neirijnck, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kühne, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehrli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klena, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escoffier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mustapha, S. F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharouf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zouari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thierry-Mieg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geimer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeuillet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnoult, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.27.530236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lack of CCDC146, a ubiquitous centriole and microtubule-associated protein, leads to non-syndromic male infertility in human and mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.28.530516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbial community-scale metabolic modeling predicts personalized short-chain-fatty-acid production profiles in the human gut. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.28.530516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbially-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the human gut are tightly coupled to host metabolism, immune regulation, and integrity of the intestinal epithelium. However, the production of SCFAs can vary widely between individuals consuming the same diet, with lower levels often associated with disease. A systems-scale mechanistic understanding of this heterogeneity is lacking. We present a microbial community-scale metabolic modeling (MCMM) approach to predict individual-specific SCFA production profiles. We assess the quantitative accuracy of our MCMMs using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo data. Next, we show how MCMM SCFA predictions are significantly associated with blood-derived clinical chemistries, including cardiometabolic and immunological health markers, across a large human cohort. Finally, we demonstrate how MCMMs can be leveraged to design personalized dietary, prebiotic, and probiotic interventions that optimize SCFA production in the gut. Our results represent an important advance in engineering gut microbiome functional outputs for precision health and nutrition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bohmann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilmanski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurry, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappaport, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diener, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbons, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.28.530516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbial community-scale metabolic modeling predicts personalized short-chain-fatty-acid production profiles in the human gut.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The claustrum drives large-scale interactions of cortical circuits relevant to long-term memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The consolidation and recall of episodic memories rely on distributed cortical activity. The claustrum, a subcortical structure reciprocally connected to most of the cortex, may facilitate inter-areal communication necessary for these processes. We report here that the functional inhibition of claustral projection neurons affects directional interactions and the coordination of oscillatory neuronal patterns in the fronto-parietal network. Moreover, the inhibition of these neurons has a detrimental effect on concurrent oscillatory events relevant to the consolidation of contextual fear memory. Last, we demonstrate that biasing the directional flow of information between the latter two cortical areas enhances the retrieval of a remote contextual memory. We propose that the claustrum orchestrates inter-areal cortical interactions relevant to contextual memory processes by affecting the latency of neuronal responses.

One-Sentence SummaryThe claustrum coordinates inter-areal cortical activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mutel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renfer, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.530783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The claustrum drives large-scale interactions of cortical circuits relevant to long-term memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal neural correlates of childhood psychopathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWComplex structural and functional changes occurring in typical and atypical development necessitate multidimensional approaches to better understand the risk of developing psychopathology. Here, we simultaneously examined structural and functional brain network patterns in relation to dimensions of psychopathology in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset. Several components were identified, recapitulating the psychopathology hierarchy, with the general psychopathology (p) factor explaining most covariance with multimodal imaging features, while the internalizing, externalizing, and neurodevelopmental dimensions were each associated with distinct morphological and functional connectivity signatures. Connectivity signatures associated with the p factor and neurodevelopmental dimensions followed the sensory-to-transmodal axis of cortical organization, which is related to the emergence of complex cognition and risk for psychopathology. Results were consistent in two separate data subsamples, supporting generalizability, and robust to variations in analytical parameters. Our findings help in better understanding biological mechanisms underpinning dimensions of psychopathology, and could provide brain-based vulnerability markers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kebets, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piguet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ooi, L. Q. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siffredi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, B. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.530821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal neural correlates of childhood psychopathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OneOPES, a combined enhanced sampling method to rule them all 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhanced sampling techniques have revolutionised molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, enabling the study of rare events and the calculation of free energy differences in complex systems. One of the main families of enhanced sampling techniques uses physical degrees of freedom called collective variables (CVs) to accelerate a systems dynamics and recover the original systems statistics. However, encoding all the relevant degrees of freedom in a limited number of CVs is challenging, particularly in large biophysical systems. Another category of techniques, such as parallel tempering, simulates multiple replicas of the system in parallel, with-out requiring CVs. However, these methods may explore less relevant high-energy portions of the phase space and become computationally expensive for large systems. To overcome the limitations of both approaches, we propose a replica exchange method called OneOPES that combines the power of multi-replica simulations and CV-based enhanced sampling. This method efficiently accelerates the phase space sampling without the need for ideal CVs, extensive parameters fine tuning nor the use of a large number of replicas, as demonstrated by its successful applications to protein-ligand binding and protein folding benchmark systems. Our approach shows promise as a new direction in the development of enhanced sampling techniques for molecular dynamics simulations, providing an efficient and robust framework for the study of complex and unexplored problems.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansari, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.531337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OneOPES, a combined enhanced sampling method to rule them all]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Destabilization of neuromuscular junctions and deregulation of activity-dependent signalling pathways in Myotonic Dystrophy type I 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myotonic Dystrophy type I (DM1) is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults. Previous reports have highlighted that neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) deteriorate in skeletal muscle from DM1 patients and mouse models thereof. However, the underlying pathomechanisms and their contribution to muscle dysfunction remain unknown. We compared changes in NMJs and activity-dependent signalling pathways in HSALR and Mbnl1{Delta}E3/{Delta}E3 mice, two established mouse models for DM1. DM1 muscle showed major deregulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II (CaMKIIs), which are key activity sensors regulating synaptic gene expression and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) recycling at the NMJ. Both mouse models displayed increased fragmentation of the endplate, which preceded muscle degeneration. Endplate fragmentation was not accompanied by changes in AChR turnover at the NMJ. However, expression of synaptic genes was up-regulated in DM1 muscle, which may be linked to the abnormally high activity of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a known target of CaMKII. Consistently, expression of myosin heavy chains was deregulated as well, leading to a major switch to type IIA fibres in Mbnl1{Delta}E3/{Delta}E3 muscle, and to a lesser extent in HSALR muscle. Interestingly, although HDAC4 was efficiently induced upon nerve injury, synaptic gene up-regulation was abrogated in DM1 muscle, together with a reduced increase in AChR turnover. This suggested that HDAC4-independent mechanisms lead to the defective response to denervation in DM1 muscle. Our study shows that activity-dependent signalling pathways are disturbed in DM1 muscle, which may contribute to NMJ destabilization and muscle dysfunction in DM1 patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Falcetta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quirim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cocchiararo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornut, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theodore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiefvater, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tintignac, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanek, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruegg, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinnreich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castets, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Destabilization of neuromuscular junctions and deregulation of activity-dependent signalling pathways in Myotonic Dystrophy type I]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leaf metabolic traits reveal hidden dimensions of plant form and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The plant metabolome encompasses the biochemical mechanisms through which evolutionary and ecological processes shape plant form and function1,2. However, while the metabolome should thus be an important component of plant life-history variation3, we know little about how it varies across the plant kingdom. Here, we use the plant functional trait concept4 - a powerful framework for describing plant form and function5-7 - to interpret leaf metabolome variation among 457 tropical and 339 temperate plant species. Distilling metabolite chemistry into five discriminant metabolic functional traits reveals that plants vary along two major axes of leaf metabolic specialization - a leaf chemical defense spectrum and an expression of leaf longevity. These axes are qualitatively consistent for tropical and temperate species, with many trait combinations being viable. However, axes of leaf metabolic specialization vary orthogonally to life-history strategies described by widely used functional traits5-7, while being at least equally important to them. Our findings question classical trait6 and plant defense8 theory that predicts relationships between the leaf chemical phenotype, plant productivity, and pace of life. Moreover, we show that metabolic functional traits describe unique dimensions of plant life-history variation that are complementary to, and independent from, those captured by existing plant functional traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, T. W. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrodt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Defossez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jassey, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuman, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baines, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardgett, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capdevila, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coley, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Dam, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Descombes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Endara, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrister, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gargallo-Garriga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glauser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marr, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellissier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roessner, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salguero-Gomez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardans, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weckwerth, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfender, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penuelas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leaf metabolic traits reveal hidden dimensions of plant form and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.11.532179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Finite Sample Adjustments for Average Equivalence Testing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.11.532179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWAverage (bio)equivalence tests are used to assess if a parameter, like the mean difference in treatment response between two conditions for example, lies within a given equivalence interval, hence allowing to conclude that the conditions have  equivalent means. The Two One-Sided Tests (TOST) procedure, consisting in testing whether the target parameter is respectively significantly greater and lower than some pre-defined lower and upper equivalence limits, is typically used in this context, usually by checking whether the confidence interval for the target parameter lies within these limits. This intuitive and visual procedure is however known to be conservative, especially in the case of highly variable drugs, where it shows a rapid power loss, often reaching zero, hence making it impossible to conclude for equivalence when it is actually true. Here, we propose a finite sample correction of the TOST procedure, the -TOST, which consists in a correction of the significance level of the TOST allowing to guarantee a test size (or type-I error rate) of . This new procedure essentially corresponds to a finite sample and variability correction of the TOST procedure. We show that this procedure is uniformly more powerful than the TOST, easy to compute, and that its operating characteristics outperform the ones of its competitors. A case study about econazole nitrate deposition in porcine skin is used to illustrate the benefits of the proposed method and its advantages compared to other available procedures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boulaguiem, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quartier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapteva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalia, Y. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Victoria-Feser, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couturier, D.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.11.532179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Finite Sample Adjustments for Average Equivalence Testing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/203372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methods for addressing the protein-protein interaction between histone deacetylase 6 and ubiquitin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/203372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a cytoplasmic HDAC isoform able to remove acetyl groups from cellular substrates such as -tubulin. In addition to the two deacetylase domains, HDAC6 has a C-terminal zinc-finger ubiquitin (Ub)-binding domain (ZnF-UBP) able to recognize free Ub. HDAC6-Ub interaction is thought to function in regulating the elimination of misfolded proteins during stress response through the aggresome pathway. Small molecules inhibiting deacetylation by HDAC6 were shown to reduce aggresomes, but the interplay between HDAC6 catalytic activity and Ub-binding function is not fully understood. Here we describe two methods to measure the HDAC6-Ub interaction in vitro using full-length HDAC6. Both methods were effective for screening inhibitors of the HDAC6-Ub protein-protein interaction independently of the catalytic activity. Our results suggest a potential role for the HDAC6 deacetylase domains in modulating HDAC6-Ub interaction. This new aspect of HDAC6 regulation can be targeted to address the roles of HDAC6-Ub interaction in normal and disease conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>dos Santos Passos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschamps, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perozzo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurisso, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simoes-Pires, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/203372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methods for addressing the protein-protein interaction between histone deacetylase 6 and ubiquitin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/208330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline determinants of the somatic mutation landscape in 2,642 cancer genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/208330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancers develop through somatic mutagenesis, however germline genetic variation can markedly contribute to tumorigenesis via diverse mechanisms. We discovered and phased 88 million germline single nucleotide variants, short insertions/deletions, and large structural variants in whole genomes from 2,642 cancer patients, and employed this genomic resource to study genetic determinants of somatic mutagenesis across 39 cancer types. Our analyses implicate damaging germline variants in a variety of cancer predisposition and DNA damage response genes with specific somatic mutation patterns. Mutations in the MBD4 DNA glycosylase gene showed association with elevated C>T mutagenesis at CpG dinucleotides, a ubiquitous mutational process acting across tissues. Analysis of somatic structural variation exposed complex rearrangement patterns, involving cycles of templated insertions and tandem duplications, in BRCA1-deficient tumours. Genome-wide association analysis implicated common genetic variation at the APOBEC3 gene cluster with reduced basal levels of somatic mutagenesis attributable to APOBEC cytidine deaminases across cancer types. We further inferred over a hundred polymorphic L1/LINE elements with somatic retrotransposition activity in cancer. Our study highlights the major impact of rare and common germline variants on mutational landscapes in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waszak, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rausch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muyas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Martin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabionet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakneen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escaramis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saini, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demidov, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitkanen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heredia-Genestar, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weischenfeldt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shringarpure, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drechsel, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dursi, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segre, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrison, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erkek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habermann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khurana, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cafferkey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaltonen, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Ortega, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruzos, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchhalter, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiBiase,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/208330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline determinants of the somatic mutation landscape in 2,642 cancer genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beyond Bilingualism: multilingual experience correlates with caudate volume 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209619v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The multilingual brain must implement mechanisms that serve to select the appropriate language as a function of the communicative environment. Engaging these mechanisms on a regular basis appears to have consequences for brain structure and function. Studies have implicated the caudate nuclei as important nodes in polyglot language control processes, and have also shown structural differences in the caudate nuclei in bilingual compared to monolingual populations. However, the majority of published work has focused on the categorical differences between monolingual and bilingual individuals, and little is known about whether these findings extend to multilingual individuals, who have even greater language control demands. In the present paper, we present an analysis of the volume and morphology of the caudate nuclei in 75 multilingual individuals who speak three or more languages. Volumetric analyses revealed a significant relationship between multilingual experience and right caudate volume, as well as a marginally-significant relationship with left caudate volume. Vertexwise analyses revealed a significant enlargement of dorsal and anterior portions of the left caudate nucleus having connectivity to executive brain regions, as a function of multilingual expertise. These results suggest that multilingual expertise might exercise a continuous impact on the brain, and that as additional languages beyond a second are acquired, the additional demands for control result in modifications to brain structures associated with language management processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hervais-Adelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egorova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golestani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/209619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beyond Bilingualism: multilingual experience correlates with caudate volume]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Knowledge of the Neighborhood of the Reactive Site up to Three Atoms Can Predict Biochemistry and Protein Sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thousands of biochemical reactions with characterized activities are orphan, meaning they cannot be assigned to a specific enzyme, leaving gaps in metabolic pathways. Novel reactions predicted by pathway-generation tools also lack associated sequences, limiting protein engineering applications. Associating orphan and novel reactions with known biochemistry and suggesting enzymes to catalyze them is a daunting problem. We propose a new method, BridgIT, to identify candidate genes and protein sequences for these reactions, and this method introduces, for the first time, information about the enzyme binding pocket into reaction similarity comparisons. BridgIT assesses the similarity of two reactions, one orphan and one well-characterized, nonorphan reaction, using their substrate reactive sites, their surrounding structures, and the structures of the generated products to suggest protein sequences and genes that catalyze the most similar non-orphan reactions as candidates for also catalyzing the orphan ones.nnWe performed two large-scale validation studies to test BridgIT predictions against experimental biochemical evidence. For the 234 orphan reactions from KEGG 2011 (a comprehensive enzymatic reaction database) that became non-orphan in KEGG 2018, BridgIT predicted the exact or a highly related enzyme for 211 of them. Moreover, for 334 out of 379 novel reactions in 2014 that were later catalogued in KEGG 2018, BridgIT predicted the exact or highly similar enzyme sequences.nnBridgIT requires knowledge about only three connecting bonds around the atoms of the reactive sites to correctly identify protein sequences for 93% of analyzed enzymatic reactions. Increasing to six connecting bonds allowed for the accurate identification of a sequence for nearly all known enzymatic reactions.nnSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent advances in synthetic biochemistry have resulted in a wealth of novel hypothetical enzymatic reactions that are not matched to protein-encoding genes, deeming them "orphan". Nearly half of known metabolic enzymes are also orphan, leaving important gaps in metabolic network maps. Proposing genes for the catalysis of orphan reactions is critical for applications ranging from biotechnology to medicine. In this work, a novel computational method, BridgIT, identified a potential enzyme sequence to orphan reactions and nearly all theoretically possible biochemical transformations, providing candidate genes to catalyze these reactions to the research community. BridgIT online tool will allow researchers to fill the knowledge gaps in metabolic networks and will act as a starting point for designing novel enzymes to catalyze non-natural transformations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hadadi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MohamadiPeyhani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miskovic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seijo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzimanikatis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/210039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Knowledge of the Neighborhood of the Reactive Site up to Three Atoms Can Predict Biochemistry and Protein Sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/211227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acute physical exercise improves memory consolidation in humans via BDNF and endocannabinoid signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/211227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regular physical exercise enhances memory functions and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, an effect partially mediated by BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor). Acute exercise promotes the release of endocannabinoids (especially anandamide, AEA), which enhance BDNF release and improve hippocampal plasticity in rodents. How acute exercise affects BDNF and AEA levels and influences memory performance in humans remains to date unknown. Here we combined blood biomarkers, behavioral and fMRI measurements to assess the impact of acute physical exercise on associative memory and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. For each participant, memory was tested after three conditions: rest, moderate or high exercise intensity. A long-term memory retest took place 3 months later. At both test and retest, memory performance increased after moderate but not high intensity exercise or rest. We also show that memory benefited from exercise-related increases in both AEA and BNDF levels: AEA boosted hippocampal activity during memory recall, while BDNF enhanced hippocampal memory representations and long-term performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marin Bosch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bringard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logrieco, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imobersteg, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferretti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igloi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/211227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acute physical exercise improves memory consolidation in humans via BDNF and endocannabinoid signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/211425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reward and automatic processes in exercise behavior: A new approach and a systematic review 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/211425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIn a time of physical inactivity pandemic, attempts to better understand the factors underlying the regulation of exercise behavior is important. The dominant neuropsychological approach to exercise behavior explains physical activity as a reward. However, the opposite of physical exertion -- behaviors minimizing energy cost -- may also be a reward, which activates automatic reactions favoring the engagement in behaviors associated with lower energetic costs.nnObjectiveOur objective was to systematically review studies testing the automatic reactions triggered by stimuli associated with different types of exercise behavior (e.g., physical activity, sedentary behaviors) and energetic cost variations (e.g., behaviors minimizing energetic cost).nnMethodsTwo authors systematically searched, screened, extracted, and analyzed data from articles in the MEDLINE database.nnResultsWe included 26 studies. Three types of automatic processes were tested: Affective reactions, attentional capture, and approach tendencies. Results show that automatic reactions toward stimuli depicting exercise behaviors explained individuals level of physical activity. Brain imaging results show that stimuli associated with exercise behavior activate regions associated with reward, but these studies were scarce.nnConclusionReward is an important factor of exercise behavior. There is strong evidence showing that physical activity is a reward. While brain imaging results suggest that sedentary behaviors are also a reward, behaviors minimizing energetic cost have not been investigated so far. Additional studies are required to establish a strong and complete framework of reward in exercise behavior.nnKey points- Behavioral and brain imaging studies using different types of automatic behavior show that physical activity is a rewardn- Behaviors minimizing energetic cost have been essential to evolutionary survival and are likely to be a reward. However, experimental evidence remains scarcen- The dominant neuropsychological approaches to exercise behavior may be incomplete, which may partly explain our current inability to counteract the pandemic of physical inactivity
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheval, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neva, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swinnen, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisgontier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/211425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reward and automatic processes in exercise behavior: A new approach and a systematic review]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/217836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic analysis of the molecular architecture of endocytosis reveals a nanoscale actin nucleation template that drives efficient vesicle formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/217836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is an essential cellular function in all eukaryotes that is driven by a self-assembled macromolecular machine of over 50 different proteins in tens to hundreds of copies. How these proteins are organized to produce endocytic vesicles with high precision and efficiency is not understood. Here, we developed high-throughput superresolution microscopy to reconstruct the nanoscale structural organization of 23 endocytic proteins from over 100,000 endocytic sites in yeast. We found that proteins assemble by radially-ordered recruitment according to function. WASP family proteins form a circular nano-scale template on the membrane to spatially control actin nucleation during vesicle formation. Mathematical modeling of actin polymerization showed that this WASP nano-template creates sufficient force for membrane invagination and substantially increases the efficiency of endocytosis. Such nanoscale pre-patterning of actin nucleation may represent a general design principle for directional force generation in membrane remodeling processes such as during cell migration and division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mund, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Beek, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschamps, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dmitrieff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monster, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nedelec, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/217836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic analysis of the molecular architecture of endocytosis reveals a nanoscale actin nucleation template that drives efficient vesicle formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/220053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LSX: Automated reduction of gene-specific lineage evolutionary rate heterogeneity for multi-gene phylogeny inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/220053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationLS3 is a recently published algorithm to reduce lineage evolutionary rate heterogeneity, a condition that can produce inference artifacts in molecular phylogenetics. The LS3 scripts are Linux-specific and the criterion to reduce lineage rate heterogeneity can be too stringent in datasets with both very long and very short branches.nnResultsLSx is a multi-platform user-friendly R script that performs the LS3 algorithm, and has added features in order to make better lineage rate calculations. In addition, we developed and implemented an alternative version of the algorithm, LS4, which reduces lineage rate heterogeneity not only by detecting branches that are too long but also branches that are too short, resulting in less stringent data filtering.nnAvailabilityThe LSx script LSx_v.1.1.R and the user manual are available for download at: https://genev.unige.ch/research/laboratory/Juan-Montoya
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Rivera, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya-Burgos, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/220053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LSX: Automated reduction of gene-specific lineage evolutionary rate heterogeneity for multi-gene phylogeny inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/226639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RESCUE OF AN AGGRESSIVE FEMALE SEXUAL COURTSHIP IN MICE BY CRISPR/Cas9 SECONDARY MUTATION IN VIVO. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/226639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We had previously reported [1] a mouse line carrying the Atypical female courtship (HoxDAfc) allele, where an ectopic accumulation of Hoxd10 transcripts was observed in a sparse population of cells in the adult isocortex, as a result of a partial deletion of the HoxD gene cluster (Figure 1A). Female mice carrying this allele displayed an exacerbated paracopulatory behavior, culminating in a severe mutilation of the studs external genitals. To unequivocally demonstrate that this intriguing phenotype was indeed caused by an illegitimate function of the HOXD10 protein, we use CRISPR/Cas9 technology to induced a microdeletion into the homeobox of the Hoxd10 gene in cis with the HoxDAfc allele [2]. Females carrying this novel HoxDDel(1-9)d10hd allele no longer mutilate males. We conclude that a brain malfunction leading to a severe pathological behavior can be caused by the mere binding to DNA of a transcription factor expressed ectopically. We also show that in HoxDAfc mice, Hoxd10 was expressed in cells containing Gad1 and Cck transcripts, corroborating our proposal that a small fraction of GABAergic neurons in adult hippocampus may participate to some aspects of female courtship.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zakany, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/226639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RESCUE OF AN AGGRESSIVE FEMALE SEXUAL COURTSHIP IN MICE BY CRISPR/Cas9 SECONDARY MUTATION IN VIVO.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/229526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gating by induced α-γ asynchrony in selective attention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/229526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visual selective attention operates through top-down mechanisms of signal enhancement and suppression, mediated by -band oscillations. The effects of such top-down signals on local processing in primary visual cortex (V1) remain poorly understood. In the present work, we characterize the interplay between large-scale interactions and local activity changes in V1 that orchestrates selective attention, using Granger-causality and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) analysis of EEG source signals. The task required participants to either attend to or ignore oriented gratings. Results from time-varying, directed connectivity analysis revealed frequency specific effects of attentional selection: bottom-up {gamma}-band influences from visual areas increased rapidly in response to attended stimuli while distributed top-down -band influences originated from parietal cortex in response to ignored stimuli. Importantly, the results revealed a critical interplay between top-down parietal signals and -{gamma} PAC in visual areas. Parietal -band influences disrupted the -{gamma} coupling in visual cortex, which in turn reduced the amount of {gamma}-band outflow from visual areas. Our results are a first demonstration of how directed interactions affect cross-frequency coupling in downstream areas depending on task demands. These findings suggest that parietal cortex realizes selective attention by disrupting cross-frequency coupling at target regions, which prevents them from propagating task-irrelevant information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pascucci, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hervais-Adelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plomp, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/229526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gating by induced α-γ asynchrony in selective attention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/231076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Examination of the Shared Genetic Basis of Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/231076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often comorbid and likely to share genetic risk factors. Hence, we examine their shared genetic background using a crossdisorder GWAS meta-analysis of 3,495 AN cases, 2,688 OCD cases and 18,013 controls. We confirmed a high genetic correlation between AN and OCD (rg = 0.49 {+/-} 0.13, p = 9.07x10-7) and a sizable SNP heritability (SNP h2 = 0.21 {+/-} 0.02) for the cross-disorder phenotype. Although no individual loci reached genome-wide significance, the cross-disorder phenotype showed strong positive genetic correlations with other psychiatric phenotypes (e.g., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, neuroticism) and negative correlations with metabolic phenotypes (e.g., BMI, triglycerides). Follow-up analyses revealed that although AN and OCD overlap heavily in their shared risk with other psychiatric phenotypes, the relationship with metabolic and anthropometric traits is markedly stronger for AN than for OCD. We further tested whether shared genetic risk for AN/OCD was associated with particular tissue or cell-type gene expression patterns and found that the basal ganglia and medium spiny neurons were most enriched for AN/OCD risk, consistent with neurobiological findings for both disorders. Our results confirm and extend genetic epidemiological findings of shared risk between AN and OCD and suggest that larger GWASs are warranted.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halvorsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryois, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eating Disorders Working Group of the PGC,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tourette Syndrome/OCD Working Group of the PGC,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornton, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zerwas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micali, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moessner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zai, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kas, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharf, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nestadt, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulik, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattheisen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowley, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/231076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Examination of the Shared Genetic Basis of Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/235788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACI-1 class A beta-lactamase is widespread across human gut microbiomes due to transposons harboured by tailed prophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/235788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibiotic resistance is increasing among pathogens at unprecedented rates and the human body contains a large pool of antibiotic resistance genes that can be spread among bacteria by mobile genetic elements. Acidaminococcus intestini, a bacterium found in the human gut that belongs to the class of Negativicutes, is the first gram-negative coccus shown to be resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. Resistance is conferred by aci1, a gene encoding the ACI-1 class A beta-lactamase, but the evolutionary history of aci1 and its distribution across other Negativicutes and in the human gut microbiota remains obscure. We discovered that ACI-1 proteins are phylogenetically distinct from class A beta-lactamases of gram-positive Firmicutes and that the aci1 gene occurs in bacteria scattered across the Negativicutes clade, suggesting possible mobilization. In the reference A. intestini RyC-MR95 strain, we found that aci1 is surrounded by mobile DNA, transposon derived sequences directly flank aci1 and are likely the vehicle for its mobility. These transposon sequences reside within a prophage context consisting of two likely degraded tailed prophages, the first prophages to be characterised in A. intestini. We found aci1 in at least 56 (4.4%) out of 1,267 human gut metagenome samples, mostly hosted within A. intestini, and, where could be determined, mostly within a similar constellation of mobile elements to that found in the reference A. intestini genome. These human samples are from individuals in Europe, China and the USA, showing that aci1 is widely distributed globally. Additionally, we examined the nine different Negativicute genome assemblies that contain aci1, and found that only two of these strains show a similar mobile element context around aci1 to the reference A. intestini with transposons adjacent to a tailed prophage. However, in all nine cases aci1 is flanked by transposon derived sequences, and these sequences are diverse, suggesting the activity and degradation of multiple transposons. Overall, we show that ACI-1 proteins form a distinct class A beta lactamase family, and that the aci1 gene is present in human guts worldwide within Negativicute bacterial hosts, due to transposons, sometimes inserted into tailed prophages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rands, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starikova, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brüssow, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kriventseva, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govorun, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/235788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACI-1 class A beta-lactamase is widespread across human gut microbiomes due to transposons harboured by tailed prophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/236638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deficient autophagy drives aging in Hydra 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/236638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydra exhibits a negligible senescence as its epithelial and interstitial stem cell populations continuously divide. Here we identified two H. oligactis strains that respond differently to interstitial stem cell loss. Cold-resistant (Ho_CR) animals adapt and remain healthy while cold-sensitive (Ho_CS) ones die within three months, after their epithelial stem cells lose their selfrenewal potential. In Ho_CS but not in Ho_CR animals, the autophagy flux is deficient, characterized by a low induction upon starvation, proteasome inhibition or Rapamycin treatment, and a constitutively repressed Ulk activity. In the non-aging Hydra vulgaris, WIPI2 silencing suffices to induce aging. Rapamycin can delay aging by sustaining epithelial self-renewal and regeneration, although without enhancing the autophagy flux. Instead Rapamycin promotes engulfment in epithelial cells where p62/SQSTM1-positive phagocytic vacuoles accumulate. This study uncovers the importance of autophagy in the longevity of early-branched eumetazoans by maintaining stem cell renewal, and a novel anti-aging effect of Rapamycin via phagocytosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>TOMCZYK, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SCHENKELAARS, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SUKNOVIC, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WENGER, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>EKUNDAYO, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BUZGARIU, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BAUER, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FISCHER, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AUSTAD, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GALLIOT, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/236638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deficient autophagy drives aging in Hydra]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/237198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measurement of the mapping between intracranial EEG and fMRI recordings in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/237198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are considerable gaps in our understanding of the relationship between human brain activity measured at different temporal and spatial scales by intracranial electroencephalography and fMRI. By comparing individual features and summary descriptions of intracranial EEG activity we determined which best predict fMRI changes in the sensorimotor cortex in two brain states: at rest and during motor performance. We also then examine the specificity of this relationship to spatial colocalisation of the two signals.nnWe acquired electrocorticography and fMRI simultaneously (ECoG-fMRI) in the sensorimotor cortex of 3 patients with epilepsy. During motor activity, high gamma power was the only frequency band where the electrophysiological response was colocalised with fMRI measures across all subjects. The best model of fMRI changes was its principal components, a parsimonious description of the entire ECoG spectrogram. This model performed much better than a model based on the classical frequency bands both during task and rest periods or models derived on a summary of cross spectral changes (e.g.  root mean squared EEG frequency). This suggests that the region specific fMRI signal is reflected in spatially and spectrally distributed EEG activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carmichael, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulliemoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murta, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhary, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodionov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friston, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/237198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measurement of the mapping between intracranial EEG and fMRI recordings in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/240911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genome-wide association study for shared risk across major psychiatric disorders in a nation-wide birth cohort implicates fetal neurodevelopment as a key mediator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/240911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is mounting evidence that seemingly diverse psychiatric disorders share genetic etiology, but the biological substrates mediating this overlap are not well characterized. Here, we leverage the unique iPSYCH study, a nationally representative cohort ascertained through clinical psychiatric diagnoses indicated in Danish national health registers. We confirm previous reports of individual and cross-disorder SNP-heritability for major psychiatric disorders and perform a cross-disorder genome-wide association study. We identify four novel genome-wide significant loci encompassing variants predicted to regulate genes expressed in radial glia and interneurons in the developing neocortex during midgestation. This epoch is supported by partitioning cross-disorder SNP-heritability which is enriched at regulatory chromatin active during fetal neurodevelopment. These findings indicate that dysregulation of genes that direct neurodevelopment by common genetic variants results in general liability for many later psychiatric outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schork, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appadurai, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hougaard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baekved-Hansen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bybjerg-Grauholm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordentoft, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mors, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerglum, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortensen, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geschwind, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werge, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/240911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genome-wide association study for shared risk across major psychiatric disorders in a nation-wide birth cohort implicates fetal neurodevelopment as a key mediator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning optimal decisions with confidence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diffusion decision models (DDMs) are immensely successful models for decision-making under uncertainty and time pressure. In the context of perceptual decision making, these models typically start with two input units, organized in a neuron-antineuron pair. In contrast, in the brain, sensory inputs are encoded through the activity of large neuronal populations. Moreover, while DDMs are wired by hand, the nervous system must learn the weights of the network through trial and error. There is currently no normative theory of learning in DDMs and therefore no theory of how decision makers could learn to make optimal decisions in this context. Here, we derive the first such rule for learning a near-optimal linear combination of DDM inputs based on trial-by-trial feedback. The rule is Bayesian in the sense that it learns not only the mean of the weights but also the uncertainty around this mean in the form of a covariance matrix. In this rule, the rate of learning is proportional (resp. inversely proportional) to confidence for incorrect (resp. correct) decisions. Furthermore, we show that, in volatile environments, the rule predicts a bias towards repeating the same choice after correct decisions, with a bias strength that is modulated by the previous choices difficulty. Finally, we extend our learning rule to cases for which one of the choices is more likely a priori, which provides new insights into how such biases modulate the mechanisms leading to optimal decisions in diffusion models.nnSignificance StatementPopular models for the tradeoff between speed and accuracy of everyday decisions usually assume fixed, low-dimensional sensory inputs. In contrast, in the brain, these inputs are distributed across larger populations of neurons, and their interpretation needs to be learned from feedback. We ask how such learning could occur and demonstrate that efficient learning is significantly modulated by decision confidence. This modulation predicts a particular dependency pattern between consecutive choices, and provides new insight into how a priori biases for particular choices modulate the mechanisms leading to efficient decisions in these models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Drugowitsch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/244269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning optimal decisions with confidence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/246082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Green function of correlated genes and themechanical evolution of protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/246082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There has been growing evidence that cooperative interactions and configurational rearrangements underpin protein functions. But in spite of vast genetic and structural data, the information-dense, heterogeneous nature of protein has held back the progress in understanding the underlying principles. Here we outline a general theory of protein that quantitatively links sequence, dynamics and function: The protein is a strongly-coupled amino acid network whose interactions and large-scale motions are captured by the mechanical propagator, also known as the Green function. The propagator relates the gene to the connectivity of the amino acid network and the transmission of forces through the protein. How well the force pattern conforms to the collective modes of the functional protein is measured by the fitness. Mutations introduce localized perturbations to the propagator which scatter the force field. The emergence of function is manifested by a topological transition when a band of such perturbations divides the protein into subdomains. Epistasis quantifies how much the combined effect of multiple mutations departs from additivity. We find that epistasis is the nonlinearity of the Green function, which corresponds to a sum over multiple scattering paths passing through the localized perturbations. We apply this mechanical framework to the simulations of protein evolution, and observe long-range epistasis which facilitates collective functional modes. Our model lays the foundation for understanding the protein as an evolved state of matter and may be a prototype for other strongly-correlated living systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dutta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmann, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libchaber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tlusty, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/246082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Green function of correlated genes and themechanical evolution of protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/248898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Navigating in vitro bioactivity data: investigating available resources using model compounds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/248898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modern medicine and an increasingly complex environment contribute to exposure of humans to a large number of chemical compounds, that can potentially be toxic. Although widely used, compound testing in animals has important limitations. In vitro testing provides a promising alternative. However, because of the relative inaccessibility and fragmentation of available data, the in vitro approach largely underperforms its potential. The aim of this study is to investigate how available public online resources (tools and databases) support accessing and distribution of in vitro compound data. We examined 19 public online resources, mapped their features, and evaluated their usability with a set of four model compounds (aspirin, rosiglitazone, valproic acid, and tamoxifen). By investigating compound names and identifiers, we observed extensive variation and inconsistencies in available resources: the synonyms were different, compounds structural identifiers (InChI, InChIKey, SMILES and IUPAC systematic name) underperformed in omics databases, identification of compound related metadata (e.g. concentrations used in the experiments) from omics experiments was complex and none of the available resources clearly distinguished between in vivo and in vitro data. In addition, we estimated accessibility of selected public resources using computational queries. Only a few public resources provided access to compound-related data using semantic web technology. The general quality of experiment annotations created further difficulties in identifying data of interest. Therefore, we identified several standardized ontologies with potential to provide an increased accuracy for extensive data retrieval of in vitro compound data. Furthermore, using the examples of our model compounds, we provide recommendations on the use of ontologies by suggesting specific ontology terms to annotate in vitro experimental data when being published.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ilmjarv, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Augsburger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolleman, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liechti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bridge, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandstrom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaquet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xenarios, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krause, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/248898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Navigating in vitro bioactivity data: investigating available resources using model compounds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/255109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic dissection of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Distinct Susceptibility, Activity and Severity Signatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/255109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent genetic and genomics approaches have yielded novel insights in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) but the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment still remain largely empirical1,2. We reasoned that molecular characterization of SLE by whole blood transcriptomics may facilitate early diagnosis and personalized therapy. To this end, we analyzed genotypes and RNA-seq in 142 patients and 58 matched healthy individuals to define the global transcriptional signature of SLE. By controlling for the estimated proportions of circulating immune cell types, we show that the Interferon (IFN) and p53 pathways are robustly expressed. We also report cell-specific, disease-dependent regulation of gene expression and define a core/susceptibility and a flare/activity disease expression signature, with oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome regulation and cell cycle pathways being enriched in lupus flares. Using these data, we define a novel index of disease activity/severity by combining the validated Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)1 with a new variable derived from principal component analysis (PCA) of RNA-seq data. We also delineate unique signatures across disease endo-phenotypes whereby active nephritis exhibits the most extensive changes in transcriptome, including prominent drugable signatures such as granulocyte and plasmablast/plasma cell activation. The substantial differences in gene expression between SLE and healthy individuals enables the classification of disease versus healthy status with median sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 100%, respectively. We explored the genetic regulation of blood transcriptome in SLE and found 3142 cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). By integration of SLE genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals and eQTLs from 44 tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) consortium, we demonstrate that the genetic causality of SLE arises from multiple tissues with the top causal tissue being the liver, followed by brain basal ganglia, adrenal gland and whole blood. Collectively, our study defines distinct susceptibility and activity/severity signatures in SLE that may facilitate diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Panousis, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertsias, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ongen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gergianaki, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tektonidou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trachana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romano-Palumbo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bielser, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howald, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pamfil, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanouriakis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosmara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Repa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidiropoulos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boumpas, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/255109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic dissection of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Distinct Susceptibility, Activity and Severity Signatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic analysis of the SERK3 elongated allele defines a role for BIR ectodomains in brassinosteroid signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase (LRR-RK) BRI1 requires a shape-complementary SERK co-receptor for brassinosteroid sensing and receptor activation. Interface mutations that weaken the interaction between receptor and co-receptor in vitro reduce brassinosteroid signaling responses. The SERK3 elongated (elg) allele maps to the complex interface and shows enhanced brassinosteroid signaling, but surprisingly no tighter binding to the BRI1 ectodomain in vitro. Here, we report that rather than promoting the interaction with BRI1, the elg mutation disrupts the ability of the co-receptor to interact with the ectodomains of BIR receptor pseudokinases, negative regulators of LRR-RK signaling. A conserved lateral surface patch in BIR LRR domains is required for targeting SERK co-receptors and the elg allele maps to the core of the complex interface in a 1.25 [A] BIR3 - SERK1 structure. Collectively, our structural, quantitative biochemical and genetic analyses suggest that brassinosteroid signaling complex formation is negatively regulated by BIR receptor ectodomains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moretti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/257543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic analysis of the SERK3 elongated allele defines a role for BIR ectodomains in brassinosteroid signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imposing a curfew on the use of screen electronic devices improves sleep and daytime vigilance in adolescents. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of screen electronic devices (SED) in the evening negatively affects sleep. Yet, sleep is known to be essential for brain maturation and a key factor for good academic performance, and thus is particularly critical during childhood and adolescence. While previous studies reported correlations between SED use and sleep impairments, the causal relationship between SED use and sleep in adolescents remains unclear. Using actigraphy and daily questionnaires in a large sample of students (12 to 19 years old), we assessed SED use and sleep habits over one month, including a two-week baseline phase and a two-week interventional phase, where participants were asked to stop screen use after 9 pm during pre-school nights. During the interventional phase, we found that reduction in time spent on SED after 9 pm correlated with earlier sleep onset time and increased total sleep duration. The latter led to improved daytime vigilance. We also observed that the beneficial impact of the intervention on sleep was influenced by catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism, which is implicated in the dopaminergic modulation of human behaviors, including wake and sleep regulation. These findings provide evidence that restricting SED use in the evening represents a valid and promising approach for improving sleep duration in adolescents, with potential implications for daytime functioning and health.nnSTATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEWith the emergence of smartphones and other connected devices, adolescents spend a lot of time on screen electronic devices (SED), especially during the evening. We report that time spent on SED after 9 pm negatively correlates with sleep onset time, sleep duration as well as mood, body weight, and academic performance. Such observable correlations urge for educational strategies to address the chronic lack of sleep observed in todays adolescent populations. Here we also show that limiting the use of SED after 9 pm improves sleep duration and daytime vigilance in most adolescents. This simple education recommendation pertaining to sleep hygiene can be implemented by every household, yielding direct positive effects on sleep, and presumed benefits for health and daytime functioning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perrault, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peuvrier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afyouni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghisletta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterpenich, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/259309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imposing a curfew on the use of screen electronic devices improves sleep and daytime vigilance in adolescents.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/264747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frequency selective encoding of substrate vibrations in the somatosensory cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/264747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensing vibrations that propagate through solid substrates conveys fundamental information about moving objects and other nearby dynamic events. Here we report that neurons responsive to substrate vibrations applied to the mouse forelimb reveal a new way of representing frequency information in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). In contrast to vibrotactile stimulation of primate glabrous skin, which produces temporally entrained spiking and frequency independent firing rates, we found that mouse S1 neurons rely on a different coding scheme: their spike rates are conspicuously tuned to a preferred frequency of the stimulus. Histology, peripheral nerve block and optogenetic tagging experiments furthermore reveal that these responses are associated with the activation of mechanoreceptors located in deep subdermal tissue of the distal forelimb. We conclude that the encoding of frequency information of substrate-borne vibrations in the mouse S1 might be analogous to the representation of pitch of airborne sound in auditory cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prsa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/264747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frequency selective encoding of substrate vibrations in the somatosensory cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/265033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The intestinal microbiota predisposes to traveller’s diarrhoea and to the carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae after travelling to tropical regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/265033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The risk of acquisition of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MRE) and of occurrence of diarrhoea is high when travelling to tropical regions. The relationships between these phenomena and the composition of human gut microbiota have not yet been assessed. Here, we investigated the dynamics of changes of metabolically active microbiota by sequencing total RNA from faecal samples taken before and after travel to tropical regions. We found that the occurrence of diarrhoea during the travel was associated with a higher relative abundance of Prevotella copri before departure and after return. The composition of microbiota, before travel as well as at return, was not correlated with the acquisition of MRE. However, the clearance of MRE one month after return was linked to a specific pattern of bacterial species that was also found before and after return.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarevic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaia, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estellat, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matheron, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand-Lefevre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andremont, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The VOYAG-R Study Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrenzel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/265033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The intestinal microbiota predisposes to traveller’s diarrhoea and to the carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae after travelling to tropical regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/265785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An evolutionary-conserved Wnt3/β-catenin/Sp5 feedback loop restricts head organizer activity in Hydra 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/265785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Hydra polyp regenerates its head by transforming the gastric tissue below the wound into a head organizer made of two antagonistic cross-reacting components. The activator, previously characterized as Wnt3, drives apical differentiation by acting locally and auto-catalytically. The uncharacterized inhibitor, produced under the control of the activator, prevents ectopic head formation. By crossing RNA-seq data obtained in a {beta}-catenin(RNAi) screen performed in planarians and a quantitative analysis of positional and temporal gene expression in Hydra, we identified Sp5 as a transcription factor that fulfills the head inhibitor properties: a Wnt/{beta}-catenin inducible expression, a graded apical-to-basal expression, a sustained up-regulation during head regeneration, a multi-headed phenotype when knocked-down, a repressing activity on Wnt3 expression. In mammalian cells, Hydra and zebrafish Sp5 repress Wnt3 promoter activity while Hydra Sp5 also auto-activates its expression, possibly via {beta}-catenin and/or Tcf/Lef1 interaction. This work identifies Sp5 as a novel potent feedback loop inhibitor of Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling across eumetazoans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vogg, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iglesias Olle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rampon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vriz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perruchoud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenger, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galliot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/265785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An evolutionary-conserved Wnt3/β-catenin/Sp5 feedback loop restricts head organizer activity in Hydra]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/266353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rab-mediated trafficking in the secondary cells of Drosophila male accessory glands and its role in fecundity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/266353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is known that the male seminal fluid contains factors that affect female post-mating behavior and physiology. In Drosophila, most of these factors are secreted by the two epithelial cell types that make up the male accessory gland: the main and secondary cells. Although secondary cells represent only 4% of the cells of the accessory gland, their contribution to the male seminal fluid is essential for sustaining the female post-mating response. To better understand the function of the secondary cells, here we investigate their molecular organization, particularly with respect to the intracellular membrane transport machinery. We determined that large vacuole-like structures found in the secondary cells are trafficking hubs labeled by Rab6, 7, 11 and 19. Furthermore, these cell-specific organelles are essential for the long-term post-mating behavior of females and that their formation is directly dependent upon Rab6. Our discovery adds to our understanding of Rab proteins function in secretory cells. We have created an online, open-access imaging resource as a valuable tool for the intracellular membrane and protein traffic community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prince, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brankatschk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroeger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gligorov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eaton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeda, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/266353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rab-mediated trafficking in the secondary cells of Drosophila male accessory glands and its role in fecundity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LimeSeg: A coarsed-grained lipid membrane simulation for 3D image segmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioimage analysis is an important preliminary step required for data representation and quantitative studies. To carry out these tasks, we developed LimeSeg, an easy-to-use, efficient and modular 3D image segmentation method. Based on the idea of SURFace ELements, LimeSeg resembles a highly coarse-grained simulation of a lipid membrane in which a set of particles, analogous to lipid molecules, are attracted to local image maxima. The particles are self-generating and self-destructing thus providing the ability for the membrane to evolve towards the contour of the object of interest. We characterize the emergent mechanical properties of this system and show how it can be used to segment many 3D objects from numerous types of image of biological samples (brain MRI, cell epithelium, cellular organelles). LimeSeg is available as a Fiji plugin that includes simple commands, a 3D visualizer, and customization options via ImageJ scripting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Machado, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiaruttini, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/267534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LimeSeg: A coarsed-grained lipid membrane simulation for 3D image segmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/272666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pervasive transcription-dependent chromatin remodeling influences the replication initiation program 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/272666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Eukaryotic organisms, replication initiation follows a temporal program. Among the parameters that regulate this program in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chromatin structure has been at the center of attention without considering the contribution of transcription. Here, we revisit the replication initiation program in the light of pervasive transcription. We find that noncoding RNA transcription termination in the vicinity of replication origins or ARS (Autonomously Replicating Sequences) maximizes replication initiation by restricting transcriptional readthrough into ARS. Consistently, high natural nascent transcription correlates with low ARS efficiency and late replication timing. High readthrough transcription is also linked to chromatin features such as high levels of H3K36me3 and deacetylated nucleosomes. Moreover, forcing ARS readthrough transcription promotes these histone modifications. Finally, replication initiation defects induced by increased transcriptional readthrough are partially rescued in the absence of H3K36 methylation. Altogether, these observations indicate that natural pervasive transcription into ARS influences replication initiation through chromatin remodeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soudet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/272666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pervasive transcription-dependent chromatin remodeling influences the replication initiation program]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Avoiding sedentary behaviors requires more cortical resources than avoiding physical activity: An EEG study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HighlightsO_LIIndividuals are slower at approaching sedentary than physical activity stimulinC_LIO_LIIndividuals are quicker at avoiding sedentary than physical activity stimulinC_LIO_LIThese effects are particularly pronounced in physically active individualsnC_LIO_LIAvoiding sedentary behaviors is associated with high levels of conflict monitoring and inhibitionnC_LIO_LIAdditional brain resources are required to escape a general attraction toward sedentary behaviorsnC_LInnAbstractWhy do individuals fail to exercise regularly despite knowledge of the risks associated with physical inactivity? Automatic processes regulating exercise behaviors may partly explain this paradox. Yet, these processes have only been investigated with behavioral paradigms based on reaction times. Here, using electroencephalography, we investigated the cortical activity underlying automatic approach and avoidance tendencies toward stimuli depicting physical activity and sedentary behaviors in 29 young adults who were physically active (n=14) or physically inactive but with the intention of becoming physically active (n=15). Behavioral results showed faster reactions when approaching physical activity compared to sedentary behaviors and when avoiding sedentary behaviors compared to physical activity. These faster reactions were more pronounced in physically active individuals and were associated with changes during sensory integration (earlier onset latency and larger positive deflection of the stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potentials) but not during motor preparation (no effect on the response-locked lateralized readiness potentials). Faster reactions when avoiding sedentary behaviors compared to physical activity were also associated with higher conflict monitoring (larger early and late N1 event-related potentials) and higher inhibition (larger N2 event-related potentials), irrespective of the usual level of physical activity. These results suggest that additional cortical resources were required to counteract an attraction to sedentary behaviors. Data and Materials [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1169140].
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheval, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tipura, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burra, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frossard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orsholits, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisgontier, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/277988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Avoiding sedentary behaviors requires more cortical resources than avoiding physical activity: An EEG study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/280537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal signature of social novelty exploration in the VTA: implication for Autism Spectrum Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/280537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Novel stimuli attract our attention, promote exploratory behavior, and facilitate learning. Atypical habituation and aberrant novelty exploration have been related with the severity of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) but the underlying neuronal circuits are unknown. Here, we report that dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) promote the behavioral responses to novel social stimuli, support preference for social novelty, and mediate the reinforcing properties of novel social interaction. Social novelty exploration is associated with the insertion of calcium-permeable GluA2-lacking AMPA-type glutamate receptors at excitatory synapses on VTA DA neurons. These novelty-dependent synaptic adaptations only persist upon repeated exposure to social stimuli and sustain social interaction. Global or DA neuron-specific inactivation of the ASD risk gene Neuroligin3 alters both social novelty exploration and the reinforcing properties of social stimuli. These behavioral deficits are accompanied by an aberrant expression of non-canonical GluA2-lacking AMPA-receptors at excitatory synapses on VTA DA neurons and an occlusion of novelty-induced synaptic plasticity. Altogether, these findings causally link impaired novelty exploration in an ASD mouse model to VTA DA circuit dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bariselli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hornberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevost-Solie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musardo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatstatt-Burkle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheiffele, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/280537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal signature of social novelty exploration in the VTA: implication for Autism Spectrum Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/281477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Higher-order thalamocortical inputs gate synaptic long-term potentiation via disinhibiton 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/281477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory experience and perceptual learning changes the receptive field properties of cortical pyramidal neurons, largely mediated by long-term potentiation (LTP) of synapses. The circuit mechanisms underlying cortical LTP remain unclear. In the mouse somatosensory cortex (S1), LTP can be elicited in layer (L) 2/3 pyramidal neurons by rhythmic whisker stimulation. We combined electrophysiology, optogenetics, and chemogenetics in thalamocortical slices to dissect the synaptic circuitry underlying this LTP. We found that projections from higher-order, posteriormedial thalamic complex (POm) to S1 are key to eliciting NMDAR-dependent LTP of intracortical synapses. Paired activation of intracortical and higher-order thalamocortical pathways increased vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneuron and decreased somatostatin (SST) interneuron activity, which was critical for inducing LTP. Our results reveal a novel circuit motif in which higher-order thalamic feedback gates plasticity of intracortical synapses in S1 via disinhibition. This motif may allow contextual feedback to shape synaptic circuits that process first-order sensory information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtmaat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/281477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Higher-order thalamocortical inputs gate synaptic long-term potentiation via disinhibiton]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/282376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TFAP2 transcription factors are regulators of lipid droplet biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/282376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How trafficking pathways and organelle abundance adapt in response to metabolic and physiological changes is still mysterious, although a few transcriptional regulators of organellar biogenesis have been identified in recent years. We previously found that the Wnt signaling directly controls lipid droplet formation, linking the cell storage capacity to the established functions of Wnt in development and differentiation. In the present paper, we report that Wnt-induced lipid droplet biogenesis does not depend on the canonical TCF/LEF transcription factors. Instead, we find that TFAP2 family members mediate the pro-lipid droplet signal induced by Wnt3a, leading to the notion that the TFAP2 transcription factor may function as a "master" regulator of lipid droplet biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vossio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rougemont, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/282376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TFAP2 transcription factors are regulators of lipid droplet biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/286831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo pulse-labeling of isochronic cohorts of cells in the central nervous system using FlashTag 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/286831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This protocol describes a fluorescence birthdating technique to label, track and isolate isochronic cohorts of newborn cells in the central nervous system in vivo. Injection of carboxyfluorescein esters into the cerebral ventricle allows pulse-labeling of M-phase progenitors in touch with the ventricle and their progeny across the central nervous system, a procedure we termed FlashTag. Labeled cells can be imaged ex vivo or in fixed tissue, targeted for electrophysiological experiments, or isolated using Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) for cell culture or (single-cell) RNA-sequencing. The dye is retained for several weeks, allowing labeled cells to be identified postnatally. This protocol describes the labeling procedure using in utero injection, the isolation of live cells using FACS, as well as the processing of labeled tissue using immunohistochemistry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Govindan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberst, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/286831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo pulse-labeling of isochronic cohorts of cells in the central nervous system using FlashTag]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/286872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Symbiosis-related genes sustain the development of a downy mildew pathogen on Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/286872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe interfaces through which nutrients are transferred from plant cells to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and biotrophic hyphal pathogens are structurally similar. We report that in Arabidopsis thaliana, mutations in homologs of common symbiosis genes (CSGs) encoding homologs of the symbiosis receptor kinase SYMRK, the nucleoporins NUP133 and SEC13 or the cation channel POLLUX reduce the reproductive success of Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). Analysis of the multiplication of extracellular bacterial pathogens, Hpa-induced cell death or callose accumulation, as well as Hpa-or flg22-induced defence marker gene expression, did not reveal any traces of constitutive or exacerbated defence responses. We discovered an age-dependent, possibly senescence-related transition of haustorial shape that occurred significantly earlier and at higher frequency in the CSG mutants. These findings point to a function of the homologs of common symbiosis genes in haustorial maintenance thus revealing an overlapping gene set for the intracellular accommodation of hyphal symbionts and pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ried, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banhara, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwu, F.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gust, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Höfle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hückelhoven, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nürnberger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parniske, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/286872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Symbiosis-related genes sustain the development of a downy mildew pathogen on Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/290395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A translaminar genetic logic for the circuit identity of intracortically-projecting neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/290395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinct subtypes of intracortically-projecting neurons (ICPN) are present in all layers, allowing propagation of information within and across cortical columns. How the molecular identities of ICPN relate to their defining anatomical and functional properties is unknown. Here we show that the transcriptional identities of ICPN primarily reflect their input-output connectivities rather than their birth dates or laminar positions. Thus, conserved circuit-related transcriptional programs are at play across cortical layers, which may preserve canonical circuit features across development and evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klingler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De la Rossa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fievre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/290395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A translaminar genetic logic for the circuit identity of intracortically-projecting neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/300244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: an overview of the data from the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/300244v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract/SummaryO_ST_ABSBackground and aimsC_ST_ABSUnderstanding the aetiology, clinical presentation and prognosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and optimizing its treatment might be facilitated by biomarkers that help predict a persons susceptibility to the risk factors that cause diabetes or its complications, or response to treatment. The IMI DIRECT (Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification) Study is a European Union (EU) Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) project that seeks to test these hypotheses in two recently established epidemiological cohorts. Here, we describe the characteristics of these cohorts at baseline and at the first main follow-up examination (18-months).nnMaterials and methodsFrom a sampling-frame of 24,682 European-ancestry adults in whom detailed health information was available, participants at varying risk of glycaemic deterioration were identified using a risk prediction algorithm and enrolled into a prospective cohort study (n=2127) undertaken at four study centres across Europe (Cohort 1: prediabetes). We also recruited people from clinical registries with recently diagnosed T2D (n=789) into a second cohort study (Cohort 2: diabetes). The two cohorts were studied in parallel with matched protocols. Endogenous insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were modelled from frequently sampled 75g oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) in Cohort 1 and with mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTT) in Cohort 2. Additional metabolic biochemistry was determined using blood samples taken when fasted and during the tolerance tests. Body composition was assessed using MRI and lifestyle measures through self-report and objective methods.nnResultsUsing ADA-2011 glycaemic categories, 33% (n=693) of Cohort 1 (prediabetes) had normal glucose regulation (NGR), and 67% (n=1419) had impaired glucose regulation (IGR). 76% of the cohort was male, age=62(6.2) years; BMI=27.9(4.0) kg/m2; fasting glucose=5.7(0.6) mmol/l; 2-hr glucose=5.9(1.6) mmol/l [mean(SD)]. At follow-up, 18.6(1.4) months after baseline, fasting glucose=5.8(0.6) mmol/l; 2-hr OGTT glucose=6.1(1.7) mmol/l [mean(SD)]. In Cohort 2 (diabetes): 65% (n=508) were lifestyle treated (LS) and 35% (n=271) were lifestyle + metformin treated (LS+MET). 58% of the cohort was male, age=62(8.1) years; BMI=30.5(5.0) kg/m2; fasting glucose=7.2(1.4)mmol/l; 2-hr glucose=8.6(2.8) mmol/l [mean(SD)]. At follow-up, 18.2(0.6) months after baseline, fasting glucose=7.8(1.8) mmol/l; 2-hr MMTT glucose=9.5(3.3) mmol/l [mean(SD)].nnConclusionThe epidemiological IMI DIRECT cohorts are the most intensely characterised prospective studies of glycaemic deterioration to date. Data from these cohorts help illustrate the heterogeneous characteristics of people at risk of or with T2D, highlighting the rationale for biomarker stratification of the disease - the primary objective of the IMI DIRECT consortium.nnAbbreviations
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koivula, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forgie, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurbasic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinuela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heggie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giordano, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koopman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutters, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siloaho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allin, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brage, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brorsson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawed, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Masi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groves, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kokkola, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauh, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridderstrale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teare, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vestergaard, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froguel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torben, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hattersley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jablonka, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laakso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwenk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/300244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: an overview of the data from the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thrombocytopenia Microcephaly Syndrome - a novel phenotype associated with ACTB mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introductory paragraphUntil recently missense germ-line mutations in ACTB, encoding the ubiquitously expressed {beta}-cytoplasmic actin (CYA), were exclusively associated with Baraitser-Winter Cerebrofrontofacial syndrome (BWCFF), a complex developmental disorder1,2. Here, we report six patients with previously undescribed heterozygous variants clustered in the 3-coding region of ACTB. These patients present with clinical features different from BWCFF, including thrombocytopenia, microcephaly, and mild developmental disability. Patient derived cells are morphologically and functionally distinct from controls. Assessment of cytoskeletal constituents identified a discrete filament population altered in these cells, which comprises force generating and transmitting actin binding proteins (ABP) known to be associated with thrombocytopenia3-8. In silico modelling and molecular dynamics (MD)-simulations support altered interactions between these ABP and mutant {beta}-CYA. Our results describe a new clinical syndrome associated with ACTB mutations with a distinct genotype-phenotype correlation, identify a cytoskeletal protein interaction network crucial for thrombopoiesis, and provide support for the hypomorphic nature of these actinopathy mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Latham, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehmke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinke, P. Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taft, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friez, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fruehwald, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuhann, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrock, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarnow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruetzmann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gawehn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klink, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rump, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaponnier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoefler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manstein, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Donato, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/303909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thrombocytopenia Microcephaly Syndrome - a novel phenotype associated with ACTB mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/307421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic, Proteomic and Phenotypic Heterogeneity in HeLa Cells across Laboratories: Implications for Reproducibility of Research Results 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/307421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The independent reproduction of research results is a cornerstone of experimental research, yet it is beset by numerous challenges, including the quality and veracity of reagents and materials. Much of life science research depends on life materials, including human tissue culture cells. In this study we aimed at determining the degree of variability in the molecular makeup and the ensuing phenotypic consequences in commonly used human tissue culture cells. We collected 14 stock HeLa aliquots from 13 different laboratories across the globe, cultured them in uniform conditions and profiled the genome-wide copy numbers, mRNAs, proteins and protein turnover rates via genomic techniques and SWATH mass spectrometry, respectively. We also phenotyped each cell line with respect to the ability of transfected Let7 mimics to modulate Salmonella infection.nnWe discovered significant heterogeneity between HeLa variants, especially between lines of the CCL2 and Kyoto variety. We also observed progressive divergence within a specific cell line over 50 successive passages. From the aggregate multi-omic datasets we quantified the response of the cells to genomic variability across the transcriptome and proteome. We discovered organelle-specific proteome remodeling and buffering of protein abundance by protein complex stoichiometry, mediated by the adaptation of protein turnover rates. By associating quantitative proteotype and phenotype measurements we identified protein patterns that explained the varying response of the different cell lines to Salmonella infection.nnAltogether the results indicate a striking degree of genomic variability, the rapid evolution of genomic variability in culture and its complex translation into distinctive expressed molecular and phenotypic patterns. The results have broad implications for the interpretation and reproducibility of research results obtained from HeLa cells and provide important basis for a general discussion of the value and requirements for communicating research results obtained from human tissue culture cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreibich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Drogen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germain, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bludau, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehnert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seifert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmenlauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorg, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezrukov, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bena, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Testa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez-Rodriguez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardt, W.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aebersold, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/307421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic, Proteomic and Phenotypic Heterogeneity in HeLa Cells across Laboratories: Implications for Reproducibility of Research Results]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/308270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imaging beyond the super-resolution limits using ultrastructure expansion microscopy (UltraExM) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/308270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For decades, electron microscopy (EM) was the only method able to reveal the ultrastructure of cellular organelles and molecular complexes because of the diffraction limit of optical microscopy. In recent past, the emergence of superresolution fluorescence microscopy enabled the visualization of cellular structures with so far unmatched spatial resolution approaching virtually molecular dimensions. Despite these technological advances, currently super-resolution microscopy does not permit the same resolution level as provided by electron microscopy, impeding the attribution of a protein to an ultrastructural element. Here, we report a novel method of near-native expansion microscopy (UltraExM), enabling the visualization of preserved ultrastructures of macromolecular assemblies with subdiffraction-resolution by standard optical microscopy. UltraExM revealed for the first time the ultrastructural localization of tubulin glutamylation in centrioles. Combined with super-resolution microscopy, UltraExM unveiled the centriolar chirality, an ultrastructural signature, which was only visualizable by electron microscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gambarotto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwettler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cernohorska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schloetel, J.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reuss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyden, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/308270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imaging beyond the super-resolution limits using ultrastructure expansion microscopy (UltraExM)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/312207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optical alignment device for two-photon microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/312207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of brain structure and function through the high resolution and large penetration depth it offers. Investigating neural structures in vivo requires gaining optical access to the brain, which is typically achieved by replacing a part of the skull with one or several layers of cover glass windows. To compensate for the spherical aberrations caused by the presence of these layers of glass, collar-correction objectives are typically used. However, the efficiency of this correction has been shown to depend significantly on the tilt angle between the glass window surface and the optical axis of the imaging system. Here we expand these observations and characterize the effect of the tilt angle on the collected fluorescence signal with thicker windows (double cover glass) and compare these results with an objective devoid of collar-correction. Finally, we present a simple optical alignment device designed to rapidly minimize the tilt angle in vivo and align the optical axis of the microscope perpendicularly to the glass window, thereby significantly improving the imaging quality. The performance of the device is demonstrated in an in vivo setting and a tilt-correction procedure is described, enabling the accurate alignment (<0.2{degrees}) of the cover glass with the imaging plane in only few iterations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galinanes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchand, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcotte, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/312207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optical alignment device for two-photon microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/327619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell mRNA profiling reveals heterogeneous combinatorial expression of Hoxd genes during limb development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/327619v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACT (177 words)A global analysis of gene expression during development reveals specific transcription patterns associated with the emergence of various cell types, tissues and organs. These heterogeneous patterns are instrumental to ensure the proper formation of the different parts of our body, as shown by the phenotypic effects generated by functional genetic approaches. However, variations at the cellular level can be observed within each structure or organ. In the developing mammalian limbs, expression of Hoxd genes is differentially controlled in space and time in cells that will pattern the digits and the arms. Here we analyze single-cell transcriptomes of limb bud cells and show that Hox genes are expressed in specific combinations that match particular cell types. In the presumptive digits, we find that the expression of Hoxd gene is unbalanced, despite their common genomic proximity to known global enhancers, often expressing only a subset of the five genes transcribed in these cells. We also report that combinatorial expression follows a pseudo-time sequence, suggesting that a progression in combinatorial expression may be associated with cellular diversity in developing digits.nnHIGHLIGHTSO_LICollinear expression of Hox genes is only weaved at the tissue scalenC_LIO_LIEnhancer-sharing to specific target genes is reduced at the single-cell levelnC_LIO_LIHoxd gene combinatorial expression is linked to distinct transcriptional signaturesnC_LIO_LIIn presumptive digits, Hoxd combinations follow a pseudotime trajectorynC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fabre, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leleu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo Giudice, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/327619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell mRNA profiling reveals heterogeneous combinatorial expression of Hoxd genes during limb development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/331793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
General Regulatory Factors control the fidelity of transcription by restricting non-coding and ectopic initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/331793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fidelity of transcription initiation is essential for accurate gene expression, but the determinants of start site selection are not fully understood. Rap1 and other General Regulatory Factors (GRFs) control the expression of many genes in yeast. We show that depletion of these factors induces widespread ectopic transcription initiation within promoters. This generates many novel non-coding RNAs and transcript isoforms with diverse stability, profoundly altering the coding potential of the transcriptome. Ectopic transcription initiation strongly correlates with altered nucleosome positioning. We show that Rap1 sterically constrains nucleosomes as its mere binding to the DNA can be sufficient for restoration normal nucleosome positioning, transcription initiation and gene expression. These results demonstrate an essential role for GRFs in the fidelity of transcription initiation and in the suppression of pervasive transcription, redefining current models of their function. They have general implications for the mechanism of transcription initiation and the control of gene expression.nnHIGHLIGHTSO_LIRap1, Abf1 and Reb1 control the fidelity of transcription initiation and suppress pervasive transcriptionnC_LIO_LIWidespread ectopic transcription initiation in Rap1-deficient cells induces variegated alterations in gene expressionnC_LIO_LIAltered nucleosome positioning in GRFs-defective cells correlate with ectopic transcription initiation.nC_LIO_LIRap1 controls nucleosomes positioning and transcription initiation at least partially by a steric hindrance mechanismnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Challal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barucco, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feuerbach, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Candelli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geoffroy, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaksas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/331793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[General Regulatory Factors control the fidelity of transcription by restricting non-coding and ectopic initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/334755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ESCRT and autophagy cooperate to repair ESX-1-dependent damage to the Mycobacterium-containing vacuole 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/334755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phagocytes capture invader microbes within the bactericidal phagosome. Some pathogens subvert killing by damaging and escaping from this compartment. To prevent and fight bacterial escape, cells contain and repair the membrane damage, or finally eliminate the cytosolic escapees. All eukaryotic cells engage highly conserved mechanisms to ensure integrity of membranes in a multitude of physiological and pathological situations, including the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) and autophagy machineries. In Dictyostelium discoideum, recruitment of the ESCRT-III protein Snf7/Chmp4/Vps32 and the ATPase Vps4 to sites of membrane repair relies on the ESCRT-I component Tsg101 and occurs in absence of Ca2+. The ESX-1 dependent membrane perforations produced by the pathogen Mycobacterium marinum separately engage both ESCRT and autophagy. In absence of Tsg101, M. marinum escapes earlier to the cytosol, where it is restricted by xenophagy. We propose that ESCRT has an evolutionary conserved function in containing intracellular pathogens in intact compartments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Jimenez, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenal Munoz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuba, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerstenmaier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagedorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/334755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ESCRT and autophagy cooperate to repair ESX-1-dependent damage to the Mycobacterium-containing vacuole]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/336602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hook length of the bacterial flagellum is controlled to nanometer-scale for optimal motility performance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/336602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most bacteria swim in liquid environments by rotating one or several flagella. The long external filament of the flagellum is connected to a membrane-embedded basal-body by a flexible universal joint, the hook, which allows the transmission of motor torque to the filament. The length of the hook is controlled on a nanometer-scale by a sophisticated molecular ruler mechanism. However, why its length is stringently controlled has remained elusive. We engineered and studied a diverse set of hook-length variants of Salmonella enterica. Measurements of plate-assay motility, single-cell swimming speed and directional persistence in quasi 2D and population-averaged swimming speed and body angular velocity in 3D revealed that the motility performance is optimal around the wild type hook-length. We conclude that too short hooks may be too stiff to function as a junction and too long hooks may buckle and create instability in the flagellar bundle. Accordingly, peritrichously flagellated bacteria move most efficiently as the distance travelled per body rotation is maximal and body wobbling is minimized. Thus, our results suggest that the molecular ruler mechanism evolved to control flagellar hook growth to the optimal length consistent with efficient bundle formation. The hook-length control mechanism is therefore a prime example of how bacteria evolved elegant, but robust mechanisms to maximize their fitness under specific environmental constraints.nnAuthor summaryMany bacteria use flagella for directed movement in liquid environments. The flexible hook connects the membrane-embedded basal-body of the flagellum to the long, external filament. Flagellar function relies on self-assembly processes that define or self-limit the lengths of major parts. The length of the hook is precisely controlled on a nanometer-scale by a molecular ruler mechanism. However, the physiological benefit of tight hook-length control remains unclear. Here, we show that the molecular ruler mechanism evolved to control the optimal length of the flagellar hook, which is consistent with efficient motility performance. These results highlight the evolutionary forces that enable flagellated bacteria to optimize their fitness in diverse environments and might have important implications for the design of swimming micro-robots.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spöring, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hotz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz-Linek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grady, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nava-Sedeno, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vissers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohde, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourquin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzikirou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poon, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dufour, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erhardt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/336602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hook length of the bacterial flagellum is controlled to nanometer-scale for optimal motility performance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SHANK3 downregulation in the VTA accelerates the extinction of contextual associations induced by non-familiar conspecific interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigms, traditionally adopted to study the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, have been developed to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the reinforcing properties of social stimuli. These protocols are largely based on single-housing before and/or during the social stimulus-contextual cues acquisition phase. Here, based on previously established social interaction-induced CPP paradigms, we characterize a place preference task relying on the reinforcing properties of free interaction with a non-familiar (novel) conspecific. The formation of contextual associations induced by the interaction with a novel social stimulus does not require single-housing, necessitates dopamine (DA) receptor 2/3 (D2/3R) activation and undergoes extinction. Interestingly, while extinction of CPP responses is reduced by single-housing, it is accelerated by the downregulation of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related protein SHANK3 in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Thus, inspired by the literature on drug of abuse-induced contextual learning, we propose that acquisition and extinction of CPP might be used as behavioral assays to assess social-induced contextual association and "social-seeking" dysfunctions in animal models of psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bariselli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contestabile, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzanoulinou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/342295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SHANK3 downregulation in the VTA accelerates the extinction of contextual associations induced by non-familiar conspecific interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/343301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PIKfyve/Fab1 is required for efficient V-ATPase delivery to phagosomes, phagosomal killing, and restriction of Legionella infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/343301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
By engulfing potentially harmful microbes, professional phagocytes are continually at risk from intracellular pathogens. To avoid becoming infected, the host must kill pathogens in the phagosome before they can escape or establish a survival niche. Here, we analyse the role of the phosphoinositide (PI) 5-kinase PIKfyve in phagosome maturation and killing, using the amoeba and model phagocyte Dictyostelium discoideum.nnPIKfyve plays important but poorly understood roles in vesicular trafficking by catalysing formation of the lipids phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)2) and phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PI(5)P). Here we show that its activity is essential during early phagosome maturation in Dictyostelium. Disruption of PIKfyve inhibited delivery of both the vacuolar V-ATPase and proteases, dramatically reducing the ability of cells to acidify newly formed phagosomes and digest their contents. Consequently, PIKfyve- cells were unable to generate an effective antimicrobial environment and efficiently kill captured bacteria. Moreover, we demonstrate that cells lacking PIKfyve are more susceptible to infection by the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila. We conclude that PIKfyve-catalysed phosphoinositide production plays a crucial and general role in ensuring early phagosomal maturation, protecting host cells from diverse pathogenic microbes.nnImportanceCells that capture or eat bacteria must swiftly kill them to prevent pathogens from surviving long enough to escape the bactericidal pathway and establish an infection. This is achieved by the rapid delivery of components that produce an antimicrobial environment in the phagosome, the compartment containing the captured microbe. This is essential both for the function of immune cells and for amoebae that feed on bacteria in their environment. Here we identify a central component of the pathway used by cells to deliver antimicrobial components to the phagosome and show that bacteria survive over three times as long within the host if this pathway is disabled. We show that this is of general importance for killing a wide range of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, and that it is physiologically important if cells are to avoid infection by the opportunistic human pathogen Legionella.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buckley, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gueho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dove, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michell, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilbi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Insall, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/343301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PIKfyve/Fab1 is required for efficient V-ATPase delivery to phagosomes, phagosomal killing, and restriction of Legionella infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/346346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics of task-initiated thoughts with combined EEG and fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/346346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When at rest, our mind wanders from thought to thought in distinct mental states. Despite the marked importance of ongoing mental processes, it is challenging to capture and relate these states to specific cognitive contents. In this work, we employed ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and high-density electroencephalography (EEG) to study the ongoing thoughts of participants instructed to retrieve self-relevant past episodes for periods of 20s. These task-initiated, participant-driven activity patterns were compared to a distinct condition where participants performed serial mental arithmetic operations, thereby shifting from self-related to self-unrelated thoughts. BOLD activity mapping revealed selective activity changes in temporal, parietal and occipital areas ("posterior hot zone"), evincing their role in integrating the re-experienced past events into conscious representations during memory retrieval. Functional connectivity analysis showed that these regions were organized in two major subparts of the default mode network, previously associated to "scene-reconstruction" and "self-experience" subsystems. EEG microstate analysis allowed studying these participant-driven thoughts in the millisecond range by determining the temporal dynamics of brief periods of stable scalp potential fields. This analysis revealed selective modulation of occurrence and duration of specific microstates in both conditions. EEG source analysis revealed similar spatial distributions between the sources of these microstates and the regions identified with fMRI. These findings support growing evidence that specific fMRI networks can be captured with EEG as repeatedly occurring, integrated brief periods of synchronized neuronal activity, lasting only fractions of seconds.nnSignificanceWe investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of large-scale brain networks related to specific conscious thoughts. We demonstrate here that instructing participants to direct their thoughts to either episodic autobiographic memory or to mental arithmetic modulates distinct networks both in terms of highly spatially-specific BOLD signal oscillations as well as fast sub-second dynamics of EEG microstates. The combined findings from the two modalities evince a clear link between hemodynamic and electrophysiological signatures of spontaneous brain activity by the occurrence of thoughts that last for fractions of seconds, repeatedly appearing over time as integrated coherent activities of specific large-scale networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brechet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birot, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruetter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/346346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics of task-initiated thoughts with combined EEG and fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/348755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal group 2 innate lymphoid cells control fetal growth and protect from endotoxin-induced abortion in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/348755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) adapt to tissue physiology and contribute to immunity, inflammatory pathology and metabolism. We show that mouse uterine ILC2s have a heightened type-2 gene signature and expand during pregnancy. Indeed, maternal ILC2s promote fetal growth and protect against fetal mortality upon systemic endotoxin challenge. Absence of ILC2s leads to utero-placental abnormalities, including poor vascular remodelling, increased Il1b and decreased Il4, Il5, and Il13 gene expression, and reduced alternative activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Placentas exhibit signs of adaptation to stress, including larger maternal blood spaces and increased expression of nutrient transporter genes. Endotoxin induces the expansion of IL-1{beta}-producing uterine DCs and, in response, more uterine ILC2s produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. In a protective feedback mechanism, these cytokines suppress IL-1{beta}-producing DCs, in line with a protective role of uILC2s against endotoxin-induced abortion. Uterine ILC2s emerge as pivotal for both normal and complicated pregnancies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balmas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shreeve, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kieckbusch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aye, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkes, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trotter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Trello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valenti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sferruzzi-Perri, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaccioli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenzie, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colucci, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/348755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal group 2 innate lymphoid cells control fetal growth and protect from endotoxin-induced abortion in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/356279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Similarity and strength of glomerular odor representations define neural metric of sniff-invariant discrimination time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/356279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The olfactory environment is first represented by glomerular activity patterns in the olfactory bulb. It remained unclear, how these activity patterns intersect with sampling behavior to account for the time required to discriminate odors. Using different classes of volatile stimuli, we investigated glomerular activity patterns and sniffing behavior during olfactory decision-making. Mice discriminated monomolecular odorants and binary mixtures on a fast time scale and learned to increase their breathing frequency at a fixed latency after trial initiation, independent of odor identity. Relative to the increase in breathing frequency, monomolecular odorants were discriminated within 10-40 ms while binary mixtures required an additional 60-70 ms. Intrinsic imaging of odor-evoked glomerular activity maps in anesthetized and awake mice revealed that the Euclidean distance between glomerular patterns elicited by different odors, a measure of similarity and activation strength, was anti-correlated with discrimination time. Therefore, the similarity of glomerular patterns and their activation strengths, rather than sampling behavior, define the extent of neuronal processing required for odor discrimination, establishing a neural metric to predict olfactory discrimination time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abraham, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konakamchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharjee, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turaev, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spors, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/356279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Similarity and strength of glomerular odor representations define neural metric of sniff-invariant discrimination time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/356949v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Think zinc: Role of zinc poisoning in the intraphagosomal killing of bacteria by the amoeba Dictyostelium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/356949v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Professional phagocytes have developed an extensive repertoire of autonomous immunity strategies to ensure killing of bacteria. Besides phagosome acidification and the generation of reactive oxygen species, deprivation of nutrients and the lumenal accumulation of toxic metals are essential to kill ingested bacteria or inhibit growth of intracellular pathogens. We use the soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, a professional phagocyte that digests bacteria for nutritional purposes, to decipher the role of zinc poisoning during phagocytosis of non-pathogenic bacteria and visualize the temporal and spatial dynamics of compartmentalized, free zinc using fluorescent probes. Immediately after particle uptake, zinc is delivered to phagosomes by fusion with "zincosomes" of endosomal origin, but also by the action of one or more zinc transporters. We localize the four Dictyostelium ZnT transporters to endosomes, the contractile vacuole and the Golgi apparatus, and study the impact of znt knockouts on zinc homeostasis. Finally, we show that zinc is delivered into the lumen of Mycobacterium smegmatis-containing vacuoles, and that Escherichia coli deficient in the zinc efflux P1B-type ATPase ZntA is killed faster than wild type bacteria.nnSummary statementMetal poisoning is one of the bactericidal strategies of macrophages. Here, we describe the dynamics of free Zn and the role of Zn transporters during phagocytosis in Dictyostelium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barisch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalinina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefrancois, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appiah, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/356949</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Think zinc: Role of zinc poisoning in the intraphagosomal killing of bacteria by the amoeba Dictyostelium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transposon silencing in the Drosophila female germline ensures genome stability in progeny embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The piRNA pathway functions in transposon control in the germ line of metazoans. The conserved RNA helicase Vasa is an essential piRNA pathway component, but has additional important developmental functions. Here we address the importance of Vasa-dependent transposon control in the Drosophila female germline and early embryos. We find that transient loss of vasa expression during early oogenesis leads to transposon up-regulation in supporting nurse cells of the fly egg-chamber. We show that elevated transposon levels have dramatic consequences, as de-repressed transposons accumulate in the oocyte where they cause DNA damage. We find that suppression of Chk2-mediated DNA damage signaling in vasa mutant females restores oogenesis and egg production. Damaged DNA and up-regulated transposons are transmitted from the mother to the embryos, which sustain severe nuclear defects and arrest development. Our findings reveal that the Vasa-dependent protection against selfish genetic elements in the nuage of nurse cell is essential to prevent DNA damage-induced arrest of embryonic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ephrussi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durdevic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillai, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/363028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transposon silencing in the Drosophila female germline ensures genome stability in progeny embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Curvature Dependent constraints drive remodeling of epithelia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelial tissues are essential to keep a proper barrier for the organism. They usually have highly curved shapes, such as tubules or cysts. However, interplays between the environment and cell mechanical properties to set the shape are not known. In this study, we encapsulated two epithelial cell lineages, MDCK and J3B1A, into hollow alginate tubes and grew them under cylindrical confinement. Once formed, the epithelial MDCK layer detached from the alginate shell, while J3B1A layer remained adherent. Detachment resulted from contractile forces within cell layers that pulled cells away from the shell. We concluded that J3B1A cells have lower contractility than MDCK cells. As the pulling forces depend on the radius of the tube, we induced detachment of J3B1A cells by reducing the size of the hollow tube by two. Moreover, in bent tubes, detachment was more pronounced on the outer side of the turn, while extrusion occurred in the inner side, further highlighting the coupling between curvature and cell contractility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maechler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomba, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/364208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Curvature Dependent constraints drive remodeling of epithelia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synchronised brood transport by ants occurs without communication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Collective behaviours in societies such as those formed by ants are thought to be the result of distributed mechanisms of information processing and direct decision-making by well-informed individuals, but their relative importance remains unclear. Here we tracked all ants and brood movements to investigate the decision strategy underlying brood transport in nests of the ant Camponotus fellah. Changes in environmental conditions induced workers to quickly transport the brood to a preferred location. Only a minority of the workers, mainly nurses, participated in this task. Using a large number of statistical tests we could further show that these transporters omitted to recruit help, and relied only on private information rather than information obtained from other workers. This reveals that synchronised group behaviour, often suggestive of coordinated actions among workers, can also occur in the complete absence of communication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mersch, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmann, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/364273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synchronised brood transport by ants occurs without communication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/365957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression estimation and eQTL mapping for HLA genes with a personalized pipeline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/365957v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens) genes are well-documented targets of balancing selection, and variation at these loci is associated with many disease phenotypes. Variation in expression levels also influences disease susceptibility and resistance, but little information exists about the regulation and population-level patterns of expression due to the difficulty in mapping short reads to these highly polymorphic loci, and in accounting for the existence of several paralogues. We developed a computational pipeline to accurately estimate expression for HLA genes based on RNA-seq, improving both locus-level and allele-level estimates. First, reads are aligned to all known HLA sequences in order to infer HLA genotypes, then quantification of expression is carried out using a personalized index. We use simulations to show that expression estimates are not biased due to divergence from the reference genome. We applied our pipeline to GEUVADIS dataset, and compared the quantifications to those obtained with reference transcriptome, and found that a substantial portion of the variation captured by the HLA-personalized index in not captured by the standard index (23%). We describe the impact of the HLA-personalized approach on downstream analyses for seven HLA loci (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1). Although the influence of the HLA-personalized approach is modest for eQTL mapping, the p-values and the causality of the eQTLs obtained are better than when the reference transcriptome is used. Finally, we integrate information on HLA-allele level expression with the eQTL findings to show that the HLA allele is an important layer of variation to understand HLA regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aguiar, V. R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesar, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/365957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression estimation and eQTL mapping for HLA genes with a personalized pipeline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/369678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous production of diverse neuronal subtypes during early corticogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/369678v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The circuits of the neocortex are composed of a broad diversity of neuronal cell types, which can be distinguished by their laminar location, molecular identity, and connectivity. During embryogenesis, successive generations of glutamatergic neurons are sequentially born from progenitors located in germinal zones below the cortex. In this process, the earliest-born generations of neurons differentiate to reside in deep layers, while later-born daughter neurons reside in more superficial layers. Although the aggregate competence of progenitors to produce successive subtypes of neurons progresses as corticogenesis proceeds, a fine-grained temporal understanding of how neuronal subtypes are sequentially produced is still missing. Here, we use FlashTag, a high temporal resolution labeling approach, to follow the fate of the simultaneously-born daughter neurons of ventricular zone progenitors at multiple stages of corticogenesis. Our findings reveal a bimodal regulation in the diversity of neurons being produced at single time points of corticogenesis. Initially, distinct subtypes of deep-layer neurons are simultaneously produced, as defined by their laminar location, molecular identity and connectivity. Later on, instead, instantaneous neuronal production is homogeneous and the distinct superficial-layer neurons subtypes are sequentially produced. These findings suggest that early-born, deep-layer neurons have a less determined fate potential than later-born superficial layer neurons, which may reflect the progressive implementation of pre-and/or post-mitotic mechanisms controlling neuronal fate reliability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Magrinelli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagener, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/369678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous production of diverse neuronal subtypes during early corticogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/372664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CONSERVATION AND VARIATIONS OF BIMODAL HoxD GENE REGULATION DURING TETRAPOD LIMB DEVELOPMENT 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/372664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In all tetrapods examined thus far, the development and patterning of limbs require the activation of gene members of the HoxD cluster. In mammals, they are controlled by a complex bimodal regulation, which controls first the proximal patterning, then the distal structure, allowing at the same time the formation of the wrist and ankle articulations. We analyzed the implementation of this regulatory mechanism in chicken, i.e. in an animal where large morphological differences exist between fore-and hindlimbs. We report that while this bimodal regulation is globally conserved between mammals and avian, some important modifications evolved at least between these two model systems, in particular regarding the activity of specific enhancers, the width of the TAD boundary separating the two regulations and the comparison between the forelimb versus hindlimb regulatory controls. Some aspects of these regulations seem to be more conserved between chick and bats than with the mouse situation, which may relate to the extent to which forelimbs and hindlimbs of these various animals differ in their functions.nnAUTHOR SUMMARYThe morphologies of limbs largely vary either amongst tetrapod species, or even between the fore-and hindlimbs of the same animal species. In order to try and evaluate whether variations in the complex regulation of Hoxd genes during limb development may contribute to these differences, we compared their transcriptional controls during both fore-and hindlimb buds development in either the mouse, or the chicken embryos. We combined transcriptome analyses with 3D genome conformation, histone modification profiles and mouse genetics and found that the regulatory mechanism underlying Hoxd gene expression was highly conserved in all contexts, though with some clear differences. For instance, we observed a variation in the TAD boundary interval between the mouse and the chick, as well as differences in the activity of a conserved enhancer element (CS93) situated within the T-DOM regulatory landscape. In contrast to the mouse, the chicken enhancer indeed displayed a stronger activity in fore-than in hindlimb buds, coinciding with the observed striking differences in the mRNA levels. Altogether, differences in both the timing and duration of TAD activities and in the width of their boundary may parallel the important decrease in Hoxd gene transcription in chick hindlimb versus forelimb buds. These differences may also account for the slightly distinct regulatory strategies implemented by mammals and birds at this locus, potentially leading to substantial morphological variations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yakushiji-Kaminatsui, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolt, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/372664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CONSERVATION AND VARIATIONS OF BIMODAL HoxD GENE REGULATION DURING TETRAPOD LIMB DEVELOPMENT]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/378760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell molecular connectomics of intracortically-projecting neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/378760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neocortex is organized into distinct areas, whose interconnectivity underlies sensorimotor transformations and integration1-7. These behaviorally critical functions are mediated by intracortically-projecting neurons (ICPN), which are a heterogeneous population of cells sending axonal branches to distinct cortical areas as well as to subcortical targets8-10. Although population-based11-14 and single-cell15-19 intracortical wiring diagrams are being identified, the transcriptional signatures corresponding to single-cell axonal projections of ICPN to multiple sites remain unknown. To address this question, we developed a high-throughput approach, "ConnectID", to link connectome and transcriptome in single neurons. ConnectID combines MAPseq projection mapping17,20 (to identify single-neuron multiplex projections) with single-cell RNA sequencing (to identify corresponding gene expression). Using primary somatosensory cortex (S1) ICPN as proof-of-principle neurons, we identify three cardinal targets: (1) the primary motor cortex (M1), (2) the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and (3) subcortical targets (Sub). Using ConnectID, we identify transcriptional modules whose combined activities reflect multiplex projections to these cardinal targets. Based on these findings, we propose that the combinatorial activity of connectivity-defined transcriptional modules serves as a generic molecular mechanism to create diverse axonal projection patterns within and across neuronal cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klingler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebschull, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/378760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell molecular connectomics of intracortically-projecting neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/379461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High efficiency genomic editing in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid B cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/379461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) represent a valuable resource for population genetic studies, they are usually regarded as difficult for CRISPR-mediated genomic editing. It would be valuable to be able to take the results of their functional variant studies and test them in the same LCLs. We describe a protocol using a single-stranded donor oligonucleotide (ssODN) strategy for  scarless editing in LCLs. The protocol involves optimized transfection, flow cytometric sorting of transfected cells to single cells in multi-well plates and growth in conditioned, serum-rich medium, followed by characterization of the clones. Amplicon sequencing reveals the relative proportions of alleles with different editing events, with sequencing of DNA from clones showing the frequencies of events in individual cells. We find 12/60 (20%) of clones selected in this manner to have the desired ssODN-mediated recombination event. Long-range PCR of DNA at the edited locus and of RT-PCR products for the gene traversing the edited locus reveals 3/6 characterized clones (50%) to have large structural mutations of the region that are missed by sequencing just the edited site. The protocol does not require the use of lentiviruses or stable transfection, and makes LCLs a realistic cell type for consideration for CRISPR-mediated genomic targeting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnston, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simoes-Pires, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greally, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/379461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High efficiency genomic editing in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid B cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/382945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Genomic Basis of Arthropod Diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/382945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundArthropods comprise the largest and most diverse phylum on Earth and play vital roles in nearly every ecosystem. Their diversity stems in part from variations on a conserved body plan, resulting from and recorded in adaptive changes in the genome. Dissection of the genomic record of sequence change enables broad questions regarding genome evolution to be addressed, even across hyper-diverse taxa within arthropods.nnResultsUsing 76 whole genome sequences representing 21 orders spanning more than 500 million years of arthropod evolution, we document changes in gene and protein domain content and provide temporal and phylogenetic context for interpreting these innovations. We identify many novel gene families that arose early in the evolution of arthropods and during the diversification of insects into modern orders. We reveal unexpected variation in patterns of DNA methylation across arthropods and examples of gene family and protein domain evolution coincident with the appearance of notable phenotypic and physiological adaptations such as flight, metamorphosis, sociality and chemoperception.nnConclusionsThese analyses demonstrate how large-scale comparative genomics can provide broad new insights into the genotype to phenotype map and generate testable hypotheses about the evolution of animal diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas, G. W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohmen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, D. S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poelchau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glastad, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anstead, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayoub, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batterham, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellair, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binford, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doddapaneni, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasser, R. B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodisman, M. A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gundersen-Rindal, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handler, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatakeyama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hering, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannidis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayaseelan, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khila, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korhonen, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsey, A. R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGregor, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenna, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misof,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/382945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Genomic Basis of Arthropod Diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/385039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine neurons projecting to medial shell of the nucleus accumbens drive heroin reinforcement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/385039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dopamine (DA) hypothesis posits the increase of mesolimbic dopamine levels as a defining commonality of addictive drugs, initially causing reinforcement, eventually leading to compulsive consumption. While much experimental evidence from psychostimulants supports this hypothesis, it has been challenged for opioid reinforcement. Here, we use genetically encoded DA and calcium indicators as well as cFos to reveal that heroin activates DA neurons located in the medial part of the VTA, preferentially projecting to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations of VTA DA or GABA neurons establish a causal link to heroin reinforcement. Inhibition of DA neurons blocked heroin self-administration, while heroin inhibited optogenetic self-stimulation of DA neurons. Likewise, heroin occluded the self-inhibition of VTA GABA neurons. Together, these experiments support a model of disinhibition of a subset of VTA DA neurons in opioid reinforcement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lüscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patriarchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loureïro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascoli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zessen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/385039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine neurons projecting to medial shell of the nucleus accumbens drive heroin reinforcement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/385054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of Menstrual Health Status and Evolution through Mobile Apps for Fertility Awareness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/385054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For most women of reproductive age, assessing menstrual health and fertility typically involves regular visits to a gynecologist or another clinician. While these evaluations provide critical information on an individuals reproductive health status, they typically rely on memory-based self-reports, and the results are rarely, if ever, assessed at the population level. In recent years, mobile apps for menstrual tracking have become very popular, allowing us to evaluate the reliability and tracking frequency of millions of self-observations, thereby providing an unparalleled view, both in detail and scale, on menstrual health and its evolution for large populations. In particular, we were interested in exploring the tracking behavior of the app users and their overall observation patterns in an effort to understand if they were consistent with previous small-scale medical studies. We also investigated whether their precision allowed the detection and estimation of ovulation timing, which is critical for reproductive and menstrual health. Retrospective self-observation data were acquired from two mobile apps dedicated to the application of the sympto-thermal fertility awareness method, resulting in a dataset of more than 30 million days of observations from over 2.7 million cycles. The analysis of the data showed that up to 40% of the cycles in which users were seeking pregnancy had recordings every single day. With a modeling approach using Hidden Markov Models to describe the collected data and estimate ovulation timing, it was found that follicular phases average duration and range were larger than previously reported, with only 24% of ovulations occurring at days 14 to 15, while the luteal phase duration and range were in line with previous reports, although short luteal phases (10 days or less) were more frequently observed (in up to 20% of cycles). The digital epidemiology approach presented here can help to lead to a better understanding of menstrual health and its connection to womens health overall, which has historically been severely understudied.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Symul, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wac, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salathe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/385054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of Menstrual Health Status and Evolution through Mobile Apps for Fertility Awareness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/388918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aurora A depletion reveals centrosome-independent polarization mechanism in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/388918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How living systems break symmetry in an organized manner is an important question in biology. In C. elegans zygotes, symmetry breaking normally occurs in the vicinity of centrosomes, resulting in anterior-directed cortical flows and establishment of a single posterior PAR-2 domain. Here, we report that zygotes depleted of the Aurora A kinase AIR-1 or of centrosomes establish two posterior domains, one at each pole. Using transgenic animals and microfabricated triangular chambers, we establish that such bipolarity occurs in a PAR-2- and curvature-dependent manner. Furthermore, we develop an integrated physical model of symmetry breaking, establishing that local PAR-dependent weakening of the actin cortex, together with mutual inhibition of anterior and posterior PAR proteins, provides a mechanism for self-organized PAR polarization without functional centrosomes in C. elegans.nnOne Sentence SummaryWe uncover a novel centrosome-independent mechanism of polarization in C. elegans zygotes
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klinkert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levernier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentili, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Tobel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grill, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonczy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/388918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aurora A depletion reveals centrosome-independent polarization mechanism in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detecting overlapping spatial clusters of high sugar-sweetened beverage intake and high body mass index in a general population: a cross-sectional study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTo identify populations and areas presenting higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and their overlap with populations and areas presenting higher body mass index (BMI).nnDesignCross-sectional population-based study.nnSettingState of Geneva, Switzerland.nnParticipants15,767 non-institutionalized residents aged between 35 and 74 years (20 and 74 since 2011) of the state of Geneva, Switzerland.nnMain outcome measuresSpatial indices of sugar-sweetened beverage intake frequency and body mass index. Median regression analysis was used to control for characteristics of patients.nnResultsThe SSB intake frequency and the BMI were not randomly distributed across the state. Among the 15,423 participants retained for the analyses, 2,034 (13.2%) were within clusters of high SSB intake frequency and 1,651 (10.7%) was within clusters of low SSB intake frequency, 11,738 (76.1%) showed no spatial dependence. We also identified clusters of BMI, 4,014 (26.0%) participants were within clusters of high BMI and 3,591 (23.3%) were within clusters of low BMI, 7,818 (50.7%) showed no spatial dependence. We found that clusters of SSB intake frequency and BMI overlap in specific areas. 1,719 (11.1%) participants were within high SSB intake frequency and high BMI clusters. After adjustment for covariates (education level, gender, age, nationality, and the median income of the area), the identified clusters persisted and were only slightly attenuated.nnConclusionA fine-scale spatial approach allows identifying specific populations and areas presenting higher SSB consumption and, for some areas, higher SSB consumption associated with higher BMI. These findings could guide legislators to develop targeted interventions such as prevention campaigns and pave the way for precision public health.nnWhat is already known on this topicO_LIThe consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is an important contributory factor of obesity and obesity-related diseases.nC_LIO_LISSB consumption varies according to socioeconomic status, which could explain the higher prevalence of obesity in specific areas.nC_LIO_LISSB taxation faces resistance in many countries due to its potential regressive nature.nC_LInnWhat this study addsO_LIThe spatial analysis of individual-level SSB consumption in the state of Geneva provides a clear identification of populations and areas presenting higher SSB consumption and, for some areas, higher SSB consumption along with higher body mass index (BMI).nC_LIO_LIThe results demonstrate the persistence of SSB clustering in the geographic space after adjusting for education level, gender, nationality, age, and neighborhood-level median income.nC_LIO_LIThe findings provide guidance for future public health interventions to reduce SSB consumption by better targeting vulnerable populations.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joost, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Ridder, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques-Vidal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacchilega, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theler, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspoz, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guessous, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/399584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detecting overlapping spatial clusters of high sugar-sweetened beverage intake and high body mass index in a general population: a cross-sectional study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic signatures accompanying the dietary shift to phytophagy in polyphagous beetles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe diversity and evolutionary success of beetles (Coleoptera) are proposed to be related to the diversity of plants on which they feed. Indeed the largest beetle suborder, Polyphaga, mostly includes plant-eaters among its ~315,000 species. In particular, plants defend themselves with a diversity of specialized toxic chemicals. These may impose selective pressures that drive genomic diversification and speciation in phytophagous beetles. However, evidence of changes in beetle gene repertoires driven by such interactions remains largely anecdotal and without explicit hypothesis testing.nnResultsTo address this, we explored the genomic consequences of beetle-plant trophic interactions by performing comparative gene family analyses across 18 species representing the two most species-rich beetle suborders. We contrasted the gene contents of species from the mostly plant-eating suborder Polyphaga with those of the mainly predatory Adephaga. We found gene repertoire evolution to be more dynamic, with significantly more adaptive lineage-specific expansions, in the more speciose Polyphaga. Testing the specific hypothesis of adaptation to plant-feeding, we identified families of enzymes putatively involved in beetle-plant interactions that underwent adaptive expansions in Polyphaga. There was especially strong support for the selection hypothesis on large gene families for glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase detoxification enzymes.nnConclusionsOur explicit modeling of the evolution of gene repertoires across 18 species identifies adaptive lineage-specific gene family expansions that accompany the dietary shift towards plants in beetles. These genomic signatures support the popular hypothesis of a key role for interactions with plant chemical defenses, and for plant-feeding in general, in driving beetle diversification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seppey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannidis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitteloud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson-Rechavi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escalona, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenna, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misof, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterhouse, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/399808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic signatures accompanying the dietary shift to phytophagy in polyphagous beetles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/400291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human pancreatic islet 3D chromatin architecture provides insights into the genetics of type 2 diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/400291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic studies promise to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes (T2D). Variants associated with T2D are often located in tissue-specific enhancer regions (enhancer clusters, stretch enhancers or super-enhancers). So far, such domains have been defined through clustering of enhancers in linear genome maps rather than in 3D-space. Furthermore, their target genes are generally unknown. We have now created promoter capture Hi-C maps in human pancreatic islets. This linked diabetes-associated enhancers with their target genes, often located hundreds of kilobases away. It further revealed sets of islet enhancers, super-enhancers and active promoters that form 3D higher-order hubs, some of which show coordinated glucose-dependent activity. Hub genetic variants impact the heritability of insulin secretion, and help identify individuals in whom genetic variation of islet function is important for T2D. Human islet 3D chromatin architecture thus provides a framework for interpretation of T2D GWAS signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miguel-Escalada, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonas-Guarch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cebola, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponsa-Cobas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendieta-Esteban, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolando, D. M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javierre, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atla, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farabella, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Hurtado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beucher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquali, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appel, E. V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linneberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gjesing, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witte, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garup, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravassard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torrents, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercader, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piemonti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berney, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Koning, E. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr-Conte, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedko, I. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prokopenko, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marti-Renom, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/400291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human pancreatic islet 3D chromatin architecture provides insights into the genetics of type 2 diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/401190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cyclodextrin triggers MCOLN1-dependent endo-lysosome secretion in Niemann-Pick type C cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/401190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In specialized cell types, lysosome-related organelles support regulated secretory pathways, while in non-specialized cells, lysosomes can undergo fusion with the plasma membrane in response to a transient rise in cytosolic calcium. Recent evidence also indicates that lysosome secretion can be controlled transcriptionally and promote clearance in lysosome storage diseases. In addition, evidence is also accumulating that low concentrations of cyclodextrins reduce the cholesterol storage phenotype in cells and animals with the cholesterol storage disease Niemann-Pick type C, via an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that cyclodextrin triggers the secretion of the endo/lysosomal content in non-specialized cells, and that this mechanism is responsible for the decreased cholesterol overload in Niemann-Pick type C cells. We also find that that the secretion of the endo/lysosome content occurs via a mechanism dependent on the endosomal calcium channel MCOLN1, as well as FYCO1, the AP1 adaptor and its partner Gadkin. We conclude that endolysosomes in non-specialized cells can acquire secretory functions elicited by cyclodextrin, and that this pathway is responsible for the decrease in cholesterol storage in Niemann-Pick C cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vacca, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vossio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paz Montoya, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moniatte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/401190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cyclodextrin triggers MCOLN1-dependent endo-lysosome secretion in Niemann-Pick type C cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/402552v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Dynamics in Movement Intermittency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/402552v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
What determines how we move in the world? Motor neuroscience often focusses either on intrinsic rhythmical properties of motor circuits or extrinsic sensorimotor feedback loops. Here we show that the interplay of both intrinsic and extrinsic dynamics is required to explain the intermittency observed in continuous tracking movements. Using spatiotemporal perturbations in humans, we demonstrate that apparently discrete submovements made 2-3 times per second reflect constructive interference between motor errors and continuous feedback corrections that are filtered by intrinsic circuitry in the motor system. Local field potentials in monkey motor cortex revealed characteristic signatures of a Kalman filter giving rise to both low-frequency cortical cycles during movement, and delta oscillations during sleep. We interpret these results within the framework of optimal feedback control, and suggest that the intrinsic rhythmicity of motor cortical networks reflects an internal model of external dynamics which is used for state estimation during feedback-guided movement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Susilaradeya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/402552</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extrinsic and Intrinsic Dynamics in Movement Intermittency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/403592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo function of the lipid raft protein Flotillin 1 during CD8+ T cell-mediated host surveillance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/403592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flotillin-1 (Flot1) is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed lipid raft-associated scaffolding protein. Migration of Flot1-deficient neutrophils is impaired due to a decrease in myosin II-mediated contractility. Flot1 also accumulates in the uropod of polarized T cells, suggesting an analogous role in T cell migration. Here, we analyzed morphology and migration of naive and memory WT and Flot1-/- CD8+ T cells in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues with intravital two-photon microscopy, as well as their clonal expansion during antiviral immune responses. Flot1-/- CD8+ T cells displayed minor alterations in cell shape and motility parameters in vivo but showed comparable homing to lymphoid organs and infiltration into non-lymphoid tissues. Taken together, Flot1 plays a detectable but unexpectedly minor role for CD8+ T cell behavior under physiological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ficht, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruef, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolp, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moalli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diz-Munoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niggli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/403592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo function of the lipid raft protein Flotillin 1 during CD8+ T cell-mediated host surveillance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/403774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profound functional and molecular diversity of mitochondria revealed by cell type-specific profiling in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/403774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria vary in morphology and function in different tissues, however little is known about their molecular diversity among cell types. To investigate mitochondrial diversity in vivo, we developed an efficient protocol to isolate cell type-specific mitochondria based on a new MitoTag mouse. We profiled the mitochondrial proteome of three major neural cell types in cerebellum and identified a substantial number of differential mitochondrial markers for these cell types in mice and humans. Based on predictions from these proteomes, we demonstrate that astrocytic mitochondria metabolize long-chain fatty acids more efficiently than neurons. Moreover, we identified Rmdn3 as a major determinant of ER-mitochondria proximity in Purkinje cells. Our novel approach enables exploring mitochondrial diversity on the functional and molecular level in many in vivo contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fecher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trovo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snaidero, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wettmarshausen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heink, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kühn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karl, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konnerth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wurst, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtenthaler, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perocchi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misgeld, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/403774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profound functional and molecular diversity of mitochondria revealed by cell type-specific profiling in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/408062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VTA dopamine neurons multiplex external with internal representations of goal-directed action 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/408062v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) track external cues and rewards to generate a reward prediction error (RPE) signal during Pavlovian conditioning. Here we explored how RPE is implemented for a self-paced, operant task in freely moving mice. The animal could trigger a reward-predicting cue by remaining in a specific location of an operant box for a brief time before moving to a spout for reward collection. In vivo single-unit recordings revealed phasic responses to the cue and reward in correct trials, while with failures the activity paused, reflecting positive and negative error signals of a reward prediction. In addition, a majority of VTA DA neurons also encoded parameters of the goal-directed action (e.g. movement velocity, acceleration, distance to goal and licking) by changes in tonic firing rate. Such multiplexing of individual neurons was only apparent while the mouse was engaged in the task. We conclude that a multiplexed internal representation during the task modulates VTA DA neuron activity, indicating a multimodal prediction error that shapes behavioral adaptation of a self-paced goal-directed action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kremer, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flakowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lüscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/408062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VTA dopamine neurons multiplex external with internal representations of goal-directed action]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/409458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptional dynamics and origins of neuronal diversity in the developing mouse neocortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/409458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During cortical development, distinct subtypes of glutamatergic neurons are sequentially born and differentiate from dynamic populations of progenitors. The neurogenic competence of these progenitors progresses as corticogenesis proceeds; likewise, newborn neurons transit through sequential states as they differentiate. Here, we trace the developmental transcriptional trajectories of successive generations of apical progenitors (APs) and isochronic cohorts of their daughter neurons using parallel single-cell RNA sequencing between embryonic day (E) 12 and E15 in the mouse cerebral cortex. Our results identify the birthdate- and differentiation stage-related transcriptional dynamics at play during corticogenesis. As corticogenesis proceeds, APs transit through embryonic age-dependent molecular states, which are transmitted to their progeny to generate successive initial daughter cell identities. In neurons, essentially conserved post-mitotic differentiation programs are applied onto these distinct AP-derived ground states, allowing temporally-regulated sequential emergence of specialized neuronal cell types. Molecular temporal patterning of sequentially-born daughter neurons by their respective mother cell thus underlies emergence of neuronal diversity in the neocortex.nnOne Sentence SummaryDuring corticogenesis, temporally dynamic molecular birthmarks are transmitted from progenitors to their post-mitotic progeny to generate neuronal diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Telley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agirman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fievre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberst, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitali, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/409458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptional dynamics and origins of neuronal diversity in the developing mouse neocortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/410407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomics of the mouse gonadal soma reveals the establishment of sexual dimorphism in distinct cell lineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/410407v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex determination is a unique process that allows the study of multipotent progenitors and their acquisition of sex-specific fates during differentiation of the gonad into a testis or an ovary. Using time-series single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on ovarian Nr5a1-GFP+ somatic cells during sex determination, we identified a single population of early progenitors giving rise to both pre-granulosa cells and potential steroidogenic precursor cells. By comparing time-series scRNA-seq of XX and XY somatic cells, we demonstrate that the supporting cells emerge from the early progenitors with a non-sex-specific transcriptomic program, before pre-granulosa and Sertoli cells acquire their sex-specific identity. In XX and XY steroidogenic precursors similar transcriptomic profiles underlie the acquisition of cell fate, but with a delay in XX cells. Our data provide a novel framework, at single-cell resolution, for further interrogation of the molecular and cellular basis of mammalian sex determination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stevant, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhne, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenfield, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaboissier, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/410407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptomics of the mouse gonadal soma reveals the establishment of sexual dimorphism in distinct cell lineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/416479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drug-induced increase in lysobisphosphatidic acid reduces the cholesterol overload in Niemann-Pick type C cells and mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/416479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most cells acquire cholesterol by endocytosis of circulating LDLs. After cholesteryl ester de-esterification in endosomes, free cholesterol is redistributed to intracellular membranes via unclear mechanisms. Our previous work suggested that the unconventional phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) may play a role in modulating the cholesterol flux through endosomes. In this study, we used the Prestwick library of FDA-approved compounds in a high content, image-based screen of the endosomal lipids, lysobisphosphatidic acid and LDL-derived cholesterol. We report that thioperamide maleate, an inverse agonist of the histamine H3 receptor HRH3, increases highly selectively the levels of lysobisphosphatidic acid, without affecting any endosomal protein or function that we tested. Our data also show that thioperamide significantly reduces the endosome cholesterol overload in fibroblasts from patients with the cholesterol storage disorder Niemann-Pick type C (NPC), as well as in liver of Npc1-/- mice. We conclude that LBPA controls endosomal cholesterol mobilization and export to cellular destinations, perhaps by fluidifying or buffering cholesterol in endosomal membranes, and that thioperamide has repurposing potential for the treatment of NPC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moreau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vacca, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vossio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colaco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paz Montoya, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moniatte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parton, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/416479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drug-induced increase in lysobisphosphatidic acid reduces the cholesterol overload in Niemann-Pick type C cells and mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sfp1 regulates transcriptional networks driving cell growth and division through multiple promoter binding modes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how transcriptional programs help to coordinate cell growth and division is an important unresolved problem. Here we report that the nutrient- and stress-regulated transcription factor Sfp1 is rate-limiting for expression of several large classes of genes involved in yeast cell growth, including ribosomal protein, ribosome biogenesis, and snoRNA genes. Remarkably, the spectrum of Sfp1 transcription effects is concordant with a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromatin endogenous cleavage binding analyses, which together provide evidence for two distinct modes of Sfp1 promoter binding, one requiring a co-factor and the other a specific DNA-recognition motif. In addition to growth-related genes, Sfp1 binds to and regulates the promoters of cell cycle "START" regulon genes, including the key G1/S cyclins CLN1 and CLN2. Our findings suggest that Sfp1 acts as a master regulator of cell growth and cell size by coordinating the expression of genes implicated in mass accumulation and cell division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomassetti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloor, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattarocci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/420794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sfp1 regulates transcriptional networks driving cell growth and division through multiple promoter binding modes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anoxygenic Photosynthesis and Dark Carbon Metabolism under micro-oxic conditions in the Purple Sulfur Bacterium \"Thiodictyon syntrophicum\" nov. strain Cad16T 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1.The microbial ecosystem of the meromictic Lake Cadagno (Ticino, Swiss Alps) has been studied intensively to understand metabolic functions driven by the highly abundant anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria of the families Chromatiaceae and Chlorobiaceae. It was found that the sequenced isolate "Thiodictyon syntrophicum" nov. sp. str. Cad16T, belonging to the Chromatiaceae, may fix 26% of all bulk inorganic carbon in the chemocline at day and night. With this study, we elucidated the mode of dark carbon fixation of str. Cad16T with a combination of long-term monitoring of key physicochemical parameters with CTD, 14C-incorporation experiments and quantitative proteomics of in situ dialysis bag incubations of pure cultures. Regular vertical CTD profiling during the study period in summer 2017 revealed that the chemocline sank from 12 to 14 m which was accompanied by a bloom of cyanobacteria and the subsequent oxygenation of the deeper water column. Sampling was performed both day and night in September. While CO2 assimilation rates were higher during the light period, the relative change in the proteome (663 quantified proteins) was only 1% of all CDS encoded in str. Cad16T. Oxidative respiration was thereby upregulated at light, whereas stress-related mechanisms prevailed during the night. These results indicate that the low light availability due to high cell concentrations and the oxygenation of the chemocline induced a mixotrophic growth in str. Cad16T.nnThe complete proteome data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010641.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luedin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storelli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danza, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittwer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pothier, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonolla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/420927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anoxygenic Photosynthesis and Dark Carbon Metabolism under micro-oxic conditions in the Purple Sulfur Bacterium \"Thiodictyon syntrophicum\" nov. strain Cad16T]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/424887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time and space dimensions of gene dosage imbalance of aneuploidies revealed by single cell transcriptomes. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/424887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms underlying cellular and organismal phenotypes due to copy number alterations (CNA) are not fully understood. Aneuploidy is a major source of gene dosage imbalance due to CNA and viable human trisomies are model disorders of altered gene expression. To understand the cellular impact of gene dosage imbalance, we studied gene and allele specific expression (ASE) of 9668 single-cell fibroblasts in trisomies T21, T18, T13 and T8. To limit the bias of interindividual noise, all comparisons between euploid and trisomic single-cells were performed on an isogenic setting for all trisomies studied. Initially we examined 928 single cells with deep RNA-Seq. For T21 we used fibroblasts from one pair of monozygotic twins discordant for T21 and from mosaic T21. For T18, T13 and T8 we analyzed single cells from mosaic individuals. Single-cell analyses revealed inconsistencies concerning the overexpression of some genes observed in differential trisomic vs euploid bulk RNAseq while this imbalance was not detectable in trisomic vs. euploid single cells. Moreover, ASE profiling of all single cells uncovered a substantial monoallelic pattern of expression in the trisomic fraction of the genome. By classifying genes according to the level of mono and bi-allelic transcription, we have observed that, for genes with monoallelic and low-to-average expression, the altered gene dosage is mainly due to the higher fraction of cells simultaneously expressing these genes in the trisomic samples. These results were confirmed in a further experiment of 8740 single fibroblasts from the monozygotic twins discordant for T21 samples. We conclude that gene dosage imbalance is of bidimensional nature: over time (simultaneous expression of all alleles resulting in increased accumulation of RNA of copy altered genes in each single cell) as previously stated, and over space (increased fraction of cells simultaneously expressing copy altered genes). These results strongly suggest that each class of genes contributes to the phenotypic variability of trisomies according to its temporal and spatial behavior and propose an improved model to understand the effects of copy number alterations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stamoulis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garieri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makrythanasis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letourneau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guipponi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panousis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloan-Bena, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falconnet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribaux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoni, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/424887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time and space dimensions of gene dosage imbalance of aneuploidies revealed by single cell transcriptomes.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/441980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mRNA export adaptor Yra1 contributes to DNA double-strand break repair through its C-box domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/441980v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Yra1 is an mRNA export adaptor involved in mRNA biogenesis and export in S. cerevisiae. Yra1 overexpression was recently shown to promote accumulation of DNA:RNA hybrids favoring DNA double strand breaks (DSB), cell senescence and telomere shortening, via an unknown mechanism. Yra1 was also identified at an HO-induced DSB and Yra1 depletion causes defects in DSB repair. Previous work from our laboratory showed that Yra1 ubiquitination by Tom1 is important for mRNA export. Interestingly, we found that Yra1 is also ubiquitinated by the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases Slx5-Slx8 implicated in the interaction of irreparable DSB with nuclear pores. Here we show that Yra1 binds an HO-induced irreparable DSB. Importantly, a Yra1 mutant lacking the evolutionarily conserved C-box is not recruited to an HO-induced irreparable DSB and becomes lethal under DSB induction in a HO-cut reparable system. Together, the data provide evidence that Yra1 plays a crucial role in DSB repair via homologous recombination. Unexpectedly, while the Yra1 C-box is essential, Yra1 sumoylation and/or ubiquitination are dispensable in this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stutz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Infantino, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tutucci, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh Martin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zihlmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Molinero, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palancade, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/441980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mRNA export adaptor Yra1 contributes to DNA double-strand break repair through its C-box domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/447367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unraveling the polygenic architecture of complex traits using blood eQTL meta-analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/447367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryWhile many disease-associated variants have been identified through genome-wide association studies, their downstream molecular consequences remain unclear.nnTo identify these effects, we performed cis- and trans-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis in blood from 31,684 individuals through the eQTLGen Consortium.nnWe observed that cis-eQTLs can be detected for 88% of the studied genes, but that they have a different genetic architecture compared to disease-associated variants, limiting our ability to use cis-eQTLs to pinpoint causal genes within susceptibility loci.nnIn contrast, trans-eQTLs (detected for 37% of 10,317 studied trait-associated variants) were more informative. Multiple unlinked variants, associated to the same complex trait, often converged on trans-genes that are known to play central roles in disease etiology.nnWe observed the same when ascertaining the effect of polygenic scores calculated for 1,263 genome-wide association study (GWAS) traits. Expression levels of 13% of the studied genes correlated with polygenic scores, and many resulting genes are known to drive these traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vosa, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claringbould, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westra, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonder, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deelen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsten, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreuzhuber, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasela, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pervjakova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvaes, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fave, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agbessi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christiansen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seppälä, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teumer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schramm, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verlouw, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaghootkar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sönmez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukushkina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalnapenkis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rüeger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porcu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kronberg-Guzman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kettunen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arindrarto, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BIOS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brugge, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>i2QTL Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dmitrieva, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elansary, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairfax, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georges, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/447367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unraveling the polygenic architecture of complex traits using blood eQTL meta-analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/447441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A stable, long-term cortical signature underlying consistent behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/447441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals readily execute learned motor behaviors in a consistent manner over long periods of time, yet similarly stable neural correlates remained elusive up to now. How does the cortex achieve this stable control? Using the sensorimotor system as a model of cortical processing, we investigated the hypothesis that the dynamics of neural latent activity, which capture the dominant co-variation patterns within the neural population, are preserved across time. We recorded from populations of neurons in premotor, primary motor, and somatosensory cortices for up to two years as monkeys performed a reaching task. Intriguingly, despite steady turnover in the recorded neurons, the low-dimensional latent dynamics remained stable. Such stability allowed reliable decoding of behavioral features for the entire timespan, while fixed decoders based on the recorded neural activity degraded substantially. We posit that latent cortical dynamics within the manifold are the fundamental and stable building blocks underlying consistent behavioral execution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallego, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perich, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solla, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/447441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A stable, long-term cortical signature underlying consistent behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/463109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chemogenetic approach for optical monitoring of voltage in neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/463109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optical monitoring of neuronal voltage using fluorescent indicators is a powerful approach for interrogation of the cellular and molecular logic of the nervous system. Here we describe a Semisynthetic Tethered Voltage Indicator (STeVI1) based upon Nile Red that displays voltage sensitivity when genetically targeted to neuronal membranes. This environmentally sensitive probe allows for wash-free imaging and faithfully detects supra- and subthreshold activity in neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sundukova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prifti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirillova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umebayashi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovius, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heppenstall, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/463109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chemogenetic approach for optical monitoring of voltage in neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Concurrent EEG- and fMRI-derived functional connectomes exhibit linked dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Connectivity across distributed brain regions commonly measured with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) exhibits infraslow (<0.1Hz) spatial reconfigurations of potentially critical importance to cognition. Cognitively relevant neural communication, however, employs synchrony at fast speeds. It is unclear how fast oscillation-coupling across the whole-brain connectome relates to connectivity changes in fMRI, an indirect measure of neural activity. In two datasets, electroencephalography (EEG) revealed that synchronization in all canonical oscillation-bands reconfigures at infraslow speeds, coinciding with connectivity changes in concurrently recorded fMRI in corresponding region-pairs. The cross-modal tie of connectivity dynamics was widely distributed across the connectome irrespective of EEG frequency-band. However, the cross-modal tie was strongest in visual to somatomotor connections for slower EEG-bands, and in connections involving the Default Mode Network for faster EEG-bands. The findings provide evidence that functionally relevant neural synchrony in all oscillation-bands slowly reconfigures across the whole-brain connectome, and that fMRI can reliably measure such dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wirsich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadaghiani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/464438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Concurrent EEG- and fMRI-derived functional connectomes exhibit linked dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/467076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two bifunctional inositol pyrophosphate kinases/phosphatases control plant phosphate homeostasis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/467076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many eukaryotic proteins regulating phosphate (Pi) homeostasis contain SPX domains. We have previously shown that these domains act as cellular receptors for inositol pyrophosphate (PP-InsP) signaling molecules, suggesting that PP-InsPs may regulate Pi homeostasis. Here we report that simultaneous deletion of two diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases VIH1 and 2 in Arabidopsis impairs plant growth and leads to constitutive Pi starvation responses. We demonstrate that VIH1 and VIH2 are bifunctional cytosolic enzymes able to generate and break-down PP-InsPs. Point-mutants targeting the kinase and phosphatase active sites have opposing effects on plant Pi content and Pi starvation responses, while VIH1 and VIH2 protein levels remain constant in different Pi growth conditions. Enzymatic assays reveal that ATP-Mg2+ substrate levels can shift the relative kinase and phosphatase activities of full-length diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases. Deletion of phosphate starvation response transcription factors rescues vih1 vih2 mutant phenotypes, placing diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases and PP-InsPs in plant phosphate signal transduction cascades. We propose that VIH1 and VIH2 relay changes in cellular ATP concentration to changes in PPInsP levels, allowing plants to maintain cellular Pi concentrations constant and to trigger Pi starvation responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmel, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puschmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessen, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiedler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/467076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two bifunctional inositol pyrophosphate kinases/phosphatases control plant phosphate homeostasis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/468868v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Culling less fit neurons protects against amyloid-β induced brain damage and cognitive and motor decline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/468868v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, impairing cognitive and motor functions. One of the pathological hallmarks of AD is neuronal loss, which is not reflected in mouse models of AD. Therefore, the role of neuronal death is still uncertain. Here, we used a Drosophila AD model expressing a secreted form of human amyloid-{beta}42 peptide and show that it recapitulates key aspects of AD pathology, including neuronal death and impaired long-term memory. We found that neuronal apoptosis is mediated by cell fitness-driven neuronal culling, which selectively eliminates impaired neurons from brain circuits. We show that removal of less fit neurons delays amyloid-{beta}42-induced brain damage and protects against cognitive and motor decline, suggesting that - contrary to common knowledge - neuronal death may have a beneficial effect in AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coelho, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merino, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topfel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tieche, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhiner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/468868</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Culling less fit neurons protects against amyloid-β induced brain damage and cognitive and motor decline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/477588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combining predictive coding with neural oscillations optimizes on-line speech processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/477588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Speech comprehension requires segmenting continuous speech to connect it on-line with discrete linguistic neural representations. This process relies on theta-gamma oscillation coupling, which tracks syllables and encodes them in decipherable neural activity. Speech comprehension also strongly depends on contextual cues predicting speech structure and content. To explore the effects of theta-gamma coupling on bottom-up/top-down dynamics during on-line speech perception, we designed a generative model that can recognize syllable sequences in continuous speech. The model uses theta oscillations to detect syllable onsets and align both gamma-rate encoding activity with syllable boundaries and predictions with speech input. We observed that the model performed best when theta oscillations were used to align gamma units with input syllables, i.e. when bidirectional information flows were coordinated, and internal timing knowledge was exploited. This work demonstrates that notions of predictive coding and neural oscillations can usefully be brought together to account for dynamic on-line sensory processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hovsepyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olasagasti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/477588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combining predictive coding with neural oscillations optimizes on-line speech processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/478891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Apical progenitors remain multipotent throughout corticalneurogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/478891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The diverse subtypes of excitatory neurons that populate the neocortex are born from progenitors located in the ventricular zone (apical progenitors, APs). During corticogenesis, APs progress through successive temporal states to sequentially generate deep- followed by superficial-layer neurons directly or via the generation of intermediate progenitors (IPs). Yet little is known about the plasticity of AP temporal identity and whether individual progenitor subtypes remain multipotent throughout corticogenesis. To address this question, we used FlashTag (FT), a method to pulse-label and isolate APs in the mouse neocortex with high temporal resolution to fate-map neuronal progeny following heterochronic transplantation of APs into younger embryos. We find that unlike daughter IPs, which lose the ability to generate deep layer neurons when transplanted into a younger host, APs are temporally uncommitted and become molecularly respecified to generate normally earlier-born neuron types. These results indicate that APs are multipotent cells that are able to revert their temporal identity and re-enter past molecular and neurogenic states. AP fate progression thus occurs without detectable fate restriction during the neurogenic period of corticogenesis. These findings identify unforeseen cell-type specific differences in cortical progenitor fate plasticity, which could be exploited for neuroregenerative purposes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oberst, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fievre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concetti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/478891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Apical progenitors remain multipotent throughout corticalneurogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/479089v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrating prediction errors at two time scales permits rapid recalibration of speech sound categories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/479089v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Speech perception is assumed to arise from internal models of specific sensory features associated speech sounds. When these features change, the listener should recalibrate its internal model by appropriately weighing new versus old evidence in a volatility dependent manner. Models of speech recalibration have classically ignored volatility. Those that explicitly consider volatility have been designed to describe human behavior in tasks where sensory cues are associated with arbitrary experimenter-defined categories or rewards. In such settings, a model that maintains a single representation of the category but continuously adapts the learning rate works well. Using neurocomputational modelling we show that recalibration of existing "natural" categories is better described when sound categories are represented at different time scales. We illustrate our proposal by modeling the rapid recalibration of speech categories (Luttke et al. 2016).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olasagasti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/479089</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrating prediction errors at two time scales permits rapid recalibration of speech sound categories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/479410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread changes in firing rate and functional connectivity across the fronto-parietal network during rule guided working memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/479410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flexible rule-based behavior is an integral component of our daily lives. Rule dependent changes in the activity and functional connectivity of neurons in the frontoparietal network may underlie this flexibility. To test this idea, we simultaneously recorded neural activity from multiple areas in prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices of macaque monkeys while they performed a delayed match-to-sample task involving a non-instructed switch between location and identity matching rules. Our analysis revealed rule-dependent differences in firing rates during all phases of the task and marked task-dependent increases in spike count correlations with only weak differences between rules. These effects were widespread with a high incidence occurring within and between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the lateral intraparietal area and area PG. We conclude that rule based visual working memory is associated with widespread modifications in excitability and functional connectivity across the frontoparietal network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salazar, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/479410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread changes in firing rate and functional connectivity across the fronto-parietal network during rule guided working memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/480178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural Correlates of Optimal Multisensory Decision Making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/480178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceptual decisions are often based on multiple sensory inputs whose reliabilities rapidly vary over time, yet little is known about how our brain integrates these inputs to optimize behavior. Here we show multisensory evidence with time-varying reliability can be accumulated near optimally, in a Bayesian sense, by simply taking time-invariant linear combinations of neural activity across time and modalities, as long as the neural code for the sensory inputs is close to an invariant linear probabilistic population code (ilPPC). Recordings in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) while macaques optimally performed a vestibular-visual multisensory decision-making task revealed that LIP population activity reflects an integration process consistent with the ilPPC theory. Moreover, LIP accumulates momentary evidence proportional to vestibular acceleration and visual velocity which are encoded in sensory areas with a close approximation to ilPPCs. Together, these results provide a remarkably simple and biologically plausible solution to optimal multisensory decision making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GU, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/480178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural Correlates of Optimal Multisensory Decision Making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/481572v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coherence-based spectro-spatial fillters for stimulus features prediction from electrocorticographic recordings. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/481572v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The traditional approach in neuroscience relies on encoding models where brain responses to different stimuli are related to the latter to establish reproducible dependencies. To reduce neuronal and experimental noise, brain signals are usually averaged across trials to detect reliable and coherent brain activity. However, neural representations of stimulus features can be spread over time, frequency, and space, motivating the use of alternative methods that relate stimulus features to brain responses. We propose a Coherence-based spectro-spatial filter method that reconstructs stimulus features from intracortical brain signals. The proposed method models trials of an experiment as realizations of a random process and extracts patterns that are common across brain signals and the presented stimuli. These patterns, originating from different recording sites, are then combined (spatial filtering) to form a final prediction. Our results from three different cognitive tasks (motor movements, speech perception and speech production), concur to show that the proposed method significantly improves the ability to predict stimulus features over traditional methods such as multilinear regression with distributed lags and artificial neural networks. Furthermore, analyses of the model parameters show anatomical discriminability for execution of different motor movements. This anatomical discriminability is also observed in the perception and production of different words. These features could be exploited in the design of neuroprosthesis, as well as for exploring normal brain functioning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delgado Saa, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasley, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/481572</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coherence-based spectro-spatial fillters for stimulus features prediction from electrocorticographic recordings.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/483842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human online adaptation to changes in prior probability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/483842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optimal sensory decision-making requires the combination of uncertain sensory signals with prior expectations. The effect of prior probability is often described as a shift in the decision criterion. Can observers track sudden changes in probability? To answer this question, we used a change-point detection paradigm that is frequently used to examine behavior in changing environments. In a pair of orientation-categorization tasks, we investigated the effects of changing probabilities on decision-making. In both tasks, category probability was updated using a sample-and-hold procedure. We developed an ideal Bayesian change-point detection model in which the observer marginalizes over both the current run length (i.e., time since last change) and the current category probability. We compared this model to various alternative models that correspond to different strategies - from approximately Bayesian to simple heuristics - that the observers may have adopted to update their beliefs about probabilities. We find that probability is estimated following an exponential averaging model with a bias towards equal priors, consistent with a conservative bias. The mechanism underlying change of decision criterion is a combination of on-line estimation of prior probability and a stable, long-term equal-probability prior, thus operating at two very different timescales.nnAuthor summaryWe demonstrate how people learn and adapt to changes to the probability of occurrence of one of two categories on decision-making under uncertainty. The study combined psychophysical behavioral tasks with computational modeling. We used two behavioral tasks: a typical forced-choice categorization task as well as one in which the observer specified the decision criterion to use on each trial before the stimulus was displayed. We formulated an ideal Bayesian change-point detection model and compared it to several alternative models. We found that the data are best fit by a model that estimates category probability based on recently observed exemplars with a bias towards equal probability. Our results suggest that the brain takes multiple relevant time scales into account when setting category expectations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Norton, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acerbi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landy, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/483842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human online adaptation to changes in prior probability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/488114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of stem-cell niche establishment in Arabidopsis flowers by REVOLUTA and the LEAFY-RAX1 module 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/488114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants retain the ability to produce organs throughout their life by maintaining active stem cell niches called meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is responsible for the growth of aerial plant structures. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the SAM initially produces leaves during the vegetative phase and later flowers during reproductive development. In the early stages of floral initiation, a group of cells first emerges from the SAM to form a stereotypically organized meristematic structure on its flank. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of this specific meristematic organization remain elusive. We show here that the transcription factors LEAFY (LFY) and REVOLUTA (REV) control two partially redundant pathways controlling meristematic organization in early flower primordia. We found that LFY acts through the transcription factor REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM1 (RAX1) and we provide mechanistic insights in how RAX1 allows meristem identity establishment in young flowers. Our work provides a molecular link between the processes of meristem formation and floral identity acquisition in the nascent flower.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Denay, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tichtinsky, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Masson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chahtane, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huguet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Vidriero, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco-Zorrilla, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohmann, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parcy, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/488114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of stem-cell niche establishment in Arabidopsis flowers by REVOLUTA and the LEAFY-RAX1 module]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/490011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Type-I myosins promote actin polymerization to drive membrane bending in endocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/490011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis in budding yeast requires the formation of a dynamic actin network that produces the force to invaginate the plasma membrane against the intracellular turgor pressure. The type-I myosins Myo3 and Myo5 are important for endocytic membrane reshaping, but mechanistic details of their function remain scarce. Here, we studied the function of Myo3 and Myo5 during endocytosis using quantitative live-cell imaging and genetic perturbations. We show that the type-I myosins promote, in a dose-dependent way, the growth and expansion of the actin network, which controls the speed of membrane and coat internalization. We found that this myosin-activity is independent of the actin nucleation promoting activity of myosins, and cannot be compensated for by increasing actin nucleation. Our results suggest a new mechanism for type-I myosins to produce force by promoting actin filament polymerization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manenschijn, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mund, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/490011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Type-I myosins promote actin polymerization to drive membrane bending in endocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/493502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic insights into the evolution of DUF26-containing proteins in land plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/493502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large protein families are a prominent feature of plant genomes and their size variation is a key element for adaptation in plants. Here we infer the evolutionary history of a representative protein family, the DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION (DUF) 26-containing proteins. The DUF26 first appeared in secreted proteins. Domain duplications and rearrangements led to the emergence of CYSTEINE-RICH RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN KINASES (CRKs) and PLASMODESMATA-LOCALIZED PROTEINS (PDLPs). While the DUF26 itself is specific to land plants, structural analyses of Arabidopsis PDLP5 and PDLP8 ectodomains revealed strong similarity to fungal lectins. Therefore, we propose that DUF26-containing proteins constitute a novel group of plant carbohydrate-binding proteins. Following their appearance, CRKs expanded both through tandem duplications and preferential retention of duplicates in whole genome duplication events, whereas PDLPs evolved according to the dosage balance hypothesis. Based on our findings, we suggest that the main mechanism of expansion in new gene families is small-scale duplication, whereas genome fractionation and genetic drift after whole genome multiplications drive families towards dosage balance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vaattovaara, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajaraman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safronov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veidenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luklova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kangasjärvi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Löytynoja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salojärvi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrzaczek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/493502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic insights into the evolution of DUF26-containing proteins in land plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/497032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of novel anti-bacterial compounds from a chemically highly diverse pathways-based library using phenotypic screens in amoebae host models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/497032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Legionella pneumophila and tubercular Mycobacteria are the causative agents of potentially fatal diseases due to their pathogenesis but also to the emergence of antibiotic resistance that limits treatment strategies. The aim of our study is to explore the antimicrobial activity of a small ligand-based chemical library of 1,255 structurally diverse compounds. These compounds were screened in a combination of three assays, two monitoring the intracellular growth of the pathogenic bacteria, Mycobacterium marinum and L. pneumophila, and an additional anti-virulence "plaque" assay for M. marinum. We set up these assays using two amoeba strains, the genetically tractable Dictyostelium discoideum and the free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. In summary, sixty-four compounds showed anti-infective/anti-virulence activity in at least one of the 3 assays. The intracellular assays hit rate varied between 1.7% (n=22) for M. marinum and 2.8% (n=35) for L pneumophila with 7 compounds in common between both pathogens. In parallel, 1.2 % (n= 15) of the tested compounds were able to restore D. discoideum growth in presence of M. marinum spiked in a lawn of Klebsiella pneumoniae. We also validated the generality of the hit compounds identified using the A. castellanii-M. marinum anti-infective screen in the powerful D. discoideum-M. marinum host-pathogen model. The characterization of anti-infective and antibacterial hits in the latter infection model revealed compounds able to reduce intracellular growth more than 50% at 30 M. Our studies underline the relevance of using a combination of low-cost and low-complexity assays with full 3R compliance associated with a rationalized focused library of compounds to help identifying new chemical scaffolds and dissect some of their properties prior to run further compounds development steps.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kicka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiriano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouertatani Sakouhi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trofimov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranjc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilbi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scapozza, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/497032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of novel anti-bacterial compounds from a chemically highly diverse pathways-based library using phenotypic screens in amoebae host models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/497081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional logic of cell fate specification and axon guidance in early born retinal neurons revealed by single-cell mRNA profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/497081v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retinal ganglion cells (RGC), together with cone photoreceptors, horizontal cells (HC) and amacrine cells (AC), are the first classes of neurons produced in the retina. Here we have profiled 5348 single retinal cells and provided a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas showing the broad diversity of the developing retina at the time when the four early-born cells are being produced. Our results show the transcriptional sequences that establish the hierarchical ordering of early cell fate specification in the retina. RGC maturation follows six waves of gene expression, giving new insight into the regulatory logic of RGC differentiation. Early-generated RGCs transcribe an increasing amount of guidance cues for young peripheral RGC axons that express the matching receptors. Finally, spatial signatures in sub-populations of RGCs allowed to define novel molecular markers that are spatially restricted during the development of the retina. Altogether this study is a valuable resource that identifies new players in mouse retinal development, shedding light on transcription factors sequence and guidance cues dynamics in space and time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lo Giudice, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leleu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabre, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/497081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional logic of cell fate specification and axon guidance in early born retinal neurons revealed by single-cell mRNA profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/501858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of learning on perceptual decisions and its implication for speed-accuracy tradeoffs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/501858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In standard models of perceptual decision-making, noisy sensory evidence is considered to be the primary source of choice errors and the accumulation of evidence needed to overcome this noise gives rise to speed-accuracy tradeoffs. Here, we investigated how the history of recent choices and their outcomes interacts with these processes using a combination of theory and experiment. We found that the speed and accuracy of performance of rats on olfactory decision tasks could be best explained by a Bayesian model that combines reinforcement-based learning with accumulation of uncertain sensory evidence. This model predicted the specific pattern of trial history effects that were found in the data. The results suggest that learning is a critical factor contributing to speed-accuracy tradeoffs in decision-making and that task history effects are not simply biases but rather the signatures of an optimal learning strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mendonca, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drugowitsch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicente, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeWitt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mainen, Z. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/501858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of learning on perceptual decisions and its implication for speed-accuracy tradeoffs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/507731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LEMMI: A Live Evaluation of Computational Methods for Metagenome Investigation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/507731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies of microbiomes are booming, as well as the diversity of computational tools to make sense out of the sequencing data and the volumes of accumulated microbial genotypes. LEMMI (https://lemmi.ezlab.org) is a novel concept of a benchmarking platform of computational tools for metagenome composition assessments that introduces: a continuous integration of tools, their multi-objective ranking, and an effective distribution through software containers. Here, we detail the workflow and discuss the evaluation of some recently released methods. We see this platform eventually as a community-driven effort: where method developers can showcase novel approaches and get unbiased benchmarks for publications, while users can make informed choices and obtain standardized and easy-to-use tools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seppey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/507731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LEMMI: A Live Evaluation of Computational Methods for Metagenome Investigation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/512038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A contractile acto-myosin belt promotes growth anisotropy during the early stages of pectoral fin development in zebrafish. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/512038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The zebrafish pectoral fin is an in vivo model for vertebrate limb formation, well suited to investigate the integration of molecular and cellular dynamics, the results of which translate into shaping the limb bud. We used the ratio between the lengths of the anterior-posterior (AP) and dorso-ventral (DV) axes as the descriptor of how fin shape changes over time. We showed that fin shape transitions from close to hemi-spherical (ratio 1. 36 {+/-} 0.11) to semi-ellipsoid (ratio 1.64 {+/-} 0.04) between 33 and 46 hours post fertilization (hpf). This shape transition coincided with the formation of a contractile "actin belt" at the distal rim of the fin bud along its AP axis. The actin belt emerged from a central position and expanded on both sides along the distal rim of the fin, thus marking the DV boundary between two rows of ectodermal cells. Formation of the actin belt depended on Rac protein activity, as suggested by FRET measurements using a Rac biosensor. 3D+time imaging of the developing fin in Rac-deficient embryos showed that anisotropic growth of the fin depends on the actin belt. Indeed, actin belt formation was dramatically reduced or even absent in the embryos without proper Rac activity. This correlated with isotropic growth of the fin bud from normal shape at 33 hpf to quasi hemispherical shape with AP/DV ratio ~1 13 hours later, without affecting cell number and overall bud volume. We propose that the formation of a contractile acto-myosin belt is essential to drive the pectoral fins early anisotropic growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kardash, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrndt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heisenberg, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyrieras, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Gaitan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/512038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A contractile acto-myosin belt promotes growth anisotropy during the early stages of pectoral fin development in zebrafish.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/512665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A ribosome assembly stress response regulates transcription to maintain proteome homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/512665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosome biogenesis is a complex and energy-demanding process requiring tight coordination of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal protein (RP) production. Alteration of any step in this process may impact growth by leading to proteotoxic stress. Although the transcription factor Hsf1 has emerged as a central regulator of proteostasis, how its activity is coordinated with ribosome biogenesis is unknown. Here we show that arrest of ribosome biogenesis in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae triggers rapid activation of a highly specific stress pathway that coordinately up-regulates Hsf1 target genes and down-regulates RP genes. Activation of Hsf1 target genes requires neo-synthesis of RPs, which accumulate in an insoluble fraction, leading to sequestration of the RP transcriptional activator Ifh1. Our data suggest that levels of newly-synthetized RPs, imported into the nucleus but not yet assembled into ribosomes, work to continuously balance Hsf1 and Ifh1 activity, thus guarding against proteotoxic stress during ribosome assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Albert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kos-Braun, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henras, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rueda, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadal, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/512665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A ribosome assembly stress response regulates transcription to maintain proteome homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/513119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Buckling of epithelium growing under spherical confinement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/513119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many organs, such as the gut or the spine are formed through folding of an epithelium. This change in shape is usually attributed to tissue heterogeneities, for example, local apical contraction. In contrast, compressive stresses have been proposed to fold a homogeneous epithelium by buckling. While buckling is an appealing mechanism, demonstrating that it underlies folding requires to measure the stress field and the material properties of the tissue, which is currently inaccessible in vivo. Here we show that monolayers of identical cells proliferating on the inner surface of elastic spherical shells can spontaneously fold. By measuring the elastic deformation of the shell, we infer the forces acting within the monolayer and its elastic modulus. Using analytical and numerical theories linking forces to shape, we find that buckling quantitatively accounts for the shape changes of our monolayers. Our study shows that forces arising from epithelium growth in three-dimensional confinement are sufficient to drive folding by buckling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trushko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Meglio, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merzouki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanch-Mercader, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abuhattum, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alessandri, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nassoy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/513119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Buckling of epithelium growing under spherical confinement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/516021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The population dynamics of a canonical cognitive circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/516021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain constructs distributed representations of key low-dimensional variables. These variables may be external stimuli or internal constructs of quantities relevant for survival, such as a sense of ones location in the world. We consider that the high-dimensional population-level activity vectors are the fundamental representational currency of a neural circuit, and these vectors trace out a low-dimensional manifold whose dimension and topology matches those of the represented variable. This manifold perspective -- applied to the mammalian head direction circuit across rich waking behaviors and sleep -- enables powerful inferences about circuit representation and mechanism, including: Direct visualization and blind discovery that the network represents a one-dimensional circular variable across waking and REM sleep; fully unsupervised decoding of the coded variable; stability and attractor dynamics in the representation; the discovery of new dynamical trajectories during sleep; the limiting role of external rather than internal noise in the fidelity of memory states; and the conclusion that the circuit is set up to integrate velocity inputs according to classical continuous attractor models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaudhuri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gercek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyrache, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiete, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/516021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The population dynamics of a canonical cognitive circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/518654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of the mating type locus with suppressed recombination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/518654v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The two partners required for sexual reproduction are rarely the same. This pattern extends to species which lack sexual dimorphism yet possess self-incompatible gametes determined at mating-type regions of suppressed recombination, likely precursors of sex chromosomes. Here we investigate the role of cellular signaling in the evolution of mating-types. We develop a model of ligand-receptor dynamics within cells, and identify factors that determine the capacity of cells to send and receive signals. The model specifies conditions favoring the evolution of gametes producing ligand and receptor asymmetrically and shows how these are affected by recombination. When the recombination rate can evolve, the conditions favoring asymmetric signaling also favor tight linkage of ligand and receptor loci in distinct linkage groups. These results suggest that selection for asymmetric signaling between gametes was the first step in the evolution of non-recombinant mating-type loci, paving the road for the evolution of anisogamy and sexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hadjivasiliou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomiankowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/518654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of the mating type locus with suppressed recombination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/520551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TORC2 Affects Endocytosis through Plasma Membrane Tension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/520551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Target Of Rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) is a conserved protein kinase that regulates multiple plasma membrane (PM)-related processes including endocytosis. Direct, chemical inhibition of TORC2 arrests endocytosis but with kinetics that are relatively slow and therefore inconsistent with signaling being mediated solely through simple phosphorylation cascades. Here, we show that, in addition to regulation of the phosphorylation of endocytic proteins, TORC2 also controls endocytosis by modulating PM tension. Elevated PM tension, upon TORC2 inhibition, impinges on endocytosis at two different levels: first, by severing the bonds between the PM adaptor proteins Sla2 and Ent1 and the actin cytoskeleton; and, second, by hindering recruitment of Rvs167, an N-BAR-containing protein important for vesicle fission, to endocytosis sites. These results underline the importance of biophysical cues in the regulation of cellular and molecular processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riggi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macchione, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/520551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TORC2 Affects Endocytosis through Plasma Membrane Tension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/525766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local inhibition of PRC2 activity by H3.3K27M drives DNA replication defects through misregulation of the JNK pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/525766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Substitution of lysine 27 with methionine in histone H3.3 is a recently discovered driver mutation of pediatric high-grade gliomas. Mutant tumor cells show decreased levels and altered distribution of H3K27me3. How these chromatin changes are established genome-wide and lead to tumorigenesis only in specific tissues remains unclear. Here we show that H3.3K27M-mediated alterations in H3K27me3 distribution result in ectopic DNA replication and cell cycle progression of germ cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. By genetically inducing changes in the H3.3 distribution, we demonstrate that both H3.3K27M oncohistone incorporation and pre-existing H3K27me3 act locally and antagonistically on Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) in a concentration-dependent manner, explaining the observed H3K27me3 distribution in mutant cells. The altered heterochromatin patterns lead to extensive misregulation of gene expression. Through unbiased genetic screening, we found that inhibiting JNK pathway components, which are overexpressed in H3.3K27M cells, suppresses the ectopic DNA replication and cell cycle progression without rescuing the altered H3K27me3 distribution. Moreover, we show that JNK inhibition suppresses the replicative fate in human tumor-derived H3.3K27M cells, thus establishing C. elegans as a powerful model for the identification of potential drug targets for treatment of H3.3K27M tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delaney, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strobino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenda, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pankowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/525766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local inhibition of PRC2 activity by H3.3K27M drives DNA replication defects through misregulation of the JNK pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/526558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human discrimination and categorization of emotions in voices: a functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/526558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variations of the vocal tone of the voice during speech production, known as prosody, provide information about the emotional state of the speaker. In recent years, functional imaging has suggested a role of both right and left inferior frontal cortices in attentive decoding and cognitive evaluation of emotional cues in human vocalizations. Here, we investigated the suitability of functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study frontal lateralization of human emotion vocalization processing during explicit and implicit categorization and discrimination. Participants listened to speech-like but semantically meaningless words spoken in a neutral, angry or fearful tone and had to categorize or discriminate them based on their emotional or linguistic content. Behaviorally, participants were faster to discriminate than to categorize and they processed the linguistic content of stimuli faster than their emotional content, while an interaction between condition (emotion/word) and task (discrimination/categorization) influenced accuracy. At the brain level, we found a four-way interaction in the fNIRS signal between condition, task, emotion and channel, highlighting the involvement of the right hemisphere to process fear stimuli, and of both hemispheres to treat anger stimuli. Our results show that fNIRS is suitable to study vocal emotion evaluation in humans, fostering its application to study emotional appraisal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debracque, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igloi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marin Bosch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fruehholz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/526558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human discrimination and categorization of emotions in voices: a functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/528877v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preformed Chromatin Topology Assists TranscriptionalRobustness of Shh during Limb Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/528877v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-range gene regulation involves physical proximity between enhancers and promoters to generate precise patterns of gene expression in space and time. However, in some cases proximity coincides with gene activation, whereas in others preformed topologies already exist before activation. In this study, we investigate the preformed configuration underlying the regulation of the Shh gene by its unique limb enhancer, the ZRS, in vivo during mouse development. Abrogating the constitutive transcription covering the ZRS region led to a shift within the Shh-ZRS contacts and a moderate reduction in Shh transcription. Deletion of the CTCF binding sites around the ZRS resulted in a loss of the Shh-ZRS preformed interaction and a 50% decrease in Shh expression but no phenotype, suggesting an additional, CTCF-independent mechanism of promoter-enhancer communication. This residual activity, however, was diminished by combining the loss of CTCF binding with a hypomorphic ZRS allele resulting in severe Shh loss-of-function and digit agenesis. Our results indicate that the preformed chromatin structure of the Shh locus is sustained by multiple components and acts to reinforce enhancer-promoter communication for robust transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paliou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guckelberger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schöpflin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinrich, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiariello, A. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annunziatella, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmuth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerkovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brieske, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timmermann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vingron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mundlos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/528877</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preformed Chromatin Topology Assists TranscriptionalRobustness of Shh during Limb Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/531947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extinctions in marine plankton preceded by stabilizing selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/531947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unless they adapt, populations facing persistent stress are threatened by extinction. Theoretically, populations facing stress can react by either disruption, increasing trait variation, or stabilisation, decreasing trait variation. In the short term, the more economical response is stabilisation, because it quickly transfers a large part of the population closer to a new ecological optimum. However, canalisation is deleterious in the face of persistently increasing stress because it reduces variability and thus decreases the ability to react to further change in stress. Understanding how natural populations react to intensifying stress reaching terminal levels is key to assessing their resilience to environmental change such as that caused by global warming. Because extinctions are hard to predict, observational data on the adaptive reaction of populations facing extinction are rare. In this study, we make use of the glacial salinity rise in the Red Sea as a natural experiment allowing us to analyse the reaction of planktonic Foraminifera to stress escalation in the geological past. We analyse morphological trait state and variance in two species across a salinity rise leading to their local extinction. One species reacted by stabilisation in shape and size, detectable several thousand years prior to extinction. The second species reacted by trait divergence, but each of the two divergent populations remains stable or reacted by further stabilisation. These observations indicate that the default reaction of the studied Foraminifera is stabilisation and that stress escalation did not lead to the local emergence of adapted forms. Inability to breach the global adaptive threshold would explain why communities of Foraminifera, and many other groups of marine plankton, reacted to Quaternary climate change by faithfully tracking their zonally shifting environments. It also means that populations of marine species adapted to response by migration, when exposed to stress outside of the adaptive range, will be at risk of extinction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weinkauf, M. F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonitz, F. G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/531947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extinctions in marine plankton preceded by stabilizing selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fear in dreams and in wakefulness: evidence for day/night affective homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite partial experimental evidence, it is a long-standing and common belief that dreams serve an emotion regulation function. Revisiting this idea, recent neuroscientific theories have proposed that emotions experienced in dreams contribute to the resolution of emotional distress (e.g. fear extinction) and preparation for future waking affective reactions. Here we addressed one emerging common prediction from these theoretical accounts, namely that experiencing fear in dreams is associated with more adapted responses to threatening signals during wakefulness. Using a stepwise approach across two studies, we first identified brain regions activated when experiencing fear in dreams and then showed that frightening dreams modulated the response of these same regions to threatening stimuli during wakefulness. As predicted, more fear in dreams was associated with reduced activation of those fear-responsive regions during wakefulness. Specifically, in Study 1, we performed serial awakenings in 18 participants recorded throughout the night with high-density EEG and asked them whether they experienced any fear in their dreams. Insula activity increased (i.e. decreased delta and increased gamma power) for dreams containing fear. In Study 2, we tested 89 participants and found that those with higher incidence of fear in their dreams showed reduced fMRI response to fear-eliciting stimuli in the insula, amygdala and midcingulate cortex, while awake. Consistent with better emotion regulation processes, the same participants also displayed increased medial prefrontal cortex activity. These findings support that emotions in dreams and wakefulness engage similar neural substrates, and substantiate a link between emotional processes occurring during sleep and emotional brain functions during wakefulness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sterpenich, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perogamvros, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tononi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/534099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fear in dreams and in wakefulness: evidence for day/night affective homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/541284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mechanistic basis for chromatin invasion and remodeling by the yeast pioneer transcription factor Rap1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/541284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pioneer transcription factors (pTFs) bind to target sites within compact chromatin initiating chromatin remodeling and controlling the recruitment of downstream factors. The mechanisms by which pTFs overcome the chromatin barrier are not well understood. Here we reveal, using single-molecule fluorescence approaches, how the yeast transcription factor Rap1 invades and remodels chromatin. Using a reconstituted chromatin system replicating yeast promoter architecture we demonstrate that Rap1 can bind nucleosomal DNA within a chromatin fiber, but with shortened dwell times compared to naked DNA. Moreover, we show that Rap1 binding opens chromatin fiber structure by inhibiting nucleosome-nucleosome contacts. Finally, we reveal that Rap1 collaborates with the chromatin remodeler RSC to destabilize promoter nucleosomes, paving the way to form long-lived bound states on now exposed DNA. Together, our results provide a mechanistic view of how Rap1 gains access and opens chromatin, thereby establishing an active promoter architecture and controlling gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mivelaz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zencir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovius, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boichenko, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowicz, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurat, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fierz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/541284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mechanistic basis for chromatin invasion and remodeling by the yeast pioneer transcription factor Rap1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/543207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome analysis of Plasmodium berghei during exo-erythrocytic development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/543207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complex life cycle of malaria parasites requires well-orchestrated stage specific gene expression. In the vertebrate host the parasites grow and multiply by schizogony in two different environments: within erythrocytes and within hepatocytes. Whereas erythrocytic parasites are rather well-studied in this respect, relatively little is known about the exo-erythrocytic stages. In an attempt to fill this gap, we performed genome wide RNA-seq analyses of various exo-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium berghei including sporozoites, samples from a time-course of liver stage development and detached cells, which contain infectious merozoites and represent the final step in exo-erythrocytic development. The analysis represents the completion of the transcriptome of the entire life cycle of P. berghei parasites with temporal detailed analysis of the liver stage allowing segmentation of the transcriptome across the progression of the life cycle. We have used these RNA-seq data from different developmental stages to cluster genes with similar expression profiles, in order to infer their functions. A comparison with published data of other parasite stages confirmed stage-specific gene expression and revealed numerous genes that are expressed differentially in blood and exo-erythrocytic stages. One of the most exo-erythrocytic stage-specific genes was PBANKA_1003900, which has previously been annotated as a "gametocyte specific protein". The promoter of this gene drove high GFP expression in exo-erythrocytic stages, confirming its expression profile seen by RNA-seq. The comparative analysis of the genome wide mRNA expression profiles of erythrocytic and different exo-erythrocytic stages improves our understanding of gene regulation of Plasmodium parasites and can be used to model exo-erythrocytic stage metabolic networks and identify differences in metabolic processes during schizogony in erythrocytes and hepatocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caldelari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dogga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke-Fayard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janse, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heussler, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/543207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome analysis of Plasmodium berghei during exo-erythrocytic development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/544718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deficit in motor skill learning-dependent synaptic plasticity at motor cortex to Dorso Lateral Striatum synapses in a mouse model of Huntington's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/544718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease notably characterized by progressive motor symptoms. Although the loss of Medium Spiny Neurons (MSNs) in the striatum has been associated with motor deficits, premanifest patients already present cognitive deficiencies and show early signs of motor disabilities. Here in a YAC128 HD mouse model, we identified impairment in motor skill learning at the age of 11 to 14 weeks. Using optogenetic stimulation, we found that excitatory synaptic transmission from motor cortex to MSNs located in the Dorso Lateral part of the Striatum (DLS) is altered. Using single pellet reaching task, we observed that while motor skill learning is accompanied by a dynamic change in AMPA/NMDA ratio in wild type mice, this form of synaptic plasticity does not occur in YAC128 mice. This study not only proposes new meaningful insight the synaptopathic mechanisms of HD, but also highlights that deficit in motor skill learning dependent synaptic plasticity at motor cortex to DLS synapses represents an early biomarker for Huntington's disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glangetas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinosa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/544718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deficit in motor skill learning-dependent synaptic plasticity at motor cortex to Dorso Lateral Striatum synapses in a mouse model of Huntington's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/550483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ENDOSOMAL MEMBRANE TENSION CONTROLS ESCRT-III-DEPENDENT INTRA-LUMENAL VESICLE FORMATION 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/550483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma membrane tension strongly affects cell surface processes, such as migration, endocytosis and signalling. However, it is not known whether membrane tension of organelles regulates their functions, notably intracellular traffic. The ESCRT-III complex is the major membrane remodelling complex that drives Intra-Lumenal Vesicle (ILV) formation on endosomal membranes. Here, we made use of a new fluorescent membrane tension probe to show that ESCRT-III subunits are recruited onto endosomal membranes when membrane tension is reduced. We find that tension-dependent recruitment is associated with ESCRT-III polymerization and membrane deformation in vitro, and correlates with increased ILVs formation in ESCRT-III decorated endosomes in vivo. Finally, we find that endosomal membrane tension decreases when ILV formation is triggered by EGF under physiological conditions. These results indicate that membrane tension is a major regulator of ILV formation and of endosome trafficking, leading us to conclude that membrane tension can control organelle functions.

One Sentence SummaryMembrane tension decrease facilitates membrane remodeling by ESCRT-III polymerization during intra-lumenal vesicle formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larios, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goujon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinard, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/550483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ENDOSOMAL MEMBRANE TENSION CONTROLS ESCRT-III-DEPENDENT INTRA-LUMENAL VESICLE FORMATION]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/551796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale brain network dynamics provide a measure of psychosis and anxiety in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/551796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prodromal positive psychotic symptoms and anxiety are two strong risk factors for schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). The analysis of large-scale brain network dynamics during rest is promising to investigate aberrant brain function and identify potentially more reliable biomarkers. We retrieved and examined dynamics of large-scale functional brain networks using innovation-driven co-activation patterns (iCAPs) and probed into functional signatures of prodromal psychotic symptoms and anxiety. Patients with 22q11DS had shorter activation in cognitive brain networks and longer activation in emotion processing networks. Functional signatures of prodromal psychotic symptoms confirmed an implication of cingulo-prefrontal salience network activation duration and coupling. Functional signatures of anxiety un-covered an implication of amygdala activation and coupling, indicating differential roles of dorsal and ventral sub-divisions of anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortices. These results confirm that the dynamic nature of brain network activation contains essential function to develop clinically relevant imaging markers of psychosis vulnerability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zoeller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karahanoglu, F. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padula, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/551796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale brain network dynamics provide a measure of psychosis and anxiety in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/557058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Centrosomes control kinetochore-fiber plus-end dynamics via HURP to ensure symmetric divisions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/557058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During mitosis centrosomes can affect the length of kinetochore-fibers (k-fibers) and the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments, implying that they regulate k-fiber dynamics. The exact cellular and molecular mechanisms by which centrosomes regulate k-fibers remain, however, unknown. Here, we created human non-cancerous cells with only one centrosome to investigate these mechanisms. Such cells formed highly asymmetric bipolar spindles that resulted in asymmetric cell divisions. K-fibers in acentrosomal spindles were shorter, more stable, had a reduced poleward microtubule flux at minus-ends, and more frequent pausing events at their plus-ends. This indicates that centrosomes regulate k-fiber dynamics both locally at minus-ends and far away at plus-ends. At the molecular level we find that the microtubule-stabilizing protein HURP is enriched on the k-fiber plus-ends in the acentrosomal spindles of cells with only one centrosome. HURP depletion rebalance k-fiber stability and dynamics in such cells, and improved spindle and cell division symmetry. Our data further indicate that HURP accumulates on k-fibers inversely proportionally to half-spindle length. We propose that centrosomes regulate k-fiber plus-ends indirectly via length-dependent accumulation of HURP. Thus by ensuring equal k-fiber length, centrosomes promote HURP symmetry, reinforcing the symmetry of the mitotic spindle and of cell division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dudka, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liaudet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vassal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraldi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/557058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Centrosomes control kinetochore-fiber plus-end dynamics via HURP to ensure symmetric divisions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/559195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Basal protrusions mediate spatiotemporal patterns of spinal neuron differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/559195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During early spinal cord development, neurons of particular subtypes differentiate with a sparse periodic pattern while later neurons differentiate in the intervening space to eventually produce continuous columns of similar neurons. The mechanisms that regulate this spatiotemporal pattern are unknown. In vivo imaging of zebrafish reveals differentiating spinal neurons transiently extend two long protrusions along the basal surface of the spinal cord prior to axon initiation. These protrusions express Delta protein consistent with the possibility they influence Notch signalling at a distance of several cell diameters. Experimental reduction of laminin expression leads to smaller protrusions and shorter distances between differentiating neurons. The experimental data and a theoretical model support the proposal that the pattern of neuronal differentiation is regulated by transient basal protrusions that deliver temporally controlled lateral inhibition mediated at a distance. This work uncovers novel, stereotyped protrusive activity of new-born neurons that organizes long distance spatiotemporal patterning of differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hadjivasiliou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntosh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galea, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/559195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Basal protrusions mediate spatiotemporal patterns of spinal neuron differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/562637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Hsp70/Hsp90 Co-Chaperone Hop/Stip1 Shifts the Proteostatic Balance from Folding Towards Degradation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/562637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hop/Stip1/Sti1 is thought to be essential as a co-chaperone to facilitate substrate transfer between the Hsp70 and Hsp90 molecular chaperones. Despite this proposed key function for protein folding and maturation, it is not essential in a number of eukaryotes and bacteria lack an ortholog. We set out to identify and to characterize its eukaryote-specific function. Human cell lines and the budding yeast with deletions of the Hop/Sti1 gene display reduced proteasome activity due to inefficient capping of the core particle with regulatory particles. Unexpectedly, knock-out cells are more proficient at preventing protein aggregation and at promoting protein refolding. Without the restraint by Hop, a more efficient folding activity of the prokaryote-like Hsp70/Hsp90 complex, which can also be demonstrated in vitro, compensates for the proteasomal defect and ensures an alternate proteostatic equilibrium. Thus, cells may act on Hop to shift the proteostatic balance between folding and degradation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weidenauer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran Luengo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverria, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wider, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villemin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rüdiger, S. G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quadroni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/562637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Hsp70/Hsp90 Co-Chaperone Hop/Stip1 Shifts the Proteostatic Balance from Folding Towards Degradation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/567040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular characterization of CHAD domains as inorganic polyphosphate binding modules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/567040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs) are long polymers of orthophosphate units (Pi), linked by energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds. Conserved histidine -helical (CHAD) domains of unknown biochemical function are often located at the C-terminus of polyP-metabolizing triphosphate tunnel metalloenzymes (TTMs), or can be found as stand-alone proteins in bacterial operons harboring polyP kinases or phosphatases. Here we report that bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic CHAD domains are specific polyP binding modules. Crystal structures reveal that CHAD domains are formed by two four-helix bundles, giving rise to a central cavity surrounded by two conserved basic surface patches. Different CHAD domains bind polyPs with dissociation constants ranging from the nano-to mid-micromolar range, but not DNA or other Pi-containing ligands. A 2.1 [A] CHAD - polyP complex structure reveals the phosphate polymer binding across a central pore and along the two basic patches. Mutational analysis of CHAD - polyP interface residues validates the complex structure and reveals that CHAD domains evolved to bind long-chain polyPs. The presence of a CHAD domain in the polyPase ygiF enhances its enzymatic activity. In plants, CHAD domains bind polyP in vivo and localize to the nucleus and nucleolus, suggesting that plants harbor polyP stores in these compartments. We propose that CHAD domains may be used to engineer the properties of polyP-metabolizing enzymes and to specifically localize polyP stores in eukaryotic cells and tissues.nnSignificanceA domain of unknown function termed CHAD, present in all kingdoms of life, is characterized as a specific inorganic polyphosphate binding domain. The small size of the domain and its high specificity for inorganic polyphosphates suggest that it could be used as a tool to locate inorganic polyphosphate stores in pro- and eukaryotic cells and tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo-Orts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/567040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular characterization of CHAD domains as inorganic polyphosphate binding modules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/568618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant photoreceptors and their signaling components compete for binding to the ubiquitin ligase COP1 using their VP-peptide motifs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/568618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants sense different parts of the suns light spectrum using specialized photoreceptors, many of which signal through the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1. Photoreceptor binding modulates COP1s ubiquitin ligase activity towards transcription factors. Here we analyze why many COP1-interacting transcription factors and photoreceptors harbor sequence-divergent Val-Pro (VP) peptide motifs. We demonstrate that VP motifs enable different light signaling components to bind to the WD40 domain of COP1 with various binding affinities. Crystal structures of the VP motifs of the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 and the transcription factor HY5 in complex with COP1, quantitative binding assays and reverse genetic experiments together suggest that UVR8 and HY5 compete for the COP1 WD40 domain. Photoactivation of UVR8 leads to high-affinity cooperative binding of its VP domain and its photosensing core to COP1, interfering with the binding of COP1 to its substrate HY5. Functional UVR8 - VP motif chimeras suggest that UV-B signaling specificity resides in the UVR8 photoreceptor core, not its VP motif. Crystal structures of different COP1 - VP peptide complexes highlight sequence fingerprints required for COP1 targeting. The functionally distinct blue light receptors CRY1 and CRY2 also compete with downstream transcription factors for COP1 binding using similar VP-peptide motifs. Together, our work reveals that photoreceptors and their components compete for COP1 using a conserved displacement mechanism to control different light signaling cascades in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podolec, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chappuis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/568618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant photoreceptors and their signaling components compete for binding to the ubiquitin ligase COP1 using their VP-peptide motifs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/572875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Constrained Transcriptional Polarity In The Organization Of Mammalian Hox Gene Clusters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/572875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many animal species with a bilateral symmetry, Hox genes are clustered either at one or at several genomic loci. This organization has a functional relevance, as the transcriptional control applied to each gene depends upon its relative position within the gene cluster. It was previously noted that vertebrate Hox clusters display a much higher level of genomic organization than their invertebrate counterparts. The former are always more compact than the latter, they are generally devoid of repeats and of interspersed genes, and all genes are transcribed by the same DNA strand, suggesting that particular factors constrained these clusters towards a tighter structure during the evolution of the vertebrate lineage. Here we investigate the importance of uniform transcriptional orientation by engineering several alleles within the HoxD cluster such as to invert one or several transcription unit(s), with or without a neighboring CTCF site. We observe that the association between the tight structure of mammalian Hox clusters and their regulation makes inversions likely detrimental to the proper implementation of this complex genetic system. We propose that the consolidation of Hox clusters in vertebrates, including transcriptional polarity, evolved in conjunction with the emergence of global gene regulation via the flanking regulatory landscapes, to optimize a coordinated response of selected subsets of target genes in cis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochaton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tschopp, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delpretti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zakany, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/572875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Constrained Transcriptional Polarity In The Organization Of Mammalian Hox Gene Clusters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zinc intoxication of Mycobacterium marinum during Dictyostelium discoideum infection is counteracted by induction of the pathogen Zn2+ exporter CtpC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages use diverse strategies to kill or restrict intracellular pathogens. Some of these strategies involve the deprivation of bacteria from (micro)nutrients such as transition metals, and the bacteria intoxication through metal accumulation. Little is known about the chemical warfare between Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative of the human pathogen M. tuberculosis, and its hosts. Here we use the professional phagocyte Dictyostelium discoideum to investigate the role of Zn2+ during M. marinum infection. We show that M. marinum infection induces the accumulation of Zn2+ inside the Mycobacterium-containing vacuole (MCV), achieved by the induction and recruitment of the D. discoideum Zn2+ efflux pumps ZntA and ZntB. In cells lacking the ZntA detoxifying transporter there is further attenuation of M. marinum growth, possibly due to a compensatory efflux of Zn2+ into the MCV. This efflux is presumably carried out by ZntB, the main Zn2+ transporter in endosomes and phagosomes. Counterintuitively, M. marinum growth is also impaired in zntB KO cells, where MCVs accumulate less Zn2+. We also demonstrate that M. marinum senses toxic levels of Zn2+ and responds by upregulating its Zn2+ exporter CtpC, which supports bacteria survival under these restrictive conditions. Attenuation of M. marinum intracellular proliferation in zntA and zntB KO cells is accentuated in the absence of CtpC, confirming that mycobacteria face noxious levels of Zn2+. Altogether, we show for the first time that M. marinum infection induces a deleterious Zn2+ elevation in D. discoideum, which is counteracted by the bacteria with the induction of its Zn2+ exporter CtpC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lefrancois, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalinina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenal-Munoz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koliwer-Brandl, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appiah, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuba, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilbi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barisch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/575217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zinc intoxication of Mycobacterium marinum during Dictyostelium discoideum infection is counteracted by induction of the pathogen Zn2+ exporter CtpC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-Affinity Binding of Chemokine Analogs that Display Ligand Bias at the HIV-1 Co-receptor CCR5 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The chemokine receptor CCR5 is a drug target to prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS. We studied four analogs of the native chemokine RANTES (CCL5) that have anti-HIV potencies of around 25 pM, which is more than four orders-of-magnitude higher than that of RANTES itself. It has been hypothesized that the ultra-high potency of the analogs is due to their ability to bind populations of receptors not accessible to native chemokines. To test this hypothesis, we developed a homogeneous dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) assay for saturation and competition binding experiments. The FCCS assay has the advantage that it does not rely on competition with radioactively labeled native chemokines used in conventional assays. We prepared site-specifically labeled fluorescent analogs using native chemical ligation of synthetic peptides, followed by bioorthogonal fluorescent labeling. We engineered a mammalian cell expression construct to provide fluorescently labeled CCR5, which was purified using a tandem immunoaffinity and size-exclusion chromatography approach to obtain monomeric fluorescent CCR5 in detergent solution. We found subnanomolar binding affinities for the two analogs 5P12-RANTES and 5P14-RANTES, and about twenty-fold reduced affinities for PSC-RANTES and 6P4-RANTES. Using homologous and heterologous competition experiments with unlabeled chemokine analogs, we conclude that the analogs all bind at the same binding site; whereas, the native chemokines (RANTES and MIP1) fail to displace bound fluorescent analogs even at tens of micromolar concentrations. Our results can be rationalized with de novo structural models of the N-terminal tails of the synthetic chemokines that adopt a different binding mode as compared to the parent compound.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rico, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berchiche, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horioka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peeler, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazmi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furstenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaertner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakmar, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/575795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-Affinity Binding of Chemokine Analogs that Display Ligand Bias at the HIV-1 Co-receptor CCR5]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Aspartic Protease Ddi1 Contributes to DNA-Protein Crosslink Repair in Yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Naturally occurring or drug-induced DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) interfere with key DNA transactions if not timely repaired. The unique family of DPC-specific proteases Wss1/SPRTN targets DPC protein moieties for degradation, including topoisomerase-1 trapped in covalent crosslinks (Top1ccs). Here we describe that the efficient DPC disassembly requires Ddi1, another conserved predicted protease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found Ddi1 in a genetic screen of the tdp1wss1 mutant defective in Top1cc processing. Ddi1 is recruited to a persistent Top1cc-like DPC lesion in an S-phase dependent manner to assist eviction of crosslinked protein from DNA. Loss of Ddi1 or its putative protease activity hypersensitize cells to DPC trapping agents independently from Wss1 and 26S proteasome, implying its broader role in DPC repair. Among potential Ddi1 targets we found the core component of RNAP II and show that its genotoxin-induced degradation is impaired in ddi1. Together, we propose that the Ddi1 protease contributes to DPC proteolysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serbyn, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noireterre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagdiul, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plank, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/575860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Aspartic Protease Ddi1 Contributes to DNA-Protein Crosslink Repair in Yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/577122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mesoSPIM initiative: open-source light-sheet mesoscopes for imaging in cleared tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/577122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the course of the past decade, tissue clearing methods have reached a high level of sophistication with a wide variety of approaches now available1. To image large cleared samples, light-sheet microscopes have proven to be ideal due to their excellent optical sectioning capability in transparent tissue2. Such instruments have recently seen extensive technological and commercial development. However, despite this progress, the community is lacking instruments capable of exploring large samples with near-isotropic resolution within minutes. Here, we introduce the mesoscale selective plane-illumination microscopy (mesoSPIM) initiative, an open-hardware project that provides researchers with instructions and software to easily build and operate light-sheet microscopes for centimeter-sized cleared samples (http://www.mesospim.org).nnA wide range of commercial light-sheet microscopes have ...
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voigt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschenbaum, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platonova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pages, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, R. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaestli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaettin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egolf, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Bourg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bethge, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haenraets, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frezel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topilko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roebroeck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roska, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeckli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzala, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeilhofer, H. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karayannis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziegler, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtmaat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lüscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguzzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmchen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/577122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mesoSPIM initiative: open-source light-sheet mesoscopes for imaging in cleared tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/580944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZapA stabilizes FtsZ filament bundles without slowing down treadmilling dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/580944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For bacterial cell division, treadmilling filaments of FtsZ organize into a ring-like structure at the center of the cell. What governs the architecture and stability of this dynamic Z-ring is currently unknown, but FtsZ-associated proteins have been suggested to play an important role. Here, we used an in vitro reconstitution approach combined with fluorescence microscopy to study the influence of the well-conserved protein ZapA on the organization and dynamics of FtsZ filaments recruited to a supported membrane. We found that ZapA increases the spatial order and stabilizes the steady-state architecture of the FtsZ filament network in a highly cooperative manner. Despite its strong influence on their large-scale organization, ZapA binds only transiently to FtsZ filaments and has no effect on their treadmilling velocity. Together, our data explains how FtsZ-associated proteins can contribute to the precision and stability of the Z-ring without compromising treadmilling dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caldas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Pelegrin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearce, D. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budanur, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brugues, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loose, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/580944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZapA stabilizes FtsZ filament bundles without slowing down treadmilling dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/581231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal structure of the LRR ectodomain of the plant immune receptor kinase SOBIR1. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/581231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant unique membrane receptor kinases with leucine-rich repeat (LRR) extracellular domains are key regulators of development and immune responses. Here we present the 1.55 [A] resolution crystal structure of the immune receptor kinase SOBIR1 from Arabidopsis. The ectodomain structure reveals the presence of 5 LRRs sandwiched between non-canonical capping domains. The disulphide bond-stabilized N-terminal cap harbors an unusual {beta}-hairpin structure. The C-terminal cap features a highly positively charged linear motif which we find largely disordered in our structure. Size-exclusion chromatography and right-angle light scattering experiments suggest that SOBIR1 is a monomer in solution. The protruding {beta}-hairpin, a set of highly conserved basic residues at the inner surface of the SOBIR LRR domain and the presence of a genetic missense allele in LRR2, together suggest that the SOBIR1 ectodomain may mediate protein - protein interaction in plant immune signalling.nnSynopsisThe ectodomain structure of a novel plant membrane receptor kinase with unusual capping domains is reported.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/581231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal structure of the LRR ectodomain of the plant immune receptor kinase SOBIR1.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dictyostelium discoideum flotillin homologues are essential for phagocytosis and participate in plasma membrane recycling and lysosome biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The metazoan flotillins are lipid rafts residents involved in membrane trafficking and recycling of plasma membrane proteins. Dictyostelium discoideum, a social soil amoeba, uses phagocytosis to digest, kill and feed on bacteria. D. discoideum possesses three flotillin-like proteins, termed VacA, VacB and the recently identified VacC. All three vacuolins gradually accumulate on postlysosomes and, like flotillins, are strongly associated with membranes and partly with lipid rafts. Vacuolins are absolutely required for uptake of various particles. Their absence impairs particle recognition possibly because of defective recycling of plasma membrane or cortex-associated proteins. In addition, vacuolins are involved in phagolysosome biogenesis, although this does not impact digestion and killing of a wide range of bacteria. Furthermore, vacuolin knockout affects early recruitment of the WASH complex on phagosomes, suggesting that vacuolins may be involved in the WASH-dependent plasma membrane recycling. Altogether, these results indicate that vacuolins act as the functional homologues of flotillins in D. discoideum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bosmani, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bach, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuba, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagedorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/582049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dictyostelium discoideum flotillin homologues are essential for phagocytosis and participate in plasma membrane recycling and lysosome biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear pores as versatile reference standards for quantitative superresolution microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantitative fluorescence and superresolution microscopy are often limited by insufficient data quality or artifacts. In this context, it is essential to have biologically relevant control samples to benchmark and optimize the quality of microscopes, labels and imaging conditions.nnHere we exploit the stereotypic arrangement of proteins in the nuclear pore complex as in situ reference structures to characterize the performance of a variety of microscopy modalities. We created four genome edited cell lines in which we endogenously labeled the nucleoporin Nup96 with mEGFP, SNAP-tag or HaloTag or the photoconvertible fluorescent protein mMaple. We demonstrate their use a) as 3D resolution standards for calibration and quality control, b) to quantify absolute labeling efficiencies and c) as precise reference standards for molecular counting.nnThese cell lines will enable the broad community to assess the quality of their microscopes and labels, and to perform quantitative, absolute measurements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thevathasan, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahnwald, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieslinski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoess, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peneti, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reitberger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heid, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasuba, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoerner, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mund, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matti, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriques, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nijmeijer-Winter, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kueblbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez Sabinina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/582668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear pores as versatile reference standards for quantitative superresolution microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/585349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrin-dependent YAP signaling requires LAMTOR1 mediated delivery of Src to the plasma membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/585349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
YAP signaling has emerged as an important signaling pathway involved in several normal and pathological processes. While main upstream effectors regulating its activity have been extensively studied, the interplay with other cellular processes has been far less analyzed. Here, we identified the LAMTOR complex as a new important regulator of YAP signaling. We uncovered that p18/LAMTOR1 is required for the recycling of Src on late endosomes to the cell periphery, and consequently to activate a signaling cascade that eventually controls YAP nuclear shuttling. Moreover, p18/LAMTOR1 positives late endosomes distribution is controlled by {beta}1 integrins, extracellular matrix stiffness and cell contractility. This likely relies on the targeting of microtubules to {beta}1 positive focal adhesion via ILK. Altogether our findings identify the late endosomal recycling pathway as a major regulator of YAP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bouvard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Block, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziegelmeyer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lallemand, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronde, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehrle-Haller, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/585349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrin-dependent YAP signaling requires LAMTOR1 mediated delivery of Src to the plasma membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/585695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genome of the blind soil-dwelling and ancestrally wingless dipluran Campodea augens, a key reference hexapod for studying the emergence of insect innovations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/585695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dipluran two-pronged bristletail Campodea augens is a blind ancestrally wingless hexapod with the remarkable capacity to regenerate lost body appendages such as its long antennae. As sister group to Insecta (sensu stricto), Diplura are key to understanding the early evolution of hexapods and the origin and evolution of insects. Here we report the 1.2-Gbp draft genome of C. augens and results from comparative genomic analyses with other arthropods. In C. augens we uncovered the largest chemosensory gene repertoire of ionotropic receptors in the animal kingdom, a massive expansion which might compensate for the loss of vision. We found a paucity of photoreceptor genes mirroring at the genomic level the secondary loss of an ancestral external photoreceptor organ. Expansions of detoxification and carbohydrate metabolism gene families might reflect adaptations for foraging behaviour, and duplicated apoptotic genes might underlie its high regenerative potential.nnThe C. augens genome represents one of the key references for studying the emergence of genomic innovations in insects, the most diverse animal group, and opens up novel opportunities to study the under-explored biology of diplurans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simao, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabaglio, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterhouse, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misof, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niehuis, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szucsich, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/585695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genome of the blind soil-dwelling and ancestrally wingless dipluran Campodea augens, a key reference hexapod for studying the emergence of insect innovations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/586263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The developmental cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum ensures curing of a mycobacterial infection at both cell autonomous level and by collaborative exclusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/586263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During its life cycle, the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum alternates between a predatory amoeba and a facultative multicellular form. The single-celled amoeba is a well-established model system to study cell-autonomous mechanisms of phagocytosis and defence against intracellular bacterial pathogens, whereas the multicellular forms are arising as models to study the emergence of innate immune defence strategies. Importantly, during evolution, prokaryotes have also evolved their own strategies to resist predation. Considering these complex ecological relationships, we wondered whether D. discoideum cells infected with intracellular pathogenic mycobacteria would be able to undergo their developmental cycle and what would be the fate of the infection. We show that the combination of cell-autonomous mechanisms and the organisation into a multicellular organism leads to the efficient multistep-curing of a mycobacteria-infected population, thereby ensuring germ-free spores and progeny. Specifically, using a microfluidic device to trap single infected cells, we revealed that in the first curing phase, individual cells rely on three mechanisms to release intracellular bacteria: exocytic release, ejection and lytic release. The second phase occurs at the collective level, when remaining infected cells are excluded from the forming cell aggregates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Jimenez, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagedorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delince, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/586263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The developmental cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum ensures curing of a mycobacterial infection at both cell autonomous level and by collaborative exclusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/587147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generic and context-dependent gene modulations during Hydra whole body regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/587147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cnidarian Hydra is a classical model of whole-body regeneration. Historically, Hydra apical regeneration has received more attention than its basal counterpart, most studies considering these two regenerative processes independently. We present here a transcriptome-wide comparative analysis of apical and basal regeneration after decapitation and mid-gastric bisection, augmented with a characterization of positional and cell-type expression patterns in non-regenerating animals. The profiles of 25637 Hydra transcripts are available on HydrATLAS (https://hydratlas.unige.ch), a web interface allowing a convenient access to each transcript profile. These data indicate that generic impulse-type modulations occur during the first four hours post-amputation, consistent with a similar integration of injury-related cues on both sides of the amputation plane. Initial divergences in gene regulations are observed in regenerating tips between four and eight hours post-amputation, followed by a dramatic transcriptomic reprogramming between eight and 16 hours when regulations become sustained. As expected, central components of apical patterning, Wnt3 and HyBra1, are among the earliest genes up-regulated during apical regeneration. During early basal regeneration, a BMP signaling ligand (BMP5-8c) and a potential BMP inhibitor (NBL1) are up-regulated, suggesting that BMP signaling is involved in the basal organizer, as supported by higher levels of phosphorylated Smad in the basal region and by the LiCl-induced extension of NBL1 expression. By contrast, upon ectopic activation of Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling, NBL1 is no longer expressed, basal differentiation is not maintained and basal regeneration is abolished. A tight cross-talk between Wnt/{beta}-catenin apically and BMP signaling basally appears necessary for maintaining and regenerating Hydra anatomy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galliot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenger, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzgariu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perruchoud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loichot, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/587147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generic and context-dependent gene modulations during Hydra whole body regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/587303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IMPACT OF GENOME ARCHITECTURE UPON THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVATION AND REPRESSION OF Hox REGULATORY LANDSCAPES 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/587303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe spatial organization of the mammalian genome relies upon the formation of chromatin domains of various scales. At the level of gene regulation in cis, collections of enhancer sequences define large regulatory landscapes that usually match with the presence of topologically associating domains (TADs). These domains are largely determined by bound CTCF molecules and often contain ranges of enhancers displaying similar or related tissue specificity, suggesting that in some cases such domains may act as coherent regulatory units, with a global on or off state.nnResultsBy using the HoxD gene cluster as a paradigm, we investigated the effect of large genomic rearrangements affecting the two TADs flanking this locus, including their fusion into a single chromatin domain. We show that, within a single hybrid TAD, the activation of both proximal and distal limb enhancers initially positioned in either TADs globally occurred as when both TADs are intact. We also show that the timely implementation of distal limb enhancers depends on whether or not target genes had previously responded to proximal enhancers, due to the presence or absence of H3K27me3 marks.nnConclusionsFrom this work, we conclude that antagonistic limb proximal and distal enhancers can exert their specificities when positioned into the same TAD and in the absence of their genuine target genes. We also conclude that removing these target genes reduced the coverage of a regulatory landscape by chromatin marks associated with silencing and thus prolonged its activity in time. Since Polycomb group proteins are mainly recruited at the Hox gene cluster, our results suggest that Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) can extend its coverage to far-cis regulatory sequences as long as confined to the neighboring TAD structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Carballo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakushiji-Kaminatsui, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullate-Agote, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/587303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IMPACT OF GENOME ARCHITECTURE UPON THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVATION AND REPRESSION OF Hox REGULATORY LANDSCAPES]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/589168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial mutational spectrum provides an universal marker of cellular and organismal longevity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/589168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutational spectrum of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) does not resemble signatures of any known mutagens and variation in mtDNA mutational spectra between different tissues and organisms is still incomprehensible. Since mitochondria is tightly involved in aerobic energy production, it is expected that mtDNA mutational spectra may be affected by the oxidative damage which is increasing with cellular and organismal aging. However, the well-documented mutational signature of the oxidative damage, G>T substitutions, is typical only for the nuclear genome while it is extremely rare and age-independent in mtDNA. Thus it is still unclear if there is a mitochondria - specific mutational signature of the oxidative damage. Here, reconstructing mtDNA mutational spectra for human cancers originated from 21 tissues with various cell turnover rate, human oocytes fertilized at different ages, and 424 mammalian species with variable generation length which is a proxy for oocyte age, we observed that the frequency of AH>GH substitutions (H - heavy chain notation) is positively correlated with cellular and organismal longevity. Moreover, this mutational bias from AH to GH affects nucleotide content at the fourfold degenerative synonymous positions leading to a deficit of AH and excess of GH, which is especially pronounced in long-lived mammals. Taking into account additionally, that AH>GH is sensitive to time being single stranded during mtDNA asynchronous replication and A>G is associated with oxidative damage of single-stranded DNA in recent bacterial experiments we propose that AH>GH is a mutational signature of oxidative damage in mtDNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mikhaylova, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikhailova, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ushakova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tretyakov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iurchenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zazhytska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knorre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischmann, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasko, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunz, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazunin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khrapko, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunbin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popadin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/589168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial mutational spectrum provides an universal marker of cellular and organismal longevity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/590810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time-resolved RNA-seq profiling of the infection of Dictyostelium discoideum by Mycobacterium marinum reveals an integrated host response to damage and stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/590810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tuberculosis remains the most pervasive infectious disease and the recent emergence of multiple drug-resistant strains emphasizes the need for more efficient drug treatments. The experimentally versatile Dictyostelium discoideum - Mycobacterium marinum infection model provides a powerful system to study mycobacteria pathogenicity and host response. In this study, a time-resolved transcriptomic analysis of the amoeba D. discoideum was performed to decipher the different host pathways impacted during infection. We investigated how D. discoideum fine-tunes its gene expression in response to M. marinum infection by assessing the transcriptomic profile covering the critical stages of entry, establishment of a permissive niche, proliferation and dissemination (1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours post infection). Differential gene expression provided a fingerprint of the transcriptome of the host cell in the presence of mycobacteria, and helped identify specific markers and molecular signatures of infection. Enrichment pathway analysis showed that most of the Biological Processes (BP) of upregulated genes at early time point of infection hinted towards damage response and cellular defence, especially in specific pathways involved in membrane repair (ESCRT) and bacteria elimination (autophagy). Whereas at late time points of infection, BP related to starvation were upregulated. Some other signatures were more unexpected, such as cell cycle (downregulation of cytosolic large & small ribosomal subunits) and upregulation of metabolic adaptations (lipids transport).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melotti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosmani, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kicka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilbi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/590810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time-resolved RNA-seq profiling of the infection of Dictyostelium discoideum by Mycobacterium marinum reveals an integrated host response to damage and stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/592717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic characterization of the Mycobacterium marinum-containing vacuole in Dictyostelium discoideum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/592717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is able to manipulate the phagosome compartment in which it resides in order to establish a permissive replicative compartment called the Mycobacterium-containing vacuole (MCV). Mycobacterium marinum, a fish pathogen and a close relative of the tuberculosis group, is able to infect the free-living amoeba and professional phagocyte Dictyostelium discoideum and to manipulate its phagosome maturation. By using this host-pathogen model system, we have established an innovative process to isolate MCVs. This procedure allowed us to isolate the M. marinum-MCV at 1, 3 and 6 hours post infection to study the early M. marinum-MCV proteome. By using isobaric labelling and mass spectrometry, we quantitatively compared the proteomic composition of those MCVs isolated at different stages of the early infection phase to understand how M. marinum impacts on this compartment to divert it from the normal phagosomal pathway. Furthermore, we also compared the manipulated compartment M. marinum-MCV to non- or less manipulated compartments containing different mycobacteria strains: the non-pathogenic M. smegmatis, the avirulent M. marinum-L1D or the attenuated M. marinum-RD1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gueho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosmani, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/592717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic characterization of the Mycobacterium marinum-containing vacuole in Dictyostelium discoideum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/592816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opposing chromatin remodelers control transcription initiation frequency and start site selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/592816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precise nucleosome organization at eukaryotic promoters is thought to be generated by multiple chromatin remodeler (CR) enzymes and to affect transcription initiation. Using an integrated analysis of chromatin remodeler binding and nucleosome displacement activity following rapid remodeler depletion, we investigate the interplay between these enzymes and their impact on transcription in budding yeast. We show that many promoters are acted upon by multiple CRs that operate either cooperatively or in opposition to position the key transcription start site-associated +1 nucleosome. Functional assays suggest that +1 nucleosome positioning often reflects a trade-off between maximizing RNA Polymerase II recruitment and minimizing transcription initiation at incorrect sites. Finally, we show that nucleosome movement following CR inactivation usually results from the activity of another CR and that in the absence of any remodeling activity +1 nucleosomes maintain their positions. Our results provide a detailed picture of fundamental mechanisms linking promoter nucleosome architecture to transcription initiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kubik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruzzone, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dreos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattarocci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucher, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libri, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/592816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opposing chromatin remodelers control transcription initiation frequency and start site selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/593574v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Treatment of mice with IL2-complex enhances inflammasome-driven IFN-γ production and prevents lethal toxoplasmosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/593574v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxoplasmic encephalitis is an AIDS-defining condition in HIV+ individuals. The decline of IFN-{gamma}-producing CD4+ T cells in AIDS is a major contributing factor in reactivation of quiescent Toxoplasma gondii to an actively replicating stage of infection. Hence, it is important to identify CD4-independent mechanisms to control acute T. gondii infection. Here we have investigated the targeted expansion and regulation of IFN-{gamma} production by CD8+ T cells, DN T cells and NK cells in response to T. gondii infection using IL-2 complex (IL2C) pre-treatment in an acute in vivo mouse model. Our results show that expansion of CD8+ T cells, DN T cells and NK cell by S4B6 IL2C treatment increases survival rates of mice infected with T. gondii and this increased survival is dependent on both IL-12- and IL-18-driven IFN-{gamma} production. Processing and secretion of IFN-{gamma}-inducing, bioactive IL-18 is dependent on the sensing of active parasite invasion by multiple redundant inflammasome sensors in multiple hematopoietic cell types but independent from T. gondii-derived dense granule (GRA) proteins. Our results provide evidence for a protective role of IL2C-mediated expansion of CD8+ T cells, DN T cells and NK cells in murine toxoplasmosis and may represent a promising adjunct therapy for acute toxoplasmosis.nnAuthor SummaryA third of the worlds population is chronically infected with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In most cases the infection is asymptomatic, but in individuals suffering from AIDS, reactivation of brain and muscle cysts containing T. gondii is a significant cause of death. The gradual decline of CD4 T cells, the hallmark of AIDS, is believed to be a major contributing factor in reactivation of T. gondii infection and the development of acute disease. In this study, we show that targeted expansion of non-CD4 immune cell subsets can prevent severe disease and premature death via increased availability of interferon gamma-producing immune cells. We also demonstrate that the upstream signaling molecule interleukin-18 is required for the protective immune response by non-CD4 cells and show that the sensing of active parasite invasion by danger recognition molecules is crucial. Our findings reveal that targeted cell expansion may be a promising therapy in toxoplasmosis and suggests that the development of novel intervention strategies targeting danger recognition pathways may be useful against toxoplasmosis, particularly in the context of AIDS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kupz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacomin, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammoudi, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/593574</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Treatment of mice with IL2-complex enhances inflammasome-driven IFN-γ production and prevents lethal toxoplasmosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/595843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal policy for multi-alternative decisions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/595843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Every-day decisions frequently require choosing among multiple alternatives. Yet, the optimal policy for such decisions is unknown. Here we derive the normative policy for general multi-alternative decisions. This strategy requires evidence accumulation to nonlinear, time-dependent bounds, that trigger choices. A geometric symmetry in those boundaries allows the optimal strategy to be implemented by a simple neural circuit involving a normalization with fixed decision bounds and an urgency signal. The model captures several key features of the response of decision-making neurons as well as the increase in reaction time as a function of the number of alternatives, known as Hicks law. In addition, we show that, in the presence of divisive normalization and internal variability, our model can account for several so called  irrational behaviors such as the similarity effect as well as the violation of both the independent irrelevant alternative principle and the regularity principle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tajima, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drugowitsch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/595843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal policy for multi-alternative decisions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/598243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phigaro: high throughput prophage sequence annotation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/598243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryPhigaro is a standalone command-line application that is able to detect prophage regions taking raw genome and metagenome assemblies as an input. It also produces dynamic annotated "prophage genome maps" and marks possible transposon insertion spots inside prophages. It provides putative taxonomic annotations that can distinguish tailed from non-tailed phages. It is applicable for mining prophage regions from large metagenomic datasets.nnAvailabilitySource code for Phigaro is freely available for download at https://github.com/bobeobibo/phigaro along with test data. The code is written in Python.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Starikova, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikhonova, P. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prianichnikov, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rands, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govorun, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/598243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phigaro: high throughput prophage sequence annotation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/600510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Socio-behavioural characteristics and HIV: findings from a causal modelling analysis of 29 sub-Saharan African countries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/600510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionSocio-behavioural factors may contribute to the wide variance in HIV prevalence between and within sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. We studied the associations between socio-behavioural variables potentially related to the risk of acquiring HIV.

MethodsWe used Bayesian network models to study associations between socio-behavioural variables that may be related to HIV. A Bayesian network consists of nodes representing variables, and edges representing the conditional dependencies between variables. We analysed data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 29 SSA countries between 2010 and 2016. We predefined and dichotomized twelve variables, including factors related to age, literacy, HIV knowledge, HIV testing, domestic violence, sexual activity, and womens empowerment. We analysed data on men and women for each country separately and then summarised the results across the countries. We conducted a second analysis including also the individual HIV status in a subset of 23 countries where this information was available. We presented summary graphs showing associations that were present in at least six countries (five in the analysis with HIV status).

ResultsWe analysed data from 190,273 men (range across countries 2,295-17,359) and 420,198 women (6,621-38,948). The two variables with the highest total number of edges in the summary graphs were literacy and rural/urban location. Literacy was negatively associated with false beliefs about AIDS and, for women, early sexual initiation, in most countries. Literacy was also positively associated with ever being tested for HIV and the belief that women have the right to ask their husband to use condoms if he has a sexually transmitted infection. Rural location was positively associated with false beliefs about HIV and the belief that beating ones wife is justified, and negatively associated with having been tested for HIV. In the analysis including HIV status, being HIV positive was associated with female-headed household, older age and rural location among women, and with no variables among men.

ConclusionsLiteracy and urbanity were strongly associated with several factors that are important for HIV acquisition. Since literacy is one of the few variables that can be improved by interventions, this makes it a promising intervention target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baranczuk, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blough, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merzouki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maathuis, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keiser, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/600510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Socio-behavioural characteristics and HIV: findings from a causal modelling analysis of 29 sub-Saharan African countries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/602318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of large-scale electrophysiological networks in stroke patients with visuospatial neglect 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/602318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stroke frequently produces attentional dysfunctions including symptoms of hemispatial neglect, which is characterized by a breakdown of awareness for the contralesional hemispace. Recent studies with functional MRI (fMRI) suggest that hemineglect patients display abnormal intra-and inter-hemispheric functional connectivity. However, since stroke is a vascular disorder and fMRI signals remain sensitive to non-neuronal (i.e. vascular) coupling, more direct demonstrations of neural network dysfunction in hemispatial neglect are warranted. Here, we utilize electroencephalogram (EEG) source imaging to uncover differences in resting-state network organization between patients with right-hemispheric stroke (N = 15) and age-matched, healthy controls (N = 27), and determine the relationship between hemineglect symptoms and brain network organization. We estimated intra-and inter-regional differences in cortical communication, by calculating the spectral power and amplitude envelope correlations (AEC) of narrow-band EEG oscillations. We firstly observed focal frequency-slowing within the right posterior cortical regions, reflected in relative delta/theta power increases and alpha/beta/gamma decreases. Secondly, nodes within the right temporal and parietal cortex consistently displayed anomalous intra- and inter- hemispheric coupling, stronger in delta and gamma bands, and weaker in theta, alpha, and beta bands. Finally, a significant association was observed between the severity of left-hemispace search deficits (e.g. cancellation test omissions) and reduced functional connectivity within the alpha and beta bands. In sum, our novel results validate the hypothesis of large-scale cortical network disruption following stroke, and reinforce the proposal that abnormal brain oscillations may be intimately involved in the pathophysiology of visuospatial neglect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ros, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuadens, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zermatten, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/602318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of large-scale electrophysiological networks in stroke patients with visuospatial neglect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/606087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative genomics groups phages of Negativicutes and classical Firmicutes despite different Gram-staining properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/606087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Negativicutes are Gram-Negative bacteria characterized by two cell membranes, but they are phylogenetically a side-branch of Gram-Positive Firmicutes that contain only a single membrane. We asked whether viruses (phages) infecting Negativicutes were horizontally acquired from Gram-Negative Proteobacteria, given the shared outer cell structure of their bacterial hosts, or if Negativicute phages co-evolved vertically with their hosts and thus resemble Gram-Positive Firmicute prophages. We predicted and characterised 485 prophages from Gram-Negative Firmicute genomes plus 2,977 prophages from other bacterial clades, and we used virome sequence data from 183 human stool samples to provide independent evidence for our predictions. The majority of the identified Negativicute prophages were lambdoids closer related to prophages from other Firmicutes than Proteobacteria by sequence relationship and genome organization (position of the lysis module). Only a single Mu-like candidate prophage and no clear P2-like prophages were identified in Negativicutes, both commonly found in Proteobacteria. Therefore, it is unlikely that Negativicute phages were acquired from Proteobacteria. Sequence-related prophages were identified in two distinct Negativicute orders (Veillonellales and Acidaminococcales) possibly suggesting horizontal cross-order phage infection between human gut commensals. Phages infecting these Negativicute orders occasionally harboured putative antibiotic resistance genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rands, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brussow, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/606087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative genomics groups phages of Negativicutes and classical Firmicutes despite different Gram-staining properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/609412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying microbial species by single-molecule DNA optical mapping and resampling statistics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/609412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single molecule DNA mapping has the potential to serve as a powerful complement to high-throughput sequencing in metagenomic analysis. Offering longer read lengths and forgoing the need for complex library preparation and amplification, mapping stands to provide an unbiased view into the composition of complex viromes and/or microbiomes. To fully enable mapping-based metagenomics, sensitivity and specificity of DNA map analysis and identification need to be improved. Using detailed simulations and experimental data, we first demonstrate how fluorescence imaging of surface stretched, sequence specifically labeled DNA fragments can yield highly sensitive identification of targets. Secondly, a new analysis technique is introduced to increase specificity of the analysis, allowing even closely related species to be resolved. Thirdly, we show how an increase in resolution improves sensitivity. Finally, we demonstrate that these methods are capable of identifying species with long genomes such as bacteria with high sensitivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bouwens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitale, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Huys, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyvaerts, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Descloux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borrenberghs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grussmayer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruckebusch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasser, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofkens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radenovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, K. P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/609412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying microbial species by single-molecule DNA optical mapping and resampling statistics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/616128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A bifunctional ATPase drives tad pilus extension and retraction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/616128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular motors convert chemical energy directly into mechanical work1 and are found in all domains of life2. These motors are critical to intracellular transport3, motility4,5, macromolecular protein assembly3,6, and many essential processes7. A wide-spread class of related bacterial motors drive the dynamic activity of extracellular fibers, such as type IV pili (T4P), that are extended and retracted using so-called secretion motor ATPases. Among these, the tight adherence (tad) pili are critical for surface sensing, surface attachment, and biofilm formation8-10. How tad pili undergo dynamic cycles of extension and retraction8 despite lacking a dedicated retraction motor ATPase has remained a mystery. Here we find that a bifunctional pilus motor ATPase, CpaF, drives both activities through ATP hydrolysis. Specifically, we show that mutations within the ATP hydrolysis active site of Caulobacter crescentus CpaF result in a correlated reduction in the rates of extension and retraction. Moreover, a decrease in the rate of ATP hydrolysis directly scales with a decrease in the force of retraction and reduced dynamics in these CpaF mutants. This mechanism of motor protein bifunctionality extends to another genus of tad-bearing bacteria. In contrast, the T4aP subclass of pili possess dedicated extension and retraction motor ATPase paralogs. We show that these processes are uncoupled using a slow ATP hydrolysis mutation in the extension ATPase of competence T4aP of Vibrio cholerae that decreases the rate of extension but has no effect on the rate of retraction. Thus, a single motor ATPase is able to drive the bidirectional processes of pilus fiber extension and retraction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellison, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chlebek, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummels, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biais, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalia, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/616128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A bifunctional ATPase drives tad pilus extension and retraction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/616664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lowe Syndrome-linked endocytic adaptors direct membrane cycling kinetics with OCRL in Dictyostelium discoideum. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/616664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations of the inositol 5-phosphatase OCRL cause Lowe Syndrome (LS), characterized by congenital cataract, low IQ and defective kidney proximal tubule resorption. A key subset of LS mutants abolishes OCRLs interactions with endocytic adaptors containing F&H peptide motifs. Converging unbiased methods examining human peptides and the unicellular phagocytic organism Dictyostelium discoideum, reveal that, like OCRL, the Dictyostelium OCRL orthologue Dd5P4 binds two proteins closely related to the F&H proteins APPL1 and Ses1/2 (also referred to as IPIP27A/B). In addition, a novel conserved F&H interactor was identified, GxcU (in Dictyostelium) and the Cdc42-GEF Frabin (in human cells). Examining these proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum, we find that, like OCRL, Dd5P4 acts at well-conserved and physically distinct endocytic stations. Dd5P4 functions in coordination with F&H proteins to control membrane deformation at multiple stages of endocytosis, and suppresses GxcU-mediated activity during fluid-phase micropinocytosis. We also reveal that OCRL/Dd5P4 acts at the contractile vacuole, an exocytic osmoregulatory organelle. We propose F&H peptide-containing proteins may be key modifiers of LS phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luscher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fröhlich, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barisch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Littlewood, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalfe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuba, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirruccello, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesareni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stagi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walther, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Camilli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swan, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/616664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lowe Syndrome-linked endocytic adaptors direct membrane cycling kinetics with OCRL in Dictyostelium discoideum.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/619031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EEG resting-state large-scale brain network dynamics are related to depressive symptoms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/619031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe few previous studies on resting-state EEG microstates in depressive patients suggest altered temporal characteristics of microstates compared to those of healthy subjects. We tested whether resting-state microstate temporal characteristics could capture large-scale brain network dynamic activity relevant to depressive symptomatology.nnMethodsTo evaluate a possible relationship between the resting-state large-scale brain network dynamics and depressive symptoms, we performed EEG microstate analysis in patients with moderate to severe depression within bipolar affective disorder, depressive episode, and periodic depressive disorder, and in healthy controls.nnResultsMicrostate analysis revealed six classes of microstates (A-F) in global clustering across all subjects. There were no between-group differences in the temporal characteristics of microstates. In the patient group, higher symptomatology on the Montgomery-[A]sberg Depression Rating Scale, a questionnaire validated as measuring severity of depressive episodes in patients with mood disorders, correlated with higher occurrence of microstate A (Spearmans rank correlation, r = 0.70, p < 0.01).nnConclusionOur results suggest that the observed interindividual differences in resting-state EEG microstate parameters could reflect altered large-scale brain network dynamics relevant to depressive symptomatology during depressive episodes. These findings suggest the utility of the microstate analysis approach in an objective depression assessment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Damborska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomescu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honzirkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartecek, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horinkova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedorova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ondrus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/619031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EEG resting-state large-scale brain network dynamics are related to depressive symptoms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered directed functional connectivity of the right amygdala in depression: high-density EEG study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cortico-striatal-pallidal-thalamic and limbic circuits are suggested to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression. Stimulation of deep brain targets might improve symptoms in treatment-resistant depression. However, a better understanding of connectivity properties of deep brain structures potentially implicated in deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment is needed. Using high-density EEG, we explored the directed functional connectivity at rest in 25 healthy subjects and 26 patients with moderate to severe depression within the bipolar affective disorder, depressive episode, and recurrent depressive disorder. We computed the Partial Directed Coherence on the source EEG signals focusing on the amygdala, anterior cingulate, putamen, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. The global efficiency for the whole brain and the local efficiency, clustering coefficient, outflow, and strength for the selected structures were calculated. In the right amygdala, all the network metrics were significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients than in controls. The global efficiency was significantly higher (p<0.05) in patients than in controls, showed no correlation with status of depression, but decreased with increasing medication intake (R2 = 0.59 and p = 1.52e - 05). The amygdala seems to play an important role in neurobiology of depression. Practical treatment studies would be necessary to assess the amygdala as a potential future DBS target for treating depression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Damborska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubega, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honzirkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartecek, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horinkova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedorova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ondrus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/620252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered directed functional connectivity of the right amygdala in depression: high-density EEG study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sociobehavioural characteristics and HIV incidence in 29 sub-Saharan African countries: Unsupervised machine learning analysis using the Demographic and Health Surveys 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionHIV incidence varies widely between sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. This variation coincides with a substantial sociobehavioural heterogeneity, which complicates the design of effective interventions. In this study, we investigated how sociobehavioural heterogeneity in sub-Saharan Africa could account for the variance of HIV incidence between countries.

MethodsWe analysed aggregated data, at the national-level, from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys of 29 SSA countries [2010-2017], which included 594644 persons (183310 men and 411334 women). We preselected 48 demographic, socio-economic, behavioural and HIV-related attributes to describe each country. We used Principal Component Analysis to visualize sociobehavioural similarity between countries, and to identify the variables that accounted for most sociobehavioural variance in SSA. We used hierarchical clustering to identify groups of countries with similar sociobehavioural profiles, and we compared the distribution of HIV incidence (estimates from UNAIDS) and sociobehavioural variables within each cluster.

ResultsThe most important characteristics, which explained 69% of sociobehavioural variance across SSA among the variables we assessed were: religion; male circumcision; number of sexual partners; literacy; uptake of HIV testing; womens empowerment; accepting attitude toward people living with HIV/AIDS; rurality; ART coverage; and, knowledge about AIDS. Our model revealed three groups of countries, each with characteristic sociobehavioural profiles. HIV incidence was mostly similar within each cluster and different between clusters (median(IQR); 0.5/1000(0.6/1000), 1.8/1000(1.3/1000) and 5.0/1000(4.2/1000)).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Merzouki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keiser, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/620450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sociobehavioural characteristics and HIV incidence in 29 sub-Saharan African countries: Unsupervised machine learning analysis using the Demographic and Health Surveys]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/623009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional genomics of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/623009v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the United States alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable flies.nnResultsThis study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality genome sequencing, microbiome analyses, and RNA-seq analyses targeting multiple developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, manual curation of over 1600 genes was used to examine gene content related to stable fly reproduction, interactions with their host, host-microbe dynamics, and putative routes for control. Most notable was establishment of reproduction-associated genes and identification of expanded vision, chemosensation, immune repertoire, and metabolic detoxification pathway gene families.nnConclusionsThe combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome followed by RNA-seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the biology of this important pest. These resources and knowledge will provide the groundwork for expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (medflies, Drosophila, house flies) will allow for understanding the evolution of blood feeding among Cyclorrhapha flies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olafson, P. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksoy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attardo, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckmeier, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coates, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dykema, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emrich, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannidis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennings, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinson, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maslen, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meisel, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayduch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyen, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raszick, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, J. M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosendale, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sackton, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swiger, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sze, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarone, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterhouse, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weirauch, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werren, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/623009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional genomics of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/630129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetically validated approach to detect inorganic polyphosphates in plants. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/630129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs) are linear polymers of orthophosphate units linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. PolyPs represent important stores of phosphate and energy, and are abundantly found in many pro- and eukaryotic organisms. In plants, the existence of polyPs has been established using microscopy and biochemical extraction methods that are now known to produce artifacts. Here we use a polyP-specific dye and a polyP binding domain to detect polyPs in plant and algal cells. To develop the staining protocol, we induced polyP granules in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabiopsis cells by heterologous expression of E. coli polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1). Over-expression of PPK1 but not of a catalytically impaired version of the enzyme lead to severe growth phenotypes, suggesting that ATP-dependent synthesis and accumulation of polyPs in the plant cytosol is toxic. We next crossed stable PPK1 expressing Arabidopsis lines with plants expressing the polyP-binding domain of E. coli exopolyphosphatase (PPX1c), which co-localized with PPK1-generated polyP granules. These granules were stained by the polyP-specific dye JC-D7 and appeared as electron dense structures in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sections. Using the polyP staining protocol derived from these experiments, we screened for polyP stores in different organs and tissues of both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. While we could not detect polyP granules in higher plants, we could visualize the polyP-rich acidocalicisomes in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Together, our experiments suggest that higher plants may not contain large polyPs stores.nnSignificance StatementA chemical dye and an inorganic polyphosphate binding domain are shown to specifically label inorganic polyphosphate granules in transgenic Arabidopsis lines and Chlamydomonas acidocalcisomes. Using these tools, we show that in contrast to many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, higher plants do not seem to contain large inorganic polyphosphate stores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loubery, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo-Orts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utz-Pugin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/630129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetically validated approach to detect inorganic polyphosphates in plants.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/630335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FACS-based isolation and RNA extraction of Secondary Cells from the Drosophila male Accessory Gland 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/630335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To appreciate the function of an organ, it is often critical to understand the role of rare cell populations. Unfortunately, this rarity often makes it difficult to obtain material for study. This is the case for the Drosophila male accessory gland, the functional homolog of mammalian prostate and seminal vesicle. In Drosophila, this gland is made up of two morphologically distinct cell types: the polygonally-shaped main cells, which compose 96% of the organ, and the larger, vacuole-containing secondary cells (SCs), which represent the remaining 4% of cells (~40 cells per lobe). Both cell types are known to produce accessory gland proteins (Acps), which are important components of the seminal fluid and are responsible for triggering multiple physiological and behavioral processes in females, collectively called the post-mating response (PMR). While a few genes are known to be specific to the SCs, the relative rarity of SCs has hindered the study of their whole transcriptome. Here, a method allowing for the isolation of SCs is presented, enabling the extraction and sequencing of RNAs from this rare cell population. The protocol consists of dissection, protease digestion and mechanical dissociation of the glands to obtain individual cells. Then, the cells are sorted by FACS, and living GFP-expressing SC singulets are isolated for RNA extraction. This procedure is able to provide SC-specific RNAs from ~40 males per condition in the course of one day. Given the speed and low number of flies required, this method enables the use of downstream RT-qPCR and/or RNA sequencing to the study gene expression in the SCs from different genetic backgrounds, ages, mating statuses or environmental conditions.nnSUMMARYHere, we describe the dissociation and sorting of a specific cell population from the Drosophila male accessory glands (Secondary cells), followed by RNA extraction for sequencing and RT-qPCR. The dissociation consists of dissection, proteases digestion and mechanical dispersion, followed by FACS purification of GFP-expressing cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>IMMARIGEON, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KARCH, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MAEDA, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/630335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FACS-based isolation and RNA extraction of Secondary Cells from the Drosophila male Accessory Gland]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/644427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anterior Insula Reflects Inferential Errors in Value-Based Decision-making and Perception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/644427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The process of inference is theorized to underlie neural processes, including value-based decision-making and perception. Value-based decision-making commonly involves deliberation, a time-consuming process that requires conscious consideration of decision variables. Perception, by contrast, is thought to be automatic and effortless. To determine if inference characterizes both perception and value-based decision-making, we directly compared uncertainty signals in visual perception and an economic task using fMRI. We presented the same individuals with different versions of a bi-stable figure (Neckers cube) and with a gambling task during fMRI acquisition. To track the inferential process assumed in both tasks, we experimentally varied uncertainty, either on perceptual state or financial outcome. We found that inferential errors captured by surprise in the gambling task yielded BOLD responses in the anterior insula, in line with earlier findings. Moreover, we found perceptual risk and surprise in the Necker Cube task yielded similar responses in the anterior insula. These results suggest that uncertainty, irrespective of domain, correlates to a common brain region, the anterior insula. These findings provide empirical evidence that the brain interacts with its environment through inferential processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loued-Khenissi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeuffer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einhaeuser, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preuschoff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/644427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anterior Insula Reflects Inferential Errors in Value-Based Decision-making and Perception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A role for Toxoplasma gondii chloroquine resistance transporter in bradyzoite viability and digestive vacuole maintenance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous pathogen that can cause encephalitis, congenital defects, and ocular disease. T. gondii has also been implicated as a risk factor for mental illness in humans. The parasite persists in the brain as slow growing bradyzoites contained within intracellular cysts. No treatments exist to eliminate this form of parasite. Although proteolytic degradation within the parasite lysosomal-like vacuolar compartment (VAC) is critical for bradyzoite viability, whether other aspects of the VAC are important for parasite persistence remains unknown. An ortholog of Plasmodium falciparum CRT has previously been identified in T. gondii (TgCRT). To interrogate the function of TgCRT in chronic stage bradyzoites and its role in persistence, we knocked out TgCRT in a cystogenic strain and assessed VAC size, VAC digestion of host-derived proteins and parasite autophagosomes, and viability of in vitro and in vivo bradyzoites. We found that whereas parasites deficient in TgCRT exhibit normal digestion within the VAC, they display a markedly distended VAC and their viability is compromised both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, impairing VAC proteolysis in TgCRT deficient bradyzoites restored VAC size, consistent with a role for TgCRT as a transporter of products of digestion from the VAC. In conjunction with earlier studies, our current findings suggest a functional link between TgCRT and VAC proteolysis. This work provides further evidence of a crucial role for the VAC in bradyzoite persistence and a new potential VAC target to abate chronic Toxoplasma infection.nnIMPORTANCEIndividuals chronically infected with the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii are at risk of experiencing reactivated disease that can result in progressive loss of vision. No effective treatments exist for chronic toxoplasmosis due in part to a poor understanding of the biology underlying chronic infection and a lack of well validated potential targets. Here we show that a T. gondii transporter is functionally linked to protein digestion within the parasite lysosome-like organelle and that this transporter is necessary to sustain chronic infection in culture and in experimentally infected mice. Ablating the transporter results in severe bloating of the lysosome-like organelle. Together with earlier work, this study suggests the parasites lysosome-like organelle is vital for parasite survival, thus rendering it a potential target for diminishing infection and reducing the risk of reactivated disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kannan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Cristina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huynh, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lunghi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppens, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carruthers, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/647669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A role for Toxoplasma gondii chloroquine resistance transporter in bradyzoite viability and digestive vacuole maintenance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/650986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population history and genetic adaptation of the Fulani nomads: Inferences from genome-wide data and the lactase persistence trait 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/650986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human population history in the Holocene was profoundly impacted by changes in lifestyle following the invention and adoption of food-production practices. These changes triggered significant increases in population sizes and expansions over large distances. Here we investigate the population history of the Fulani, a pastoral population extending throughout the African Sahel/Savannah belt. Based on genome-wide analyses we propose that ancestors of the Fulani population experienced admixture between a West African group and a group carrying both European and North African ancestries. This admixture was likely coupled with newly adopted herding practices, as it resulted in signatures of genetic adaptation in contemporary Fulani genomes, including the control element of the LCT gene enabling carriers to digest lactose throughout their lives. The lactase persistence (LP) trait in the Fulani is conferred by the presence of the allele T-13910, which is also present at high frequencies in Europe. We establish that the T-13910 LP allele in Fulani individuals analysed in this study lies on a European haplotype background thus excluding parallel convergent evolution. Our findings further suggest that Eurasian admixture and the European LP allele was introduced into the Fulani through contact with a North African population/s. We furthermore confirm the link between the lactose digestion phenotype in the Fulani to the MCM6/LCT locus by reporting the first Genome Wide Association study (GWAS) of the lactase persistence trait. We also further explored signals of recent adaptation in the Fulani and identified additional candidates for selection to adapt to herding life-styles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vicente, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priehodova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diallo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorna, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poloni, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerny, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlebusch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/650986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population history and genetic adaptation of the Fulani nomads: Inferences from genome-wide data and the lactase persistence trait]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/653840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A VERSATILE ROBOTIC PLATFORM FOR THE DESIGN OF NATURAL, THREE-DIMENSIONAL REACHING AND GRASPING TASKS IN MONKEYS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/653840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translational studies on motor control and neurological disorders require detailed monitoring of sensorimotor components of natural limb movements in relevant animal models. However, available experimental tools do not provide a sufficiently rich repertoire of behavioral signals. Here, we developed a robotic platform that enables the monitoring of kinematics, interaction forces, and neurophysiological signals during user-definable upper limb tasks for monkeys. We configured the platform to position instrumented objects in a three-dimensional workspace and provide an interactive dynamic force-field. We show the relevance of our platform for fundamental and translational studies with three example applications. First, we study the kinematics of natural grasp in response to variable interaction forces. We then show simultaneous and independent encoding of kinematic and forces in single unit intra-cortical recordings from sensorimotor cortical areas. Lastly, we demonstrate the relevance of our platform to develop clinically relevant brain computer interfaces in a kinematically unconstrained motor task
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barra, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perich, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salehian, S. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreillon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wurth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaeser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passeraub, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milekovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capogrosso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/653840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A VERSATILE ROBOTIC PLATFORM FOR THE DESIGN OF NATURAL, THREE-DIMENSIONAL REACHING AND GRASPING TASKS IN MONKEYS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/655670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Influence of genetic variants on gene expression in human pancreatic islets - implications for type 2 diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/655670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most signals detected by genome-wide association studies map to non-coding sequence and their tissue-specific effects influence transcriptional regulation. However, many key tissues and cell-types required for appropriate functional inference are absent from large-scale resources such as ENCODE and GTEx. We explored the relationship between genetic variants influencing predisposition to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related glycemic traits, and human pancreatic islet transcription using RNA-Seq and genotyping data from 420 islet donors. We find: (a) eQTLs have a variable replication rate across the 44 GTEx tissues (<73%), indicating that our study captured islet-specific cis-eQTL signals; (b) islet eQTL signals show marked overlap with islet epigenome annotation, though eQTL effect size is reduced in the stretch enhancers most strongly implicated in GWAS signal location; (c) selective enrichment of islet eQTL overlap with the subset of T2D variants implicated in islet dysfunction; and (d) colocalization between islet eQTLs and variants influencing T2D or related glycemic traits, delivering candidate effector transcripts at 23 loci, including DGKB and TCF7L2. Our findings illustrate the advantages of performing functional and regulatory studies in tissues of greatest disease-relevance while expanding our mechanistic insights into complex traits association loci activity with an expanded list of putative transcripts implicated in T2D development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vinuela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varshney, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bunt, M. v. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asplund, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehnke, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdos, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fadista, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatem, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howald, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyengar, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krus, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning Fox, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narisu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nylander, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orchard, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oskolkov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panousis, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stitzel, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadlamudi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohlke, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloyn, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groop, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/655670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Influence of genetic variants on gene expression in human pancreatic islets - implications for type 2 diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cytotoxicity of 1-deoxysphingolipid Unraveled by Genome-wide Genetic Screens and Lipidomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy (HSAN) type IA and IC are caused by elevated levels of an atypical class of lipid named 1-deoxysphingolipid (DoxSL). How elevated levels of DoxSL perturb the physiology of the cell and how the perturbations lead to HSAN IA/C are largely unknown. In this study, we show that C26-1-deoxydihydroceramide (C26-DoxDHCer) is highly toxic to the cell, while C16- and C18-DoxDHCer are less toxic. Genome-wide genetic screens and lipidomics revealed the dynamics of DoxSL accumulation and DoxSL species responsible for the toxicity over the course of DoxSL accumulation. Furthermore, we show that disruption of F-actin organization, alteration of mitochondrial shape, and accumulation of hydrophobic bodies by DoxSL are not sufficient to cause complete cellular failure. However, combined with collapsed ER membrane, these perturbations cause cell death. Thus, we have unraveled key principles of DoxSL cytotoxicity that help to explain the clinical features of HSAN IA/C.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haribowo, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megyeri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuldiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/658690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cytotoxicity of 1-deoxysphingolipid Unraveled by Genome-wide Genetic Screens and Lipidomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three-dimensional analysis of β-cell proliferation by a novel mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inducing {beta}-cell proliferation could inhibit diabetes progression. Many factors have been suggested as potential {beta}-cell mitogens, but their impact on {beta}-cell replication has not been confirmed due to the lack of a standardized {beta}-cell proliferation assay. In this study, we developed a novel method that specifically labels replicating {beta} cells and yields more reproducible results than current immunohistochemical assays. We established a mouse line expressing the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci2a) reporter only in {beta} cells through Cre-mediated recombination under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIP-Cre;Fucci2aR). Three-dimensional imaging of optically cleared pancreas tissue from these mice enabled the quantification of replicating {beta} cells in islets and morphometric analysis of islets following mitogen treatment. Intravital imaging of RIP-Cre;Fucci2aR mice revealed cell cycle progression of {beta} cells. Thus, this novel mouse line is a powerful tool for spatiotemporal analysis of {beta}-cell proliferation in response to mitogen stimulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tokumoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yabe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tatsuoka, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usui, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fauzi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botagarova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inagaki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/659904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three-dimensional analysis of β-cell proliferation by a novel mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mps1 releases Mad1 from nuclear pores to ensure a robust mitotic checkpoint and accurate chromosome segregation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The strength of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) depends on the amount of the Mad1-C-Mad2 heterotetramer at kinetochores but also on its binding to Megator/Tpr at nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) during interphase. However, the molecular underpinnings controlling the spatiotemporal redistribution of Mad1-C-Mad2 as cells progress into mitosis remain elusive. Here, we show that Mps1-mediated phosphorylation of Megator/Tpr abolishes its interaction with Mad1 in vitro and in Drosophila cells. Timely activation of Mps1 during prophase triggers Mad1 release from NPCs, which we find to be required for competent kinetochore recruitment of Mad1-C-Mad2 and robust checkpoint response. Importantly, preventing Mad1 binding to Megator/Tpr rescues the fidelity of chromosome segregation and aneuploidy in larval neuroblasts of Drosophila mps1-null mutants. Our findings demonstrate that the subcellular localization of Mad1 is stringently coordinated with cell cycle progression by kinetochore-extrinsic activity of Mps1. This ensures that both NPCs in interphase and kinetochores in mitosis can generate anaphase inhibitors to efficiently preserve genomic stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Osswald, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunha-Silva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goemann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbosa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Resende, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bange, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunkel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conde, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/659938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mps1 releases Mad1 from nuclear pores to ensure a robust mitotic checkpoint and accurate chromosome segregation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/663955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecularly distinct cores coexist inside stress granules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/663955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stress granules are membraneless organelles that form in eukaryotic cells after stress exposure. Stress granules are constituted by a stable core and a dynamic shell that establishes a liquid-liquid phase separation with the surrounding cytosol. The structure and assembly of stress granules and how different components contribute to their formation are not fully understood. Here, using super resolution and expansion microscopy, we find that the stress granule component UBAP2L and the core protein G3BP1 occupy different domains inside stress granules. Since UBAP2L displays typical properties of a core protein, our results indicate that different cores coexist inside the same granule. Consistent with a role as a core protein, UBAP2L is required for stress granule assembly in several stress conditions and reverse genetics show that it acts upstream of G3BP1. We propose a model in which UBAP2L is an essential stress granule nucleator that facilitates G3BP1 core formation and stress granule assembly and growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cirillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/663955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecularly distinct cores coexist inside stress granules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/668004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deviant EEG resting-state large-scale brain network dynamics in euthymic bipolar disorder patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/668004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundNeuroimaging studies provided evidence for disrupted resting-state functional brain network activity in bipolar disorder (BD). Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies found altered temporal characteristics of functional EEG microstates during depressive episode within different affective disorders. Here we investigated whether euthymic patients with BD show deviant resting-state large-scale brain network dynamics as reflected by altered temporal characteristics of EEG microstates.nnMethodsWe used high-density EEG to explore between-group differences in duration, coverage and occurrence of the resting-state functional EEG microstates in 17 euthymic adults with BD in on-medication state and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Two types of anxiety, state and trait, were assessed separately with scores ranging from 20 to 80.nnResultsMicrostate analysis revealed five microstates (A-E) in global clustering across all subjects. In patients compared to controls, we found increased occurrence and coverage of microstate A that did not significantly correlate with anxiety scores.nnConclusionOur results provide neurophysiological evidence for altered large-scale brain network dynamics in BD patients and suggest the increased presence of A microstate to be an electrophysiological trait characteristic of BD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Damborska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piguet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubry, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berchio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/668004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deviant EEG resting-state large-scale brain network dynamics in euthymic bipolar disorder patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mitochondrial HSP90 paralog TRAP1 forms an OXPHOS-regulated tetramer and is involved in maintaining mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe molecular chaperone TRAP1, the mitochondrial isoform of cytosolic HSP90, remains poorly understood with respect to its pivotal role in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Most studies have found it to be an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and an inducer of the Warburg phenotype of cancer cells. However, others have reported the opposite and there is no consensus on the relevant TRAP1 interactors. This calls for a more comprehensive analysis of the TRAP1 interactome and of how TRAP1 and mitochondrial metabolism mutually affect each other.nnResultsWe show that the disruption of the gene for TRAP1 in a panel of cell lines dysregulates OXPHOS by a metabolic rewiring that induces the anaplerotic utilization of glutamine metabolism to replenish TCA cycle intermediates. Restoration of wild-type levels of OXPHOS requires full-length TRAP1. Whereas the TRAP1 ATPase activity is dispensable for this function, it modulates the interactions of TRAP1 with various mitochondrial proteins. Quantitatively by far the major interactors of TRAP1 are the mitochondrial chaperones mtHSP70 and HSP60. However, we find that the most stable stoichiometric TRAP1 complex is a TRAP1 tetramer, whose levels change in response to both a decline or an increase in OXPHOS.nnConclusionsOur work provides a roadmap for further investigations of how TRAP1 and its interactors such as the ATP synthase regulate cellular energy metabolism. Our results highlight that TRAP1 function in metabolism and cancer cannot be understood without a focus on TRAP1 tetramers as potentially the most relevant functional entity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joshi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi Ghahhari, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segala, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beebe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, F. T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neckers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/679431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mitochondrial HSP90 paralog TRAP1 forms an OXPHOS-regulated tetramer and is involved in maintaining mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain functional connectivity dynamics in the aftermaths of affective and cognitive events. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroimaging studies have shown carry-over effects on brain activity and connectivity following both emotional and cognitive events, persisting even during subsequent rest. Here, we investigate the functional dynamics of such effects by identifying recurring co-activation patterns (CAPs). Using the precuneus as seed region, we compare carrying-over effects on brain-wide CAPs and their modulation after both affective and cognitive challenges. Female volunteers (n=19) underwent fMRI scanning during emotional induction with sad movie clips, and executive control tasks, each followed by resting periods. Several CAPs, overlapping the default mode, salience, attention, and social cognition networks were impacted by both the preceding events (movie or task) and their valence (neutral or negative), with differential fluctuations over time. Specifically, a modulation of CAPs in posterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortex was observed after exposure to negatively valenced emotional content and predicted changes in subjective affect. Additionally, CAPs in anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal fronto-parietal areas were induced by cognitive control in a negative, but not neutral context, and amplified by the task difficulty. These findings provide new insights on the anatomical organization and temporal inertia of intrinsic functional brain networks, engaged by transient emotions and presumably involved in subsequent adaptive homeostatic processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaviria, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolton, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/685396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain functional connectivity dynamics in the aftermaths of affective and cognitive events.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/689398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linking alpha oscillations, attention and inhibitory control in adult ADHD with EEG neurofeedback 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/689398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abnormal patterns of electrical oscillatory activity have been repeatedly described in adult ADHD. In particular, the alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz), known to be modulated during attention, has previously been considered as candidate biomarker for ADHD. In the present study, we asked adult ADHD patients to self-regulate their own alpha rhythm using neurofeedback (NFB), in order to examine the modulation of alpha oscillations on attentional performance and brain plasticity. Twenty-five adult ADHD patients and 22 healthy controls underwent a 64-channel EEG-recording at resting-state and during a Go/NoGo task, before and after a 30 min-NFB session designed to reduce (desynchronize) the power of the alpha rhythm. Alpha power was compared across conditions and groups, and the effects of NFB were statistically assessed by comparing behavioral and EEG measures pre-to-post NFB. Firstly, we found that relative alpha power was attenuated in our ADHD cohort compared to control subjects at baseline and across experimental conditions, suggesting a signature of cortical hyper-activation. Both groups demonstrated a significant and targeted reduction of alpha power during NFB. Interestingly, we observed a post-NFB increase in resting-state alpha (i.e. rebound) in the ADHD group, which restored alpha power towards levels of the normal population. Importantly, the degree of post-NFB alpha normalisation during the Go/NoGo task correlated with individual improvements in motor inhibition (i.e. reduced commission errors and slower reaction times in NoGo trials) only in the ADHD group. Overall, our findings offer novel supporting evidence implicating alpha oscillations in inhibitory control, as well as their potential role in the homeostatic regulation of cortical excitatory/inhibitory balance.nnHighlightsO_LIResting alpha power is reduced in adult ADHD suggesting cortical hyper-activationnC_LIO_LIAdult ADHD patients successfully reduce alpha power during neurofeedbacknC_LIO_LIA post-neurofeedback rebound normalizes alpha power in adult ADHDnC_LIO_LIAlpha power rebound correlates with improvement of inhibitory control in adult ADHDnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deiber, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubry, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baggio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perroud, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ros, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/689398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linking alpha oscillations, attention and inhibitory control in adult ADHD with EEG neurofeedback]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/690164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic insights into bacterial metabolic reprogramming from omics-integrated genome-scale models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/690164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the adaptive responses of individual bacterial strains is crucial for microbiome engineering approaches that introduce new functionalities into complex microbiomes, such as xenobiotic compound metabolism for soil bioremediation. Adaptation requires metabolic reprogramming of the cell, which can be captured by multi-omics, but this data remains formidably challenging to interpret and predict. Here we present a new approach that combines genome-scale metabolic modeling with transcriptomics and exometabolomics, both of which are common tools for studying dynamic population behavior. As a realistic demonstration, we developed a genome-scale model of Pseudomonas veronii 1YdBTEX2, a candidate bioaugmentation agent for accelerated metabolism of mono-aromatic compounds in soil microbiomes, while simultaneously collecting experimental data of P. veronii metabolism during growth phase transitions. Predictions of the P. veronii growth rates and specific metabolic processes from the integrated model closely matched experimental observations. We conclude that integrative and network-based analysis can help build predictive models that accurately capture bacterial adaptation responses. Further development and testing of such models may considerably improve the successful establishment of bacterial inoculants in more complex systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hadadi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiappino-Pepe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallart-Ayala, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehl, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanisevic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sentchilo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meer, J. v. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/690164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic insights into bacterial metabolic reprogramming from omics-integrated genome-scale models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/692228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular mechanism for the recognition of sequence-divergent CIF peptides by the plant receptor kinases GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/692228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants use leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) to sense sequence diverse peptide hormones at the cell surface. A 3.0 [A] crystal structure of the LRR-RK GSO1/SGN3 regulating Casparian strip formation in the endodermis reveals a large spiral-shaped ectodomain. The domain provides a binding platform for 21 amino-acid CIF peptide ligands, which are tyrosine sulfated by the tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase TPST/SGN2. GSO1/SGN3 harbors a binding pocket for sulfotyrosine and makes extended backbone interactions with CIF2. Quantitative biochemical comparisons reveal that GSO1/SGN3 - CIF2 represents one of the strongest receptor-ligand pairs known in plants. Multiple missense mutations are required to block CIF2 binding in vitro, and GSO1/SGN3 function in vivo. Using structure-guided sequence analysis we uncover novel CIF peptides conserved among higher plants. Quantitative binding assays with known and novel CIFs suggest that the homologous LRR-RKs GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2 have evolved unique peptide binding properties to control different developmental processes. A quantitative biochemical interaction screen, a CIF peptide antagonist and genetic analyses together implicate SERK LRR-RKs as essential co-receptor kinases required for GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2 receptor activation. 0ur work provides a mechanistic framework for the recognition of sequence-divergent peptide hormones in plants.nnSignificance StatementTwo sequence-related plant membrane receptor kinases and their shape-complementary co-receptors are shown to selectively sense members of a small family of secreted peptide hormones to control formation of an important diffusion barrier in the plant root.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okuda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moretti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Doblas, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geldner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/692228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular mechanism for the recognition of sequence-divergent CIF peptides by the plant receptor kinases GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700971v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nitric Oxide Mediates Neuro-Glial Interaction that Shapes Drosophila Circadian Behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700971v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drosophila circadian behavior relies on the network of heterogeneous groups of clock neurons. Short -and long-range signaling within the pacemaker circuit coordinates molecular and neural rhythms of clock neurons to generate coherent behavioral output. The neurochemistry of circadian behavior is complex and remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that the gaseous messenger nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule linking circadian pacemaker to rhythmic locomotor activity. We show that two independent mutants lacking nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have severely disturbed locomotor behavior both in light-dark cycles and constant darkness, although molecular clocks in the main pacemaker neurons are unaffected. Behavioral phenotypes are due in part to the malformation of neurites of the main pacemaker neurons, s-LNvs. Using cell-type selective and stage-specific gain -and loss-of-function of NOS, we demonstrate that NO secreted from diverse cellular clusters non-cell-autonomously affect molecular and behavioral rhythms. We further identify glia as a major source of NO that regulates circadian locomotor output. These results reveal for the first time the critical role of NO signaling in the Drosophila circadian system and highlight the importance of neuro-glial interaction in the neural circuit output.nnAuthor summaryCircadian rhythms are daily cycles of physiological and behavioral processes found in most plants and animals on our planet from cyanobacteria to humans. Circadian rhythms allow organisms to anticipate routine daily and annual changes of environmental conditions and efficiently adapt to them. Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model to study this phenomenon, as its versatile toolkit enables the study of genetic, molecular and neuronal mechanisms of rhythm generation. Here we report for the first time that gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) has a broad, multi-faceted impact on Drosophila circadian rhythms, which takes place both during the development and the adulthood. We also show that one of the important contributors of NO to circadian rhythms are glial cells. The second finding highlights that circadian rhythms of higher organisms are not simply controlled by the small number of pacemaker neurons but are generated by the system that consists of many different players, including glia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nagoshi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozlov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/700971</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nitric Oxide Mediates Neuro-Glial Interaction that Shapes Drosophila Circadian Behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/702308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Taxonomically informed scoring enhances confidence in natural products annotation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/702308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mass spectrometry (MS) hyphenated to liquid chromatography (LC)-MS offers unrivalled sensitivity for metabolite profiling of complex biological matrices encountered in natural products (NP) research. With advanced platforms LC, MS/MS spectra are acquired in an untargeted manner on most detected features. This generates massive and complex sets of spectral data that provide valuable structural information on most analytes. To interpret such datasets, computational methods are mandatory. To this extent, computerized annotation of metabolites links spectral data to candidate structures. When profiling complex extracts spectra are often organized in clusters by similarity via Molecular Networking (MN). A spectral matching score is usually established between the acquired data and experimental or theoretical spectral databases (DB). The process leads to various candidate structures for each MS features. At this stage, obtaining high annotation confidence level remains a challenge notably due to the high chemodiversity of specialized metabolomes.nnThe integration of additional information in a meta-score is a way to capture complementary experimental attributes and improve the annotation process. Here we show that integrating unambiguous taxonomic position of analyzed samples and candidate structures enhances confidence in metabolite annotation. A script is proposed to automatically input such information at various granularity levels (species, genus, and family) and weight the score obtained between experimental spectral data and output of available computational metabolite annotation tools (ISDB-DNP, MS-Finder, Sirius). In all cases, the consideration of the taxonomic distance allowed an efficient re-ranking of the candidate structures leading to a systematic enhancement of the recall and precision rates of the tools (1.5 to 7-fold increase in the F1 score). Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of considering taxonomic information in the process of specialized metabolites annotation. This requires to access structural data systematically documented with biological origin, both for new and previously reported NPs. In this respect, the establishment of an open structural DB of specialized metabolites and their associated metadata (particularly biological sources) is timely and critical for the NP research community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rutz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoue-Kubo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ollivier, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BISSON, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagheri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saesong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebrahimi, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingkaninan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfender, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/702308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Taxonomically informed scoring enhances confidence in natural products annotation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural control energy of resting-state functional brain states reveals inefficient brain dynamics in psychosis vulnerability. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703561v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How the brains white-matter anatomy constrains brain activity is an open question that might give insights into the mechanisms that underlie mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an extremely high risk for psychosis providing a test case to study developmental aspects of schizophrenia. In this study, we used principles from network control theory to probe the implications of aberrant structural connectivity for the brains functional dynamics in 22q11DS. We retrieved brain states from resting-state functional magnetic resonance images of 78 patients with 22q11DS and 85 healthy controls. Then, we compared them in terms of persistence control energy; i.e., the control energy that would be required to persist in each of these states based on individual structural connectivity and a dynamic model. Persistence control energy was altered in a broad pattern of brain states including both energetically more demanding and less demanding brain states in 22q11DS. Further, we found a negative relationship between persistence control energy and resting-state activation time, which suggests that the brain reduces energy by spending less time in energetically demanding brain states. In patients with 22q11DS, this behavior was less pronounced, suggesting a dynamic inefficiency of brain function in the disease. In summary, our results provide initial insights into the dynamic implications of altered structural connectivity in 22q11DS, which might improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zoeller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/703561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural control energy of resting-state functional brain states reveals inefficient brain dynamics in psychosis vulnerability.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/706127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergent changes in gene expression associated with repeated transitions between hummingbird and bee pollinated flowers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/706127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The repeated evolution of convergent floral shapes and colors in angiosperms has been largely interpreted as the response to pollinator-mediated selection to maximize attraction and efficiency of specific groups of pollinators. The genetic mechanisms contributing to certain flower traits have been studied in detail for model system species, but the extent by which flowers are free to vary and how predictable are the genetic changes underlying flower adaptation to pollinator shifts still remain largely unknown.nnHere, we aimed at detecting the genetic basis of the repeated evolution of flower phenotypes associated with pollinator shifts. We assembled and compared de novo transcriptomes of three phylogenetic independent pairs of Gesneriaceae species, each with contrasting flower phenotype adapted to either bee or hummingbird pollination. We assembled and analyzed a total of 14,059 genes and we showed that changes in expression in 550 of them was associated with the pollination syndromes. Among those, we observed genes with function linked to floral color, scent, shape and symmetry, as well as nectar composition. These genes represent candidates genes involved in the build-up of the convergent floral phenotypes.nnThis study provides the first insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the repeated evolution of pollination syndromes. Although the presence of additional lineage-specific responses cannot be excluded, these results suggest that the convergent evolution of genes expression is involved in the convergent build-up of the pollination syndromes. Future studies aiming to directly manipulate certain genes will integrate our knowledge on the key genes for floral transitions and the pace of floral evolution.nnData availabilityRaw Illumina reads will be available in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) in NCBI database. The assembled transcriptomes and their annotation will by available in DRYAD repository. Details and accession ID will be provided at the time of the manuscript acceptance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serrano-Serrano, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcionetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perret, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salamin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/706127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergent changes in gene expression associated with repeated transitions between hummingbird and bee pollinated flowers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/706283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural correlates of the DMT experience as assessed via multivariate EEG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/706283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studying transitions in and out of the altered state of consciousness caused by intravenous (IV) N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT - a fast-acting tryptamine psychedelic) offers a safe and powerful means of advancing knowledge on the neurobiology of conscious states. Here we sought to investigate the effects of IV DMT on the power spectrum and signal diversity of human brain activity (6 female, 7 male) recorded via multivariate EEG, and plot relationships between subjective experience, brain activity and drug plasma concentrations across time. Compared with placebo, DMT markedly reduced oscillatory power in the alpha and beta bands and robustly increased spontaneous signal diversity. Time-referenced analyses revealed close relationships between changes in various aspects of subjective experience and changes in brain activity. Importantly, the emergence of oscillatory activity within the delta and theta frequency bands was found to correlate with the peak of the experience, and particularly its eyes-closed visual component. These findings highlight marked changes in oscillatory activity and signal diversity with DMT that parallel broad and specific components of the relevant subjective experience and thus further our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of immersive states of consciousness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Timmermann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roseman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schartner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milliere, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erritzoe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muthukumaraswamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendrioua, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leech, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nutt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carhart-Harris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/706283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural correlates of the DMT experience as assessed via multivariate EEG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anisotropic ESCRT-III architecture governs helical membrane tube formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ESCRT-III proteins assemble into ubiquitous membrane-remodeling polymers during many cellular processes. Here we describe the structure of helical membrane tubes that are scaffolded by bundled ESCRT-III filaments. Cryo-ET reveals how the shape of the helical membrane tube arises from the assembly of distinct bundles of protein filaments that bind the membrane with different mean curvatures. Cryo-EM reveals how one of these ESCRT-III filaments engages the membrane tube through a novel interface. Mathematical modeling of the helical membrane tube suggests how its shape emerges from differences in membrane binding energy, positional rigidity, and membrane tension. Altogether, our findings support a model in which increasing the rigidity of ESCRT-III filaments through the assembly of multi-strands triggers buckling of the membrane.nnOne Sentence SummaryESCRT-III heteropolymers deform membranes into helical tubes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moser von Filseck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barberi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talledge, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/716308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anisotropic ESCRT-III architecture governs helical membrane tube formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leveraging biobank-scale rare and common variant analyses to identify ASPHD1 as the main driver of reproductive traits in the 16p11.2 locus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whereas genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allowed identifying thousands of associations between variants and traits, their success rate in pinpointing causal genes has been disproportionately low. Here, we integrate biobank-scale phenotype data from carriers of a rare copy-number variant (CNV), Mendelian randomization and animal modeling to identify causative genes in a GWAS locus for age at menarche (AaM). We show that the dosage of the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 interval is correlated positively with AaM in the UK and Estonian biobanks and 16p11.2 clinical cohorts, with a directionally consistent trend for pubertal onset in males. These correlations parallel an increase in reproductive tract disorders in both sexes. In support of these observations, 16p11.2 mouse models display perturbed pubertal onset and structurally altered reproductive organs that track with CNV dose. Further, we report a negative correlation between the 16p11.2 dosage and relative hypothalamic volume in both humans and mice, intimating a perturbation in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) axis. Two independent lines of evidence identified candidate causal genes for AaM; Mendelian randomization and agnostic dosage modulation of each 16p11.2 gene in zebrafish gnrh3:egfp models. ASPHD1, expressed predominantly in brain and pituitary gland, emerged as a major phenotype driver; and it is subject to modulation by KCTD13 to exacerbate GnRH neuron phenotype. Together, our data highlight the power of an interdisciplinary approach to elucidate disease etiologies underlying complex traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Männik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbogast, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepamets, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ademi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kupchinsky, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellegood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attanasio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Brevet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubruc, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chrast, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerch, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laisk, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The 16p11.2 European Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Simons VIP Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The eQTLGen Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henkelman, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquemont, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herault, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindgren, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stehle, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsanis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutalik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draganski, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mägi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/716415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leveraging biobank-scale rare and common variant analyses to identify ASPHD1 as the main driver of reproductive traits in the 16p11.2 locus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/718080v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vps4 triggers sequential subunit exchange in ESCRT-III polymers that drives membrane constriction and fission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/718080v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ESCRT-III is a ubiquitous complex which catalyzes membrane fission from within membrane necks via an as yet unknown mechanism. Here, we reconstituted in vitro the ESCRT-III complex onto membranes. We show that based on variable affinities between ESCRT-III proteins and the ATPase Vps4, subunits are recruited to the membrane in a Vps4-driven sequence that starts with Snf7 and ends with Did2 and Ist1 which, together, form a fission-active subcomplex. Sequential recruitment of ESCRT-III subunits is coupled to membrane remodeling. Binding of Did2 promoted the formation of membrane protrusions which later constricted and underwent fission mediated by the recruitment of Ist1. Overall, our results provide a mechanism to explain how a sequence of ESCRT-III subunits drives membrane deformation and fission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pfitzner, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/718080</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vps4 triggers sequential subunit exchange in ESCRT-III polymers that drives membrane constriction and fission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/723791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Salivary gland macrophages assist tissue-resident CD8+ T cell immune surveillance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/723791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue macrophages and tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) play important roles for pathogen sensing and rapid protection of barrier tissues. To date, it is incompletely understood how these two cell types cooperate for efficient organ surveillance during homeostasis. Here, we used intravital imaging to show that TRM dynamically crawled along tissue macrophages in murine submandibular salivary glands (SMG) during the memory phase following a viral infection. Ex vivo confined SMG TRM integrated an unexpectedly wide range of migration modes: in addition to chemokine-and adhesion receptor-driven motility, SMG TRM displayed a remarkable capacity of autonomous motility in the absence of chemoattractants and adhesive ligands. This unique intrinsic SMG TRM motility was transmitted by friction and adaptation to microenvironmental topography through protrusion insertion into permissive gaps. Analysis of extracellular space in SMG using super-resolution shadow imaging showed discontinuous attachment of tissue macrophages to neighboring epithelial cells, offering paths of least resistance for patrolling TRM. Upon tissue macrophage depletion, intraepithelial SMG TRM showed decreased motility and reduced epithelial crossing events, and failed to cluster in response to local inflammatory chemokine stimuli. In sum, our data uncover a continuum of SMG TRM migration modes and identify a new accessory function of tissue macrophages to facilitate TRM patrolling of the complex exocrine gland architecture.nnOne sentence summaryCombined in vitro and in vivo imaging of salivary gland-resident tissue memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) uncovers their unique migratory behavior and describes a novel accessory function of tissue macrophages to assist TRM surveillance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stolp, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thelen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ficht, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altenburger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruef, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inavalli, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moalli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raimondi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keyser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barone, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dettmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iannacone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlapbach, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fackler, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naegerl, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/723791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Salivary gland macrophages assist tissue-resident CD8+ T cell immune surveillance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/726760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myelin and nodal plasticity modulate action potential conduction in the adult mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/726760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Central nervous system myelination increases action potential conduction velocity, however, it is unclear how myelination is coordinated to ensure the temporally precise arrival of action potentials, and facilitate information processing within cortical and associative circuits. Here, we show that mature myelin remains plastic in the adult mouse brain and can undergo subtle structural modifications to influence action potential arrival times. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and spatial learning, two stimuli that modify neuronal activity, alter the length of the nodes of Ranvier and the size of the periaxonal space within active brain regions. This change in the axon-glial configuration is independent of oligodendrogenesis and tunes conduction velocity to increase the synchronicity of action potential transit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cullen, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pepper, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clutterbuck, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitman, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oorschot, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auderset, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramm, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emery, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolivet, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/726760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myelin and nodal plasticity modulate action potential conduction in the adult mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/728725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motor improvement estimation and task adaptation for personalized robot-aided therapy: a feasibility study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/728725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIn the past years, robotic systems have become increasingly popular in both upper and lower limb rehabilitation. Nevertheless, clinical studies have so far not been able to confirm superior efficacy of robotic therapy over conventional methods. The personalization of robot-aided therapy according to the patients individual motor deficits has been suggested as a pivotal step to improve the clinical outcome of such approaches.nnMethodsHere, we present a model-based approach to personalize robot-aided rehabilitation therapy within training sessions. The proposed method combines the information from different motor performance measures recorded from the robot to continuously estimate patients motor improvement for a series of point-to-point reaching movements in different directions and comprises a personalization routine to automatically adapt the rehabilitation training. We engineered our approach using an upper limb exoskeleton and tested it with seventeen healthy subjects, who underwent a motor-adaptation paradigm, and two subacute stroke patients, exhibiting different degrees of motor impairment, who participated in a pilot test.nnResultsThe experiments illustrated the models capability to differentiate distinct motor improvement progressions among subjects and subtasks. The model suggested personalized training schedules based on motor improvement estimations for each movement in different directions. Patients motor performances were retained when training movements were reintroduced at a later stage.nnConclusionsOur results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed model-based approach for the personalization of robot-aided rehabilitation therapy. The pilot test with two subacute stroke patients further supported our approach, while providing auspicious results for the applicability in clinical settings.nnTrial registrationThis study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02770300, registered 30 March 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02770300).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirondini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinany, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierella, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panarese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coscia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miehlbradt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggisberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/728725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motor improvement estimation and task adaptation for personalized robot-aided therapy: a feasibility study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/730002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Converging intracortical signatures of two separated processing timescales in human early auditory cortex. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/730002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural oscillations in auditory cortex are argued to support parsing and representing speech constituents at their corresponding temporal scales. Yet, how incoming sensory information interacts with ongoing spontaneous brain activity, what features of the neuronal microcircuitry underlie spontaneous and stimulus-evoked spectral fingerprints, and what these fingerprints entail for stimulus encoding, remain largely open questions. We used a combination of human invasive electrophysiology, computational modeling and decoding techniques to assess the information encoding properties of brain activity and to relate them to a plausible underlying neuronal microarchitecture. We analyzed intracortical auditory EEG activity from 10 patients while they were listening to short sentences. Pre-stimulus neural activity in early auditory cortical regions often exhibited power spectra with a shoulder in the delta range and a small bump in the beta range. Speech decreased power in the beta range, and increased power in the delta-theta and gamma ranges. Using multivariate machine learning techniques, we assessed the spectral profile of information content for two aspects of speech processing: detection and discrimination. We obtained better phase than power information decoding, and a bimodal spectral profile of information content with better decoding at low (delta-theta) and high (gamma) frequencies than at intermediate (beta) frequencies. These experimental data were reproduced by a simple rate model made of two subnetworks with different timescales, each composed of coupled excitatory and inhibitory units, and connected via a negative feedback loop. Modeling and experimental results were similar in terms of pre-stimulus spectral profile (except for the iEEG beta bump), spectral modulations with speech, and spectral profile of information content. Altogether, we provide converging evidence from both univariate spectral analysis and decoding approaches for a dual timescale processing infrastructure in human auditory cortex, and show that it is consistent with the dynamics of a simple rate model.nnAuthor summaryLike most animal vocalizations, speech results from a pseudo-rhythmic process that reflects the convergence of motor and auditory neural substrates and the natural resonance properties of the vocal apparatus towards efficient communication. Here, we leverage the excellent temporal and spatial resolution of intracranial EEG to demonstrate that neural activity in human early auditory cortical areas during speech perception exhibits a dual-scale spectral profile of power changes, with speech increasing power in low (delta-theta) and high (gamma - high-gamma) frequency ranges, while decreasing power in intermediate (alpha-beta) frequencies. Single-trial multivariate decoding also resulted in a bimodal spectral profile of information content, with better decoding at low and high frequencies than at intermediate ones. From both spectral and informational perspectives, these patterns are consistent with the activity of a relatively simple computational model comprising two reciprocally connected excitatory/inhibitory sub-networks operating at different (low and high) timescales. By combining experimental, decoding and modeling approaches, we provide consistent evidence for the existence, information coding value and underlying neuronal architecture of dual timescale processing in human auditory cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baroni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morillon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trebuchon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liegeois-Chauvel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olasagasti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/730002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Converging intracortical signatures of two separated processing timescales in human early auditory cortex.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/730879v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conidial melanin of the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus disrupts cell autonomous defenses in amoebae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/730879v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous saprophyte that causes fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals. Following inhalation, conidia are ingested by innate immune cells and can arrest phagolysosome maturation. How such general virulence traits could have been selected for in natural environments is unknown. Here, we used the model amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to follow the antagonistic interaction of A. fumigatus conidia with environmental phagocytes in real time. We found that conidia covered with the green pigment 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-(DHN)-melanin were internalized at far lower rates when compared to those lacking the pigment, despite high rates of initial attachment. Immediately after uptake of the fungal conidia, nascent phagosomes were formed through sequential membrane fusion and fission events. Using single-cell assays supported by a computational model integrating the differential dynamics of internalization and phagolysosome maturation, we could show that acidification of phagolysosomes was transient and was followed by neutralization and, finally, exocytosis of the conidium. For unpigmented conidia, the cycle was completed in less than 1 h, while the process was delayed for conidia covered with DHN-melanin. At later stages of infection, damage to infected phagocytes triggered the ESCRT membrane repair machinery, whose recruitment was also attenuated by DHN-melanin, favoring prolonged persistence and the establishment of an intracellular germination niche in this environmental phagocyte. Increased exposure of DHN-melanin on the conidial surface also improved fungal survival when confronted with the fungivorous predator Protostelium aurantium, demonstrating its universal antiphagocytic properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferling, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/730879</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conidial melanin of the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus disrupts cell autonomous defenses in amoebae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/732644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intersecting vulnerabilities: Climatic and demographic contributions to future population exposure to Aedes-borne viruses in the United States 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/732644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how climate change and demographic factors may shape future population exposure to viruses such as Zika, dengue, or chikungunya, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes is essential to improving public health preparedness. In this study, we combine projections of cumulative monthly Aedes-borne virus transmission risk with spatially explicit population projections for vulnerable demographic groups (age and economic factors) to explore future county-level population exposure across the conterminous United States. We employ a scenario matrix - combinations of climate and socioeconomic scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways) - to assess the full range of uncertainty in emissions, socioeconomic development, and demographic change. Human exposure is projected to increase under most scenarios, up to +177% at the national scale in 2080 relative to 2010. Projected exposure changes are predominantly driven by population changes in vulnerable demographic groups, although climate change is also important, particularly in the western region where future exposure may decrease by >30% under the strongest climate change mitigation scenario. The results emphasize the crucial role that socioeconomic and demographic change play in shaping future population vulnerability and exposure to Aedes-borne virus transmission risk in the United States, and underscore the importance of including socioeconomic scenarios in projections of climate-related vector-borne disease impacts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rohat, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monaghan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayden, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelmi, O. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/732644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intersecting vulnerabilities: Climatic and demographic contributions to future population exposure to Aedes-borne viruses in the United States]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/733444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MCF2 is linked to a complex perisylvian syndrome and affects cortical lamination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/733444v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The combination of congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome (CBPS) with lower motor neuron dysfunction is unusual and suggests a potential common genetic insult affecting basic neurodevelopmental processes. Here we identify a putatively pathogenic missense mutation in the MCF2 gene in a boy with CBPS. Using in utero electroporation to genetically manipulate cortical neurons during corticogenesis, we demonstrate that the mouse Mcf2 gene controls the embryonic migration of cortical projection neurons. Strikingly, we find that the CBPS-associated MCF2 mutation impairs cortical laminar positioning, supporting the hypothesis that alterations in the process of embryonic neuronal migration can lead to rare cases of CBPS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Molinard-Chenu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fluss, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guipponi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/733444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MCF2 is linked to a complex perisylvian syndrome and affects cortical lamination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/735340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Superior Colliculus to VTA pathway controls orienting behavior during conspecific interaction. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/735340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social behaviours characterize cooperative, mutualistic aggressive or parental interactions that occurs among conspecifics. Although several neuronal substrates of social behaviour have been identified, whether defined circuits are dedicated to specific aspect of conspecific interaction is still an open question. Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) contributes to the rewarding properties of conspecific interaction. However, how information related to conspecifics are conveyed to the VTA is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified a population of Superior Colliculus (SC) neurons projecting to the VTA which increase their activity before conspecific interaction and control orienting response towards unfamiliar conspecifics. Finally, we show that SC inputs target a subpopulation of Dopamine (DA) neurons within the VTA that in turn project to dorsolateral striatum (DLS). Our work supports the hypothesis that specialized sub-circuits are dedicated to process different aspect of social interaction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevost-Solie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contestaile, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musardo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bariselli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/735340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Superior Colliculus to VTA pathway controls orienting behavior during conspecific interaction.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/736868v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Carbonic anhydrase VII regulates dendritic spine morphology and density via actin filament bundling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/736868v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracellular pH is a potent modulator of neuronal functions. By catalyzing (de)hydration of CO2, intracellular carbonic anhydrase (CAi) isoforms CAII and CAVII contribute to neuronal pH buffering and dynamics. The presence of two highly active isoforms suggests that they form spatially distinct CAi pools enabling subcellular modulation of pH. Here we show that CAVII, unlike CAII, is localized to the filamentous actin network, and its overexpression induces formation of thick actin bundles and membrane protrusions in fibroblasts. In neurons, CAVII is enriched in dendritic spines, and its over-expression causes aberrant spine morphology. We identified amino acids unique to CAVII that are required for direct actin interactions, promoting actin filament bundling and spine targeting. Lack of CAVII in neocortical neurons leads to reduced spine density and increased proportion of small spines. Thus, our work demonstrates highly distinct subcellular expression patterns of CAII and CAVII, and a novel, structural role of CAVII.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bertling, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaesse, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seja, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremneva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gateva, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virtanen, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Summanen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spoljaric, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaesse, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paavilainen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vutskits, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaila, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hotulainen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruusuvuori, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/736868</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Carbonic anhydrase VII regulates dendritic spine morphology and density via actin filament bundling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/737528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATLAS: a Snakemake workflow for assembly, annotation, and genomic binning of metagenome sequence data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/737528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMetagenomics and metatranscriptomics studies provide valuable insight into the composition and function of microbial populations from diverse environments, however the data processing pipelines that rely on mapping reads to gene catalogs or genome databases for cultured strains yield results that underrepresent the genes and functional potential of uncultured microbes. Recent improvements in sequence assembly methods have eased the reliance on genome databases, thereby allowing the recovery of genomes from uncultured microbes. However, configuring these tools, linking them with advanced binning and annotation tools, and maintaining provenance of the processing continues to be challenging for researchers.nnResultsHere we present ATLAS, a software package for customizable data processing from raw sequence reads to functional and taxonomic annotations using state-of-the-art tools to assemble, annotate, quantify, and bin metagenome and metatranscriptome data. Genome-centric resolution and abundance estimates are provided for each sample in a dataset. ATLAS is written in Python and the workflow implemented in Snakemake; it operates in a Linux environment, and is compatible with Python 3.5+ and Anaconda 3+ versions. The source code for ATLAS is freely available, distributed under a BSD-3 license.nnConclusionATLAS provides a user-friendly, modular and customizable Snakemake workflow for metagenome and metatranscriptome data processing; it is easily installable with conda and maintained as open-source on GitHub at https://github.com/metagenome-atlas/atlas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kieser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajkovski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/737528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATLAS: a Snakemake workflow for assembly, annotation, and genomic binning of metagenome sequence data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/738328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fork Pausing Complex Engages Topoisomerases at the Replisome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/738328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication forks temporarily or terminally pause at hundreds of hard-to-replicate regions around the genome. A conserved pair of budding yeast replisome components Tof1-Csm3 (fission yeast Swi1-Swi3 and human TIMELESS-TIPIN) acts as a  molecular brake and promotes fork slowdown at proteinaceous replication fork barriers (RFBs), while the accessory helicase Rrm3 assists the replisome in removing protein obstacles. Here we show that Tof1-Csm3 complex promotes fork pausing independently of Rrm3 helicase by recruiting topoisomerase I (Top1) to the replisome. Topoisomerase II (Top2) partially compensates for the pausing decrease in cells when Top1 is lost from the replisome. The C-terminus of Tof1 is specifically required for Top1 recruitment to the replisome and fork pausing but not for DNA replication checkpoint (DRC) activation. We propose that forks pause at proteinaceous RFBs through a  sTOP mechanism ( slowing down with TOPoisomerases I-II), which we show also contributes to protecting cells from topoisomerase-blocking agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shyian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zupan, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanitsa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charbonnet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/738328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fork Pausing Complex Engages Topoisomerases at the Replisome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/739516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial cell cycle and growth phase switch by the essential transcriptional regulator CtrA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/739516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many bacteria acquire dissemination and virulence traits in G1-phase. CtrA, an essential and conserved cell cycle transcriptional regulator identified in the dimorphic alpha-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus, first activates promoters in late S-phase and then mysteriously switches to different target promoters in G1-phase. We uncovered a highly conserved determinant in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of CtrA uncoupling this promoter switch. We also show that it reprograms CtrA occupancy in stationary cells inducing a (p)ppGpp alarmone signal perceived by the RNA polymerase beta subunit. A simple side chain modification in a critical residue within the core DBD imposes opposing developmental phenotypes and transcriptional activities of CtrA. A naturally occurring polymorphism in the rickettsial DBD resembles a mutation that drives CtrA towards activation of the dispersal (G1-phase) program in Caulobacter. Hence, we propose that this determinant dictates promoter reprogramming during the growth transition of obligate intracellular rickettsia differentiating from replicative cells into dispersal cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delaby, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/739516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial cell cycle and growth phase switch by the essential transcriptional regulator CtrA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/741363v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bypass of an epigenetic S-phase transcriptional module by convergent nutrient stress signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/741363v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The signals feeding into bacterial S-phase transcription are poorly understood. Cellular cycling in the alpha-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus is driven by a complex circuit of at least three transcriptional modules that direct sequential promoter firing during the G1, early and late S cell cycle phases. In alpha-proteobacteria, the transcriptional regulator GcrA and the CcrM methyltransferase epigenetically activate promoters of cell division and polarity genes that fire in S-phase. By evolving Caulobacter crescentus cells to cycle and differentiate in the absence of the GcrA/CcrM module, we discovered that phosphate deprivation and (p)ppGpp alarmone stress signals converge on S-phase transcriptional activation. The cell cycle oscillations of the CtrA protein, the transcriptional regulator that implements G1 and late S-phase transcription, are essential in our evolved mutants, but not in wild-type cells, showing that the periodicity in CtrA abundance alone can sustain cellular cycling without GcrA/CcrM. While similar nutritional sensing occurs in other alpha-proteobacteria, GcrA and CcrM are not encoded in the reduced genomes of obligate intracellular relatives. We thus propose that the nutritional stress response induced during intracellular growth obviated the need for an S-phase transcriptional regulator.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DELABY, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PANIS, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FUMEAUX, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DEGEORGES, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VIOLLIER, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/741363</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bypass of an epigenetic S-phase transcriptional module by convergent nutrient stress signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/741512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared Genetic Risk between Eating Disorder- and Substance-Use-Related Phenotypes: Evidence from Genome-Wide Association Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/741512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based=0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge-eating, AN without binge-eating, and a BN factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Total sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2,400 to ~537,000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (rg=0.18; false discovery rate q=0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (rg=0.23; q<0.0001), and cannabis initiation and AN with binge-eating (rg=0.27; q=0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three non-diagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge-eating (rgs=-0.19 to -0.23; qs<0.04). The genetic correlation between AUD and AN was no longer significant after co-varying for MDD loci. The patterns of association between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes highlights the potentially complex and substance-specific relationships between these behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munn-Chernoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornton, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medland, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspar, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryois, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinney, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leppa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattheisen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ripke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giusti-Rodriguez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanscombe, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alredsson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrettini, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehm, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boraska Perica, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buehren, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burghardt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clementi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowley, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danner, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zwaan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedoussis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degortes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSocio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/741512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared Genetic Risk between Eating Disorder- and Substance-Use-Related Phenotypes: Evidence from Genome-Wide Association Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Traction forces control cell-edge dynamics and mediate distance-sensitivity during cell polarization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traction forces are generated by cellular actin-myosin system and transmitted to the environment through adhesions. They are believed to drive cell motion, shape changes, and extracellular matrix remodeling [1-3]. However, most of the traction force analysis has been performed on stationary cells, investigating forces at the level of individual focal adhesions or linking them to static cell parameters such as area and edge curvature [4-10]. It is not well understood how traction forces are related to shape changes and motion, e.g. forces were reported to either increase or drop prior to cell retraction [11-15]. Here, we analyze the dynamics of traction forces during the protrusion-retraction cycle of polarizing fish epidermal keratocytes and find that forces fluctuate in concert with the cycle, increasing during the protrusion phase and reaching maximum at the beginning of retraction. We relate force dynamics to the recently discovered phenomenological rule [16] that governs cell edge behavior during keratocyte polarization: both traction forces and the probability of switch from protrusion to retraction increase with the distance from the cell center. Diminishing traction forces with cell contractility inhibitor leads to decreased edge fluctuations and abnormal polarization, while externally applied force can induce protrusion-retraction switch. These results suggest that forces mediate distance-sensitivity of the edge dynamics and ultimately organize cell-edge behavior leading to spontaneous polarization. Actin flow rate did not exhibit the same distance-dependence as traction stress, arguing against its role in organizing edge dynamics. Finally, using a simple model of actin-myosin network, we show that force-distance relationship may be an emergent feature of such networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Messi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bornert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raynaud, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verkhovsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/745687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Traction forces control cell-edge dynamics and mediate distance-sensitivity during cell polarization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747055v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial RNA granules are fluid condensates, positioned by membrane dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747055v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria contain the genetic information and expression machinery to produce proteins essential for cellular respiration. Within the mitochondrial matrix, newly synthesized RNA, RNA processing proteins, and mitoribosome assembly factors are known to form punctate subcompartments referred to as mitochondrial RNA granules (MRGs) 1-3. Despite their proposed role in regulating gene expression, little is known about the structural and dynamic properties of MRGs. We investigated the organization of MRGs using fluorescence super-resolution localization microscopy and correlative electron microscopy techniques, obtaining ultrastructural details of their internal architecture. We find that MRGs are organized into nanoscale RNA cores surrounded by a protein shell. Using live-cell super-resolution structured illumination microscopy and photobleaching perturbations, we reveal that MRGs undergo fusion and rapidly exchange components, consistent with liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Furthermore, MRGs associate with the inner mitochondrial membrane and their fusion coincides with membrane remodeling. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission leads to an aberrant distribution of MRGs into concentrated pockets, where they remain as distinct individual units despite their close apposition. Together, our results reveal a role for LLPS in concentrating RNA and its processing proteins into MRGs, which are positioned along mitochondria by membrane dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaganelli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuillery, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinou, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/747055</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial RNA granules are fluid condensates, positioned by membrane dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals temporal dynamics of critical regulators of germ cell fate during mouse sex determination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the importance of germ cell (GC) differentiation for sexual reproduction, the gene networks underlying their fate remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively characterize the gene expression dynamics during sex determination based on single-cell RNA sequencing of 14,914 XX and XY mouse GCs between embryonic days (E) 9.0 and 16.5. We found that XX and XY GCs diverge transcriptionally as early as E11.5 with upregulation of genes downstream of the Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and Nodal/Activin pathways in XY and XX GCs, respectively. We also identified a sex-specific upregulation of genes associated with negative regulation of mRNA processing and an increase in intron retention consistent with a reduction in mRNA splicing in XY testicular GCs by E13.5. Using computational gene regulation network inference analysis, we identified sex-specific, sequential waves of putative key regulator genes during GC differentiation and revealed that the meiotic genes are regulated by positive and negative master modules acting in an antagonistic fashion. Finally, we found that rare adrenal GCs enter meiosis similarly to ovarian GCs but display altered expression of master genes controlling the female and male genetic programs, indicating that the somatic environment is important for GC function. Our data is available on a web platform and provides a molecular roadmap of GC sex determination at single-cell resolution, which will serve as a valuable resource for future studies of gonad development, function and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mayere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neirijnck, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sararols, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevant, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kühne, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chassot, A.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaboissier, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/747279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptomics reveals temporal dynamics of critical regulators of germ cell fate during mouse sex determination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/754721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A key role for phosphorylation of PsbH in the biogenesis and repair of photosystem II in Chlamydomonas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/754721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphorylation of the core subunits of photosystem II (PSII) is largely governed by a protein kinase and an antagonistic protein phosphatase. In plants the respective mutants show alterations in the architecture of thylakoid membranes and in the repair of PSII after photo-inhibition. However the protein kinase targets several subunits of PSII, as well as other proteins. To specifically investigate the role of phosphorylation of the different PSII subunits, we used site-directed mutagenesis and chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Major, evolutionarily-conserved sites of phosphorylation in three components of PSII (CP43, D2 and PsbH) were mutated to replace the corresponding serine or threonine residues with alanine. The alanine substitution mutant of D2 had no apparent phenotype, while the mutant of CP43 presented a minor delay in recovery from photo-inhibition. Alanine substitutions of the phosphorylation sites in PsbH had significant effects on the accumulation of PSII or on its recovery from photo-inhibition. When mutations in two of the target subunits were combined through a second cycle of chloroplast transformation, the strongest phenotype was observed in the mutant lacking phosphorylation of both PsbH and CP43, which showed delayed recovery from photo-inhibition. Surprisingly this phenotype was reversed in the mutant defective for phosphorylation of all three subunits. Our analysis indicates a prominent role for the N-terminus of PsbH in the stable accumulation of PSII and of PsbH phosphorylation in its repair cycle.nnSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo specifically investigate the role of PSII phosphorylation, alanine-substitution mutants of the major phospho-sites in the subunits of PSII were generated individually or in combinations using chloroplast transformation. PSII assembly was defective in some of the PsbH mutants. PSII repair after photo-inhibition was delayed most strongly in the mutant lacking phosphorylation of both PsbC (CP43) and PsbH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riche, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre-Legendre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldschmidt-Clermont, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/754721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A key role for phosphorylation of PsbH in the biogenesis and repair of photosystem II in Chlamydomonas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/754838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three-dimensional chromatin interactions remain stable upon CAG/CTG repeat expansion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/754838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expanded CAG/CTG repeats underlie thirteen neurological disorders, including myotonic dystrophy (DM1) and Huntingtons disease (HD). Upon expansion, CAG/CTG repeat loci acquire heterochromatic characteristics. This observation raises the hypothesis that repeat expansion provokes changes to higher order chromatin folding and thereby affects both gene expression in cis and the genetic instability of the repeat tract. Here we tested this hypothesis directly by performing 4C sequencing at the DMPK and HTT loci from DM1 and HD patient-derived cells. Surprisingly, chromatin contacts remain unchanged upon repeat expansion at both loci. This was true for loci with different DNA methylation levels and CTCF binding. Repeat sizes ranging from 15 to 1,700 displayed strikingly similar chromatin interaction profiles. Our findings argue that extensive changes in heterochromatic properties are not enough to alter chromatin folding at expanded CAG/CTG repeat loci. Moreover, the ectopic insertion of an expanded repeat tract did not change three-dimensional chromatin contacts. We conclude that expanded CAG/CTG repeats have little to no effect on chromatin conformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruiz Buendia, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leleu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marzetta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanzan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murr, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baubec, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xenarios, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dion, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/754838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three-dimensional chromatin interactions remain stable upon CAG/CTG repeat expansion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/756841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical genetics of AGC-kinases reveals shared targets of Ypk1, Protein Kinase A and Sch9 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/756841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein phosphorylation cascades play a central role in the regulation of cell growth and protein kinases PKA, Sch9 and Ypk1 take centre stage in regulating this process in S. cerevisiae. To understand how these kinases co-ordinately regulate cellular functions we compared the phospho-proteome of exponentially growing cells without and with acute chemical inhibition of PKA, Sch9 and Ypk1. Sites hypo-phosphorylated upon PKA and Sch9 inhibition were preferentially located in RRxS/T-motifs suggesting that many are directly phosphorylated by these enzymes. Interestingly, when inhibiting Ypk1 we not only detected several hypo-phosphorylated sites in the previously reported RxRxxS/T-, but also in an RRxS/T-motif. Validation experiments revealed that neutral trehalase Nth1, a known PKA target, is additionally phosphorylated and activated downstream of Ypk1. Signalling through Ypk1 is therefore more closely related to PKA- and Sch9-signalling than previously appreciated and may perform functions previously only attributed to the latter kinases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Plank, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perepelkina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saarbach, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haesendonckx, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winssinger, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aebersold, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/756841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical genetics of AGC-kinases reveals shared targets of Ypk1, Protein Kinase A and Sch9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/758193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Localized calcium accumulations prime synapses for phagocyte removal in cortical neuroinflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/758193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical pathology contributes to chronic cognitive impairment of patients suffering from the neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). How such gray matter inflammation affects neuronal structure and function is not well understood. Here we use functional and structural in vivo imaging in a mouse model of cortical MS to demonstrate that bouts of cortical inflammation disrupt cortical circuit activity coincident with a widespread but transient loss of dendritic spines. Spines destined for removal show a local calcium accumulation and are subsequently removed by invading macrophages and activated microglia. Targeting phagocyte activation with a new antagonist of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor prevents cortical synapse loss. Overall, our study identifies synapse loss as a key pathological feature of inflammatory gray matter lesions that is amenable to immunomodulatory therapy.nnHIGHLIGHTSO_LIWidespread, but transient loss of synapses in inflammatory lesions and beyondnC_LIO_LIReversible impairment of neuronal firing and circuit function in the inflamed cortexnC_LIO_LICalcium dyshomeostasis of single spines precedes swift synapse lossnC_LIO_LIPhagocyte-mediated spine pruning as targetable mechanism of synapse lossnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jafari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snaidero, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neziraj, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullrich Gavilanes, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jürgens, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florez Weidinger, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodworth, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ofengeim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gans, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreutzfeldt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portugues, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misgeld, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerschensteiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/758193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Localized calcium accumulations prime synapses for phagocyte removal in cortical neuroinflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/763748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-ordinated Ras and Rac activity shapes macropinocytic cups and enables phagocytosis of geometrically diverse bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/763748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Engulfment of extracellular material by phagocytosis or macropinocytosis depends on the ability of cells to generate specialised cup shaped protrusions. To effectively capture and internalise their targets, these cups are organised into a ring or ruffle of actin-driven protrusion encircling a non-protrusive interior domain. These functional domains depend on the combined activities of multiple Ras and Rho family small GTPases, but how their activities are integrated and differentially regulated over space and time is unknown. Here, we show that the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum coordinates Ras and Rac activity using the multidomain protein RGBARG (RCC1, RhoGEF, BAR and RasGAP-containing protein). We find RGBARG uses a tripartite mechanism of Ras, Rac and phospholipid interactions to localise at the protruding edge and interface with the interior of both macropinocytic and phagocytic cups. There, RGBARG shapes the protrusion by driving Rac activation at the rim whilst suppressing expansion of the active Ras interior domain. Consequently, cells lacking RGBARG form enlarged, flat interior domains unable to generate large macropinosomes. During phagocytosis, we find that disruption of RGBARG causes a geometry-specific defect in engulfing rod-shaped bacteria and ellipsoidal beads. This demonstrates the importance of co-ordinating small GTPase activities during engulfment of more complex shapes and thus the full physiological range of microbes, and how this is achieved in a model professional phagocyte.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buckley, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pots, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gueho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilsbach, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolaev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parnell, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kortholt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/763748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-ordinated Ras and Rac activity shapes macropinocytic cups and enables phagocytosis of geometrically diverse bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/764829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ndc80/Nuf2-like protein KKIP1 connects a stable kinetoplastid outer kinetochore complex to the inner kinetochore and responds to metaphase tension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/764829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kinetochores perform an essential role in eukaryotes, coupling chromosomes to the mitotic spindle. In model organisms they are composed of a centromere-proximal inner kinetochore and an outer kinetochore network that binds to microtubules. In spite of its universal function, the composition of kinetochores in extant eukaryotes can differ greatly, and understanding how these different systems evolved and now function are important questions in cell biology. In trypanosomes and other Kinetoplastida, the kinetochores are extremely divergent, with most components showing no detectable similarity to proteins in other systems. They may also be very different functionally, potentially binding to the spindle directly via the inner kinetochore protein KKT4. However, we do not know the extent of the trypanosome kinetochore and proteins interacting with a highly divergent Ndc80/Nuf2-like protein, KKIP1, suggest the existence of more centromere-distal complexes. Here we use quantitative proteomics from multiple start-points to define a stable 9-protein kinetoplastid outer kinetochore (KOK) complex. Two of these core components were recruited from other nuclear processes, exemplifying the role of moonlighting proteins in kinetochore evolution. The complex is physically and biochemically distinct from KKT proteins, but KKIP1 links the inner and outer sets, with its C-terminus very close to the centromere and N-terminus at the outer kinetochore. Moreover, trypanosome kinetochores exhibit intra-kinetochore movement during metaphase, primarily by elongation of KKIP1, consistent with pulling at the outer kinetochores. Together, these data suggest that the KOK complex, KKIP5 and N-terminus of KKIP1 likely constitute the extent of the trypanosome outer kinetochore and that this assembly binds to the spindle with sufficient strength to stretch the kinetochore.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brusini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Archivio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wickstead, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/764829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ndc80/Nuf2-like protein KKIP1 connects a stable kinetoplastid outer kinetochore complex to the inner kinetochore and responds to metaphase tension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular architecture of the DNA-binding sites of the P-loop ATPases MipZ and ParA from Caulobacter crescentus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two related P-loop ATPases, ParA and MipZ, mediate the spatiotemporal regulation of chromosome segregation and cell division in Caulobacter crescentus. Both of these proteins share the ability to form dynamic concentration gradients that control the positioning of regulatory targets within the cell. Their proper localization relies on their nucleotide-dependent cycling between a monomeric and a dimeric state, driven by interaction with the chromosome partitioning protein ParB, and on the ability of the dimeric species to associate non-specifically with the nucleoid. In this study, we use a combination of genetic screening, biochemical analysis and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to identify the residues mediating the interaction of MipZ with DNA. Our results show that the DNA-binding activity of MipZ relies on a series of positively charged and hydrophobic residues lining both sides of the dimer interface. MipZ thus appears to associate with DNA in a sequence-independent manner through electrostatic interactions with the DNA phosphate backbone. In support of this hypothesis, chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses did not reveal any specific target sites in vivo. When extending our analysis to ParA, we found that the architectures of the MipZ and ParA DNA-binding sites are markedly different, although their relative positions on the dimer surface and their mode of DNA binding are conserved. Importantly, bioinformatic analysis suggests that the same principles apply to other members of the P-loop ATPase family. ParA-like ATPases thus share common mechanistic features, although their modes of action have diverged considerably during the course of evolution.nnSIGNIFICANCEParA-like P-loop ATPases are involved in a variety of cellular processes in bacteria, including chromosome and plasmid segregation, chemoreceptor and carboxysome positioning, and division site placement. Many members of this large protein family depend on the ability to bind non-specific DNA for proper function. Although previous studies have yielded insights in the DNA-binding properties of some ParA-like ATPases, a comprehensive view of the underlying mechanisms is still lacking. Here, we combine state-of-the-art cell biological, biochemical and biophysical approaches to localize the DNA-binding regions of the ParA-like ATPases MipZ and ParA from Caulobacter crescentus. We show that the two proteins use the same interface and mode of action to associate with DNA, suggesting that the mechanistic basis of DNA binding may be conserved in the ParA-like ATPase family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Refes, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrales-Guerrero, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinchen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bange, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thanbichler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/766287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular architecture of the DNA-binding sites of the P-loop ATPases MipZ and ParA from Caulobacter crescentus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767590v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanoscale topography templates the organization of stable clathrin/AP-2 structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767590v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane shape is a key feature of many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, division, migration, and trafficking. The development of nanostructured surfaces allowing for the in situ manipulation of membranes in living cells is crucial to understand these processes, but this requires complicated and limited-access technologies. Here, we investigate the self-organization of cellular membranes by using a customizable and bench top method allowing to engineer 1D SiO2 nanopillar arrays of defined sizes and shapes on high-performance glass compatible with advanced microscopies. As a result of this original combination, we provide a mapping of the morphology-induced modulation of the cell membrane mechanics, dynamics and steady-state organization of key protein complexes implicated in cellular trafficking and signal transduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Picas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carretero-Genevrier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sansen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rathar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Fuentes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colom-Diego, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Alaoui, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viaud, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Rossi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macchione, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/767590</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanoscale topography templates the organization of stable clathrin/AP-2 structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/768614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular pathway of influenza pan-neuraminidase inhibitors resistance in an immunocompromised patient 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/768614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs), including oseltamivir and zanamivir, play an important therapeutic role against influenza infections in immunocompromised patients. In such settings, however, NAI therapy may lead to the emergence of resistance involving mutations within the influenza surface genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of hemagglutinin (HA) and NA genes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in an immunocompromised patient receiving oseltamivir then zanamivir therapies. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) samples were collected between 01-27-2018 and 04-20-2018 from a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. These included 11 samples collected either pre-therapy, during oseltamivir and zanamivir as well as after therapy. The A(H1N1)pdm09 HA/NA genes were sequenced. The H275Y NA substitution was quantified by droplet digital RT-PCR assay. A(H1N1)pdm09 recombinant viruses containing HA mutations were tested by HA elution experiments to investigate in vitro binding properties. Oseltamivir rapidly induced the H275Y NA mutation which constituted 98.33% of the viral population after 15 days of oseltamivir treatment. The related HA gene contained S135A and P183S substitutions within the receptor-binding site. After a switch to zanamivir, 275H/Y and 119E/G/D mixed populations were detected. In the last samples, the double H275Y-E119G NA variant dominated with S135A and P183S HA substitutions. This report confirms that oseltamivir can rapidly induce the emergence of the H275Y substitution in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses and subsequent switch to zanamivir can lead to additional substitutions at codon E119 resulting in multi-drug resistance. Such data highlight the need for novel antiviral agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abed, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schibler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Checkmahomed, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carbonneau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venable, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannotti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boivin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/768614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular pathway of influenza pan-neuraminidase inhibitors resistance in an immunocompromised patient]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Audio-visual combination of syllables involves time-sensitive dynamics following from fusion failure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In face-to-face communication, audio-visual (AV) stimuli can be fused, combined or perceived as mismatching. While the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) is admittedly the locus of AV integration, the process leading to combination is unknown. Analysing behaviour and time-/source-resolved human MEG data, we show that while fusion and combination both involve early detection of AV physical features discrepancy in the STS, combination is associated in with activity of AV asynchrony-sensitive regions (auditory and inferior frontal cortices). Based on dynamic causal modelling, and neural signal decoding, we further show that AV speech integration outcome primarily depends on whether the STS can quickly converge onto an existing multimodal syllable representation, and that combination results from subsequent temporal processing, presumably re-ordering, of discrepant AV stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bouton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado Saa, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olasagasti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/771634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Audio-visual combination of syllables involves time-sensitive dynamics following from fusion failure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/774554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers in the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery dataset 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/774554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Susceptibility to AD is considerably determined by genetic factors which hitherto were primarily identified using case-control designs. Elucidating the genetic architecture of additional AD-related phenotypic traits, ideally those linked to the underlying disease process, holds great promise in gaining deeper insights into the genetic basis of AD and in developing better clinical prediction models. To this end, we generated genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data in 931 participants of the European Medical Information Framework Alzheimers Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) sample to search for novel genetic determinants of AD biomarker variability. Specifically, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses on 16 traits, including 14 measures of amyloid-beta (A{beta}) and tau-protein species in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition to confirming the well-established effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on diagnostic outcome and phenotypes related to A{beta}42, we detected novel potential signals in the zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) for CSF-A{beta}38 and CSF-A{beta}40 levels, and confirmed the previously described sex-specific association between SNPs in geminin coiled-coil domain containing (GMNC) and CSF-tau. Utilizing the results from independent case-control AD GWAS to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) revealed that AD risk variants only explain a small fraction of CSF biomarker variability. In conclusion, our study represents a detailed first account of GWAS analyses on CSF-A{beta} and -tau related traits in the EMIF-AD MBD dataset. In subsequent work, we will utilize the genomics data generated here in GWAS of other AD-relevant clinical outcomes ascertained in this unique dataset.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prokopenko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobricic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilpert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bos, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vos, S. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tijms, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreasson, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blennow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenberghe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleynen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaeverbeke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheltens, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teunissen, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niemantsverdriet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelborghs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frisoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinuevo, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rami, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kettunen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lleo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sala, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyratout, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Lage, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tainta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobson, R. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legido-Quigley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sleegers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broeckhoven, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kate, M. t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkhof, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zetterberg</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/774554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarkers in the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery dataset]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/782847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic encoding of perceptual features in primary somatosensory cortex upon reversal learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/782847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons in primary sensory cortex encode a variety of stimulus features upon perceptual learning. However, it is unclear whether the acquired stimulus selectivity remains stable when the same input is perceived in a different context. Here, we monitored the activity of individual neurons in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex in a reward-based texture discrimination task. We tracked their stimulus selectivity before and after changing reward contingencies, which allowed us to identify various classes of neurons. We found neurons that stably represented a texture or the upcoming behavioral choice, but the majority was dynamic. Among those, a subpopulation of neurons regained selectivity contingent on stimulus-value. These value-sensitive neurons forecasted the onset of learning by displaying a distinct and transient increase in activity, depending on past behavioral experience. Thus, stimulus selectivity of excitatory neurons during perceptual learning is dynamic and largely relies on behavioral contingencies, even in primary sensory cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fodoulian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pages, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtmaat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/782847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic encoding of perceptual features in primary somatosensory cortex upon reversal learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/787903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The GTEx Consortium atlas of genetic regulatory effects across human tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/787903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project was established to characterize genetic effects on the transcriptome across human tissues, and to link these regulatory mechanisms to trait and disease associations. Here, we present analyses of the v8 data, based on 17,382 RNA-sequencing samples from 54 tissues of 948 post-mortem donors. We comprehensively characterize genetic associations for gene expression and splicing in cis and trans, showing that regulatory associations are found for almost all genes, and describe the underlying molecular mechanisms and their contribution to allelic heterogeneity and pleiotropy of complex traits. Leveraging the large diversity of tissues, we provide insights into the tissue-specificity of genetic effects, and show that cell type composition is a key factor in understanding gene regulatory mechanisms in human tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aguet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbeira, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonazzola, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castel, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasela, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim-Hellmuth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsana, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fresard, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaamzon, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hormozdiari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Aguirre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segrc, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strober, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wucher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrido-Martin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gay, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handsaker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacArthur, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouhana, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todres, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinuela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The GTEx Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelhardt,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/787903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The GTEx Consortium atlas of genetic regulatory effects across human tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/789495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity underlying compulsive reward seeking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/789495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Addicted individuals compulsively seek drugs. Cortico-striatal projections have been implicated in persevering to seek rewards even when punished. The temporo-spatial determinants of the activity underlying the compulsive reward seeking however remains elusive. Here we trained mice in a seek-take chain, rewarded by optogenetic dopamine neuron self-stimulation (oDASS). Mice that persevered when seeking was punished, exhibited an increased AMPA/NMDA ratio selectively at orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to dorsal striatum (DS) synapses. In addition, an activity peak of spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in the DS at the moment of signalled reward availability was detected. Chemogenetic inhibition of OFC neurons curbed the activity peak and reduced punished reward seeking, as did optogenetic hyperpolarization of SPNs time locked to the cue predicting reward availability, establishing a causal link. Taken together, we conclude that the strengthening of OFC-DS synapses drives SPNs activity when a reward predictive cue is delivered, thus encouraging reward seeking in subsequent trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harada, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiver, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascoli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lüscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/789495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity underlying compulsive reward seeking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/799742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial cell cycle control by citrate synthase independent of enzymatic activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/799742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coordination of cell cycle progression with central metabolism is fundamental to all cell types and likely underlies differentiation into dispersal cells in bacteria. How central metabolism is monitored to regulate cell cycle functions is poorly understood. A forward genetic selection for cell cycle regulators in the polarized alpha-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus unearthed the uncharacterized CitA citrate synthase, a TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle enzyme, as unprecedented checkpoint regulator of the G1[-&gt;]S transition. We show that loss of the CitA protein provokes a (p)ppGpp alarmone-dependent G1-phase arrest without apparent metabolic or energy insufficiency. While S-phase entry is still conferred when CitA is rendered catalytically inactive, the paralogous CitB citrate synthase has no overt role other than sustaining TCA cycle activity when CitA is absent. With eukaryotic citrate synthase paralogs known to fulfill regulatory functions, our work extends the moonlighting paradigm to citrate synthase coordinating central (TCA) metabolism with development and perhaps antibiotic tolerance in bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezzatti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Ruiz, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theraulaz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/799742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial cell cycle control by citrate synthase independent of enzymatic activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/800797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-timescale hybrid components of the functional brain connectome: A bimodal EEG-fMRI decomposition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/800797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) bridge brain connectivity across timescales. During concurrent EEG-fMRI resting-state recordings, whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) strength is spatially correlated across modalities. However, cross-modal investigations have commonly remained correlational, and joint analysis of EEG-fMRI connectivity is largely unexplored.

Here we investigated if there exist (spatially) independent FC networks linked between modalities. We applied the recently proposed hybrid connectivity independent component analysis (connICA) framework to two concurrent EEG-fMRI resting state datasets (total 40 subjects). Two robust components were found across both datasets. The first component has a uniformly distributed EEG-frequency fingerprint linked mainly to intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) in both modalities. Conversely, the second component is sensitive to different EEG-frequencies and is primarily linked to intra-ICN connectivity in fMRI but to inter-ICN connectivity in EEG.

The first hybrid component suggests that connectivity dynamics within well-known ICNs span timescales, from millisecond-range in all canonical frequencies of FCEEG to second-range of FCfMRI. Conversely, the second component additionally exposes linked but spatially divergent neuronal processing at the two timescales. This work reveals the existence of joint spatially independent components, suggesting that parts of resting-state connectivity are co-expressed in a linked manner across EEG and fMRI over individuals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wirsich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amico, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranjeva, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goni, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadaghiani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/800797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-timescale hybrid components of the functional brain connectome: A bimodal EEG-fMRI decomposition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/801936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuro-Computational Foundations of Moral Preferences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/801936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Moral preferences pervade many aspects of our lives, dictating how we ought to behave, whom we can marry, and even what we eat. Despite their relevance, one fundamental question remains unanswered: Where do individual moral preferences come from? It is often thought that all types of preferences reflect properties of domain-general neural decision mechanisms that employ a common "neural currency" to value choice options in many different contexts. This assumption, however, appears at odds with the observation that many humans consider it intuitively wrong to employ the same scale to compare moral value (e.g., of a human life) with material value (e.g., of money). In this paper, we directly challenge the common-currency hypothesis by comparing the neural mechanisms that represent moral and financial subjective values. In a study combining fMRI with a novel behavioral paradigm, we identify neural representations of the subjective values of human lives or financial payoffs by means of structurally identical computational models. Correlating isomorphic model variables from both domains with brain activity reveals specific patterns of neural activity that selectively represent values in the moral (in the rTPJ) or financial (in the vmPFC) domain. Thus, our findings show that human lives and money are valued in distinct neural currencies, supporting theoretical proposals that human moral behavior is guided by processes that are distinct from those underlying behavior driven by personal material benefit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ugazio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grueschow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polania, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamm, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/801936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuro-Computational Foundations of Moral Preferences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/804997v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impaired renal gluconeogenesis is a major determinant of acute kidney injury associated mortality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/804997v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nature letterAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) is strongly associated with adverse outcome and mortality independently of the cause of renal damage1-3. The mechanisms determining the deleterious systemic effects of AKI are poorly understood and specific interventions, including optimization of renal replacement therapy, had a marginal effect on AKI-associated mortality in clinical trials4-8. The kidney contributes to up to 40% of systemic glucose production by gluconeogenesis during fasting and stress conditions, mainly synthesized from lactate in the proximal tubule9-12, rendering this organ a major systemic lactate disposal13. Whether kidney gluconeogenesis is impaired during AKI and how this might influence systemic metabolism remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that glucose production and lactate clearance are impaired during human AKI using renal arteriovenous catheterization in patients. Using single cell transcriptomics in mice and RNA sequencing in human biopsies, we show that glycolytic and gluconeogenetic pathways are modified during AKI in the proximal tubule specifically, explaining the metabolic alterations. We further demonstrate that impaired renal gluconeogenesis and lactate clearance during AKI are major determinants of systemic glucose and lactate levels in critically ill patients. Most importantly, altered glucose metabolism in AKI emerged as a major determinant of AKI-associated mortality. Thiamine supplementation restored renal glucose metabolism and substantially reduced AKI-associated mortality in intensive care patients. This study highlights an unappreciated systemic role of renal glucose and lactate metabolism in stress conditions, delineates general mechanisms explaining AKI-associated mortality and introduces a potential therapeutic intervention for a highly prevalent clinical condition with limited therapeutic options.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Legouis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricksten, S.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faivre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gariani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galichon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berchtold, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feraille, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koppitch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertig, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naesens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pugin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cippà, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Seigneux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/804997</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impaired renal gluconeogenesis is a major determinant of acute kidney injury associated mortality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/806117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type specific genetic regulation of gene expression across human tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/806117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project has identified expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (cis-QTLs) for the majority of genes across a wide range of human tissues. However, the interpretation of these QTLs has been limited by the heterogeneous cellular composition of GTEx tissue samples. Here, we map interactions between computational estimates of cell type abundance and genotype to identify cell type interaction QTLs for seven cell types and show that cell type interaction eQTLs provide finer resolution to tissue specificity than bulk tissue cis-eQTLs. Analyses of genetic associations to 87 complex traits show a contribution from cell type interaction QTLs and enables the discovery of hundreds of previously unidentified colocalized loci that are masked in bulk tissue.nnOne Sentence SummaryEstimated cell type abundances from bulk RNA-seq across tissues reveal the cellular specificity of quantitative trait loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim-Hellmuth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Aguirre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wucher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasela, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castel, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinuela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbeira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrido-Martin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonazzola, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Perez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soria, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Small, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guigo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stranger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardlie, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lappalainen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/806117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type specific genetic regulation of gene expression across human tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/809368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A two-way molecular dialogue between embryo and endosperm required for seed development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/809368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The plant embryonic cuticle is a hydrophobic barrier deposited de novo by the embryo during seed development. At germination it protects the seedling from water loss and is thus critical for survival. Embryonic cuticle formation is controlled by a signaling pathway involving the protease ALE1 and the receptor-like kinases GSO1 and GSO2. We show that a sulfated peptide, TWISTED SEED1 (TWS1) acts as a GSO1/GSO2 ligand. Cuticle surveillance depends on the action of ALE1 which, unlike TWS1 and GSO1/2, is not produced in the embryo but in the neighboring endosperm. Cleavage of an embryo-derived TWS1 precursor by ALE1 releases the active peptide, triggering GSO1/2-dependent cuticle reinforcement in the embryo. A bidirectional molecular dialogue between embryo and endosperm thus safeguards cuticle integrity prior to germination.nnOne Sentence SummarySubtilase-mediated activation of the TWISTED SEED1 peptide provides spatial cues during embryo cuticle integrity monitoring.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doll, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Royek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okuda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stintzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widiez, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geldner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingram, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/809368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A two-way molecular dialogue between embryo and endosperm required for seed development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/810788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Complex Regulatory Landscape Involved In The Development Of External Genitals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/810788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vertebrates, developmental genes are often controlled by large regulatory landscapes matching the dimensions of topologically associating domains (TADs). In various ontogenic contexts, the associated constitutive chromatin backbone is modified by fine-tuned specific variations in enhancer-enhancer and enhancer-promoter interaction profiles. In this work, we take one of the TADs flanking the HoxD gene cluster as a paradigm to address the question of how these complex regulatory architectures are formed and how they are de-constructed once their function has been achieved. We suggest that this TAD can be considered as a coherent functional unit in itself, with several regulatory sequences acting together to elicit a transcriptional response. With one notable exception, the deletion of each of these sequences in isolation did not produce any substantial modification in the global transcriptional outcome of the system, a result at odds with a conventional view of long-range enhancer function. Likewise, both the deletion and inversion of a supposedly critical CTCF site located in a region rich in such sequences did not affect transcription of the target gene. In the latter case, however, slight modifications were observed in interaction profiles in vivo in agreement with the loop extrusion model, despite no apparent functional consequences. We discuss these unexpected results by considering both conventional explanations and an alternative possibility whereby a rather unspecific accumulation of particular factors within the TAD backbone may have a global impact upon transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amandio, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolt, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/810788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Complex Regulatory Landscape Involved In The Development Of External Genitals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/812404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feature-based Molecular Networking in the GNPS Analysis Environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/812404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular networking has become a key method used to visualize and annotate the chemical space in non-targeted mass spectrometry-based experiments. However, distinguishing isomeric compounds and quantitative interpretation are currently limited. Therefore, we created Feature-based Molecular Networking (FBMN) as a new analysis method in the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) infrastructure. FBMN leverages feature detection and alignment tools to enhance quantitative analyses and isomer distinction, including from ion-mobility spectrometry experiments, in molecular networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duehrkop, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarvepalli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Protsyuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsugawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aicheler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alka, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barsch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cachet, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da Silva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurevich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaac, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamenik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koester, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Gouellec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin H., C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, L.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McSayles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohimani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morsy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyne, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuweger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito-Nothias, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paolini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phelan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pluskal,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/812404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feature-based Molecular Networking in the GNPS Analysis Environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/816256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patched regulates lipid homeostasis by controlling cellular cholesterol levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/816256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractHedgehog (Hh) signaling is essential during development and in organ physiology. In the canonical pathway, Hh binding to Patched (PTCH) relieves the inhibition of Smoothened (SMO). Yet, PTCH may also perform SMO-independent functions. While the PTCH homolog PTC-3 is essential in C. elegans, worms lack SMO, providing an excellent model to probe non-canonical PTCH function. Here, we show that PTC-3 is a cholesterol transporter. ptc-3(RNAi) leads to accumulation of intracellular cholesterol and defects in ER structure and lipid droplet formation. These phenotypes were accompanied by a reduction in acyl chain (FA) length and desaturation. ptc-3(RNAi)-induced lethality, fat storage and ER morphology defects were rescued by reducing dietary cholesterol. We provide evidence that cholesterol accumulation modulates the function of nuclear hormone receptors such as of the PPAR homolog NHR-49 and NHR-181, and affects FA composition. Our data uncover a novel role for PTCH in organelle structure maintenance and fat metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cadena Del Castillo, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaech, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiyoda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuyama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Færgeman, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/816256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patched regulates lipid homeostasis by controlling cellular cholesterol levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/819276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain networks processing temporal information in dynamic facial expressions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/819276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perception of emotional expressions in faces relies on the integration of distinct facial features. We used fMRI to examine the role of local and global motion information in facial movements during exposure to novel dynamic face stimuli. We found that synchronous expressions distinctively engaged medial prefrontal areas in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), supplementary premotor areas, and bilateral superior frontal gyrus (global temporal-spatial processing). Asynchronous expressions in which one part of the face (e.g., eyes) unfolded before the other (e.g., mouth) activated more the right superior temporal sulcus (STS) and inferior frontal gyrus (local temporal-spatial processing). DCM analysis further showed that processing of asynchronous expression features was associated with a differential information flow, centered on STS, which received direct input from occipital cortex and projected to the amygdala. Moreover, STS and amygdala displayed selective interactions with vACC where the integration of both local and global motion cues (present in synchronous expressions) could take place. These results provide new evidence for a role of both local and global temporal dynamics in emotional expressions, extracted in partly separate brain pathways. Importantly, we show that dynamic expressions with synchronous movement cues may distinctively engage brain areas responsible for motor execution of expressions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skiba, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/819276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain networks processing temporal information in dynamic facial expressions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/824821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rationally designed oral vaccines can set an evolutionary trap for Salmonella Typhimurium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/824821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introductory paragraphThe ability of gut bacterial pathogens to escape immunity by antigenic variation, particularly via changes to surface-exposed antigens, is a major barrier to immune clearance1. However, not all variants are equally fit in all environments2, 3. It should therefore be possible to exploit such immune escape mechanisms to direct an evolutionary trade-off. Here we demonstrated this phenomenon using Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Tm). A dominant surface antigen of S.Tm is its O-antigen: A long, repetitive glycan that can be rapidly varied by mutations in biosynthetic pathways or by phase-variation4, 5. We quantified the selective advantage of O-antigen variants in the presence and absence of O-antigen specific IgA and identified a set of evolutionary trajectories allowing immune escape without an associated fitness cost in naive mice. Through the use of oral vaccines, we rationally induced IgA responses blocking all of these trajectories, which selected for Salmonella mutants carrying deletions of the O-antigen polymerase wzyB. Due to their short O-antigen, these evolved mutants were more susceptible to environmental stressors (detergents, complement), predation (bacteriophages), and were impaired in gut colonization and virulence in mice. Therefore, a rationally induced cocktail of intestinal antibodies can direct an evolutionary trade-off in S.Tm. This lays the foundations for the exploration of mucosal vaccines capable of setting evolutionary traps as a prophylactic strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakkeren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoces, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lentsch, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnoldini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumann-Moor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamcik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccoli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanzavecchia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadtmueller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donohue, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderwoude, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falquet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hockenberry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wuethrich, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonfiglio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zandomeneghi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mezzenga, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holst, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardt, W.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slack, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/824821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rationally designed oral vaccines can set an evolutionary trap for Salmonella Typhimurium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/825844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociable brain mechanisms for long-term memory of disgust- and fear- related associations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/825844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Remembering events that evoke emotions such as disgust or fear is critical to our survival. However, previous studies investigating the interplay between emotion and memory disregarded the effects of specific emotions, leading to inconsistent results. Also, the role of amygdala throughout memory stages has been poorly understood. Here, we show that after 3 weeks delay, word pairs evoking disgust were remembered better than pairs evoking fear. These two emotions distinctly modulated neural mechanisms of memory. Successful encoding of disgust-evoking information was mediated by univariate activation in amygdala and perirhinal cortex, in contrast to fear-evoking memories that engaged hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. Critically, univariate activation in the amygdala during encoding was correlated with memory reinstatement of individual word pairs, and more so for disgust than for fear. Together, these findings shed a new light on the role of the amygdala and medial temporal lobe regions in encoding and reinstatement of specific emotional memories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riegel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wierzba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wypych, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritchey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jednorog, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchewka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/825844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociable brain mechanisms for long-term memory of disgust- and fear- related associations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benefits of motor imagery practice during arm-immobilization on the sensorimotor cortical networks and sleep features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor imagery (MI) is known to engage motor networks and could compensate for the maladaptive neuroplasticity elicited by immobilization. This hypothesis and associated underlying neural mechanisms remain underexplored. Here, we investigated how MI practice during 11 h of arm-immobilization influences sensorimotor and cortical representations of the hands, as well as sleep. Fourteen participants were first tested after a normal day, followed by two 11-h periods of immobilization, either with concomitant MI treatment or control tasks. Data revealed that MI prevented the consequences of immobilization: (i) alteration of the sensorimotor representation of hands, (ii) decrease of cortical excitability over the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to arm-immobilization, and (iii) reduction of sleep spindles over both M1s. Furthermore, (iv) the time spent in REM sleep was significantly longer after MI. These results support that implementing MI during immobilization can limit the deleterious effects of limb disuse, at several levels of sensorimotor functioning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Debarnot, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrault, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterpenich, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legendre, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/828889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benefits of motor imagery practice during arm-immobilization on the sensorimotor cortical networks and sleep features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/829077v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formal string instrument training in a class setting enhances cognitive and sensorimotor development of primary school children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/829077v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This randomized controlled trial shows for the first time that focused musical instrumental practice as compared to traditional sensitization to music provokes robust cognitive and sensorimotor transfer effects. Over the last two years of primary school (10-12-year-old children), sixty-nine children received biweekly musical instruction by professional musicians within the regular school curriculum. The intervention group learned to play string instruments, whereas the control group, peers in parallel classes, was sensitized to music via listening, theory, and some practice. Broad benefits manifested in the intervention group as compared to the control group for working memory, attention, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, matrix reasoning, sensorimotor hand function and bimanual coordination Apparently, learning to play a complex instrument in a dynamic group setting impacts development much stronger than classical sensitization to music. Our results therefore highlight the added value of intensive musical instrumental training in a group setting, encouraging general implementation in public primary schools, better preparing children for secondary school and for daily living activities.nnHighlights- Music practice produces multiple cognitive transfer effects in school childrenn- Making music causes stronger cognitive benefits than sensitization to musicn- Music practice in a class setting improves executive functions and abstract thinkingn- Playing string instruments enhances fine manual dexterity and bimanual coordination
]]></description>
<dc:creator>James, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupuis-Lozeron, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdili, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervaise, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kliegel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/829077</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formal string instrument training in a class setting enhances cognitive and sensorimotor development of primary school children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/831743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using structural connectivity to augment community structure in EEG functional connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/831743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently, EEG recording techniques and source analysis have improved, making it feasible to tap into fast network dynamics. Yet, analyzing whole-cortex EEG signals in source space is not standard, partly because EEG suffers from volume conduction: Functional connectivity (FC) reflecting genuine functional relationships is impossible to disentangle from spurious FC introduced by volume conduction. Here, we investigate the relationship between white matter structural connectivity (SC) and large scale network structure encoded in EEG-FC. We start by confirming that FC (power envelope correlations) is predicted by SC beyond the impact of Euclidean distance, in line with the assumption that SC mediates genuine FC. We then use information from white matter structural connectivity (SC) in order to smooth the EEG signal in the space spanned by graphs derived from SC. Thereby, FC between nearby, structurally connected brain regions increases while FC between non-connected regions remains unchanged, resulting in an increase in genuine, SC-mediated FC. We analyze the induced changes in FC, assessing the resemblance between EEG- and volume-conduction-free fMRI-FC, and find that smoothing increases resemblance in terms of overall correlation and community structure. This result suggests that our method boosts genuine FC, an outcome that is of interest for many EEG network neuroscience questions.

Author summaryIn this study, we combine high-density EEG recorded during resting state with white matter connectivity obtained from diffusion MRI and fiber tracking. We leverage the additional information contained in the structural connectome towards augmenting the source level EEG functional connectivity. In particular, it is known - and confirmed in this study - that the activity of brain regions that possess a direct anatomical connection is, on average, more strongly correlated than that of regions that have no such direct link. We use the structural connectome to define a graph and smooth the source reconstructed EEG signal in the space spanned by this graph. We compare the resulting "filtered" signal correlation matrices to those obtained from fMRI and find that such "graph filtering" improves the agreement between EEG and fMRI functional connectivity structure. This suggests that structural connectivity can be used to attenuate some of the limitations imposed by volume conduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glomb, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carboni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubega, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iannotti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tourbier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulliemoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/831743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using structural connectivity to augment community structure in EEG functional connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A generalizable multivariate brain pattern for interpersonal guilt 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Feeling guilty when we have wronged another is a crucial aspect of prosociality, but its neurobiological bases are elusive. Although multivariate patterns of brain activity show promise for developing brain measures linked to specific emotions, it is less clear whether brain activity can be trained to detect more complex social emotional states such as guilt. Here, we identified a distributed Guilt-Related Brain Signature (GRBS) across two independent neuroimaging datasets that used interpersonal interactions to evoke guilt. This signature discriminated conditions associated with interpersonal guilt from closely matched control conditions in a cross-validated training sample (N = 24; Chinese population) and in an independent test sample (N = 19; Swiss population). However, it did not respond to observed or experienced pain, or recalled guilt. Moreover, the GRBS only exhibited weak spatial similarity with other brain signatures of social affective processes, further indicating the specificity of the brain state it represents. These findings provide a step towards developing biological markers of social emotions, which could serve as important tools to investigate guilt-related brain processes in both healthy and clinical populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koban, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wager, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/835520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A generalizable multivariate brain pattern for interpersonal guilt]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/836098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The macrophage-expressed gene (mpeg) 1 identifies a subpopulation of B cells in the adult zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/836098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) consists of many cells, in particular macrophages, scattered throughout the body. However, there is increasing evidence for the heterogeneity of tissue-resident macrophages, leading to a pressing need for new tools to discriminate MPS subsets from other hematopoietic lineages. Mpeg1.1 is an evolutionary conserved gene encoding perforin-2, a pore-forming protein associated with host defense against pathogens. Zebrafish mpeg1.1:GFP and mpeg1.1:mCherry reporters were originally established to specifically label macrophages. Since, more than 100 peer-reviewed publications have made use of mpeg1.1-driven transgenics for in vivo studies, providing new insights into key aspects of macrophage ontogeny, activation and function. However, while the macrophage-specific expression pattern of the mpeg1.1 promoter has been firmly established in the zebrafish embryo, it is currently not known whether this specificity is maintained through adulthood. Here we report direct evidence that beside macrophages, a subpopulation of B-lymphocytes is marked by mpeg1.1 reporters in most adult zebrafish organs. These mpeg1.1+ lymphoid cells endogenously express mpeg1.1 and can be separated from mpeg1.1+ macrophages by virtue of their light-scatter characteristics using FACS. Remarkably, our analyses also revealed that B-lymphocytes, rather than mononuclear phagocytes, constitute the main mpeg1.1-positive population in irf8null myeloid-defective mutants, which were previously reported to recover tissue-resident macrophages in adulthood. One notable exception are skin macrophages, whose development and maintenance appear to be independent from irf8, similar to mammals. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that irf8 functions in myelopoiesis are evolutionary conserved and highlight the need for alternative macrophage-specific markers to study the MPS in adult zebrafish.

SUMMARY SENTENCEMpeg1 is not a restricted macrophage marker, but also labels B cells in the adult zebrafish. Therefore, previously identified irf8-independent macrophages likely consist of B lymphocytes.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=183 SRC="FIGDIR/small/836098v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferrero, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miserocchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langenau, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittamer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/836098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The macrophage-expressed gene (mpeg) 1 identifies a subpopulation of B cells in the adult zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strong information-limiting correlations in early visual areas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
If the brain processes incoming data efficiently, information should degrade little between early and later neural processing stages, and so information in early stages should match behavioral performance. For instance, if there is enough information in a visual cortical area to determine the orientation of a grating to within 1 degree, and the code is simple enough to be read out by downstream circuits, then animals should be able to achieve that performance behaviourally. Despite over 30 years of research, it is still not known how efficient the brain is. For tasks involving a large number of neurons, the amount of information encoded by neural circuits is limited by differential correlations. Therefore, determining how much information is encoded requires quantifying the strength of differential correlations. Detecting them, however, is difficult. We report here a new method, which requires on the order of 100s of neurons and trials. This method relies on computing the alignment of the neural stimulus encoding direction, f', with the eigenvectors of the noise covariance matrix,{Sigma} . In the presence of strong differential correlations, f' must be spanned by a small number of the eigenvectors with largest eigenvalues. Using simulations with a leaky-integrate-and-fire neuron model of the LGN-V1 circuit, we confirmed that this method can indeed detect differential correlations consistent with those that would limit orientation discrimination thresholds to 0.5-3 degrees. We applied this technique to V1 recordings in awake monkeys and found signatures of differential correlations, consistent with a discrimination threshold of 0.47-1.20 degrees, which is not far from typical discrimination thresholds (1-2 deg). These results suggest that, at least in macaque monkeys, V1 contains about as much information as is seen in behaviour, implying that downstream circuits are efficient at extracting the information available in V1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montijn, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aschner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latham, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/842724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strong information-limiting correlations in early visual areas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/849901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine learning predicts immunoglobulin light chain toxicity through somatic mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/849901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL), pathogenic monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) form toxic aggregates and amyloid fibrils in target organs. Prompt diagnosis is crucial to avoid permanent organ damage. However, delays in diagnosis are common, with a consequent poor patients prognosis, as symptoms usually appear only after strong organ involvement. Here, we present LICTOR, a machine learning approach predicting LC toxicity in AL, based on the distribution of somatic mutations acquired during clonal selection. LICTOR achieved a specificity and a sensitivity of 0.82 and 0.76, respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.87. Tested on an independent set of 12 LCs sequences with known clinical phenotypes, LICTOR achieved a prediction accuracy of 83%. Furthermore, we were able to abolish the toxic phenotype of an LC by in silico reverting two germline-specific somatic mutations identified by LICTOR and by experimentally assessing the loss of in vivo toxicity in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Therefore, LICTOR represents a promising strategy for AL diagnosis and reducing high mortality rates in AL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garofalo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccoli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravasio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foglierini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matkovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sgrignani, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prunotto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michielin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanzavecchia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/849901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine learning predicts immunoglobulin light chain toxicity through somatic mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Switch from translation initiation to elongation needs Not4 and Not5 collaboration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Not4 and Not5 are crucial components of the Ccr4-Not complex with pivotal functions in mRNA metabolism. Both associate with ribosomes but mechanistic insights on their function remain elusive. Here we determine that Not5 and Not4 synchronously impact translation initiation and Not5 alone alters translation elongation. Deletion of Not5 causes elongation defects in a codon-dependent fashion, increasing and decreasing the ribosome dwelling occupancy at minor and major codons, respectively. This larger difference in codons translation velocities alters translation globally and enables kinetically unfavorable processes such as nascent chain deubiquitination to take place. In turn, this leads to abortive translation and favors protein aggregation. These findings highlight the global impact of Not4 and Not5 in controlling the speed of mRNA translation and transition from initiation to elongation.

SummaryNot4 and Not5 regulate translation synchronously but distinguishably, facilitating smooth transition from initiation to elongation
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allen, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panasenko, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanyi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagatti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polte, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignatova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/850859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Switch from translation initiation to elongation needs Not4 and Not5 collaboration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of histone H3.3 results in DNA replication defects and altered origin dynamics in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone H3.3 is a replication-independent variant of histone H3 with important roles in development, differentiation and fertility. Here we show that loss of H3.3 results in replication defects in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. To characterize these defects, we adapt methods to determine replication timing, map replication origins, and examine replication fork progression. Our analysis of the spatiotemporal regulation of DNA replication shows that despite the very rapid embryonic cell cycle, the genome is replicated from early and late firing origins and is partitioned into domains of early and late replication. We find that under temperature stress conditions, additional replication origins become activated. Moreover, loss of H3.3 results in impaired replication fork progression around origins, which is particularly evident at stress-activated origins. These replication defects are accompanied by replication checkpoint activation, a prolonged cell cycle, and increased lethality in checkpoint-compromised embryos. Our comprehensive analysis of DNA replication in C. elegans reveals the genomic location of replication origins and the dynamics of their firing, and uncovers a role of H3.3 in the regulation of replication origins under stress conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strobino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenda, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/854455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of histone H3.3 results in DNA replication defects and altered origin dynamics in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/861203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase separation of Ede1 promotes the initiation of endocytic events 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/861203v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a major pathway that eukaryotic cells use to produce transport vesicles from the plasma membrane. The assembly of the endocytic coat is initiated by a dynamic network of weakly interacting proteins, but the exact mechanism of initiation is unknown. Ede1, the yeast homologue of mammalian Eps15, is one of the early-arriving endocytic proteins and a key initiation factor. In the absence of Ede1, most other early endocytic proteins lose their punctate localization and the frequency of endocytic initiation is decreased. We show here that in mutants with increased amounts of cytoplasmic Ede1, the excess protein forms large condensates which exhibit properties of phase separated liquid protein droplets. These Ede1 condensates recruit many other early-arriving endocytic proteins. Their formation depends on the core region of Ede1 that contains a coiled coil and a low-complexity domain. We demonstrate that Ede1 core region is essential for the endocytic function of Ede1. The core region can also promote clustering of a heterologous lipid-binding domain into discrete sites on the plasma membrane that initiate endocytic events. We propose that the clustering of the early endocytic proteins and cargo depend on phase separation mediated by Ede1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kozak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/861203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase separation of Ede1 promotes the initiation of endocytic events]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/861260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acetobacteraceae in the honey bee gut comprise two distant clades with diverging metabolism and ecological niches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/861260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Various bacteria of the family Acetobacteraceae are associated with the gut environment of insects. Honey bees harbor two distinct Acetobacteraceae in their gut, Alpha2.1 and Alpha2.2. While Alpha2.1 seems to be a gut specialist, Alpha2.2 is also found in the diet (e.g. royal jelly), the hypopharyngeal glands, and the larvae of honey bees. Here, we combined amplicon and genome sequencing to better understand functional differences associated with the ecology of Alpha2.1 and Alpha2.2. We find that the two phylotypes are differentially distributed along the worker and queen bee gut. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Alpha2.2 is nested within the acetic acid bacteria and consists of two separate sub-lineages, whereas Alpha2.1 belongs to a basal lineage with an unusual GC content for Acetobacteraceae. Gene content analysis revealed major differences in the central carbon and respiratory metabolism between the two phylotypes. While Alpha2.2 encodes two periplasmic dehydrogenases to carry out oxidative fermentation, Alpha2.1 lacks this capability, but instead harbors a diverse set of cytoplasmic dehydrogenases. These differences are accompanied by the loss of the TCA cycle in Alpha2.2, but not in Alpha2.1. We speculate that Alpha2.2 has specialized for fast-resource utilization through incomplete carbohydrate oxidation, giving it an advantage in sugar-rich environments such as royal jelly. On the contrary, the broader metabolic range of Alpha2.1 may provide an advantage in the worker bee hindgut, where competition with other bacteria and flexibility in resource utilization may be relevant for persistence. Our results show that bacteria belonging to the same family may utilize vastly different strategies to colonize niches associated with the animal gut.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonilla-Rosso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paredes, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellegaard, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emery, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Garcera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glover, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadadi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SAGE class 2017-18,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tagini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/861260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acetobacteraceae in the honey bee gut comprise two distant clades with diverging metabolism and ecological niches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/862185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomics of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Attenuation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/862185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human orthopneumovirus (HRSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children worldwide. Despite decades of efforts, no vaccine is available. In this work, we report mutations that are frequent in vaccine candidates and rare in wild-type genomes, taking into account all the publicly available HRSV sequence data. These mutations are different from the ones already known to attenuate the virus, and thus may contribute to the effort towards producing a live attenuated vaccine against HRSV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Junier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fellay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/862185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomics of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Attenuation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/865303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glial cell mechanosensitivity is reversed by adhesion cues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/865303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain tissues demonstrate heterogeneous mechanical properties, which evolve with aging and pathologies. The observation in these tissues of smooth to sharp rigidity gradients raises the question of brain cells responses to both different values of rigidity and their spatial variations. Here, we use recent techniques of hydrogel photopolymerization to achieve stiffness structuration down to micrometer resolution. We investigate primary neuron adhesion and orientation as well as glial cell adhesive and proliferative properties on multi-rigidity polyacrylamide hydrogels presenting a uniform density of adhesive molecules. We first observed that neurons grow following rigidity gradients. Then, our main observation is that glial cell adhesion and proliferation can be enhanced on stiff or on soft regions depending on the adhesive coating of the hydrogel, i. e. fibronectin or poly-L-lysine/laminin. This behavior was unchanged in the presence or not of neuronal cells. In addition, and contrarily to other cell types, glial cells were not confined by sharp, micron-scaled gradients of rigidity. Our observations suggest that their mechanosensitivity could involve adheison-related mechanosensitive pathways that are specific to brain tissues.

SIGNIFICANCEBy growing primary brain cells on 2D multi-rigidity polyacrylamide hydrogels, we show that favorable culture conditions for glial cells switch from stiff to soft substrates when changing the adhesive ligands from fibronectin to poly-L-lysine/laminin. Together with neurons, glial cells thus provide a unique example where soft is preferred to stiff, but unlike neurons, this preference can be reversed by changing the nature of the coating. We additionally show that contrarily to other cell types, glial cells are deformed by subcellular gradients of rigidity but cannot be confined by these rigidity gradients. These observations point that glial cell use a very specific, integrin-related machinery for rigidity sensing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tomba, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migdal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/865303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glial cell mechanosensitivity is reversed by adhesion cues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/866780v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Agonist-selective recruitment of engineered protein probes and of GRK2 by opioid receptors in living cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/866780v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal through allostery, and it is increasingly clear that chemically distinct agonists can produce different receptor-based effects. It has been proposed that agonists selectively promote receptors to recruit one cellular interacting partner over another, introducing allosteric  bias into the signaling system. However, the core underlying hypothesis - that different agonists drive GPCRs to engage different cytoplasmic proteins in living cells - remains untested due to the complexity of downstream readouts through which receptor-proximal interactions are typically inferred. Here we describe a scalable cell-based assay to overcome this challenge, based on the use of engineered GPCR-interacting proteins as orthogonal biosensors that are disconnected from endogenous transduction mechanisms. Focusing on opioid receptors, we directly demonstrate differences between protein probe recruitment produced by chemically distinct opioid ligands in living cells. We then show how the selective recruitment applies to GRK2, a biologically relevant opioid receptor regulator protein, through discrete interactions of GRK2 with receptors or with G protein beta-gamma subunits which are differentially promoted by agonists.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stoeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jullie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manglik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Zastrow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/866780</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Agonist-selective recruitment of engineered protein probes and of GRK2 by opioid receptors in living cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.26.534252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxidation-sensitive cysteines drive IL-38 amyloid formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.26.534252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family are widely expressed in epithelial surfaces, including the epidermis, where they play a key role in the maintenance of barrier integrity and host defense. A recent report associated the IL-1 family member IL-33 with stress granules (SGs) in epithelial cells. Formation of SGs is promoted by the aggregation of proteins harboring low complexity regions (LCRs). In this study, using computational analyses, we predicted the presence of LCRs in six of the eleven IL-1 family members. Among these, IL-38 contained a long LCR and localized to Ras GTPase-activating protein binding protein 1 (G3BP1) positive SGs, as well as to G3BP1 negative intracellular protein condensates in keratinocytes exposed to oxidative stress (OS). In addition, we identified two highly aggregation-prone amyloid core (AC) motifs in the IL-38 LCR and detected the formation of amyloid IL-38 aggregates in response to OS in cells and in vitro. Disulfide bond mapping, in silico modelling and the analysis of specific cysteine mutants supported a model in which specific oxidation-sensitive cysteines act as redox switches to modify the conformation of IL-38 and thus the surface exposure of its ACs, shuttling it from a soluble state into biomolecular condensates. Finally, the presence of IL-38 granules in human epidermal layers highly exposed to environmental OS suggests that oxidation-induced formation of amyloid aggregates, as a previously unrecognized intrinsic biological property of IL-38, may be physiologically relevant at this epithelial barrier.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Barreiro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cereghetti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonacini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talabot-Ayer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kieffer-Jaquinod, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swale, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coute, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frances-Monerris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.26.534252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxidation-sensitive cysteines drive IL-38 amyloid formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.25.534127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RFIDeep: Unfolding the Potential of Deep Learning forRadio-Frequency Identification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.25.534127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIAutomatic monitoring of wildlife is becoming a critical tool in the field of ecology. In particular, Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) is now a widespread technology to assess the phenology, breeding, and survival of many species. While RFID produces massive datasets, no established fast and accurate methods are yet available for this type of data processing. Deep learning approaches have been used to overcome similar problems in other scientific fields and hence might hold the potential to overcome these analytical challenges and unlock the full potential of RFID studies.
C_LIO_LIWe present a deep learning workflow, coined "RFIDeep", to derive ecological features, such as breeding status and outcome, from RFID mark-recapture data. To demonstrate the performance of RFIDeep with complex datasets, we used a long-term automatic monitoring of a long-lived seabird that breeds in densely packed colonies, hence with many daily entries and exits.
C_LIO_LITo determine individual breeding status and phenology and for each breeding season, we first developed a one-dimensional convolution neural network (1D-CNN) architecture. Second, to account for variance in breeding phenology and technical limitations of field data acquisition, we built a new data augmentation step mimicking a shift in breeding dates and missing RFID detections, a common issue with RFIDs. Third, to identify the segments of the breeding activity used during classification, we also included a visualisation tool, which allows users to understand what is usually considered a "black box" step of deep learning. With these three steps, we achieved a high accuracy for all breeding parameters: breeding status accuracy = 96.3%; phenological accuracy = 86.9%; breeding success accuracy = 97.3%.
C_LIO_LIRFIDeep has unfolded the potential of artificial intelligence for tracking changes in animal populations, multiplying the benefit of automated mark-recapture monitoring of undisturbed wildlife populations. RFIDeep is an open source code to facilitate the use, adaptation, or enhancement of RFID data in a wide variety of species. In addition to a tremendous time saving for analyzing these large datasets, our study shows the capacities of CNN models to autonomously detect ecologically meaningful patterns in data through visualisation techniques, which are seldom used in ecology.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bardon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cristofari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winterl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barracho, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoiste, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceresa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatelain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtecuisse, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, F. A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauthier-Clerc, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendner, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handrich, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houstin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krellenstein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecomte, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salmon, C.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trucchi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zitterbart, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Bohec, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.25.534127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RFIDeep: Unfolding the Potential of Deep Learning forRadio-Frequency Identification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.534359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ric8 proteins as the neomorphic partners of G alpha o in GNAO1 encephalopathies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.534359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GNAO1 mutated in pediatric encephalopathies encodes the major neuronal G-protein Go. Of >40 pathogenic mutations, most are single amino acid substitutions spreading across Go sequence. We perform extensive characterization of Go mutants showing abnormal GTP uptake and hydrolysis, and deficiencies to bind G{beta}{gamma} and RGS19. Plasma membrane localization of Go is decreased for a subset of mutations that leads to epileptic manifestations. Pathogenic mutants massively gain interaction with Ric8A/B proteins, delocalizing them from cytoplasm to Golgi. Being general G-subunit chaperones and binding multiple other proteins, Ric8A/B likely mediate the disease dominance when engaging in neomorphic interactions with pathogenic Go. As the strength of Go-Ric8B interactions correlates with disease severity, our study further identifies an efficient biomarker and predictor for clinical manifestations in GNAO1 encephalopathies.

One-Sentence SummaryNeomorphic mutations in Go gain dominant interactions with Ric8A/B, correlating with severity in pediatric encephalopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Solis, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koval, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valnohova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savitsky, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katanaev, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.27.534359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ric8 proteins as the neomorphic partners of G alpha o in GNAO1 encephalopathies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.30.534887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
β-helical protein PerA orchestrates antibiotic uptake across the Caulobacter outer membrane via converging stress signaling systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.30.534887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While large membrane-impermeable antibiotics cannot traverse a lipid barrier, spacious importers such as TonB-dependent receptors (TBDRs) can mistakenly ferry antibiotics across the bacterial outer membrane (OM). We discovered that loss of PerA, an enigmatic {beta}-helix protein in the OM of the oligotrophic -proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus, reprograms the OM TBDR proteome from ChvT that imports the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin to an uncharacterized TBDR (BugA) that confers sensitivity to the polypeptide antibiotic bacitracin. Both antibiotics are large zinc-binding molecules that target the peptidoglycan, echoing the zinc stress response induces destabilization of PerA. Inactivation of PerA launches two conserved and interwoven envelope stress programs that remodel the OM with TBDRs, a tripartite multidrug efflux pump and periplasmic proteases. Thus, unanticipated entry routes for antibiotics emerge in stressed diderm bacteria that may be treatable with membrane impermeable antimicrobials owing to an underlying transcriptional stress response pathways coordinated by a novel type of OM regulator.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Costafrolaz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallet, S.-U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomariz, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froehlich, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degeorges, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.30.534887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[β-helical protein PerA orchestrates antibiotic uptake across the Caulobacter outer membrane via converging stress signaling systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting the TCA cycle can ameliorate widespread axonal energy deficiency in neuroinflammatory lesions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) can impair the function of neuronal mitochondria and contributes to axon degeneration in the common neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we combine cell type-specific mitochondrial proteomics with in vivo biosensor imaging to dissect how inflammation alters the molecular composition and functional capacity of neuronal mitochondria. We show that neuroinflammatory lesions in the mouse spinal cord cause widespread and persisting axonal ATP deficiency, which precedes mitochondrial oxidation and calcium overload. This axonal energy deficiency is associated with impaired electron transport chain function, but also an upstream imbalance of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, with several, including key rate-limiting, enzymes being depleted in neuronal mitochondria in experimental models and in MS lesions. Notably, viral overexpression of individual TCA enzymes can ameliorate the axonal energy deficits in neuroinflammatory lesions, suggesting that TCA cycle dysfunction in MS may be amendable to therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engels, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locatelli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fecher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theodorou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licht-Mayer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreutzfeldt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanouilidis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gkotzamani, S.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trovo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendirli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aljovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breckwoldt, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naumann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bareyre, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahad, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtenthaler, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerschensteiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misgeld, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting the TCA cycle can ameliorate widespread axonal energy deficiency in neuroinflammatory lesions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Controlling morpho-electrophysiological variability of neurons with detailed biophysical models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variability is a universal feature among biological units such as neuronal cells as they enable a robust encoding of a high volume of information in neuronal circuits and prevent hyper synchronizations such as epileptic seizures. While most computational studies on electrophysiological variability in neuronal circuits were done with simplified neuron models, we instead focus on the variability of detailed biophysical models of neurons. With measures of experimental variability, we leverage a Markov chain Monte Carlo method to generate populations of electrical models able to reproduce the variability from sets of experimental recordings. By matching input resistances of soma and axon initial segments with the one of dendrites, we produce a compatible set of morphologies and electrical models that faithfully represent a given morpho-electrical type. We demonstrate our approach on layer 5 pyramidal cells with continuous adapting firing type and show that morphological variability is insufficient to reproduce electrical variability. Overall, this approach provides a strong statistical basis to create detailed models of neurons with controlled variability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arnaudon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zbili, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markram, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Geit, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.06.535923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Controlling morpho-electrophysiological variability of neurons with detailed biophysical models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.15.537011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 shifts transcription of host gene to increase Spike acylation and boost infectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.15.537011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 infection requires Spike protein mediating fusion between the viral and cellular membranes. The fusogenic activity of Spike requires its post-translational lipid modification by host S-acyltransferases, predominantly ZDHHC20. Previous observations indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection augments the S-acylation of Spike when compared to transfection. Here, we find that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a change in the transcriptional start site of the zddhc20 gene, both in cells and in an in vivo infection model, resulting in a 67-amino-acid-long N-terminally extended protein with 37-times higher Spike acylating activity, leading to enhanced viral infectivity. Furthermore, we observed the same induced transcriptional change in response to other challenges, such as chemically induced colitis, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 hijacks an existing cell damage response pathway to generate more infectious viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mesquita, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrami, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bracq, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panyain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlevaro-Fita, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trono, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Goot, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.15.537011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 shifts transcription of host gene to increase Spike acylation and boost infectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A minimal physical model for curvotaxis driven by curved protein complexes at the cell's leading edge 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells often migrate on curved surfaces inside the body, such as curved tissues, blood vessels or highly curved protrusions of other cells. Recent in-vitro experiments provide clear evidence that motile cells are affected by the curvature of the substrate on which they migrate, preferring certain curvatures to others, termed "curvotaxis". The origin and underlying mechanism that gives rise to this curvature sensitivity are not well understood. Here, we employ a "minimal cell" model which is composed of a vesicle that contains curved membrane protein complexes, that exert protrusive forces on the membrane (representing the pressure due to actin polymerization). This minimal-cell model gives rise to spontaneous emergence of a motile phenotype, driven by a lamellipodia-like leading edge. By systematically screening the behaviour of this model on different types of curved substrates (sinusoidal, cylinder and tube), we show that minimal ingredients and energy terms capture the experimental data. The model recovers the observed migration on the sinusoidal substrate, where cells move along the grooves (minima), while avoiding motion along the ridges. In addition, the model predicts the tendency of cells to migrate circumferentially on convex substrates and axially on concave ones. Both of these predictions are verified experimentally, on several cell types. Altogether, our results identify the minimization of membrane-substrate adhesion energy and binding energy between the membrane protein complexes as key players of curvotaxis in cell migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sadhu, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luciano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarantola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iglic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbock, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodenschatz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladoux, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GABRIELE, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.19.537490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A minimal physical model for curvotaxis driven by curved protein complexes at the cell's leading edge]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.03.539259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
K29-linked unanchored polyubiquitin chains disrupt ribosome biogenesis and direct ribosomal proteins to the Intranuclear Quality control compartment (INQ) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.03.539259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosome assembly requires precise coordination between the production and assembly of ribosomal components. Mutations in ribosomal proteins that inhibit the assembly process or ribosome function are often associated with Ribosomopathies, some of which are linked to defects in proteostasis. In this study, we examine the interplay between several yeast proteostasis enzymes, including deubiquitylases (DUBs), Ubp2 and Ubp14, and E3 ligases, Ufd4 and Hul5, and we explore their roles in the regulation of the cellular levels of K29-linked unanchored polyubiquitin (polyUb) chains. Accumulating K29-linked unanchored polyUb chains associate with maturing ribosomes to disrupt their assembly, activate the Ribosome assembly stress response (RASTR), and lead to the sequestration of ribosomal proteins at the Intranuclear Quality control compartment (INQ). These findings reveal the physiological relevance of INQ and provide insights into mechanisms of cellular toxicity associated with Ribosomopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garadi Suresh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonneil, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominique, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costanzo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pons, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masinas, M. P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuteriqi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henras, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibault, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.03.539259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[K29-linked unanchored polyubiquitin chains disrupt ribosome biogenesis and direct ribosomal proteins to the Intranuclear Quality control compartment (INQ)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Smc5/6 recognises transcription-generated positive DNA supercoils 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Beyond its essential roles in ensuring faithful chromosome segregation and genomic stability, the human Smc5/6 complex acts as an antiviral factor. It binds to and impedes the transcription of extrachromosomal DNA templates; an ability which is lost upon chromosomal DNA integration. How the complex distinguishes among different DNA templates is unknown. Here we show that, in human cells, Smc5/6 preferentially binds to circular rather than linear extrachromosomal DNA. We further show that this binding is unlikely due to differences in the chromatin composition. Instead, the transcriptional process, per se, and more specifically the accumulation of DNA secondary structures known to be substrates for topoisomerases, is responsible for Smc5/6 recruitment. Those findings, in conjunction with our genome-wide Smc5/6 binding analysis showing that Smc5/6 localizes at few but highly transcribe chromosome loci, reveal a previously unforeseen role of Smc5/6 in DNA topology management during transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castrogiovanni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baechler, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strubin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Smc5/6 recognises transcription-generated positive DNA supercoils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational principles of adaptive multisensory combination in the Drosophila larva 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many sensory systems have evolved to optimally combine signals from multiple sensory modalities to improve perception. While theories have been proposed to explain how this process is accomplished through probabilistic inference using large neural populations in vertebrates, how animals with dramatically smaller nervous systems such as the Drosophila melanogaster larva achieve multisensory combination remains elusive. Here, we systematically characterize larval navigation in different configurations of odor and temperature gradients with optogenetically-controlled noise. Using a data-driven agent-based model, we find that larvae adapt to the reliability of individual sensory signals, and in some cases minimize the variance of the combined signal. Besides firmly establishing that probabilistic inference directs natural orientation behaviors in the Drosophila larva, our results indicate that the exact mechanism underlying the combination of sensory information may be modality-dependent. By underscoring that probabilistic inference is inherent to insect nervous systems, our work opens the way for studying its neural implementation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malagarriga, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moehlis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno Bote, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational principles of adaptive multisensory combination in the Drosophila larva]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.539942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing fibrinolysis under flow conditions: a simplified mesoscale 3D model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.539942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the routine clinical treatments to eliminate ischemic stroke thrombi is injecting a biochemical product into the patients bloodstream, which breaks down the thrombis fibrin fibers: intravenous or intravascular thrombolysis. However, this procedure is not without risk for the patient; the worst circumstances can cause a brain hemorrhage or embolism that can be fatal. Improvement in patient management drastically reduced these risks, and patients who benefited from thrombolysis soon after the onset of the stroke have a significantly better 3-month prognosis, but treatment success is highly variable. The causes of this variability remain unclear, and it is likely that some fundamental aspects still require thorough investigations. For that reason, we conducted in vitro flow-driven fibrinolysis experiments to study pure fibrin thrombi breakdown in controlled conditions and observed that the lysis front evolved non-linearly in time. To understand these results, we developed an analytical 1D lysis model in which the thrombus is considered a porous medium. The lytic cascade is reduced to a second-order reaction involving fibrin and a surrogate pro-fibrinolytic agent. The model was able to reproduce the observed lysis evolution under the assumptions of constant fluid velocity and lysis occurring only at the front. For adding complexity, such as clot heterogeneity or complex flow conditions, we propose a 3-dimensional mesoscopic numerical model of blood flow and fibrinolysis, which validates the analytical models results. Such a numerical model could help us better understand the spatial evolution of the thrombi breakdown, extract the most relevant physiological parameters to lysis efficiency, and possibly explain the failure of the clinical treatment. These findings suggest that even though real-world fibrinolysis is a complex biological process, a simplified model can recover the main features of lysis evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petkantchin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousseau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eker, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudjeltia, K. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raynaud, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.09.539942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing fibrinolysis under flow conditions: a simplified mesoscale 3D model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The action of physiological and synthetic steroids on the calcium channel CatSper in human sperm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sperm-specific channel CatSper (cation channel of sperm) controls the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and plays an essential role in sperm function. It is mainly activated by the steroid progesterone (P4) but is also promiscuously activated by a wide range of synthetic and physiological compounds. These compounds include diverse steroids whose action on the channel is so far still controversial. To investigate the effect of these compounds on CatSper and sperm function, we developed a high-throughput-screening (HTS) assay to measure changes in [Ca2+]i in human sperm and screened 1,280 approved and off-patent drugs including 90 steroids from the Prestwick chemical library. More than half of the steroids tested (53%) induced an increase in [Ca2+]i and reduced the P4-induced Ca2+ influx in human sperm in a dose-dependent manner. Ten of the most potent steroids (activating and inhibiting) were selected for a detailed analysis of their action on CatSper and their ability to act on sperm motility, acrosomal exocytosis (AR), and penetration in viscous media. We found that these steroids show an inhibitory effect on P4 but not on prostaglandin E1-induced CatSper activation, suggesting that they compete for the same binding site as P4. Pregnenolone, dydrogesterone, epiandrosterone, nandrolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone acetate (DHEA) were found to activate CatSper at physiological concentrations. Stanozolol, epiandrosterone, and pregnenolone induced AR similarly to P4, whereas stanozolol and estropipate induced an increase in sperm penetration into viscous medium. Furthermore, using a hybrid approach integrating pharmacophore analysis and statistical modelling, we were able to screen in silico for steroids that can activate the channel and define the physicochemical and structural properties required for a steroid to exhibit agonist activity against CatSper. Overall, our results indicate that not only physiological but also synthetic steroids can modulate the activity of CatSper with varying potency and affect human sperm functions in vitro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wehrli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galdadas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voirol, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smiesko, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cambet, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaquet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahban, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.10.540165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The action of physiological and synthetic steroids on the calcium channel CatSper in human sperm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.539849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chondrogenic Enhancer Landscape of Limb and Axial Skeleton Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.539849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The precisely orchestrated differentiation of chondrocytes during skeleton development is a critical determinant of human height and body shape and disruptions of this process can cause severe skeletal abnormalities. The ultimate size and shape of each of over 200 bones depends on the intricate spatiotemporal regulation of chondrogenic and chondrocyte differentiation genes, but the genomic architecture coordinating these events remains poorly defined. Here we provide a comprehensive map of transcriptional enhancers specifically active in chondrocytes and show that they provide a mechanistic framework through which noncoding genetic variants can influence human stature. We isolated limb and trunk fetal chondrocytes from mice with a Col2a1 fluorescent regulatory sensor and used RNA-seq to identify 780 genes that are specifically expressed during chondrogenesis. To create cell type-specific enhancer maps, we performed ATAC-seq to map open chromatin regions and ChIP-seq for H3K27ac, an enhancer-associated histone modification, and identified 2704 putative chondrogenic enhancer regions. Most (74%) of these enhancers showed pan-chondrogenic activity, with smaller populations being restricted to limb (18%) or trunk (8%) chondrocytes only. We found that chondrogenic enhancers are enriched for the binding of several chondrogenic transcription factors including SOX9. Finally, we find that genetic variation overlapping chondrogenic enhancers explains a higher fraction of the heritability of human adult height than the one overlapping non-chondrogenic enhancers. This data provides a comprehensive mapping of the chondrogenic enhancer repertoire, paving the way to interpreting the role of non-coding sequence polymorphisms in phenotypic variation and bone diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramisch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosicki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.10.539849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chondrogenic Enhancer Landscape of Limb and Axial Skeleton Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/003202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TCF7L2 is a master regulator of insulin production and processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/003202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although variants in the T-cell factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) confer the strongest risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by presumed effects on islet function, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We have identified TCF7L2-target genes and described the regulatory network downstream of TCF7L2 responsible for its effect on insulin secretion in rodents and human pancreatic islets. ISL1 is a direct target of TCF7L2 and regulates proinsulin production and processing via MAFA, PDX1, NKX6.1, PCSK1 and PCSK2 and possibly clearance of proinsulin via SLC30A8. Taken together, these results demonstrate that not only synthesis of proinsulin is regulated by TCF7L2, but also processing and possibly clearance of proinsulin and insulin in a genotype dependent manner. These multiple targets in key pathways may explain why TCF7L2 has emerged as the gene showing the strongest association with T2D.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuedan Zhou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soo-Young Park</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing Su</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathleen Bailey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emilia Ottosson-Laakso</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liliya Shcerbina</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolay Oskolkov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enming Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas Thevenin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo?o Fadista</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedvig Bennet</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petter Vikman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nils Wierup</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malin Fex</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johan Rung</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claes Wollheim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcelo Nobrega</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erik Renstr?m</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leif Groop</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ola Hansson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/003202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TCF7L2 is a master regulator of insulin production and processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/010074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
largeQvalue: A program for calculating FDR estimates with large datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/010074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This is an implementation of the R statistical software qvalue package [Dabney et al., 2014], designed for use with large datasets where memory or computation time is limiting. In addition to estimating p values adjusted for multiple testing, the software outputs a script which can be pasted into R to produce diagnostic plots and parameter estimates. This program runs almost 30 times faster and requests substantially less memory than the qvalue package when analysing 10 million p values on a high performance cluster. The software has been used to control for the multiple testing of 390 million tests when analysing a full cis scan of RNA-seq exon level gene expression from the Eurobats project [Brown et al., 2014]. The source code and links to executable files for linux and Mac OSX can be found here: https://github.com/abrown25/qvalue. Help for the package can be found by running ./largeQvalue --help.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andrew Anand Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/010074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[largeQvalue: A program for calculating FDR estimates with large datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/016154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathway based factor analysis of gene expression data produces highly heritable phenotypes that associate with age 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/016154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Statistical factor analysis methods have previously been used to remove noise components from high dimensional data prior to genetic association mapping, and in a guided fashion to summarise biologically relevant sources of variation. Here we show how the derived factors summarising pathway expression can be used to analyse the relationships between expression, heritability and ageing. We used skin gene expression data from 647 twins from the MuTHER Consortium and applied factor analysis to concisely summarise patterns of gene expression, both to remove broad confounding influences and to produce concise pathway-level phenotypes. We derived 930 "pathway phe-notypes" which summarised patterns of variation across 186 KEGG pathways (five phenotypes per pathway). We identified 69 significant associations of age with phenotype from 57 distinct KEGG pathways at a stringent Bon-ferroni threshold (P < 5.38 x 10-5). These phenotypes are more heritable (h2 = 0.32) than gene expression levels. On average, expression levels of 16% of genes within these pathways are associated with age. Several significant pathways relate to metabolising sugars and fatty acids, others with insulin signalling. We have demonstrated that factor analysis methods combined with biological knowledge can produce more reliable phenotypes with less stochastic noise than the individual gene expression levels, which increases our power to discover biologically relevant associations. These phenotypes could also be applied to discover associations with other environmental factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andrew Anand Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhihao Ding</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ana Viñuela</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan Glass</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leopold Parts</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy Spector</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John Winn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard Durbin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/016154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathway based factor analysis of gene expression data produces highly heritable phenotypes that associate with age]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ~2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the X-chromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, p = 5.87x10-9; odds ratio = 1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, p = 4.53x10-9; odds ratio = 1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liping Hou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarah E Bergen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nirmala Akula</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jie Song</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christina M Hultman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikael Landen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazda Adli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin Alda</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffaella Ardau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbara Arias</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Michel Aubry</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lena Backlund</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Judith A Badner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas B Barrett</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Bauer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhard T Baune</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank Bellivier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonio Benabarre</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susanne Bengesser</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade H Berrettini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joanna M Biernacka</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armin Birner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cinnamon S Bloss</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clara Brichant-Petitjean</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elise T Bui</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William Byerley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pablo Cervantes</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caterina Chillotti</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sven Cichon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francesc Colom</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William Coryell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David W Craig</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cristiana Cruceanu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piotr M Czerski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tony Davis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre Dayer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franziska Degenh</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/044412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic epidemiology of global Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing E. coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111914v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dissemination of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli has major implications for the management of common human infections. blaKPC, encoding a transmissible carbapenemase (KPC), has historically largely been associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, a predominant plasmid (pKpQIL), and a specific transposable element (Tn4401, ~10kb). Here we characterize the genetic features of the emergence of blaKPC in global E. coli, 2008-2013, using both long-and short-read whole genome sequencing.nnAmongst 43/45 successfully sequenced blaKPC-E. coli strains, we identified high strain (n=21 sequence types, 18% of annotated genes in the core genome); plasmid ([&ge;]9 replicon types); and blaKPC-associated, mobile genetic element (MGE) diversity (50% not within complete Tn4401 elements). We also found evidence of interspecies, regional and international plasmid spread. In several cases blaKPC was found on high copy number, small Col-like plasmids, previously associated with horizontal transmission of resistance genes in the absence of antimicrobial selection pressures.nnE. coli is a common human pathogen, but also a commensal in a multiple environmental and animal reservoirs, and easily transmissible. The association of blaKPC with a range of MGEs previously linked to the successful spread of widely endemic resistance mechanisms (e.g. blaTEM, blaCTX-M) suggests that it is likely to become similarly prevalent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stoesser, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheppard, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peirano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anson, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pankhurst, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasarskis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathers, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peto, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradford, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Motyl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Modernising Medical Microbiology Informatics G,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crook, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitout, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/111914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic epidemiology of global Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing E. coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intragenomic Redistribution Of Host Transcription Factor Binding With Toxoplasma gondii Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii modifies a number of host cell processes. The mechanisms by which T. gondii alters host gene expression are incompletely understood. This study focuses on how the regulators of gene expression in human host cells respond to T. gondii 24 hours following infection to cause specific patterns of transcriptional dysregulation. The most striking finding was the altered landscape of transposase-accessible chromatin by infection. We found both gains and losses of loci of open chromatin enriched in proximity to transcriptionally altered genes. Both DNA sequence motif analysis at the loci changing chromatin accessibility and network analysis of the genes with transcription and regulatory changes implicate a central role for the AP-1 transcription factor. We validated the redistribution of AP-1 in the host genome using chromatin immunoprecipitation studies of the c-Fos component of AP-1. As infection with T. gondii is associated with the cell failing to progress through the cell cycle, all of the changes observed occur in the absence of cell division and within 24 hours, an insight into the dynamism of these transcriptional regulatory events. We conclude that T. gondii infection influences transcriptional regulation through transcription factor re-targeting to modify the cis-regulatory landscape of the host nucleus.nnAUTHOR SUMMARYThe complex interactions between the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii and the host cell manifest as expression changes of host genes. T. gondiis secreted effectors have been extensively studied and include factors that influence the properties of transcription factors, resulting in post-translational modifications and changes in intracellular localization. To gain insights into how T. gondii exerts specific influences on host transcriptional regulation, we used genome-wide approaches to study gene expression, cytosine modifications, and chromatin structure of the host cell 24 hours after infection. The greatest insights were gained from the mapping of loci of transposase-accessible chromatin, revealing a consistently altered pattern of a subset of loci becoming inaccessible, with the simultaneous acquisition of a new set of infection-associated loci of open chromatin. The sequences at these loci were enriched for certain transcription factor binding motifs, in particular that of AP-1, the transcription factor formed by c-Jun and c-Fos heterodimers. Network analysis revealed a central role for c-Jun and c-Fos in the infection-associated perturbations, prompting a chromatin immunoprecipitation approach that confirmed the redistribution of c-Fos in infected cells. We conclude that a T. gondii infection leads to an intragenomic redistribution of host transcription factor binding, with resulting effects on host gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ulahannan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simoes-Pires, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wicik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijetunga, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croken, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharyya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maqbool, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greally, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/132076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intragenomic Redistribution Of Host Transcription Factor Binding With Toxoplasma gondii Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/141176v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MATAM: Reconstruction Of Phylogenetic Marker Genes From Short Sequencing Reads In Metagenomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/141176v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationAdvances in the sequencing of uncultured environmental samples, dubbed metagenomics, raise a growing need for accurate taxonomic assignment. Accurate identification of organisms present within a community is essential to understanding even the most elementary ecosystems. However, current high-throughput sequencing technologies generate short reads which partially cover full-length marker genes and this poses difficult bioinformatic challenges for taxonomy identification at high resolutionnnResultsWe designed MATAM, a software dedicated to the fast and accurate targeted assembly of short reads sequenced from a genomic marker of interest. The method implements a stepwise process based on construction and analysis of a read overlap graph. It is applied to the assembly of 16S rRNA markers and is validated on simulated, synthetic and genuine metagenomes. We show that MATAM outperforms other available methods in terms of low error rates and recovered genome fractions and is suitable to provide improved assemblies for precise taxonomic assignments.nnAvailabilityhttps://github.com/bonsai-team/matamnnContactpierre.pericard@gmail.com, helene.touzet@univ-lille1.fr
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pericard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dufresne, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanquart, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Touzet, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/141176</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MATAM: Reconstruction Of Phylogenetic Marker Genes From Short Sequencing Reads In Metagenomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/142299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mosaic Chromosomal Aneuploidy Detection By Sequencing (MAD-seq) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/142299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current approaches to detect and characterize mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy are limited by sensitivity, efficiency, cost or the need to culture cells. We describe a combination of a new sequencing-based assay and a novel analytical approach that allows low levels of mosaicism for chromosomal aneuploidy to be detected, assigned to a meiotic or mitotic origin, and quantified as a proportion of the cells in the sample. We show results from a multi-ethnic assay design that is suitable for populations of diverse racial and ethnic origins, and how the MADSEQ analytical approach applied to exome sequencing data reveals unrecognized aneuploidy in 1000 Genomes samples and cell lines from public repositories. We have made the assay design and analytical software open for unrestricted use, with the goal that it can be applied in clinical samples to allow new insights into the unrecognized prevalence of mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy and its phenotypic associations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berko, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcketta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maqbool, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simoes-Pires, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kronn, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, K. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greally, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/142299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mosaic Chromosomal Aneuploidy Detection By Sequencing (MAD-seq)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.916254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
p.E152K-STIM1 mutation deregulates Ca2+ signaling contributing to chronic pancreatitis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.916254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since deregulation of intracellular Ca2+ can lead to intracellular trypsin activation and STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule-1) protein is the main regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis in pancreatic acinar cells, we explored the Ca2+ signaling in 37 STIM1 variants found in three pancreatitis patient cohorts. Extensive functional analysis of one particular variant, p.E152K, identified in three patients, provided a plausible link between dysregulated Ca2+ signaling within pancreatic acinar cells and chronic pancreatitis susceptibility. Specifically, p.E152K, located within the STIM1 EF-hand and sterile -motif domain, increased the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum in patient-derived fibroblasts and transfected HEK293T cells. This event was mediated by altered STIM1-sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA) interactions and enhanced SERCA pump activity leading to increased Store Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE). In the pancreatic AR42J cells expressing the p.E152K variant, Ca2+-signaling perturbations correlated with defects in trypsin activation and secretion, and increased cytotoxicity after cholecystokinin stimulation.

Summary statementp.E152K-STIM1 variant found in pancreatitis patients leads to intracellular changes in calcium homeostasis through SERCA interaction, enabling intracellular trypsin activation and pancreatic acinar cell death.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burgos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillipe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antigny, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buscaglia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Marechal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campeotto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebonvallet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llopis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domingo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stathopulos, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guida, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferec, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capiod, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mignen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.22.916254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[p.E152K-STIM1 mutation deregulates Ca2+ signaling contributing to chronic pancreatitis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.29.971119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Validity of dynamical analysis to characterize heart rate and oxygen consumption during effort tests 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.29.971119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Performance is usually assessed by simple indices stemming from cardiac and respiratory data measured during graded exercise test. The goal of this study is to test the interest of using a dynamical analysis of these data. Therefore, two groups of 32 and 14 athletes from two different cohorts performed two different graded exercise testing before and after a period of training or deconditioning. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured. The new dynamical indices were the value without effort, the characteristic time and the amplitude (gain) of the HR and VO2 response to the effort. The gain of HR was moderately to strongly associated with other performance indices, while the gain for VO2 increased with training and decreased with deconditioning with an effect size slightly higher than VO2 max. Dynamical analysis performed on the first 2/3 of the effort tests showed similar patterns than the analysis of the entire effort tests, which could be useful to assess individuals who cannot perform full effort tests. In conclusion, the dynamical analysis of HR and VO2 obtained during effort test, especially through the estimation of the gain, provides a good characterization of physical performance, robust to less stringent effort test conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mongin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uribe Caparros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hue, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvero Cruz, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courvoisier, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.29.971119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Validity of dynamical analysis to characterize heart rate and oxygen consumption during effort tests]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.971929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The complex relationship between effort and heart rate: a hint from dynamical analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.971929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heart rate during effort test has been previously successfully adjusted with a simple first order differential equation with constant coefficients driven by the body power expenditure. Although producing proper estimation and yielding pertinent indices to analyze such measurement, this approach suffers from its inability to model the saturation of the heart rate increase at high power expenditure and the change of heart rate equilibrium after effort. The objective of the present study is to improve this model by considering that the amplitude of the heart rate response to effort (gain) depends on the power expenditure value. Therefore, heart rate and oxygen consumption of 30 amateur athletes were measured while they performed a maximum graded treadmill effort test. The proposed model was able to predict 99% of the measured heart rate variance during exercise. The gains estimated at the different power expenditures were constant but noisy before the first ventilatory threshold, stable and decreasing slightly with power increase between the two ventilatory thresholds, before decreasing in a more pronounced manner after the second ventilatory threshold. The slope of the decrease of heart rate gain with power expenditure was correlated with the deflection angle of the heart rate performance curve and with the maximum oxygen consumption. These results reflect the changes of metabolic energy systems at play during the effort test and are consistent with the analysis of the heart rate performance curve given by the Conconi method, thus validating our new approach to analyze heart rate during effort test.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mongin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uribe Caparros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vico Guzman, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hue, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvero Cruz, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courvoisier, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.01.971929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The complex relationship between effort and heart rate: a hint from dynamical analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.02.972711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adipose-tissue derived signals control bone remodelling. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.02.972711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long bones from mammals host blood cell formation and contain multiple cell types, including adipocytes. Physiological functions of bone marrow adipocytes are poorly documented. Herein, we used adipocyte-deficient PPAR{gamma}-whole body null mice to investigate the consequence of total adipocyte deficiency on bone homeostasis in mice. We first highlight the dual bone phenotype of PPAR{gamma} null mice: on the one hand the increase bone formation and subsequent trabecularization extending in the long bone diaphysis, due to the well-known impact of PPAR{gamma} deficiency on osteoblasts formation and activity; on the other hand, an increased osteoclastogenesis in the cortical bone. We then further explore the cause of this unexpected increased osteoclastogenesis using two independent models of lipoatrophy, which recapitulated this phenotype. This demonstrates that hyperosteoclastogenesis is not intrinsically linked to PPAR{gamma} deficiency, but is a consequence of the total lipodystrophy. We further showed that adiponectin, a cytokine produced by adipocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, pharmacological activation of adiponectin receptors by the synthetic agonist AdipoRon inhibits mature osteoclast activity both in mouse and human cells by blocking podosome formation through AMPK activation. Finally, we demonstrated that AdipoRon treatment blocks bone erosion in vivo in a murine model of inflammatory bone loss, providing potential new approaches to treat osteoporosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madel, M.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierroz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiffrin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pochon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toffoli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jouzeau, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilardi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BLIN-WAKKACH, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desvergne, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MOULIN, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.02.972711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adipose-tissue derived signals control bone remodelling.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of light harvesting in Chlamydomonas: two protein phosphatases are involved in state transitions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein phosphorylation plays important roles in short-term regulation of photosynthetic electron transfer. In a mechanism known as state transitions, the kinase STATE TRANSITION 7 (STT7) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii phosphorylates components of light-harvesting antenna complex II (LHCII). This reversible phosphorylation governs the dynamic allocation of a part of LHCII to photosystem I or photosystem II, depending on light conditions and metabolic demands. Little is however known in the green alga on the counteracting phosphatase(s). In Arabidopsis, the homologous kinase STN7 is specifically antagonized by PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1/THYLAKOID-ASSOCIATED PHOSPHATASE 38 (PPH1/TAP38). Furthermore, the paralogous kinase STN8 and the countering phosphatase PHOTOSYSTEM II PHOSPHATASE (PBCP), which count subunits of PSII amongst their major targets, influence thylakoid architecture and high-light tolerance. Here we analyze state transitions in C. reinhardtii mutants of the two homologous phosphatases, CrPPH1 and CrPBCP. The transition from state 2 to state 1 is retarded in pph1, and surprisingly also in pbcp. However both mutants can eventually return to state 1. In contrast, the double mutant pph1;pbcp appears strongly locked in state 2. The complex phosphorylation patterns of the LHCII trimers and of the monomeric subunits are affected in the phosphatase mutants. Their analysis indicates that the two phosphatases have different yet overlapping sets of protein targets. The dual control of thylakoid protein de-phosphorylation and the more complex antenna phosphorylation patterns in Chlamydomonas compared to Arabidopsis are discussed in the context of the stronger amplitude of state transitions and the more diverse LHCII isoforms in the alga.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cariti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chazaux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legendre-Lefebvre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longoni, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghysels, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldschmidt-Clermont, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.018721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of light harvesting in Chlamydomonas: two protein phosphatases are involved in state transitions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.042689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating the origin and consequences of endogenous default options in repeated economic choices. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.042689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Classical value-based decision theories state that economic choices are solely based on the value of available options. Experimental evidence suggests, however, that individuals choices are biased towards default options, prompted by the framing of decisions. Although the effects of default options created by exogenous framing - such as how choice options are displayed - are well-documented, little is known about the potential effects and properties of endogenous framing, that is, originating from an individuals internal state. In this study, we investigated the existence and properties of endogenous default options in a task involving choices between risky lotteries. By manipulating and examining the effects of three experimental features - time pressure, time spent on task and relative choice proportion towards a specific option -, we reveal and dissociate two features of endogenous default options which bias individuals choices: a natural tendency to prefer certain types of options (natural default), and the tendency to implicitly learn a default option from past choices (learned default). Additional analyses suggest that while the natural default may bias the standard choice process towards an option category, the learned default effects may be attributable to a second independent choice process. Overall, these investigations provide a first experimental evidence of how individuals build and apply diverse endogenous default options in economic decision-making and how this biases their choices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Couto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Maanen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebreton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.15.042689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating the origin and consequences of endogenous default options in repeated economic choices.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.054643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of intracellular energy supplies by cell cycle kinetics using a single cell approach. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.054643v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both proliferative and anti-proliferative pathways are induced after acute kidney injury. The consequences of proliferation on energy homeostasis and cell viability are unknown. We hypothesized that proliferation regulation is an important determinant of epithelial fate after acute kidney injury. We studied the relationship between proliferation and cell viability in kidney tubular cells. We then analyzed the effect of proliferation on the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio. Finally, we used transcriptomic data from transplanted kidneys to study the relationship between cell proliferation and energy production with different clinical evolutions. We found that proliferation is associated with decreased survival after toxic or energetic stresses in kidney proximal tubular cells. In vitro, we found that the ATP/ADP ratio oscillates reproducibly throughout the cell cycle, and that proliferation is instrumental to an overall decrease in intracellular ATP/ADP ratio. In vivo, in injured kidneys, we found that proliferation was strongly associated with a specific decrease in the expression of the mitochondria-encoded genes of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway as opposed to the nucleus-encoded ones. These observations suggest that mitochondrial function is the limiting factor for energy production in kidney cells proliferating after injury. The association of increased proliferation and decreased mitochondrial function was associated with poor renal outcomes. In summary, we show that proliferation is an energy demanding process impairing the cellular ability to cope with a toxic or ischemic injury, identifying the association of proliferative repair and metabolic recovery as indispensable and interdependent features for successful kidney repair.

One Sentence SummaryProliferation decreases energy availability in kidney epithelial cells and is associated with enhanced cell death and chronic kidney disease in case of a superimposed metabolic stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galichon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lannoy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandermeersch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valerius, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadchouel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonventre, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.054643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of intracellular energy supplies by cell cycle kinetics using a single cell approach.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.095216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intraflagellar transport during the assembly of flagella of different length in Trypanosoma brucei isolated from tsetse flies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.095216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multicellular organisms assemble cilia and flagella of precise lengths differing from one cell to another, yet little is known about the mechanisms governing these differences. Similarly, protists assemble flagella of different lengths according to the stage of their life cycle. This is the case of Trypanosoma brucei that assembles flagella of 3 to 30 {micro}m during its development in the tsetse fly. It provides an opportunity to examine how cells naturally modulate organelle length. Flagella are constructed by addition of new blocks at their distal end via intraflagellar transport (IFT). Immunofluorescence assays, 3-D electron microscopy and live cell imaging revealed that IFT was present in all life cycle stages. IFT proteins are concentrated at the base, IFT trains are located along doublets 3-4 & 7-8 and travel bidirectionally in the flagellum. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the total amount of IFT proteins correlates with the length of the flagellum. Surprisingly, the shortest flagellum exhibited a supplementary large amount of dynamic IFT material at its distal end. The contribution of IFT and other factors to the regulation of flagellum length is discussed.

Summary statementThis work investigated the assembly of flagella of different length during the development of Trypanosoma brucei in the tsetse fly, revealing a direct correlation between the amount of intraflagellar transport proteins and flagellum length.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bertiaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotureau, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.095216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intraflagellar transport during the assembly of flagella of different length in Trypanosoma brucei isolated from tsetse flies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.28.120782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Database for drug metabolism and comparisons, NICEdrug.ch, aids discovery and design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.28.120782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The discovery of a drug requires over a decade of enormous research and financial investments--and still has a high risk of failure. To reduce this burden, we developed the NICEdrug.ch database, which incorporates 250,000 bio-active molecules, and studied their metabolic targets, fate, and toxicity. NICEdrug.ch includes a unique fingerprint that identifies reactive similarities between drug-drug and drug-metabolite pairs. We use NICEdrug.ch to evaluate inhibition and toxicity by the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil, and suggest avenues to alleviate its side effects. Clustering based on this fingerprint in statins identified drugs for repurposing. We propose shikimate 3-phosphate for targeting liver-stage malaria with minimal impact on the human host cell. Finally, NICEdrug.ch suggests over 1,300 drugs and food molecules to target COVID-19 and explains their inhibitory mechanisms. The NICEdrug.ch database is accessible online to systematically identify the reactivity of small molecules and druggable enzymes with practical applications in lead discovery and drug repurposing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MohammadiPeyhani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiappino-Pepe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddadi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadadi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzimanikatis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.28.120782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Database for drug metabolism and comparisons, NICEdrug.ch, aids discovery and design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.03.131979v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Examining and fine-tuning the selection of glycan compositions with GlyConnect Compozitor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.03.131979v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A key point in achieving accurate intact glycopeptide identification is the definition of the glycan composition file that is used to match experimental with theoretical masses by a glycoproteomics search engine. At present, these files are mainly built from searching the literature and/or querying data sources focused on posttranslational modifications. Most glycoproteomics search engines include a default composition file that is readily used when processing mass spectrometry data. We introduce here a glycan composition visualising and comparative tool associated with the GlyConnect database and called GlyConnect Compozitor. It has web interface through which the database can be queried to bring out contextual information relative to a set of glycan compositions. The tool takes advantage of compositions being related to one another through shared monosaccharide counts and outputs interactive graphs summarising information searched in the database. These results provide a guide for selecting or deselecting compositions in a file in order to reflect the context of a study as closely as possible. As part of the tool collection of the Glycomics@ExPASy initiative, Compozitor is hosted at https://glyconnect.expasy.org/compozitor/ where it can be run as a web application. It is also directly accessible from the GlyConnect database.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariethoz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisacek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.03.131979</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Examining and fine-tuning the selection of glycan compositions with GlyConnect Compozitor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.136515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional synchronization between hippocampal sEEG, parietal ECoG and scalp EEG during a verbal working memory task. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.136515v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe maintenance of items in working memory (WM) relies on a widespread network of brain areas where synchronization between electrophysiological recordings may reflect functional coupling. While the coupling from hippocampus to scalp EEG is well established, we provide here direct cortical recordings for a fine-grained analysis.

MethodsA patient performed a WM task where a string of letters was presented all at once, thus separating the encoding period from the maintenance period. We recorded sEEG from the hippocampus, temporo-parietal ECoG from a 64-contact grid electrode, and scalp EEG.

ResultsPower spectral density (PSD) showed a clear task dependence: PSD in the posterior parietal lobe (10 Hz) and in the hippocampus (20 Hz) peaked towards the end of the maintenance period.

Inter-area synchronization was characterized by the phase locking value (PLV). WM maintenance enhanced PLV between hippocampal sEEG and scalp EEG specifically in the theta range [6 7] Hz.

PLV from hippocampus to parietal cortex increased during maintenance in the [9 10] Hz alpha and the 20 Hz range.

When analyzing the information flow to and from auditory cortex by Granger causality, the flow was from auditory cortex to hippocampus with a peak in the [8 18] Hz range while letters were presented, and this flow was subsequently reversed during maintenance, while letters were maintained in memory.

ConclusionsThe increased functional interaction between hippocampus and cortex through synchronized oscillatory activity and the directed information flow provide physiological basis for reverberation of memory items during maintenance. This points to a network for working memory that is bound by coherent oscillations involving cortical areas and hippocampus.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHippocampal activity is known for its role in cognitive tasks involving episodic memory or spatial navigation, but its role in working memory and its sensitivity to workload is still under debate. Here, we investigated hippocampal and cortical activity while a subject maintained sets of letters in verbal working memory for a few seconds to guide action.

After confirming the coupling between hippocampal oscillations and oscillations on the scalp, we found during maintenance that hippocampal oscillations increased coupling differentially to several areas of cortex by recording directly from the cortex.. During encoding of the letters, information flow was from auditory cortex to hippocampus and subsequently reversed during maintenance, thus providing a physiological basis for memory encoding and maintenance.

This demonstrates a network for working memory that is bound by coherent oscillations that underlie the functional connectivity between cortical areas and hippocampus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dimakopoulos, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilfiker, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stieglitz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megevand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarnthein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.05.136515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional synchronization between hippocampal sEEG, parietal ECoG and scalp EEG during a verbal working memory task.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.09.143263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms Coordinating Ribosomal Protein Gene Transcription in Response to Stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.09.143263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While expression of ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively studied, a longstanding enigma persists regarding their co-regulation under fluctuating nutrient and stress conditions. Most (<90%) of RPG promoters display one of two distinct arrangements of a core set of transcription factors (TFs; Rap1, Fhl1 and Ifh1) and are further differentiated by the presence or absence of the HMGB box protein Hmo1. However, a third group of promoters appears not to bind any of these proteins, raising the question of how the whole suite of genes is co-regulated. We demonstrate that all RPGs are regulated by two distinct, but complementary mechanisms driven by the TFs Ifh1 and Sfp1, both of which are required for maximal expression in optimal conditions and coordinated down-regulation upon stress. At the majority of RPG promoters Ifh1-dependent regulation predominates, whereas Sfp1 plays the major role at all other genes. We also uncovered an unexpected, protein homeostasis-dependent binding property of Hmo1 at a large subset of RPG promoters. Finally, we show that the Ifh1 paralog Crf1, previously described as a transcriptional repressor, can act as a constitutive RPG activator in the W303 strain background when overexpressed. Our study thus provides a more complete picture of RPG regulation and may serve as a paradigm for unravelling RPG regulation in multicellular eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zencir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rueda, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.09.143263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms Coordinating Ribosomal Protein Gene Transcription in Response to Stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.196659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence accumulation determines conscious access 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.196659v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fundamental scientific question concerns the neuronal basis of perceptual consciousness, which encompasses the perceptual experience and reflexive monitoring associated with a sensory event. Although recent human studies identified individual neurons reflecting stimulus visibility, their functional role for perceptual consciousness remains unknown. Here, we provide neuronal and computational evidence indicating that perceptual and reflexive consciousness are governed by an all-or-none process involving accumulation of perceptual evidence. We recorded single-neuron activity in a participant with a microelectrode implant in the posterior parietal cortex, considered a substrate for evidence accumulation, while he detected vibrotactile stimuli around detection threshold and provided confidence estimates. We found that detected stimuli elicited firing rate patterns resembling evidence accumulation during decision-making, irrespective of response effectors. Similar neurons encoded the intensity of task-irrelevant stimuli, suggesting their role for consciousness per se, irrespective of report. We generalized these findings in healthy volunteers using electroencephalography and reproduced their behavioral and neural responses with a computational model. This model considered stimulus detection if accumulated evidence reached a bound, and confidence as the distance between maximal evidence and that bound. Applying this mechanism to our neuronal data, we were able to decode single-trial confidence ratings both for detected and undetected stimuli. Our results show that the specific gradual changes in neuronal dynamics during evidence accumulation govern perceptual consciousness and reflexive monitoring in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael Pereira</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierre Megevand</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi Xue Tan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenwen Chang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuo Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Rezai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margitta Seeck</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marco Corniola</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahan Momjian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fosco Bernasconi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olaf Blanke</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathan Faivre</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.10.196659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence accumulation determines conscious access]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.216333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CglB adhesins secreted at bacterial focal adhesions mediate gliding motility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.216333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe predatory deltaproteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus uses a helically-trafficked motor at bacterial focal adhesion (bFA) sites to power gliding motility. Using TIRF and force microscopy, we herein identify the integrin I-domain-like outer-membrane (OM) lipoprotein CglB as an essential substratum-coupling protein of the gliding motility complex. Similar to most known OM lipoproteins, CglB is anchored on the periplasmic side of the OM and thus a mechanism must exist to secrete it to the cell surface in order for it to interact with the underlying substratum. We reveal this process to be mediated by a predicted OM {beta}-barrel structure of the gliding complex. This OM platform was found to regulate the conformational activation and secretion of CglB across the OM. These data suggest that the gliding complex promotes surface exposure of CglB at bFAs, thus explaining the manner by which forces exerted by inner-membrane motors are transduced across the cell envelope to the substratum; they also uncover a novel protein secretion mechanism, highlighting the ubiquitous connection between secretion and bacterial motility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Islam, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>My, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolivet, N. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belgrave, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleuchot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brasseur, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faure, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemon, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saidi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiche, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bratton, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garza, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nollmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaevitz, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mignot, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.22.216333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CglB adhesins secreted at bacterial focal adhesions mediate gliding motility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.211979v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local structure of DNA toroids reveals curvature-dependent intermolecular forces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.211979v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In viruses and cells, DNA is closely packed and tightly curved thanks to polyvalent cations inducing an effective attraction between its negatively charged filaments. Our understanding of this effective attraction remains very incomplete, partly because experimental data is limited to bulk measurements on large samples of mostly uncurved DNA helices. Here we use cryo electron microscopy to shed light on the interaction between highly curved helices. We find that the spacing between DNA helices in spermine-induced DNA toroidal condensates depends on their location within the torus, consistent with a mathematical model based on the competition between electrostatic interactions and the bending rigidity of DNA. We use our model to infer the characteristics of the interaction potential, and find that its equilibrium spacing strongly depends on the curvature of the filaments. In addition, the interaction is much softer than previously reported in bulk samples using different salt conditions. Beyond viruses and cells, our characterization of the interactions governing DNA-based dense structures could help develop robust designs in DNA nanotechnologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barberi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livolant, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leforestier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.23.211979</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local structure of DNA toroids reveals curvature-dependent intermolecular forces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.226480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Radiation-induced cell cycle perturbations: acomputational tool validated with flow-cytometrydata 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.226480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell cycle progression can be studied with computational models that allow to describe and predict its perturbation by agents as ionizing radiation or drugs. Such models can then be integrated in tools for pre-clinical/clinical use, e.g. to optimize kinetically-based administration protocols of radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

We present a deterministic compartmental model, specifically reproducing how cells that survive radiation exposure are distributed in the cell cycle as a function of dose and time after exposure. Model compartments represent the four cell-cycle phases, as a fuction of DNA content and time. A system of differential equations, whose parameters represent transition rates, division rate and DNA synthesis rate, describes the temporal evolution. Initial model inputs are data from unexposed cells in exponential growth. Perturbation is implemented as an alteration of model parameters that allows to best reproduce cell-cycle profiles post-irradiation. The model is validated with dedicated in vitro measurements on human lung fibroblasts (IMR90). Cells were irradiated with 2 and 5 Gy with a Varian 6 MV Clinac at IRCCS Maugeri. Flow cytometry analysis was performed at the RadBioPhys Laboratory (University of Pavia), obtaining cell percentages in each of the four phases in all studied conditions up to 72 hours post-irradiation.

Cells show early G2-phase block (increasing in duration as dose increases) and later G1-phase accumulation. For each condition, we identified the best sets of model parameters that lead to a good agreement between model and experimental data, varying transition rates from G1- to S- and from G2- to M-phase.

This work offers a proof-of-concept validation of the new computational tool, opening to its future development and, in perspective, to its integration in a wider framework for clinical use.

Author summaryWe implemented a computational model able to describe how the progression in the cell cycle is perturbed when cells are exposed to ionizing radiation. It is known that radiation causes delays or arrest in cell cycle progression, and also that cells that are in different phases of the cycle at the time of exposure show different sensitivity to radiation. Chemotherapeutic drugs also affect cell cycle, and their action can be phase-specific. These findings can be exploited to find the optimal protocol of a combined radiotherapy/chemotherapy cancer treatment: to this aim, we need to know not only the effectiveness of an agent (dose/drug) in terms of cell killing, but also how surviving cells are distributed in the cell cycle. With the model we present, this information can be reproduced as a function of dose and time after radiation exposure. To test the model performance we measured distributions of cells in different phases of the cycle (using flow-cytometry) for human healthy fibroblast cells exposed to X-rays. The results of this work constitute a first step for further development of our model and its future integration in a tool for pre-clinical/clinical use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LONATI, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbieri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guardamagna, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottolenghi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baiocco, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.29.226480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Radiation-induced cell cycle perturbations: acomputational tool validated with flow-cytometrydata]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.239731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular motion and tridimensional nanoscale localization of kindlin control integrin activation in focal adhesions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.239731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWFocal adhesions (FAs) initiate chemical and mechanical signals involved in cell polarity, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that FAs are organized at the nanoscale into functional layers from the lower plasma membrane to the upper actin cytoskeleton. Yet, how FAs proteins are guided into specific nano-layers to promote interaction with given targets is unknown. Using single protein tracking, super-resolution microscopy and functional assays, we linked the molecular behavior and tridimensional nanoscale localization of kindlin with its function in integrin activation inside FAs. We show that immobilization of integrins in FAs depends on interaction with kindlin. Unlike talin, kindlin displayed free diffusion along the plasma membrane outside and inside FAs. We demonstrate that the kindlin Pleckstrin Homology domain promotes membrane diffusion and localization to the membrane-proximal integrin nano-layer, necessary for kindlin enrichment and function in FAs. Using kindlin-deficient cells, we show that kindlin membrane localization and diffusion are crucial for integrin activation during cell adhesion and spreading. Thus, kindlin uses a different route than talin to reach and activate integrins, providing a possible molecular basis for their complementarity during integrin activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orre, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karatas, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kastberger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabriel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettcher, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leveque-Fort, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibarita, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faessler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehrle-Haller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossier, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannone, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.06.239731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular motion and tridimensional nanoscale localization of kindlin control integrin activation in focal adhesions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.316729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pinching the cortex of live cells reveals thickness instabilities caused by Myosin II motors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.316729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cell cortex is a contractile actin meshwork, which determines cell shape and is essential for cell mechanics, migration and division. Because the cortical thickness is below optical resolution, it has been generally considered as a thin uniform two-dimensional layer. Using two mutually attracted magnetic beads, one inside the cell and the other in the extracellular medium, we pinch the cortex of dendritic cells and provide an accurate and time resolved measure of its thickness. Our observations draw a new picture of the cell cortex as a highly dynamic layer, harboring large fluctuations in its third dimension due to actomyosin contractility. We propose that the cortex dynamics might be responsible for the fast shape changing capacity of highly contractile cells that use amoeboid-like migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LAPLAUD, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levernier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pineau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>San-Roman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lennon-Dumenil, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DU ROURE, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heuvingh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.28.316729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pinching the cortex of live cells reveals thickness instabilities caused by Myosin II motors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.372912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Worrying drives cell migration in mechanically unrestrained environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.372912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Migratory cells often encounter crowded microenvironments through which they must find or make a path. Amoeboid cells are thought to find a path by deforming their bodies to squeeze through tight spaces. Yet many amoeboid cells seem to maintain a near spherical morphology as they move. To examine this unexplored mechanism of migration, we visualized amoeboid melanoma cells in dense environments and found that they carve a path via bleb-driven mechanical degradation of extracellular matrix components without proteolytic degradation. Interactions between adhesions and collagen at the cell front induce a signaling cascade that promotes bleb enlargement via branched actin polymerization. Large blebs abrade collagen, creating feedback between extracellular matrix structure, cell morphology and polarization that enables both path generation and persistent movement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Welf, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Driscoll, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapoznik, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weems, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roh-Johnson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiolka, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danuser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.09.372912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Worrying drives cell migration in mechanically unrestrained environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.373282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Full species-wide leaf and seed ionomic diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.373282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LISoil is a heterogenous reservoir of essential elements needed for plant growth and development. Plants have evolved mechanisms to balance their nutritional needs based on availability of nutrients. This has led to genetically-based variation in the elemental composition  ionome, of plants, both within and between species.
C_LIO_LIWe explore this natural variation using a panel of wild-collected, geographically widespread Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from the 1001 Genomes Project including over 1,135 accessions, and the 19 parental accessions of the Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) panel, all with full-genome sequences available.
C_LIO_LIWe present an experimental design pipeline for high-throughput ionomic screenings and analyses with improved normalisation procedures to account for errors and variability in conditions often encountered in large-scale, high-throughput data collection. We report quantification of the complete leaf and seed ionome of the entire collection using this pipeline and a digital tool-IonExplorer to interact with the dataset.
C_LIO_LIWe describe the pattern of natural ionomic variation across the A. thaliana species and identify several accessions with extreme ionomic profiles. It forms a valuable resource for exploratory QTL, GWA studies to identify genes underlying natural variation in leaf and seed ionome and genetic adaptation of plants to soil conditions.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campos, A. C. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Dijk, W. F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishna, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giles, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korte, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salt, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.09.373282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Full species-wide leaf and seed ionomic diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.382267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bifocal tACS Enhances Visual Motion Discrimination by Modulating Phase Amplitude Coupling Between V1 and V5 Regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.382267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visual motion discrimination involves reciprocal interactions in the alpha band between the primary visual cortex (V1) and the mediotemporal area (V5/MT). We investigated whether modulating alpha phase synchronization using individualized multisite transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over V5 and V1 regions would improve motion discrimination. We tested 3 groups of healthy subjects: 1) an individualized In-Phase V1alpha-V5alpha tACS (0{degrees} lag) group, 2) an individualized Anti-Phase V1alpha-V5alpha tACS (180{degrees} lag) group and 3) a sham tACS group. Motion discrimination and EEG activity were compared before, during and after tACS. Performance significantly improved in the Anti-Phase group compared to that in the In-Phase group at 10 and 30 minutes after stimulation. This result could be explained by changes in bottom-up alpha-V1 gamma-V5 phase-amplitude coupling. Thus, Anti-Phase V1alpha-V5alpha tACS might impose an optimal phase lag between stimulation sites due to the inherent speed of wave propagation, hereby supporting optimized neuronal communication.

IMPACT STATEMENTO_LIAlpha multisite (V1 and V5) tACS influences global motion discrimination and integration
C_LIO_LIPhase-amplitude coupling is associated with visual performance
C_LIO_LIMultisite Anti-Phase stimulation of strategic visual areas (V1 and V5) is associated with connectivity changes in the visual cortex and thus, associated with changes in direction acuity
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salamanca, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zandvliet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauseng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huxlin, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.16.382267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bifocal tACS Enhances Visual Motion Discrimination by Modulating Phase Amplitude Coupling Between V1 and V5 Regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.402511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redox protein Memo1 coordinates FGF23-driven signaling and small Rho-GTPases in the mouse kidney 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.402511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memo1 deletion in mice causes premature aging and an unbalanced metabolism partially resembling Fgf23 and Klotho loss-of-function animals. We report a role for Memos redox function in renal FGF23-Klotho signaling using mice with postnatally induced Memo deficiency in the whole body (cKO). Memo cKO mice showed impaired FGF23-driven renal ERK phosphorylation and transcriptional responses. FGF23 actions involved activation of oxidation-sensitive protein phosphotyrosyl phosphatases (PTP) in the kidney. Redox proteomics revealed excessive thiols of Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 (Rho-GDI1) in Memo cKO, and we detected a functional interaction between Memos redox function and oxidation at Rho-GDI1 Cys79. In isolated cellular systems, Rho-GDI1 did not directly affect FGF23-driven cell signaling, but we detected disturbed Rho-GDI1 dependent small Rho-GTPase protein abundance and activity in the kidney of Memo cKO mice. Collectively, this study reveals previously unknown layers in the regulation of renal FGF23 signaling and connects Memo with the network of small Rho-GTPases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bartos, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braga-Lagache, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haenzi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durussel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash Sridharan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheehan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hynes, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonny, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moor, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.04.402511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redox protein Memo1 coordinates FGF23-driven signaling and small Rho-GTPases in the mouse kidney]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astrocytic VMAT2 in the developing prefrontal cortex is required for normal grooming behavior in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astrocytes control synaptic activity by modulating peri-synaptic concentrations of ion and neurotransmitters including dopamine and, as such, can be critically involved in the modulation of some aspect of mammalian behavior. Here we report that genetic mouse model with a reduced medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dopamine levels, arising from astrocyte-specific conditional deletion of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2; aVMTA2cKO mice) shows excessive grooming and anxiety-like behaviour. The VMAT2cKO mice also develop a synaptic pathology, expressed through increased relative AMPA vs. NMDA receptor currents in synapses of the dorsal striatum receiving inputs from the mPFC. Importantly, behavioural and synaptic phenotypes are prevented by reexpression of mPFC VMAT2, showing that the deficits are driven by mPFC astrocytes. By analysing human tissue samples, we found that VMAT2 is expressed in human mPFC astrocytes, corroborating the potential translational relevance of our observations in mice. Our study shows that impairments of the astrocytic-control of dopamine in the mPFC has a profound impact on circuit function and behaviours, which resemble symptoms of anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bezzi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zehnder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pucci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cali, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondiolotti, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinero Perez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dallerac, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deglon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giros, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magara, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magrassi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mothet, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.27.428434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astrocytic VMAT2 in the developing prefrontal cortex is required for normal grooming behavior in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.428987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allogeneic CAR-invariant Natural Killer T Cells Exert Potent Antitumor Effects Through Host CD8 T cell Cross-Priming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.428987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies for off-the-shelf use is a major goal yet faces two main immunological challenges, namely the risk of graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) induction by the transferred cells and the rejection by the host immune system limiting their persistence. We demonstrate that allogeneic CAR-engineered invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a cell population without GvHD-induction potential that displays immunomodulatory properties, exerted potent direct and indirect antitumor activity in murine models of B-cell lymphoma when administered across major MHC-barriers. In addition to their known direct cytotoxic effect, allogeneic CAR iNKT cells induced tumor-specific antitumor immunity through host CD8 T cell cross-priming, resulting in a potent antitumor effect lasting longer than the physical persistence of the allogeneic cells. The utilization of off-the-shelf allogeneic CAR iNKT cells could meet significant unmet needs in the clinic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simonetta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohmeyer, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maas-Bauer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenokur, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aalipour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackall, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negrin, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.428987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allogeneic CAR-invariant Natural Killer T Cells Exert Potent Antitumor Effects Through Host CD8 T cell Cross-Priming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429577v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
S-acylation targets ORAI1 channels to lipid rafts for efficient Ca2+ signaling by T cell receptors at the immune synapse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429577v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient immune responses require Ca2+ fluxes across ORAI1 channels during engagement of T cell receptors (TCR) at the immune synapse (IS) between T cells and antigen presenting cells. Here, we show that ZDHHC20-mediated S-acylation of the ORAI1 channel at residue Cys143 is required for TCR assembly and signaling at the IS. Cys143 mutations reduced ORAI1 currents and store-operated Ca2+ entry in HEK-293 cells and nearly abrogated long-lasting Ca2+ elevations, NFATC1 translocation, and IL-2 secretion evoked by TCR engagement in Jurkat T cells. The acylation-deficient channel had reduced mobility in lipids, accumulated in cholesterol-poor domains, formed tiny clusters, failed to reach the IS and unexpectedly also prevented TCR recruitment to the IS. Our results establish S-acylation as a critical regulator of ORAI1 channel assembly and function at the IS and reveal that local Ca2+ fluxes are required for TCR recruitment to the synapse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carreras-Sureda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrami, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>JI-Hee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Didier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Goot, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demaurex, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429577</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[S-acylation targets ORAI1 channels to lipid rafts for efficient Ca2+ signaling by T cell receptors at the immune synapse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.09.430555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specialization of actin isoforms derived from the loss of key interactions with regulatory factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.09.430555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A paradox of eukaryotic cells is that while some species assemble a complex actin cytoskeleton from a single ortholog, other species utilize a greater diversity of actin isoforms. The physiological consequences of using different actin isoforms, and the molecular mechanisms by which highly conserved actin isoforms are segregated into distinct networks, are poorly known. Here, we sought to understand how a simple biological system, composed of a unique actin and a limited set of actin-binding proteins, reacts to a switch to heterologous actin expression. Using yeast as a model system and biomimetic assays, we show that such perturbation causes drastic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Our results indicate that defective interaction of a heterologous actin for important regulators of actin assembly limits certain actin assembly pathways while reinforcing others. Expression of two heterologous actin variants, each specialized in assembling a different network, rescues cytoskeletal organization and confers resistance to external perturbation. Hence, while species using a unique actin have homeostatic actin networks, actin assembly pathways in species using several actin isoforms may act more independently.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boiero Sanders, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toret, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antkowiak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillotin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michelot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.09.430555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specialization of actin isoforms derived from the loss of key interactions with regulatory factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.433122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early mechanisms of whisker development: Prdm1 and its regulation in whisker development and evolutionary loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.433122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whiskers (vibrissae) are miniaturized organs that are designed for tactile sensing. Extremely conserved among mammals, they underwent a reduction in primates and disappeared in the human lineage. Furthermore, whiskers are highly innervated and their mechanoceptors signal to the primary somatosensory cortex, where a column of neurons called "barrel" represents each of them. This structure, known as barrel cortex, occupies a large portion of the somatosensory cortex of the rodent brain. Strikingly, Prdm1 conditional knockout mice are one of the rare transgenic strains that do not develop whisker hair follicles while still displaying a pelage (Robertson et al. 2007). Here we show that Prdm1 is expressed early on during whisker development, more precisely in clusters of mesenchymal cells before placode formation. Its conditional knockout leads to the loss of expression of Bmp2, Shh, Bmp4, Krt17, Edar, Gli1 though leaving the {beta}-catenin driven first dermal signal intact. Furthermore, we prove that Prdm1 expressing cells not only act as a signaling center but also as a multipotent progenitor population contributing to the formation of the dermal papilla, dermal sheath and pericytes of the vascular sinuses of vibrissae. We confirm by genetic ablation experiments that the absence of motile vibrissae (macro vibrissae) formation reverberates on the organization of nerve wiring in the mystacial pads and organization of the barrel cortex. We prove that Lef1 acts upstream of Prdm1 and identify a potential enhancer (named Leaf) that might be involved in the evolutionary process that led to the progressive reduction of snout size and vibrissae in primates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manti, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leleu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moret, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuennet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Droux, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoudmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hautier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrandon, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.433122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early mechanisms of whisker development: Prdm1 and its regulation in whisker development and evolutionary loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.438559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emotion Recognition in a Multi-Componential Framework: The Role of Physiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.438559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emotions are rich and complex experiences involving various behavioral and physiological responses. While many empirical studies have focused on discrete and dimensional representations of emotions, these representations do not fully reconcile with recent neuroscience studies that increasingly suggest a multi-process mechanism underlying emotional experience. Moreover, the latter view accords with psychological theories that consider emotions as multicomponent phenomena, such as appraisal theories. Although there is no complete consensus on the specific components of emotions and fundamental principles defining their organization, the Component Process Model (CPM) is well established framework describing an emotion as a dynamic process with five major highly interrelated components: cognitive appraisal, expression, motivation, physiology and feeling. Yet, few studies have systematically investigated a range of discrete emotions through this full multi-componential view. In the present study, we therefore elicited various emotions during movie watching and measured their manifestation across these components. Our primary goal was to investigate the relationship between physiological measures and the theoretically defined components of emotions. In addition, we also investigated whether discrete emotions could be predicted from information provided by the multicomponent response patterns, as well as the specific contributions of each component in such predictions. Results suggest that physiological features are interrelated to all other components of emotion, but the least significant predictors for emotion classification. Overall, emotion prediction was significantly higher when classifiers were trained with all five components. The findings therefore support a description of emotion as a dynamic multicomponent process, in which the emergence of a conscious feeling state requires the integration of all the components.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Menetrey, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leitao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.438559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emotion Recognition in a Multi-Componential Framework: The Role of Physiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imaging protein conformational space in liquid water 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to a mistake in one of the proteins used for the data used to generate Fig.1, where we believed we used the apoferritin but instead used the ferritin proteins. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference for the project. If you have any questions, please get in touch with the corresponding author.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Pace, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acosta-Gutierrez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ing, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchello, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilotto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Perez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaglia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.30.442083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imaging protein conformational space in liquid water]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.01.442257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACTIVATION LOOP PHOSPHORYLATION OF A NON-RD RECEPTOR KINASE INITIATES PLANT INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALING 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.01.442257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Receptor kinases (RKs) play fundamental roles in extracellular sensing to regulate development and stress responses across kingdoms. In plants, leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) function primarily as peptide receptors that regulate myriad aspects of plant development and response to external stimuli. Extensive phosphorylation of LRR-RK cytoplasmic domains is among the earliest detectable responses following ligand perception, and reciprocal transphosphorylation between a receptor and its co-receptor is thought to activate the receptor complex. Originally proposed based on characterization of the brassinosteroid receptor, the prevalence of complex activation via reciprocal transphosphorylation across the plant RK family has not been tested. Using the LRR-RK ELONGATION FACTOR TU RECEPTOR (EFR) as a model RK, we set out to understand the steps critical for activating RK complexes. While the EFR cytoplasmic domain is an active protein kinase in vitro and is phosphorylated in a ligand-dependent manner in vivo, catalytically deficient EFR variants are functional in anti-bacterial immunity. These results reveal a non-catalytic role for the EFR cytoplasmic domain in triggering immune signaling and indicate that reciprocal transphoshorylation is not a ubiquitous requirement for LRR-RK complex activation. Rather, our analysis of EFR along with a detailed survey of the literature suggests a distinction between LRR-RK complexes with RD- versus non-RD protein kinase domains. Based on newly identified phosphorylation sites that regulate the activation state of the EFR complex in vivo, we propose that LRR-RK complexes containing a non-RD protein kinase may be regulated by phosphorylation-dependent conformational changes of the ligand-binding receptor which could initiate signaling in a feed-forward fashion either allosterically or through driving the dissociation of negative regulators of the complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bender, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadota, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macho, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklenar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjornson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petriello, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Font Farre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwessinger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ntoukakis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stransfeld, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menke, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zipfel, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.01.442257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACTIVATION LOOP PHOSPHORYLATION OF A NON-RD RECEPTOR KINASE INITIATES PLANT INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALING]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DELAY OF GERMINATION 6, encoding the ANAC060 transcription factor, inhibits seed dormancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The timing of seed germination is regulated by seed dormancy. There is ample natural variation for seed dormancy among as well as within plant species. In Arabidopsis several DELAY OF GERMINATION quantitative trait loci have been identified, of which DOG1 is best studied. Here we report the identification of DOG6, a quantitative trait locus with a similar strong effect on seed dormancy as DOG1. DOG6 affects the timing of germination both in laboratory as well as in field conditions. Complementation cloning revealed that DOG6 encodes the membrane bound transcription factor ANAC060. The absence of the ANAC060 protein or its sequestration outside the nucleus results in increased seed dormancy levels. The different natural variants of ANAC060 differ for the presence of the membrane binding domain, either due to the fact that this domain is absent in the genomic sequence or because the cDNA is alternatively spliced. Our data indicates that ANAC060 regulates seed dormancy by among others binding to and regulating the expression of protein phosphatases 2C class A proteins including PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2CA (PP2CA), ABI FIVE BINDING PROTEIN 3 (AFP3) and HIGHLY ABA-INDUCED PP2C GENE 3 (HAI3).

Significance StatementANAC transcription factors are known to effect plant development as well as the response of plants to their environment. Here, we present the identification of DELAY OF GERMINATION 6 (DOG6), a seed dormancy quantitative trait locus that encodes the ANAC060 transcription factor. We have identified different natural alleles of ANAC060 and show that these genetic variants determine the localization of the protein. ANAC060 alleles that lack the membrane binding domain end up in the nucleus. Hence they affect transcription and as such attenuate seed dormancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guhl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veldkamp, M. v. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buijs, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willems, L. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentsink, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.03.442418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DELAY OF GERMINATION 6, encoding the ANAC060 transcription factor, inhibits seed dormancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.20.444938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ApoE4 disrupts interaction of sortilin with fatty acid-binding protein 7 essential to promote lipid signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.20.444938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sortilin is a receptor for neuronal uptake of apolipoprotein E. Sortilin-dependent uptake of lipidated apoE promotes conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) into neuromodulators that induce anti-inflammatory gene expression in the brain. This neuroprotective pathway works with apoE3 but is lost with apoE4, the main risk factor for Alzheimers disease (AD). Here, we elucidated steps in cellular handling of lipids through sortilin, and why they are disrupted by apoE4. Combining unbiased proteome screens with analyses in mouse models, we uncover interaction of sortilin with fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) 7, the intracellular carrier for PUFA in the brain. In the presence of apoE3, sortilin promotes functional expression of FABP7 and its ability to elicit lipid-dependent gene transcription. By contrast, apoE4 binding blocks sortilin sorting, causing catabolism of FABP7 and impairing lipid signaling. Reduced FABP7 levels in the brain of AD patients expressing apoE4 substantiate the relevance of these interactions for neuronal lipid homeostasis. Taken together, we document interaction of sortilin with mediators of extracellular and intracellular lipid transport that provides a mechanistic explanation for loss of a neuroprotective lipid metabolism in AD.

SUMMARY STATEMENTLipids are central to brain health and defects in brain lipid homeostasis are causal to neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimers disease. Here, we uncovered how the neuronal lipoprotein receptor sortilin interacts with apoE and FABP7, the carriers for extra- and intracellular transport of lipids in the brain, respectively. We show that this interaction enables lipids to control gene transcription via nuclear receptors; and why this presumed neuroprotective lipid action is disturbed in humans who carry the {varepsilon}4 variant of apoE, the most important risk factor for sporadic Alzheimers disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Asaro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalnytska, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlo-Spiewok, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozeboom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dadlez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaminska, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronica, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willnow, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.20.444938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ApoE4 disrupts interaction of sortilin with fatty acid-binding protein 7 essential to promote lipid signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
baredSC: Bayesian Approach to Retrieve Expression Distribution of Single-Cell 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The number of studies using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is constantly growing. This powerful technique provides a sampling of the whole transcriptome of a cell. However, the commonly used droplet-based method often produces very sparse samples. Sparsity can be a major hurdle when studying the distribution of the expression of a specific gene or the correlation between the expressions of two genes. We show that the main technical noise associated with these scRNA-seq experiments is due to the sampling (i.e. Poisson noise). We developed a new tool named baredSC, for Bayesian Approach to Retrieve Expression Distribution of Single-Cell, which infers the intrinsic expression distribution in single-cell data using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). baredSC can be used to obtain the distribution in one dimension for individual genes and in two dimensions for pairs of genes, in particular to estimate the correlation in the two genes expressions. We apply baredSC to simulated scRNA-seq data and show that the algorithm is able to uncover the expression distribution used to simulate the data, even in multi-modal cases with very sparse data. We also apply baredSC to two real biological data sets. First, we use it to measure the anti-correlation between Hoxd13 and Hoxa11, two genes with known genetic interaction in embryonic limb. Then, we study the expression of Pitx1 in embryonic hindlimb, for which a trimodal distribution has been identified through flow cytometry. While other methods to analyze scRNA-seq are too sensitive to sampling noise, baredSC reveals this trimodal distribution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delisle, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.445740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[baredSC: Bayesian Approach to Retrieve Expression Distribution of Single-Cell]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.451174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antisense-mediated repression of SAGA-dependent genes involves the HIR histone chaperone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.451174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes are pervasively transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), and transcription of long non-coding RNAs often overlaps with coding gene promoters. This might lead to coding gene repression in a process named Transcription Interference (TI). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), TI is mainly driven by antisense non-coding transcription and occurs through re-shaping of promoter Nucleosome-Depleted Regions (NDRs). In this study, we developed a genetic screen to identify new players involved in Antisense-Mediated Transcription Interference (AMTI). Among the candidates, we found the HIR histone chaperone complex known to be involved in de novo histone deposition. Using genome-wide approaches, we reveal that HIR-dependent histone deposition represses the promoters of SAGA-dependent genes via antisense non-coding transcription. However, while antisense transcription is enriched at promoters of SAGA-dependent genes, this feature is not sufficient to define the mode of gene regulation. We further show that the balance between HIR-dependent nucleosome incorporation and transcription factor binding at promoters directs transcription into a SAGA- or TFIID-dependent regulation. This study sheds light on a new connection between antisense non-coding transcription and the nature of coding transcription initiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soudet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyrouthy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pastucha, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maffioletti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakir, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.05.451174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antisense-mediated repression of SAGA-dependent genes involves the HIR histone chaperone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.14.452222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic in vivo interrogation identifies novel enhancers and silencers associated to Atrial Fibrillation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.14.452222v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cis-regulatory elements control gene expression in time and space and their disruption can lead to pathologies. Reporter assays allow the functional validation of enhancers and other regulatory elements, and such assays by means of the generation of transgenic mice provide a powerful tool to study gene regulation in development and disease. However, these experiments are time-consuming and, thus, their performance is very limited. Here, we increase the throughput of in vivo mouse reporter assays by using a piggyBac transposon-based system, and use it to decode the regulatory landscape of atrial fibrillation, a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia. We systematically interrogated ten human loci associated to atrial fibrillation in the search for regulatory elements. We found five new cardiac-specific enhancers and implicated novel genes in arrhythmia through genome editing and three-dimensional chromatin analysis by 4C-seq. Of note, functional dissection of the 7q31 locus identified a bivalent regulatory element in the second intron of the CAV1 gene differentially acting upon four genes. Our system also detected negative regulatory elements thanks to which we identified a ubiquitous silencer in the 16q22 locus that regulates ZFHX3 and can outcompete heart enhancers. Our study characterizes the function of new genetic elements that might be of relevance for the better understanding of gene regulation in cardiac arrhythmias. Thus, we have .established a new framework for the efficient dissection of the genetic contribution to common human diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Victorino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rollan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouco, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzanares, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.14.452222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic in vivo interrogation identifies novel enhancers and silencers associated to Atrial Fibrillation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A shared brain system forming confidence judgment across cognitive domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Confidence is typically defined as a subjective judgment about whether a decision is right. Decisions are based on sources of information that come from various cognitive domains and are processed in different brain systems. An unsettled question is whether the brain computes confidence in a similar manner whatever the domain or in a manner that would be idiosyncratic to each domain. To address this issue, human participants of both sexes performed two tasks probing confidence in decisions made about the same material (history and geography statements), but based on different cognitive processes: semantic memory for deciding whether the statement was true or false, and duration perception for deciding whether the statement display was long or short. At the behavioral level, we found that the same factors (difficulty, accuracy, response time and confidence in the preceding decision) predicted confidence judgments in both tasks. At the neural level, we observed using fMRI that confidence judgments in both tasks were associated to activity in the same brain regions: positively in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and negatively in a prefronto-parietal network. Together, these findings suggest the existence of a shared brain system that generates confidence judgments in a similar manner across cognitive domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rouault, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebreton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pessiglione, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.17.460809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A shared brain system forming confidence judgment across cognitive domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-parameter optical imaging of immune cell activity in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell and checkpoint blockade therapies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Longitudinal multimodal imaging presents unique opportunities for noninvasive surveillance and prediction of treatment response to cancer immunotherapy. In this work we first designed a novel granzyme B activated self-assembly small molecule, G-SNAT, for quantitative assessment of cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated cancer cell killing in vivo. In lymphoma tumor bearing mice, the retention of cyanine 5 labeled G-SNAT-Cy5 was shown to be highly correlated to CAR T-cell mediated granzyme B release and tumor eradication. In colorectal tumor-bearing transgenic mice, expressing firefly luciferase in hematopoietic cells, and which received combination treatment of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4, longitudinal bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging revealed the dynamics of immune cell expansion, trafficking, tumor infiltration, and cytotoxic activity which predicted therapeutic outcome before tumor shrinkage was evident. These results support further development of G-SNAT for imaging early immune response to checkpoint blockade and CAR T-cell therapy in patients and highlight the utility of multimodality imaging for improved mechanistic insights into cancer immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rami, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simonetta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alam, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negrin, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambhir, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.11.463603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-parameter optical imaging of immune cell activity in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell and checkpoint blockade therapies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain endothelial antigen presentation detains CD8+ T cells at the blood-brain barrier leading to its breakdown 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) are early hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). High numbers of CD8+ T cells are found in MS lesions and antigen (Ag)-presentation at the BBB was proposed to promote CD8+ T-cell entry into the CNS. Employing live cell imaging and primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (pMBMECs) as in vitro model of the BBB and a mouse model of CNS autoimmunity, we here show that pMBMECs process and present antigens leading to effector CD8+ T-cell differentiation. Under physiological flow, endothelial Ag-presentation prohibited CD8+ T-cell crawling and diapedesis leading to pMBMEC apoptosis. Reduced motility of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells was also observed in CNS microvessels in neuroinflammation in vivo. Luminal MHC class I Ag-presentation at the BBB thus prohibits CD8+ T-cell entry into the CNS and rather triggers CD8+ T cell mediated focal BBB breakdown.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aydin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pareja, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schallenberg, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klopstein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaba, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deutsch, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelhardt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.12.464035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain endothelial antigen presentation detains CD8+ T cells at the blood-brain barrier leading to its breakdown]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Different armpits under my new nose: olfactory sex but not gender affects implicit measures of embodiment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Research has shown that conflicting multisensory signals may alter embodiment to the point of self-identifying with a foreign body, but the role of olfaction in this process has been overlooked. Here, we study in healthy participants how sex (male and female sweat odors) and gender (male and female cosmetic scents) olfactory stimuli contribute to embodiment. Participants saw from the perspective of a sex mismatching person in virtual reality and received synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation to elicit illusory embodiment of the seen body while smelling either sex- or gender-congruent stimuli. We assessed implicit (skin conductance responses to visual threats) and explicit (questionnaire) measures of embodiment. Stronger responses to threat were found when participants smelled the sex-congruent compared to the sex-incongruent odor, while no such differences were found for the cosmetic scents. According to the questionnaire, embodiment did not differ between conditions. Post-experimental assessment of the presented cues, suggest that while both sweat odors were considered generally male, cosmetic scents were not. The presented scents were generally not associated to the embodied body. Our results suggest that sex-related body odors influence implicit but not explicit aspects of embodiment and are in line with unique characteristics of olfaction in other aspects of cognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roel Lesur, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stussi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delplanque, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenggenhager, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Different armpits under my new nose: olfactory sex but not gender affects implicit measures of embodiment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GPR55 in B cells limits atherosclerosis development and regulates plasma cell maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying novel pathways regulating the adaptive immune response in chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis is of particular interest in view of developing new therapeutic drugs. Here we report that the lipid receptor GPR55 is highly expressed by splenic B cells and inversely correlates with atheroma plaque size in mice. In human carotid endarterectomy specimen, GPR55 transcript levels were significantly lower in unstable compared to stable carotid plaques. To study the impact of GPR55 deficiency in atherosclerosis, we crossed Gpr55 knockout mice with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice and subjected the mice to Western diet for 4 to 16 weeks. Compared to ApoE-/- controls, ApoE-/-Gpr55-/- mice developed larger plaques with increased necrotic core size, associated with elevated circulating and aortic leukocyte counts. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and RNA-sequencing analysis of splenic B cells in these mice revealed a hyperactivated B cell phenotype with disturbed plasma cell maturation and immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody overproduction. The specific contribution of B cell GPR55 in atherosclerosis was further studied in mixed Gpr55-/-/{micro}MT bone marrow chimeras on low density receptor deficiency (Ldlr-/-) background, revealing that B-cell specific depletion of Gpr55 was sufficient to promote plaque development. Conversely, adoptive transfer of wildtype B cells into ApoE-/-Gpr55-/- mice blunted the proatherogenic phenotype. In vitro stimulation of splenocytes with the endogenous GPR55 ligand LPI promoted plasma cell proliferation and enhanced B cell activation marker expression, which was inhibited by the GPR55 antagonist CID16020046. Collectively, these discoveries provide new evidence for GPR55 as key modulator of the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis. Targeting GPR55 could be useful to limit inflammation and plaque progression in patients suffering from atherosclerosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guillamat-Prats, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hering, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rami, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haerdtner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanovito, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinne, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bindila, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hristov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janjic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enard, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maegdefessel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faussner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilgendorf, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steffens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GPR55 in B cells limits atherosclerosis development and regulates plasma cell maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.25.474021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct cDC subsets co-operate in CD40 agonist response while suppressive microenvironments and lack of antigens subvert efficacy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.25.474021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Agonistic CD40 therapy has shown to inhibit cancer progression, but only in a fraction of patients. Hence, understanding the cancer cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental determinants of CD40 therapy response is crucial to identify responsive patient populations and design efficient combination treatments. Here, we showed that the therapeutic efficacy of CD40 in responder melanoma tumours, relied on pre-existing cDC1-primed CD8+ T cells, however cDC1s were dispensable after CD40 administration. Surprisingly, in response to CD40 the abundance of activated cDCs, potentially derived from cDC2s increased, thereby further activating antitumour CD8+ T cells. Hence, distinct cDC subsets are required to induce CD40 responses. By contrast, lung tumours, characterised by a high abundance of macrophages, were resistant to CD40 therapy. Combining CD40 therapy with macrophage depletion led to tumour growth inhibition only in the presence of strong neoantigens. Accordingly, treatment with immunogenic cell-death inducing chemotherapy sensitised non-immunogenic tumours to CD40 therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murgaski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Damme, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kancheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanmeerbeek, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keirsse, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadadi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brughmans, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnouk, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamouda, A. E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debraekeleer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosteels, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkrim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoves, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandamme, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschoemaeker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmittnaegel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laoui, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.25.474021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct cDC subsets co-operate in CD40 agonist response while suppressive microenvironments and lack of antigens subvert efficacy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ethylene augments root hypoxia tolerance through amelioration of reactive oxygen species and growth cessation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flooded plants experience impaired gas diffusion underwater, leading to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). The volatile plant hormone ethylene is rapidly trapped in submerged plant cells and is instrumental for enhanced hypoxia acclimation. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning ethylene-enhanced hypoxia survival remain unclear. We studied the effect of ethylene pre-treatment on hypoxia survival of primary Arabidopsis thaliana root tips. Both hypoxia itself and re-oxygenation following hypoxia are highly damaging to root tip cells and ethylene pre-treatments reduced this damage. Ethylene pre-treatment alone altered the abundance of transcripts and proteins involved in hypoxia responses, root growth, translation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Through imaging and manipulating ROS abundance in planta, we demonstrate that ethylene limits excessive ROS formation during hypoxia and subsequent re-oxygenation and improves oxidative stress survival. In addition, we show that ethylene leads to rapid root growth cessation and this quiescence behaviour contributes to enhanced hypoxia tolerance. Collectively, our results show that the early flooding signal ethylene modulates a variety of processes that all contribute to hypoxia survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Veen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leeggangers, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martopawiro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosman, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Deugd, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rankenberg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassall, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey-Serres, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theodoulou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voesenek, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasidharan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.477196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ethylene augments root hypoxia tolerance through amelioration of reactive oxygen species and growth cessation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.11.480086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Translational reprogramming in response to accumulating stressors ensures critical threshold levels of Hsp90 for mammalian life 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.11.480086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cytosolic molecular chaperone Hsp90 is essential for eukaryotic life1, 2. It is involved in multiple branches of proteostasis2, 3, and as a molecular capacitor in morphological evolution4. Although reduced Hsp90 levels cause phenotypic variations5, 6 and correlate with aging7, whether eukaryotic cells and organisms can tune the basal Hsp90 protein levels to alleviate physiologically accumulated stress is unknown. To begin to explore this question, we investigated whether and how mice adapt to the deletion of three out of four alleles encoding cytosolic Hsp90, one Hsp90{beta} allele being the only remaining one. While the vast majority of such mouse embryos die during gestation, survivors apparently manage to increase their Hsp90{beta} protein to at least wild-type levels. Further mechanistic studies revealed an internal ribosome entry site in the 5UTR of the Hsp90{beta} mRNA allowing translational reprogramming to compensate for the genetic loss of Hsp90 alleles and in response to stress. We found that the minimum amount of total Hsp90 that is required to support viability of mammalian cells and organisms is 50-70% of what is normally there. Those that fail to maintain a threshold level are subject to accelerated senescence, proteostatic collapse, and ultimately death. Therefore, considering that Hsp90 levels can be reduced [&ge;]100-fold in the unicellular budding yeast, critical threshold levels of Hsp90 have been markedly increased during eukaryotic evolution. The incompressible part of the steady-state levels of Hsp90 may have increased to accommodate the ever-growing complexity of the proteome8 on the path towards mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maiti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahoran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weidenauer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hany, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wider, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quadroni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.11.480086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Translational reprogramming in response to accumulating stressors ensures critical threshold levels of Hsp90 for mammalian life]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sleep duration and brain structure - phenotypic associations and genotypic covariance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The question of how much sleep is best for the brain attracts scientific and public interest, and there is concern that insuficient sleep leads to poorer brain health. However, it is unknown how much sleep is sufficient and how much is too much. We analyzed 51,295 brain magnetic resonnance images from 47,039 participants, and calculated the self-reported sleep duration associated with the largest regional volumes and smallest ventricles relative to intracranial volume (ICV) and thickest cortex. 6.8 hours of sleep was associated with the most favorable brain outcome overall. Critical values, defined by 95% confidence intervals, were 5.7 and 7.9 hours. There was regional variation, with for instance the hippocampus showing largest volume at 6.3 hours. Moderately long sleep (> 8 hours) was more strongly associated with smaller relative volumes, thinner cortex and larger ventricles than even very short sleep (< 5 hours), but effect sizes were modest. People with larger ICV reported longer sleep (7.5 hours), so not correcting for ICV yielded longer durations associated with maximal volume. Controlling for socioeconomic status, body mass index and depression symptoms did not alter the associations. Genetic analyses showed that genes related to longer sleep in short sleepers were related to shorter sleep in long sleepers. This may indicate a genetically controlled homeostatic regulation of sleep duration. Mendelian randomization analyses did not suggest sleep duration to have a causal impact on brain structure in the analyzed datasets. The findings challenge the notion that habitual short sleep is negatively related to brain structure.

Significance statementAccording to consensus recommendations, adults should sleep between 7 and 9 hours to optimize their health. We found that sleeping less than the recommended amount was associated with greater regional brain volumes relative to intracranial volume, and very short sleep was only weakly related to smaller volumes. Genetic analyses did not show causal effects of sleep duration on brain structure. Taken together, the results suggest that habitual short sleep is not an important contributor to lower brain volumes in adults on a group level, and that large individual dfferences in sleep need likely exist.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fjell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amlien, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baare, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartres-Faz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertram, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boraxbekk, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandmaier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demuth, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drevon, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebmeier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghisletta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kievit, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowinckel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sexton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sole-Padulles, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal-Pineiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watne, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walhovd, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.15.480501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sleep duration and brain structure - phenotypic associations and genotypic covariance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting the fronto-parietal network using multifocal personalized transcranial alternating current stimulation to enhance motor sequence learning in healthy older adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundHealthy older adults show a decrease in motor learning capacity as well as in working memory (WM) performance. WM has been suggested to be involved in motor learning processes, such as sequence learning. Correlational evidence has shown the involvement of the fronto-parietal network (FPN), a network underlying WM processes, in motor sequence learning. However, causal evidence is currently lacking. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) studies have focused so far predominantly on motor related areas to enhance motor sequence learning while areas associated with more cognitive aspects of motor learning have not yet been addressed.

HypothesisIn this study, we aim to provide causal evidence for the involvement of WM processes and the underlying FPN in successful motor sequence learning by using a theta transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) paradigm targeting the FPN during motor sequence learning.

MethodsIn a cohort of 20 healthy older adults, we applied bifocal tACS in the theta range to the FPN during a sequence learning task. With the use of a double-blind, cross-over design, we tested the efficacy of active compared with sham stimulation. Two versions of the motor task were used: one with high and one with low WM load, to explore the efficacy of stimulation on tasks differing in WM demand. Additionally, the effects of stimulation on WM performance were addressed using an N-back task. The tACS frequency was personalized by means of EEG measuring the individual theta peak frequency during the N-back task.

ResultsThe application of personalized theta tACS to the FPN improved performance on the motor sequence learning task with high WM load (p <.001), but not with low WM load. Active stimulation significantly improved both speed (p <.001), and accuracy (p =.03) during the task with high WM load. In addition, the stimulation paradigm improved performance on the N-back task for the 2-back task (p = .013), but not for 1-back and 3-back.

ConclusionMotor sequence learning can be enhanced with the use of personalized bifocal theta tACS to the FPN when WM load is high. This indicates that the efficacy of this stimulation paradigm is dependent on the cognitive demand during the learning task and provides further causal evidence for the critical involvement of WM processes and the FPN in motor sequence learning in healthy older adults. These findings open new exciting possibilities to counteract the age-related decline in motor learning capacity and WM performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Draaisma, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessel, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morishita, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummel, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting the fronto-parietal network using multifocal personalized transcranial alternating current stimulation to enhance motor sequence learning in healthy older adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structure of insulin granule core determines secretory capacity being reduced in type-2 diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exocytosis in excitable cells is essential for their physiological functions. Although the exocytotic machinery controlling cellular secretion has been well investigated, the function of the vesicular cargo, i.e. secretory granular content remains obscure. Here we combine dSTORM imaging and single-domain insulin antibody, to dissect the in situ structure of insulin granule cores (IGCs) at nano level. We demonstrate that the size and shape of the IGCs can be regulated by the juxta-granular molecules Nucleobindin-2 and Enolase-1, that further contribute to the stimulated insulin secretion. IGCs located at the plasma membrane are larger than those in the cytosol. The IGCs size is decreased by [~]20% after glucose stimulation due to the release of the peripheral part of IGCs through incomplete granule fusion. Importantly, the reduction of the IGCs size is also observed in non-stimulatory pancreatic {beta}-cells from diabetic db/db mice, Akita (Ins2+/-) mice and human Type-2 diabetic donors, in accordance with impaired secretion. These findings overall highlight the structure of exocytotic insulin cores as a novel modality amenable to targeting in the stimulated exocytosis in {beta}-cells with impaired insulin secretion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barghouth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blom, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wollheim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliasson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renstrom, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.22.481455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structure of insulin granule core determines secretory capacity being reduced in type-2 diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.481955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM structure of the Rhodobaca bogoriensis RC-LH1-PufX dimeric complex at 2.9 angstrom 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.481955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The reaction centre-light harvesting 1 (RC-LH1) complex is essential for converting light into proton motive force in photosynthetic bacteria. RC-LH1 is a monomer in most purple bacteria, but in Rhodobacter species, it is a dimer. Its assembly depends on an accessory polypeptide (PufX) and, ultimately, on photosynthetic growth. To date, knowledge on the RC-LH1-PufX structure, where the dimer has two incomplete  C-shaped antenna rings surrounding an RC, is mainly limited to the model organism Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Here we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure at 2.9 [A] from Rhodobaca bogorensis strain LBB1. RCs are surrounded by 30 antennas and incorporate protein Y and PufX. RCs are stably connected by PufX, which self-interacts, electrostatically attracts cytochrome c2 (cyt c2) and forms extensive networks with co-factors. This structure underlines coordinated energy transfer in a combinatorial manner, providing a basis to describe bacterial photosynthesis within a dimeric photosynthetic apparatus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Semchonok, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siponen, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toeting, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charras, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyrilis, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kastritis, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.25.481955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM structure of the Rhodobaca bogoriensis RC-LH1-PufX dimeric complex at 2.9 angstrom]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.482789v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emotion schema effects on associative memory differ across emotion categories at the behavioural, physiological and neural level 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.482789v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous behavioural and neuroimaging studies have consistently reported that our memory is enhanced for associations congruent or incongruent with the structure of our prior knowledge, termed as schemas. However, it remains unclear if similar effects exist if encoded associations are emotional. Do emotional schemas also facilitate learning and subsequent retrieval? Does it depend on the type of experienced emotions?

Using a novel face-word pair association paradigm combined with fMRI and eye-tracking techniques, we demonstrated and replicated in two independent studies that congruency with emotion schemas and emotion category interact to affect associative memory. Overall, emotion schemas facilitated memory for associative context, paralleled by the recruitment of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during successful encoding of emotionally congruent vs. incongruent pairs. However, emotion schema effects differed across two negative emotion categories: disgust and fear, with disgust remembered better than fear. The IFG engagement was higher during successful encoding of congruent vs. incongruent pairs, but only in the case of disgust, suggestive of more semantic processing involved in learning disgust-related associations. On the contrary, the encoding of congruent vs. incongruent fear-related pairs was supported by activity in right fusiform gyrus (FG), suggesting greater sensory processing of faces. Successful memory formation for congruent disgust-related pairs was associated with a higher loading of pupil dilation component related to sympathetic activation, longer gaze time on words compared to faces, and more gaze switches between the two. This was reversed for fear-related pairs where the faces attracted more attention, as reflected by longer gaze time (compared to words).

Overall, our results at the behavioural, physiological, and neural level converge to suggest that emotional congruency influences memory similar to semantic schemas. However, encoding processes and neural effects vary depending on emotion category, reflecting the differential role of semantic processing and visual attention processes in the modulation of memory by disgust and fear.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riegel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wypych, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wierzba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szczepanik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jednorog, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchewka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.04.482789</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emotion schema effects on associative memory differ across emotion categories at the behavioural, physiological and neural level]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.483002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA methylation dynamics during stress-response in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.483002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIEnvironmental stresses can result in a wide range of physiological and molecular responses in plants. These responses can also impact epigenetic information in genomes especially at the level of DNA methylation. DNA methylation is the hallmark heritable epigenetic modification and plays a key role in silencing transposable elements (TEs). Although DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mechanism, fundamental aspects of its contribution to stress responses and adaptation remain obscure.
C_LIO_LIWe investigated epigenome dynamics of wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) in response to variable environmental conditions at DNA methylation level. F. vesca methylome responded with great plasticity to ecologically relevant abiotic and hormonal stresses. Thermal stress resulted in substantial genome-wide loss of DNA methylation. Notably, all tested stress conditions resulted in marked hot spots of differential DNA methylation near centromeric or pericentromeric regions, particularly in non-symmetrical DNA methylation context. Additionally, we identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) within promoter regions of transcription factor (TF) superfamilies involved in plant stress-response and assessed the effects of these changes on gene expression.
C_LIO_LIThese findings improve our understanding on stress-response at the epigenome level by highlighting the correlation between DNA methylation, TEs and gene expression regulation in plants subjected to a broad range of environmental stresses.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roquis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denoyes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucher, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.04.483002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA methylation dynamics during stress-response in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.485123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The little skate genome and the evolutionary emergence of wing-like fin appendages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.485123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skates are cartilaginous fish whose novel body plan features remarkably enlarged wing-like pectoral fins that allow them to thrive in benthic environments. The molecular underpinnings of this unique trait, however, remain elusive. Here we investigate the origin of this phenotypic innovation by developing the little skate Leucoraja erinacea as a genomically enabled model. Analysis of a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence for the little skate shows that it preserves many ancestral jawed vertebrate features compared with other sequenced genomes, including numerous ancient microchromosomes. Combining genome comparisons with extensive regulatory datasets in developing fins - gene expression, chromatin occupancy and three-dimensional (3D) conformation - we find skate-specific genomic rearrangements that alter the 3D regulatory landscape of genes involved in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Functional inhibition of PCP signaling resulted in marked reduction of anterior fin size, confirming this pathway as a major contributor of batoid fin morphology. We also identified a fin-specific enhancer that interacts with 3 HOX genes, consistent with the redeployment of Hox gene expression in anterior pectoral fins, and confirmed the potential of this element to activate transcription in the anterior fin using zebrafish reporter assays. Our findings underscore the central role of genome reorganizations and regulatory variation in the evolution of phenotypes, shedding light on the molecular origin of an enigmatic trait.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marletaz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Calle-Mustienes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acemel, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paliou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naranjo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Garcia, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cases, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sleight, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschberger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcet-Houben, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrescavage, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skvortsova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duckett, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Rajal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdanovic, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallardo-Fuentes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sospedra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Rios, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shubin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabaldon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tena, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupianez, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokhsar, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Skarmeta, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.21.485123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The little skate genome and the evolutionary emergence of wing-like fin appendages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.26.485919v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Knockout of TSPO delays and reduces amyloid, Tau, astrocytosis and behavioral dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.26.485919v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 18kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is up-regulated in glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimers disease (AD) animal models, TSPO is first overexpressed in astrocytes and then in microglia. However, the precise role of TSPO in the onset and progression of pathology and symptoms characteristic of the disease remains unknown. Here, we report that in the absence of TSPO in 3xTgAD mice the expected disease onset is significantly delayed and a reduction is seen in the hippocampal load of poorly and highly aggregated forms of Tau (-44% and -82%, respectively) and A{beta}42 (-25% and -95%, respectively), at 9 months of age. In addition, the astrocyte reactivity was decreased in 3xTgAD.TSPO-/- mice with a reduction in the morphologic complexity and the size of astrocytes in the dorso-dorsal hippocampus and the hilus. Functionally, the absence of TSPO ameliorated the cognitive consequences of adeno-associated virus-induced Tau over-expression in the hippocampus. This suggests that TSPO plays an important role in the active disease progression of AD. TSPO-inhibiting drugs thus merit further exploration as to their potential to reduce the rate of neurodegenerative disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceyzeriat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouteldja, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsartsalis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amosse, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Middleton, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banati, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garibotto, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tournier, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.26.485919</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Knockout of TSPO delays and reduces amyloid, Tau, astrocytosis and behavioral dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.04.490582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KIF21B binds Myosin Va for Spine Entry and regulates Actin Dynamics to control Homeostatic Synaptic Downscaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.04.490582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity adjusts the strength of synapses to restrain neuronal activity within a physiological range. Postsynaptic GKAP controls the bidirectional synaptic scaling of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) however how chronic activity triggers postsynaptic protein remodeling to downscale synaptic transmission is barely understood. Here we report that the microtubule-dependent kinesin motor KIF21B interacts with GKAP and likewise enters dendritic spines in a myosin Va- and activity-dependent manner. We observed that under conditions of chronic activity KIF21B regulates actin dynamics in spines, triggers spine removal of GluA2-containing AMPA receptors, and mediates homeostatic synaptic downscaling of AMPA receptor-mediated mEPSC amplitudes. Our data highlight a myosin-kinesin interaction that enables the entry of the microtubule-dependent motor KIF21B into actin-rich spine compartments. A slow actin turnover rate might be beneficial for efficient protein removal from excitatory synapses, suggesting a functional role of KIF21B in a GKAP- and AMPA receptor-dependent mechanism, underlying homeostatic downscaling of neuronal firing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gromova, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thies, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duerst, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stajano, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweizer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikhaylova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gee, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kneussel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.04.490582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KIF21B binds Myosin Va for Spine Entry and regulates Actin Dynamics to control Homeostatic Synaptic Downscaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In silico investigation of cytochrome bc1 molecular inhibition mechanism against Trypanosoma cruzi. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The only therapies are the nitroheterocyclic chemicals nifurtimox and benznidazole that cause various adverse effects. The need to create safe and effective medications to improve medical care remains critical. The lack of verified T. cruzi therapeutic targets hinders medication research for Chagas disease. In this respect, cytochrome bc1 has been identified as a promising therapeutic target candidate for antibacterial medicines of medical and agricultural interest. Cytochrome bc1 belongs to the mitochondrial electron transport chain and transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c1 by the action of two catalytic sites named Qi and Qo. The two binding sites are highly selective, and specific inhibitors exist for each site. Recent studies identified the Qi site of the cytochrome bc1 as a promising drug target against T. cruzi. However, a lack of knowledge of the drug mechanism of action unfortunately hinders the development of new therapies. In this context, knowing the cause of binding site selectivity and the mechanism of action of inhibitors and substrates is crucial for drug discovery and optimization processes. In this paper, we provide a detailed computational investigation of the Qi site of T. cruzi cytochrome b to shed light on the molecular mechanism of action of known inhibitors and substrates. Our study emphasizes the action of inhibitors at the Qi site on a highly unstructured portion of cytochrome b that could be related to the biological function of the electron transport chain complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muscat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grasso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scapozza, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In silico investigation of cytochrome bc1 molecular inhibition mechanism against Trypanosoma cruzi.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pou3f1 orchestrates a gene regulatory network controlling contralateral retinogeniculate projections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The balance of contralateral and ipsilateral retinogeniculate projections is critical for the establishment of binocular vision, but the transcriptional programs regulating this process remain ill-defined. In this study, we show that the Pou class homeobox protein POU3F1 is selectively expressed in developing mouse contralateral retinal ganglion cells (cRGCs). Inactivation of Pou3f1 increases the number of ipsilateral RGCs produced, leading to abnormal ipsilateral to contralateral projection ratio at the optic chiasm, whereas expression of Pou3f1 in retinal progenitors increases the production of cRGCs. Using Cut&Run and RNA sequencing in wildtype and Pou3f1 mouse knockout retinas, we demonstrate that Pou3f1 is necessary for the establishment of a cRGC gene regulatory network through activation and repression of several known contralateral and ipsilateral determinants, respectively. Finally, we report that POU3F1 is sufficient to induce production of RGC-like cells sending projections to the optic nerve, even in late-stage retinal progenitors not normally competent to generate RGCs. This work uncovers POU3F1 as a master regulator of the cRGC transcriptional program and opens new possibilities for optic nerve regenerative therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fries, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolicoeur, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abram, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudreau-Pinsonneault, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cayouette, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.28.497982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pou3f1 orchestrates a gene regulatory network controlling contralateral retinogeniculate projections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterogeneity of RNA editing in mesothelioma and how RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 affects mesothelioma cell growth, response to chemotherapy and tumor microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We previously observed increased levels of adenosine-deaminase-acting-on-dsRNA (Adar)-dependent RNA editing during mesothelioma development in mice exposed to asbestos. The aim of this study was to characterize and assess the role of ADAR-dependent RNA editing in mesothelioma. Tumors and mesothelioma primary cultures have higher ADAR-mediated RNA editing compared to mesothelial cells. Unsupervised clustering of editing in different genomic regions revealed heterogeneity between tumor samples as well as mesothelioma primary cultures. ADAR2 expression levels are higher in BRCA1-associated protein 1 wild-type tumors, with corresponding changes in RNA editing in transcripts and 3UTR. ADAR2 knockdown and rescue models indicated a role in cell proliferation, altered cell cycle, increased sensitivity to antifolate treatment and type-1 interferon signaling upregulation, leading to changes in the microenvironment in vivo. Our data indicate that RNA editing contributes to mesothelioma heterogeneity and highlights an important role of ADAR2 not only in growth regulation in mesothelioma but also chemotherapy response, in addition to regulating inflammatory response downstream of sensing nucleic acid structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hariharan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehrauer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wipplinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kresoja-Rakic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oton-Gonzales, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sculco, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serre-Beinier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meiller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanquart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonteneau, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrugt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rueschoff, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opitz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>JEAN, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Perrot, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felley-Bosco, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.499727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterogeneity of RNA editing in mesothelioma and how RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 affects mesothelioma cell growth, response to chemotherapy and tumor microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.26.501553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated Analysis of T cell Repertoire and Transcriptome Identifies Mechanisms of Regulatory T cell (Treg) Suppression of Acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.26.501553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells have demonstrated efficacy in graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prevention and treatment. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that Treg are able to protect from GvHD without interfering with the graft-versus-tumor (GvT) effect of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), although the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. To elucidate Treg suppressive function during in vivo suppression of acute GvHD, we performed paired T cell receptor (TCR, TCR{beta} genes) repertoire sequencing and RNA sequencing analysis on conventional T cells (Tcon) and Treg before and after transplantation in an MHC major-mismatch mouse model of HCT. We show that both Treg and Tcon underwent clonal restriction and that Treg did not interfere with the activation of alloreactive Tcon clones and the breadth of their TCR repertoire, however, markedly suppressed their expansion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Treg predominantly affected the transcriptome of CD4 Tcon and to a lesser extent of CD8 Tcon, modulating the transcription of genes encoding pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules as well as enzymes involved in metabolic processes, inducing a switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, Treg did not interfere with the induction of gene sets involved in the GvT effect. Our results shed light into the mechanisms of acute GvHD suppression by Treg and will support the clinical translation of this immunoregulatory approach.

Key Points- Regulatory T cells modulate conventional T cells transcriptome during GvHD suppression by affecting several, non-redundant pathways.
- Regulatory T cells undergo activation and clonal expansion during GvHD suppression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lohmeyer, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turkoz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buhler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalandon, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simonetta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negrin, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.26.501553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated Analysis of T cell Repertoire and Transcriptome Identifies Mechanisms of Regulatory T cell (Treg) Suppression of Acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Relaxed targeting rules allow PIWI-clade Argonaute proteins to silence ever-mutating transposons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In animals, piRNAs direct PIWI-clade Argonaute proteins to slice complementary transposon transcripts. Transposons can evade silencing through target site mutations. We report that PIWIs efficiently cleave transcripts only partially paired to their piRNA guide. Measurements of mouse PIWI protein affinity and cleavage rates for thousands of RNAs in vitro and in vivo show that PIWI slicing tolerates mismatches to any target nucleotide, including those flanking the scissile phosphate. Although piRNA 5 terminal nucleotides accelerate target finding, they are dispensable for binding or catalysis--unlike AGO-clade Argonautes, which require uninterrupted siRNA:target pairing from the seed to the nucleotides past the scissile bond. PIWIs are thus better equipped than AGOs to target newly acquired or rapidly diverging endogenous transposons without recourse to novel small RNA guides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gainetdinov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cecchini, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vega-Badillo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colpan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arif, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamore, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Relaxed targeting rules allow PIWI-clade Argonaute proteins to silence ever-mutating transposons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.10.503443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell Transcriptomics Reveal Different Maturation Stages and Sublineages Commitment of Human Thymic Invariant Natural Killer T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.10.503443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of heterogenous T-cells with potent cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. During thymic development, murine iNKT cells go through different maturation stages and differentiate into distinct sublineages, namely iNKT1, iNKT2, and iNKT17 cells. To define maturation stages and to assess sublineage commitment of human iNKT cells during thymic development, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on human thymic iNKT cells. We show that these iNKT cells displayed heterogeneity and unsupervised analysis identified two clusters: one with an immature profile with high expression of genes that are important for iNKT cell development and enriched in cells expressing an iNKT2 signature, whereas a second cluster displayed a mature, terminally differentiated profile resembling murine iNKT1 cells. Trajectory analysis suggested an ontological relationship between the two clusters. Our work provides the first single cell transcriptomic analysis of thymic human iNKT cells offering new insights into their developmental process in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maas-Bauer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negrin, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simonetta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.10.503443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell Transcriptomics Reveal Different Maturation Stages and Sublineages Commitment of Human Thymic Invariant Natural Killer T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.30.505871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network-informed discovery of multidrug combinations for ERα+/HER2-/PI3Kα-mutant breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.30.505871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer is a persistent threat to women worldwide. A large proportion of breast cancers are dependent on estrogen receptor  (ER) for tumor progression. Therefore, targeting ER with antagonists, such as tamoxifen, remains standard therapy for ER+ breast cancer. The clinical benefits of monotherapy are often counterbalanced by off-target toxicity and development of resistance. Combinations of more than two drugs might be of great therapeutic value to prevent resistance, and to reduce doses, and hence, toxicity. We mined data from the literature and public repositories to construct a network of potential drug targets for synergistic multidrug combinations. With 9 drugs, we performed a phenotypic combinatorial screen with ER+ breast cancer cell lines. We identified two optimized low-dose combinations of 3 and 4 drugs of high therapeutic relevance to the frequent ER+/HER2-/PI3K- mutant subtype of breast cancer. Moreover, we validated the efficacy of the combinations in tamoxifen-resistant cell lines, patient-derived organoids, and xenograft experiments. Thus, we propose multidrug combinations that have the potential to overcome the standard issues of current monotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hany, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoetemelk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowak-Sliwinska, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.30.505871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network-informed discovery of multidrug combinations for ERα+/HER2-/PI3Kα-mutant breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.14.507948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HLA variants and TCR diversity against SARS-CoV-2 in the pre-COVID-19 era 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.14.507948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HLA antigen presentation and T-cell immunity are critical to control viral infection such as SARS-CoV-2. This study performed on samples collected in the pre-COVID-19 era demonstrates that individuals are fully equiped at the genetic level in terms of TCR repertoire and HLA variants to recognize and kill SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. HLA diversity, heterologous immunity and random somatic TCR recombination could explain these observations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buhler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bettens, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dantin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamez, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masouridi-Levrat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalandon, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari-Lacraz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.14.507948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HLA variants and TCR diversity against SARS-CoV-2 in the pre-COVID-19 era]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust eIF4B levels undermine invasive growth and immune evasion mechanisms in murine triple negative breast cancer models. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysregulated protein synthesis is seen in many aggressive cancers, including metastatic breast cancer. However, the specific contributions of certain translation initiation factors to in vivo disease remain undefined. This is particularly true of eIF4B, an RNA-binding protein and cofactor of the RNA helicase eIF4A and associated eIF4F cap-binding complex. While eIF4A, eIF4G, and eIF4E are well-known to contribute to the progression of many cancer types including metastatic breast cancers, the role played by eIF4B in breast cancer remains relatively unclear. We therefore explored how naturally divergent and experimentally modulated eIF4B levels impact tumor growth and progression in well-characterized murine triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. Surprisingly, we found that higher eIF4B levels in mouse and human breast cancers were associated with less aggressive phenotypes. shRNA-mediated eIF4B knockdown in TNBC lines failed to markedly alter proliferation and global translation in the cells in vitro and only modestly hindered their growth as primary mammary tumors growth in mice. However, eIF4B knockdown significantly enhanced invasive growth in vitro and exacerbated both tumor burden and mortality relative to nontargeting shRNA controls in a model of metastatic disease. Analysis of eIF4B levels and breast cancer patient survival reinforced a link to better outcomes. Interestingly, low eIF4B expression was also associated with more formidable immune evasion in vitro and in vivo, implicating a novel immunomodulatory role for this factor in the malignant setting that suggests a mode of action beyond its historical role as a co-activator of eIF4A/F.

Significance StatementMetastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite many advances in our understanding of this complex process and the molecular and cellular events involved, mechanisms that allow secondary tumors to arise and persist remain incompletely understood. Uncharacterized metastatic determinants active at the level of translational control may be exploitable as novel therapy targets or biomarkers predicting a tumors potential for spread and recurrence. Here we describe previously unrecognized consequences of dysregulated eIF4B levels in murine breast cancer that shed light on how this translation initiation factor contributes to disease outcomes. Our findings suggest that eIF4B levels direct metastatic risk and immune evasion, and further study should establish its value in personalized treatment decisions and development of future therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diba, L. Z. D. Z. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zollo, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ossevoort, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colligan, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vedire, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sultana, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatesh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gawlak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washington, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brackett, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebos, J. M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust eIF4B levels undermine invasive growth and immune evasion mechanisms in murine triple negative breast cancer models.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The identity of Argyria lacteella (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Crambinae), synonyms, and related species using morphology and DNA capture in type specimens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent developments in museomics enable genetic information to be recovered from previously unusable collection specimens and thus to answer complex taxonomic questions. Here we apply museomics to a taxonomic problem involving several species of Argyria Hubner (Pyraloidea, Crambinae), with previously unrecognized morphological variation. By analysing the DNA barcode (COI-5P) in numerous specimens, we aimed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between species, to provide better evidence for synonymies, and to circumscribe their geographical distribution. Using an innovative DNA hybridization capture protocol, we partially recovered the DNA barcode of the lectotype of Argyria lacteella (Fabricius, 1794) for comparison with the 229 DNA barcode sequences of Argyria specimens available in the Barcode of Life Datasystems, and this firmly establishes the identity of the species. The same protocol was used for the following type specimens: the Argyria abronalis (Walker, 1859) holotype, thus confirming the synonymy of this name with A. lacteella, the holotype of A. lusella (Zeller, 1863), rev. syn., the holotype of A. multifacta Dyar, 1914, syn. n., newly synonymized with A. lacteella, and a specimen of Argyria diplomochalis Dyar, 1913, collected in 1992. A complementary sampling composed of nine specimens of A. lacteella, A. diplomochalis, A. centrifugens Dyar, 1914 and A. gonogramma Dyar, 1915, from North to South America, were integrated using classical COI amplification and Sanger sequencing. Argyria gonogramma Dyar, described from Bermuda, is the name to be applied to the more widespread North American species formerly identified as A. lacteella. Following morphological study of its holotype, Argyria vestalis Butler, 1878, syn. n. is also synonymized with A. lacteella. The name A. pusillalis Hubner, 1818, is considered a nomen dubium associated with A. gonogramma. The adult morphology is diagnosed and illustrated, and distributions are plotted for A. lacteella, A. diplomochalis, A. centrifugens, and A. gonogramma based on slightly more than 800 specimens. For the first time, DNA barcode sequences are provided for the Antillean A. diplomochalis. Our work highlights the efficiency of the DNA hybrid capture enrichment method to retrieve DNA barcodes from 18th and 19th century type specimens in order to solve taxonomic issues in Lepidoptera.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Landry, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayden, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solis, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lees, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauthier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.10.511518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The identity of Argyria lacteella (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Crambinae), synonyms, and related species using morphology and DNA capture in type specimens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.13.520346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De novo protein design by inversion of the AlphaFold structure prediction network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.13.520346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
De novo protein design enhances our understanding of the principles that govern protein folding and interactions, and has the potential to revolutionize biotechnology through the engineering of novel protein functionalities. Despite recent progress in computational design strategies, de novo design of protein structures remains challenging, given the vast size of the sequence-structure space. AlphaFold2 (AF2), a state-of-the-art neural network architecture, achieved remarkable accuracy in predicting protein structures from amino acid sequences. This raises the question whether AF2 has learned the principles of protein folding sufficiently for de novo design. Here, we sought to answer this question by inverting the AF2 network, using the prediction weight set and a loss function to bias the generated sequences to adopt a target fold. Initial design trials resulted in de novo designs with an overrepresentation of hydrophobic residues on the protein surface compared to their natural protein family, requiring additional surface optimization. In silico validation of the designs showed protein structures with the correct fold, a hydrophilic surface and a densely packed hydrophobic core. In vitro validation showed that several designs were folded and stable in solution with high melting temperatures. In summary, our design workflow solely based on AF2 does not seem to fully capture basic principles of de novo protein design, as observed in the protein surfaces hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic patterning. However, with minimal post-design intervention, these pipelines generated viable sequences as assessed experimental characterization. Thus such pipelines show the potential to contribute to solving outstanding challenges in de novo protein design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goverde, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khakzad, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosset, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correia, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.13.520346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De novo protein design by inversion of the AlphaFold structure prediction network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rational design of chemically controlled antibodies and protein therapeutics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-based therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies and cytokines are important therapies in various pathophysiological conditions such as oncology, auto-immune disorders, and viral infections. However, the wide application of such protein therapeutics is often hindered by dose-limiting toxicities and adverse effects, namely cytokine storm syndrome, organ failure and others. Therefore, spatiotemporal control of the activities of these proteins is crucial to further expand their application. Here, we report the design and application of small molecule-controlled switchable protein therapeutics by taking advantage of a previously engineered OFF-switch system. We used Rosetta modeling suite to computationally optimize the affinity between B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein and a previously developed computationally designed protein partner (LD3) to obtain a fast and efficient heterodimer disruption upon addition of a competing drug (Venetoclax). The incorporation of the engineered OFF-switch system into CTLA4, anti-HER2 antibodies or an Fc-fused IL-15 cytokine demonstrated an efficient disruption in vitro, as well as fast clearance in vivo upon addition of the competing drug Venetoclax. These results provide a proof-of-concept for the rational design of controllable biologics by introducing a drug-induced OFF-switch into existing protein-based therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marchand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonati, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gainza, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosset, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgeon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.22.521584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rational design of chemically controlled antibodies and protein therapeutics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robotically-induced auditory-verbal hallucinations: combining self-monitoring and strong perceptual priors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inducing hallucinations under controlled experimental conditions in non-hallucinating individuals represents a novel research avenue oriented towards understanding complex hallucinatory phenomena, avoiding confounds observed in patients. Auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVH) are one of the most common and distressing psychotic symptoms, whose etiology remains largely unknown. Two prominent accounts portray AVH either as a deficit in auditory-verbal self-monitoring, or as a result of overly strong perceptual priors. In order to test both theoretical models and evaluate their potential integration, we developed a robotic procedure able to induce self-monitoring perturbations (consisting of sensorimotor conflicts between poking movements and corresponding tactile feedback) and a perceptual prior associated with otherness sensations (i.e., feeling the presence of a non-existing another person). Here, in two independent studies, we show that this robotic procedure led to AVH-like phenomena in healthy individuals, which was further associated with delusional ideation. Specifically, a condition with stronger sensorimotor conflicts induced more AVH-like sensations (self-monitoring), while, in the otherness-related experimental condition, there were more AVH-like sensations when participants were detecting other-voice stimuli, compared to detecting self-voice stimuli (strong-priors). By demonstrating an experimental procedure able to induce AVH-like sensations in non-hallucinating individuals, we shed new light on AVH phenomenology, thereby integrating self-monitoring and strong-priors accounts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orepic, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faggella, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faivre, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanke, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.22.521663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robotically-induced auditory-verbal hallucinations: combining self-monitoring and strong perceptual priors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.519261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor Microenvironment Cellular Crosstalk Predicts Response to Adoptive TIL Therapy in Melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.519261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using ex vivo expanded tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate responses in metastatic melanoma, but long-term efficacy remains limited to a fraction of patients. Here we interrogated tumor-microenvironment (TME) cellular states and interactions of longitudinal samples from 13 metastatic melanoma patients treated with TIL-ACT in our clinical study (NCT03475134). We performed single-cell RNA-seq and spatial proteomic analyses in pre- and post-ACT tumor tissues and showed that responders exhibited higher tumor cell-intrinsic immunogenicity. Also, endogenous CD8+ TILs and myeloid cells of responders were characterized by increased cytotoxicity, exhaustion and costimulation and type-I IFN signaling, respectively. Cell-cell interaction prediction analyses corroborated by spatial neighborhood analyses revealed that responders have rich baseline intratumoral and stromal tumor-reactive T-cell networks with activated myeloid populations. Successful TIL-ACT therapy further reprogrammed the myeloid compartment and increased TIL-myeloid networks. Our systematic target discovery study reveals CD8+ T-cell network-based biomarkers that could improve patient selection and guide the design of ACT clinical trials.

One-Sentence SummaryResponse to adoptive TIL therapy in melanoma is determined by CD8+ TIL-myeloid cell networks
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghisoni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiffelle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orcurto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahr, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedetti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imbimbo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochoa De Olza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Homiscko, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bobisse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsourti, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andriakopoulou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morotti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petremand, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dummer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthod, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassani-Sternberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prior, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demartines, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aedo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dromain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tissot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corria-Osorio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandalaft, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pittet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottardo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sempoux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michelin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dafni, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trueb, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dangaj Laniti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coukos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.23.519261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor Microenvironment Cellular Crosstalk Predicts Response to Adoptive TIL Therapy in Melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.524186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deadenylation rate is not a major determinant of RNA degradation in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.524186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression and its regulation depend on mRNA degradation. In eukaryotes, degradation is controlled by deadenylation rates, since a short poly(A) tail is considered to be the signal that activates decapping and triggers mRNA degradation. In contrast to this view, we show that global stability of mRNAs can be explained by variations in decapping speed alone. Rapid decapping of unstable mRNAs, for example, allows little time for deadenylation, which explains their longer than average poly(A) tails. As predicted by modeling of RNA degradation kinetics, mRNA stabilization in the absence of decapping led to a decrease in the length of the poly(A) tail, while depletion of deadenylases only increased the tail length. Our results suggest that decapping activation dictates mRNA stability independent of the deadenylation speed.

One-Sentence SummaryUnstable mRNAs are characterized by rapid 5 cap removal, independent of a prior shortening of the poly(A) tail.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Audebert, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feuerbach, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decourty, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namane, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Permal, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saveanu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.16.524186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deadenylation rate is not a major determinant of RNA degradation in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conformational plasticity and allosteric communication networks govern Shelterin protein TPP1 binding to human telomerase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular binding interaction between the Shelterin complex protein TPP1 and human telomerase enzyme (TERT) triggers the telomerase maintenance mechanism that marks cell lifespan. The TPP1s structural element deputed to bind TERT is the OB-domain, which is able to interact with TERTs hTEN (TPP1 binding telomerase domain) through the TEL-patch, a group of amino acids whose mutations provoke harsh pathologies. Indeed, aberrations in the formation of TPP1-TERT het-erodimer can lead to severe diseases like Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS), whose patients are affected by short telomeres and extremely poor life expectancy. In the present study, we provide a thorough characterization of the structural properties of the TPP1s OB-domain by combining data coming from microsecond-long molecular dynamics calculations, time-series analyses, and graph-based networks. Our results show that the conformational plasticity of the TPP1s TEL-patch region is influenced by a network of long-range amino acid communications, needed for the proper TPP1-hTEN binding. Furthermore, we reveal that in the Glu169{Delta} and Lys170{Delta} TPP1 variants, responsible for HHS, the plasticity of the TEL-patch region is reduced, affecting the correct binding to hTEN and in turn the telomere processivity, which eventually leads to accelerated ageing of affected cells. Our study provides an unprecedented structural basis for the design of TPP1-targeting ligands with therapeutic potential against cancer and telomerase deficiency diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raniolo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limongelli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.02.526655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conformational plasticity and allosteric communication networks govern Shelterin protein TPP1 binding to human telomerase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.05.527167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
At the core of salinity: convergent and divergent transcriptome response pathways to neutral and alkaline salinity in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.05.527167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
More than 70% of lands cultivated area is affected by alkaline salinity stress. As 98% of plants are glycophytes - unable to successfully reproduce under salinity - our previous research focused on comparative studies of Arabidopsis thaliana demes with differential performance under neutral and alkaline salinity (neuSAL and alkSAL) due to local adaptation processes. Here, an integrated analysis on leaf tissue was performed, including physiological indicators, nutritional status, endogenous phytohormonal concentration and transcriptome profiling, to further understand differences in molecular mechanisms underlying neuSAL and alkSAL responses. The results support that alkSAL is more detrimental to plant performance than neuSAL and indicate higher sensitivity to alkSAL in demes locally adapted to coastal siliceous soils. A decreased internal Fe use efficiency in coastal demes under alkSAL is proposed to be the driver of their enhanced sensitivity, and sequence variation at {beta}-CA1 and -CA1 locus is hypothesized to contribute to the imbalance of Fe homeostasis. Dissection on the down-regulated transcripts shared by neuSAL and alkSAL confirmed enhanced inhibition of central features on primary and secondary metabolism in coastal individuals under alkSAL. The cell wall and vacuolar {beta}-galactosidase BGAL4 was revealed as a candidate for conferring tolerance to neuSAL by favoring stress-regulated cell wall rearrangement, but not to alkSAL, probably due to pH-restricted enzymatic activity. In addition, differential modulation of endogenous phytohormonal cues was reported among salinity types and demes, by which higher alteration of the auxinic, ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling pathways was exerted by alkSAL but sustained ABA biosynthesis was detected only in coastal plants under neuSAL. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) confirmed the involvement of the identified candidate genes in co-expression modules significantly correlating with favorable responses to neuSAL and alkSAL. Overall, the present study provides useful insights into key targets for breeding improvement in alkaline saline soils.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Almira-Casellas, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busoms, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Martin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escola, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Valinas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Molina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llugany, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poschenrieder, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.05.527167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[At the core of salinity: convergent and divergent transcriptome response pathways to neutral and alkaline salinity in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.14.528486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IL-33 drives polyfunctionality and antitumor activity of a unique ST2+ NK cell population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.14.528486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural Killer (NK) cell subsets differ to ensure complementary and crucial roles in tumor immunosurveillance. Their biology is critically regulated by cytokines. Here, we show that IL-33 synergizes with IL-12 to strongly activate a subset of CD56dim NK cells acquiring ST2 expression. Transcriptomic and biological analysis of human ST2+ CD56dim NK cells revealed a distinct intermediate differentiation state between canonical CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, combining high proliferative properties, cytokines/chemokines production, and cytotoxicity. NK cells expressing ST2 protein or exhibiting a ST2-linked transcriptional signature were identified in human and mouse tumors. Accordingly, IL-12 unleashes human breast tumor ST2+ NK cell potential to produce IFN-{gamma} in response to IL-33 and IL-33/IL-12 co-injection resulted in a NK-dependent IFN-{gamma} secretion and anti-tumor effects in murine mammary tumors. An IL33hi-NKhi score in solid tumors correlated with increased progression-free patient survival. Our findings thus identify polyfunctional ST2+ NK cells which effector functions can be harnessed by IL-33 to boost anti-tumor immunity.

One sentence summaryThe IL-33/IL-33R(ST2)/NK cell axis is a key determinant of cancer immunity and immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eberhardt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanc, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picant, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcazer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocca, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voissiere, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onodi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estavoyer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moudombi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charrier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stojanovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rau, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tredan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treilleux, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michallet, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valladeau-Guilemond, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walzer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krebs, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerwenka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendriss-Vermare, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.14.528486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IL-33 drives polyfunctionality and antitumor activity of a unique ST2+ NK cell population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared inflammatory glial cell signature after brain injury, revealed by spatial, temporal and cell-type-specific profiling of the murine cerebral cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury leads to a highly orchestrated immune- and glial cell response partially responsible for long-lasting disability and the development of secondary neurodegenerative diseases. A holistic understanding of the mechanisms controlling the responses of specific cell types and their crosstalk is required to develop an efficient strategy for better regeneration. Here, we combined spatial and single-cell transcriptomics to chart the transcriptomic signature of the injured murine cerebral cortex, and identified specific states of astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells contributing to this signature. Interestingly, these cellular populations share a large fraction of injury-regulated genes, including inflammatory programs downstream of the innate immune-associated pathways Cxcr3 and Tlr1/2. Systemic manipulation of these pathways decreased the reactivity state of glial cells associated with poor regeneration. The functional relevance of the newly discovered shared signature of glial cells highlights the importance of our resource enabling comprehensive analysis of early events after brain injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koupourtidou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aliee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frerich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer-Sternjak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bocchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon-Ebert, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dichgans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goetz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theis, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninkovic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared inflammatory glial cell signature after brain injury, revealed by spatial, temporal and cell-type-specific profiling of the murine cerebral cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alterations of the TGFb-sequestration complex member ADAMTSL1 levels are associated with muscular defects and rhabdomyosarcoma aggressiveness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequent form of paediatric soft-tissue sarcoma and remains a medical challenge, holding in failure current therapeutic strategies. RMS shares histological features with cells of the muscle lineage and this cancer is thought to arise from malignant transformation of myogenic precursors. It has been proposed that RMS and myogenesis could represent the "Jekyll and Hyde" of skeletal muscle. The underlying idea is that some early steps of myogenic differentiation are blocked in RMS, and that understanding how the normal process has gone awry could help to decipher the biological underpinnings of tumorigenesis and tumor escape.

It is widely agreed that extracellular matrix (ECM) interferes in skeletal muscle regeneration and that defects in ECM components are clinically significant. The challenge is now to decipher actors and mechanisms responsible for the transmission of signals to muscle cells and the subsequent alterations that could be associated with RMS.

Using an original transgenic mice model, we show here that ADAMTSL1 is involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. As previously reported for other members of its family, ADAMTSL1 is part of the TGF-{beta}-ECM-sequestering complex and likely positively regulates TGF-{beta}-pathway activity. Last, we observed that ADAMTSL1 expression behaves as a strong prognostic factor in the aggressive fusion-positive RMS and correlates with a neural-like phenotype of tumor cells, resulting from gain of SMAD2/3/4 targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Juban, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand-Chapel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kneppers, A. E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huchede, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallerne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benayoun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larbi, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creveaux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaille, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouvier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theodore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broutier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordier-Bussat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blay, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streichenberger, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corradini, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allamand, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castets, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mounier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CASTETS, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.531559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alterations of the TGFb-sequestration complex member ADAMTSL1 levels are associated with muscular defects and rhabdomyosarcoma aggressiveness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Smc5/6 complex belongs to a novel class of evolutionary-constrained restriction factors and is antagonized by all mammalian hepatitis B virus X proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of liver disease and cancer in humans. HBVs (family Hepadnaviridae) have been associated with mammals for millions of years. Recently, the Smc5/6 complex, known for its essential housekeeping functions in genome maintenance, was identified as an antiviral restriction factor of human HBV. The virus has however developed a counteraction mechanism by degrading the complex via its regulatory HBx protein. Whether the antiviral activity of the Smc5/6 complex against hepadnaviruses is an important and evolutionary-conserved function is unknown. Here, we used a combined evolutionary and functional approach to address this question. We first performed phylogenetic and positive selection analyses of the six Smc5/6 complex subunits and found that they have been highly conserved in primates and mammals. Yet, the Smc6 subunit showed marks of adaptive evolution, potentially reminiscent of virus-host "arms-race" We then functionally tested the HBx from six very divergent hepadnaviruses now naturally infecting primates, rodents, and bats. Despite little sequence homology, we demonstrate that these HBx efficiently degraded mammalian Smc5/6 complexes, independently of the host species and of the sites under positive selection. Importantly, all also rescued the replication of an HBx-deficient HBV in primary human hepatocytes. These findings point to an evolutionary-conserved requirement for Smc5/6 inactivation by HBx, showing that the Smc5/6 antiviral activity has been an important defense mechanism against hepadnaviruses in mammals. Interestingly, Smc5/6 may further be a restriction factor of other yet unidentified viruses that have driven some of its adaptation.nnImportanceInfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) led to 887000 human deaths in 2015. HBV has been co-evolving with mammals for millions of years. Recently, the Smc5/6 complex, known for its essential housekeeping functions, was identified as a restriction factor of human HBV antagonized by the regulatory HBx protein. Here, we address whether the antiviral activity of Smc5/6 is an important evolutionary-conserved function. We found that all six subunits of Smc5/6 have been conserved in primates with only Smc6 showing signatures of "evolutionary arms-race" Using evolutionary-guided functional assays that include infections of primary human hepatocytes, we demonstrate that HBx from very divergent mammalian HBVs could all efficiently antagonize Smc5/6, independently of the host species and sites under positive selection. These findings show that the Smc5/6 antiviral activity against HBV is an important function in mammals. It also raises the intriguing possibility that Smc5/6 restricts other, yet unidentified viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Filleton, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdul, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerossier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paturel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strubin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etienne, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/202671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Smc5/6 complex belongs to a novel class of evolutionary-constrained restriction factors and is antagonized by all mammalian hepatitis B virus X proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/226183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PWO1 interacts with PcG proteins and histones to regulate Arabidopsis flowering and development. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/226183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins mediate epigenetic gene regulation by setting H3K27me3 via Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). In plants, it is largely unclear how PcG proteins are recruited to their target genes.nnHere, we identified the PWWP-DOMAIN INTERACTOR OF POLYCOMBS1 (PWO1) protein which interacts with all three Arabidopsis PRC2 histone methyltransferases and is required for keeping full H3 occupancy at several Arabidopsis genes. PWO1 localizes and recruits CLF to nuclear speckles in tobacco nuclei, suggesting a role in spatial organization of PcG regulation. PWO1 belongs to a gene family with three members acting redundantly: pwo1 pwo2 pwo3 triple mutants are seedling lethal and show shoot and root meristem arrest, while pwo1 single mutants are early flowering. Interestingly, PWO1s PWWP domain confers binding to histones, which is reduced by a point mutation in a highly conserved residue of this domain and blocked by phosphorylation of H3S28. PWO1 carrying this mutation is not able to fully complement the pwo1 pwo2 pwo3 triple mutant, indicating the requirement of this domain for PWO1 in vivo activity. Thus, the PWO family may present a novel class of histone readers which are involved in recruiting PcG proteins to subnuclear domains and in promoting Arabidopsis development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hohenstatt, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikulski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komarynets, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klose, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kycia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeltsch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrona, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schubert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/226183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PWO1 interacts with PcG proteins and histones to regulate Arabidopsis flowering and development.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/266072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence-directed action of RSC remodeler and pioneer factors positions +1 nucleosome to facilitate transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/266072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accessible chromatin is important for RNA polymerase II recruitment and transcription initiation at eukaryotic promoters. We investigated the mechanistic links between promoter DNA sequence, nucleosome positioning and transcription. Our results indicate that precise positioning of the transcription start site-associated +1 nucleosome in yeast is critical for efficient TBP binding, and is driven by two key factors, the essential chromatin remodeler RSC and a small set of ubiquitous pioneer transcription factors. We find no evidence for recruitment of RSC by pioneer factors, but show instead that the strength and directionality of RSC action on nucleosomes depends upon the arrangement of two specific DNA motifs that promote its binding and nucleosome displacement activity at promoters. Thus, despite their widespread co-localization, RSC and pioneer factors predominantly act independently to generate accessible chromatin. Our results provide insight into how promoter DNA sequence instructs trans-acting factors to control nucleosome architecture and stimulate transcription initiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kubik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dubhuir, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Jonge, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattarocci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falcone, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruzzone, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holstege, F. C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/266072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence-directed action of RSC remodeler and pioneer factors positions +1 nucleosome to facilitate transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/298984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive cellular heterogeneity of X inactivation revealed by single-cell allele-specific expression in human fibroblasts. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/298984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In eutherian mammals, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) provides a dosage compensation mechanism where in each female cell one of the two X chromosomes is randomly silenced. However, some genes on the inactive X chromosome and outside the pseudoautosomal regions escape from XCI and are expressed from both alleles (escapees). Given the relevance of the escapees in biology and medicine, we investigated XCI at an unprecedented single-cell resolution. We combined deep single-cell RNA sequencing with whole genome sequencing to examine allelic specific expression (ASE) in 935 primary fibroblast and 48 lymphoblastoid single cells from five female individuals. In this framework we integrated an original method to identify and exclude doublets of cells. We have identified 55 genes as escapees including 5 novel escapee genes. Moreover, we observed that all genes exhibit a variable propensity to escape XCI in each cell and cell type, and that each cell displays a distinct expression profile of the escapee genes. We devised a novel metric, the Inactivation Score (IS), defined as the mean of the allelic expression profiles of the escapees per cell, and discovered a heterogeneous and continuous degree of cellular XCI with extremes represented by "inactive" cells, i.e., exclusively expressing the escaping genes from the active X chromosome, and "escaping" cells, expressing the escapees from both alleles. Intriguingly we found that XIST is the major genetic determinant of IS, and that XIST expression, higher in G0 phase, is negatively correlated with the expression of escapees, inactivated and pseudoautosomal genes. In this study we use single-cell allele specific expression to identify novel escapees in different tissues and provide evidence of an unexpected cellular heterogeneity of XCI driven by a possible regulatory activity of XIST.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>stamoulis, g.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garieri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falconnet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribaux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>borel, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoni, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/298984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive cellular heterogeneity of X inactivation revealed by single-cell allele-specific expression in human fibroblasts.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/314575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine-tuning cellular levels of DprA ensures transformant fitness in the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/314575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural genetic transformation is a widespread mechanism of bacterial horizontal gene transfer. Transformation involves the internalization of exogenous DNA as single strands, followed by chromosomal integration via homologous recombination, promoting acquisition of new genetic traits. Transformation occurs during a distinct physiological state called competence, during which all proteins required to transform are produced. In the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, competence is controlled by a two-component system ComDE, which is induced by an exported peptide pheromone. DprA is universal among transformable species, strongly and specifically induced during pneumococcal competence, and crucial for pneumococcal transformation. Pneumococcal DprA plays three crucial roles in transformation and competence. Firstly, DprA protects internalized single-stranded (ss) DNA from degradation. Secondly, DprA loads the homologous recombinase RecA onto transforming ssDNA to promote transformation. Finally, DprA interacts with the response regulator ComE to shut-off pneumococcal competence. Pneumococcal shut-off has been linked to physiology, with long growth delays in competent dprA- cells. Here, we explored the effect of altering the cellular levels of DprA on these three roles. High cellular levels of DprA were not required for the primary role of DprA as a transformation-dedicated recombinase loader or for protection of transforming ssDNA. In contrast, full expression of dprA was required for optimal competence shut-off. Full expression of dprA was also crucial for transformant fitness. High cellular levels of DprA in competent cells thus ensure the fitness of pneumococcal transformants by promoting competence shut-off. This promotes survival and propagation of transformants, thus maximizing the adaptive potential of this human pathogen.nnImportanceTransformation is a widespread mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that allows bacteria to acquire new genetic traits by internalizing foreign DNA and integrating it into their chromosomes. Transformation occurs during a transient physiological state called competence. DprA is conserved in transformable species and crucial for the protection and integration of transforming DNA. In the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, DprA is highly abundant and is also crucial for competence shut-off. Here, we show that high DprA expression is not required for transformation. In contrast, full expression of dprA was required for competence shut-off and transformant fitness. These findings thus link high cellular levels of DprA to survival and propagation of pneumococcal transformants, maximizing the adaptive potential of this human pathogen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnston, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortier-Barriere, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khemici, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/314575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine-tuning cellular levels of DprA ensures transformant fitness in the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/375758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guanabenz treatment improves Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/375758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare late onset genetic disease affecting most profoundly eyelid and pharyngeal muscles, leading respectively to ptosis and dysphagia, and proximal limb muscles at later stages. A short abnormal (GCG) triplet expansion in the polyA- binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) gene leads to PABPN1-containing aggregates in the muscles of OPMD patients. It is commonly accepted that aggregates themselves, the aggregation process and/or the early oligomeric species of PABPN1 are toxic in OPMD. Decreasing PABPN1 aggregate load in animal models of OPMD ameliorates the muscle phenotype. In order to identify a potential therapeutic molecule that would prevent and reduce aggregates, we tested guanabenz acetate (GA), an FDA-approved antihypertensive drug, in OPMD cells as well as in the A17 OPMD mouse model. We demonstrate that treating mice with GA reduces the size and number of nuclear aggregates, improves muscle force, protects myofibres from the pathology-derived turnover and decreases fibrosis. GA is known to target various cell processes, including the unfolded protein response (UPR), which acts to attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here we used a cellular model of OPMD to demonstrate that GA increases both the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiator factor 2 subunit (eIF2) and the splicing of Xbp1, key components of the UPR. Altogether these data suggest that modulation of protein folding regulation can be beneficial for OPMD and support the further development of guanabenz or its derivatives for treatment of OPMD in humans.nnSignificance StatementOculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare late onset incurable genetic disease characterized by the formation of insoluble aggregates in skeletal muscles. It has been shown that the reduction of aggregates correlates with an improvement of the disease. Here we used a mouse model of OPMD to show that Guanabenz acetate, the active constituent of a marketed but recently discontinued drug for hypertension, decreases the number and the size of aggregates after systemic delivery and improves many aspects of the disease. We also describe experimental evidences explaining the mechanism behind the efficacy of such compound for OPMD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malerba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harish, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhiab, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu-Nguyen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cappellari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahoudeau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ythier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negroni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abgueguen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simonelig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guedat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouly, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler-Browne, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voisset, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trollet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/375758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guanabenz treatment improves Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/422139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hierarchical structure and memory retrieval mechanisms in agreement attraction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/422139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Speakers occasionally cause the verb to agree with an element that is not the subject, a so-called  attractor; likewise, comprehenders occasionally fail to notice agreement errors when the attractor agrees with the verb. Cross-linguistic studies converge in showing that attraction is modulated by the hierarchical position of the attractor in the sentence structure. We report two experiments exploring the link between structural position and memory representations in attraction. The method used is innovative in two respects: we used jabberwocky materials to control for semantic influences and focus on structural agreement processing, and we used a Speed-Accuracy Trade-off (SAT) design combined with a memory probe recognition task, as classically used in list memorization tasks. SAT allowed us to investigate the full time-course of processing and it enabled the joint measurement of retrieval speed and retrieval accuracy. Experiment 1 first established that attraction arises in jabberwocky sentences, to a similar extent and following the same structure-dependency as in natural sentences. Experiment 2 showed a close alignment between the attraction profiles found in Experiment 1 and memory parameters. Results support a content-addressable architecture of memory representations for sentences in which nouns accessibility depends on their syntactic position, while subjects are kept in the focus of attention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/422139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hierarchical structure and memory retrieval mechanisms in agreement attraction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/472290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The sensitivity to Hsp90 inhibitors of both normal and oncogenically transformed cells is determined by the equilibrium between cellular quiescence and activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/472290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is an essential and highly abundant central node in the interactome of eukaryotic cells. Many of its large number of client proteins are relevant to cancer. A hallmark of Hsp90-dependent proteins is that their accumulation is compromised by Hsp90 inhibitors. Combined with the anecdotal observation that cancer cells may be more sensitive to Hsp90 inhibitors, this has led to clinical trials aiming to develop Hsp90 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents. However, the sensitivity to Hsp90 inhibitors has not been studied in rigorously matched normal versus cancer cells, and despite the discovery of important regulators of Hsp90 activity and inhibitor sensitivity, it has remained unclear, why cancer cells might be more sensitive. To revisit this issue more systematically, we have generated an isogenic pair of normal and oncogenically transformed NIH-3T3 cell lines. Our proteomic analysis of the impact of three chemically different Hsp90 inhibitors shows that these affect a substantial portion of the oncogenic program and that indeed, transformed cells are hypersensitive. Targeting the oncogenic signaling pathway reverses the hypersensitivity, and so do inhibitors of DNA replication, cell growth, translation and energy metabolism. Conversely, stimulating normal cells with growth factors or challenging their proteostasis by overexpressing an aggregation-prone sensitizes them to Hsp90 inhibitors. Thus, the differential sensitivity to Hsp90 inhibitors may not stem from any particular intrinsic difference between normal and cancer cells, but rather from a shift in the balance between cellular quiescence and activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Echeverria, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/472290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The sensitivity to Hsp90 inhibitors of both normal and oncogenically transformed cells is determined by the equilibrium between cellular quiescence and activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic resistance to DEHP-induced transgenerational endocrine disruption 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) interferes with sex hormones signaling pathways (SHP). C57BL/6J mice prenatally exposed to DEHP develop a testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) at adulthood, but similarly-exposed FVB/N mice are not affected. Here we aim to understand the reasons behind this drastic difference that should depend on the genome of the strain. In both backgrounds, pregnant female mice received per os either DEHP or corn oil vehicle and the male filiations were examined. Computer-assisted sperm analysis showed a DEHP-induced decreased sperm count and velocities in C57BL/6J. Sperm RNA sequencing experiments resulted in the identification of the 62 most differentially expressed RNAs. These RNAs, mainly regulated by hormones, produced strain-specific transcriptional responses to prenatal exposure to DEHP; a pool of RNAs was increased in FVB, another pool of RNAs was decreased in C57BL/6J. In FVB/N, analysis of non-synonymous SNP impacting SHP identified rs387782768 and rs387782768 respectively associated with absence of the Forkhead Box A3 (Foxa3) RNA and increased expression of estrogen receptor 1 variant 4 (NM_001302533) RNA. Analysis of the role of SNPs modifying SHP binding sites in function of strain-specific responses to DEHP revealed a DEHP-resistance allele in FVB/N containing an additional FOXA1-3 binding site at rs30973633 and four DEHP-induced beta-defensins (Defb42, Defb30, Defb47 and Defb48). A DEHP-susceptibility allele in C57BL/6J contained five SNPs (rs28279710, rs32977910, rs46648903, rs46677594 and rs48287999) affecting SHP and six genes (Svs2, Svs3b, Svs4, Svs3a, Svs6 and Svs5) epigenetically silenced by DEHP. Finally, targeted experiments confirmed increased methylation in the Svs3ab promoter with decreased SEMG2 persisting across generations, providing a molecular explanation for the transgenerational sperm velocity decrease found in C57BL/6J after DEHP exposure. We conclude that the existence of SNP-dependent mechanisms in inbred mice may confer resistance to transgenerational endocrine disruption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stenz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahban, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paoloni-Giacobino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/474155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic resistance to DEHP-induced transgenerational endocrine disruption]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/493403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative haplotype estimation with sub-linear complexity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/493403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The number of human genomes being genotyped or sequenced increases exponentially and efficient haplotype estimation methods able to handle this amount of data are now required. Here, we present a new method, SHAPEIT4, which substantially improves upon other methods to process large genotype and high coverage sequencing datasets. It notably exhibits sub-linear scaling with sample size, provides highly accurate haplotypes and allows integrating external phasing information such as large reference panels of haplotypes, collections of pre-phased variants and long sequencing reads. We provide SHAPET4 in an open source format on https://odelaneau.github.io/shapeit4/ and demonstrate its performance in terms of accuracy and running times on two gold standard datasets: the UK Biobank data and the Genome In A Bottle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zagury, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermitzakis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/493403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative haplotype estimation with sub-linear complexity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/529966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intracortical neural activity distal to seizure-onset-areas predicts human focal seizures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/529966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The apparent unpredictability of epileptic seizures has a major impact in the quality of life of people with pharmacologically resistant seizures. Here, we present initial results and a proof-of-concept of how focal seizures can be predicted early in advance based on intracortical signals recorded from small neocortical patches away from identified seizure onset areas. We show that machine learning algorithms can discriminate between interictal and preictal periods based on multiunit activity (i.e. thresholded action potential counts) and multi-frequency band local field potentials recorded via 4 X 4 mm2 microelectrode arrays. Microelectrode arrays were implanted in 5 patients undergoing neuromonitoring for resective surgery. Post-implant analysis revealed arrays were outside the seizure onset areas. Preictal periods were defined as the 1-hour period leading to a seizure. A 5-minute gap between the preictal period and the putative seizure onset was enforced to account for potential errors in the determination of actual seizure onset times. We used extreme gradient boosting and long short-term memory networks for prediction. Prediction accuracy based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves reached 90% for at least one feature type in each patient. Importantly, successful prediction could be achieved based exclusively on multiunit activity. This result indicates that preictal activity in the recorded neocortical patches involved not only subthreshold postsynaptic potentials, perhaps driven by the distal seizure onset areas, but also neuronal spiking in distal recurrent neocortical networks. Beyond the commonly identified seizure onset areas, our findings point to the engagement of large-scale neuronal networks in the neural dynamics building up toward a seizure. Our initial results obtained on currently available human intracortical recordings warrant new studies on larger datasets, and open new perspectives for seizure prediction and control by emphasizing the contribution of multiscale neural signals in large-scale neuronal networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Proix, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aghagolzadeh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosgrove, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskandar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochberg, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truccolo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/529966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intracortical neural activity distal to seizure-onset-areas predicts human focal seizures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/568402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of an intra-abdominal cooling device during open kidney transplantation in pigs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/568402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundKidney transplantation using deceased donors still suffers from high post-operative dysfunction rate. During implantation into the recipient, the kidney rewarms. This second warm ischemia time, which is not monitored, is harmful especially if prolonged. We recently developed an intra-abdominal cooling device that efficiently prevents kidney rewarming during robotic transplantation, and prevent ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Here, we tested the benefits of this cooling device during open kidney transplantation in pigs.nnMaterialsKidneys were procured from large pigs by open bilateral nephrectomy. Following procurement, kidneys were flushed with 4{degrees}C Institut Georges Lopez-1 preservation solution, and placed on ice for 128.5 {+/-} 23.2 min. The cooling device was used to continuously cool down the kidney during the vascular anastomosis time.nnMethodsAnimals underwent double sequential autologous open renal transplantation with (n = 7) and without (n = 6) intra-abdominal cooling. Renal cortex temperature and urine output were monitored. The severity of the ischemia reperfusion lesions was analyzed by histology (modified Goujon score).nnResultsMean anastomosis time was similar between groups (43.9 {+/-} 13 min). At reperfusion, the renal cortex temperature was lower in the group with cooling (4.3 {+/-} 1.1{degrees}C vs 26.5 {+/-} 5.5{degrees}C p <0.001). The cooled kidneys tended to be protected from injury, including some histopathological ischemia-reperfusion lesions. With the device, kidneys had a better immediate post-operative urine output (p=0.05).nnConclusionsOur results indicate that the intra-abdominal cooling device significantly reduces second warm ischemic time during transplantation, is technically safe, and does not prolong anastomotic time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Longchamp, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, R. P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colucci, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaphas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nastasi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longchamp, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moll, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klauser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascual, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazeyras, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corpataux, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bühler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/568402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of an intra-abdominal cooling device during open kidney transplantation in pigs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/572032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Colony entropy - Allocation of goods in ant colonies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/572032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allocation of goods is a key feature in defining the connection between the individual and the collective scale in any society. Both the process by which goods are to be distributed, and the resulting allocation to the members of the society may affect the success of the population as a whole. One of the most striking natural examples of a highly successful cooperative society is the ant colony which often acts as a single superorganism. In particular, each individual within the ant colony has a "communal stomach" which is used to store and share food with the other colony members by mouth to mouth feeding. Sharing food between communal stomachs allows the colony as a whole to get its food requirements and, more so, allows each individual within the colony to reach its nutritional intake target. The vast majority of colony members do not forage independently but obtain their food through secondary interactions in which food is exchanged between individuals. The global effect of this exchange is not well understood. To gain better understanding into this process we used fluorescence imaging to measure how the collected food is distributed and homogenized within a Camponotus sanctus ant colony. Using entropic measures to quantify food-blending, we show that while collected food flows into all parts of the colony it homogenizes only partly. We show that mixing is controlled by the ants interaction rule in which only a fraction of the maximal potential is actually transferred. This rule leads to a robust blending process: i.e., neither the exact food volume that is transferred, nor the interaction schedule are essential to generate the global outcome. Finally, we show how the ants interaction rules may optimize a trade-off between fast dissemination and efficient mixing.nnAuthor summaryWe study how food is distributed in colonies of ants. Food collected by a small fraction of ants is distributed throughout the colony through a series of mouth-to-mouth interactions.nnAn interesting interplay exists between food dissemination and food mixing within the colony. High levels of dissemination are important as they ensure that any food type is available to any ant. On the other hand, high dissemination induces mixing and this reduces the required variety of nutritional choices within the colony.nnTracking fluorescent-labelled food and interpreting the results within concepts of information theory, we show that food collected by each forager reaches almost every ant in the colony. Nonetheless, it is not homogenized across workers, resulting in a limited level of mixing.nnWe suggest that the difference in food mixture held by each individuals can provide ants the potential to control their nutritional intake by interacting with different partners.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Greenwald, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmann, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feinerman, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/572032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Colony entropy - Allocation of goods in ant colonies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/593285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional maintenance of cortical somatostatin interneuron subtype identity during migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/593285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent work suggests that cortical interneuron diversity arises from genetic mechanisms guided by the interplay of intrinsic developmental patterning and local extrinsic cues. Individual genetic programs underlying subtype identity are at least partly established in postmitotic neural precursors, prior to their tangential migration and integration in the cortical circuitry. Nevertheless, it is unclear how distinct interneuron identities are maintained during their migration and maturation. Sox6 is a transcription factor with an established role in MGE-derived interneuron maturation and positional identity. To determine its role in maintaining somatostatin (Sst)-expressing interneurons subtype identity, we conditionally removed Sox6 in migrating Sst interneurons and assessed the effects on their mature identity using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq), in situ hybridization and electrophysiology. Sox6 removal prior to migration in Sst-expressing neurons reduced subtype diversity without affecting overall number of neurons. Seven out of nine Sst-expressing molecular subtypes were absent in the mature primary somatosensory cortex of Sox6-cKO mice, including the Chodl-Nos1-expressing type which has been shown to be specified at, or shortly after, cell cycle exit. The remaining Sst-expressing subtypes in the Sox6-cKO cortex comprised three molecular subtypes, Crh-C1ql3 and Hpse-Cbln4, and a third subtype that seemed to be a molecular hybrid of these subtypes. Moreover, Sox6-cKO cells still expressed genes enriched within the entire class of Sst-expressing neurons, such as Sst, Lhx6, Satb1, Elfn1 and Mafb. Removal of Sox6 at P7, after cells have reached their final destination and begin integration into the network, did not disrupt Chodl-Nos1 marker expression. Our findings suggest that expression of Sox6 during the migratory phase of cortical interneurons is necessary for maintenance of Sst+ subtype identity, indicating that subtype maintenance during migration requires active transcriptional programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munguba, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikouei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochgerner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberst, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouznetsova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastista-Brito, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Manchado, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Close, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnarsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hjerling Leffler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/593285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional maintenance of cortical somatostatin interneuron subtype identity during migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/593368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decreased confidence in loss-avoidance contexts is a primary meta-cognitive bias of human reinforcement learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/593368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In simple instrumental-learning tasks, humans learn to seek gains and to avoid losses equally well. Yet, two effects of valence are observed. First, decisions in loss-contexts are slower, which is consistent with the Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) hypothesis. Second, loss contexts decrease individuals confidence in their choices - a bias akin to a Pavlovian-to-metacognitive transfer (PMT). Whether these two effects are two manifestations of a single mechanism or whether they can be partially dissociated is unknown. Here, across six experiments, we attempted to disrupt the PIT effects by manipulating the mapping between decisions and actions and imposing constraints on response times (RTs). Our goal was to assess the presence of the metacognitive bias in the absence of the RT bias. Were observed both PIT and PMT despite our disruption attempts, establishing that the effects of valence on motor and metacognitive responses are very robust and replicable. Nonetheless, within- and between-individual inferences reveal that the confidence bias resists the disruption of the RT bias. Therefore, although concomitant in most cases, PMT and PIT seem to be - partly - dissociable. These results highlight new important mechanistic constraints that should be incorporated in learning models to jointly explain choice, reaction times and confidence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ting, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palminteri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelmann, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebreton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/593368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decreased confidence in loss-avoidance contexts is a primary meta-cognitive bias of human reinforcement learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/606517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitotic exit is controlled during anaphase by an Aurora B-Cyclin B1/Cdk1 crosstalk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/606517v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
According to the prevailing "clock" model, chromosome decondensation and nuclear envelope reassembly during mitotic exit are byproducts of Cdk1 inactivation at the metaphase-anaphase transition, controlled by the spindle assembly checkpoint. However, mitotic exit was recently shown to be a function of chromosome separation during anaphase, assisted by a midzone Aurora B phosphorylation gradient - the "ruler" model. Here we reconciled both models by showing that Cyclin B1 degradation continues during anaphase in Drosophila, mouse and human cells, including primary tissues. This required APC/CCdh1 activity, and failure to degrade Cyclin B1 during anaphase prevented mitotic exit in a Cdk1-dependent manner. Cyclin B1 localization and half-life during anaphase depended on kinesin-6, which targets Aurora B to the spindle midzone. Mechanistically, we show that anaphase duration is regulated by Aurora B-mediated phosphorylation of Cyclin B1. We propose that a crosstalk between molecular "rulers" and "clocks" licenses mitotic exit only after proper chromosome separation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maiato, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afonso, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheeseman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morais-de-Sa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/606517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitotic exit is controlled during anaphase by an Aurora B-Cyclin B1/Cdk1 crosstalk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel Rhabdovirus and an almost complete drain fly transcriptome recovered from two independent contaminations of clinical samples. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645325v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metagenomic approaches enable an open exploration of microbial communities without requiring a priori knowledge of a samples composition by shotgun sequencing the total RNA or DNA of the sample. Such an approach is valuable for exploratory diagnostics of novel pathogens in clinical practice. Yet, one may also identify surprising off-target findings. Here we report a mostly complete transcriptome from a drain fly (likely Psychoda alternata) as well as a novel Rhabdovirus-like virus recovered from two independent contaminations of RNA sequencing libraries from clinical samples of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and serum, out of a total of 724 libraries sequenced at the same laboratory during a 2-year time span. This drain fly genome shows a considerable divergence from previously sequenced insects, which may obscure common clinical metagenomic analyses not expecting such contaminations. The classification of these contaminant sequences allowed us to identify infected drain flies as the likely origin of the novel Rhabdovirus-like sequence, which could have been erroneously linked to human pathology, had they been ignored.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brito, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laubscher, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schibler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keitel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mlaganile, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>d'Acremont, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/645325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel Rhabdovirus and an almost complete drain fly transcriptome recovered from two independent contaminations of clinical samples.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/649434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine chromatin-driven mechanism of transcription interference by antisense noncoding transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/649434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomes are almost entirely transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Consequently, the transcription of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) often overlaps with coding gene promoters triggering potential gene repression through a poorly characterized mechanism of transcription interference. In this study, we propose a global model of chromatin-based transcription interference in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). By using a noncoding transcription inducible strain, we analyzed the relationship between antisense elongation and coding sense repression, nucleosome occupancy and transcription-associated histone modifications using near-base pair resolution techniques. We show that antisense noncoding transcription leads to the deaceylation of a subpopulation of -1/+1 nucleosomes associated with increased H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3). Reduced acetylation results in decreased binding of the RSC chromatin remodeler at -1/+1 nucleosomes and subsequent sliding into the Nucleosome-Depleted Region (NDR) hindering Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC) association. Finally, we extend our model by showing that natural antisense noncoding transcription significantly represses around 20% of S. cerevisiae genes through this chromatin-based transcription interference mechanism.nnHighlightsO_LIInduction of antisense noncoding transcription leads to -1/+1 nucleosome sliding that competes with sense transcription PIC deposition.nC_LIO_LIAntisense induction leads to a subpopulation of H3K36me3 nucleosomes differently positioned compared to H3K18ac nucleosomes.nC_LIO_LIRSC chromatin remodeler recruitment to -1/+1 nucleosomes is modulated by histone acetylation levels.nC_LIO_LI20% of S. cerevisiae genes are significantly repressed by this antisense-dependent chromatin-based transcription interference mechanism.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gill, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maffioletti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Molinero, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soudet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/649434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine chromatin-driven mechanism of transcription interference by antisense noncoding transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/728964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Timing and original features of flagellum assembly in trypanosomes during development in the tsetse fly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/728964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Trypanosoma brucei exhibits a complex life cycle alternating between tsetse flies and mammalian hosts. When parasites infect the fly, cells differentiate to adapt to life in various tissues, which is accompanied by drastic morphological and biochemical modifications especially in the proventriculus. This key step represents a bottleneck for salivary gland infection. Here we monitored flagellum assembly in trypanosomes during differentiation from the trypomastigote to the epimastigote stage, i.e. when the nucleus migrates to the posterior end of the cell. Three-dimensional electron microscopy (Focused Ion Bean Scanning Electron Microscopy, FIB-SEM) and immunofluorescence assays provided structural and molecular evidence that the new flagellum is assembled while the nucleus migrates towards the posterior region of the body. Two major differences with well known procyclic cells are reported. First, growth of the new flagellum begins when the associated basal body is found in a posterior position relative to the mature one. Second, the new flagellum acquires its own flagellar pocket before rotating on the left side of the anterior-posterior axis. FIB-SEM revealed the presence of a structure connecting the new and mature flagellum and serial sectioning confirmed morphological similarities with the flagella connector of procyclic cells. We discuss potential function of the flagella connector in trypanosomes from the proventriculus. These findings show that T. brucei finely modulates its cytoskeletal components to generate highly variable morphologies.nnAuthor SummaryTrypanosoma brucei is a flagellated parasitic protist that causes human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness and that is transmitted by the bite of tsetse flies. The complex life cycle of T. brucei inside the tsetse digestive tract requires adaptation to specific organs and follow a strictly defined order. It is marked by morphological modifications in cell shape and size, as well organelle positioning. In the proventriculus of tsetse flies, T. brucei undergoes a unique asymmetric division leading to two very different daughter cells: one with a short and one with a long flagellum. This organelle is crucial for the trypanosome life cycle as it is involved in motility, adhesion and morphogenesis. Here we investigated flagellum assembly using molecular and 3D Electron Microscopy approaches revealing that flagellum construction in proventricular trypanosomes is concomitant with parasite differentiation. During flagellum growth, the new flagellum is connected to the mature one and rotates around the mature one after its emergence at the cell surface. The sequence of events is different from what is observed in the well-studied procyclic stage in culture revealing different processes governing morphological development. These results highlight the importance to study pathogen development in their natural environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lemos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertiaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imbert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotureau, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/728964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Timing and original features of flagellum assembly in trypanosomes during development in the tsetse fly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/784066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Bacterial Cell Pole Stabilization in Caulobacter crescentus Sensitizes to Outer Membrane Stress and Peptidoglycan-Directed Antibiotics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/784066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rod-shaped bacteria frequently localise proteins to one or both cell poles in order to regulate processes such as chromosome replication or polar organelle development. However, the role of such polar factors in responses to extracellular stimuli has been generally unexplored. We employed chemical-genetic screening to probe the interaction between one such factor from Caulobacter crescentus, TipN, and extracellular stress and found that TipN is required for normal tolerance of cell envelope-directed antibiotics, including vancomycin that does not normally inhibit growth of Gram-negative bacteria. Forward genetic screening for suppressors of vancomycin sensitivity in the absence of TipN revealed the TonB-dependent receptor ChvT as the mediator of vancomycin tolerance. Loss of ChvT improved resistance to vancomycin and cefixime in the otherwise sensitive {Delta}tipN strain. The activity of the two-component system regulating ChvT (ChvIG) was increased in {Delta}tipN cells relative to wild type under some, but not all, cell wall stress conditions that this strain was sensitised to, in particular cefixime and detergent exposure. Together, these results indicate that the ChvIG two-component system has been co-opted as a sensor of cell wall stress and that TipN can influence cell envelope stability and ChvIG-mediated signaling in addition to its roles in intracellular development.nnAuthor summaryMaintenance of an intact cell envelope is essential for free-living bacteria to survive harsh conditions they may encounter in their environment. In the case of rod-shaped bacteria, the poles of the cell are potential weak points in the cell envelope due to the high curvature of the layers and the need to break and re-form parts of the cell envelope at the division plane in order to form new poles as the cells replicate and divide. We have found that TipN, a factor required for correct division and cell pole development in the rod-shaped bacterium, Caulobacter crescentus, is also needed for maintaining normal levels of resistance to cell wall-targeting antibiotics such as vancomycin and cefixime, which interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis. We also identified an outer membrane receptor, ChvT, that was responsible for allowing vancomycin access to the cells and found that the two-component system that negatively regulates ChvT production was activated by various kinds of cell wall stress. Presence or absence of TipN influenced how active this system was in the presence of cefixime or of the membrane-disrupting detergent sodium deoxycholate. Since TipN is normally located at the poles of the cell and at the division plane just before cells complete division, our results suggest that it is involved in stabilisation of these weak points of the cell envelope as well as its other roles inside the cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vallet, S.-U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bistrup, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapalay, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcatti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkpatrick, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/784066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Bacterial Cell Pole Stabilization in Caulobacter crescentus Sensitizes to Outer Membrane Stress and Peptidoglycan-Directed Antibiotics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/800649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CLICK-enabled analogues reveal pregnenolone interactomes in cancer and immune cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/800649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pregnenolone (P5) promotes prostate cancer cell growth, and de novo synthesis of intratumoural P5 is a potential cause of development of castration-resistance. Immune cells can also synthesize P5 de novo. Despite its biological importance, little is known about P5s mode of actions, which appears to be context-dependent and pleiotropic. A comprehensive proteome-wide spectrum of P5-binding proteins that are involved in its trafficking and functionality remains unknown. Here, we describe an approach that integrates chemical biology for probe synthesis with chemoproteomics to map P5-protein interactions in live prostate cancer cells and murine CD8+ T cells. We subsequently identified P5-binding proteins potentially involved in P5-trafficking, and in P5s non-genomic action that may drive the promotion of castrate-resistance prostate cancer and regulate CD8+ T cell function. We envisage that this methodology could be employed for other steroids to map their interactomes directly in a broad range of living cells, tissues and organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sipthorp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramanik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennrich, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavin, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teichmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/800649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CLICK-enabled analogues reveal pregnenolone interactomes in cancer and immune cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/831214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel experimental system reveals immunoregulatory responses as mediators of persistent orthohantavirus infections in a rodent reservoir host 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/831214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Orthohantaviruses are globally emerging zoonotic pathogens. Human infections are characterized by an overt immune response that is efficient at counteracting virus replication but can also cause severe tissue damage. In contrast, orthohantavirus infections in rodent reservoir hosts are persistent and asymptomatic. The mechanisms facilitating asymptomatic virus persistence in reservoir hosts are not well understood but could help to guide therapeutic strategies for human infections. Here we report on a study using in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate immune responses associated with persistent Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) infections in the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), its reservoir host. We examined adaptive cellular and humoral responses by quantifying changes in T-cell related gene expression in the spleen and immunoglobulin (Ig) responses in blood, respectively. Since existing Vero E6-cell adapted hantavirus isolates have been demonstrated to have lost their wild-type infection characteristics, infections were conducted with a novel PUUV strain isolated on a bank vole cell line. Whole virus genome sequencing revealed that only minor sequence changes occurred during the isolation process, and critically, experimental infections of bank voles with the new isolate resembled natural infections. In vitro infection of bank vole splenocytes with the novel isolate demonstrated that PUUV promotes immunoregulatory responses by inducing interleukin-10, a cytokine strongly associated with chronic viral infections. A delayed virus-specific humoral response occurred in experimentally infected bank voles, which is likely to allow for initial virus replication and the establishment of persistent infections. These results suggest that host immunoregulation facilitates persistent orthohantavirus infections in reservoir hosts.nnImportanceOrthohantaviruses are a group of global pathogens that regularly spillover from rodent reservoirs into humans and can cause severe disease. Conversely, infections in reservoir hosts do not cause obvious adverse effects. The mechanisms responsible for persistent asymptomatic reservoir infections are unknown, and progress has been hindered by the absence of an adequate experimental system. Knowledge on these mechanisms could help provide strategies to treat human infections. We developed and validated an experimental system based on an orthohantavirus isolated in cells of its vole reservoir host. Using animal and cell culture experiments in the reservoir host system, we demonstrated that infection suppresses immunity in the vole reservoir via specific mechanisms, likely allowing the virus to take hold and preventing immune responses that can cause self-damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strandin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahola, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaltonen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sironen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hepojoki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckerle, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulrich, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vapalahti, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kipar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forbes, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/831214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel experimental system reveals immunoregulatory responses as mediators of persistent orthohantavirus infections in a rodent reservoir host]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/834945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared anomalies in cortical reading networks in Chinese and French dyslexic children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/834945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Are the brain mechanisms of reading acquisition similar across writing systems? And do similar brain anomalies underlie reading disabilities in alphabetic and ideographic reading systems? In a cross-cultural paradigm, we measured the fMRI responses to words, faces and houses of 96 Chinese and French 10-year-old children, half of whom struggle with reading. We observed a reading circuit which was strikingly similar across languages and consisting of the left fusiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus/sulcus, precentral and middle frontal gyri. Activations in some of these areas were modulated either by language or by reading ability, but without interaction between those factors. In various regions previously associated with dyslexia, reading difficulty affected activation similarly in Chinese and French readers, including the middle frontal gyrus, a region previously described as specifically altered in Chinese. Our analyses reveal a large degree of cross-cultural invariance in the neural correlates of reading acquisition and reading disabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altarelli, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monzalvo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehaene, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehaene-Lambertz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/834945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared anomalies in cortical reading networks in Chinese and French dyslexic children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/872317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin (TIM) contributes to Hantaan virus entry into human airway epithelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/872317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hantaviruses are rodent-borne haemorrhagic fever viruses leading to serious diseases. Viral attachment and entry represent the first steps in virus transmission and are promising targets for antiviral therapeutic intervention. Here we investigated receptor use in human airway epithelium of the Old and New World hantaviruses Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Andes virus (ANDV). Using a biocontained recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype platform, we provide first evidence for a role of the cellular phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors of the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin (TIM) in HTNV and ANDV entry. In line with previous studies, HTNV, but not ANDV, was able to use the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate and v{beta}3 integrin as co-receptors. In sum, our studies demonstrate for the first time that hantaviruses use PS receptors and hence apoptotic mimicry to invade human airway epithelium, which may explain why these viruses can easily break the species barrier.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mayor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torriani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothenberger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engler, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/872317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin (TIM) contributes to Hantaan virus entry into human airway epithelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/872952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A key regulatory protein for flagellum length control in stable flagella 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/872952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cilia and flagella are highly conserved microtubule-based organelles that have important roles in cell motility and sensing [1]. They can be highly dynamic and short lived such as primary cilia or Chlamydomonas [2] or very stable and long lived such as those in spermatozoa [3] photoreceptors [4] or the flagella of many protist cells [3,4]. Although there is a wide variation in length between cell types, there is generally a defined length for a given cell type [1]. Many unicellular flagellated and ciliated organisms have an additional challenge as they must maintain flagella/cilia at a defined length whilst also growing new flagella/cilia in the same cell. It is not currently understood how this is achieved. A grow-and-lock model was proposed for the maintenance of stable flagella where a molecular lock is applied to prevent flagellum length change after assembly [5]. The molecular mechanisms of how this lock operates are unknown, but could be important in cells where an existing flagellum must be maintained whilst a new flagellum assembles. Here we show that Cep164C contributes to the locking mechanism at the base of the flagellum in Trypanosoma brucei. It is only localised on the transition fibres of basal bodies of fully assembled flagella and missing from assembling flagella. In fact, basal bodies only acquire Cep164C in the third cell cycle after they assemble in trypanosomes. Depletion leads to dysregulation of flagellum growth with both longer and shorter flagella; consistent with defects in a flagellum locking mechanism. By controlling delivery of components into the old assembled flagellum, maintenance of stable flagella can occur but limits further growth. This offers an important explanation for how many eukaryotic unicellular cells maintain their existing flagella whilst growing new ones before these cells divide. This work also reveals additional regulatory roles for Cep164 in eukaryotic organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Atkins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyc, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafiq, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertiaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De castro neto, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/872952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A key regulatory protein for flagellum length control in stable flagella]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.13.540663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hi-Fi fMRI: High-resolution, fast-sampled and sub-second whole-brain functional MRI at 3T in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.13.540663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a methodological cornerstone of neuroscience. Most studies measure blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal using echo-planar imaging (EPI), Cartesian sampling, and image reconstruction with a one-to-one correspondence between the number of acquired volumes and reconstructed images. However, EPI schemes are subject to trade-offs between spatial and temporal resolutions. We make strides in overcoming these limitations by measuring BOLD with a gradient recalled echo (GRE) with a 3D radial-spiral phyllotaxis trajectory at a high sampling rate (28.49ms) on standard 3T field strength. The framework enables the reconstruction of 3D signal time courses with whole-brain coverage at simultaneously higher nominal spatial (1mm3) and temporal (up to 250ms) resolutions, as compared to optimized EPI schemes. Additionally, we apply motion correction directly to the k-space raw data, enabling flexible motion-corrected reconstructions; the desired temporal resolution to observe hemodynamic responses can be chosen after scanning. By showing activation in the calcarine sulcus of 20 participants completing an ON-OFF visual paradigm, we demonstrate the reliability of our method for applications in cognitive neuroscience research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franceschiello, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumac, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilbert, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dziadosz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaglianese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petri, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yerly, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kober, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Heeswijk, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fornari, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.13.540663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hi-Fi fMRI: High-resolution, fast-sampled and sub-second whole-brain functional MRI at 3T in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540800v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual control of host actin polymerization by a Legionella effector pair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540800v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Host actin cytoskeleton is often targeted by pathogenic bacteria through the secretion of effectors. Legionella pneumophila virulence relies on the injection of the largest known arsenal of bacterial proteins, over 300 Dot/Icm Type 4 Secretion System effectors, into the host cytosol. Here we define the functional interactions between VipA and LegK2, two effectors with antagonistic activities towards actin polymerization that have been proposed to interfere with the endosomal pathway. We confirmed the prominent role of LegK2 effector in Legionella infection, as the deletion of legK2 results in defects in the inhibition of actin polymerization at the Legionella Containing Vacuole, as well as in endosomal escape of bacteria and subsequent intracellular replication. More importantly, we observed the restoration of the{Delta} legK2 mutant defects, upon deletion of vipA gene, making LegK2/VipA the first example of effector-effector suppression pair that targets the actin cytoskeleton and whose functional interaction impacts L. pneumophila virulence. We demonstrated that LegK2 and VipA do not modulate each others activity in a  metaeffector relationship. Instead, the antagonistic activities of the LegK2/VipA effector pair would target different substrates, Arp2/3 for LegK2 and G-actin for VipA, to temporally control actin polymerization at the LCV and interfere with phagosome maturation and endosome recycling, thus contributing to the intracellular life cycle of the bacterium. Strikingly, the functional interaction between LegK2 and VipA is consolidated by an evolutionary history that has refined the best effector repertoire for the benefit of L. pneumophila virulence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pillon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baïlo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bougnon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picq, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrea, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attaiech, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daubin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarraud, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doublet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.15.540800</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual control of host actin polymerization by a Legionella effector pair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling and Simulation of Neocortical Micro- and Mesocircuitry. Part II: Physiology and Experimentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.541168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical dynamics underlie many cognitive processes and emerge from complex multi-scale interactions, which are challenging to study in vivo. Large-scale, biophysically detailed models offer a tool which can complement laboratory approaches. We present a model comprising eight somatosensory cortex subregions, 4.2 million morphological and electrically-detailed neurons, and 13.2 billion local and mid-range synapses. In silico tools enabled reproduction and extension of complex laboratory experiments under a single parameterization, providing strong validation. The model reproduced millisecond-precise stimulus-responses, stimulus-encoding under targeted optogenetic activation, and selective propagation of stimulus-evoked activity to downstream areas. The models direct correspondence with biology generated predictions about how multiscale organization shapes activity; for example, how cortical activity is shaped by high-dimensional connectivity motifs in local and mid-range connectivity, and spatial targeting rules by inhibitory subpopulations. The latter was facilitated using a rewired connectome which included specific targeting rules observed for different inhibitory neuron types in electron microscopy. The model also predicted the role of inhibitory interneuron types and different layers in stimulus encoding. Simulation tools and a large subvolume of the model are made available to enable further community-driven improvement, validation and investigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Isbister, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokorny, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolanos-Puchet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egas Santander, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnaudon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awile, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barros-Zulaica, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco Alonso, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boci, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chindemi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courcol, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damart, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delemontex, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ficarelli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gevaert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herttuainen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivaska, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumbhar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapere, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Planas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranjan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rössert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schürmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sood, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Geit, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markram, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramaswamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimann, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.17.541168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling and Simulation of Neocortical Micro- and Mesocircuitry. Part II: Physiology and Experimentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Akt Drives TGF-beta-induced Over-secretion of DKK1 and Impairment of Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelium Polarity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelial polarity is fundamental in maintaining barrier integrity and tissue protection. In cystic fibrosis (CF), apicobasal polarity of the airway epithelium is lost, resulting in increased apical fibronectin deposition and enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infections. Here we show that CFTR mutation in primary human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) and CFTR knockdown in a HAEC line promote the overexpression and over-secretion of TGF-{beta}1 and DKK1 when cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI). These dynamic changes result in hyperactivation of the TGF-{beta} pathway and inhibition of the Wnt pathway through degradation of {beta}-catenin leading to imbalanced proliferation and polarization. The abnormal interplay between TGF-{beta} and Wnt signaling pathways is further enhanced by aberrant Akt signaling. Pharmacological manipulation of TGF-{beta}, Wnt, and Akt pathways restored polarization of the CF epithelium. Our data shed new insights into the signaling pathways that fine-tune apicobasal polarization and also highlight new therapeutic strategies in preventing infections in CF HAECs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Idris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacchetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehrle-Haller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badaoui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.22.541703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Akt Drives TGF-beta-induced Over-secretion of DKK1 and Impairment of Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelium Polarity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChAdOx1 COVID vaccines express RBD open prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spikes on the cell surface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been proven to be an effective means of decreasing COVID-19 mortality, hospitalization rates, and transmission. One of the vaccines deployed worldwide is ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, which uses an adenovirus vector to drive the expression of the original SARS-CoV-2 spike on the surface of transduced cells. Using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, we determined the native structures of the vaccine product expressed on cell surfaces in situ. We show that ChAdOx1-vectored vaccines expressing the Beta SARS-CoV-2 variant produce abundant native prefusion spikes predominantly in one-RBD-up conformation. Furthermore, the ChAdOx1 vectored HexaPro stabilized spike yields higher cell surface expression, enhanced RBD exposure, and reduced shedding of S1 compared to the wild-type. We demonstrate in situ structure determination as a powerful means for studying antigen design options in future vaccine development against emerging novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and broadly against other infectious viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radecke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendonca, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krebs, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duyvesteyn, H. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bissett, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuart, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.22.541685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChAdOx1 COVID vaccines express RBD open prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spikes on the cell surface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.541687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overexpression of an apple broad range agglutinating lectin does not promote in planta resistance to fire blight and bacterial wilt. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.541687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lectins, a large group of proteins present in all kingdoms of life can bind reversibly to glycans. The roles of plant lectins are diverse and include resistance to biotic or abiotic stress, notably bacterial resistance. A gene family encoding amaranthin-like lectins termed MdAGGs in apple (Malus domestica) has been identified to be overexpressed upon treatment with the plant resistance inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) which promotes enhanced resistance to the fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea). In this study, we first screened the ability of purified MdAGG10 to agglutinate bacterial cells in vitro among a range of bacterial species. Several bacterial species, either Gram positive or negative, either plant- or human-pathogens were found to be agglutinated by MdAGG10 in acidic conditions. Apple and Arabidopsis lines constitutively overexpressing MdAGG10 were generated and evaluated for their resistance to, respectively, Ea and Ralstonia solanacearum, both plant pathogens that were found in our screening. Despite MdAGG10 protein accumulated in tissues of both apple and Arabidopsis lines, they remained susceptible to their respective pathogens. Interestingly, in vitro agglutination of Ea by MdAGG10 did not impair bacterial growth, suggesting that other plant molecules are involved in the resistance to fire blight triggered after an ASM treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bodelot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavonet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brisset, M.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dousset, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heintz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthome, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaffuto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foulon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marion, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degrave, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.23.541687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overexpression of an apple broad range agglutinating lectin does not promote in planta resistance to fire blight and bacterial wilt.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.541892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CLICK-chemoproteomics and molecular dynamics simulation reveals pregnenolone targets and their binding conformations in Th2 cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.541892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pregnenolone (P5) is synthesized as the first bioactive steroid in the mitochondria from cholesterol. CD4+ and CD8+ immune cells synthesize P5 de novo, P5 in turn play important role in immune homeostasis and regulation. However, P5s biochemical mode of action in immune cells is still emerging. We envisage that revealing the complete spectrum of P5-target proteins in immune cells would have multifold applications, not only in basic understanding of steroids biochemistry in immune cells but also in developing new therapeutic applications. We employed a CLICK-enabled probe to capture P5-binding proteins in live Th2 cells. Subsequently, using high-throughput quantitative proteomics we identified the P5-interactome in CD4+ Th2 cells. Our study revealed P5s conserved mode of action in CD4+ and CD8+ immune cells. We identified novel proteins from mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum membranes to be the primary mediators of P5s biochemistry in CD4+ and CD8+ immune cells. Applying advanced computational algorithms, we were able to generate near-native maps of P5-protein key molecular interactions that can lead to successful designing of novel molecular therapeutics strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramanik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennrich, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavin, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teichmann, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.23.541892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CLICK-chemoproteomics and molecular dynamics simulation reveals pregnenolone targets and their binding conformations in Th2 cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.541896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thalamic contributions to psychosis susceptibility: Evidence from co-activation patterns accounting for intra-seed spatial variability (μCAPs) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.541896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The temporal variability of the thalamus in functional networks may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. To address the complexity of the role of the thalamic nuclei in psychosis, we introduced micro-co-activation patterns (CAPs) by employing this method on the human genetic model of schizophrenia 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Participants underwent resting-state functional MRI and a data-driven iterative process resulting in the identification of six whole-brain CAPs with specific activity patterns within the thalamus. Unlike conventional methods, CAPs extract dynamic spatial patterns that reveal partially overlapping and non-mutually exclusive functional subparts. Thus, the CAPs method detects finer foci of activity within the initial seed region, retaining valuable and clinically relevant temporal and spatial information. We found that a CAP showing co-activation of the mediodorsal thalamus with brain-wide cortical regions was significantly less frequent in patients with 22q11.2DS, and its occurrence negatively correlated with the severity of positive psychotic symptoms. Additionally, the activity within the auditory-visual cortex and their respective geniculate nuclei were expressed in two different CAPs. One of these auditory-visual CAPs co-activated with salience areas, while the other co-activated with the default mode network (DMN). A significant shift of occurrence from the salience+visuo-auditory-thalamus to the DMN+visuo-auditory-thalamus CAP was observed in patients with 22q11.2DS. Thus, our findings support existing research on the gatekeeping role of the thalamus for sensory information in the pathophysiology of psychosis and revisit the evidence of geniculate nuclei hyperconnectivity with the audio-visual cortex in 22q11.2DS in the context of dynamic functional connectivity as specific hyper-occurrence of these circuits with the task negative brain networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delavari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saccaro, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolton, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.23.541896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thalamic contributions to psychosis susceptibility: Evidence from co-activation patterns accounting for intra-seed spatial variability (μCAPs)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.25.542273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Birth of immunity in early life: stepwise emergence of resistance and immunity to complex molecular parasites via progressively degenerating hyperparasites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.25.542273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Catalysis and specifically autocatalysis are the quintessential building blocks of life. However, autocatalytic networks are necessary but not sufficient for life-like properties such as self-propagation and adaptation to emerge. We previously showed using Lotka-Volterra equations that a tripartite, early life cycle comprising a host-template, molecular parasites and hyperparasites (parasites of parasites) conferred superior stability to the habitat. Here we build on this model, and on the seminal notion that chemical networks and ecologically interacting biological species are akin, implying an instructive equational analogy between catalysis and ecology, both accurately modelled by equations from the Lotka-Volterra family. Template-based autocatalytic RNA networks seed the spontaneous emergence of immunity against molecular parasites, with degenerating molecular parasite catalysts being the founding seed of the homeostatic process. First, upon molecular parasite encounter, specific ribocatalysts providing parasite resistance appear in primordial autocatalytic cycles, supplanted by promiscuous, efficiently self-replicating, but parasite sensitive ribozymes. This is supported by catalyst tradeoff analysis: substrate promiscuity confers high catalytic activity, but entails parasite exposure, higher substrate specificity implies relatively lower activity, yet it offers parasite resistance. Second, sustained parasite influx generates hyperparasite cycles, memorizing parasite-specific catalyst-subunits that now once more provide parasite resistance, in a homeostatically stabilized habitat. Third, under continuous exposure to progressively elaborate parasite populations, hyperparasite catalysts degenerate and embody antiparasite immunity. The observed triggering of microbial immunity by hyperparasitic microbial genomes are in agreement with this model. As such, it offers an attractive and unifying theory for the spontaneous birth of immunity in early life.

Author SummaryThe quintessential components of life comprise a potent acceleration of naturally occurring, but improbable chemical reactions (catalysis), and the arrangement of accelerated chemical reactions in closed loops (autocatalytic sets). This is required, but is not sufficient for such networks to self-propagate and adapt. We previously developed an early life model for a stabilized habitat of networks, using a family of equations shown to accurately model both chemical reactions and the interactions of biological species. This model became stabilized only if the molecular host species was parasitized, an event considered unavoidable, and at the same time, the parasite itself was also parasitized. We now built on that model, using the same family of equations, by letting individual autocatalytic sets interact. The new results show that primitive autocatalytic networks emerge spontaneously, but inefficiently and resist parasites. With time, they become more efficient, which renders them parasite-sensitive. Upon continuous external parasite invasion, the primitive, parasite-resistant catalysts (hyperparasites) that still persist are recruited, conferring stability to the habitat. If the habitat is further overwhelmed with parasites, it selects the elegant solution of letting the parasite-resistant catalysts degenerate, which now produces immunity to those parasites ("antibodies"). This represents the birth of adaptive immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conrad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iseli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirovino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.25.542273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Birth of immunity in early life: stepwise emergence of resistance and immunity to complex molecular parasites via progressively degenerating hyperparasites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a genetically-encoded sensor for probing endogenous nociceptin opioid peptide release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542102v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nociceptin/orphanin-FQ (N/OFQ) is a recently appreciated critical opioid peptide with key regulatory functions in several central behavioral processes including motivation, stress, feeding, and sleep. The functional relevance of N/OFQ action in the mammalian brain remains unclear due to a lack of high-resolution approaches to detect this neuropeptide with appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. Here we develop and characterize NOPLight, a genetically encoded sensor that sensitively reports changes in endogenous N/OFQ release. We characterized the affinity, pharmacological profile, spectral properties, kinetics, ligand selectivity, and potential interaction with intracellular signal transducers of NOPLight in vitro. Its functionality was established in acute brain slices by exogeneous N/OFQ application and chemogenetic induction of endogenous N/OFQ release from PNOC neurons. In vivo studies with fibre photometry enabled direct recording of NOPLight binding to exogenous N/OFQ receptor ligands, as well as detection of endogenous N/OFQ release within the paranigral ventral tegmental area (pnVTA) during natural behaviors and chemogenetic activation of PNOC neurons. In summary, we show here that NOPLight can be used to detect N/OFQ opioid peptide signal dynamics in tissue and freely behaving animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stine, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prada, P. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fusca, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assoumou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dernic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhat, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achanta, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jadhav, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bader, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steuernagel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravotto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benke, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloppenburg, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruening, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patriarchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a genetically-encoded sensor for probing endogenous nociceptin opioid peptide release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic and transcriptional landscape of heat-stress memory in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have previously reported that different stresses can lead to substantial DNA methylation changes in strawberry. Here, we wanted to assess the heritability of heat-stress induced DNA methylation and transcriptional changes following asexual and sexual reproduction in a plant. Woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is an ideal model to study epigenetic inheritance in plants because it presents two modes of reproduction: sexual and asexual. Here we wanted to assess if heat-stress induced DNA methylation changes can be transmitted via asexual reproduction and whether past stresses can also affect sexually propagated progenies. Our genome-wide study provides evidence for a memory acquisition and maintenance in F. vesca. We found that certain DNA methylation changes can stably be transmitted over at least three asexual generations. Finally, the first sexual generation by selfing from stressed maternal and their respective non-stressed asexual daughter plants showed both shared and unique stress responses. This suggests that an acquired molecular memory from the previous heat-stress event was transmitted. This molecular memory might be involved in functional plasticity and stress adaption, an important aspects that will have to be investigated in future studies. Finally, these findings may contribute to novel approaches that may contribute to the breeding of climate-ready plants.

IN A NUTSHELLO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSWith ongoing climate change, natural plant populations and crops are facing stress situations more frequently and at higher intensity. These unfavorable growing conditions force plants to develop strategies to adapt to persist. One of these strategies involves epigenetic mechanisms which can affect the activity of genes without altering the actual DNA sequence. These molecular modifications can be retained by plants as a molecular "memory" which might be used later to better respond to a stressful event.

QuestionIs there multi-generational persistence of heat-stress induced epigenetic patterns in strawberry and are heritable epigenetic changes associated with stress adaptation?

FindingsWe found that the strawberry methylome and transcriptome respond with a high level of flexibility to heat-stress. In addition, we took advantage of the two reproductive modes of strawberry (asexual and sexual) to evaluate the acquisition and maintenance of molecular stress memory. We showed how specific DNA methylation and gene expression changes can persist for a long time in progeny plants. We found that the asexual, and seemingly also sexual progenies can retain information in the genome of a past stressful condition that was encountered by its progenitor.

Next stepsOur work presents valuable epigenetic and transcriptional screening data to understand plant memory maintenance and transmission over generations. The most important next step will be to assess if heritable stress-induced epigenetic changes can contribute to stress adaptation through a plant competition experiment in natural environments.

One sentence summaryStrawberry can transmit molecular stress-memory at the DNA methylation and transcriptional level over multiple generations which may play an important role in stress adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denoyes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucher, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic and transcriptional landscape of heat-stress memory in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.542791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The actin cytoskeleton plays multiple roles in structural color formation in butterfly wing scales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.542791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vivid structural colors in butterflies are caused by photonic nanostructures scattering light. Structural colors evolved for numerous biological signaling functions and have technological applications. Optically, such structures are well understood, however their development in vivo remains obscure. We show that actin is intimately involved in structural color formation in the butterfly Heliconius sara. Using comparisons between iridescent (structurally colored) and non-iridescent scales in adult and developing H. sara, we show that iridescent scales have more densely packed actin bundles leading to an increased density of reflective ridges. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that actin is repeatedly re-arranged in later development, when optical nanostructures are forming. Furthermore, actin perturbation experiments at these later developmental stages resulted in near total loss of structural color. Overall, this shows that actin plays vital templating roles during structural color formation in butterfly scales, with mechanisms potentially universal across lepidoptera.

TeaserThe actin cytoskeleton is essential for templating the optical nanostructures responsible for structural color production in butterfly scales.

Actin templates the reflective ridges on butterfly scales and is directly involved in forming the color-producing nanostructures within these
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burg, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harizanova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enciso-Romero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flenner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greving, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadeau, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parnell, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.01.542791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The actin cytoskeleton plays multiple roles in structural color formation in butterfly wing scales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An abundant future for quagga mussels in deep European lakes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quagga mussels have expanded their range across the northern hemisphere in recent decades owing to their dispersal abilities, prolific reproduction rates, and broad ecological tolerances. Their remarkable capacity to filter particulates from the water column has had profound effects on inland aquatic ecosystems. In the North American Great Lakes, quagga mussel populations have increased inexorably since the late 1980s, but it remains unclear whether quagga mussels will follow a similar trajectory in Europe where they have appeared more recently. Here we apply knowledge from a 33-year quagga population monitoring effort in the North American lakes to predict future quagga populations in deep European lakes, where quaggas are quickly becoming a conspicuous part of the underwater landscape. We predict that quagga mussel biomass in Lakes Biel, Constance, and Geneva may increase by a factor of 9 - 20 by 2045. Like in North America, this increase may be characterized by a shift to larger individuals and deeper depths as the population matures. If realized, this rapid expansion of quagga mussels would likely drive the largest aquatic ecosystem change in deep European lakes since the eutrophication period of the mid-20th century.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kraemer, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burlakova, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haltiner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibelings, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karatayev, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karatayev, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossbacher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeckli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straile, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.31.543086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An abundant future for quagga mussels in deep European lakes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.14.544891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Influence of colour vision on attention to, and impression of, complex aesthetic images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.14.544891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans exhibit colour vision variations due to genetic polymorphisms, with trichromacy being the most common, while some people are classified as dichromats. Whether genetic differences in colour vision affect the way of viewing complex images remains unknown. Here, we investigated how people with different colour vision focused their gaze on aesthetic paintings by eye-tracking while freely viewing digital rendering of paintings and assessed individual impressions through a decomposition analysis of adjective ratings for the images. Gaze concentrated areas among trichromats were more highly correlated than those among dichromats. However, compared to the brief dichromatic experience with the simulated images, there was little effect of innate colour vision differences. These results indicate that chromatic information is instructive as a cue for guiding attention, whereas the impression of each person is unaffected by colour-vision genetics and would be normalised to their own sensory experience through ones own colour space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hiramatsu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takashima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakaguchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tajima, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seno, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawamura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.14.544891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Influence of colour vision on attention to, and impression of, complex aesthetic images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Auditory cortex anatomy reflects multilingual phonological experience 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study explores the relationship between the anatomy of the auditory cortex and multilingual experience, shedding light on the complex mechanisms of auditory processing in humans. Integrating previous research on auditory information processing and the impact of bi- and multilingualism on brain structure, we investigate how the morphology of auditory brain regions reflects individuals language experience and, more specifically, their phonological repertoire. Leveraging two distinct samples comprising over 200 participants, each exposed to between 1 and 7 languages encompassing 36 different languages, we explore whether the morphological variability of auditory brain regions reflects individual language experience, specifically focusing on the phonological repertoire. Additionally, we examine the potential influence of typological distances between languages spoken by multilingual individuals on the neural signatures of multilingualism within the auditory cortex. Our findings revealed a relationship between the average thickness of the left and right second transverse temporal gyrus (TTG) and participants language experience. Model comparisons demonstrated that the inclusion of phoneme-level information in the language experience index accounted for the greatest variance in average TTG thickness (bilaterally). The direction of this effect was negative, indicating that a more extensive and more phonologically diverse language experience was associated with thinner cortices in the second TTG. Across two independent datasets, we provide robust evidence linking the degree of language experience and typological distance between languages to cortical thickness in early auditory brain regions. We propose that this phenomenon may reflect experience-driven pruning and neural efficiency, warranting further investigation through longitudinal studies of language acquisition. Moreover, our findings support the notion that experiences with typologically similar languages differ from those with typologically distant languages, offering valuable insights into the intricate relationship between language diversity and brain structure. Our findings also indicate that early auditory regions seem to represent phoneme-level cross-linguistic information, contrary to the most established models of language processing in the brain, which suggest that phonological processing happens in more lateral posterior STG and STS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kepinska, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalboni da Rocha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuerk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hervais-Adelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouhali, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golestani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.16.545298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Auditory cortex anatomy reflects multilingual phonological experience]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The T766M-EGFR lung cancer mutation promotes tumor growth by exploiting newfound assembly mechanisms in ligand-free EGFR oligomers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is central to cell growth in physiology and pathophysiologies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR has been successfully targeted with tyrosine kinase inhibitor generations, but the missense secondary T766M mutation is a common cause of resistance. Overcoming this therapeutic challenge has been hindered by poor understanding of how T766M dysregulates EGFR function leading to tumor progression. Here we show that T766M amplifies tumor growth in vivo by exploiting newly discovered oligomer assembly mechanisms employed by wild type (WT)-EGFR to maintain ligand-independent basal phosphorylation. These mechanisms, also shared by drug-resistant exon 20 EGFR insertions, reveal tumor growth promoting functions for hitherto orphan transmembrane and kinase interfaces and for the ectodomain tethered conformation of EGFR. Placing our findings into the context of a ligand-free oligomer structure model, we provide a framework for future drug discovery directed at tackling EGFR mutations in cancer by disabling oligomer-assembling interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin-Fernandez, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Needham, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galgadas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Man, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanetti-Domingues, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fruhwirth, G. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolfe, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.16.545259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The T766M-EGFR lung cancer mutation promotes tumor growth by exploiting newfound assembly mechanisms in ligand-free EGFR oligomers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ALOG domain defines a new family of plant-specific transcription factors acting during Arabidopsis flower development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ALOGs (Arabidopsis LIGHT-DEPENDENT SHORT HYPOCOTYLS 1 and Oryza G1) are Transcription Factors (TFs) from an evolutionarily conserved plant-specific family shown to play critical roles in meristem identity, inflorescence architecture and organ boundaries in diverse species from mosses to higher flowering plants. However, the DNA binding-specificity and molecular determinants of protein-DNA interactions of this family were uncharacterized. Using in vitro genome-wide studies, we identified the conserved DNA motif bound by ALOG proteins from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and the flowering plants Arabidopsis, tomato and rice. In order to determine the amino acids responsible for DNA-binding specificity, we solved the 2.1[A] structure of the ALOG DNA binding domain in complex with its cognate DNA. The ALOG DBD is an all-alpha helical domain with a structural zinc ribbon insertion and an N-terminal disordered NLS. The NLS sequence forms an integral part of the DNA binding domain and contributes to direct base read-out. To define the function of a group of redundant ALOG proteins in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we generated a series of alog mutants and uncovered their participation in a gene regulatory network involving the other floral regulators LEAFY, BLADE-ON-PETIOLE and PUCHI, all active in defining boundary regions between reproductive meristems and repressing bracts development. Taken together, this work provides the biochemical and structural basis for DNA-binding specificity of an evolutionarily conserved TF family and reveals its role as a key player in defining organ boundaries in Arabidopsis.

Significance StatementTranscription Factors (TFs) are key proteins that bind specific regions in the genome and regulate the expression of associated genes. Not all organisms possess the same set of TFs and some, like the ALOGs, are specific to the plant kingdom. These TFs have been shown to play important roles from mosses to flowering plants. However, it was not known what DNA motif they recognize and how they bind DNA. Here we identify this motif, we show it is widely conserved in evolution and we understand how this new type of DNA binding domain works at the structural level. In addition, we also show that several ALOG genes from Arabidopsis share a redundant function within the genetic network underlying correct floral meristem development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rieu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beretta, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caselli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thevenon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franchini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanao, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kater, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zubieta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parcy, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.21.545689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ALOG domain defines a new family of plant-specific transcription factors acting during Arabidopsis flower development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PINK1 Deficiency Alters Muscle Stem Cell Fate Decision And Muscle Regenerative Capacity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maintenance of optimal mitochondrial function plays a crucial role in the regulation of muscle stem cell (MuSC) behavior, but the underlying maintenance mechanisms remain ill defined. In this study, we explored the importance of mitophagy, as a mitochondrial quality control regulator, in MuSCs and the role this process plays in maintaining optimal muscle regenerative capacity. Here we show that MuSCs exhibit dynamic alterations in mitophagy under different physiological myogenic states. In particular, quiescent MuSCs exhibit high levels of PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, which is rapidly decreased upon transition to an early activation state. Genetic disruption of this pathway using Pink1 knockout mice reduced mitophagy in quiescent MuSCs, which was accompanied by increased mitochondrial ROS release and mitochondrial network fragmentation. These abnormalities led to hampered self-renewal of MuSCs which ultimately translated in a progressive loss of muscle regeneration following repetitive injury. However, proliferation and differentiation capacity were unaltered in the absence of PINK1, indicating that altered fate decisions is the main mechanism underlying impaired muscle regeneration. Impaired fate decisions in PINK1 deficient MuSCs could be restored by scavenging excess mitochondrial ROS. Together, these data shed new light on the regulation of mitophagy during MuSC state transitions and position the PINK1-dependent pathway as an important regulator of MuSC mitochondrial properties and fate decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cairns, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thumiah-Mootoo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Racine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lariovov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khacho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burelle, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.23.546123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PINK1 Deficiency Alters Muscle Stem Cell Fate Decision And Muscle Regenerative Capacity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.546603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell Type- and Tissue-specific Enhancers in Craniofacial Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.546603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic basis of craniofacial birth defects and general variation in human facial shape remains poorly understood. Distant-acting transcriptional enhancers are a major category of non-coding genome function and have been shown to control the fine-tuned spatiotemporal expression of genes during critical stages of craniofacial development1-3. However, a lack of accurate maps of the genomic location and cell type-specific in vivo activities of all craniofacial enhancers prevents their systematic exploration in human genetics studies. Here, we combined histone modification and chromatin accessibility profiling from different stages of human craniofacial development with single-cell analyses of the developing mouse face to create a comprehensive catalogue of the regulatory landscape of facial development at tissue- and single cell-resolution. In total, we identified approximately 14,000 enhancers across seven developmental stages from weeks 4 through 8 of human embryonic face development. We used transgenic mouse reporter assays to determine the in vivo activity patterns of human face enhancers predicted from these data. Across 16 in vivo validated human enhancers, we observed a rich diversity of craniofacial subregions in which these enhancers are active in vivo. To annotate the cell type specificities of human-mouse conserved enhancers, we performed single-cell RNA-seq and single-nucleus ATAC-seq of mouse craniofacial tissues from embryonic days e11.5 to e15.5. By integrating these data across species, we find that the majority (56%) of human craniofacial enhancers are functionally conserved in mice, providing cell type- and embryonic stage-resolved predictions of their in vivo activity profiles. Using retrospective analysis of known craniofacial enhancers in combination with single cell-resolved transgenic reporter assays, we demonstrate the utility of these data for predicting the in vivo cell type specificity of enhancers. Taken together, our data provide an expansive resource for genetic and developmental studies of human craniofacial development.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=138 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/546603v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajderkar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paraiso, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosicki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spurrell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osterwalder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afzal, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barozzi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuda-Yuzawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiyama, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afzal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plajzer-Frick, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Maydell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisgo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.26.546603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell Type- and Tissue-specific Enhancers in Craniofacial Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular vesicle-mediated trafficking of developmental cues is altered during human brain disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular crosstalk is an essential process influenced by numerous factors including secreted vesicles that transfer nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins between cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the center of many studies focusing on neuron-to-neuron communication, but the role of EVs in progenitor-to-neuron and -astrocyte communication and whether EVs display cell-type-specific features for cellular crosstalk during neurogenesis is unknown. Here, using human-derived cerebral organoids, neural progenitors, neurons, and astrocytes, we found that many proteins coded by genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are transported via EVs. Thus, we characterized the protein content of EVs and showed their cell type-specific dynamics and function during brain development. Changes in the physiological crosstalk between cells can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. EVs from patients with epilepsy were found altered in composition and function. Alterations in the intracellular and extracellular compartments highlighted a clear dysregulation of protein trafficking. This study sheds new light on the biology of EVs during brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=185 SRC="FIGDIR/small/546646v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1dad15aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e699ccorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17b371borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5efa7b_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Graphical abstract(left) EV uptake mechanism varies depending on the receiving cell type; NPCs transport neuron EVs (nEVs) and astrocyte EVs (aEVs) to the nucleus, astrocytes localize progenitor EVs (pEVs) to the cytoplasm, and neurons retain pEVs and aEVs along the plasma membrane. (right) Cerebral organoids (COs) from progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy Type I (EPM1) patients release EVs lacking key proteins in neurodevelopment and proteins necessary for EV biogenesis and release. Illustration created using BioRender.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pipicelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Matteo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graetz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Pisfil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bekjarova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfaffl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canafoglia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puetz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kielkowski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cernilogar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maccarrone, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Giaimo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cappello, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.27.546646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular vesicle-mediated trafficking of developmental cues is altered during human brain disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.546438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental molecular controls over arealization of descending cortical motor pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.546438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Layer 5 extratelencephalic (ET) neurons are a main class of neocortical projection neurons that predominate in the motor cortex and send their axon to the pons and spinal cord, and collaterals to the thalamus and multiple deep subcerebral structures1-3. Precise connectivity of ET neurons is critical for fine motor control; they are central to loss of function upon spinal cord injury and specifically degenerate in select neurodegenerative disorders4, 5. ET neurons consist of several types of cells with distinct laminar and areal locations, molecular identities, connectivities, and functions6, 7. Within layer 5 of the cortex, two cardinal subtypes of ET neurons have been identified: "ETlower" neurons, which express Slco2a1 and project to distal targets including the spinal cord, "ETupper" neurons, which express Nprs1 or Hpgd and project more proximally to the pons and thalamus6. Despite their critical function, how these neuronal subtypes emerge during development and acquire their area-specific distributions remains unaddressed. Here, using combinations of anatomical labeling, MAPseq mapping8, and single-nucleus transcriptomics across developing cortical areas, we reveal that these two subtypes of ET neurons are present at birth along opposite antero-posterior cortical gradients. We first characterize area-specific developmental axonal dynamics of ETlower and ETupper neurons and find that the latter can emerge by pruning of subsets of ETlower neurons. We next identify area- and ET neuron type-specific developmental transcriptional programs to identify key target genes in vivo. Finally, we reprogram ET neuron area-specific connectivity from motor to visual by postnatal in vivo combinatorial knockout of three key type-specific transcription factors. Together, these findings delineate the functional transcriptional programs controlling ET neuron diversity across cortical areas and provide a molecular blueprint to investigate and direct the developmental emergence of corticospinal motor control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavalley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morassut, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santinha, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.29.546438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental molecular controls over arealization of descending cortical motor pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Speech prosody enhances the neural processing of syntax 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human language relies on the correct processing of syntactic information, as it is essential for successful communication between speakers. As an abstract level of language, syntax has often been studied separately from the physical form of the speech signal, thus often masking the interactions that can promote better syntactic processing in the human brain. We analyzed a MEG dataset to investigate how acoustic cues, specifically prosody, interact with syntactic representations. We examined whether prosody enhances the cortical encoding of syntactic representations. We decoded syntactic phrase boundaries directly from brain activity, and evaluated possible modulations of the decoding by the presence of prosodic boundaries. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of a prosodic boundary improves the representation of phrase boundaries, indicating the facilitative role of prosodic cues in processing abstract linguistic features. This study gives neurobiological evidence for the boosting of syntactic processing via interactions with prosody.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Degano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donhauser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gwilliams, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merlo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golestani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.547482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Speech prosody enhances the neural processing of syntax]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Brain-Wide Map of Neural Activity during Complex Behaviour 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A key challenge in neuroscience is understanding how neurons in hundreds of interconnected brain regions integrate sensory inputs with prior expectations to initiate movements and thereby make decisions. It is difficult to meet this challenge if different laboratories apply different analyses to different recordings in different regions during different behaviours. Here, we report a comprehensive set of recordings from 621733 neurons across 139 mice in 12 labs performing a decision-making task with sensory, motor, and cognitive components, obtained with 699 Neuropixels probe insertions covering 279 brain areas in the left forebrain and midbrain and the right hindbrain and cerebellum. We provide an initial appraisal of this brain-wide map, assessing how neural activity encoded key task variables. Representations of visual stimuli appeared transiently in classical visual areas after stimulus onset and then spread to ramp-like activity in a collection of mid- and hindbrain regions that also encoded choices. Neural responses correlated with motor action almost everywhere in the brain. Responses to reward delivery and consumption versus negative feedback were also widespread. This publicly available dataset represents an unprecedented resource for understanding how computations distributed across and within brain areas drive behaviour.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>International Brain Lab,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carandini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catarino, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapuis, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeWitt, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabbri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faulkner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiete, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Findling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas-Silva, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gercek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hausser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huntenburg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasniak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langdon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P. Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mainen, Z. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meijer, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miska, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mrsic-Flogel, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nylund, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan-Vazquez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossant, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaeffer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schartner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Socha</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.04.547681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Brain-Wide Map of Neural Activity during Complex Behaviour]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547684v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural representations of prior information about the state of the world are poorly understood. To investigate them, we examined brain-wide Neuropixels recordings and widefield calcium imaging collected by the International Brain Laboratory. Mice were trained to indicate the location of a visual grating stimulus, which appeared on the left or right with prior probability alternating between 0.2 and 0.8 in blocks of variable length. We found that mice estimate this prior probability and thereby improve their decision accuracy. Furthermore, we report that this subjective prior is encoded in at least 20% to 30% of brain regions which, remarkably, span all levels of processing, from early sensory areas (LGd, VISp) to motor regions (MOs, MOp, GRN) and high level cortical regions (ACAd, ORBvl). This widespread representation of the prior is consistent with a neural model of Bayesian inference involving loops between areas, as opposed to a model in which the prior is incorporated only in decision-making areas. This study offers the first brain-wide perspective on prior encoding at cellular resolution, underscoring the importance of using large scale recordings on a single standardized task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Findling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>International Brain Laboratory,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acerbi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carandini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catarino, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapuis, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeWitt, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabbri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faulkner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiete, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas-Silva, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gercek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hausser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huntenburg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasniak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langdon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latham, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P. Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meijer, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miska, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mrsic-Flogel, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nylund, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan-Vazquez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossant, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaeffer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schartn</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.04.547684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of circadian behavioral plasticity through cis-regulatory divergence of a neuropeptide gene 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Widely-distributed species experience substantial environmental variation, which they often accommodate through behavioral plasticity. Although this ability is integral to fitness, we have little understanding of the mechanistic basis by which plasticity evolves. One factor that varies seasonally and by latitude is photoperiod (day length). Many organisms, including the cosmopolitan Drosophila melanogaster display circadian plasticity, adjusting to fluctuating photoperiod by varying the timing of their activity to coincide with changing dawn/dusk intervals1. Here, we compare D. melanogaster with the closely-related ecological specialist Drosophila sechellia, an equatorial island endemic that experiences minimal photoperiod variation, to investigate the molecular-genetic basis of circadian plasticity evolution2,3. We discover that D. sechellia displays exceptionally little circadian plasticity compared to D. melanogaster and other non-equatorial drosophilids. Through a screen of circadian mutants in D. melanogaster/D. sechellia hybrids, we identify a role of the neuropeptide Pigment-dispersing factor (Pdf) in this loss. While the coding sequence of Pdf is conserved, we show that Pdf has undergone cis-regulatory divergence in these drosophilids. We document species-specific temporal dynamic properties of Pdf RNA and protein expression, as well as Pdf neuron morphological plasticity, and demonstrate that modulating Pdf expression in D. melanogaster can influence the degree of behavioral plasticity. Furthermore, we find that the Pdf regulatory region exhibits signals of selection across populations of D. melanogaster from different latitudes. Finally, we provide evidence that plasticity confers a selective advantage for D. melanogaster at higher latitudes, while D. sechellia likely suffers fitness costs through reduced copulation success outside its range. Our work defines Pdf as a locus of evolution for circadian plasticity, which might have contributed to both D. melanogasters global distribution and D. sechellias habitat specialization. Moreover, together with spatial changes in Pdf expression reported in high-latitude drosophilid species4,5, our findings highlight this neuropeptide gene as a hotspot for circadian plasticity evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shahandeh, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abuin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lescuyer De Decker, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cergneux, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagoshi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.05.547553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of circadian behavioral plasticity through cis-regulatory divergence of a neuropeptide gene]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.548536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patterns of recombination in snakes reveal a tug of war between PRDM9 and promoter-like features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.548536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vertebrates, there are two known mechanisms by which meiotic recombination is directed to the genome: in humans, mice, and other mammals, recombination occurs almost exclusively where the protein PRDM9 binds, while in species lacking an intact PRDM9, such as birds and canids, recombination rates are elevated near promoter-like features. To test if PRDM9 also directs recombination in non-mammalian vertebrates, we focused on an exemplar species, the corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus). Unlike birds, this species possesses a single, intact PRDM9 ortholog. By inferring historical recombination rates along the genome from patterns of linkage disequilibrium and identifying crossovers in pedigrees, we found that PRDM9 specifies the location of recombination events outside of mammals. However, we also detected an independent effect of promoter-like features on recombination, which is more pronounced on macrothan microchromosomes. Thus, our findings reveal that the uses of PRDM9 and promoter-like features are not mutually-exclusive, and instead reflect a tug of war, which varies in strength along the genome and is more lopsided in some species than others.

One sentence summaryWhile the localization of meiotic recombination in vertebrates was previously thought to occur using one of two distinct mechanisms, our analysis of recombination in corn snakes reveals that they and likely other vertebrates use both of these mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoge, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Manuel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahgoub, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okami, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mcnulty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andolfatto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macfarlan, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzika, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Przeworski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.11.548536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patterns of recombination in snakes reveal a tug of war between PRDM9 and promoter-like features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.547391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epitope Engineered Human Haematopoietic Stem Cells are Shielded from CD123-targeted Immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.547391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted eradication of transformed or otherwise dysregulated cells using monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), T cell engagers (TCE) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cells is very effective for haematologic diseases. Unlike the breakthrough progress achieved for B cell malignancies, there is a pressing need to find suitable antigens for immunotherapy of myeloid malignancies. CD123, the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor alpha-chain, is highly expressed in various haematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). However, shared expression of CD123 on healthy haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) bears the risk for extensive myelotoxicity upon targeted depletion. Here, we demonstrate that rationally designed, epitope-engineered HSPCs were completely shielded from CD123-targeted immunotherapy but remained fully functional while CD123-deficient HSPCs displayed a competitive disadvantage. Thus, molecularly shielded HSPCs could allow tumor-selective targeted immunotherapy and in parallel enable rebuilding a fully functional haematopoietic system. We envision that this approach is broadly applicable to many targets and cells, could render hitherto undruggable targets accessible to immunotherapy and will allow continued posttransplant immunotherapy, for instance to treat minimal residual disease (MRD) or be used as a salvage therapy. Since the function of the engineered targets is preserved, multiplexed molecular shielding could also enable targeted combination immunotherapies to address tumor heterogeneity. More generally, epitope shielding will be applicable for replacement of other cell types including the many immune cells which are currently being considered for engineered cellular therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landmann, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepore, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seyres, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgold, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engdahl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capoferri, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DellAglio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larrue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simonetta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rositzka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhiel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrieux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiederkehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinopoli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do Sacramento, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haydn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Prat, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Divsalar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordoli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwede, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porteus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamburini Bonnefoy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corn, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cathomen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornu, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urlinger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeker, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.11.547391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epitope Engineered Human Haematopoietic Stem Cells are Shielded from CD123-targeted Immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longstanding auditory sensory and semantic differences in preterm born children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
More than 10% of births are preterm, and the long-term consequences on sensory and semantic processing of non-linguistic information remain poorly understood. 17 very preterm-born children (born at <33 weeks gestational age) and 15 full-term controls were tested at 10 years old with an auditory object recognition task, while 64-channel auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded. Sounds consisted of living (animal and human vocalizations) and manmade objects (e.g. household objects, instruments, and tools). Despite similar recognition behavior, AEPs strikingly differed between full-term and preterm children. Starting at 50ms post-stimulus onset, AEPs from preterm children differed topographically from their full-term counterparts. Over the 108-224ms post-stimulus period, full-term children showed stronger AEPs in response to living objects, whereas preterm born children showed the reverse pattern; i.e. stronger AEPs in response to manmade objects. Differential brain activity between semantic categories could reliably classify children according to their preterm status. Moreover, this opposing pattern of differential responses to semantic categories of sounds was also observed in source estimations within a network of occipital, temporal and frontal regions. This study highlights how early life experience in terms of preterm birth shapes sensory and object processing later on in life.

HighlightsO_LIHow very preterm birth affects nonlinguistic auditory processes in school-age is unknown
C_LIO_LIWe measured auditory evoked potentials to environmental sounds
C_LIO_LISensory processing differences manifested from 50ms post-stimulus onwards
C_LIO_LISemantic processing differences manifested at 108-224ms post-stimulus
C_LIO_LIClassification of preterm status was possible from semantic processing differences
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Retsa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turpin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiser, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansermet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller-Nix, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.12.548657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longstanding auditory sensory and semantic differences in preterm born children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.548872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection associated immune perturbations correlate with antiretroviral immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.548872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains one of the most important opportunistic infections in people with HIV-1 (PWH). While active Tuberculosis (TB) leads to rapid progression of immunodeficiency in PWH, the interaction between MTB and HIV-1 during the asymptomatic phase of both infections remains poorly understood.

In a cohort of individuals with HIV (PWH) with and without suppressed HIV-1 viral load, the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) clustered in individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) compared to carefully matched controls. Subsequent functional annotation analysis disclosed alterations in the IL-6, TNF, and KRAS pathways. Notably, MTB-associated genes demonstrated an inverse correlation with HIV-1 viremia, evident at both on individual gene level and when employed as a gene score.

In sum, our data show that MTB infection in PWH is associated with a shift in the activation state of the immune system, displaying an inverse relationship with HIV-1 viral load. These results could provide an explanation for the observed increased antiretroviral control associated with MTB infection in PWH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tepekule Mueller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joerimann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenkel, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opitz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tschumi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfensberger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kusejko, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeeb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeck, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaelin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furrer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirsch, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calmy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavassini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labhardt, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzner, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenthard, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouyos, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffy, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemeth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the Swiss HIV Cohort Study,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.14.548872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection associated immune perturbations correlate with antiretroviral immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multistage Plasmodium CRL4-WIG1 ubiquitin ligase is critical for the formation of functional microtubule organisation centres in microgametocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by unicellular eukaryotic parasites of the Plasmodium genus. Protein ubiquitination by E3 ligases is a critical post-translational modification required for various cellular processes during the lifecycle of Plasmodium parasites. However, little is known about the repertoire and function of these enzymes in Plasmodium. Here we show that Plasmodium expresses a conserved cullin RING E3 ligase (CRL) complex that is functionally related to the eukaryotic CRL4. In P. falciparum asexual blood stages, a cullin-4 scaffold interacts with the RING protein RBX1, the adaptor protein DDB1 and a set of putative receptor proteins that may determine substrate specificity for ubiquitination. These receptor proteins contain WD40-repeat domains and include WD-repeat protein Important for Gametogenesis 1 (WIG1). This CRL4-related complex is also expressed in P. berghei gametocytes, with WIG1 being the only putative receptor detected in both schizont and gametocyte stages. While WIG1 is not required for the proliferation of P. berghei asexual blood stages, its disruption leads to a complete block in microgamete formation. Proteomic analyses indicate that WIG1 disruption alters proteostasis of ciliary proteins and components of the DNA replication machinery during gametocytogenesis. Further analysis by ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) indicates that WIG1-dependent depletion of ciliary proteins is associated with impaired formation of the microtubule organisation centres that coordinate mitosis with axoneme formation and altered DNA replication during microgametogenesis. This work identifies a CRL4-related ubiquitin ligase in Plasmodium that is critical for the transmission of malaria parasites by regulating proteostasis of ciliary and DNA replication proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rashpa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artavanis-Tsakonas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multistage Plasmodium CRL4-WIG1 ubiquitin ligase is critical for the formation of functional microtubule organisation centres in microgametocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicrobeMASST, a taxonomically-informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbial-derived metabolites and relative producers, without a priori knowledge, will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms role in ecology and human health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauermeister, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>P. Gomes, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avalon, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichewicz, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo Terrazas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oles, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez Ayala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuijpers, M. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackrel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tugizimana, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nephali, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubery, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madala, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreira, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa-Lotufo, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezende-Teixeira, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rimal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traxler, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pessotti, R. d. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado-Villalobos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo-Castillo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaverri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escud</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane mechanics dictate axonal morphology and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axons are thought to be ultrathin membrane cables of a relatively uniform diameter, designed to conduct electrical signals, or action potentials. Here, we demonstrate that unmyelinated axons are not simple cylindrical tubes. Rather, axons have nanoscopic boutons repeatedly along their length interspersed with a thin cable with a diameter of [~]60 nm like pearls-on-a-string. These boutons are only [~]200 nm in diameter and do not have synaptic contacts or a cluster of synaptic vesicles, hence non-synaptic. Our in silico modeling suggests that axon pearling can be explained by the mechanical properties of the membrane including the bending modulus and tension. Consistent with modeling predictions, treatments that disrupt these parameters like hyper- or hypo-tonic solutions, cholesterol removal, and non-muscle myosin II inhibition all alter the degree of axon pearling, suggesting that axon morphology is indeed determined by the membrane mechanics. Intriguingly, neuronal activity modulates the cholesterol level of plasma membrane, leading to shrinkage of axon pearls. Consequently, the conduction velocity of action potentials becomes slower. These data reveal that biophysical forces dictate axon morphology and function and that modulation of membrane mechanics likely underlies plasticity of unmyelinated axons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griswold, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonilla-Quintana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pepper, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raychaudhuri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suga, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagerl, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knott, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane mechanics dictate axonal morphology and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.550042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cdc42 mobility and membrane flows regulate fission yeast cell shape and survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.550042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Local Cdc42 GTPase activation promotes polarized exocytosis, resulting in membrane flows that deplete low-mobility membrane-associated proteins from the growth region. To investigate the self-organizing properties of the Cdc42 secretion-polarization system under membrane flow, we developed a reaction-diffusion particle model. The model includes positive feedback activation of Cdc42, hydrolysis by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and flow-induced displacement by exo/endocytosis. Simulations show how polarization relies on flow-induced depletion of low mobility GAPs. To probe the role of Cdc42 mobility in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we changed its membrane binding properties by replacing its prenylation site with 1, 2 or 3 repeats of the Rit1 C terminal membrane binding domain (ritC), yielding alleles with progressively lower unbinding and diffusion rates. Concordant modelling predictions and experimental observations show that lower Cdc42 mobility results in lower Cdc42 activation level and wider patches. Indeed, while Cdc42-1ritC cells are viable and polarized, Cdc42-2ritC polarize poorly and Cdc42-3ritC is inviable. The model further predicts that GAP depletion increases Cdc42 activity at the expense of loss of polarization. Experiments confirm this prediction, as deletion of Cdc42 GAPs restores viability to Cdc42-3ritC cells. Our combined experimental and modelling studies demonstrate how membrane flows are an integral part of Cdc42-driven pattern formation.

Significance StatementThe delivery of new membrane from internal pools at zones of polarized secretion induces in-plane plasma membrane flows that displace slowly mobile membrane-associated proteins from the zone of secretion. However, zones of polarized secretion are themselves specified by the activity of membrane-associated polarity factors, such as the small GTPase Cdc42. Through combined modelling and experimental approaches, this work demonstrates that the fast mobility of the Cdc42 GTPase is critical to allow the establishment and maintenance of a polarity patch, which is reinforced by flow-mediated displacement of a negative regulator.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rutkowski, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincenzetti, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vavylonis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.21.550042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cdc42 mobility and membrane flows regulate fission yeast cell shape and survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laser microdissection, proteomics and multiplex immunohistochemistry: a bumpy ride into the study of paraffin-embedded fetal and pediatric lung tissues. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.550475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundKnowledge about lung development or lung disease is mainly derived from data extrapolated from mouse models. This comes with obvious drawbacks in developmental diseases, particularly due to species differences. Our objective is to describe the development of complementary analysis methods that will allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of rare congenital diseases.

MethodsParaffin-embedded human pediatric and fetal lung samples were laser microdissected to enrich different lung regions, namely bronchioli or alveoli. These samples were analyzed by data independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomics and lung structures were subsequently compared. To confirm the proteomic data, we employed and optimized Sequential IMmunoPeroxidase Labeling and Erasing (SIMPLE) staining for specific proteins of interest.

ResultsBy quantitative proteomics, we identified typical pulmonary proteins from being differentially expressed in the different regions. While the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), surfactant protein C (SFTPC) were downregulated, tubulin beta 4B (TUBB4B) was upregulated in bronchioli, compared to alveoli. In fetal tissue, CD31 was downregulated in fetal bronchioli, compared to canaliculi. Moreover, we confirmed their presence using SIMPLE staining. Some expected proteins did not show up in the proteomic data, like SOX-9 that was only detected by means of immunohistochemistry in the SIMPLE analysis.

ConclusionOur data underlines the robustness and applicability of this type of experimental approach, especially for rare paraffin-embedded tissue samples. It also strengthens the importance of these methods for future studies, in particular, when considering developmental lung diseases, such as congenital lung anomalies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cardoso dos Santos, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventura Avila, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schvartz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rougemont, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochaton-Piallat, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruchonnet-Metrailler, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.25.550475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laser microdissection, proteomics and multiplex immunohistochemistry: a bumpy ride into the study of paraffin-embedded fetal and pediatric lung tissues.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connexin 41.8 mediates the correct temporal induction of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) derive from a subset of endothelial cells (ECs), known as haemogenic ECs by the process of endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT). Although many factors involved in EHT have been elucidated, we still have a poor understanding of the temporal regulation of this process. Mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to stabilise hypoxia-inducible factors 1/2 (Hif1/2), allowing them to positively regulate EHT. Here, we show a developmental delay in EHT and HSPC induction in a gap junction mutant, connexin (cx)41.8 (orthologous to mammalian CX40), in zebrafish. In mammalian cells, CX40 has been shown to localise to the mitochondria. We demonstrate that Cx41.8 is important for the correct temporal generation of mitochondrial ROS, which stabilise the Hif pathway, allowing for the subsequent specification of the haemogenic endothelium. Taken together, our data indicate that Cx41.8 mediates the correct induction of HSPCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petzold, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BERTRAND, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connexin 41.8 mediates the correct temporal induction of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampal timestamp for goals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our brain must manage multiple goals that differ in their temporal proximity. Some goals require immediate attention, while others have already been accomplished, or will be relevant later in time. Here, we examined how the hippocampus represents the temporal distance to different goals using a novel space-themed paradigm during 7T functional MRI (n=31). The hippocampus has an established role in mental time travel and a system in place to stratify information along its longitudinal axis on the basis of representational granularity. Previous work has documented a functional transformation from fine-grained, detail rich representations in the posterior hippocampus to coarse, gist-like representations in the anterior hippocampus. We tested whether the hippocampus uses this long axis system to dissociate goals based upon their temporal distance from the present. We hypothesized that the hippocampus would distinguish goals relevant for ones current needs from those that are removed in time along the long axis, with temporally removed past and future goals eliciting increasingly anterior activation. We sent participants on a mission to Mars where they had to track goals that differed in when they needed to be accomplished. We observed a long-axis dissociation, where temporally removed past and future goals activated the left anterior hippocampus and current goals activated the left posterior hippocampus. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the timestamp attached to a goal is a key driver in where the goal is represented in the hippocampus. This work extends the scope of the hippocampus long axis system to the goal-mapping domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montagrin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croote, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preti, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampal timestamp for goals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An essential protease, FtsH, influences daptomycin resistance acquisition in Enterococcus faecalis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Daptomycin is a last-line antibiotic commonly used to treat vancomycin resistant Enterococci, but resistance evolves rapidly and further restricts already limited treatment options. While genetic determinants associated with clinical daptomycin resistance (DAPR) have been described, information on factors affecting the speed of DAPR acquisition is limited. The multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF), a phosphatidylglycerol modifying enzyme involved in cationic antimicrobial resistance, is linked to DAPR in pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Since Enterococcus faecalis encodes two paralogs of mprF and clinical DAPR mutations do not map to mprF, we hypothesized that functional redundancy between the paralogs prevents mprF-mediated resistance and masks other evolutionary pathways to DAPR. Here we performed in vitro evolution to DAPR in mprF mutant background. We discovered that the absence of mprF results in slowed DAPR evolution and is associated with inactivating mutations in ftsH resulting in the depletion of the chaperone repressor HrcA. We also report that ftsH is essential in the parental, but not in the {Delta}mprF, strain where FtsH depletion results in growth impairment in the parental strain, a phenotype associated with reduced glycolysis and reduced ability for metabolic reduction. This presents FtsH and HrcA as enticing targets for developing anti-resistance strategies.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=198 SRC="FIGDIR/small/551240v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nair, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, K. K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choo, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pethe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An essential protease, FtsH, influences daptomycin resistance acquisition in Enterococcus faecalis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-regulation of attention in children in a virtual classroom environment: a feasibility study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Attention is a crucial cognitive function that enables us to selectively focus on relevant information from the surrounding world to achieve our goals. When this sustained ability to direct attention is impaired, individuals face significant challenges in everyday life. This is the case for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impulsive and inattentive behavior. While psychostimulant medications are currently the most effective treatment for ADHD, they often come with unwanted side effects, and sustaining the benefits can be difficult for many children. Therefore, it is imperative to explore non-pharmacological treatments that offer longer-lasting outcomes. Here, we proposed a groundbreaking protocol that combines electroencephalography-based neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) with virtual reality (VR) as an innovative approach to treating attention deficits. By integrating a virtual classroom environment, we aimed to enhance the transferability of attentional control skills while simultaneously increasing motivation and interest among children. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of this approach through an initial assessment involving a small group of healthy children, showcasing its potential for future evaluation in children diagnosed with ADHD. Encouragingly, the preliminary findings indicated high engagement rates and positive feedback from the children participating in the study. Additionally, the pre-and post-protocol assessments using EEG and fMRI recordings appeared to converge towards an improvement in attentional function. Although further validation is required to establish the efficacy of the proposed protocol, it represents a significant advancement in the field of neurofeedback therapy for ADHD. The integration of EEG-NFB and VR presents a novel avenue for enhancing attentional control and addressing behavioral challenges in children with ADHD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guedj, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyrand, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Planchamp, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stringer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha-Vinh Leuchter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grouiller, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.02.551583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-regulation of attention in children in a virtual classroom environment: a feasibility study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCD inhibition eradicates AML displaying high de novo fatty acid desaturation and synergizes with chemotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identification of specific and therapeutically actionable vulnerabilities in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is needed to improve patients outcome. These features should be ideally present in many patients independently of mutational background. Here we identify de novo fatty acid (FA) desaturation, specifically stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) inhibition, as a therapeutic vulnerability across multiple AML models in vitro and in vivo. We use the novel clinical grade SCD inhibitor SSI-4 to show that SCD inhibition induces AML cell death via pleiotropic effects, and sensitivity is based on their dependency on FA desaturation regardless of mutational profile. SSI-4 efficacy is enhanced by driving FA biosynthesis in vitro while stroma confers protective effects that extend to in vivo models. SCD inhibition increases DNA damage and its combination with standard DNA damage-inducing chemotherapy prolongs survival in aggressive murine AML models. Our work supports developing FA desaturase inhibitors in AML while stressing the importance of identifying predictive biomarkers of response and biologically validated combination therapies to realize their therapeutic potential.

One Sentence SummarySCD inhibition is toxic to AML cells with high rates of fatty acid desaturation and in combination with chemotherapy prolongs survival in murine AML models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dembitz, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philippe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rio-Machin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casado-Izquierdo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bewicke-Copley, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oudejans, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Kriegsheim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwaller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finch, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pate, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarry, J.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamburini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuringa, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazlehurst, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copland, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuneva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cutillas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgibbon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouault-Pierre, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallipoli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.02.551656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCD inhibition eradicates AML displaying high de novo fatty acid desaturation and synergizes with chemotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The circadian clock is a pacemaker of the axonal regenerative ability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peripheral nervous system injuries lead to long-term neurological disability due to limited axonal regenerative ability. Injury-dependent and -independent physiological mechanisms have provided important molecular insight into neuronal regeneration. However, whether common molecular denominators underpin both injury-dependent and independent biological processes remain unclear. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of recently generated transcriptomic datasets associated with the regenerative ability of sciatic dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Surprisingly, circadian rhythms were identified as a the most significantly enriched biological process associated with regenerative capability. We demonstrate that DRG neurons possess an endogenous circadian clock with a 24h oscillations of circadian genes and that their regenerative ability displays a diurnal oscillation in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury. Consistently, transcriptomic analysis of DRG neurons showed a significant time-of-day dependent enrichment for processes associated with axonal regeneration, development and growth, as well as circadian associated genes, including the core clock genes Bmal1 and Clock. Indeed, DRG-specific ablation of the non-redundant clock gene Bmal1 showed that it is required for regenerative gene expression, neuronal intrinsic circadian regeneration and target reinnervation. Lastly, lithium, a chrono-active compound, enhanced nerve regeneration, in wildtype but not in Bmal1 and Cry1/2-deficient mice. Together, these data demonstrate that daily rhythms and the molecular clock fine-tune the regenerative response of DRG neurons, and that chrono-active drugs, such as lithium, are a novel potential approach to nerve repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Virgiliis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmisano, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadwick, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luengo Gutierrez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giarrizzo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danzi, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picon Munoz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutson, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheiermann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brancaccio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Giovanni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.07.552230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The circadian clock is a pacemaker of the axonal regenerative ability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking combined informatics approaches for virus discovery: Caution is needed when combining in silico identification methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe identification of viruses from environmental metagenomic samples using informatics tools has offered critical insights in microbiome studies. However, it remains difficult for researchers to know for their specific study which tool(s) and settings are best suited to maximize capture of viruses while minimizing false positives. Studies are increasingly combining multiple tool outputs attempting to recover more viruses, but no combined approach has been benchmarked for accuracy. Here, we benchmarked 63 viral identification  rulesets against mock metagenomes composed of publicly available viral, bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and protist sequences. These rulesets are based on combinations of four single-tool rules and two multi-tool tuning rules. We applied these rulesets to various aquatic metagenomes and filtering strategies to evaluate the impact of habitat and viral enrichment on individual and combined tool performance. We provide a packaged pipeline for researchers that want to replicate our process.

ResultsWe found that combining rules increased viral recall, but at the expense of increased false positives. Six of the 63 combinations tested had equivalent accuracies to the highest one (MCC=0.77, padj [&ge;] 0.05). All of the six high accuracy rulesets included VirSorter2, five included our "tuning removal" rule, and no high performing rulesets used more than four of our six rules. DeepVirFinder, VIBRANT, and VirSorter were each found once in these high accuracy rulesets, but never in combination with each other. Our validation suggests that the MCC plateau at 0.77 is caused by inaccurate labeling of the data that viral identification tools rely on for training and validation. In the aquatic metagenomes, our "highest MCC" ruleset identified a higher proportion of viral sequences in the virus-enriched samples (44-46%) than the non-enriched, cellular metagenomes (7-19%).

ConclusionWhile improved algorithms may lead to more accurate viral identification tools, this should be done in tandem with curating accurately labeled viral gene and sequence databases. For most applications, we recommend the use of the ruleset that uses VirSorter2 and our empirically derived tuning removal rule. By providing a rigorous overview of the behavior of in silico viral identification strategies, our findings guide the use of existing viral identification tools and offer a blueprint for feature engineering of new tools that will lead to higher-confidence viral discovery in microbiome studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hegarty, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riddell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastien, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langenfeld, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindback, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saini, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wing, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duhaime, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.07.552334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking combined informatics approaches for virus discovery: Caution is needed when combining in silico identification methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptome landscape of developing fetal gonads defines somatic cell lineage specification in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gonad development is an exciting model to study cell fate commitment. However, the specification and differentiation of somatic cell lineages within the testis and the ovary are incompletely characterized, especially in humans. In fact, a better understanding of sex determination first requires the identification of all the cell types involved and of their dynamic expression programs. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of approximately 128,000 single cells collected from 33 fetal testes and ovaries between 5 and 12 postconceptional weeks. In particular, a focused analysis of somatic cells allowed us to identify a common population of bipotential progenitors derived from the coelomic epithelium of both male and female gonads and capable of committing to either a steroidogenic or a supporting fate. Moreover, we have shown that early supporting cells, prior to further differentiation into Sertoli or granulosa cells, also give rise to the rete testis/ovarii lineage. Finally, we found that the ovary retains the capacity to feed the supporting cell pool for an extended period of time, directly from the surface epithelial cells and, bypassing the bipotential progenitor step. Altogether, our results provide an unprecedented revisiting of the human gonadal sex determination process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lardenois, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suglia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evrard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivaud, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toupin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesne, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coiffec, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavoue, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chedotal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazaud-Guittot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalmel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolland, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.07.552336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptome landscape of developing fetal gonads defines somatic cell lineage specification in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.551651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expansion of a frontostriatal salience network in individuals with depression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.551651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hundreds of neuroimaging studies spanning two decades have revealed differences in brain structure and functional connectivity in depression, but with modest effect sizes, complicating efforts to derive mechanistic pathophysiologic insights or develop biomarkers.1 Furthermore, although depression is a fundamentally episodic condition, few neuroimaging studies have taken a longitudinal approach, which is critical for understanding cause and effect and delineating mechanisms that drive mood state transitions over time. The emerging field of precision functional mapping using densely-sampled longitudinal neuroimaging data has revealed unexpected, functionally meaningful individual differences in brain network topology in healthy individuals,2-5 but these approaches have never been applied to individuals with depression. Here, using precision functional mapping techniques and 11 datasets comprising n=187 repeatedly sampled individuals and >21,000 minutes of fMRI data, we show that the frontostriatal salience network is expanded two-fold in most individuals with depression. This effect was replicable in multiple samples, including large-scale, group-average data (N=1,231 subjects), and caused primarily by network border shifts affecting specific functional systems, with three distinct modes of encroachment occurring in different individuals. Salience network expansion was unexpectedly stable over time, unaffected by changes in mood state, and detectable in children before the subsequent onset of depressive symptoms in adolescence. Longitudinal analyses of individuals scanned up to 62 times over 1.5 years identified connectivity changes in specific frontostriatal circuits that tracked fluctuations in specific symptom domains and predicted future anhedonia symptoms before they emerged. Together, these findings identify a stable trait-like brain network topology that may confer risk for depression and mood-state dependent connectivity changes in frontostriatal circuits that predict the emergence and remission of depressive symptoms over time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lynch, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbau, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manfredi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aloysi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudes, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Victoria, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solomonov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldwaser, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zebley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grosenick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vila-Rodriguez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daskalakis, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumberger, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunning, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liston, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.09.551651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expansion of a frontostriatal salience network in individuals with depression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.16.553566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dendritic cell-mediated responses to secreted Cryptosporidium effectors are required for parasite-specific CD8+ T cell responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.16.553566v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptosporidium causes debilitating diarrheal disease in patients with primary and acquired defects in T cell function. However, it has been a challenge to understand how this infection generates T cell responses and how they mediate parasite control. Here, Cryptosporidium was engineered to express a parasite effector protein (MEDLE-2) that contains the MHC-I restricted SIINFEKL epitope which is recognized by TCR transgenic OT-I CD8+ T cells. These modified parasites induced expansion of endogenous SIINFEKL-specific and OT-I CD8+ T cells that were a source of IFN-{gamma} that could restrict growth of Cryptosporidium. This T cell response was dependent on the translocation of the effector and similar results were observed with another secreted parasite effector (ROP1). Although infection and these translocated effector proteins are restricted to intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), type I dendritic cells (cDC1) were required to generate CD8+ T cell responses to these model antigens. These data sets highlight Cryptosporidium effectors as targets of the immune system and suggest that crosstalk between enterocytes and cDC1s is crucial for CD8+ T cell responses to Cryptosporidium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haskins, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gullicksrud, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallbank, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumaine, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohn, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dea, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pardy, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merolle, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shallberg, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byerly, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenconsejo, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLeod, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christian, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Striepen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.16.553566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dendritic cell-mediated responses to secreted Cryptosporidium effectors are required for parasite-specific CD8+ T cell responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UBAP2L drives scaffold assembly of nuclear pore complexes at the intact nuclear envelope 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Assembly of macromolecular complexes at correct cellular sites is crucial for cell function. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large cylindrical assemblies with eightfold rotational symmetry, built through hierarchical binding of nucleoporins (Nups) forming distinct subcomplexes. Here, we uncover a direct role of ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like (UBAP2L) in the biogenesis of properly organized and functional NPCs at the intact nuclear envelope (NE) in human cells. UBAP2L localizes to the nuclear pores and drives the formation of the Y-complex, an essential scaffold component of the NPC, and its localization to the NE. UBAP2L facilitates the interaction of the Y-complex with POM121 and Nup153, the critical upstream factors in a well-defined sequential order of Nups assembly onto NE during interphase. Timely localization of the cytoplasmic Nup transport factor fragile X-related protein 1 (FXR1) to the NE and its interaction with the Y-complex are likewise dependent on UBAP2L. Thus, this NPC biogenesis mechanism integrates the cytoplasmic and the nuclear NPC assembly signals and ensures efficient nuclear transport, adaptation to nutrient stress and cellular proliferative capacity, highlighting the importance of NPC homeostasis at the intact nuclear envelope.

TeaserLiao et al. show how UBAP2L drives the assembly of the scaffold elements into symmetrical and functional NPCs at the nuclear envelope in human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LIAO, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andronov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerber, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agote-Aran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pangou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ran, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiss, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmucker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHANG, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riveline, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaholz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumara, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.554160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UBAP2L drives scaffold assembly of nuclear pore complexes at the intact nuclear envelope]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.553891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regional Differences in Progenitor Consumption Dynamics Shape Brain Growth during Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.553891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developing mammalian brains are characterized by disproportionate growth of the forebrain compared to other regions. How this localized expansion occurs is, however, largely unknown. To address this, we identified region-specific neurogenic patterns by creating a single-cell-resolution birthdate atlas of the mouse brain (https://www.neurobirth.org). We report that in forebrain regions, neurogenesis is sustained compared to the hindbrain, where neurogenesis is transient and limited to early brain development. Sustained forebrain neurogenesis reflects lengthened cell cycle and reduced consumptive divisions of ventricular zone progenitors, resulting in a preserved germinal cell pool. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify functional molecular programs of ventricular zone progenitors that spatially and temporally regulate progenitor cycling properties, including through loss-of-function of the forebrain-enriched mitochondrial membrane protein Fam210b. These results reveal a parsimonious mechanism to locally regulate neuronal production, in which the time window during which progenitors generate cells is a critical determinant of region-specific brain expansion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baumann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagener, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavalley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuciec, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magrinelli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fievre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.553891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regional Differences in Progenitor Consumption Dynamics Shape Brain Growth during Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554800v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CryoEM architecture of a native stretch-sensitive membrane microdomain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554800v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological membranes are partitioned into functional zones containing specific lipids and proteins, termed membrane microdomains. Their composition and organization remain controversial owing to a paucity of techniques that can visualize lipids in situ without disrupting their native behavior1,2. The yeast eisosome, a membrane compartment scaffolded by the BAR-domain proteins Pil1 and Lsp1, senses and responds to mechanical stress by flattening and releasing sequestered factors3-7. Here, we isolated native eisosomes as helical filaments of Pil1/Lsp1 lattice bound to plasma membrane lipids and solved their structures by helical reconstruction. We observe remarkable organization within the lipid bilayer density from which we could assign headgroups of PI(4,5)P2 and phosphatidylserine bound to Pil1/Lsp1 and a pattern of membrane voids, signatures of sterols, beneath an amphipathic helix. We verified these assignments using in vitro reconstitutions and molecular dynamics simulations. 3D variability analysis of the native eisosomes revealed a dynamic stretching of the Pil1/Lsp1 lattice that affects functionally important lipid sequestration, supporting a mechanism in which membrane stretching liberates lipids otherwise anchored by the Pil1/Lsp1 coat. Our results provide mechanistic insight into how eisosome BAR-domain proteins create a mechanosensitive membrane microdomain and, more globally, resolve long-standing controversies about the architecture and nature of lipid microdomains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kefauver, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alba, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espadas Moreno, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tettamanti, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estrozi, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desfosses, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.25.554800</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CryoEM architecture of a native stretch-sensitive membrane microdomain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cis-regulatory polymorphism at fiz ecdysone oxidase contributes to polygenic adaptation to malnutrition in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We investigate the contribution of a candidate gene, fiz (fezzik), to complex polygenic adaptation to juvenile malnutrition in Drosophila melanogaster. We show that experimental populations adapted during >250 generations of experimental evolution to a nutritionally poor larval diet (Selected populations) evolved several-fold lower fiz expression compared to unselected Control populations. This divergence in fiz expression is mediated by a cis-regulatory polymorphism. This polymorphism, which was originally present in a sample from a natural population in Switzerland, is distinct from a second cis-regulatory SNP previously identified in non-African D. melanogaster populations, implying that two independent cis-regulatory variants promoting high fiz expression segregate in non-African populations. Enzymatic analyses of Fiz protein expressed in E. coli demonstrate that it has ecdysone oxidase activity acting on both ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone. Four of five fiz paralogs annotated to ecdysteroid metabolism also show reduced expression in Selected larvae, suggesting that malnutrition-driven selection favored general downregulation of ecdysone oxidases. Finally, as an independent test of the role of fiz in poor diet adaptation, we show that fiz knockdown by RNAi results in faster larval growth on the poor diet, but at the cost of greatly reduced survival. These results imply that downregulation of fiz in Selected populations was favored because of its role in suppressing growth in response to nutrient shortage. However, fiz downregulation is only adaptive in combination with other changes evolved by Selected populations, such as in nutrient acquisition and metabolism, which ensure that the organism can actually sustain the faster growth promoted by fiz downregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cavigliasso, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savitskiy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koval, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erkosar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savary, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallart-Ayala, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanisevic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katanaev, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawecki, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.555138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cis-regulatory polymorphism at fiz ecdysone oxidase contributes to polygenic adaptation to malnutrition in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring "dark matter" protein folds using deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
De novo protein design aims to explore uncharted sequence-and structure areas to generate novel proteins that have not been sampled by evolution. One of the main challenges in de novo design involves crafting "designable" structural templates that can guide the sequence search towards adopting the target structures. Here, we present an approach to learn patterns of protein structure based on a convolutional variational autoencoder, dubbed Genesis. We coupled Genesis with trRosetta to design sequences for a set of protein folds and found that Genesis is capable of reconstructing native-like distance-and angle distributions for five native folds and three novel, so-called "dark-matter" folds as a demonstration of generalizability. We used a high-throughput assay to characterize protease resistance of the designs, obtaining encouraging success rates for folded proteins and further biochemically characterized folded designs. The Genesis framework enables the exploration of the protein sequence and fold space within minutes and is not bound to specific protein topologies. Our approach addresses the backbone designability problem, showing that structural patterns in proteins can be efficiently learned by small neural networks and could ultimately contribute to the de novo design of proteins with new functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harteveld, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Hall-Beauvais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morozova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southern, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goverde, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgeon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosset, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loukas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandergheynst, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bronstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring "dark matter" protein folds using deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New structural features of the APC/C revealed by high resolution cryo-EM structures of apo-APC/C and the APC/C CDH1:EMI1 complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The multi-subunit anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a master regulator of cell division. It controls progression through the cell cycle by timely marking mitotic cyclins and other cell cycle regulatory proteins for degradation. The APC/C itself is regulated by the sequential action of its coactivator subunits CDC20 and CDH1, post-translational modifications, and its inhibitory binding partners EMI1 and the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). In this study, we took advantage of the latest developments in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structures of human APC/CCDH1:EMI1 and apo-APC/C at 2.9 [A] and 3.2 [A] resolution, respectively, providing novel insights into the regulation of APC/C activity. The high-resolution maps allowed the unambiguous assignment of a previously unassigned -helix to the N-terminus of CDH1 (CDH11) in the APC/CCDH1:EMI1 ternary complex. We also identified a novel zinc-binding module in APC2 that confers structural stability to APC2, and we confirmed the presence of zinc ions experimentally. Finally, due to the higher resolution and well defined density of these maps, we were able to build, aided by AlphaFold predictions, several intrinsically disordered regions in different APC/C subunits that likely play a role in proper APC/C assembly and regulation of its activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoefler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grime, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garman, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barford, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.555674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New structural features of the APC/C revealed by high resolution cryo-EM structures of apo-APC/C and the APC/C CDH1:EMI1 complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Social Context and Drug Cues Modulate Inhibitory Control in Cocaine Addiction: involvement of the STN evidenced through Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAddictions often develop in a social context, although the influence of social factors did not receive much attention in the neuroscience of addiction. Recent animal studies suggest that peer presence can reduce cocaine intake, an influence potentially mediated, among others, by the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, there is to date no such neurobiological study in humans.

MethodsThis study investigated the impact of social context and drug cues on brain correlates of inhibitory control in individuals with and without cocaine use disorder (CUD) using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Seventeen CUD participants and 17 healthy controls (HC) performed a novel fMRI Stop-Signal task in the presence and absence of an observer while being exposed to cocaine-related and neutral pictures as cues.

ResultsThe results showed that CUD participants, while slower at stopping with neutral cues, recovered control level stopping abilities with cocaine cues, while HC did not show any difference. Neuroimaging revealed the involvement of frontal cortical regions and of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in inhibitory control, which was modulated by both social context and drug cues in CUD participants but not in HC.

ConclusionsThese findings highlight the impact of social context and drug cues on inhibitory control in CUD and suggest potential targets for intervention such as the STN, also emphasizing the importance of considering the social context in addiction research and treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Terenzi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gachomba, M. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Peretti, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazarian, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anton, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baunez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaminade, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.06.556336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Social Context and Drug Cues Modulate Inhibitory Control in Cocaine Addiction: involvement of the STN evidenced through Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.555904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep learning-assisted single-molecule detection of protein post-translational modifications with a biological nanopore 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.555904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a crucial role in countless biological processes, profoundly modulating protein properties on both the spatial and temporal scales. Protein PTMs have also emerged as reliable biomarkers for several diseases. However, only a handful of techniques are available to accurately measure their levels, capture their complexity at a single molecule level and characterize their multifaceted roles in health and disease. Nanopore sensing provides high sensitivity for the detection of low-abundance proteins, holding the potential to impact single-molecule proteomics and PTM detection in particular. Here, we demonstrate the ability of a biological nanopore, the pore-forming toxin aerolysin, to detect and distinguish -synuclein-derived peptides bearing single or multiple PTMs, namely phosphorylation, nitration and oxidation occurring at different positions and in various combinations. The characteristic current signatures of the -synuclein peptide and its PTM variants could be confidently identified using a deep learning model for signal processing. We further demonstrate that this framework can quantify -synuclein peptides at picomolar concentration and detect the C-terminal peptides generated by digestion of full-length -synuclein. Collectively, our work highlights the unique advantage of using nanopore as a tool for simultaneous detection of multiple PTMs and paves the way for their use in biomarker discovery and diagnostics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magalhaes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krapp, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bada Juarez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rukes, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lashuel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dal Peraro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.555904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep learning-assisted single-molecule detection of protein post-translational modifications with a biological nanopore]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput in vivo synaptic connectivity mapping of neuronal micro-circuits using two-photon holographic optogenetics and compressive sensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the intricate synaptic connectivity in living neural circuits is crucial for unraveling the relationship between network structure and function, as well as its evolution during development, learning, and recovery from injury. However, current methodologies for identifying connected neurons in vivo suffer from limitations, particularly with regards to their throughput. In this study, we introduce a groundbreaking framework for in vivo connectivity mapping that combines two-photon holographic optogenetics for activating single or multiple potential presynaptic neurons, whole-cell recording of postsynaptic responses, and a compressive sensing strategy for efficiently retrieving individual postsynaptic neurons responses when multiple potential presynaptic neurons are simultaneously activated. The approach was validated in the layer 2/3 of the visual cortex in anesthetized mice, enabling rapid probing of up to 100 cells in approximately 5 minutes. By identifying tens of synaptic pairs, including their connection strength, kinetics, and spatial distribution, this method showcases its potential to significantly advance circuit reconstruction in large neuronal networks with minimal invasiveness. Moreover, through simultaneous multi-cell stimulation and compressive sensing, we demonstrate up to a three-fold reduction in the number of required measurements to infer connectivity with limited loss in accuracy, thereby enabling high-throughput connectivity mapping in vivo. These results pave the way for a more efficient and rapid investigation of neuronal circuits, leading to deeper insights into brain function and plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, I.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Sars, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronzitti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oweiss, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanese, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emiliani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.11.557026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput in vivo synaptic connectivity mapping of neuronal micro-circuits using two-photon holographic optogenetics and compressive sensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning to operate an imagined speech Brain-Computer Interface involves the spatial and frequency tuning of neural activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) will revolutionize the way people with impaired speech production can communicate. While recent studies confirm the possibility of decoding imagined speech based on pre-recorded intracranial neurophysiological signals, current efforts focus on collecting vast amounts of data to train classifiers, rather than exploring how the individuals brain adapts to improve BCI control, an important aspect given the known problem of "BCI illiteracy", the inability of some individuals to operate a BCI. This issue can be investigated by providing real-time feedback to allow users to identify the best control strategy. In this study, we trained 15 healthy participants to operate a simple binary BCI system based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals through syllable imagery for five consecutive days. We explored whether BCI-control improves with training and characterized the underlying neural dynamics, both in terms of EEG power changes and of the neural features contributing to real-time classification. Despite considerable interindividual variability in performance and learning, a significant improvement in BCI control was observed from day 1 to 5. Performance improvement was associated with a global EEG power increase in frontal theta and a focal increase in temporal low-gamma, showing that learning to operate an imagined-speech BCI involves global and local dynamical changes involving low- and high-frequency neural features, respectively. These findings indicate that both machine and human learning must be considered to reach optimal controllability of imagined-speech BCI, and that non-invasive BCI-learning can help predict the individual benefit from an invasive speech BCI and guide both the electrode implantation and decoding strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhadra, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchesotti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.11.557181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning to operate an imagined speech Brain-Computer Interface involves the spatial and frequency tuning of neural activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual lineage origins of neocortical astrocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astrocytes represent one of the most abundant cell types in the central nervous system, and play an essential role in nearly all aspects of brain functions1. Recent studies have challenged the notion that cortical astrocytes are a uniform population, and have highlighted their diverse characteristics at the morphological, molecular, and functional levels2-5. However, how this diversity originates and establishes during cortical development, remains largely unknown. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified five distinct astrocyte subtypes displaying unique spatial patterns in the mouse neocortex, and discovered essential regulators for their formation. Furthermore, we used TrackerSeq6, a method that integrates heritable DNA barcodes into the genome of electroporated progenitors, to track clonally related astrocytes, and identified two distinct lineages that give rise to the five astrocyte subtypes. The first lineage derives from Emx1+ multipotent progenitors that first generate neurons and then switch to produce cortical astrocytes. The second lineage stems from a fate-restricted progenitor population that exclusively gives rise to a specific subset of cortical astrocytes, marked by Olig2. The knockout of this gene in cortical progenitors is sufficient to promote a fate switch between the two lineages. These findings offer novel insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying astrocyte diversity, highlighting the presence of multiple progenitor subtypes, responsible for generating distinct subtypes of astrocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitali, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roig Puiggros, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bocchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.12.557313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual lineage origins of neocortical astrocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Involvement of remote regions in sustained, but not transient, epileptic activities in the kainate mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557684v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal and human studies have shown that the seizure-generating region is vastly dependent on distant neuronal hubs that can decrease duration and propagation of ongoing seizures. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the impact of distant brain areas on specific interictal or ictal epileptic activities (e.g., isolated spikes, spike trains, seizures). Such knowledge is critically needed since all kinds of epileptic activities are not equivalent in terms of clinical expression and impact on the progression of the disease. We used surface, high-density EEG and multisite intracortical recordings, combined with pharmacological silencing of specific brain regions in the well-known kainate mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. We tested the impact of selective regional silencing on the generation of epileptic activities within a continuum ranging from very transient to more sustained and long-lasting discharges reminiscent of seizures. Silencing the contralateral hippocampus completely suppresses sustained ictal activities in the focus, as efficiently as silencing the focus itself, but while focus silencing abolishes all focal activities, contralateral silencing fails to control transient spikes. In parallel, we observed that sustained epileptic discharges in the focus are preceded by contralateral firing and more strongly phase locked to bi-hippocampal delta/theta oscillations than transient spiking activities, reinforcing the presumed dominant role of the contralateral hippocampus in promoting long-lasting, but not transient, epileptic activities. Altogether, our work provides suggestive evidence that the contralateral hippocampus is necessary for the interictal-to ictal-state transition and proposes that cross-talk between contralateral neuronal activity and ipsilateral delta/theta oscillation could be a candidate mechanism underlying the progression from short to long-lasting epileptic activities.

Key PointsO_LIWe study how regions remote from the focus influence epileptic activities in the kainate mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
C_LIO_LIThe contralateral hippocampus plays a decisive role in the initiation of sustained epileptic activities
C_LIO_LIIntegration of contralateral activities and bi-hippocampal delta/theta oscillations precedes focal paroxysmal activities
C_LIO_LIWe propose that a large-scale epileptic network might be necessary for the transition from interictal to ictal states
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Padmasola, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friscourt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheybani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quairiaux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.14.557684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Involvement of remote regions in sustained, but not transient, epileptic activities in the kainate mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sclerostin blockade inhibits bone resorption through PDGF receptor signaling in osteoblast lineage cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While sclerostin-neutralizing antibodies (Scl-Ab) transiently stimulate bone formation by activating Wnt signaling in osteoblast lineage cells, they exert sustained inhibition of bone resorption, suggesting an alternate signaling pathway by which Scl-Ab control osteoclast activity. Since sclerostin can activate platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) in osteoblast lineage cells in vitro and PDGFR signaling in these cells induces bone resorption through M-CSF secretion, we hypothesized that the prolonged anti-catabolic effect of Scl-Ab could result from PDGFR inhibition. We show here that inhibition of PDGFR signaling in osteoblast lineage cells is sufficient and necessary to mediate prolonged Scl-Ab effect on M-CSF secretion and osteoclast activity in mice. Indeed, sclerostin co-activates PDGFRs independently of Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling inhibition, by forming a ternary complex with LRP6 and PDGFRs in pre-osteoblasts. In turn, Scl-Ab prevents sclerostin-mediated co-activation of PDGFR signaling and consequent M-CSF up-regulation in pre-osteoblast cultures, thereby inhibiting osteoclast activity in pre-osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture assays. These results provide a new potential mechanism explaining the dissociation between anabolic and anti-resorptive effects of long-term Scl-Ab.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thouverey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apostolides, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caverzasio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.11.557168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sclerostin blockade inhibits bone resorption through PDGF receptor signaling in osteoblast lineage cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Centrosome age breaks spindle size symmetry even in symmetrically dividing cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrosomes are the main microtubule organizing center in animal cells. Due to the semi-conservative nature of centrosome duplication, the two centrosomes differ in age. In asymmetric stem cell divisions, centrosome age can induce an asymmetry in half-spindle lengths. However, whether centrosome age affects the symmetry of the two half-spindles in tissue culture cells thought to divide symmetrically, is unknown. Here, we show that in human epithelial and fibroblastic cell lines centrosome age imposes a subtle spindle asymmetry that leads to asymmetric cell daughter sizes. At the mechanistic level, we show that this asymmetry depends on the preferential accumulation on old centrosomes of the microtubule nucleation-organizing proteins pericentrin, {gamma}-tubulin, Cdk5Rap2, and TPX2, under the control of a cenexin-bound pool of the mitotic kinase Plk1. Moreover, we find that old centrosomes have a higher microtubule nucleation capacity. We therefore postulate that centrosome age breaks spindle size symmetry via microtubule nucleation even in cells thought to divide symmetrically.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraldi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.557935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Centrosome age breaks spindle size symmetry even in symmetrically dividing cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Entering new circles: Expansion of the LC8/DYNLL1 interactome in the ciliary-centrosomal network through system-driven motif evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
LC8 is a eukaryotic hub protein that presents a highly conserved interface recognized by short linear motifs (SLiMs) in partner proteins. LC8 was originally associated with the dynein motor complex and was also suggested to promote dimerization of partner proteins. However, the growing list of validated partners with diverse functions suggests that LC8 plays a more general cellular role which is still not fully understood. In this work, we combined computational and experimental approaches in order to gain insights into the LC8 interaction network at the system level. Our machine-learning based pipeline together with functional enrichment analysis revealed that LC8 plays a central role in the ciliary-centrosomal system with several partners involved in various types of ciliopathies. By integrating proteomic data and functional annotations, we identified a high confidence, ciliary-centrosomal specific LC8 partner list of 57 proteins, 15 of which are central to centriole life-cycle organization. Validated binding motifs and the detailed characterization of the interaction with protein OFD1 emphasized the important role of LC8, which was confirmed by confocal microscopy. OFD1, which is a central player in this system, also stood out as an early and highly conserved LC8 partner. However, additional partners showed a more recent evolutionary origin featuring novel proteins as well as novel motifs. Altogether, our results highlight that LC8 plays a major role in the ciliary-centrosomal system and its interaction network underwent a major expansion. This system driven motif evolution contributed to the increased complexity of the organization and regulation of the ciliary-centrosomal system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pajkos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szaniszlo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulop, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosztanyi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.557927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Entering new circles: Expansion of the LC8/DYNLL1 interactome in the ciliary-centrosomal network through system-driven motif evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559607v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism for Vipp1 spiral formation, ring biogenesis and membrane repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559607v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ESCRT-III family proteins build dynamic filaments that remodel membrane. Although the transition of planar filaments into 3D membrane budding structures is fundamental for their function, the geometric changes in polymer architecture driving the transition remain obscure. Here we show how bacterial Vipp1 polymerises into dynamic planar sheets and spirals on membrane. The spirals converge to form a central ring like those known to bud membrane. To probe how Vipp1 morphs between polymers, we determine the architecture of multiple helical filaments. As well as describing filament constriction and membrane tubulation, the geometric relationship between helical and planar lattices enables Vipp1 sheets and spirals to be modelled. Moreover, the helical structures show filaments twisting - a process needed for Vipp1 to transition between planar and 3D architectures. Given the structural conservation between Vipp1 and ESCRT-III, our results may represent the broad changes in geometry required for some ESCRT-III filaments to switch between 2D and 3D forms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naskar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espadas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559607</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism for Vipp1 spiral formation, ring biogenesis and membrane repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergence of a somatosensory tonotopic map for substrate vibration in the brainstem 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceiving substrate vibrations is a fundamental component of tactile perception. The wide frequency spectrum of vibrations is covered by integrating responses of multiple mechanoreceptors that innervate various subtypes of mechanosensitive end organs, each preferring a specific range: Merkel cells (0.5-10Hz), Meissner corpuscles (10-150Hz) and Pacinian corpuscles (150-1000Hz) in primates. As the density of different end organs greatly varies across the body, each body part potentially has a specific frequency preference. How location (somatotopy) and frequency tuning (tonotopy) are processed along the ascending neuraxis and how they converge to drive responses of individual neurons is poorly understood. In this study, we address this question by combining in vivo peripheral electrophysiology and two-photon calcium imaging along the entire dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway, including the dorsal root ganglia, dorsal column nuclei (DCN), the thalamus and the cortex. Surprisingly, we found that both frequency, as well as location, are organised into structured maps in the DCN. Furthermore, both maps are intimately related at the fine spatial scale with parallel map gradients that are consistent across the depth of the DCN and preserved along the ascending pathway. Additional sensory mapping experiments based on peripheral characterisation revealed that the tonotopic map only partially reflects the distribution of end organs in the skin and deep tissue. Instead, we show that the emergence of the finescale tonotopy is probably due to the selective dendritic sampling from axonal afferents, right at the first synaptic relay. Taken together, we conclude DCN neural circuits are key to the emergence of these two fine-scale topological organisations in early somatosensory pathways. The underlying computational principle is intriguingly similar to the integration of multiple functional maps along the ascending visual pathways, suggesting a universal law governing the optimization of sensory systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Thomas Wagner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergence of a somatosensory tonotopic map for substrate vibration in the brainstem]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.558415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A SUMO E3 ligase promotes long non-coding RNA transcription to regulate small RNA-directed DNA elimination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.558415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small RNAs target their complementary chromatin regions for gene silencing through nascent long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena, the interaction between Piwi-associated small RNAs (scnRNAs) and the nascent lncRNA transcripts from the somatic genome has been proposed to induce target-directed small RNA degradation (TDSD), and scnRNAs not targeted for TDSD later target the germline-limited sequences for programmed DNA elimination. In this study, we show that the SUMO E3 ligase Ema2 is required for the accumulation of lncRNAs from the somatic genome and thus for TDSD and completing DNA elimination to make viable sexual progeny. Ema2 interacts with the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and enhances SUMOylation of the transcription regulator Spt6. We further show that Ema2 promotes the association of Spt6 and RNA polymerase II with chromatin. These results suggest that Ema2-directed SUMOylation actively promotes lncRNA transcription, which is a prerequisite for communication between the genome and small RNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shehzada, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saksouk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mochizuki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.558415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A SUMO E3 ligase promotes long non-coding RNA transcription to regulate small RNA-directed DNA elimination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of novel genetically-encoded fluorescent probes to track ceramides during phagocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ceramides regulate phagocytosis, however their exact function remains poorly understood. Here we sought 1) to develop genetically encoded fluorescent tools for imaging ceramide, and 2) to use them to examine ceramide dynamics during phagocytosis. Fourteen EGFP fusion constructs based on four known ceramide-binding domains were generated and screened. While most constructs localized to the nucleus or cytosol, three based on the CA3 ceramide-binding domain of KSR1 localized to plasma membrane or endolysosomes. C-terminally-tagged CA3 with a vector-based (C-KSR) or glycine-serine linker (C-KSR-GS) responded sensitively and similarly to ceramide depletion and accumulation using a panel of ceramide modifying drugs, whereas N-terminally tagged CA3 (N-KSR) responded differently to a subset of treatments. Lipidomic and liposome microarray analysis suggested that, instead, N-KSR preferentially binds to glucosyl-ceramide. Additionally, the three probes showed distinct dynamics during phagocytosis. Despite partial lysosomal degradation, C-KSR robustly accumulated at the plasma membrane during phagocytosis, whereas N-KSR becomes cytoplasmic at later timepoints. Moreover, weak recruitment of C-KSR-GS to endoplasmic reticulum and phagosomes was enhanced by overexpression of the endoplasmic reticulum proteins STIM1 and Sec22b, and was more salient in dendritic cells. The data suggest these novel probes can be used to analyze sphingolipid dynamics and function in living cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Girik, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Ek, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dentand Quadri, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz Cobo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandavit, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavin, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes-Hasler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of novel genetically-encoded fluorescent probes to track ceramides during phagocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antigenicity across Assays and in Human and Animal Model Sera 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires ongoing monitoring to judge the immune escape of newly arising variants. A surveillance system necessitates an understanding of differences in neutralization titers measured in different assays and using human and animal sera. We compared 18 datasets generated using human, hamster, and mouse sera, and six different neutralization assays. Titer magnitude was lowest in human, intermediate in hamster, and highest in mouse sera. Fold change, immunodominance patterns and antigenic maps were similar among sera. Most assays yielded similar results, except for differences in fold change in cytopathic effect assays. Not enough data was available for conclusively judging mouse sera, but hamster sera were a consistent surrogate for human first-infection sera.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mühlemann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilks, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baracco, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bekliz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carreno, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corman, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis-Gardner, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dejnirattisai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doueck, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drosten, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckerle, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edara, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fouchier, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godbole, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haagmans, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halfmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katzelnick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawaoka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimpel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krammer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lusvarghi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mongkolsapaya, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montefiori, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mykytyn, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Netzl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollett, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rössler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Screaton, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Supasa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suthar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>We</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antigenicity across Assays and in Human and Animal Model Sera]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepGO-SE: Protein function prediction as Approximate Semantic Entailment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Gene Ontology (GO) is one of the most successful ontologies in the biological domain. GO is a formal theory with over 100,000 axioms that describe the molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular locations of proteins in three sub-ontologies. Many methods have been developed to automatically predict protein functions. However, only few of them use the background knowledge provided in the axioms of GO for knowledge-enhanced machine learning, or adjust and evaluate the model for the differences between the sub-ontologies.

We have developed DeepGO-SE, a novel method which predicts GO functions from protein sequences using a pretrained large language model combined with a neuro-symbolic model that exploits GO axioms and performs protein function prediction as a form of approximate semantic entailment. We specifically evaluate DeepGO-SE on proteins that have no significant similarity with training proteins and demonstrate that DeepGO-SE can improve function prediction for those proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kulmanov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman-Vega, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duek Roggli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arold, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoehndorf, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepGO-SE: Protein function prediction as Approximate Semantic Entailment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Taxonomy for human social perception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Every day, humans encounter complex social situations that need to be encoded effectively to allow interaction with others. Yet, principles for organizing the perception of social features from the external world remain poorly characterised. In this large-scale study we investigated the principles of social perception in dynamic scenes. In the primary dataset, we presented 234 movie clips (41 minutes) containing various social situations to 1140 participants and asked them to evaluate the presence of 138 social features in each clip. Analyses of the social feature ratings revealed that some features are perceived categorically (present or absent) and others continuously (intensity) and simple social features requiring immediate response are perceived most consistently across participants. To establish the low-dimensional perceptual organization for social features based on movies, we used principal coordinate analysis and consensus clustering for the feature ratings. These dimension reduction analyses revealed that the social perceptual structure can be modelled with eight main dimensions and that behaviourally relevant perceptual categories emerge from these main dimensions. This social perceptual structure generalized from the perception of unrelated Hollywood movie clips to the perception of a full Finnish movie (70 min), and to the perception of static images (n = 468) and across three independent sets of participants (n = 2254). Based on the results, we propose eight basic dimensions of social perception as a model for rapid social perception where social situations are perceived along eight orthogonal perceptual dimensions (most importantly emotional valence, empathy versus dominance, and cognitive versus physical behaviour).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santavirta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdemli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nummenmaa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.559888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Taxonomy for human social perception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.558407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensorimotor brain-computer interface performance depends on signal-to-noise ratio but not connectivity of the mu rhythm in a multiverse analysis of longitudinal data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.558407v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveServing as a channel for communication with locked-in patients or control of prostheses, sensorimotor brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) decode imaginary movements from the recorded activity of the users brain. However, many individuals remain unable to control the BCI, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The users BCI performance was previously shown to correlate with the resting-state signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the mu rhythm and the phase synchronization (PS) of the mu rhythm between sensorimotor areas. Yet, these predictors of performance were primarily evaluated in a single BCI session, while the longitudinal aspect remains rather uninvestigated. In addition, different analysis pipelines were used to estimate PS in source space, potentially hindering the reproducibility of the results.

ApproachTo systematically address these issues, we performed an extensive validation of the relationship between pre-stimulus SNR, PS, and session-wise BCI performance using a publicly available dataset of 62 human participants performing up to 11 sessions of BCI training. We performed the analysis in sensor space using the surface Laplacian and in source space by combining 24 processing pipelines in a multiverse analysis. This way, we could investigate how robust the observed effects were to the selection of the pipeline.

Main resultsOur results show that SNR had both between- and within-subject effects on BCI performance for the majority of the pipelines. In contrast, the effect of PS on BCI performance was less robust to the selection of the pipeline and became non-significant after controlling for SNR.

SignificanceTaken together, our results demonstrate that changes in neuronal connectivity within the sensorimotor system are not critical for learning to control a BCI, and interventions that increase the SNR of the mu rhythm might lead to improvements in the users BCI performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kapralov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamshidi Idaji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Studenova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidaurre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ros, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villringer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikulin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.30.558407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensorimotor brain-computer interface performance depends on signal-to-noise ratio but not connectivity of the mu rhythm in a multiverse analysis of longitudinal data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GLUD1 dictates muscle stem cell differentiation by controlling mitochondrial glutamate levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) enable muscle growth and regeneration after exercise or injury. Upon activation MuSCs metabolically rewire to meet the changing demands of proliferation. Here we describe that primary changes in metabolism itself can dictate MuSC fate decisions to control differentiation and fusion. We found that glutamine anaplerosis into the TCA cycle decreases during MuSC differentiation and coincides with decreased expression of the mitochondrial glutamate deaminase GLUD1. Genetic deletion of Glud1 in proliferating MuSCs resulted in precocious differentiation and imbalanced fusion combined with loss of self-renewal in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, deleting Glud1 caused mitochondrial glutamate accumulation in proliferating MuSCs and inhibited the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS). Restoring MAS activity by supplementation of alanine normalized differentiation. In conclusion, high GLUD1 activity in proliferating MuSCs prevents deleterious mitochondrial glutamate accumulation and inactivation of the MAS. It thereby acts as a compartment specific metabolic brake on MuSC differentiation.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=194 SRC="FIGDIR/small/560525v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (49K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e3585dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1be4a54org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f077org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15220f1_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIGlutamine is the major TCA cycle substrate in MuSCs with decreasing contribution upon differentiation.
C_LIO_LILoss of Glud1 impairs MuSC self-renewal capacity and causes imbalanced fusion in vitro and in vivo.
C_LIO_LIGlud1 deletion leads to mitochondrial glutamate trapping and malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) dysfunction.
C_LIO_LIRestoration of MAS activity in Glud1 deficient MuSCs reverses precocious differentiation and imbalanced fusion.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soro-Arnaiz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherkaoui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilardoni, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bar-Nur, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masschelein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maechler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamboni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poms, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cremonesi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Canaveras, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Bock, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morscher, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GLUD1 dictates muscle stem cell differentiation by controlling mitochondrial glutamate levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.560824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic intraglomerular neuronal ensembles represent odor identity and concentration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.560824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The olfactory system has been extensively studied from an anatomical and functional point of view, yet how and where certain basic odor characteristics such as identity and concentration are represented in the brain remains poorly understood. The glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb is the first brain region that integrates olfactory signals and enables a topographic representation of odor identity. We investigated this odor encoding at the intraglomerular network level using genetic labeling, in vivo imaging, and computational methods. Our analyses demonstrated that glomerular glutamatergic neurons encode both odor identity and concentration. Furthermore, in vivo structural and functional imaging of sister neurons revealed the emergence of intraglomerular neuronal ensembles governed by odor identity and concentration. These findings revealed a novel network mechanism that enables the simultaneous coding of odor identity and concentration within glomerular modules, suggesting a potential mechanism for odor decorrelation and a new model for odor information processing in the olfactory bulb.

One-sentence summaryUnraveling the scent puzzle: Discovery of intraglomerular neuronal ensembles sheds light on odor representation in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loizeau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cremer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platel, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.05.560824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic intraglomerular neuronal ensembles represent odor identity and concentration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.561164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine-tuning FAM161A gene augmentation therapy to restore retinal function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.561164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In 15 years, inherited retinal diseases have seen gene therapy as a springboard to hope. Many preclinical investigations focused on vectors with maximal gene expression capabilities. But despite an efficient gene transfer, little physiological improvement was noted for certain ciliopathies. FAM161A is an essential protein for the structure of photoreceptor connecting cilium (CC). In the absence of FAM161A, cilia disorganize resulting in outersegment collapses and vision impairment. Within the human retina, FAM161A produces two isoforms: the long with exon 4, and the short, lacking it. To restore CC in Fam161a-deficient mice, we compared AAV vectors with different promoter activities, doses, and human isoforms injected subretinally in 14-days Fam161atm1b/tm1b mice, shortly after the onset of cilium disorganization. All vectors improved cell survival, but only combining both isoforms using the weak FCBR1-F0.4 promoter allowed precise FAM161A expression in the CC and enhanced retinal function.

Our study on FAM161A gene replacement for RP28, a rod-cone-related disease, underscores the critical need for precise therapeutic gene regulation, appropriate vector dosing and delivery of both isoforms. Fine tuning of therapeutic gene expression, tailored to disease traits, is crucial for restoring retinal function. This precision is pivotal for secure gene therapy involving structural proteins like FAM161A.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arsenijevic, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Fersioui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koskiniemi-Kuendig, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joubert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bemelmans, A.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivolta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostic, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.06.561164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine-tuning FAM161A gene augmentation therapy to restore retinal function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.561521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bsp1, a fungal CPI motif protein, regulates actin filament capping in endocytosis and cytokinesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.561521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The capping of barbed filament ends is a fundamental mechanism for actin regulation. Capping protein controls filament growth and actin turnover in cells by binding to the barbed ends of the filaments with high affinity and slow off-rate. The interaction between Capping protein and actin is regulated by capping protein interaction (CPI) motif proteins. We identified a novel CPI motif protein, Bsp1, which is involved in cytokinesis and endocytosis in budding yeast. We demonstrate that Bsp1 is an actin binding protein with a high affinity for capping protein via its CPI motif. In cells, Bsp1 regulates capping protein at endocytic sites and is a major recruiter of capping protein to the cytokinetic actin ring. Lastly, we define Bsp1-related proteins as a distinct fungi-specific CPI protein group. Our results suggest that Bsp1 promotes actin filament capping by the capping protein. This study establishes Bsp1 as a new capping protein regulator and promising candidate to regulate actin networks in fungi.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hummel, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toret, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.09.561521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bsp1, a fungal CPI motif protein, regulates actin filament capping in endocytosis and cytokinesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.559446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accelerated brain change in healthy adults is associated with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease and uncovers adult lifespan memory decline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.559446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Across healthy adult life our brains undergo gradual structural change in a pattern of atrophy that resembles accelerated brain changes in Alzheimers disease (AD). Here, using four polygenic risk scores for AD (PRS-AD) in a longitudinal adult lifespan sample aged 30 to 89 years (2-7 timepoints), we show that healthy individuals who lose brain volume faster than expected for their age, have a higher genetic AD risk. We first demonstrate PRS-AD associations with change in early Braak regions, namely hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala, and find evidence these extend beyond that predicted by APOE genotype. Next, following the hypothesis that brain changes in ageing and AD are largely shared, we performed machine learning classification on brain change trajectories conditional on age in longitudinal AD patient-control data, to obtain a list of AD-accelerated features and model change in these in adult lifespan data. We found PRS-AD was associated with a multivariate marker of accelerated change in many of these features in healthy adults, and that most individuals above [~]50 years of age are on an accelerated change trajectory in AD-accelerated brain regions. Finally, high PRS-AD individuals also high on a multivariate marker of change showed more adult lifespan memory decline, compared to high PRS-AD individuals with less brain change. Our results support a dimensional account linking normal brain ageing with AD, suggesting AD risk genes speed up the shared pattern of ageing- and AD-related neurodegeneration that starts early, occurs along a continuum, and tracks memory change in healthy adults.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal-Pineiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grydeland, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonardsen, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iakunchykova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowinckel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stromstad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milaneschi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pudas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brathen, A. C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kransberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falch, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overbye, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kievit, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebmeier, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindenberger, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghisletta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demnitz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boraxbekk, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penninx, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertram, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walhovd, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fjell, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.09.559446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accelerated brain change in healthy adults is associated with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease and uncovers adult lifespan memory decline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust estimation of cancer and immune cell-type proportions from bulk tumor ATAC-Seq data. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561826v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC-Seq) is a widely used technique to explore gene regulatory mechanisms. For most ATAC-Seq data from healthy and diseased tissues such as tumors, chromatin accessibility measurement represents a mixed signal from multiple cell types. In this work, we derive reliable chromatin accessibility marker peaks and reference profiles for most non-malignant cell types frequently observed in the micro-environment of human tumors. We then integrate these data into the EPIC deconvolution framework (Racle et al., 2017) to quantify cell-type heterogeneity in bulk ATAC-Seq data. Our EPIC-ATAC tool accurately predicts non-malignant and malignant cell fractions in tumor samples. When applied to a human breast cancer cohort, EPIC-ATAC accurately infers the immune contexture of the main breast cancer subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Racle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falquet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gfeller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.11.561826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust estimation of cancer and immune cell-type proportions from bulk tumor ATAC-Seq data.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.562204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic insights into the function of 14-3-3 proteins as negative regulators of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.562204v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are vital plant steroid hormones sensed at the cell surface by a membrane signaling complex comprising the receptor kinase BRI1 and a SERK-family co-receptor kinase. Activation of this complex lead to dissociation of the inhibitor protein BKI1 from the receptor and to differential phosphorylation of BZR1/BES1 transcription factors by the glycogen synthase kinase 3 protein BIN2. Many phosphoproteins of the BR signaling pathway, including BRI1, SERKs, BKI1 and BZR1/BES1 can associate with 14-3-3 proteins. In this study, we use quantitative ligand binding assays to define the minimal 14-3-3 binding sites in the N-terminal lobe of the BRI1 kinase domain, in BKI1, and in BZR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. All three motifs require to be phosphorylated to specifically bind 14-3-3s with mid- to low micromolar affinity. BR signaling components display minimal isoform preference within the 14-3-3 non-{varepsilon} subgroup. 14-3-3 and 14-3-3{omega} isoform complex crystal structures reveal that BKI1 and BZR1 bind as canonical type II 14-3-3 linear motifs. Disruption of key amino acids in the phosphopeptide binding site through mutation impairs the interaction of 14-3-3 with all three linear motifs. Notably, quadruple loss-of-function mutants from the non-{varepsilon} group exhibit gain-of-function brassinosteroid signaling phenotypes, suggesting a role for 14-3-3 proteins as overall negative regulators of the BR pathway. Collectively, our work provides further mechanistic and genetic evidence for the regulatory role of 14-3-3 proteins at various stages of the brassinosteroid signaling cascade.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Obergfell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moretti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.562204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic insights into the function of 14-3-3 proteins as negative regulators of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.562210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transformation of neural coding for vibrotactile stimuli along the ascending somatosensory pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.562210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceiving substrate vibrations is a fundamental component of somatosensation. In mammals, action potentials fired by rapidly adapting mechanosensitive afferents are known to reliably time lock to the cycles of a vibration. This stands in contrast to coding in the higher-order somatosensory cortices, where neurons generally encode vibrations in their firing rates, which are tuned to a preferred vibration frequency. How and where along the ascending neuraxis is the peripheral afferent temporal code of cyclically entrained action potentials transformed into a rate code is currently not clear. To answer this question, we probed the encoding of vibrotactile stimuli with electrophysiological recordings along major stages of the ascending somatosensory pathway in mice. Recordings from individual primary sensory neurons in lightly anesthetized mice revealed that rapidly adapting mechanosensitive afferents innervating Pacinian corpuscles display phase-locked spiking for vibrations up to 2000 Hz. This precise temporal code was reliably preserved through the brainstem dorsal column nuclei. The main transformation step was identified at the level of the thalamus, where we observed a significant loss of phase-locked spike timing information accompanied by a further narrowing of tuning curve widths. Using optogenetic manipulation of thalamic inhibitory circuits, we found that parvalbumin-positive interneurons in thalamic reticular nucleus participate in sharpening frequency selectivity and disrupting the precise spike timing of ascending neural signals encoding vibrotactile stimuli. To test the functional implications of these different neural coding mechanisms, we applied frequency-specific microstimulation within the brainstem, which generated frequency selectivity reminiscent of real vibration responses in the somatosensory cortex, whereas microstimulation within thalamus did not. Finally, we applied microstimulation in the brainstem of behaving mice and demonstrated that frequency-specific stimulation could provide informative and robust signals for learning. Taken together, these findings not only reveal novel features of the computational circuits underlying vibrotactile sensation, but could also guide biomimetic stimulus strategies to activate specific nuclei along the ascending somatosensory pathway for sensory neural prostheses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loutit, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Thomas Wagner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prsa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.562210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transformation of neural coding for vibrotactile stimuli along the ascending somatosensory pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.562215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical circuits for goal-directed cross-modal transfer learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.562215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adapting goal-directed behaviors to changing sensory conditions is a fundamental aspect of intelligence. The brain uses abstract representations of the environment to generalize learned associations across sensory modalities. The circuit organization that mediates such cross-modal generalizations remains, however, unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mice can bidirectionally generalize sensorimotor task rules between touch and vision by using abstract representations of peri-personal space within the cortex. Using large-scale mapping in the dorsal cortex at single-cell resolution, we discovered multimodal neurons with congruent spatial representations within multiple associative areas of the dorsal and ventral streams. Optogenetic sensory substitution and systematic silencing of these associative areas revealed that a single area in the dorsal stream is necessary and sufficient for cross-modal generalization. Our results identify and comprehensively describe a cortical circuit organization that underlies an essential cognitive function, providing a structural and functional basis for abstract reasoning in the mammalian brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guyoton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matteucci, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foucher, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Boustani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.562215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical circuits for goal-directed cross-modal transfer learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dogs' sensory-motor tuning shapes dog-human vocal interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Within species, vocal and auditory systems co-evolve to converge on a critical temporal acoustic structure that can be best produced and perceived. While dogs cannot produce articulated sounds, they respond to speech, raising the question as to whether this heterospecific receptive ability is shaped by exposure to speech or bounded by their own sensorimotor capacity. Acoustic analyses of vocalisations show that dogs main production rhythm is slower than the dominant (syllabic) speech rate, and that human dog-directed speech falls halfway in between. Comparative exploration of neural (electroencephalography) and behavioural responses to speech reveals that comprehension in dogs relies on a slower speech rhythm tracking (delta) than humans (theta), even though dogs are equally sensitive to human speech content and prosody. Thus, the dog audio-motor tuning differs from humans, who vocally adjust their speech rate to this shared temporal channel.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DEAUX, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piette, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaunet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.18.562860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dogs' sensory-motor tuning shapes dog-human vocal interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preventing extinction in an age of species migration and planetary change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
International and national conservation policies almost exclusively focus on conserving species in their historic native ranges, thus excluding species that have dispersed on their own accord or have been introduced by people. Given that many of these  migrant species are threatened in their native ranges, conservation goals that explicitly exclude these migrant populations may overlook opportunities to prevent extinctions and respond dynamically to rapidly changing environmental and climatic conditions. Focusing on terrestrial mammals, we quantified the extent to which migration, in this case via introductions, has provided new homes for threatened mammal species. We then devised alternative scenarios for the inclusion of migrant populations in mainstream conservation policy with the aim of preventing global species extinctions and used spatial prioritization algorithms to simulate how these scenarios could change global spatial conservation priorities. We found that 22% of all identified migrant mammals (70 species) are threatened in their native ranges, mirroring the 25% of all mammals that are threatened. Reassessing global threat statuses by combining native and migrant ranges reduced the threat status of 23 species ([~]33% of threatened migrants). Thus, including migrant populations in threat assessments provides a more accurate assessment of actual global extinction risk among species. Spatial prioritization simulations showed that reimagining the role of migrant populations to prevent global species extinction could increase the importance of overlooked landscapes, particularly in central Australia. Our results indicate that these various and non-exhaustive ways to consider migrant populations, with due consideration for potential conservation conflicts with resident taxa, may provide unprecedented opportunities to prevent species extinctions. We present these alternatives and spatial simulations to stimulate discussion on how conservation ought to respond, both pragmatically and ethically, to rapid environmental change in order to best prevent extinctions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lundgren, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallach, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svenning, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaepfer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, A. L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramp, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preventing extinction in an age of species migration and planetary change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563593v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diurnal control of iron responsive element (IRE)-containing mRNAs through iron regular proteins IRP1 and IRP2 is mediated by feeding rhythms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563593v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCellular iron homeostasis is regulated by iron regulatory proteins (IRP1 and IRP2) that sense iron levels (and other metabolic cues) and modulate mRNA translation or stability via interaction with iron regulatory elements (IREs). IRP2 is viewed as the primary regulator in liver, yet our previous datasets showing diurnal rhythms for certain IRE-containing mRNAs suggest a nuanced temporal control mechanism. The purpose of this study is to gain insights into the daily regulatory dynamics across IRE-bearing mRNAs, specific IRP involvement, and underlying systemic and cellular rhythmicity cues in mouse liver.

ResultsWe uncover high-amplitude diurnal oscillations in the regulation of key IRE containing transcripts in liver, compatible with maximal IRP activity at the onset of the dark phase. Although IRP2 protein levels also exhibit some diurnal variations and peak at the light-dark transition, ribosome profiling in IRP2-deficient mice reveals that maximal repression of target mRNAs at this time-point still occurs. We further find that diurnal regulation of IRE-containing mRNAs can continue in the absence of a functional circadian clock as long as feeding is rhythmic.

ConclusionsOur findings suggest temporally controlled redundancy in IRP activities, with IRP2 mediating regulation of IRE-containing transcripts in the light phase and redundancy, conceivably with IRP1, at dark onset. Moreover, we highlight the significance of feeding-associated signals in driving rhythmicity. Our work highlights the dynamic nature and regulatory complexity in a metabolic pathway that had previously been considered well-understood.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nadimpalli, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsioudi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arpa, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chikhaoui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arpat, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liechti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palais, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessmer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gatfield, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.23.563593</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diurnal control of iron responsive element (IRE)-containing mRNAs through iron regular proteins IRP1 and IRP2 is mediated by feeding rhythms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimization of a deep mutational scanning workflow to improve quantification of mutation effects on protein-protein interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep Mutational Scanning (DMS) assays are powerful tools to study sequence-function relationships by measuring the effects of thousands of sequence variants on protein function. During a DMS experiment, several technical artefacts might distort non-linearly the functional score obtained, potentially biasing the interpretation of the results. We therefore tested several technical parameters in the deepPCA workflow, a DMS assay for protein-protein interactions, in order to identify technical sources of non-linearities. We found that parameters common to many DMS assays such as amount of transformed DNA, timepoint of harvest and library composition can cause non-linearities in the data. Designing experiments in a way to minimize these non-linear effects will improve the quantification and interpretation of mutation effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bendel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skendo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauneckaite-Griguole, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diss, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.23.563542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimization of a deep mutational scanning workflow to improve quantification of mutation effects on protein-protein interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insights into assembly of constitutive filament-forming proteins of novel fold through domain dissection and EGFP insertion-based screen: A case study of Spiroplasma Fibril 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spiroplasma is a cell-wall less, helical bacterium possessing a cytoskeletal ribbon consisting Fibril and 5 MreB paralogs. In absence of any information regarding the filament interface of Fibril, a cytoskeleton protein of novel fold, multiple short constructs of Fibril were designed to identify minimal domains required for polymerization. Purification trials of these short constructs resulted in insoluble protein products. In a parallel approach, we incorporated EGFP at the loop regions aimed to hinder polymerization and obtain non-polymerising constructs. We were able to identify probable interfilament/intrafilament interface residues based on the fluorescence screen. We show that EGFP insertions at many of the positions are tolerated as Fibril filaments were readily observed for these constructs in transmission electron microscopy. Both the approaches suggest that Fibril requires N and C-terminal domains for its polymerization. Earlier studies have shown that FibrilWT interacts with MreB5. Our Fibril-EGFP constructs and MreB5 showed interaction similar to the wild-type. Co-sedimentation assay and visualization of Fibril-EGFP proteins proves that the fluorescent constructs are folded and functional and possess structural and biochemical properties similar to the wild type protein.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bapat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harne, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashyap, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gayathri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.564286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insights into assembly of constitutive filament-forming proteins of novel fold through domain dissection and EGFP insertion-based screen: A case study of Spiroplasma Fibril]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProA and ProB repeat sequences shape genome organization, and enhancers open domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome organization is partially conserved across cell types, yet its DNA-encoded determinants remain incompletely understood. Here we define ProA and ProB repeat sequences (RepSeqs) as two classes of cis-elements that promote A/euchromatin or B/heterochromatin compartment identity. We show that relative ProA/ProB density predicts Hi-C compartment profiles, indicating that compartmental propensity is largely encoded in sequence composition, and point to specific chromatin-based mechanisms underlying these effects. ProA RepSeqs are predominantly Alu elements, whereas ProB RepSeqs comprise young LINE-1s, selected ERVs, AT-rich microsatellites, and satellite repeats. RepSeqs of more indefinite character, including transcriptional enhancers, can switch between ProA and ProB functions to open or close chromatin domains in a context-dependent manner. In cancer, CpG methylation loss disproportionately impacts ProB RepSeqs, weakening the B compartment and thereby contributing to genome unfolding and cancer cell plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonnet, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mourad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ewing, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croce, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naville, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vassetzky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fourel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProA and ProB repeat sequences shape genome organization, and enhancers open domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impairment of hippocampal astrocyte-mediated striatal dopamine release and locomotion in Alzheimer's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564619v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clinical and translational research has identified deficits in the dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum in Alzheimers disease (AD) and this could be related to the pathophysiology of psychiatric symptoms appearing even at early stages of the pathology. We hypothesized that AD pathology in the hippocampus may influence dopaminergic neurotransmission even in the absence of AD-related lesion in the mesostriatal circuit. We thus chemogenetically manipulated the activity of hippocampal neurons and astrocytes in wild-type and hemizygous TgF344-AD (Tg) rats, an animal model of AD pathology. We assessed the brain-wide functional output of this manipulation using in vivo Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography to measure cerebral blood flow and D2/3 receptor binding. We also assessed the effects of the chemogenetic manipulations on astrocytic and microglial capacity to surround and phagocytize A{beta} both locally and in the striatum. Our results show that acute and chronic neuronal and astrocytic stimulation induces widespread effects on the brain regional activation pattern, notably with an inhibition of striatal activation. In the TgF344-AD rats, both these effects were blunted. Chemogenetic stimulation in the hippocampus increased microglial density and its capacity to limit AD pathology, whereas these effects were absent in the striatum perhaps as a consequence of the altered connectivity between the hippocampus and the striatum. Our work suggests that hippocampal AD pathology may alter mesostriatal signalling and induce widespread alterations of brain activity. Neuronal and astrocytic activation may induce a protective, A{beta}-limiting phenotype of microglia, which surrounds A{beta} plaques and limits A{beta} concentration more efficiently.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tournier, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceyzeriat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloria, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fall, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amosse, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsartsalis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.29.564619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impairment of hippocampal astrocyte-mediated striatal dopamine release and locomotion in Alzheimer's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low-dimensional neuronal population dynamics in anterior superior temporal gyrus reactivate phonetic representations during semantic processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractSpeech processing involves a hierarchy of cognitive layers from low-level phonetic to high-level seman-tic representations. However, interactions are not only feed-forward; Feedback mechanisms are crucial for real-time, accurate speech recognition. Yet how distant levels interface during speech processing remains unclear. Here, we analyzed intracortical recordings from 624 neurons across three human participants implanted with microelectrode arrays in the anterior superior temporal gyrus during an auditory semantic categorization task and natural speech perception. We identified distinct neural subspaces, or manifolds, for semantic and phonetic features, with a functional separation of the corresponding low-dimensional dynamics. We contrasted a bottom-up cumulative and a top-down predictive hypothesis on phonetic-semantic temporal alignment, and found phonetic alignment to word-level semantic representations, signaling top-down prediction. These effects were consistent across participants at the spiking level, and remained undetected in adjacent ECoG recordings. These findings demonstrate the reorganization of neuronal population dynamics supporting phonetic representations during semantic prediction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orepic, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truccolo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proix, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.564638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low-dimensional neuronal population dynamics in anterior superior temporal gyrus reactivate phonetic representations during semantic processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunosuppression is a conserved driver of tuberculosis susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes 1.25 million deaths a year. However, tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis remains poorly understood and is not fully recapitulated in standard mouse models. Here we find that gene signatures from three different Mtb-susceptible mouse models predict active TB disease in humans significantly better than a signature from resistant C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Conserved among susceptible mice, non-human primates, and humans, but largely absent from B6 mice, was Mtb-induced differentiation of macrophages into an Spp1+ differentiation state. Spp1+ macrophages expressed high levels of immunosuppressive molecules including IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). IL-1Ra was previously reported to cause Mtb susceptibility in one mouse model, but whether IL-1Ra is broadly important remains uncertain. Here we report that enhancement of IL-1 signaling via deletion of IL-Ra promoted bacterial control across three susceptible mouse models. We found IL-1 signaling amplified production of multiple cytokines by lymphoid and stromal cells, providing a multifactorial mechanism for how IL-1 promotes Mtb control. Our results indicate that myeloid cell expression of immunosuppressive molecules, in particular IL-1 receptor antagonist, is a conserved early mechanism limiting Mtb control in mice, non-human primates, and humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kotov, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, O. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, D. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaye, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suliman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vance, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunosuppression is a conserved driver of tuberculosis susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered astrocytic and microglial homeostasis characterizes a decreased proinflammatory state in bipolar disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple lines of evidence point to peripheral immune alterations in bipolar disorder (BD) although the activity of brain immune mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To identify the cell type-specific immune alterations in the BD brain, we performed a proteomic and single nuclear transcriptomic analysis of postmortem cingulate cortex samples from BD and control subjects. Our results showed that genes associated to the genetic risk for BD are enriched in microglia and astrocytes. Transcriptomic alterations in microglia point to a reduced proinflammatory phenotype, associated to reduced resistance to oxidative stress and apoptosis, which was confirmed with immunohistochemical quantification of IBA1 density. Astrocytes show transcriptomic evidence of an imbalance of multiple metabolic pathways, extracellular matrix composition and downregulated immune signalling. These alterations are associated to ADCY2 and NCAN, two GWAS genes upregulated in astrocytes. Finally, cell-cell communication analysis prioritized upregulated SPP1-CD44 signalling to astrocytes as a potential regulator of the transcriptomic alterations in BD. Our results indicate that microglia and astrocytes are characterized by downregulated immune responses associated to a dysfunction of core mechanisms via which these cells contribute to brain homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amosse, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tournier, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badina, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchand-Maillet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abjean, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengacher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fancy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garibotto, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piguet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceyzeriat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsartsalis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.29.564621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered astrocytic and microglial homeostasis characterizes a decreased proinflammatory state in bipolar disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.565527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SWISH-X, an expanded approach to detect cryptic pockets inproteins and at protein-protein interfaces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.565527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-protein interactions mediate most molecular processes in the cell, offering a significant opportunity to expand the set of known druggable targets. Unfortunately, targeting these interactions can be challenging due to their typically flat and featureless interaction surfaces, which often change as the complex forms. Such surface changes may reveal hidden (cryptic) druggable pockets. Here, we analyse a set of well-characterised protein-protein interactions harbouring cryptic pockets and investigate the predictive power of current computational methods. Based on our observations, we develop a new computational strategy, SWISH-X (SWISH Expanded), which combines the established cryptic pocket identification capabilities of SWISH with the rapid temperature range exploration of OPES MultiThermal. SWISH-X is able to reliably identify cryptic pockets at protein-protein interfaces while retaining its predictive power for revealing cryptic pockets in isolated proteins, such as TEM-1 {beta}-lactamase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borsatto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gianquinto, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.03.565527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SWISH-X, an expanded approach to detect cryptic pockets inproteins and at protein-protein interfaces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.564640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combined blockade of CXCR4 and PD-1 enhances intratumoral dendritic cell activation and immune responses against HCC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.564640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed systemic therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, their efficacy is limited to a small percentage of patients, leaving an opportunity for enhancement through synergistic combination therapies. We tested here the combined blockade of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and CXCR4, a receptor for CXCL12 and a key mediator of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment in orthotopic grafted and autochthonous models of HCC. We evaluated tumor growth and survival outcomes and examined the underlying mechanisms using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, RNA-sequencing, and transgenic mice experiments. Combined anti-CXCR4/PD-1 therapy had a robust impact on tumor growth and significantly prolonged survival in all murine preclinical models. The combination treatment successfully reprogrammed antigen-presenting cells, revealing the role of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, DC reprogramming enhanced anti-cancer immunity by facilitating CD8 T-cell accumulation and activation in the HCC tissue. The effectiveness of the anti-CXCR4 antibody/ICI combination treatment was compromised entirely in Batf3-KO mice deficient in cDC1 cells. Thus, combined ICI therapy with an anti-CXCR4 antibody has the potential to augment the anti-cancer effects and improve survival outcomes in HCC via reprogramming intra-tumoral cDC1 cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shigeta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kikuchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pittet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duda, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.06.564640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combined blockade of CXCR4 and PD-1 enhances intratumoral dendritic cell activation and immune responses against HCC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.565994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPATEs promote the survival of Shigella to the plasma complement system upon hemorrhage and bacteremia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.565994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shigella spp. are the causative agents of shigellosis, which remains a leading cause of death in children under the age of five. Shigellosis is characterized by fever and results in hemorrhagic diarrhea; in more severe cases, Shigella bacteremia has been reported. These clinical features strongly suggest that Shigella survive exposure to plasma, although this has not yet been studied at the molecular level. In this report, we confirmed in a guinea pig model of shigellosis that local hemorrhages were induced by S. flexneri 5a and S. sonnei, and we demonstrated that Shigella reached mucosal CD31+/CD34+ blood vessels during the late stages of infection and further disseminated in the bloodstream. These results confirmed the exposure of Shigella to plasma components within the hemorrhagic colonic mucosa and in the bloodstream. We demonstrated that all the tested Shigella strains survived plasma exposure in vitro, and we showed that Serine Protease Autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs) are essential for Shigella dissemination within the colonic mucosa. We have confirmed that SPATEs are expressed and secreted in poorly oxygenated environments encountered by Shigella from hypoxic foci of infection to the bloodstream. We further demonstrated that SPATEs promoted Shigella survival in plasma, by cleaving complement component 3 (C3), thereby impairing complement system activation. We have shown here that the ability of Shigella to survive plasma exposure is a key factor in its virulence, both within primary foci and systemically.

Significance StatementIn this study we aimed to better understand the significance of the ability of Shigella to survive plasma exposure, as we observed that non-pathogenic E. coli rapidly lysed upon exposure. Indeed, we reported that Shigella was already exposed to plasma components within the colonic mucosa, as we reported in a guinea pig model of shigellosis that hemorrhages were induced, that were associated with local diffusion of plasma components in the infected colonic mucosa. Shigella was obviously exposed to plasma during bacteremia. The ability of Shigella to survive in plasma has not been previously reported. Here we have shown, first, that Shigella was able to divide and grow in the presence of human plasma, and second, we found that SPATEs played a central role in this process by impairing with the activation of the complement system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Debande, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabbah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngondo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andre, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roche, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laborde, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantalapiedra-Mateo, M.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thahouly, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milinski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchetti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allmang-Cura, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frugier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marteyn, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.08.565994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPATEs promote the survival of Shigella to the plasma complement system upon hemorrhage and bacteremia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.566170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BioWiC: An Evaluation Benchmark for Biomedical Concept Representation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.566170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Due to the complexity of the biomedical domain, the ability to capture semantically meaningful representations of terms in context is a long-standing challenge. Despite important progress in the past years, no evaluation benchmark has been developed to evaluate how well language models represent biomedical concepts according to their corresponding context. Inspired by the Word-in-Context (WiC) benchmark, in which word sense disambiguation is reformulated as a binary classification task, we propose a novel dataset, BioWiC, to evaluate the ability of language models to encode biomedical terms in context. We evaluate BioWiC both intrinsically and extrinsically and show that it could be used as a reliable benchmark for evaluating context-dependent embeddings in biomedical corpora. In addition, we conduct several experiments using a variety of discriminative and generative large language models to establish robust baselines that can serve as a foundation for future research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rouhizadeh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikishina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yazdani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bornet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrsam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudet-Blavignac, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naderi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teodoro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.08.566170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BioWiC: An Evaluation Benchmark for Biomedical Concept Representation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.12.566735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of supramolecular anticoagulants with on-demand reversibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.12.566735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drugs are administered at a dosing schedule set by their therapeutic index and termination of action is achieved by clearance and metabolism of the drug (hours to days for small molecules, weeks to months for biologics). In some cases, it is important to achieve a fast reversal of the drugs action to overcome dangerous side effects or in response to unforeseen events. A case in point is for anticoagulant drugs. Here we report a general strategy to achieve on-demand reversibility by leveraging supramolecular assembly of drug fragments and showcase the approach with thrombin-inhibiting anticoagulants. In our supramolecular drug design, the action of the drug is reinforced by a dynamic hybridisation of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) between drug fragments. We show that this design enables the generation of very potent bivalent direct thrombin inhibitors (Ki 74 pM) and this inhibition can be reversed through the use of a PNA antidote. We demonstrate that these supramolecular inhibitors exhibit potent anticoagulant activity in vitro and in vivo and that this activity can also be reversed on demand.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dockerill, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angerani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alwis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ripoll-Rozada, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smythe, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J. S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbosa Pereira, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winssinger, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.12.566735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of supramolecular anticoagulants with on-demand reversibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.12.566754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-timescale reinforcement learning in the brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.12.566754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To thrive in complex environments, animals and artificial agents must learn to act adaptively to maximize fitness and rewards. Such adaptive behavior can be learned through reinforcement learning1, a class of algorithms that has been successful at training artificial agents2-6 and at characterizing the firing of dopamine neurons in the midbrain7-9. In classical reinforcement learning, agents discount future rewards exponentially according to a single time scale, controlled by the discount factor. Here, we explore the presence of multiple timescales in biological reinforcement learning. We first show that reinforcement agents learning at a multitude of timescales possess distinct computational benefits. Next, we report that dopamine neurons in mice performing two behavioral tasks encode reward prediction error with a diversity of discount time constants. Our model explains the heterogeneity of temporal discounting in both cue-evoked transient responses and slower timescale fluctuations known as dopamine ramps. Crucially, the measured discount factor of individual neurons is correlated across the two tasks suggesting that it is a cell-specific property. Together, our results provide a new paradigm to understand functional heterogeneity in dopamine neurons, a mechanistic basis for the empirical observation that humans and animals use non-exponential discounts in many situations 10-14, and open new avenues for the design of more efficient reinforcement learning algorithms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masset, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tano, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchida, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.12.566754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-timescale reinforcement learning in the brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.16.566967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-cell atlas of E. faecalis wound infection reveals novel bacterial-host immunomodulatory mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.16.566967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wound infections are highly prevalent, and can lead to delayed or failed healing, causing significant morbidity and adverse economic impacts. These infections occur in various contexts, including diabetic foot ulcers, burns, and surgical sites. Enterococcus faecalis is often found in persistent non-healing wounds, but its contribution to chronic wounds remains understudied. To address this, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on infected wounds in comparison to uninfected wounds in a mouse model. Examining over 23,000 cells, we created a comprehensive single-cell atlas that captures the cellular and transcriptomic landscape of these wounds. Our analysis revealed unique transcriptional and metabolic alterations in infected wounds, elucidating the distinct molecular changes associated with bacterial infection compared to the normal wound healing process. We identified dysregulated keratinocyte and fibroblast transcriptomes in response to infection, jointly contributing to an anti-inflammatory environment. Notably, E. faecalis infection prompted a premature, incomplete epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in keratinocytes. Additionally, E. faecalis infection modulated M2-like macrophage polarization by inhibiting pro-inflammatory resolution in vitro, in vivo, and in our scRNA-seq atlas. Furthermore, we discovered macrophage crosstalk with neutrophils, which regulates chemokine signaling pathways, while promoting anti-inflammatory interactions with endothelial cells. Overall, our findings offer new insights into the immunosuppressive role of E. faecalis in wound infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Celik, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinhart Tonoto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veleba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibault, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.16.566967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-cell atlas of E. faecalis wound infection reveals novel bacterial-host immunomodulatory mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.20.567783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The HtrA chaperone monitors sortase-assembled pilus biogenesis in Enterococcus faecalis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.20.567783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sortase-assembled pili contribute to virulence in many Gram-positive bacteria. In Enterococcus faecalis, the endocarditis and biofilm-associated pilus (Ebp) is polymerized on the membrane by sortase C (SrtC) and attached to the cell wall by sortase A (SrtA). In the absence of SrtA, polymerized pili remain anchored to the membrane (i.e. off-pathway). Here we show that the high temperature requirement A (HtrA) bifunctional chaperone/protease of E. faecalis is a quality control system that clears aberrant off-pathway pili from the cell membrane. In the absence of HtrA and SrtA, accumulation of membrane-bound pili leads to cell envelope stress and partially induces the regulon of the ceftriaxone resistance-associated CroRS two-component system, which in turn causes hyper-piliation and cell morphology alterations. Inactivation of croR in the {Delta}srtA{Delta}htrA background partially restores the observed defects of the {Delta}srtA{Delta}htrA strain, supporting a role for CroRS in the response to membrane perturbations. Moreover, absence of SrtA and HtrA decreases basal tolerance of E. faecalis against cephalosporins and daptomycin. The link between HtrA, pilus biogenesis and the CroRS two-component system provides new insights into the E. faecalis response to endogenous membrane perturbations.

Author summaryTo explore the role of the HtrA chaperone/protease in E. faecalis off-pathway pilus clearance, we deleted htrA in an E. faecalis OG1RF {Delta}srtA strain known to retain polymerized pili on the cell membrane. Cells in the {Delta}srtA{Delta}htrA background are hyper-piliated, possess altered morphology, and are more susceptible to cell envelope-targeting antibiotics as compared to the parent OG1RF strain. RNA sequencing of the {Delta}srtA{Delta}htrA strain revealed transcriptional changes reminiscent of a membrane stress response. This response was pilus-dependent and contained several members of the CroR regulon. Inactivation of the response regulator CroR in the {Delta}srtA{Delta}htrA background restored (at least partially) piliation and cell morphology but not antibiotic susceptibility, linking CroR for the first time to pilus biogenesis and endogenous cell envelope stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yong, A. M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colomer Winter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, K. K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matysik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.20.567783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The HtrA chaperone monitors sortase-assembled pilus biogenesis in Enterococcus faecalis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Applying Super-Resolution and Tomography Concepts to Identify Receptive Field Subunits in the Retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatially nonlinear stimulus integration by retinal ganglion cells lies at the heart of various computations performed by the retina. It arises from the nonlinear transmission of signals that ganglion cells receive from bipolar cells, which thereby constitute functional subunits within a ganglion cells receptive field. Inferring these subunits from recorded ganglion cell activity promises a new avenue for studying the functional architecture of the retina. This calls for efficient methods, which leave sufficient experimental time to leverage the acquired knowledge. Here, we combine concepts from super-resolution microscopy and computed tomography and introduce super-resolved tomographic reconstruction (STR) as a technique to efficiently stimulate and locate receptive field subunits. Simulations demonstrate that this approach can reliably identify subunits across a wide range of model variations, and application in recordings of primate parasol ganglion cells validates the experimental feasibility. STR can potentially reveal comprehensive subunit layouts within less than an hour of recording time, making it ideal for online analysis and closed-loop investigations of receptive field substructure in retina recordings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krueppel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khani, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreyer, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sridhar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapp, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mietsch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karamanlis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollisch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.27.568854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Applying Super-Resolution and Tomography Concepts to Identify Receptive Field Subunits in the Retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoupling Dopamine Synthesis from Impulsive Action, Risk-related Decision-Making, and Propensity to Cocaine Intake: A Longitudinal -FDOPA PET Study in Roman High- and Low-avoidance Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Impulsive action and risk-related decision-making (RDM) are two facets of impulsivity linked to a hyperdopaminergic release in the striatum and an increased propensity to cocaine intake. We previously showed that with repeated cocaine exposure, this initial hyperdopaminergic release is blunted in impulsive animals, potentially signaling drug-induced tolerance. Whether such dopaminergic dynamics involve changes in dopamine (DA) synthesis as a function of impulsivity is currently unknown. Here, we investigated the predictive value of DA synthesis for impulsive action, RDM, and the propensity to take cocaine in a rat model of vulnerability to cocaine abuse. Additionally, we assessed the effects of cocaine intake on these variables. Rats were tested sequentially in the rat Gambling Task (rGT) and were scanned with positron emission tomography and [18F]-FDOPA to respectively assess both impulsivity facets and striatal DA synthesis before and after cocaine self-administration (SA). Our results revealed that baseline striatal levels of DA synthesis did not predict impulsive action, RDM, or a greater propensity to cocaine self-administration (SA) in impulsive animals. Besides, we showed that impulsive action, but not RDM, predicted higher rates of cocaine-taking. However, chronic cocaine exposure had no impact on DA synthesis nor affected impulsive action and RDM. These findings indicate that the hyperresponsive DA system associated with impulsivity and a propensity for cocaine consumption, along with the reduction in this hyperresponsive DA state in impulsive animals with a history of cocaine use, is not mediated by dynamic changes in DA synthesis.

Significance statementImpulsive behaviors are associated with a heightened presynaptic dopamine (DA) function and vulnerability to the rewarding effects of cocaine. However, with repeated drug exposure, the initially high DA release decreases, probably reflecting the development of drug tolerance. Whether such DA dynamics involve changes in DA synthesis is currently unknown. Using in vivo neuroimaging in rats before and after chronic cocaine use, our study reveals that DA synthesis does not predict impulsivity or vulnerability to cocaine, nor is it affected by chronic drug exposure. Our results suggest that the heightened presynaptic function underlying impulsivity and the cocaine-induced tolerance to drugs depend on alternative mechanisms to DA synthesis, such as those controlling DA reactivity to stimulation and DA reuptake.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uruena-Mendez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrondeau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belles, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginovart, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.569200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoupling Dopamine Synthesis from Impulsive Action, Risk-related Decision-Making, and Propensity to Cocaine Intake: A Longitudinal -FDOPA PET Study in Roman High- and Low-avoidance Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.569772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interconversion of tripartite and bipartite systems for site-specific O-sialylation of flagellin in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.569772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many bacteria decorate flagellin with sialic acid-like sugars such as pseudaminic acid (Pse) by O-glycosylation on serine or threonine residues. Evidence for sufficiency of sialylation by a conserved flagellin glycosyltransferase (fGT) system is lacking, presumably because of (a) missing component(s). Here, we reconstituted two Maf-type fGTs from the Gram-negative bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in a heterologous host producing a Pse donor sugar. While Maf-1 is sufficient for flagellin glycosylation, Maf-2 reconstitution requires a newly identified, cis-encoded and conserved specificity factor GlfM, predicted to form a four-helix bundle. While GlfM binds Maf-2 to form a ternary complex with flagellin, the C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of Maf-1 confers flagellin acceptor and O-glycosylation specificity at preferred serine residues. GlfM from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are functional, providing evidence for convergent evolution of specialized flagellin modification systems with acceptor serine selectivity, while also shaping the interconversion of bacterial tripartite and bipartite O-glycosylation systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Unay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kint, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.03.569772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interconversion of tripartite and bipartite systems for site-specific O-sialylation of flagellin in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Continuous estimation of reaching space in superficial layers of the motor cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor cortex plays a key role in controlling voluntary arm movements towards spatial targets. The cortical representation of spatial information has been extensively studied and was found to range from combinations of muscle synergies to cognitive maps of locations in space. How such abstract representations of target space evolve during a behavior, how they integrate with other behavioral features and what role they play in movement control is less clear. Here we addressed these questions by recording the activity of layer 2/3 (L2/3) neurons in the motor cortex using two-photon calcium imaging in head-restrained mice, while they reached for water droplets presented at different spatial locations around their snout. Our results reveal that a majority (>80%) of L2/3 neurons with task-related activity are target-space selective and their activity is contingent on a single target position in an ego-centric reference frame. This spatial framework is preferentially organized along three cardinal directions (Center, Left and Right). Surprisingly, the coding of target space is not limited to the activity during movement planning or execution, but is also predominant during preceding and subsequent phases of the task, and even persists beyond water consumption. More importantly, target specificity is independent of the movement kinematics and is immediately updated when the target is moved to a new position. Our findings suggest that, rather than descending motor commands, the ensemble of L2/3 neurons in the motor cortex conjointly encode internal (behavioral) and external (spatial) aspects of the task, playing a role in higher-order representations related to estimation processes of the ongoing actions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galinanes, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.01.569527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Continuous estimation of reaching space in superficial layers of the motor cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.569895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane specificity of the human cholesterol transfer protein STARD4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.569895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
STARD4 regulates cholesterol homeostasis by transferring cholesterol between plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. The STARD4 structure features a helix-grip fold surrounding a large hydrophobic cavity holding the sterol. Its access is controlled by a gate formed by two flexible loops - {Omega}1 and {Omega}4- and the C-terminal -helix. Besides this, little is known about the mechanisms by which STARD4 binds to membranes and extract/releases cholesterol. All available structures of STARD4 are without a bound sterol and display the same closed conformation of the gate. The cholesterol transfer activity of the mouse STARD4 is enhanced in the presence of anionic lipids, and in particular of phosphatidylinositol biphosphates (PIP2) for which two binding sites were proposed on the mouse STARD4 surface. Yet only one of these sites is conserved in human STARD4. We here report the results of a liposome microarray-based assay and microseconds-long molecular dynamics simulations of apo-and holo forms of human STARD4 with complex lipid bilayers mimicking the composition of the donor and acceptor membranes. We show that the binding of apo form of human STARD4 is sensitive to the presence of PIP2 through two specific binding sites, one of which was not identified on mouse STARD4. We report two novel conformations of the gate in holo-STARD4: a yet-unobserved close conformation and an open conformation of {Omega}4 shedding light on the opening/closure mechanism needed for cholesterol uptake/release. Overall, the modulation of human STARD4 membrane-binding by lipid composition, and by the presence of the cargo supports the capacity of human STARD4 to achieve directed transfer between specific organelle membranes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Talandashti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Ek, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moqadam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavin, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reuter, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.04.569895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane specificity of the human cholesterol transfer protein STARD4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.07.573662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reprogramming neuroblastoma by diet-enhanced polyamine depletion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.07.573662v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroblastoma is a highly lethal childhood tumor derived from differentiation-arrested neural crest cells1,2. Like all cancers, its growth is fueled by metabolites obtained from either circulation or local biosynthesis3,4. Neuroblastomas depend on local polyamine biosynthesis, with the inhibitor difluoromethylornithine showing clinical activity5. Here we show that such inhibition can be augmented by dietary restriction of upstream amino acid substrates, leading to disruption of oncogenic protein translation, tumor differentiation, and profound survival gains in the TH-MYCN mouse model. Specifically, an arginine/proline-free diet decreases the polyamine precursor ornithine and augments tumor polyamine depletion by difluoromethylornithine. This polyamine depletion causes ribosome stalling, unexpectedly specifically at adenosine-ending codons. Such codons are selectively enriched in cell cycle genes and low in neuronal differentiation genes. Thus, impaired translation of these codons, induced by the diet-drug combination, favors a pro-differentiation proteome. These results suggest that the genes of specific cellular programs have evolved hallmark codon usage preferences that enable coherent translational rewiring in response to metabolic stresses, and that this process can be targeted to activate differentiation of pediatric cancers.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=192 SRC="FIGDIR/small/573662v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (64K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fdbaecorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@fb03f4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c0afa7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14c384f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Highlights- Extra-tumoral conversion of arginine feeds tumor ornithine via uptake from circulation in MYCN-neuroblastoma.
- A proline and arginine free diet enhances pharmacological polyamine depletion via reduced ornithine substrate availability.
- Polyamine depletion disrupts oncogenic translation to induce a pro-differentiation proteome causing neuroblast differentiation and prolonged survival in the TH-MYCN mouse model.
- Genes of specific cellular programs have evolved codon usage preferences that enable coherent translational rewiring in response to metabolic stress, such as polyamine depletion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cherkaoui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eigenmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panasenko, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandhi, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surrey, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wierer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinowitz, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogarty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morscher, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.07.573662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reprogramming neuroblastoma by diet-enhanced polyamine depletion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.18.576179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting the membrane association mechanism of aerolysin pore at femtomolar concentrations using water as a probe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.18.576179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aerolysin is a bacterial pore-forming toxin able to form transmembrane pores at the host plasma membrane of narrow internal diameter and great stability. These assets make it a highly promising nanopore for the detection of biopolymers such as nucleic acids and peptides. While much is known about aerolysin from a microbiological and structural side, its membrane association and pore-formation mechanism are not yet fully disclosed. Here, we studied the interaction of femtomolar concentrations of aerolysin and its mutants with liposomes in aqueous solution using angle-resolved second harmonic scattering (AR-SHS), in combination with single-channel current measurements. The measurements were so sensitive to detect electrostatic changes on the membrane-bound aerolysin induced by pH variation induced by the changes in the hydration shell of aerolysin. We reported for the first time the membrane binding affinity of aerolysin at different stages of the pore formation mechanism: while wt aerolysin has a binding affinity as high as 20 fM, the quasi-pore state and the prepore state show gradually decreasing membrane affinities, incomplete insertion and pore opening signature. Moreover, we quantitatively characterized the membrane affinity of mutants relevant for applications to nanopore sensing. This approach opens new possibilities to efficiently screen biological pores suitable for conducting molecular sensing and sequencing measurements, as well as to probe pore forming processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roesel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bada Juarez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dal Peraro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.18.576179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting the membrane association mechanism of aerolysin pore at femtomolar concentrations using water as a probe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.22.576610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental emergence of first- and higher-order thalamic neuron molecular identities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.22.576610v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The thalamus is organized into nuclei that have distinct input and output connectivities with the cortex. While first-order (FO) nuclei - also called core nuclei - relay input from sensory organs on the body surface and project to primary cortical sensory areas, higher-order (HO) nuclei - matrix nuclei - instead receive their driver input from the cortex and project to secondary and associative areas within cortico-thalamo-cortical loops. Input-dependent processes have been shown to play a critical role in the emergence of FO thalamic neuron identity from a ground state HO neuron identity, yet how this identity emerges during development remains unknown. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing of the developing embryonic thalamus, we show that FO thalamic identity emerges after HO identity and that peripheral input is critical for the maturation of excitatory, but not inhibitory FO-type neurons. Our findings reveal that subsets of HO neurons are developmentally co-opted into FO-type neurons, providing a mechanistic framework for the diversification of thalamic neuron types during development and evolution.

Summary StatementSubsets of higher-order thalamic neurons are developmentally co-opted into first-order type neurons, providing a framework for the diversification of thalamic neuron types during development and evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lo Giudice, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagener, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frangeul, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.22.576610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental emergence of first- and higher-order thalamic neuron molecular identities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.16.580337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
YY1 mutations disrupt corticogenesis and cytoarchitecture through a cell-type specific rewiring of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous transcriptional programs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.16.580337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germline mutations of YY1 cause Gabriele-de Vries syndrome (GADEVS), a neurodevelopmental disorder featuring intellectual disability and a wide range of systemic manifestations. To dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying GADEVS, we combined large-scale imaging, single-cell multiomics and gene regulatory network reconstruction in 2D and 3D patient-derived physiopathologically relevant cell lineages. YY1 haploinsufficiency causes a pervasive alteration of cell type specific transcriptional networks, disrupting corticogenesis at the level of neural progenitors and terminally differentiated neurons, including cytoarchitectural defects reminiscent of GADEVS clinical features. Transcriptional alterations in neurons propagated to neighboring astrocytes through a major non-cell autonomous pro-inflammatory effect that grounds the rationale for modulatory interventions. Together, neurodevelopmental trajectories, synaptic formation and neuronal-astrocyte cross talk emerged as salient domains of YY1 dosage-dependent vulnerability. Mechanistically, cell-type resolved reconstruction of gene regulatory networks uncovered the regulatory interplay between YY1, NEUROG2 and ETV5 and its aberrant rewiring in GADEVS. Our findings underscore the reach of advanced in vitro models in capturing developmental antecedents of clinical features and exposing their underlying mechanisms to guide the search for targeted interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pereira, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finazzi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzuti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aprile, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiello, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollica, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soriani, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dossena, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaldi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenderini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carminho-Rodrigues, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bally, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Vries, B. B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriele, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitriolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Testa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.16.580337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[YY1 mutations disrupt corticogenesis and cytoarchitecture through a cell-type specific rewiring of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous transcriptional programs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.582675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Liebenberg syndrome severity arises from variations in Pitx1 locus topology and ectopically transcribing cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.582675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancer hijacking, a common cause of gene misregulation linked to disease, occurs when non-matching enhancers and promoters interact ectopically. This interaction is made possible by genetic changes that alter the arrangement or insulation of gene regulatory landscapes. While the concept of enhancer hijacking is well understood, the specific reasons behind the variation in phenotypic severity or the point at which those phenotypes become evident remain unexplored. In this work, we expand on the ectopic activation of the hindlimb-specific transcription factor Pitx1 by one of its own enhancers, Pen, in forelimb tissues that causes the Liebenberg syndrome. We combine a previously developed in-embryo cell-tracing approach to a series of inversions and relocations to show that reduction in Pitx1-Pen relative genomic positioning leads to increased proportions of Pitx1 forelimb-expressing cells and more severe phenotypical outcomes. We demonstrate that the Pitx1 locus assumes an active topology when enhancer-promoter contacts are required for transcription and that its promoter generates consistent transcription levels across different alleles. Finally, we show that changes in 3D chromatin structure and enhancer-promoter contacts are not the result of Pitx1 transcriptional activity. In summary, our work shows that variation in enhancer-promoter interactions can lead to pathogenic locus activation in variable proportions of cells which, in turn, define phenotypic severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bompadre, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouco, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauseo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerard-Millet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kmita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.04.582675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Liebenberg syndrome severity arises from variations in Pitx1 locus topology and ectopically transcribing cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling spatial contrast sensitivity in responses of primate retinal ganglion cells to natural movies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the vertebrate retina, often display nonlinear summation of visual signals over their receptive fields. This creates sensitivity to spatial contrast, letting the cells respond to spatially structured visual stimuli even when no net change in overall illumination of the receptive field occurs. Yet, computational models of ganglion cell responses are often based on linear receptive fields, and typical nonlinear extensions, which separate receptive fields into nonlinearly combined subunits, are often cumbersome to fit to experimental data. Previous work has suggested to model spatial-contrast sensitivity in responses to flashed images by combining signals from the mean and variance of light intensity inside the receptive field. Here, we extend and adjust this spatial contrast model for application to spatiotemporal stimulation and explore its performance on spiking responses that we recorded from ganglion cells of marmosets under artificial and naturalistic movies. We show how the model can be fitted to experimental data and that it outperforms common models with linear spatial integration to different degrees for different types of ganglion cells. Finally, we use the model framework to infer the cells spatial scale of nonlinear spatial integration. Our work shows that the spatial contrast model can capture aspects of nonlinear spatial integration in the primate retina with only few free parameters. The model can be used to assess the cells functional properties under natural stimulation and provides a simple-to-obtain benchmark for comparison with more detailed nonlinear encoding models.

Author SummaryOur visual experience depends on the retinas remarkable ability to detect light patterns and contrast in the world around us. Retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina, modulate their activity based on signals within small, specific regions of the visual scene, called their receptive fields. But many cells do not only encode overall brightness, summed linearly across the receptive field, but are also sensitive to local spatial contrast, that is, variations in brightness within the receptive field. Computational models that account for this nonlinear spatial integration exist, but require large amounts of data and are challenging to fit. We therefore developed the spatial contrast model, which takes a simple measure of light-intensity variations as an input, and tested it on measured responses of primate retinal ganglion cells to both artificial and naturalistic movies. The model substantially outperformed standard models with linear receptive fields, despite having only one additional tunable parameter. Furthermore, we used the model to investigate the spatial scale at which the cells integrate spatial contrast and found striking consistency across cell types. The spatial contrast model thus offers a practical tool for capturing retinal stimulus encoding and a simple-to-obtain benchmark for modeling nonlinear spatial integration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sridhar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vystrcilova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khani, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karamanlis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreyer, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krueppel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapp, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mietsch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollisch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.05.583449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling spatial contrast sensitivity in responses of primate retinal ganglion cells to natural movies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.07.583904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differentiating specific and non-specific protein-metabolite interactions using gradient open port probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.07.583904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) using nano ESI or desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) has been widely used to study interactions between macromolecules and ligands, usually protein-metabolite interactions (PMIs). In MS spectra the charge state distributions (CSD) of proteins differ between native and non-native conditions and based on this, we report a method that can differentiate specific protein-metabolite interactions from non-specific binding. Our approach is based on a 3D-printed open port probe electrospray system (gOPP-ESI) using mobile phase gradients (aqueous to methanol) for the ionization of protein/protein-metabolite complex. Notably, we found that a true protein-metabolite complex is more resistant to the denaturing effect of methanol compared to the free protein. This is corroborated by the observation that forming high charge states of protein-metabolite complexes requires higher proportions of methanol than free protein while, for non-specific complexes, there is no obvious difference in the CSD. Therefore, by comparing the changes in the CSD of free protein and protein-metabolite complex versus the increase of methanol, we can distinguish metabolites that specifically interact with the target protein. The approach is evaluated with well-characterized protein-ligand pairs, and we confirmed that cytidine phosphates, N, N', N''-triacetylchitotriose, and fluvastatin are specific ligands for ribonuclease A, lysozyme, and beta-lactoglobulin respectively. However, cytidine-5-triphosphate (CTP) interacts non-specifically with lysozyme and beta-lactoglobulin. We believe that after first-round native-MS assays to identify which metabolites cause mass shifts to the free protein, the gOPP-ESI-MS could be used as a quick second-round check to exclude non-specific binding and discover metabolites truly interacting with the protein of interest, reducing the number of candidates for subsequent validation experiments.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=93 SRC="FIGDIR/small/583904v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopfgartner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.07.583904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differentiating specific and non-specific protein-metabolite interactions using gradient open port probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.08.584121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation of the mPFC-NAc pathway reduces motor impulsivity but does not affect risk-related decision-making in innately high-impulsive rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.08.584121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUD) are characterized by exacerbated motor and risk-related impulsivities, which are associated with decreased cortical activity. In rodents, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been separately implicated in impulsive behaviors, but studies on the specific role of the mPFC-NAc pathway in these behaviors are limited. Here, we investigated whether heightened impulsive behaviors are associated with reduced mPFC activity in rodents, and determined the involvement of the mPFC-NAc pathway in motor and risk-related impulsivities. We used the Roman High- (RHA) and Low-Avoidance (RLA) rat lines, which display divergent phenotypes in impulsivity. To investigate alterations in cortical activity in relation to impulsivity, regional brain glucose metabolism was measured using positron emission tomography and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG). Using chemogenetics, the activity of the mPFC-NAc pathway was either selectively activated in high-impulsive RHA rats or inhibited in low-impulsive RLA rats, and the effects of these manipulations on motor and risk-related impulsivity were concurrently assessed using the rat gambling task. We showed that basal [18F]FDG uptake was lower in the mPFC and NAc of RHA compared to RLA rats. Activation of the mPFC-NAc pathway in RHA rats reduced motor impulsivity, without affecting risk-related decision-making. Conversely, inhibition of the mPFC-NAc pathway had no effect in RLA rats. Our results suggest that the mPFC-NAc pathway controls motor impulsivity, but has limited involvement in risk-related decision-making. Our findings suggest that reducing fronto-striatal activity may help attenuate motor impulsivity in patients with impulse control dysregulation like ADHD or SUD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arrondeau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uruena-Mendez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchessaux, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goutaudier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginovart, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.08.584121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation of the mPFC-NAc pathway reduces motor impulsivity but does not affect risk-related decision-making in innately high-impulsive rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.10.584287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interplay of actin nematodynamics and anisotropic tension controls endothelial mechanics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.10.584287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood vessels expand and contract actively, while continuously experiencing dynamic external stresses from the blood flow. The mechanical response of the vessel wall is that of a composite material: its mechanical properties depend on a diverse set of cellular mechanical components, which change dynamically as cells respond to external stress. Mapping the relationship between these underlying cellular processes and emergent tissue mechanics is an on-going challenge, in particular in endothelial cells. Here we use a microstretcher mimicking the native environment of blood vessels to assess both the mechanics and cellular dynamics of an endothelial tube in response to a physiological increase in luminal pressure. The characterization of the instantaneous monolayer elasticity reveals a strain-stiffening, actin-dependent and substrate-responsive behavior. In response to a maintained pressure increase, the tissue displays a fluid-like expansion, accompanied by the reorientation of cell shape and of actin fibers. This actin-driven reorientation depends on focal adhesions and adherens junctions, two key mechanosensors. We introduce a mechanical model coupling actin fiber nematodynamics with active and elastic tension generation by actin fibers in the endothelium, which recapitulates the response to pressure of endothelial tubes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dessalles, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuny, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutillon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salipante, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babataheri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barakat, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.10.584287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interplay of actin nematodynamics and anisotropic tension controls endothelial mechanics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.11.584465v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Dsc ubiquitin ligase complex identifies transmembrane degrons to degrade orphaned proteins at the Golgi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.11.584465v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Golgi apparatus is essential for protein sorting, yet its quality control mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that the Dsc ubiquitin ligase complex, particularly the rhomboid pseudo-protease subunit, Dsc2, assesses the hydrophobic length of -helical transmembrane domains (TMDs) at the Golgi. Thereby the Dsc complex interacts with orphaned ER and Golgi proteins that have shorter TMDs and ubiquitinates them for targeted degradation. Some Dsc substrates will be K63 polyubiquitinated for ESCRT dependent vacuolar degradation or K48 polyubiquitinated for endosome and Golgi associated proteasomal degradation (EGAD). Other Dsc substrates are exclusively extracted by Cdc48 for EGAD. The accumulation of Dsc substrates entails a specific increase in glycerophospholipids with shorter and asymmetric fatty acyl chains. Hence, the Dsc complex mediates the selective degradation of orphaned proteins at the sorting center of cells, which prevents their spreading across other organelles and thus preserves cellular membrane protein and lipid composition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weyer, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwabl, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widerin, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niedrist, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tettamanti, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weys, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liedl, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.11.584465</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Dsc ubiquitin ligase complex identifies transmembrane degrons to degrade orphaned proteins at the Golgi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociable Roles of the mPFC-to-VTA Pathway in the Control of Impulsive Action and Risk-Related Decision-Making in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Impulsivity is a multidimensional trait associated with various psychiatric disorders including drug abuse. Impulsivity facets, such as impulsive action and risk-related decision-making (RDM), have been associated with reduced frontocortical activity and alterations in dopamine function in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, despite direct projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the VTA, the specific role of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in the control of impulsive behaviors remains unexplored. Here, we used Positron Emission Tomography with [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose to evaluate brain metabolic activity in Roman High-(RHA) and Low-avoidance (RLA) rats, which exhibit innate differences in impulsivity. Notably, we used a viral-based intersectional chemogenetic strategy to isolate, for the first time, the role of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in controlling impulsive behaviors. We selectively activated the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in RHAs and inhibited it in RLAs, and assessed the effects on impulsive action and RDM in the rat gambling task. Our results showed that RHA rats displayed higher impulsive action, less optimal decision-making, and lower cortical activity than RLA rats at baseline. Chemogenetic activation of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway reduced impulsive action in RHAs, whereas chemogenetic inhibition had the opposite effect in RLAs. However, these manipulations did not affect RDM. Thus, by specifically and bidirectionally targeting the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in a phenotype-dependent way, we were able to revert innate patterns of impulsive action, but not RDM. Our findings suggest a dissociable role of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in impulsive action and RDM, highlighting its potential as a target for investigating impulsivity-related disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uruena-Mendez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrondeau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchessaux, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goutaudier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginovart, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.13.584562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociable Roles of the mPFC-to-VTA Pathway in the Control of Impulsive Action and Risk-Related Decision-Making in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurodevelopmentally rooted epicenters in schizophrenia: sensorimotor-association spatial axis of cortical thickness alterations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathologic perturbations in schizophrenia have been suggested to propagate via the functional and structural connectome across the lifespan. Yet how the connectome guides early cortical reorganization of developing schizophrenia remains unknown. Here, we used early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) as a neurodevelopmental disease model to investigate putative early pathologic origins that propagate through the functional and structural connectome. We compared 95 patients with antipsychotic-naive first-episode EOS and 99 typically developing controls (7-17 years of age, 120 females). Whereas patients showed widespread cortical thickness reductions, thickness increases were observed in primary cortical areas. Using normative connectomics models, we found that epicenters of thickness reductions were situated in association regions linked to language, affective, and cognitive functions, while epicenters of increased thickness in EOS were located in sensorimotor regions subserving visual, somatosensory, and motor functions. Using post-mortem transcriptomic data of six donors, we observed that the epicenter map differentiated oligodendrocyte-related transcriptional changes at its sensory apex and the association end was related to expression of excitatory/inhibitory neurons. More generally, we observed that the epicenter map was associated with neurodevelopmental disease gene dysregulation and human accelerated region genes, suggesting potential shared genetic determinants across various neurodevelopmental disorders. Taken together, our results underscore the developmentally rooted pathologic origins of schizophrenia and their transcriptomic overlap with other neurodevelopmental diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hettwer, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valk, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.13.584752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurodevelopmentally rooted epicenters in schizophrenia: sensorimotor-association spatial axis of cortical thickness alterations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.17.585426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deep profile of gene expression across 18 human cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.17.585426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clinically and biologically valuable information may reside untapped in large cancer gene expression data sets. Deep unsupervised learning has the potential to extract this information with unprecedented efficacy but has thus far been hampered by a lack of biological interpretability and robustness. Here, we present DeepProfile, a comprehensive framework that addresses current challenges in applying unsupervised deep learning to gene expression profiles. We use DeepProfile to learn low-dimensional latent spaces for 18 human cancers from 50,211 transcriptomes. DeepProfile outperforms existing dimensionality reduction methods with respect to biological interpretability. Using DeepProfile interpretability methods, we show that genes that are universally important in defining the latent spaces across all cancer types control immune cell activation, while cancer type-specific genes and pathways define molecular disease subtypes. By linking DeepProfile latent variables to secondary tumor characteristics, we discover that tumor mutation burden is closely associated with the expression of cell cycle-related genes. DNA mismatch repair and MHC class II antigen presentation pathway expression, on the other hand, are consistently associated with patient survival. We validate these results through Kaplan-Meier analyses and nominate tumor-associated macrophages as an important source of survival-correlated MHC class II transcripts. Our results illustrate the power of unsupervised deep learning for discovery of cancer biology from existing gene expression data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dincer, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janizek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pittet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naxerova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.17.585426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deep profile of gene expression across 18 human cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.21.585773v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trace Amines are Essential Metabolites for the Autocrine Regulation of β-Cell Signaling and Insulin Secretion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.21.585773v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Secretion of insulin in response to extracellular stimuli, such as elevated glucose levels and small molecules that act on G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), is the hallmark of {beta}-cell physiology. Trace amines (TAs) are small aromatic metabolites that were identified as low-abundant ligands of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) in the central nervous system (CNS), a GPCR that is also expressed by pancreatic {beta}-cells. In the present work, we identify TAs as essential autocrine signaling factors for {beta}-cell activity and insulin secretion. We find that {beta}-cells are producing TAs in significant amounts and that the modulation of endogenous TA levels by the selective inhibition of TA biosynthetic pathways directly translated into changes of oscillations of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i oscillations) and insulin secretion. Selective TAAR1 agonists or inhibitors of monoamine oxidases increased [Ca2+]i oscillations and insulin secretion. Opposite effects were mediated by selective TAAR1 antagonists, by recombinant monoamine oxidase action and by the inhibition of amino acid decarboxylase. As the modulation of TA biochemical pathways immediately translated into changes of [Ca2+]i oscillations, we inferred high metabolic turnover rates of TAs and autocrine feedback. We found that psychotropic drugs modulate [Ca2+]i oscillations and insulin secretion, either directly acting on TAAR1 or by altering endogenous TA levels. Our combined data support the hypothesis of TAs as essential autocrine signaling factors for {beta}-cell activity and insulin secretion as well as TAAR1 as an important mediator of amine-modulated insulin secretion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keutler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laguerre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreu-Carbo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rada, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yushchenko, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.21.585773</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trace Amines are Essential Metabolites for the Autocrine Regulation of β-Cell Signaling and Insulin Secretion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.585864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal constraints on enhancer usage shape the regulation of limb gene transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.585864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Repertoires of transcriptional enhancers orchestrate gene expression during embryonic development, thereby shaping the forms and functions of organs. Within these repertoires individual enhancers display spatially distinct or overlapping activities that collectively build up the expression domain of cognate genes. However, the temporal specificity of these enhancers - how their activities change over developmental time to dynamically influence gene expression - remains uncharacterized. Here, we observed that temporally restricted enhancer repertoires are embedded at numerous loci associated with mouse limb development. To monitor how such enhancer repertoires govern gene transcription in vivo across extensive developmental periods, we introduce the regulatory trajectory framework. This paradigm conceptually involves transcriptional initiation, marking the beginning of gene expression, followed by its maintenance over time, and ultimately decommissioning, leading to gene repression. To track and sort cells undergoing these distinct phases, we devised a transgenic recorder approach at the Shox2 model locus. Through this method, we discovered that cells maintaining Shox2 transcription in early and late limb development relies on distinct, temporally restricted enhancer repertoires. We demonstrate that eliminating early-or late-acting enhancers only transiently affects Shox2 expression indicating that these enhancer repertoires function independently. Additionally, we found that changes in the 3D topology of the locus associate with enhancer activities and that a rapid loss of enhancer-promoter contacts occurs during decommissioning. Finally, we show that the decommissioning of the Shox2 locus can be actively driven by Hoxd13, a gene which expression is known to antagonize Shox2. Overall, our work uncovers the dependency of developmental genes on enhancers with temporally restricted activities to generate complex expression patterns over time and shed light on the dynamics of enhancer-promoter interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rouco, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauseo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bompadre, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.22.585864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal constraints on enhancer usage shape the regulation of limb gene transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.24.586442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EVOLUTIONARY CO-OPTION OF AN ANCESTRAL CLOACAL REGULATORY LANDSCAPE DURING THE EMERGENCE OF DIGITS AND GENITALS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.24.586442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transition from fins to limbs has been a rich source of discussion for more than a century. One open and important issue is understanding how the mechanisms that pattern digits arose during vertebrate evolution. In this context, the analysis of Hox gene expression and functions to infer evolutionary scenarios has been a productive approach to explain the changes in organ formation, particularly in limbs. In tetrapods, the transcription of Hoxd genes in developing digits depends on a well-characterized set of enhancers forming a large regulatory landscape1,2. This control system has a syntenic counterpart in zebrafish, even though they lack bona fide digits, suggestive of deep homology3 between distal fin and limb developmental mechanisms. We tested the global function of this landscape to assess ancestry and source of limb and fin variation. In contrast to results in mice, we show here that the deletion of the homologous control region in zebrafish has a limited effect on the transcription of hoxd genes during fin development. However, it fully abrogates hoxd expression within the developing cloaca, an ancestral structure related to the mammalian urogenital sinus. We show that similar to the limb, Hoxd gene function in the urogenital sinus of the mouse also depends on enhancers located in this same genomic domain. Thus, we conclude that the current regulation underlying Hoxd gene expression in distal limbs was co-opted in tetrapods from a preexisting cloacal program. The orthologous chromatin domain in fishes may illustrate a rudimentary or partial step in this evolutionary co-option.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hintermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolt, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansour, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shubin, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.24.586442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EVOLUTIONARY CO-OPTION OF AN ANCESTRAL CLOACAL REGULATORY LANDSCAPE DURING THE EMERGENCE OF DIGITS AND GENITALS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.25.586385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nonadjacent Dependencies and Syntactic Structure of Chimpanzee Action During a Natural Tool-Use Task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.25.586385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hierarchical organization of sequential behaviour, and the ability to compensate for nonadjacent sequential dependencies, are fundamental and interrelated abilities supporting complex human behaviours, including language and tool use. To understand how the cognition underlying these structural properties of human behaviour evolved, we can gain valuable insight from studying the sequential behaviours of nonhuman animals. Among the behaviours of nonhuman apes, tool use has been hypothesised to be a domain of behaviour which likely involves hierarchical organization. However thus far, evidence supporting this hypothesis comes from methodologies which have been criticised in their objectivity. Additionally, the extent to which nonadjacent dependencies appear in primate action sequences during tool use has not been formally investigated. We used estimations of mutual information (MI) - a measure of dependency strength between sequence elements - to evaluate both the extent to which wild chimpanzees produce nonadjacent dependencies during a naturalistic tool-use task (nut cracking), as well as how sequences of actions are organized during tool use. Half of adult chimpanzees produce nonadjacent dependencies at significantly greater sequential distances than comparable, nonhierarchical Markov models, including when repeated actions had been accounted for. Additionally, for the majority of chimpanzees, MI decay with increasing sequential distance included a power-law relationship, which is a key indicator that most chimpanzees draw upon forms of hierarchical structuring when organizing behaviours during tool use. Our analysis offered the greatest support for a system of organization which involved the production of short subroutines of actions (2-8 actions), which are hierarchically arranged into sequences - a finding which is consistent with previous qualitative descriptions of ape tool-use behaviours. Interindividual variability was detected within our analysis in both the distance dependencies were detected, and the most likely structuring mechanism for sequential action organization. We discuss these results in light of possible interindividual variation, in addition to methodological considerations for applications of MI estimations to sequential behaviours. Moreover, we discuss our main findings alongside hypotheses for the coevolution of complex syntax in language and tool-action across hominin evolutionary history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Howard-Spink, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuzawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schofield, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.25.586385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nonadjacent Dependencies and Syntactic Structure of Chimpanzee Action During a Natural Tool-Use Task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arp2/3-dependent actin assembly shapes endosomes and promotes intracellular trafficking in fission yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endosomes serve as crucial sorting centres that streamline the distribution of cell surface proteins. The early endosome receives traffic from both the plasma membrane (PM) and the Golgi, and orchestrates the redistribution of cargoes for recycling to the PM or through retrograde movement to the Golgi, and for degradation to late endosomes and lysosomes 1. In animal cells and amoebae, Arp2/3-mediated F-actin assembly plays critical roles in many aspects of endosome function, from capturing cargo to generating the forces required for membrane deformation and creating cargo-enriched transport carriers, thus promoting both recycling and degradative trafficking routes 2. Yeast models, which allowed dissection of the major membrane trafficking routes 3, exhibit highly simplified endosomes, as shown in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where the trans-Golgi network (TGN) functions as recycling endosome 4. Furthermore, there is no reported role for Arp2/3 or F-actin in endomembrane remodelling; in fact, the Arp2/3 activators on animal endosomes - the WASH complex promoting recycling of transmembrane receptors towards the PM or TGN 5,6, and Annexin A2 necessary for endosome maturation and the movement of cargoes towards the degradative pathway 7 - do not exist in yeast cells 8,9. Here, we report that Arp2/3 and F-actin are present on fission yeast endosomes. Through live-imaging and correlative light-electron tomography, we demonstrate that Arp2/3 activity controls endosomal morphology and that this activity is essential for trafficking from the endosome to the degradative vacuole. Thus, Arp2/3-dependent actin assembly has a deeply conserved role in shaping and promoting the function of the endomembrane trafficking system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Melero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muriel-Lopez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basante-Bedoya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.28.587130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arp2/3-dependent actin assembly shapes endosomes and promotes intracellular trafficking in fission yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Use of Protein interactions from Imaging Complexes after Translocation (PICT) to characterise in situ the spatial configuration of proteins interacting with the exocyst 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the structure of the exocyst has been successfully resolved by cryo-electron microscopy, multiple studies showed that exocyst function requires the transient interaction with additional proteins. Unfortunately, the exocyst-interacting network could not be collectively reconstituted, challenging the understanding of how the exocyst complex is coordinated within the network of proteins involved in exocytosis. In a previous work, we described an approach that combines Protein interactions from Imaging Complexes after Translocation (PICT) and centroid localization analysis of diffraction-limited fluorescence signals to estimate the distance between a labelled protein and a spatial reference. This approach allows resolving the spatial organisation of protein interactions directly in living cells, both for intra-complex (i.e. between exocyst subunits) and inter-complex (i.e. between exocyst and transient binding proteins) interactions. In this chapter, we present the protocol to reproduce the sample preparation and image acquisition for PICT experiments. We also describe the computational image analysis pipeline to estimate the distance in PICT experiments. As illustration of the approach, we measure the distance from the spatial reference where the exocyst is anchored to 1) an intra-complex interaction (i.e. Sec5 exocyst subunit) and 2) an inter-complex interaction (Sec2, a guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor mediating vesicle tethering).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chinchilla Hernandez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betancur Ocampo, L. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallego, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.28.587178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Use of Protein interactions from Imaging Complexes after Translocation (PICT) to characterise in situ the spatial configuration of proteins interacting with the exocyst]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An evolutionary cell biology perspective into the diverging mechanisms of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in dikarya fungi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is an ancient eukaryotic trafficking pathway, which transports plasma membrane and associated cargo into the cell and is involved in numerous cell- and tissue-level processes. Cargo selection and clathrin-coated vesicle formation is mediated by over 60 proteins that assemble in a regular and sequential manner at the plasma membrane. Decades of endocytosis studies have followed the tenet that uncovering the conserved core molecular mechanisms is sufficient to understand a cellular process. However, this approach also revealed a number of cell type or species-related variations that challenge a universal conserved, core mechanism. In this paper, we refocus on the endocytic diversity to understand how evolution shapes endocytic mechanisms. We define a comparative evolutionary cell biology approach that uses dikarya fungi as a model clade and live-cell fluorescence microscopy to study endocytosis dynamics in three species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Ustilago maydis. Our results quantitatively define several phenotypic differences between the species. We uncover several differences that impact the endocytic early phase, the protein assembly order, actin regulation, membrane invagination and scission. These findings demonstrate a mosaic evolution of endocytic traits, suggest ancestral states and direction of changes. We also investigate the phenotypic plasticity and robustness against environmental conditions. Lastly, we demonstrate that relatively minor evolutionary changes can majorly impact endocytic phenotypes. These studies force an appreciation of endocytic variation as not auxiliary, but vital to mechanistic understanding of this conserved cellular pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Picco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toret, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivier-Cordey, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.28.587219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An evolutionary cell biology perspective into the diverging mechanisms of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in dikarya fungi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.587639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatory Functional Landscape of the HMX1 Gene for Normal Ear Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.587639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancers, through the combinatorial action of transcription factors (TFs), dictate both the spatial specificity and the levels of gene expression, and their aberrations can result in diseases. The association between HMX1 and its downstream enhancer with ear deformities has been previously documented. However, the pathogenic variations and molecular mechanisms underlying the bilateral constricted ear (BCE) malformations remain unclear. This study identifies a copy number variation (CNV) encompassing three enhancers that induces BCE. These enhancers, collectively termed the positional identity hierarchical enhancer cluster (PI-HEC), co-regulate spatiotemporal expression of the HMX1 gene in a coordinated and synergistic mode, each displaying unique activity-location-structure characteristics. A thorough exploration of this regulatory locus reveals that specific motif clusters within the PI-HEC variably modulate its activity and specificity, with the high mobility group (HMG) box combined with Coordinator and homeodomain (HD)-TFs notably influencing them respectively. Our findings based on various types of mouse models, reveal that both aberrant Hmx1 expression in the fibroblasts of the basal pinna, originating from neural crest cells, and ectopic expression in the distal pinna structures contribute to the abnormal development of the outer ear, including the cartilage, muscle, and epidermis tissues. This study deepens our understanding of mammalian ear morphogenesis and sheds light on the complexity of gene expression regulation by enhancers and specific sequence motifs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonarakis, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.01.587639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatory Functional Landscape of the HMX1 Gene for Normal Ear Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.587665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mTORC1-dependent SOCE activity regulates synaptic gene expression and muscle response to denervation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.01.587665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) instability is central in muscle dysfunction occurring in neuromuscular disorders and aging. NMJ maintenance requires regionalized regulation of synaptic genes, previously associated with Ca2+-dependent pathways. However, what sustains Ca2+ micro-domains in myofibers and allows a rapid response to denervation is not known. Here, we identify that Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) plays a critical role in synaptic gene regulation. SOCE components show differential enrichment in sub- and non-synaptic muscle regions. Especially, STIM1 accumulation at rough endoplasmic reticulum associates with functional SOCE at the endplate. Denervation increases SOCE in non- and sub-synaptic regions, together with reticulum remodeling. Stim1 knockdown hampers denervation-induced synaptic gene up-regulation, while STIM1 overexpression increases synaptic gene expression in innervated muscle. Finally, mTORC1 activation mimics the effect of denervation on SOCE capacity, STIM1 localization and reticulum remodeling. Together, our results reveal a decisive role of SOCE in sensing innervation and regulating muscle response to denervation. They further suggest that SOCE perturbation may contribute to neuromuscular integrity loss in pathological conditions associated with mTORC1 dysregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupont, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajendran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabry, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castets, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.01.587665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mTORC1-dependent SOCE activity regulates synaptic gene expression and muscle response to denervation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A disease-associated PPP2R3C-MAP3K1 phospho-regulatory module controls centrosome function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrosomes have critical roles in microtubule organization and in cell signaling.1-8 However, the mechanisms that regulate centrosome function are not fully defined, and thus how defects in centrosomal regulation contribute to disease is incompletely understood. From functional genomic analyses, we find here that PPP2R3C, a PP2A phosphatase subunit, is a distal centriole protein and functional partner of centriolar proteins CEP350 and FOP. We further show that a key function of PPP2R3C is to counteract the kinase activity of MAP3K1. In support of this model, MAP3K1 knockout suppresses growth defects caused by PPP2R3C inactivation, and MAP3K1 and PPP2R3C have opposing effects on basal and microtubule stress-induced JNK signaling. Illustrating the importance of balanced MAP3K1 and PPP2R3C activities, acute overexpression of MAP3K1 severely inhibits centrosome function and triggers rapid centriole disintegration. Additionally, inactivating PPP2R3C mutations and activating MAP3K1 mutations both cause congenital syndromes characterized by gonadal dysgenesis.9-15 As a syndromic PPP2R3C variant is defective in centriolar localization and binding to centriolar protein FOP, we propose that imbalanced activity of this centrosomal kinase-phosphatase pair is the shared cause of these disorders. Thus, our findings reveal a new centrosomal phospho-regulatory module, shed light on disorders of gonadal development, and illustrate the power of systems genetics to identify previously unrecognized gene functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ganga, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubio-Ramos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishop, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breslow, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.02.587836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A disease-associated PPP2R3C-MAP3K1 phospho-regulatory module controls centrosome function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.07.588449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring new nanopore sensors from the aerolysin family 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.07.588449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aerolysin-like proteins are a family of {beta}-pore-forming toxins which are widely present in all kingdoms of life. Recently, this family of proteins is gaining attention because of their biotechnological application as nanopore sensors for sensing and sequencing of biomolecules. Here, we explore the possibilities of using the knowledge of the sequence and structure of proteins to screen and explore new potential nanopore candidates. However, in spite of the conserved structural fold, the sequence identity in this family is very low. This complicates their sequence alignment, hindering the understanding of their pore structure and properties, therefore limiting further biotechnological applications. In an attempt to further understand the properties of aerolysin-like pores, we analyzed the pore structure of three family members, Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX), Laetiporus sulphureus lectin (LSL) and Bacillus thuringiensis parasporin-2, comparing it to aerolysin. Their structure and sensing capabilities for ssDNA were first assessed by in silico methods. Moreover, ETX was characterized experimentally in planar lipid membranes for the detection of biomolecules. We found that ETX can form three distinct pore conformations, each presenting a specific open pore current, and only one of them being able to translocate ssDNA. When the ssDNA translocate through ETX, the depth of current blockage is higher compared to aerolysin which indicates a higher sensitivity for molecular sensing. Our findings open a new venue for improving and diversifying nanopore capabilities for molecular sensing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cirauqui Diaz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bada Juarez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meireles, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bokori-Brown, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcaida, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dal Peraro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.07.588449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring new nanopore sensors from the aerolysin family]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.07.588499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Topology changes of the regenerating Hydra define actin nematic defects as mechanical organizers of morphogenesis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.07.588499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractHydra is named after the mythological animal for its regenerative capabilities, but contrary to its mythological counterpart, it only regenerates one head when cut. Here we show that soft compression of head regenerating tissues induces the regeneration of viable, two headed animals. Topological defects in the supracellular nematic organization of actin were previously correlated with the new head regeneration site1. Soft compression creates new topological defects associated with additional heads. To test the necessity of topological defects in head regeneration, we changed the topology of the tissue. By compressing the head regenerating tissues along their body axis, topological defects of the foot and of the regenerating head fused together, forming a toroid with no defects. Perfectly ordered toroids did not regenerate over eight days and eventually disintegrated. Spheroids made from excised body column tissue partially lose their actin order during regeneration. Compression of spheroids generated toroids with actin defects. These tissues regenerated into toroidal animals with functional head and foot, and a bifurcated body. Our results show that topological defects in the actin order are necessary to shape the head of the regenerating Hydra, supporting the notion that actin topological defects are mechanical organizers of morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ravichandran, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearce, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.07.588499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Topology changes of the regenerating Hydra define actin nematic defects as mechanical organizers of morphogenesis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.588666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glutamylation imbalance leads to photoreceptor degeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.588666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The stereotypic structure of microtubules, assembled from conserved /{beta}-tubulin dimers is subject to a complex diversity of Post-translational Modifications (PTMs). PTMs are predicted to fine-tune microtubule properties and interactions with other proteins, thus allowing microtubules to perform specific functions. Cilia accumulate several types of tubulin PTMs, such as polyglutamylation, polyglycylation, detyrosination and acetylation, whose functions are not yet fully understood. Recently, mutations of AGBL5, coding for the deglutamylating enzyme CCP5, have been associated to retinitis pigmentosa, suggesting that perturbation of polyglutamylation leads to the degeneration of photoreceptor cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this degeneration remain unknown. Here, using super-resolution Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy in mouse and human photoreceptor cells, we found that most tubulin PTMs are accumulated at the level of the connecting cilium, a structure linking the outer and inner segments of photoreceptor cells. Using mouse models with increased glutamylation (Ccp5-/- and Ccp1-/-), or loss of tubulin acetylation (Atat1-/-), we demonstrated that aberrant glutamylation, but not loss of acetylation, resulted in perturbed molecular architecture of the outer segment, with the loss of the bulge region and destabilization of the distal axoneme. Concurrently, we observed a substantial impairment in tubulin glycylation and intraflagellar transport. Altogether our results indicate that glutamylation plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the molecular architecture of the outer segment and point to tubulin PTM imbalance as possible culprit in retinal degeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mercey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadadhar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magiera, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebrun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostic, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moulin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arsenijevic, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.09.588666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glutamylation imbalance leads to photoreceptor degeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.588866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebro-spinal somatotopic organization uncoveredthrough functional connectivity mapping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.588866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatotopy, the topographical arrangement of sensorimotor pathways corresponding to distinct body parts, is a fundamental feature of the human central nervous system (CNS). Traditionally, investigations into brain and spinal cord somatotopy have been conducted independently, primarily utilizing body stimulations or movements. To date, however, no study has probed the somatotopic arrangement of cerebro-spinal functional connections in vivo in humans. In this study, we used simultaneous brain and cervical spinal cord functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate how the coordinated activities of these two CNS levels at rest can reveal their shared somatotopy. Using functional connectivity analyses, we mapped preferential correlation patterns between each spinal cord segment and distinct brain regions, revealing a somatotopic gradient within the cortical sensorimotor network. We then validated this large-scale somatotopic organization through a complementary data-driven analysis, where we effectively identified spinal cord segments through the connectivity profiles of their voxels with the sensorimotor cortex. These findings underscore the potential of resting-state cerebro-spinal cord fMRI to probe the large-scale organization of the human sensorimotor system with minimal experimental burden, holding promise for gaining a more comprehensive understanding of normal and impaired somatosensory-motor functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Landelle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinany, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Leener, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lungu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchand-Pauvert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.11.588866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebro-spinal somatotopic organization uncoveredthrough functional connectivity mapping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Soluble αβ-tubulins reversibly sequester TTC5 to regulate tubulin mRNA decay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubules, built from heterodimers of - and {beta}-tubulins, control cell shape, mediate intracellular transport and power cell division. The concentration of {beta}-tubulins is tightly controlled through a post-transcriptional mechanism involving selective and regulated degradation of tubulin-encoding mRNAs. Degradation is initiated by TTC5, which recognizes tubulin-synthesizing ribosomes and recruits downstream effectors to trigger mRNA deadenylation. Here, we have investigated how cells regulate TTC5 activity. Biochemical and structural proteomic approaches reveal that under normal conditions, soluble {beta}-tubulins bind to and sequester TTC5, preventing it from engaging nascent tubulins at translating ribosomes. We identify the flexible C-terminal tail of TTC5 as a molecular switch, toggling between soluble {beta}-tubulin-bound and nascent tubulin-bound states. Loss of sequestration by soluble {beta}-tubulins constitutively activates TTC5, leading to diminished tubulin mRNA levels and compromised microtubule-dependent chromosome segregation during cell division. Our findings provide a paradigm for how cells regulate the activity of a specificity factor to adapt posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression to cellular needs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Batiuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Höpfler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>En-Jie, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vartholomaiou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegde, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.12.589224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Soluble αβ-tubulins reversibly sequester TTC5 to regulate tubulin mRNA decay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.14.589417v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Refined mechanism of promoter Nucleosome-Depleted Regions resetting after replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.14.589417v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication disrupts chromatin organization. Thus, the rapid resetting of nucleosome positioning is essential to maintain faithful gene expression. The initial step of this reconfiguration occurs at Nucleosome-Depleted Regions (NDRs). While studies have elucidated the role of Transcription Factors (TFs) and Chromatin Remodelers (CRs) in vitro or in maintaining NDRs in vivo, none has addressed their in vivo function shortly after replication. Through purification of nascent chromatin in yeast, we dissected the choreography of events governing the proper positioning of the -1/+1 nucleosomes flanking promoter NDRs. Our findings reveal that CRs are the primary contributors of -1/+1 repositioning post-replication, with RSC acting upstream of INO80. Surprisingly, while Reb1 and Abf1 TFs are not essential for NDR resetting, they are required for NDR maintenance via the promotion of H3 acetylations. Altogether, we propose a two-step model for NDR resetting in S. cerevisiae: first, CRs alone reset promoter NDRs after replication, while a combination of TFs and CRs is required for subsequent maintenance.

TeaserRSC acts upstream of INO80 for NDR re-establishment after replication followed by a combined action of CRs and TFs for NDR maintenance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zencir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soudet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.14.589417</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Refined mechanism of promoter Nucleosome-Depleted Regions resetting after replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic signature of reproductive isolation between the last two remnant populations of Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana Parry) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tree species are often locally adapted to their environments, but the extent to which environmental adaptation contributes to incipient speciation is unclear. One of the rarest pines in the world, Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana Parry), persists naturally across one island and one mainland population in southern California. The two populations are morphologically and genetically differentiated, but experience some connectivity, making it an ideal system for assessing the evolution of reproductive isolation. Previous work has found evidence of heterosis in F1 mainland-island hybrids, suggesting genetic rescue could be beneficial in the absence of reproductive barriers. Using ddRADseq and GWAS for a common garden experiment of island, mainland, and F1 individuals, we identified candidate loci for environmentally-driven reproductive isolation, their function, and their relationship to fitness proxies. By simulating neutral evolution and admixture between the two populations, we identified loci that exhibited reduced heterozygosity in the F1s, evidence of selection against admixture. SNPs with reduced F1 heterozygosity were enriched for growth and pollination functions, suggesting genetic variants that could be involved in the evolution of reproductive barriers between populations. One locus with reduced F1 heterozygosity exhibited strong associations with growth and reproductive fitness proxies in the common garden, with the mainland allele conferring increased fitness. If this locus experiences divergent selection in the two natural populations, it could promote their reproductive isolation. Finally, although hybridization largely reduced allele fixation in the F1s initially, indicating heterosis is likely due to the masking of deleterious alleles, the emergence of reproductive isolation between populations may diminish the longer-term benefits of genetic rescue in F2 or advanced-generation hybrids. As Torrey pine is a candidate for interpopulation genetic rescue, caution is warranted where longer-term gene flow between diverged populations may result in reduced fitness if barriers have evolved.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Di Santo, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mead, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.15.589509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic signature of reproductive isolation between the last two remnant populations of Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana Parry)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.17.589974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient fine-tuning of endothelial gene expression by Y to Phe mutation in the VE-cadherin gene 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.17.589974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer and inflammation are associated with vascular diseases that affect endothelial cells (ECs) and alter gene expression. We aimed at understanding whether the site Y685 in the cytoplasmic domain of VE-cadherin triggers epigenetic programming in vivo. Using our knock-in mice carrying the Y685F VE-cadherin mutation, RNA sequencing from lung ECs identified 884 differentially expressed genes (DEG) involved in processes such as cell-cell adhesion, vascular development, and angiogenesis. The 30 DEGs include 22 down-regulated genes (genes encoding cell signalling enzymes, anion transport and lipid metabolism) and 8 up-regulated genes, including the endothelial-specific S1PR1. Analysis of the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway shows a significant decrease in the expression of pY1173VEGFR2 whereas VEGF remains constant, this was consistent with impaired migration, proliferation and protrusive properties of ECs in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that c-Src and Y685F-VE-cadherin association which was enhanced in KI compared to WT, resulting in increased in Y685F-VE-cadherin phosphorylation at site Y731. As a consequence, its partner {beta}-catenin translocates to the nucleus. CHIPS assay showed that FOXF1 binds to the s1pr1 promoter, leading to increased expression of the S1PR1. In vivo, in the lung vasculature, this process was associated with increased vessel wall thickness and reduced fibrosis. Overall, our findings provide a novel transcriptomic profile triggered by Y685F-VE-cadherin ECs for potential insights into therapeutic targets to envisage normalisation of the tumor vasculature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>GARNIER, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>JEANNERET, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DURAND, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FERTIN, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battail, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BERNDT, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CARPENTIER, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VILGRAIN, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.17.589974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient fine-tuning of endothelial gene expression by Y to Phe mutation in the VE-cadherin gene]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of anti-infective compounds against Mycobacterium marinum after biotransformation of simple natural stilbene scaffolds by a fungal secretome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study evaluated the efficacy of a high-throughput Dictyostelium discoideum - Mycobacterium marinum Dd-Mm infection system by first benchmarking it against a set of antibiotics and second in screening a library of natural product (NP) derivatives for anti-infective activity against intracellular Mycobacterium marinum (Mm). The study observed no activity of pyrazinamide against Mm, consistent with known resistance patterns, and confirmed other antibiotics, such as rifampicin and bedaquiline, with activity below defined antibacterial susceptibility breakpoints. From screening a small library of NP derivatives, trans-{delta}-viniferins emerged as promising anti-infective scaffolds, particularly two compounds which exhibited an anti-infective activity on Mm during infection but not on Mm in broth, 17 with an IC50 of 18.1 {micro}M, and 19 with an IC50 of 9 {micro}M). Subsequent exploration via halogenation and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the identification of derivatives with improved selectivity and potency. The observed anti-infective phenotype may involve mechanisms such as blocking mycobacterial virulence factors or boosting host defense. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of natural product-inspired derivatization approaches for drug discovery and underscores the utility of the Dd-Mm infection system in identifying novel anti-infective compounds.

IMPORTANCEThis study underscores the significance of leveraging natural product-inspired approaches and innovative infection models in search for novel anti-infective compounds. By benchmarking and employing high-throughput Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum infection system on a small, focused library of natural product derivatives, the study identified trans-{delta}-viniferins as promising anti-infective scaffolds against Mycobacterium marinum, opening potential therapeutic avenues for combating tuberculosis. The findings highlight the value of exploring nature-inspired chemistry for drug discovery and addressing global health challenges.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitschke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vossio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcourt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gindro, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queiroz, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.18.590143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of anti-infective compounds against Mycobacterium marinum after biotransformation of simple natural stilbene scaffolds by a fungal secretome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.19.590044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atypical Audio-Visual Neural Synchrony and Speech Processing in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.19.590044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) often exhibit communication difficulties that may stem from basic auditory temporal integration impairment but also be aggravated by an audio-visual integration deficit, resulting in a lack of interest in face-to-face communication. This study addresses whether speech processing anomalies in young (mean age 3.09-year-old) children with ASD are associated with alterations of audio-visual temporal integration.

MethodsWe used high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) and eye tracking to record brain activity and gaze patterns in 31 children (6 females) with ASD and 33 typically developing (TD) children (11 females), while they watched cartoon videos. Neural responses to temporal audio-visual stimuli were analyzed using Temporal Response Functions model and phase analyses for audiovisual temporal coordination.

ResultsThe reconstructability of speech signals from auditory responses was reduced in children with ASD compared to controls, but despite more restricted gaze patterns in ASD it was similar for visual responses in both groups. Speech reception was most strongly affected when visual speech information was also present, an interference that was not seen in TD children. These differences were associated with a broader phase angle distribution (exceeding pi/2) in the EEG theta range in autistic children, signaling reduced reliability of audio-visual temporal alignment.

ConclusionThese findings show that speech processing anomalies in ASD do not stand alone and that they are associated already at a very early development stage with audio-visual imbalance with lousier auditory response encoding and disrupted audio-visual temporal coordination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.19.590044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atypical Audio-Visual Neural Synchrony and Speech Processing in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.19.590209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-term fasting remodels gut microbial metabolism and host metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.19.590209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-term fasting has become a promising research subject for its potential of treating and preventing metabolic diseases. However, little is known about its impact on the functional capacity of the gut microbiome and the combined effect on the serum metabolome. Here, we demonstrate extensive remodelling of the gut microbial ecosystem in humans (n=92) after an average of 9.8 days of fasting ([~]250 kcal / day). Fasting transiently affected the relative abundance of the majority of bacterial species (306 decreased and 210 increased out of 772). Species changes could largely be explained by their genomic repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), which were investigated here for the first time. Fasting induced extensive abundance changes in CAZyme families, depleting families with dietary fibre substrates and increasing families with host-derived glycan substrates. Likewise, we observed extensive changes in the serum metabolome, with 382 out of 721 metabolites significantly affected (246 increased and 136 decreased). In-depth metagenome-metabolome co-variation analysis suggested Oscillibacter species to be key producers of indole-3-propionic acid, a crucial metabolite for cardiometabolic health. Together, our results provide an unprecedented view on the impact of long-term fasting on gut microbiome composition and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ducarmon, Q. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grundler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannopoulou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loume, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karcher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larralde, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romano, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacArthur, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelmi de Toledo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeller, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesnage, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.19.590209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-term fasting remodels gut microbial metabolism and host metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accelerated spike-triggered non-negative matrix factorization reveals coordinated ganglion cell subunit mosaics in the primate retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A standard circuit motif in sensory systems is the pooling of sensory information from an upstream neuronal layer. A downstream neuron thereby collects signals across different locations in stimulus space, which together compose the neurons receptive field. In addition, nonlinear transformations in the signal transfer between the layers give rise to functional subunits inside the receptive field. For ganglion cells in the vertebrate retina, for example, receptive field subunits are thought to correspond to presynaptic bipolar cells. Identifying the number and locations of subunits from the stimulus-response relationship of a recorded ganglion cell has been an ongoing challenge in order to characterize the retinas functional circuitry and to build computational models that capture nonlinear signal pooling. Here we present a novel version of spike-triggered non-negative matrix factorization (STNMF), which can extract localized subunits in ganglion-cell receptive fields from recorded spiking responses under spatiotemporal white-noise stimulation. The method provides a more than 100-fold speed increase compared to a previous implementation, which can be harnessed for systematic screening of hyperparameters, such as sparsity regularization. We demonstrate the power and flexibility of this approach by analyzing populations of ganglion cells from salamander and primate retina. We find that subunits of midget as well as parasol ganglion cells in the marmoset retina form separate mosaics that tile visual space. Moreover, subunit mosaics show alignment with each other for ON and OFF midget as well as for ON and OFF parasol cells, indicating a spatial coordination of ON and OFF signals at the bipolar-cell level. Thus, STNMF can reveal organizational principles of signal transmission between successive neural layers, which are not easily accessible by other means.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zapp, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khani, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreyer, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sridhar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krueppel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mietsch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Protti, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karamanlis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollisch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.22.590506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accelerated spike-triggered non-negative matrix factorization reveals coordinated ganglion cell subunit mosaics in the primate retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stm1 regulates Ifh1 activity revealing crosstalk between ribosome biogenesis and ribosome dormancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosome abundance in changing environments is governed by biogenesis and degradation, but the underlying mechanisms regulating these opposing processes remain unknown. Here we show that Suppressor of Tom1 (Stm1), a dormancy factor protecting cytosolic ribosomes during starvation, has an unexpected function to promote ribosome biogenesis during exponential growth conditions. Indeed, Stm1 transiently localizes to the nucleolus and engages with pre-ribosomal particles. Stm1 upregulates transcription of ribosomal protein genes by directly binding the activation domain (AD) of the transcription factor Ifh1. These novel Stm1 functions confer rapamycin-sensitivity and are mediated by its C-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR), which is dispensable for ribosome hibernation. We conclude that Stm1 regulates ribosome homeostasis linking ribosome biogenesis and ribosome dormancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bianco, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonassera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uliana, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zencir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oborska-Oplova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dechant, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugener, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panse, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilhofer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimmig, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.22.590536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stm1 regulates Ifh1 activity revealing crosstalk between ribosome biogenesis and ribosome dormancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.27.591423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Wnt/β-catenin/TCF/Sp5/Zic4 gene network that regulates head organizer activity in Hydra is differentially regulated in epidermis and gastrodermis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.27.591423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Hydra, head formation depends on Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling, which positively regulates Sp5 and Zic4, with Sp5 limiting Wnt3/{beta}-catenin expression and Zic4 triggering tentacle formation. Using transgenic lines in which the HySp5 promoter drives eGFP expression in the epidermis or gastrodermis, we show that in intact animals, epidermal HySp5:GFP is expressed strongly apically and weakly along the body column, while gastrodermal HySp5:GFP is also maximally expressed apically but absent from the oral region, and remains high along the upper body column. During apical regeneration, gastrodermal HySp5:GFP appears early and diffusely, epidermal HySp5:GFP later. Upon alsterpaullone treatment, apical HySp5:GFP expression is shifted to the body column where epidermal HySp5:GFP transiently forms ectopic circular figures. After {beta}-catenin(RNAi), only epidermal HySp5:GFP is down-regulated, while pseudo-bud structures expressing gastrodermal HySp5:GFP develop. Sp5(RNAi) highlights the negative autoregulation of Sp5 in epidermis, involving direct binding of Sp5 to its own promoter as observed in human HEK293T cells. In these cells, HyZic4, which can interact with huTCF1, regulates Wnt3 negatively and Sp5 positively. This differential regulation of the Wnt/{beta}-catenin/TCF/Sp5/Zic4 network in epidermis and gastrodermis highlights distinct architectures and patterning roles in the hypostome, tentacle and body column, as well as distinct regulations in homeostatic and developmental organizers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iglesias Olle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perruchoud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, P. G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogg, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galliot, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.27.591423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Wnt/β-catenin/TCF/Sp5/Zic4 gene network that regulates head organizer activity in Hydra is differentially regulated in epidermis and gastrodermis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.30.591831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inositol pyrophosphate catabolism by three families of phosphatases controls plant growth and development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.30.591831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are nutrient messengers whose cellular concentration must be tightly regulated. Diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases (PPIP5Ks) generate the active signaling molecule 1,5-InsP8. PPIP5Ks contain additional phosphatase domains involved in PP-InsP catabolism. Plant and Fungi Atypical Dual Specificity Phosphatases (PFA-DSPs) and NUDIX phosphatases (NUDTs) also hydrolyze PP-InsPs. Here we dissect the relative contributions of the three different phosphatase families to plant PP-InsP catabolism and nutrient signaling. We report the biochemical characterization of inositol pyrophosphate phosphatases from Arabidopsis and Marchantia polymorpha. Overexpression of different PFA-DSP and NUDT enzymes affects PP-InsP levels and leads to stunted growth phenotypes in Arabidopsis. nudt17/18/21 knock-out mutants have altered PP-InsP pools and gene expression patterns, but no apparent growth defects. In contrast, Marchantia polymorpha Mppfa-dsp1ge, Mpnudt1ge and Mpvip1ge mutants display severe growth and developmental phenotypes associated with changes in cellular PP-InsP levels. Analysis of Mppfa-dsp1geand Mpvip1ge supports a role for PP-InsPs in Marchantia phosphate signaling, and additional functions in nitrate homeostasis and cell wall biogenesis. Simultaneous removal of two phosphatase activities enhances the observed growth phenotypes. Taken together, PPIP5K, PFA-DSP and NUDT inositol pyrophosphate phosphatases play important roles in growth and development by collectively shaping plant PP-InsP pools.

Author summaryOrganisms must maintain adequate levels of nutrients in their cells and tissues. One such nutrient is phosphorus, an essential building block of cell membranes, nucleic acids and energy metabolites. Plants take up phosphorus in the form of inorganic phosphate and require sufficient cellular phosphate levels to support their growth and development. It has been shown that plants and other eukaryotic organisms "measure" cellular phosphate levels using inositol pyrophosphate signaling molecules. The concentration of inositol pyrophosphates serves as a proxy for the cellular concentration of inorganic phosphate, and therefore inositol pyrophosphate synthesis and degradation must be tightly regulated. Here, we report that three different families of enzymes contribute to the degradation of inositol pyrophosphates in plants. The different phosphatases together shape cellular inositol pyrophosphate pools and thereby affect inorganic phosphate levels. Loss-of-function mutants of the different enzymes display additional defects in nitrate levels and cell wall architecture, suggesting that inositol pyrophosphates regulate cellular processes beyond inorganic phosphate homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laurent, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartsch, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rico Resendiz, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loubery, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessen, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiedler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.30.591831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inositol pyrophosphate catabolism by three families of phosphatases controls plant growth and development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.02.590528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myeloid cell networks determine reinstatement of original immune environments in recurrent ovarian cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.02.590528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunotherapy has produced disappointing results in recurrent ovarian cancer (OC). However, the prognostic value of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is largely based on the analysis of treatment-naive tumours. To understand the immunobiology of recurrent cancers, and their evolution, we profiled 170 patient-matched primary-recurrent OC samples from 69 patients of two independent cohorts. By capturing heterogeneous TIL distributions, we identified four immune phenotypes associated with differential prognosis, TILs states and TILs:myeloid networks, which dictate malignant evolution after chemotherapy and recurrence. Notably, recurrent tumours recapitulate the immunogenic patterns of original cancers. Mirroring inflamed human OC, preclinical recurrent Brca1mut tumours maintained activated TILs:dendritic cells (DCs) niches and immunostimulatory tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). Conversely, recurrent Brca1wt tumours displayed loss of TILs:DCs niches and accumulated immunosuppressive myeloid networks featuring Trem2/ApoEhigh TAMs and Nduf4l2high/Galectin3high malignant states. Our study highlights that persistent immunogenicity in recurrent OC is governed by the crosstalk between dissimilar myeloid cells and TILs, which is BRCA-dependent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghisoni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedetti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minasyan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunnea, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahr, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desbuisson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayroux, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulhan, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morotti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marin Jimenez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Carlo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chap, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spagnol, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleury, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tissot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rusakiewicz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassani-Sternberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swisher, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandalaft, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mastroyannis, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montone, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pittet, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanyi, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coukos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fotopoulou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conejo-Garcia, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dangaj Laniti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.02.590528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myeloid cell networks determine reinstatement of original immune environments in recurrent ovarian cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.02.592199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transient lagging chromosomes cause primary microcephaly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.02.592199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary microcephaly results from the impaired neuronal progenitor proliferation, causing reduced brain size and impaired cognitive abilities. Loss of the most frequently microcephaly genes, WDR62 and ASPM, slows down poleward microtubule flux and results in transient lagging chromosomes in anaphase. Whether these defects cause primary microcephaly is unknown. Here we show that transient lagging chromosomes elicit an Aurora-B-dependent activation of 53BP1 and p21, impairing cell proliferation. Co-depletion of the microtubule depolymerase inhibitor CAMSAP1/Patronin in a WDR62 depletion background, restores normal flux rates, suppresses lagging chromosomes, and allows normal cell proliferation in human cells, while rescuing the small brain and the cognitive defects in fly larvae. We postulate that transient lagging chromosomes in anaphase and 53BP1/p21-dependent response they elicit, are a major driver of primary microcephaly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doria, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraldi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.02.592199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transient lagging chromosomes cause primary microcephaly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.592871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate single domain scaffolding of three non-overlapping protein epitopes using deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.592871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
De novo protein design has seen major success in scaffolding single functional motifs, however, in nature most proteins present multiple functional sites. Here we describe an approach to simultaneously scaffold multiple functional sites in a single domain protein using deep learning. We designed small single domain immunogens, under 130 residues, that simultaneously present three distinct and irregular motifs from respiratory syncytial virus. These motifs together comprise nearly half of the designed proteins, and hence the overall folds are quite unusual with little global similarity to proteins in the PDB. Despite this, X-ray crystal structures confirm the accuracy of presentation of each of the motifs, and the multi-epitope design yields improved cross-reactive titers and neutralizing response compared to a single-epitope immunogen. The successful presentation of three distinct binding surfaces in a small single domain protein highlights the power of generative deep learning methods to solve complex protein design problems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castro, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southern, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayardulabi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgeon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosset, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correia, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.07.592871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate single domain scaffolding of three non-overlapping protein epitopes using deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.593032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Compartmental Differences in the Retinal Ganglion Cell Mitochondrial Proteome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.593032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among neurons, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are uniquely sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. The RGC is highly polarized, with a somatodendritic compartment in the inner retina and an axonal compartment projecting to targets in the brain. The drastically dissimilar functions of these compartments implies that mitochondria face different bioenergetic and other physiological demands. We hypothesized that compartmental differences in mitochondrial biology would be reflected by disparities in mitochondrial protein composition. Here, we describe a protocol to isolate intact mitochondria separately from mouse RGC somatodendritic and axonal compartments by immunoprecipitating labeled mitochondria from RGC MitoTag mice. Using mass spectrometry, 471 and 357 proteins were identified in RGC somatodendritic and axonal mitochondrial immunoprecipitates, respectively. We identified 10 mitochondrial proteins exclusively in the somatodendritic compartment and 19 enriched [&ge;]2-fold there, while 3 proteins were exclusively identified and 18 enriched in the axonal compartment. Our observation of compartment-specific enrichment of mitochondrial proteins was validated through immunofluorescence analysis of the localization and relative abundance of superoxide dismutase (SOD2), sideroflexin-3 (SFXN3) and trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha (HADHA) in retina and optic nerve specimens. The identified compartmental differences in RGC mitochondrial composition may provide promising leads for uncovering physiologically relevant pathways amenable to therapeutic intervention for optic neuropathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lewis, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skiba, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bomze, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arshavsky, V. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartoni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gospe, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.07.593032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Compartmental Differences in the Retinal Ganglion Cell Mitochondrial Proteome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A toolbox for genetic targeting of the claustrum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The claustrum (CLA), a subcortical nucleus in mammals, essentially composed of excitatory projection neurons and known for its extensive connections with the neocortex, has recently been associated with a variety of functions ranging from consciousness to impulse control. However, research on the CLA has been challenging due to difficulties in specifically and comprehensively targeting its neuronal populations. In various cases, this limitation has led to inconsistent findings and a lack of reliable data. In the present work, we describe the expression profile of the Smim32 gene, which is almost exclusively transcribed in excitatory neurons of the CLA and the endopiriform nucleus, as well as in inhibitory neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus. Leveraging this unique expression pattern, we developed a series of Cre- and Flippase-expressing knockin and BAC transgenic mouse lines with different expression profiles. With these novel tools in hand, we propose new standards for the interrogation of CLA function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>tuberosa, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>boillat, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dal Col, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marconi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codourey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgiou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menoud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A toolbox for genetic targeting of the claustrum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
plantMASST - Community-driven chemotaxonomic digitization of plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the distribution of hundreds of thousands of plant metabolites across the plant kingdom presents a challenge. To address this, we curated publicly available LC-MS/MS data from 19,075 plant extracts and developed the plantMASST reference database encompassing 246 botanical families, 1,469 genera, and 2,793 species. This taxonomically focused database facilitates the exploration of plant-derived molecules using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra. This tool will aid in drug discovery, biosynthesis, (chemo)taxonomy, and the evolutionary ecology of herbivore interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gomes, P. W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damiani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quiros-Guerrero, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chigumba, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedio, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harwood, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo-Castillo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Defossez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koolen, H. H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>e Silva, C. Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, T. W. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glauser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaves-Fallas, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keum, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lima, E. J. S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Medeiros, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bataglion, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, F. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[plantMASST - Community-driven chemotaxonomic digitization of plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomathematical enzyme kinetics model of prebiotic autocatalytic RNA networks: degenerating parasite-specific hyperparasite catalysts confer parasite resistance and herald the birth of molecular immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Catalysis and specifically autocatalysis are the quintessential building blocks of life. Yet, although autocatalytic networks are necessary, they are not sufficient for the emergence of life-like properties, such as self-propagation (replication) and adaptation. The ultimate and potentially fatal threat faced by molecular replicators is parasitism; if the polymerase error rate exceeds a critical threshold, even the fittest molecular species will disappear. Here we have developed an autocatalytic RNA early life mathematical network model based purely on enzyme kinetics, more specifically the steady-state approximation. We confirm previous models showing that these autocatalytic cycles are sustainable, provided there is a sufficient nucleotide pool. However, molecular parasites arise rapidly and become unsustainable unless they sequentially degenerate to hyperparasites (i.e. parasites of parasites). These hyperparasites acquire parasite binding specificity via two distinct temporal pathways. Our model is supported at three levels; firstly, ribozyme polymerases display Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics and comply with the steady-state approximation. Secondly, ribozyme polymerases are capable of sustainable auto-amplification and of surmounting the fatal error threshold. Thirdly, with growing sequence divergence of host and parasite catalysts, the probability of self-binding increases and the trend towards cross-reactivity diminishes. Our model predicts that primordial host-RNA populations evolved via an arms race towards a host-parasite-hyperparasite catalyst trio that conferred parasite resistance within an RNA replicator niche. As such, it adds another mechanism - whats more, with biochemical precision - by which parasitism can be tamed and offers an attractive explanation for the universal coexistence of catalyst trios within prokaryotes and the virosphere, heralding the birth of a primitive molecular immunity.

Author SummaryThe quintessential components of life comprise a potent mixture of naturally occurring, but improbable chemical reactions (catalysis), and the arrangement of such accelerated chemical reactions into closed loops (autocatalytic sets). This is required, but is not sufficient for such networks to self-propagate (amplification of the information carrier = host polymerization) and adapt (Darwinian evolution). As soon as self-propagation is attained, the next hurdle is parasitism. This typically involves shorter molecules (the products of replicative errors) that hitchhike the replicative potential of the host. They will invariably outcompete the regular amplification process, unless a solution is found. We have addressed this problem using a new model based on the mathematics of catalysis. This model confirms previous studies demonstrating that autocatalytic sets become self-sustaining, assuming that a sufficient pool of molecular building blocks is available. However, molecular parasitism is pervasive and potentially fatal for both host and parasite. In our model, we allow these parasites to degenerate in a controlled fashion, giving rise to parasites of parasites (hyperparasites). As long as these hyperparasites acquire binding specificity for parasites, an attenuation of parasitism is observed. These parasite-hyperparasite cycles stabilize the host cycle, explaining why they are conserved, and why they are the likely reason behind the observation that all cellular hosts are associated with parasites (e.g. bacteria) and hyperparasites (e.g. viruses) across all kingdoms of life. Moreover, it provides a novel solution to the usually intractable problem of parasitism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conrad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirovino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iseli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.14.594066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomathematical enzyme kinetics model of prebiotic autocatalytic RNA networks: degenerating parasite-specific hyperparasite catalysts confer parasite resistance and herald the birth of molecular immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective molecular inhibition of the HDAC6 ZnF-UBP binding domain impairs multiple myeloma cell proliferation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy with poor prognosis despite the recent development of new therapeutic options. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is overexpressed in multiple myeloma patients and may be involved in the acquisition of resistance to conventional anti-proteasome treatments. Beyond displaying a deacetylase catalytic activity, HDAC6 can recognize ubiquitinated motifs from misfolded proteins through its C-terminal ZnF-UBP binding domain and send the defective proteins to the aggresome for degradation. Here, we explore the role of the ZnF-UBP binding domain of HDAC6 in the function of multiple myeloma cells. A non-functional ZnF-UBP domain containing a 2-residue mutation in the binding site was designed and the absence of ubiquitin binding was confirmed in a cell-free assay. Molecular docking simulations and electrostatic calculations revealed a significant decrease in the electrostatic potential of the mutated peptide, which is crucial for the stability of the complex with ubiquitin. A multiple myeloma cell line containing the non-functional ZnF-UBP domain was then engineered. Although the deacetylase activity of HDAC6 was maintained in these cells, they showed reduced cell growth, impaired aggresome formation and a dysregulated gene expression profile that was more pronounced than cells entirely deficient in HDAC6. These results indicate that a non-functional ZnF-UBP binding domain impacts the function of multiple myeloma cells. Based on these findings, a series of quinazolinylpropanoic acid derivatives was synthesized to explore the inhibitory activity of small molecules to this domain. We propose that ZnF-UBP binding domain inhibitors should be further evaluated as potential therapeutic agents in multiple myeloma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rincon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coira, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richieu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attana, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urwyler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haider, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourquin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuendet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.14.594071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective molecular inhibition of the HDAC6 ZnF-UBP binding domain impairs multiple myeloma cell proliferation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural correlates of embodied and vibratory mechanisms associated with vocal emotion production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite a large body of literature on the psychological and brain mechanisms of vocal emotion perception, less is known on expression and production mechanisms, especially the vibrations originating in the vocal cords and their role in emotional voice production. In the present study, we aimed to fill this gap. Participants had to produce angry, happy and neutral emotional vocalizations in different production conditions ( normal,  whisper,  articulate). An accelerometer recorded the vibrations on the throat, close to the vocal folds. Results showed effects of the Emotion factor with activations in the bilateral temporal voice areas, the inferior frontal gyri as well as motor and supplementary motor areas. The Production factor and its interaction with Emotion revealed significant effects in motor, somatosensory cortices, insula and inferior frontal cortex. Exploratory analysis of the brain correlates of emotional vocal tract vibrations specific to  normal voice production showed significant correlations with brain regions involved in interoceptive processing (insula, inferior frontal cortex, cerebellum). Our results highlight the crucial role of vibro-tactile body resonances in vocal emotion production that might play an important role for the interoceptive phenomena involved in the representation of our own emotions such as in emergent feelings related to emotional vocal production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Selosse, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.14.594073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural correlates of embodied and vibratory mechanisms associated with vocal emotion production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein structure, a genetic encoding for glycosylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis, dogma describes glycosylation as primarily determined by intrinsic cellular limitations, such as glycosyltransferase expression and precursor availability. However, this cannot explain the commonly-observed differences between glycans on the same protein. By examining site-specific glycosylation on diverse human proteins, we detected associations between protein structure and glycan structure, broadly generalizable to human-expressed glycoproteins. Through structural analysis of site-specific glycosylation data, we found protein-sequence and structural features consistently correlated with specific glycan features. To quantify these relationships, we present a new amino acid substitution matrix describing "glycoimpact", i.e., the association of primary protein structure and glycosylation. High-glycoimpact amino acids co-evolve with glycosites, and glycoimpact is high when estimates of amino acid conservation and variant pathogenicity diverge. We report thousands of disease variants near glycosites with high-glycoimpact, including several with known links to aberrant glycosylation (e.g., Oculocutaneous Albinism, Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker, and Gauchers Disease). Finally, glycoimpact quantification is validated by studying oligomannose-complex glycan ratios on HIV ENV, differential sialylation on IgG3 Fc, differential glycosylation on SARS-CoV-2 Spike, and fucose-modulated function of a tuberculosis monoclonal antibody. Finally, to test the causality of protein-glycan associations, we created 5 glycoimpact-designed novel Rituximab variants, 4 of which substantially changed glycoprofiles as predicted. In all, we report that site-specific glycan biosynthesis is influenced by underlying protein structure, enabling glycan structure prediction and genetic sequence-guided glycoengineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaytseva, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baboo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nachmanson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irvine, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armingol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mih, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartels, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Woudenbergh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aylward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorrentino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartsch, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Calvo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigurdson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauc, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisacek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein structure, a genetic encoding for glycosylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding glycosylation potential from protein structure across human glycoproteins with a multi-view recurrent neural network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycosylation is described as a non-templated biosynthesis. Yet, the template-free premise is antithetical to the observation that different N-glycans are consistently placed at specific sites. It has been proposed that glycosite-proximal protein structures could constrain glycosylation and explain the observed microheterogeneity. Using site-specific glycosylation data, we trained a hybrid neural network to parse glycosites (recurrent neural network) and match them to feasible N-glycosylation events (graph neural network). From glycosite-flanking sequences, the algorithm predicts most human N-glycosylation events documented in the GlyConnect database and proposed structures corresponding to observed monosaccharide composition of the glycans at these sites. The algorithm also recapitulated glycosylation in Enhanced Aromatic Sequons, SARS-CoV-2 spike, and IgG3 variants, thus demonstrating the ability of the algorithm to predict both glycan structure and abundance. Thus, protein structure constrains glycosylation, and the neural network enables predictive in silico glycosylation of uncharacterized or novel protein sequences and genetic variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariethoz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armingol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisacek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bojar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding glycosylation potential from protein structure across human glycoproteins with a multi-view recurrent neural network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A phosphate-binding pocket in cyclin B3 is essential for XErp1/Emi2 degradation in meiosis I 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To ensure the correct euploid state of embryos, it is essential that vertebrate oocytes await fertilization arrested at metaphase of meiosis II. This MII arrest is mediated by XErp1/Emi2, which inhibits the ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome). Cyclin B3 in complex with Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1) is essential to prevent an untimely arrest of vertebrate oocytes in meiosis I by targeting XErp1/Emi2 for degradation. Yet, the molecular mechanism of XErp1/Emi2 degradation in MI is not well understood. Here, by combining TRIM-Away in oocytes with egg extract and in vitro studies, we demonstrate that a hitherto unknown phosphate-binding pocket in cyclin B3 is essential for efficient XErp1/Emi2 degradation in meiosis I. This pocket enables Cdk1/cyclin B3 to bind pre-phosphorylated XErp1/Emi2 facilitating further phosphorylation events, which ultimately target XErp1/Emi2 for degradation in a Plk1 (Polo-like kinase 1) dependent manner. Key elements of this degradative mechanism are conserved in frog and mouse. Our studies identify a novel, evolutionarily conserved determinant of Cdk/cyclin substrate specificity essential to prevent an untimely oocyte arrest at meiosis I with catastrophic consequences upon fertilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demmig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, T. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.16.594477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A phosphate-binding pocket in cyclin B3 is essential for XErp1/Emi2 degradation in meiosis I]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.22.595342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Consistency of resting-state correlations between fMRI networks and EEG band-power 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.22.595342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several simultaneous EEG-fMRI studies have aimed to identify the relationship between EEG band power and fMRI resting state networks (RSNs) to elucidate their neurobiological significance. Although common patterns have emerged, inconsistent results have also been reported. This study examines the consistency of these correlations across subjects and to understand how factors such as the hemodynamic response delay and the use of different EEG data spaces (source/scalp) influence them. Using three distinct EEG-fMRI datasets, acquired independently on 1.5T, 3T and 7T MRI scanners (comprising 42 subjects in total), we evaluate the generalizability of our findings across different acquisition conditions. We found consistent correlations between fMRI RSN and EEG band-power time-series across subjects in the three datasets studied, with systematic variations with RSN, EEG frequency-band, and HRF delay, but not with EEG space. Qualitatively, the majority of these correlations were similar across the three datasets, despite important differences in field strength, number of subjects and resting-state conditions. Our findings support consistent correlations across specific fMRI RSNs and EEG bands and highlight the importance of methodological considerations in interpreting them that may explain conflicting reports in existing literature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xavier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteves, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abreu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadaghiani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirsich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueiredo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.22.595342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Consistency of resting-state correlations between fMRI networks and EEG band-power]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.596688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antibacterial effectors in Dictyostelium discoideum: specific activity against different bacterial species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.596688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dictyostelium discoideum is a phagocytic amoeba continuously eating, killing and digesting bacteria. Previous studies have detected in D. discoideum cell extracts a bacteriolytic activity effective against Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria.

In this study we characterized bacteriolytic activities found in D. discoideum cell extracts against five different bacteria (K. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis). We first analyzed the bacteriolytic activity against these five bacteria in parallel over a range of pH values. We then measured the remaining bacteriolytic activity in D. discoideum kil1 and modA KO mutants. We also performed partial fractionation of D. discoideum extracts and assessed activity against different bacteria. Together our results indicate that optimal bacteriolytic activity against different bacteria results from the action of different effectors. Proteomic analysis allowed us to propose a list of potential bacteriolytic effectors.

IMPORTANCEMany antibacterial effectors have been characterized over the last decades, and their biological importance, mode of action and specificity is often still under study. Here we characterized in vitro bacteriolytic activity in D. discoideum extracts against five species of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Our results reveal that optimal lysis of different bacteria mobilizes different effectors. Proteomic analysis generated a list of potential bacteriolytic effectors. This work opens the way for future analysis of the role of individual effectors in living D. discoideum cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Ruiz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamrabet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jauslin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guilhen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourbon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.30.596688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antibacterial effectors in Dictyostelium discoideum: specific activity against different bacterial species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.31.596665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An implantable biohybrid nerve model towards synaptic deep brain stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.31.596665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Restoring functional vision in blind patients lacking a healthy optic nerve requires bypassing retinal circuits, ideally, by directly stimulating the visual thalamus. However, available deep brain stimulation electrodes do not provide the resolution required for vision restoration. We developed an implantable biohybrid nerve model designed for synaptic stimulation of deep brain targets. The interface combines a stretchable stimulation array with an aligned microfluidic axon guidance system seeded with neural spheroids to facilitate the development of a 3 mm long nerve-like structure. A bioresorbable hydrogel nerve conduit was used as a bridge between the tissue and the biohybrid implant. We demonstrated stimulation of spheroids within the biohybrid structure in vitro and used high-density CMOS microelectrode arrays to show faithful activity conduction across the device. Finally, implantation of the biohybrid nerve onto the mouse cortex showed that neural spheroids grow axons in vivo and remain functionally active for more than 22 days post-implantation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sifringer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fratzl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clement, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chansoria, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mönkemöller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duru, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ihle, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steffens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltraminelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceylan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengsteler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tringides, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulic, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madduri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenobi-Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roska, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vörös, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.31.596665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An implantable biohybrid nerve model towards synaptic deep brain stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.592804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reliability of structural brain change in cognitively healthy adult samples. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.592804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In neuroimaging research, tracking individuals over time is key to understanding the interplay between brain changes and genetic, environmental, or cognitive factors across the lifespan. Yet, the extent to which we can estimate the individual trajectories of brain change over time with precision remains uncertain. In this study, we estimated the reliability of structural brain change in cognitively healthy adults from multiple samples and assessed the influence of follow-up time and number of observations. Estimates of cross-sectional measurement error and brain change variance were obtained using the longitudinal FreeSurfer processing stream. Our findings showed, on average, modest longitudinal reliability with two years of follow-up. Increasing the follow-up time was associated with a substantial increase in longitudinal reliability while the impact of increasing the number of observations was comparatively minor. On average, 2-year follow-up studies require {approx}2.7 and {approx}4.0 times more individuals than designs with follow-ups of 4 and 6 years to achieve comparable statistical power. Subcortical volume exhibited higher longitudinal reliability compared to cortical area, thickness, and volume. The reliability estimates were comparable to those estimated from empirical data. The reliability estimates were affected by both the cohorts age where younger adults had lower reliability of change, and the preprocessing pipeline where the FreeSurfers longitudinal stream was notably superior than the cross-sectional. Suboptimal reliability inflated sample size requirements and compromised the ability to distinguish individual trajectories of brain aging. This study underscores the importance of long-term follow-ups and the need to consider reliability in longitudinal neuroimaging research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vidal-Pineiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stromstad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amlien, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baare, W. F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartres-Faz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandmaier, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brathen, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrido, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghisletta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grydeland, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henson, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kievit, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kormacher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindenberger, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowinckel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneve, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sole-Padulles, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watne, L.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walhovd, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fjell, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.03.592804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reliability of structural brain change in cognitively healthy adult samples.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TORC1 reactivation by pheromone signaling revealed by phosphoproteomics of fission yeast sexual reproduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Starvation, which is associated with inactivation of the growth-promoting TOR complex 1 (TORC1), is a strong environmental signal for cell differentiation. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, nitrogen starvation has distinct physiological consequences depending on the presence of mating partners. In their absence, cells enter quiescence, and TORC1 inactivation prolongs their life. In presence of compatible mates, TORC1 inactivation is essential for sexual differentiation. Gametes engage in paracrine pheromone signaling, grow towards each other, fuse to form the diploid zygote, and form resistant, haploid spore progenies. To understand the signaling changes in the proteome and phospho-proteome during sexual reproduction, we developed cell synchronization strategies and present (phospho-)proteomic datasets that dissect pheromone from starvation signals over the sexual differentiation and cell-cell fusion processes. Unexpectedly, these datasets reveal phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 during sexual development, which we establish requires TORC1 activity. We demonstrate that TORC1 is re-activated by pheromone signaling, in a manner that does not require autophagy. Mutants with low TORC1 re-activation exhibit compromised mating and poorly viable spores. Thus, while inactivated to initiate the mating process, TORC1 is reactivated by pheromone signaling in starved cells to support sexual reproduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merlini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.04.597361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TORC1 reactivation by pheromone signaling revealed by phosphoproteomics of fission yeast sexual reproduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local increases in admixture with hunter-gatherers followed the initial expansion of Neolithic farmers across continental Europe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The replacement of hunter-gatherer lifestyles by agriculture represents a pivotal change in human history. The initial stage of this Neolithic transition in Europe was instigated by the migration of farmers from Anatolia and the Aegean basin. In this study, we modeled the expansion of Neolithic farmers into Central Europe from Anatolia, along the Continental route of dispersal. We employed spatially explicit simulations of palaeogenomic diversity and high-quality palaeogenomic data from 67 prehistoric individuals to assess how population dynamics between indigenous European hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers varied across space and time. Our results demonstrate that admixture between the two groups increased locally over time at each stage of the Neolithic expansion along the Continental route. We estimate that the effective population size of farmers was about five times that of the hunter-gatherers. Additionally, we infer that sporadic long distance migrations of early farmers contributed to their rapid dispersal, while competitive interactions with hunter-gatherers were limited.

TeaserThe first farmers of continental Europe increasingly admixed over time with indigenous hunter-gatherers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsoupas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyna-Blanco, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quilodran, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blöcher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brami, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wegmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.10.598301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local increases in admixture with hunter-gatherers followed the initial expansion of Neolithic farmers across continental Europe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.599723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Permanent lymphocyte subset elimination upon a single dose of AAV-delivered depletion antibody dissects immune control of chronic viral infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.599723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To interrogate the role of specific immune cells in infection, cancer and autoimmunity, immunologists commonly use monoclonal depletion antibodies (depletion-mAbs) or genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). To generate a tool that combines specific advantages and avoids select drawbacks of the two methods we engineer adeno-associated viral vectors expressing depletion-mAbs (depletion-AAVs). Single-dose depletion-AAV administration permanently eliminates lymphocyte subsets in mice while avoiding accessory deficiencies of GEMMs such as marginal zone defects in B cell-deficient animals. Depletion-AAVs can be used irrespective of the animals genetic background, and multiple depletion-AAVs can readily be combined. Exploiting depletion-AAV technology, we show that B cells are required for unimpaired CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to chronic viral infection. Importantly, CD8 T cells fail to suppress viremia when B cells are depleted, and they only help resolving chronic infection if antibodies suppress viral loads. Our study positions depletion-AAVs as a versatile tool for immunological research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kastner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marx, A.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimitrova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abreu-Mota, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ertuna, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonilla, W. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stauffer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreutzfeldt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinschewer, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.19.599723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Permanent lymphocyte subset elimination upon a single dose of AAV-delivered depletion antibody dissects immune control of chronic viral infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.599675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenomic programming of peripheral monocytes determines their transcriptional response to the tumor microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.599675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Classical monocytes are recruited to tumors and undergo transcriptional reprogramming resulting in tumor-promoting functions. Epigenomic features, such as post-translational modification of histones and chromatin accessibility, are key determinants of transcription factor binding and thereby play an important role in determining transcriptional responses to the tissue environment. It is unknown to what extent the epigenetic landscape of peripheral monocytes is rewired by cancer and how this could shape their transcriptional response upon recruitment to the tumor microenvironment. Here we used a combination of genome-wide assays for mRNA expression, chromatin accessibility and multiple histone modifications (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac) in a mouse model to investigate changes in the epigenomic landscape of peripheral monocytes. We then linked these epigenetic alterations to gene expression changes in monocytes occurring in the periphery or during tumor infiltration. We found that the distal tumor caused extensive remodeling of both H3K4me3+ promoters and H3K4me1+ enhancers in peripheral monocytes. Specifically, this involved the repression of interferon-responsive promoters and enhancers as well as the establishment of enhancers harboring binding motifs for transcription factors downstream of inflammatory and cytokine signaling pathways. The enhancers altered in the periphery could be linked to sustained gene expression changes which were less likely to be reversed in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, genes activated upon tumor infiltration showed prior epigenetic priming in peripheral monocytes. Overall, these results indicate that the epigenomic landscape of peripheral monocytes is altered in response to a distal tumor, and this could shape the transcriptional response of monocytes when they encounter microenvironmental signals upon infiltrating the tumor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kiss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halasz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadadi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzerpos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poliska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kancheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debraekeleer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brughmans, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkrim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saeys, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czimmerer, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laoui, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Ginderachter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.19.599675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenomic programming of peripheral monocytes determines their transcriptional response to the tumor microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.26.600768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of Microtubule Dynamics by Monovalent Ions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.26.600768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microtubule cytoskeleton is a dynamic network essential for many cellular processes, influenced by physicochemical factor such as temperature, pH, dimer concentration and ionic environment. In this study, we used in vitro reconstitution assays to examine the effects of four monovalent ions (Na+, K+, Cl-, and Ac-) on microtubule dynamics, uncovering distinct effects for each ion. Na+ was found to increase microtubule dynamicity by raising catastrophe frequency, polymerization and depolymerization speeds, ultimately reducing microtubule lifetime by 80 %. Conversely, Ac boosts microtubule nucleation and stabilizes microtubules by increasing rescue frequency and preventing breakages, resulting in longer microtubules with extended lifetimes. Cl- appeared to potentiate the effects of Na+, while K+ had minimal impact on microtubule dynamic parameters. These findings demonstrate that Na+ and Ac- have opposing effects on microtubule dynamics, with Na+ destabilizing and Ac- stabilizing the microtubule structure. This ionic impact is mainly through modulation of tubulin-tubulin interactions rather than affecting the hydrolysis rate. In conclusion, ion identity plays a crucial role in modulating microtubule dynamics. Understanding the ionic environment is essential for microtubule-related research, as it significantly influences microtubule behavior, stability, and interactions with other proteins.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe microtubule cytoskeleton is vital for cellular processes and influenced by temperature, pH, dimer concentration, and ionic environment. Understanding how these physicochemical factors regulate microtubule polymerization is crucial for elucidating microtubule dynamics and stability. Our in vitro reconstitution assays reveal that Na+ and Ac- ions have opposing effects on microtubule dynamics. Na+ increases dynamicity by raising catastrophe frequency and reducing lifetime by 80 %, while Ac - enhances nucleation and stability, resulting in longer microtubules. Cl- potentiates the effects of Na+, and K+ has minimal impact. Our findings highlight that ion identity crucially modulates microtubule dynamics, significantly influencing stability and interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.26.600768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of Microtubule Dynamics by Monovalent Ions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.601024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating Ligand-Mediated Conformational Dynamics of Pre-miR21: A Machine-Learning-Aided Enhanced Sampling Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.601024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA strands that regulate the activity of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by affecting the repression of protein translation, and their dysregulation has been implicated in several pathologies. miR21 in particular has been implicated in tumourigenesis and anticancer drug resistance, making it a critical target for drug design. miR21 biogenesis involves precise biochemical pathways, including the cleavage of its precursor, pre-miR21, by the enzyme Dicer. The present work investigates the conformational dynamics of pre-miR21, focusing on the role of adenine29 in switching between Dicer-binding-prone and inactive states. We also investigated the effect of L50, a cyclic peptide binder of pre-miR21 and a weak inhibitor of its processing. Using time series data and our novel collective variable-based enhanced sampling technique OneOPES, we simulated these conformational changes and assessed the effect of L50 on the conformational plasticity of pre-miR21. Our results provide insight into peptide-induced conformational changes and pave the way for the development of a computational platform for the screening of inhibitors of pre-miR21 processing that considers RNA flexibility, a stepping stone for an effective structure-based drug design, with potentially broad applications in drug discovery.

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O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=111 SRC="FIGDIR/small/601024v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellina, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.601024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating Ligand-Mediated Conformational Dynamics of Pre-miR21: A Machine-Learning-Aided Enhanced Sampling Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional monocentricity with holocentric characteristics andchromosome-specific centromeres in a stick insect 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeres are specialized genomic regions that are critical for chromosome segregation in eukaryotes. However, how the diversity of centromeres evolved, ranging from localized centromeres in monocentric species to complex chromosome-wide distributed centromere regions in holocentric species, remains elusive. Our cellular and genomic analyses in Timema stick insects reveal that within cell variation of the major centromere protein CenH3 recapitulates the variation typically observed across species. While CenH3-containing nucleosomes are distributed in a monocentric fashion on autosomes and bind tandem repeat sequences specific to individual or small groups of chromosomes, they exhibit a holocentric-like distribution on the sex chromosome and bind to more complex intergenic regions. Despite this contrasting distribution, all chromosomes, including the sex chromosome, attach to spindle microtubules at a single location, marking the first instance of a functionally monocentric species with holocentric-like attributes. Together, our findings highlight the potential for gradual transitions towards holocentricity or CenH3-independent centromere determination, and help to understand the rapid centromere sequence divergence between species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Toubiana, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumas, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran Van, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schubert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aury, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bournonville, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruaud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houben, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Istace, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labadie, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwander, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.30.601385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional monocentricity with holocentric characteristics andchromosome-specific centromeres in a stick insect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601590v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionarily conserved principles of ESCRT-III-mediated membrane remodelling revealed by a two-subunit Asgard archaeal system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601590v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ESCRT-III proteins assemble into composite polymers that undergo stepwise changes in composition and structure to deform membranes across the tree of life. Here, using a phylogenetic analysis we demonstrate that the two ESCRT-III proteins present in our closest archaeal relatives are evolutionarily related to B-type and A-type eukaryotic paralogues, which initiate and execute membrane remodelling, respectively. This deep homology is reflected in ESCRT-III structure and function as demonstrated by the fact that ESCRT-IIIB assembles into parallel arrays on planar membranes to initiate membrane deformation, and is required to recruit ESCRT-IIIA to generate composite polymers. ESCRT-IIIA homopolymers can then remodel membranes into tubes, as a likely prelude to scission. Taken together, this analysis reveals a set of conserved principles governing ESCRT-III-dependent membrane remodelling that first emerged with the evolution of a two-component ESCRT-III system in the Asgard archaea, and which continue to underlie complex multi-component, ESCRT-III-dependent membrane remodelling in eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Souza, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espadas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaaban, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moody, E. R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatano, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasubramanian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.01.601590</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionarily conserved principles of ESCRT-III-mediated membrane remodelling revealed by a two-subunit Asgard archaeal system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cytosolic N6AMT1-dependent translation supports mitochondrial RNA processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial biogenesis relies on both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and imbalance in their expression can lead to inborn error of metabolism, inflammation, and aging. Here, we investigate N6AMT1, a nucleo-cytosolic methyltransferase that exhibits genetic co-dependency with mitochondria. We determine transcriptional and translational profiles of N6AMT1 and report that it is required for the cytosolic translation of TRMT10C (MRPP1) and PRORP (MRPP3), two subunits of the mitochondrial RNAse P enzyme. In the absence of N6AMT1, or when its catalytic activity is abolished, RNA processing within mitochondria is impaired, leading to the accumulation of unprocessed and double-stranded RNA, thus preventing mitochondrial protein synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Our work sheds light on the function of N6AMT1 in protein synthesis and highlights a cytosolic program required for proper mitochondrial biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foged, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Recazens, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chollet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisci, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinshteyn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutguetait, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munch, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mootha, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jourdain, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.601698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cytosolic N6AMT1-dependent translation supports mitochondrial RNA processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.05.601641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
eLemur: A cellular-resolution 3D atlas of the mouse lemur brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.05.601641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), one of the smallest living primates, emerges as a promising model organism for neuroscience research. This is due to its genetic similarity to humans, its evolutionary position between rodents and humans, and its primate-like features encapsulated within a rodent-sized brain. Despite its potential, the absence of a comprehensive reference brain atlas impedes the progress of research endeavors in this species, particularly at the microscopic level. Existing references have largely been confined to the macroscopic scale, lacking detailed anatomical information. Here, we present eLemur, a new resource, comprising a repository of high-resolution brain-wide images immunostained with multiple cell type and structural markers, elucidating the cyto- and chemoarchitecture of the mouse lemur brain. Additionally, it encompasses a segmented two-dimensional (2D) reference and 3D anatomical brain atlas delineated into cortical, subcortical, and other vital regions. Furthermore, eLemur includes a comprehensive 3D cell atlas, providing densities and spatial distributions of non-neuronal and neuronal cells across the mouse lemur brain. Accessible via a web-based viewer (https://eeum-brain.com/#/lemurdatasets), the eLemur resource streamlines data sharing and integration, fostering the exploration of new hypotheses and experimental designs using the mouse lemur as a model organism. Moreover, in conjunction with the growing 3D datasets for rodents, non-human primates, and humans, our eLemur 3D digital framework enhances the potential for comparative analysis and translation research, facilitating the integration of extensive rodent study data into human studies.

Significance StatementThe gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) represents a promising model for neuroscience research, offering insights into brain structure and function due to its genetic and evolutionary proximity to humans and rodents. Our development of eLemur, a comprehensive 3D digital brain atlas, fills critical gaps in microscopic data availability, enabling nuanced investigations at cellular resolutions. This resource not only enhances our understanding of the mouse lemur brain but also catalyzes broader neuroscience endeavors. By facilitating data sharing and integration, eLemur empowers researchers to explore novel hypotheses and experimental designs. Moreover, its compatibility with existing neuroanatomy frameworks and the growing repository of 3D datasets positions eLemur as a pivotal tool for advancing basic and translational neuroscience studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeon, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, A. C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pifferi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.05.601641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[eLemur: A cellular-resolution 3D atlas of the mouse lemur brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.15.603517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Actin dynamics sustains spatial gradients of membrane tension in adherent cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.15.603517v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tension propagates in lipid bilayers over hundreds of microns within milliseconds, precluding the formation of tension gradients. Nevertheless, plasma membrane tension gradients have been evidenced in migrating cells and along axons. Here, using a fluorescent membrane tension probe, we show that membrane tension gradients exist in all adherent cells, whether they migrate or not. Non-adhering cells do not display tension gradients. We further show that branched actin increases tension, while membrane-to-cortex attachments facilitate its propagation. Tension is the lowest at the edge of adhesion sites and highest at protrusions, setting the boundaries of the tension gradients. By providing a quantitative and mechanistic basis behind the organization of membrane tension gradients, our work explains how they are actively sustained in adherent cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Arcos, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehidi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez Velazquez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillamat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomba, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houzet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capolupo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Angelo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinde, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.15.603517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Actin dynamics sustains spatial gradients of membrane tension in adherent cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.20.604409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF-DEPENDENT INSULATION OF Hoxb13 AND THE HETEROCHRONIC CONTROL OF TAIL LENGTH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.20.604409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In mammals, tail length is controlled by several genetic determinants, amongst which Hox13 genes located at the posterior extremities of Hox clusters, whose main function are to terminate the extension of the body axis. In this view, the precise timing in the transcriptional activation of these genes may impact upon body length. Unlike other Hox clusters, HoxB lacks all posterior genes between Hoxb9 and Hoxb13, two genes separated by a ca. 70 kb large DNA segment containing an unusually high number of CTCF sites, suggesting it isolates Hoxb13 from the rest of the cluster, thereby delaying its negative impact on trunk extension. We deleted the spacer DNA to induce a potential heterochronic gain of function of Hoxb13 at physiological concentration and observed a shortening of the tail as well as other abnormal phenotypes, which were all rescued by inactivating Hoxb13 in-cis with the deletion. A comparable gain of function was observed in mutant ES cells grown as pseudo-embryos in vitro, which allowed us to examine in details the importance of both the number and the orientation of CTCF sites in the insulating activity of the DNA spacer. A short cassette containing all the CTCF sites was sufficient to insulate Hoxb13 from the rest of HoxB and additional modifications of this CTCF cassette showed that two CTCF sites in convergent orientations are already capable of importantly delaying Hoxb13 activation in these conditions. We discuss the relative importance of genomic distance versus number and orientation of CTCF sites in preventing Hoxb13 to be activated too early during trunk extension and hence to modulate tail length.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Delisle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zakany, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochaton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OSTEIL, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascrez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rekaik, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duboule, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.20.604409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF-DEPENDENT INSULATION OF Hoxb13 AND THE HETEROCHRONIC CONTROL OF TAIL LENGTH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.24.604858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatic hypermutation-mediated paratope flexibility improves the cross-reactivity of human malaria antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.24.604858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protective capacity of antibodies targeting circumsporozoite protein on sporozoites of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (PfCSP) is linked to high affinity and cross-reactivity with the PfCSP central repeat domain and N-terminal junction. However, the role of somatic hypermutation (SHM) in the development of such antibodies remains unclear. Here we define the contributions of SHM to the high affinity and strong repeat and N-junction cross-reactivity of the potent anti-PfCSP monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4493 and of similar antibodies with shared SHM and affinity maturation trajectories. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that SHM reduces the flexibility of the unbound mAb 4493 but increases the flexibility of the antigen-bound complex, thereby lowering the entropic cost for antigen binding. Furthermore, we identify an inverse relation between antibody affinity and serum stability, which limits the protective capacity of these antibodies. Our study provides molecular level evidence for the different roles that the SHM process plays in increasing VH3-49+V{kappa}3-20 antibody affinity and cross-reactivity and demonstrates how antibody affinity maturation can negatively impact antibody stability and thereby function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murugan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oludada, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores-Garcia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mustafa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huntwork, R. H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horn, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sekaran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomaras, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zavala, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levashina, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketchem, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wardemann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.24.604858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatic hypermutation-mediated paratope flexibility improves the cross-reactivity of human malaria antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.12.607338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aerolysin nanopore structure revealed at high resolution in lipid environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.12.607338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aerolysin is a {beta}-pore-forming toxin produced by most Aeromonas bacteria which has attracted large attention in the field of nanopore sensing due to its narrow and charged pore lumen. Structurally similar proteins, belonging to the aerolysin-like family, are present throughout all kingdoms of life, but very few of them have been structurally characterized in a lipid environment. Here we present the first high-resolution atomic cryo-EM structures of aerolysin pre-pore and pore in a membrane-like environment. These structures allow the identification of key interactions, which are relevant for the pore formation and for positioning the pore barrel into the membrane with the anchoring {beta}-turn motif now finally observed. Moreover, we elucidate at high resolution the architecture of key mutations and precisely identify four constriction rings in the pore lumen that are highly relevant for nanopore sensing experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacovache, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bada Juarez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abriata, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcaida, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dal Peraro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.12.607338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aerolysin nanopore structure revealed at high resolution in lipid environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.18.608479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Platelet-derived LPA16:0 inhibits adult neurogenesis and stress resilience in anxiety disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.18.608479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anxiety disorders are accompanied by changes in brain plasticity, stress vulnerability and heightened risk of depression. Here, we found that serum LPA16:0 abundance increased with trait anxiety in both human and mice and was sufficient to reduce the proliferation of adult hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells. In humans, the main LPA receptor, LPA1, bears single nucleotide polymorphism variants associated with anxiety. In mice, LPA16:0 decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and stress resilience, whereas LPA1 antagonism or the reduction of platelets, the main source of circulating LPA16:0, increased adult neurogenesis and resilience to acute stress. Finally, the inhibition of adult neurogenesis abolished the beneficial effect of LPA1 antagonism on resilience against both acute and chronic stress.

Together, these findings identify LPA16:0-LPA1 signaling as a regulation mechanism of adult neurogenesis and a potential therapeutic target for mood disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Larrieu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carron, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grieco, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginggen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delacretaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallart-Ayala, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eap, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanisevic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magistretti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piguet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.18.608479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Platelet-derived LPA16:0 inhibits adult neurogenesis and stress resilience in anxiety disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane microdomains are crucial for Mycobacterium marinum EsxA-dependent membrane damage, escape to the cytosol and infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infection by pathogenic mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis disrupts the membrane of the Mycobacterium-Containing Vacuole (MCV). The key effector EsxA, secreted via the ESX-1 type-VII system, is pivotal in this process, yet its membranolytic activity is not fully elucidated. Infecting the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum with Mycobacterium marinum, we demonstrate that the composition of the MCV membrane, notably its sterol-rich microdomains, significantly influences damage and rupture. Disruption of these microdomains through the knockout of organizing proteins, termed vacuolins, or through sterol depletion, markedly diminishes M. marinum-induced membrane damage and cytosolic escape, thereby increasing cellular resistance to infection. Furthermore, we establish that vacuolins and sterols are essential for the in vitro partitioning of EsxA within membranes. Extending our findings to mammalian cells, we show that the role of microdomain organizers and sterols is evolutionarily conserved; specifically, flotillin knockdown and sterol depletion enhance the resistance of murine microglial cells to M. marinum infection. Our results underscore the critical role of host membrane microdomains in facilitating mycobacterial membranolytic activity and subsequent cytosolic access, pivotal for a successful infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bosmani, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perret, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuba, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gueho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.19.608731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane microdomains are crucial for Mycobacterium marinum EsxA-dependent membrane damage, escape to the cytosol and infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.22.609097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asymmetry of acto-myosin cortices as active fluids shape cells in organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.22.609097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell cortex is a thin sheet of actin cytoskeleton spanning cell boundaries with rich out-of-equilibrium dynamics. A theoretical description of the cortex as an active fluid enables to capture cell shapes dynamics in 3D tissues. However models integrated with calibration of parameters and quantitative experiments are lacking so far. Here we report that cells in organoids and in cysts have conserved apico-basal-lateral asymmetric compositions in actin and in myosin, and we quantify their densities and mechanical properties. This allows to calibrate a new model coupling active fluids with a phase field which reproduces the main features of cell shapes. To test our approach, we successfully predict changes in cell shapes by modulating actin polymerisation in experiments and in simulations. Our study shows how active fluid theory integrated with experiments can determine cell shapes in 3D tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guyomar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiraiwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riveline, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.22.609097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asymmetry of acto-myosin cortices as active fluids shape cells in organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host-Guest binding free energies a la carte: an automated OneOPES protocol 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Estimating absolute binding free energies from molecular simulations is a key step in computer-aided drug design pipelines, but agreement between computational results and experiments is still very inconsistent. Both the accuracy of the computational model and the quality of the statistical sampling contribute to this discrepancy, yet disentangling the two remains a challenge. In this study, we present an automated protocol based on OneOPES, an enhanced sampling method that exploits replica exchange and can accelerate several collective variables, to address the sampling problem. We apply this protocol to 37 host-guest systems. The simplicity of setting up the simulations and of producing well-converged binding free energy estimates without the need to optimize simulation parameters provides a reliable solution to the sampling problem. This, in turn, allows for a systematic force field comparison and ranking according to the correlation between simulations and experiments, which can inform the selection of an appropriate model. The protocol can be readily adapted to test more force field combinations and study more complex protein-ligand systems, where the choice of an appropriate physical model is often based on heuristic considerations rather than a systematic optimization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Febrer Martinez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host-Guest binding free energies a la carte: an automated OneOPES protocol]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unlocking new avenues for non-invasive brain monitoring with combined electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-high field 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at ultra-high field (7 Tesla) offers appealing new possibilities to probe human brain function non-invasively with high coverage, millisecond temporal precision and sub-millimeter spatial precision, unraveling cortical layers and small subcortical structures. Unfortunately, this technique has remained largely inaccessible at 7T, due to prohibitive cross-modal interference effects and physical constraints. Here, we developed a first-of-its-kind EEG-fMRI acquisition framework on a clinical 7T system combining key improvements from previous research: compact EEG transmission to reduce artifact incidence, reference sensors for artifact correction, and adapted leads for compatibility with a dense radiofrequency receive-array allowing state-of-the-art fMRI sensitivity and acceleration. Two implementations were tested: one using an EEG cap adapted in-house, and another using a recently-designed prototype from an industrial manufacturer, intended to be further developed into a commercial device accessible to the broader community. A comprehensive evaluation in humans showed that simultaneous acquisitions, including sub-millimeter fMRI resolution, could be conducted without detectable safety issues or major practical constraints. The EEG exerted relatively mild perturbations on fMRI quality (6-11% loss in temporal SNR), without measurably affecting the detection of resting-state networks and visual responses. The artifacts induced on EEG could be corrected to a degree where the spatial, spectral and temporal characteristics were comparable to outside recordings, and hallmark features such as resting-state alpha and eyes-closing alpha modulation could be clearly detected. Altogether, these findings indicate excellent prospects for neuroimaging applications, that can leverage the unique possibilities achievable at 7T.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sainz Martinez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirsich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jager, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warbrick, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulliemoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastiaansen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiest, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unlocking new avenues for non-invasive brain monitoring with combined electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-high field]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lamellar Schwann cells in the Pacinian corpuscle potentiate vibration perception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pacinian corpuscles are among the most sensitive mechanoreceptors found in vertebrates and they are tuned to vibrations in the highest perceptible frequency range (100-2000Hz). One of their anatomical hallmarks is the onion-like cell layers surrounding the central axon. The innermost layers consist of [~]60 densely packed lamellar Schwann cells (LSCs), whose function remains largely unknown. Using high-resolution 3D electron microscopy we found that LSCs in Pacinian corpuscles of the mouse hindlimb do not form concentric rings, but complex, multilayered and intertwining assemblies that are connected via an estimated 5805.1 desmosomes and 4142.5 gap-junctions. LSCs make multiple converging contacts with the afferent axon and its protrusions with desmosomes. Using optogenetic manipulations of LSCs we demonstrate that their activation does not only drive reliable time-locked spiking in the axon, but that their inactivation significantly elevates the thresholds in-situ and increases perceptual thresholds behaviorally. Together these findings provide evidence that LSCs are a key element of somatosensory processing, actively potentiating mechanosensitivity in Pacinian corpuscles.

HighlightsO_LIHigh-resolution electron microscopy reveals details of the Pacinian corpuscle
C_LIO_LILamellar Schwann cells form claw-like structures with converging axonal contacts
C_LIO_LISchwann-cell modulation bidirectionally affects neural coding of Pacinian afferent
C_LIO_LIInactivation of lamellar Schwann-cells increases perceptual thresholds
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Thomas Wagner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loutit, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nourizonoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croisier-Coeytaux, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanc, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knott, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lamellar Schwann cells in the Pacinian corpuscle potentiate vibration perception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.609682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NEBULA101: an open dataset for the study of language aptitude in behaviour, brain structure and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.609682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper introduces the "NEBULA101 - Neuro-behavioural Understanding of Language Aptitude" dataset, which comprises behavioural and brain imaging data from 101 healthy adults to examine individual differences in language and cognition. Human language, a multifaceted behaviour, varies significantly among individuals, at different processing levels. Recent advances in cognitive science have embraced an integrated approach, combining behavioural and brain studies to explore these differences comprehensively. The NEBULA101 dataset offers brain structural, diffusion-weighted, task-based and resting-state MRI data, alongside extensive linguistic and non-linguistic behavioural measures to explore the complex interaction of language and cognition in a highly multilingual sample. By sharing this multimodal dataset, we hope to promote research on the neuroscience of language, cognition and multilingualism, enabling the field to deepen its understanding of the multivariate panorama of individual differences and ultimately contributing to open science.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rampinini, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balboni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepinska, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthele, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golestani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.27.609682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NEBULA101: an open dataset for the study of language aptitude in behaviour, brain structure and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SNAP-tag2: faster and brighter protein labeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SNAP-tag is a powerful tool for labeling proteins with synthetic fluorophores in bioimaging. However, its utility in live-cell applications can be constrained by its relatively slow labeling kinetics and the limited cell permeability of its substrates. Here we introduce new labeling substrates and an engineered SNAP-tag for faster labeling in vitro and in live cells. SNAP-tag2 presents a second-order rate constant with rhodamine substrates that approaches 107 s-1 M-1, a 100-fold improvement over the corresponding SNAP-tag-substrate pairs. When labeled with highly fluorogenic dyes, SNAP-tag2 also shows a 5-fold increase in fluorescence brightness relative to currently used SNAP-tag. The increased labeling kinetics and brightness of SNAP-tag2 translates into a greatly improved performance in various live-cell (super-resolution) imaging applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kühn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasufovic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kompa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lange, E. M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egoldt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lennoi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarnawski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlijm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiblot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.28.610127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SNAP-tag2: faster and brighter protein labeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.610260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNG2 tethers the conoid to the apical polar ring in Toxoplasma gondii: a key mechanism in parasite motility and invasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.610260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Toxoplasma gondii, the conoid is a dynamic organelle composed of spiraling tubulin fibers that extrudes during egress, gliding motility, and invasion. This organelle traverses the apical polar ring (APR) in response to calcium waves and plays a critical role in controlling parasite motility. While the actomyosin-dependent extrusion of the conoid is beginning to be understood, the mechanism by which it is anchored apically to the APR remains unclear. RNG2, a protein localized at both the conoid and the APR, has emerged as a key candidate for this function. By combining iterative ultrastructure expansion microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy we discovered that RNG2 forms 22 tethers between the APR and the conoid. The unique biochemical properties of RNG2, including several proteolytic processing events and its ability to form concatenations, enable it to function as a dynamic bridge between these structures. Conditional depletion of RNG2 resulted in the conoid organelle detaching from the APR without compromising the integrity of its structure, thereby confirming RNG2 essential tethering role. Although microneme secretion remains normal, parasites lacking RNG2 were unable to move and impaired in rhoptry discharge, highlighting the conoids crucial role in parasite motility and invasion. RNG2 is a pivotal protein that ensures conoid functionality in Coccidia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dos Santos Pacheco, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visentin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maco, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mondragon Flores, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.29.610260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNG2 tethers the conoid to the apical polar ring in Toxoplasma gondii: a key mechanism in parasite motility and invasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain Charts for the Rhesus Macaque Lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent efforts to chart human brain growth across the lifespan using large-scale MRI data have provided reference standards for human brain development. However, similar models for nonhuman primate (NHP) growth are lacking. The rhesus macaque, a widely used NHP in translational neuroscience due to its similarities in brain anatomy, phylogenetics, cognitive, and social behaviors to humans, serves as an ideal NHP model. This study aimed to create normative growth charts for brain structure across the macaque lifespan, enhancing our understanding of neurodevelopment and aging, and facilitating cross-species translational research. Leveraging data from the PRIMatE Data Exchange (PRIME-DE) and other sources, we aggregated 1,522 MRI scans from 1,024 rhesus macaques. We mapped non-linear developmental trajectories for global and regional brain structural changes in volume, cortical thickness, and surface area over the lifespan. Our findings provided normative charts with centile scores for macaque brain structures and revealed key developmental milestones from prenatal stages to aging, highlighting both species-specific and comparable brain maturation patterns between macaques and humans. The charts offer a valuable resource for future NHP studies, particularly those with small sample sizes. Furthermore, the interactive open resource (https://interspeciesmap.childmind.org) supports cross-species comparisons to advance translational neuroscience research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alldritt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, J. S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vos de Wael, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bethlehem, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidlitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nenning, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esper, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smallwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byeon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander-Bloch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messinger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shmuel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tusche, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brambrink, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falchier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiba, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarraya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russ, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howell, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drzewiecki, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guedj, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwiedrzik, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amiez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, C. R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klink, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroenke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Constantinidis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garin, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leopold, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudko, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.28.610193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain Charts for the Rhesus Macaque Lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.06.611696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic characterization of plasmids harboring blaNDM-1,-5,-7 carbapenemase alleles in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae in Pakistan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.06.611696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Klebsiella pneumoniae is notorious for causing healthcare-associated infections, which become more complicated by the acquisition of blaNDM genes via mobile genetic elements. Although Pakistan is a well-established hot spot of blaNDM-positive K. pneumoniae, detailed molecular descriptions of blaNDM-carrying plasmids are scarce. Seven K. pneumoniae isolates harboring blaNDM were recovered from clinical sample sources during a six-month period and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. A long-read approach was used for whole genome sequencing to obtain circularized plasmids and chromosomes for typing, annotation, and comparative analysis. The isolates were susceptible to colistin and tigecycline only among the tested antibiotics. We identified five STs: ST11, ST16, ST716, ST464, and ST2856. Notably, three strains possessed the hypervirulent capsule KL2, while five were classified as O locus type O2a. Evidence of genetic diversity was further highlighted by the presence of four IncC plasmids harboring blaNDM-1, two IncX3 plasmids harboring blaNDM-5, and a single hybrid IncFIB/IncHI1B plasmid harboring blaNDM-7. These plasmids also carried additional ARGs conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. We identified the plasmidome of the K. pneumoniae isolates and characterized the NDM-carrying plasmids. Genetic analysis confirmed the presence of blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-5 on broad host range plasmids and blaNDM-7 in a previously unreported hybrid plasmid backbone. We emphasized the critical role of plasmids in spreading blaNDM in the clinical setting in Pakistan. Hence, we stressed the urgent need for enhanced surveillance, not least in LMICs, infection control measures, and adherence to the AWaRe guidelines in antibiotics use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qamar, M. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabeen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizwan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashid, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dar, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.06.611696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic characterization of plasmids harboring blaNDM-1,-5,-7 carbapenemase alleles in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae in Pakistan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rare twin cysteine residues in the HIV-1 envelope variable region 1 link to neutralization escape and breadth development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The identification of HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein (Env) traits associated with development of neutralization cross-reactivity in natural infection is critical for vaccine design. Here we describe the presence of additional Cysteine (Cys) residues in V1 that are enriched among people with elite neutralization breadth. Using >65,000 V1 sequences from the CATNAP database, the AMP trials and three large longitudinal HIV infection cohorts, the SHCS, ZPHI and CAPRISA studies, we show that Env variants with extra V1 Cys are present at low levels throughout infection and fluctuate in frequency over time within participants. We demonstrate an independent association of extra V1 Cys with elite plasma neutralization, and a strong preference for two versus one extra Cys, suggesting certain Envs introduce an additional disulfide bond for stabilization. We observed high levels of neutralization resistance among Envs from 34 bNAb donors, of which 17.6% had elongated V1 regions with extra Cys. We show that extra V1 Cys moderately increase neutralization resistance in an Env from a V2- Apex bNAb-inducer. Modulation of the accessibility of bNAb epitopes on this Env by extra V1 Cys enhanced epitope shielding of several regions, but increased V2 exposure. This suggests that escape from autologous neutralizing activity drove insertion of the extra V1 Cys, creating a modified antigen that may have favored V2 bNAb induction in this donor. Overall, we identify a rare motif of twin Cys in V1 that confers increased neutralization resistance and Env stabilization, is associated with bNAb induction, and may hold potential for incorporation into future HIV bNAb immunogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hesselman, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeeb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rusert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamrosh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kariuki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sickmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrich, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzner, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rindler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuster, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thebus, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yerly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leuzinger, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perreau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dollenmaier, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frigerio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westfall, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeCamp, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juraska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edupuganti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mgodi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrell, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullins, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williamson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Günthard, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouyos, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trkola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.05.611179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rare twin cysteine residues in the HIV-1 envelope variable region 1 link to neutralization escape and breadth development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel biomechanical model of the mouse forelimb predicts muscle activity in optimal control simulations of reaching movements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mice are key model organisms in neuroscience and motor systems physiology. Fine motor control tasks performed by mice have become widely used in assaying neural and biophysical motor system mechanisms. Although fine motor tasks provide useful insights into behaviors which require complex multi-joint motor control, there is no previously developed physiological biomechanical model of the adult mouse forelimb available for estimating kinematics nor muscle activity or kinetics during behaviors. Here, we developed a musculoskeletal model based on high-resolution imaging of the mouse forelimb that includes muscles spanning the neck, trunk, shoulder, and limbs. Physics-based optimal control simulations of the forelimb model were used to estimate in vivo muscle activity present when constrained to the tracked kinematics during reaching movements. The activity of a subset of muscles was recorded and used to assess the accuracy of the muscle patterning in simulation. We found that the synthesized muscle patterning in the forelimb model had a strong resemblance to empirical muscle patterning, suggesting that our model has utility in providing a realistic set of estimated muscle excitations over time when given a kinematic template. The strength of the similarity between empirical muscle activity and optimal control predictions increases as mice performance improves throughout learning of the reaching task. Our computational tools are available as open-source in the OpenSim physics and modeling platform. Our model can enhance research into limb control across broad research topics and can inform analyses of motor learning, muscle synergies, neural patterning, and behavioral research that would otherwise be inaccessible.

NEW & NOTEWORTHYInvestigations into motor planning and execution lack an accurate and complete model of the forelimb, which could bolster or expand on findings. We sought to construct such a model using high detail scans of murine anatomy and prior research into muscle physiology. We then used the model to predict muscle excitations in a set of reaching movements and found that it provided accurate estimations and provided insight into an optimal-control framework of motor learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gilmer, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coltman, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velasco, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Person, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Borno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.05.611289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel biomechanical model of the mouse forelimb predicts muscle activity in optimal control simulations of reaching movements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.11.612452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synergistic cross-kingdom host cell damage between Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.11.612452v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fungus Candida albicans and the Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis share mucosal niches in the human body. As opportunistic pathogens, both are found to expand population size during dysbiosis, and can cause severe systemic infections in susceptible individuals. Here, we show that the presence of C. albicans results in increased host cell damage by E. faecalis. Furthermore, E. faecalis aggravates oropharyngeal candidiasis in mice. Increased damage is mediated by enterococcal cytolysin, and involves both physical interaction and altered glucose availability. Physical interaction promotes accumulation of bacteria on host cells, facilitating contact of cytolysin with host cells. Glucose depletion by the metabolic activity of the fungus sensitized host cells to cytolysin. This work illustrates how a complex interplay between fungi and bacteria can result in detrimental consequences for the host.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kapitan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niemiec, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, M. E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czapka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdissa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veleba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nietzsche, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosig, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loffler, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makarewicz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vylkova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swidergall, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobsen, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.11.612452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synergistic cross-kingdom host cell damage between Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.12.612245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The preferential injury of outer renal medulla after ischemia-reperfusion relies on high oxidative metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.12.612245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and significant complication in critically ill patients, and its management remains a considerable challenge. The kidney is a highly metabolic organ, consuming and producing substantial amounts of ATP, mainly through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key factor in the pathophysiology of AKI and the progression to chronic kidney disease. The kidney is a complex organ, comprising millions of structural and functional units. These nephrons are composed of different cell types dwelling within specific metabolic microenvironment. Whether the metabolic spatialization in the kidney has consequences on tubular injury distribution and severity remains unclear.

In this study, we identified the high metabolic rate of the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM) and its substrate preference flexibility, relying on both glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to fulfill its ATP demands. We demonstrated that the OSOM is susceptible to mitochondrial and FAO impairment induced by propofol, the most used sedative in intensive care settings, which exacerbates tubular injury during AKI. In the clinical setting, the cumulative dose of propofol is positively correlated with oxidative metabolism disruption and histological and function outcomes in renal allograft recipients. Finally, we found that the loop of Henle, the OSOM major constituent, was the most injured segment during AKI in patients.

This study shows how renal metabolic spatialization impacts tubular injury severity. We identified the OSOM as the most metabolically active and the most injured region of the kidney both in humans and mice. We demonstrated that propofol is a potent inhibitor of renal mitochondrial function and FAO exacerbating tubular injury in the OSOM upon IRI.

Translational StatementO_LIAerobic metabolism is basally enhanced in the renal OSOM, including the S3 proximal tubule, the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and Distal Convoluted Tubule
C_LIO_LIPT cells as well as TAL cells are significantly targeted by injury in human AKI.
C_LIO_LIPropofol impairs renal mitochondrial function worsening tubular injury during ischemia reperfusion.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arnoux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verissimo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tihy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Placier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verney, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sangla, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paolucci, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Seigneux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sgardello, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naesens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadchouel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feraille, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khodo, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galichon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legouis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.12.612245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The preferential injury of outer renal medulla after ischemia-reperfusion relies on high oxidative metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profiling the physiological impact of aberrant folded-state protein filamentation in cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612878v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The formation of large polymeric structures such as cytoskeletal and enzyme filaments is crucial for normal cellular function. However, such filaments can also form due to mutations that create self-interactions at the surface of symmetric proteins. Often, the proteins forming these structures maintain a folded state and thereby differ from aggregates and amyloids that involve misfolding. We refer to this type of assemblies as agglomerates to mark this difference. While cells have quality control mechanisms to identify, buffer, and eliminate misfolded proteins, it is unclear whether similar mechanisms exist for agglomerates, or whether agglomerates are toxic to cells. Here, we profiled the physiological impact of mutation-induced folded-state protein filamentation in yeast cells. First, we devised a simple strategy to distinguish fluorescently labeled proteins forming agglomerates versus aggregates. We then profiled exogenous protein agglomerates in terms of their recognition by known quality control mechanisms, their effects on specific cellular processes and overall fitness on S. cerevisiae cultures. We found that agglomerates do not colocalize with the proteostasis machinery and do not result in measurable fitness defects. Proteomics profiling of cells expressing the wild type protein, agglomerating or misfolded variants revealed a consistent picture, with only minor, agglomerate-size-dependent changes observed and linked to the cell-wall and plasma-membrane proteins. Overall, our findings indicate that agglomerates form mostly benign structures in cells when compared to aggregates, and thereby offer a promising route for synthetic biology applications.

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Seisdedos, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lobov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojtynek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jona, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medalia, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.13.612878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profiling the physiological impact of aberrant folded-state protein filamentation in cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploiting correlations across trials and behavioral sessions to improve neural decoding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional neural decoders model the relationship between neural activity and behavior within individual trials of a single experimental session, neglecting correlations across trials and sessions. However, animals exhibit similar neural activities when performing the same behavioral task, and their behaviors are influenced by past experiences from previous trials. To exploit these informative correlations in large datasets, we introduce two complementary models: a multi-session reduced-rank regression model that shares similar behaviorally-relevant statistical structure in neural activity across sessions to improve decoding, and a multi-session state-space model that shares similar behavioral statistical structure across trials and sessions. Applied across 433 sessions spanning 270 brain regions in the International Brain Laboratory public mouse Neuropixels dataset, our decoders demonstrate improved decoding accuracy for four distinct behaviors compared to traditional approaches. These results generalize across additional datasets, species, and behavioral tasks. Unlike existing deep learning approaches, our models are interpretable and efficient, uncovering low-dimensional representations that predict animal decisions, quantifying single-neuron contributions to decoding behaviors, and identifying different activation timescales of neural activity across the brain. Code: https://github.com/yzhang511/neural_decoding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurwitz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Findling, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>International Brain Laboratory,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paninski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.14.613047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploiting correlations across trials and behavioral sessions to improve neural decoding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A combined approach to extract rotational dynamics of globular proteins undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The formation of protein condensates (droplets) via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a commonly observed phenomenon in vitro. Changing the environmental properties with cosolutes, molecular crowders, protein partners, temperature, pressure, etc. was shown to favour or disfavour the formation of protein droplets by fine-tuning the water-water, water-protein and protein-protein interactions. Therefore, these environmental properties and their spatiotemporal fine-tuning are likely to be important also in a cellular context at the existing protein expression levels. One of the key physicochemical properties of biomolecules impacted by molecular crowding is diffusion, which determines the viscoelastic behaviour of the condensates. Here we investigate the change in the rotational diffusion of {gamma}D-crystallin, undergoing LLPS in vitro in aqueous solutions in absence and presence of cosolutes. We studied its rotational dynamics using molecular dynamics simulations (MD), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. MD simulations performed under dilute and crowded conditions show that the rotational diffusion of crystallin in water is retarded by one to two orders of magnitude in the condensed phase. To obtain the rotational dynamics in the dilute phase we used fluorescence anisotropy and to extract the retardation factor in the condensed phase we used spin-labeled {gamma}D-crystallin proteins as EPR viscosity nanoprobes. Aided by a viscosity nanoruler calibrated with solutions at increasing sucrose concentrations, we validate the rotational diffusion retardation predicted by MD simulations. This study underlines the predictive power of MD simulations and showcases the use of a sensitive EPR nanoprobe to extract the viscosity of biomolecular condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gendreizig, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalarikkal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtbrügge, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galazzo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosspeintner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schäfer, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordignon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A combined approach to extract rotational dynamics of globular proteins undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Directional Cell-to-cell Transport in Plant Roots 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-to-cell communication is critical for multicellular organisms. In plants, plasmodesmata--cytoplasmic channels--enable molecular transport between adjacent cells. In roots, this transport is predicted to be essential in nutrient acquisition and delivery to the vasculature. We demonstrate that plasmodesmatal transport persists in differentiated roots, despite apoplastic barriers such as Casparian strips and suberin lamellae in the endodermis, suggesting plasmodesmata as the sole pathway for water and nutrient flow at this stage. We also reveal a developmental switch in plasmodesmata function resulting in an unidirectional transport in differentiated roots. A genetic screen identified mutations that disrupt this directionality, leading to bidirectional transport. These mutations correlate with larger plasmodesmatal apertures, linked to defects in pectin composition and cell wall organization. This discovery underscores the role of plasmodesmatal aperture regulation and pectin in controlling directional transport. Our findings provide insights into plasmodesmata function and their regulation in roots.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jacquier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiorenza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleard, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishna, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loubery, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre-Legendre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barberon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Directional Cell-to-cell Transport in Plant Roots]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How interactions between temperature and resources scale from populations to communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temperature and resources are fundamental factors that determine the ability of organisms to function and survive, while influencing their development, growth, and reproduction. Major bodies of ecological theory have emerged, largely independently, to address temperature and resource effects. It remains a major challenge to unite these ideas and determine the interactive effects of temperature and resources on ecological patterns and processes, and their consequences across ecological scales. Here, we propose a simple, physiologically motivated model capturing the interactive effects of temperature and resources (including inorganic nutrients and light) on the growth of microbial ectotherms over multiple ecological scales. From this model we derive a set of key predictions. At the population level, we predict (i) interactive effects of resource limitation on thermal traits, (ii) consistent differences in the temperature sensitivity of auto- and heterotrophs, and (iii) the existence of specific tradeoffs between traits that determine the shape of thermal performance curves. At the community level, we derive predictions for (iv) how limitation by nutrients and light can change the relationship between temperature and productivity. All four predictions are upheld, based on our analyses of a large compilation of laboratory data on microbial growth, as well as field experiments with marine phytoplankton communities. Collectively, our modeling framework provides a new way of thinking about the interplay between two fundamental aspects of life -- temperature and resources -- and how they constrain and structure ecological properties across scales. Providing links between population and community responses to simultaneous changes in abiotic factors is essential to anticipating the multifaceted effects of global change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kremer, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klausmeier, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litchman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How interactions between temperature and resources scale from populations to communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revisiting sour rot of grapevine through disease-associated microbiomes: a tripartite co-infection? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sour rot in grapevines is thought to result from berry infection by yeasts, acetic acid bacteria and vinegar flies. To better characterize the role of each of the actors involved in sour rot expression, we conducted experiments involving the isolation of 1593 fungi and bacteria to understand the composition and dynamics of the microbiomes associated with healthy berries, diseased berries and insect vectors. As some grape clusters became symptomatic for sour rot in the absence of acetic acid bacteria, the latter might not necessarily be needed for disease expression. Similar to other yeast genera, the yeast genus Geotrichum is here also reported for the first time to be able to initiate sour rot in grapes, however, this finding has to be confirmed by further studies. By allowing or denying the access of insect vectors to intact or artificially wounded grapes we could emphasize that they accelerate the expression of the disease when berries are injured. Moreover, the microbial communities identified on native vinegar flies (Drosophila spp.) and the introduced Drosophila suzukii were similar and yeast dominated. This highlights the key role of these insect vectors in the transmission of microorganisms inflicting sour rot to wounded berries. Finally, our data also suggest that sour rot and grey mould can coexist in a vineyard at an advanced stage of grape decomposition, which runs counter to recent studies that emphasize the supremacy of sour rot over grey mould.

IMPORTANCEThis study sheds new light on the complex interactions between microbiomes, insect vectors and physical factors favoring the development of sour rot. While previous studies suggested that acetic acid bacteria were mandatory for sour rot expression our results suggest that grape sour rot could also result solely from yeast infection. Moreover, native vinegar flies and the introduced D. suzukii host and vectorize a similar microbial community to injured berries in vineyards and their presence accelerates the infection process and consequently the expression of sour rot.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hevin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kehrli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buyck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gindro, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfender, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofstetter, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revisiting sour rot of grapevine through disease-associated microbiomes: a tripartite co-infection?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.21.614267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-enhancer profiling reveals ThPOK/ZBTB7B, a CD4+ cell lineage commitment factor, as a master regulator that restricts breast cancer cells to a luminal non-migratory phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.21.614267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite efforts to understand breast cancer biology, metastatic disease remains a clinical challenge. Identifying suppressors of breast cancer progression and mechanisms of transition to more invasive phenotypes could provide game changing therapeutic opportunities. Transcriptional deregulation is central to all malignancies, highlighted by the extensive reprogramming of regulatory elements that underlie oncogenic programs. Among these, super-enhancers (SEs) stand out due to their enrichment in genes controlling cancer hallmarks. To reveal novel breast cancer dependencies, we integrated the analysis of the SE landscape with master regulator activity inference for a series of breast cancer cell lines. As a result, we identified T-helper-inducing Poxviruses and Zinc-finger (POZ)/Kruppel-like factor (ThPOK, ZBTB7B), a CD4+ cell lineage commitment factor, as a breast cancer master regulator that is recurrently associated with a SE. ThPOK expression is highest in luminal breast cancer but is significantly reduced in the basal subtype. Manipulation of ThPOK levels in cell lines shows that its repressive function restricts breast cancer cells to an epithelial phenotype by suppressing the expression of genes involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), WNT/{beta}-catenin target genes, and the pro-metastatic TGF{beta} pathway. Our study reveals ThPOK as a master transcription factor that restricts the acquisition of metastatic features in breast cancer cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arcuschin, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahrizi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayaman, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiBenedetto, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salaberry, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zakroui, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarzer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scapozza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betancur, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saba, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppe, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcellos-Hoff, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kappes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van 't Veer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schor, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.21.614267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-enhancer profiling reveals ThPOK/ZBTB7B, a CD4+ cell lineage commitment factor, as a master regulator that restricts breast cancer cells to a luminal non-migratory phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repeated low-intensity focused ultrasound led to microglial profile changes at long term in TgF344-AD rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, represents one of the main clinical challenges of the century as the number of patients is predicted to triple by 2050. Despite the recent approval of three monoclonal antibodies targeting Amyloid {beta} (A{beta}) aggregates by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), immunotherapies still face challenges due to the difficulty of antibodies crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This necessitates administering large doses of drugs to achieve their therapeutic effects, which is associated with significant side effects. In this context, low-intensity focused ultrasound (LiFUS) appears as an innovative and non-invasive method which, in association with intravenous injection of microbubbles (MB), leads to a transient BBB opening. This innovative strategy has been extensively studied in different preclinical models and more recently in human clinical trials, particularly in the context of AD. LiFUS+MB increases the inflammatory response at short-term, but the time course of this response is not consistent between studies, certainly due to the discrepancy between LiFUS protocols used. Moreover, the impact at longer term is understudied and the mechanisms underlying this effect are still not well understood. In our study, we therefore used the TgF344-AD rat model of AD to investigate the effect of a single or multiple exposures to LiFUS+MB in a large volume of the brain on inflammatory response, tauopathy and amyloid load, at both early and advanced stages. The ultrasound attenuation through the skull was corrected to apply a peak negative acoustic pressure of 450 kPa in all treated animals. At an advanced disease stage, single LiFUS+MB exposure induces a slight astrocyte and microglial response 24 hours post-treatment whereas chronic LiFUS treatment is associated with a transient inflammatory response predominantly affecting microglial cells, which is no longer detectable 6 weeks post-treatment. At an early stage of pathology, LiFUS seems to induce microglial reprogramming, leading to the adaptation of gene expression related to key functions such as inflammatory response, mitochondrial and energetic metabolism. In our rat model and LiFUS+MB protocol conditions, a single LiFUS exposure reduced significantly highly aggregated A{beta}42 peptide concentration. Surprisingly, multiple exposures had this opposite effect at short-term but not at longer term.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abjean, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larrat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gueorguiev, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cailly, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fossey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomir, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsartsalis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tournier, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceyzeriat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repeated low-intensity focused ultrasound led to microglial profile changes at long term in TgF344-AD rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Immune Landscape of Tumor-Associated Macrophage Reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) generally acquire immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting phenotypes, which may contribute to tumor resistance to immunotherapy. We previously showed that suppression of microRNA activity through genetic Dicer1 inactivation rewires TAMs transcriptomes and prompts their immunostimulatory activation. This phenotypic switch enhanced recruitment and activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and improved the efficacy of immunotherapy in mouse cancer models. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of whole tumors grown in either wild-type mice or mice with macrophage-specific Dicer1 deletion. The analysis of multiple cell populations, including several discrete monocyte and macrophage subsets, indicated broad and convergent immunostimulatory programming of the tumor microenvironment, which was dependent on CTL-derived interferon-gamma (IFN{gamma}), in mice with DICER-deficient macrophages. Intriguingly, dynamic inferences on monocyte/macrophage ontogeny and differentiation by pseudotime analysis revealed trajectories associated with progression into cell cycle, monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, and transition from an immunostimulatory to an immunosuppressive phenotype in tumors with DICER-proficient macrophages. Dicer1 deficiency interfered with this trajectory and stalled TAMs at an intermediate state between immature monocytes and macrophages with T cell-stimulatory capacity, thereby impeding immunosuppressive TAM development. This translated into enhanced response to antiangiogenic immunotherapy in an immunotherapy-resistant model of non-small cell lung cancer. Cycling/M2-like macrophages were conserved in human melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma and should represent a more promising therapeutic target than the bulk of TAMs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duval, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lourenco, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boivin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyser-Rmili, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fournier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Palma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansouri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Immune Landscape of Tumor-Associated Macrophage Reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.616326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth compensation upon changes in tissue size in the Drosophila abdomen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.616326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Attaining the appropriate size during development is essential for the function of animal tissues and organs. Robust tissue size control implies the existence of compensatory mechanisms that allow developing systems to recover from growth perturbations. However, the difficulty of directly observing normal or compensatory developmental growth means we have little understanding of the cellular behaviours that confer robustness to tissue size control. Here, we study how growth perturbations affect proliferation kinetics and the timing of growth termination of Drosophila histoblasts, the progenitors that give rise to the adult abdominal epidermis. Histoblasts undergo extensive growth and proliferation during the pupal stage, which is accessible for long-term live-imaging and precise quantitative analysis. By manipulating cell number or volume prior to the pupal growth phase, we changed the starting size of the abdomen primordium, then observed how the histoblasts adapted to these changes by altering their growth dynamics. We show that, upon a decrease in starting tissue size, the histoblasts compensate by extending their temporal proliferative window, undergoing additional cell cycles, as well as increasing their apical area to maximise coverage of the abdominal surface. When initial tissue size is increased, the histoblasts undergo fewer division cycles and arrest proliferation earlier than normal. Thus, the proliferative window of this tissue is flexible enough to buffer for changes in tissue size. Our data also suggest that the histoblasts sense both spatial and temporal cues to arrest their growth at the appropriate time and ensure accurate tissue size control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairoli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangione, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ainslie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aerne, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.616326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth compensation upon changes in tissue size in the Drosophila abdomen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.616528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C. elegans homolog of Sjögrens Syndrome Nuclear Antigen 1 is required for the structural integrity of the centriole and bipolar mitotic spindle assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.616528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles play central roles in ciliogenesis and mitotic spindle assembly. Once assembled, centrioles exhibit long-term stability, a property essential for maintaining numerical control. How centriole stability is achieved and how it is lost in certain biological contexts are still not completely understood. In this study we show that SSNA-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of Sjogrens Syndrome Nuclear Antigen 1, is a centriole constituent that localizes close to the microtubule outer wall, while also exhibiting a developmentally regulated association with centriole satellite-like structures. A complete deletion of the ssna-1 gene results in an embryonic lethal phenotype marked by the appearance of extra centrioles and spindle poles. We show that SSNA-1 genetically interacts with the centriole stability factor SAS-1 and is required post assembly for centriole structural integrity. In SSNA-1s absence, centrioles assemble but fracture leading to extra spindle poles. However, if the efficiency of cartwheel assembly is reduced, the absence of SSNA-1 results in daughter centriole loss and monopolar spindle formation, indicating that the cartwheel and SSNA-1 cooperate to stabilize the centriole during assembly. Our work thus shows that SSNA-1 contributes to centriole stability during and after assembly, thereby ensuring proper centriole number.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pfister, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agostini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bournonville, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankaralingam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, Z. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biertumpfel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizuno, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.03.616528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C. elegans homolog of Sjögrens Syndrome Nuclear Antigen 1 is required for the structural integrity of the centriole and bipolar mitotic spindle assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616628v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The A-C Linker controls centriole cohesion and duplication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616628v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles are evolutionarily conserved barrel-shaped organelles playing crucial roles in cell division and ciliogenesis. These functions are underpinned by specific structural sub-elements whose functions have been under investigation since many years. The A- C linker structure, connecting adjacent microtubule triplets in the proximal region, has remained unexplored due to its unknown composition. Here, using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we characterized two recently identified A-C linker proteins, CCDC77 and WDR67, along with a newly discovered protein, MIIP. Our findings reveal that these proteins localize between microtubule triplets at the A-C linker, forming a complex. Depletion of A-C linker components disrupt microtubule triplet cohesion, leading to breakage at the proximal end. Co-removal of the A-C linker and the inner scaffold demonstrates their joint role in maintaining centriole architecture. Moreover, we uncover an unexpected function of the A-C linker in centriole duplication through torus regulation, underscoring the interplay between these protein modules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bournonville, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.616628</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The A-C Linker controls centriole cohesion and duplication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and function of the yeast amino acid-sensing SEAC-EGOC supercomplex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Seh1-associated complex (SEAC) transduces amino acid signals to the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1), a master regulator of cell growth located on the vacuole membrane. The SEAC acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Gtr1, a small GTPase that forms a heterodimer with Gtr2, and as part of the EGO complex (EGOC), relays nutrient signals to TORC1. The SEAC is composed of two subcomplexes, SEACIT, an inhibitor of TORC1 that contains the GAP activity, and SEACAT, that has been proposed to regulate the activity of SEACIT. However, molecular details of its regulation are unclear. Here, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the SEAC-EGOC supercomplex and studied its function in TORC1 amino acid signalling. A single SEAC can interact with two EGOC molecules via SEACIT, binding exclusively to the "active" version of the EGOC as their interaction depends on Gtr1 being loaded with GTP. SEACAT does not modulate nor interact with the EGOC. The GAP activity of the SEAC is essential for the regulation of TORC1 by amino acids, and its loss phenocopies the lack of Gtr1-Gtr2, establishing the SEAC-EGOC complex as an amino acid-sensing hub. Despite being located far from the active site, deletion of Sea2, or its N-terminal {beta}-propeller domain, also results in defects in amino acid signalling to TORC1. We propose that the SEAC-EGOC supercomplex integrates coatomer-like mechanisms of regulation via bidirectional feedback between GAP-GTPase (SEACIT-EGOC) and coat (SEACAT) modules that explain the functional interaction between Sea2 and the GAP activity. Given the conservation between the SEAC and its mammalian ortholog GATOR, we envision that this mechanism is similar in different organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tafur, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonadei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.05.616782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and function of the yeast amino acid-sensing SEAC-EGOC supercomplex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.07.616955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Animal acoustic communication maintains a universal optimum rhythm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.07.616955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most animals interact with conspecifics through acoustic signals that are modulated in frequency and rhythm. While small animals vocalize at higher pitch than large ones due to the smaller size of their vocal apparatus, the rules governing vocalization rhythms throughout the animal kingdom remain unknown. Vocal rhythms serve as a natural information parser, and one possibility is that they are constrained by the neural rhythms of transmitter and receiver, known to be relatively conserved across species and independent of their size. In this study, we quantified acoustic rhythms across taxa and investigated their evolutionary history with regard to phylogeny and selective pressure. In 98 species from six classes, we tested the main factors likely to influence their communication rhythms: morphology, physiology, social complexity, mastication and detectability. Phylogenetic modeling did not confirm the influence of these species-specific factors, but rather point to a scenario where acoustic communication rhythms have been maintained around an optimum at around 3Hz in the biological (neuronal) delta range (1-4Hz) well before the mammals split. These results suggest that the rhythm of acoustic communication signals, unlike their pitch, has a universal neural determinant that has been conserved throughout evolution, allowing for intra- and cross-species signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Piette, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cathcart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbieri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin Ming, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bickel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.07.616955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Animal acoustic communication maintains a universal optimum rhythm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative single-cell analyses reveal evolutionary repurposing of a conserved gene program in bat wing development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bats are the only mammals capable of self-powered flight, an evolutionary innovation based on the transformation of forelimbs into wings. The bat wing is characterized by an extreme elongation of the second to fifth digits and a wing membrane called chiropatagium connecting them. Here we investigated the developmental and cellular origin of this structure by comparing bat and mouse limbs using omics tools and single-cell analyses. Despite the substantial morphological differences between the species, we observed an overall conservation of cell populations and gene expression patterns including interdigital apoptosis. Single-cell analyses of micro-dissected embryonic chiropatagium identified a specific fibroblast population, independent of apoptosis-associated interdigital cells, as the origin of this tissue. These distal cells express a conserved gene program including the transcription factors MEIS2 and TBX3, which are commonly known to specify and pattern the early proximal limb. Transgenic ectopic expression of MEIS2 and TBX3 in mouse distal limb cells resulted in the activation of genes expressed during wing development and phenotypic changes related to wing morphology, such as the fusion of digits. Our results elucidate fundamental molecular mechanisms of bat wing development and illustrate how drastic morphological changes can be achieved through repurposing of existing developmental programs during evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schindler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feregrino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldrovandi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, B.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monaco, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ringel, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zehnder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behncke, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barclay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kragesteen, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagerling, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vingron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulitsky, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marti-Renom, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hechavarria, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fasel, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupianez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mundlos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Real, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.10.617585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative single-cell analyses reveal evolutionary repurposing of a conserved gene program in bat wing development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell shape noise strength regulates shape dynamics during EMT-associated cell spreading 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular shape is intimately linked to cell function and state, and transitions between cell states are tightly coupled to shape changes. Yet, shape has been largely overlooked in state transitions studies. Here, we combine morphometric analysis with theoretical modeling and molecular perturbations to interrogate cell shape dynamics during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Using stochastic inference, we extract the morphogenetic landscape underlying EMT. We show that within this landscape, EMT-associated cell spreading reflects a transition between shape attractors. Strikingly, we observe a peak in cell shape noise strength concomitant with spreading, and show that higher shape noise accelerates transitions between shape attractors. Our morphometric analysis framework will be widely applicable to quantitative cell shape investigations in physiology and disease. Together, our results identify a key role for cellular stochasticity as a regulator of shape change rate, and highlight that shape dynamics yield rich phenotypic information that enhances our understanding of cellular states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poenisch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanakieva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paluch, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell shape noise strength regulates shape dynamics during EMT-associated cell spreading]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-extrinsic controls over neocortical neuron fate and diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular diversity in the neocortex emerges gradually during prenatal and postnatal development. While environmental interactions occur during this extended maturation period, the impact of extrinsic cues on determining the fate of distinct neuron types remains unknown. To address this question, we exposed developing neocortical cells to various environmental conditions and examined how this affects cell fate and diversity. Our developmental analyses reveal a hierarchical molecular program in which cell class-distinguishing features emerge first, followed by subclass- and type-related characteristics, with distinct developmental paces among cell populations. Environmental contribution was assessed in vivo, using genetically modified mice models in which position or innervation are altered, and in vitro using two-dimensional cultures. Acquisition of cellular identity and diversity remained stable across in vivo models. In contrast, in vitro glutamatergic neurons showed decreased expression of identity-defining genes, reduced diversity and alterations in canonical cortical connectivity. Cellular identity and diversity were restored towards in vivo values in organotypic slice cultures. These findings reveal cell population-specific responses to environmental conditions and highlight the role of extracellular context in shaping cell diversity in the maturing neocortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baumann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morassut, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puiggros, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fievre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabaudon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-extrinsic controls over neocortical neuron fate and diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional study of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Seipin homolog highlights unique features of lipid droplets biogenesis in diatoms. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diatoms are a major phylum of microalgae, playing crucial ecological roles. They derive from secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga by an unknown heterotrophic eukaryote, leading to a complex intracellular organization. In response to unfavorable conditions (stress), diatoms store oil in lipid droplets (LD), raising interest for applications, in particular biofuels. In spite of numerous investigations aiming to increase their oil content, LD biogenesis mechanisms in these organisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we functionally characterized the homolog of Seipin, a major actor of LD biogenesis, in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PtSeipin shares conserved structural features with other Seipins, yet presents unique characteristics, that appear common to diatoms and more broadly Stramenopiles. We provide evidence that Stramenopiles Seipins were inherited from the host during secondary endosymbiosis. The localization of PtSeipin highlights that LD biogenesis can arise simultaneously from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plastids most external membrane. Finally, the knock-out of PtSeipin leads to a strong increase of TAG accumulation, a feature that is not observed in other organisms and is greatly enhanced following high light exposure. Our results suggest a redirection of lipid fluxes towards TAG synthesis, reduced TAG recycling or a combination of both.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le Moigne, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albrieux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahieu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrighi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si Larbi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>jouneau, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gros, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louwagie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amari, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carletti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnarde, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastien, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jouhet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marechal, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvaing, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.11.617903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional study of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Seipin homolog highlights unique features of lipid droplets biogenesis in diatoms.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.616959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mindfulness training impacts brain network dynamics linked to stress response in young adolescents. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.616959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) may lead to lower levels of psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and stress in adolescents. Past research has advanced the discovery of neural architecture recruited by MBI. However, the brain mechanisms through which mindfulness exerts more resilient responses to social stressors in teens remain unclear. Here, we examined how MBI modulates changes in brain network dynamics following social stress with different affective valence (i.e., neutral, negative, and positive). For this aim, we carried out a longitudinal randomized controlled trial in which non-clinical adolescents underwent MBI for 8 weeks. They completed a psychosocial stress task before and following MBI. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and self-reported measurements of psychological distress were collected in both measurement points (i.e., "pre" and "post" MBI). We computed co-activation patterns on fMRI data to characterize dynamic functional connectivity within whole-brain networks. The results depicted how MBI modulates transient co-activation changes in dorsal medial regions of the brain default network (DN) following the experience of stress. However, these brain changes were not specific to the affective valence of stressful stimuli. The relationship between the DN dynamics and the measurements of psychological distress was mediated by MBI. Globally, our findings support a model in which MBI causally mediate brain-behavior interactions related to psychosocial stress in adolescents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaviria, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peek, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brosset, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merglen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klauser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piguet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.16.616959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mindfulness training impacts brain network dynamics linked to stress response in young adolescents.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational generation of long-range axonal morphologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-range axons are fundamental to brain connectivity and functional organization, enabling communication between different regions of the brain. Recent advances in experimental techniques have yielded a substantial number of whole-brain axonal reconstructions. While most previous computational generative models of neurons have predominantly focused on dendrites, generating realistic axonal morphologies is challenging due to their distinct targeting. In this study, we present a novel algorithm for axon synthesis that combines algebraic topology with the Steiner tree algorithm, an extension of the minimum spanning tree, to generate both the local and long-range compartments of axons. We demonstrate that our computationally generated axons closely replicate experimental data in terms of their morphological properties. This approach enables the generation of biologically accurate long-range axons that span large distances and connect multiple brain regions, advancing the digital reconstruction of the brain. Ultimately, our approach opens up new possibilities for large-scale in-silico simulations, advancing research into brain function and disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berchet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petkantchin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markram, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.16.618695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational generation of long-range axonal morphologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.618984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Charting the landscape of cytoskeletal diversity in microbial eukaryotes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.618984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial eukaryotes are small and often resistant to standard labelling and imaging techniques, and therefore remain understudied - despite their critical ecological importance - with the exception of a few established models. Here, we use Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy (U-ExM) to carry out high-resolution volumetric imaging of over 200 cultured planktonic eukaryotes across major lineages. By combining U-ExM with pan- and specific immuno-labelling, we reveal novel microtubule and centrin-containing elements and assign molecular identities to enigmatic cytoskeletal structures observed previously only by electron microscopy. Our investigation represents the first systematic survey of the extensive cytoskeletal diversity on display across the eukaryotic tree, including the major species groups of dinoflagellates, haptophytes, ciliates, euglenids, cryptomonads, and green algae. Our U-ExM approach extends to mixed environmental samples, paving the way for environmental cell biology at ultrastructural resolution and unprecedented scale, a crucial step towards understanding and protecting complex ecosystems in the face of biodiversity loss.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mikus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellgoth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saint-Donat, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhickta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilbao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Txurruka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leisch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwab, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Husnik, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seoane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Probert, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.18.618984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Charting the landscape of cytoskeletal diversity in microbial eukaryotes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.618785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TORC2-regulated sterol redistribution mediates recovery from membrane perturbation by small amphipathic molecules. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.618785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To maintain plasma membrane (PM) integrity, cells need to acutely regulate PM lipid composition. The Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) complex 2 is a protein kinase that acts as a central regulator of PM homeostasis, but the mechanisms by which it monitors and reacts to membrane stresses are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized a family of amphiphilic molecules that physically perturb PM organization and in doing so inhibit TORC2 in yeast and mammalian cells. Using fluorescent lipid associated reporters in budding yeast, we show that these small molecules first cause a transient increase in the amount of biochemically accessible ergosterol at the PM. Contemporaneous TORC2 inhibition stimulates a rapid removal of accessible ergosterol from the PM by the PM-ER sterol transporters Lam2 and Lam4, necessary for TORC2 reactivation. Thus, we show that TORC2 acts in a feedback loop to control active sterol levels at the PM and introduce sterols as possible TORC2 signalling modulators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tettamanti, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kusmider, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kefauver, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.18.618785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TORC2-regulated sterol redistribution mediates recovery from membrane perturbation by small amphipathic molecules.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.619035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New assessment of teichoic acids in the cell envelope of Streptococcus pneumoniae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.619035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Teichoic acids (TA) are linear phospho-saccharidic polymers and important constituents of the cell envelope of Gram-positive bacteria, either bound to the peptidoglycan as wall teichoic acids (WTA) or to the membrane as lipoteichoic acids (LTA). The chemical composition of TA varies greatly but the presence of both WTA and LTA is highly conserved, hinting at an underlying fundamental function that is distinct from their numerous specific roles in diverse organisms. We report here the observation of a periplasmic space in the Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae by cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections. The thickness and appearance of this region change upon deletion of genes involved in the attachment of teichoic acids, supporting the role of TA in the maintenance of a periplasmic space in Gram-positive bacteria as a possible universal function. Consequences of these mutations were further examined by super-resolved microscopy (dSTORM), following metabolic and fluorophore coupling by click-chemistry in pulse and pulse-chase experiments. This novel labeling method also enabled in-gel analysis of cell fractions, revealing that LTA-containing membranes sediment at low centrifugal forces. Owing to this easy separation approach, we were able to titrate the actual amount of TA per cell and to determine the ratio of WTA to LTA. In addition, we followed the change of TA length during growth phases, and discovered that a mutant devoid of LTA accumulates the membrane-bound polymerized TA precursor.

SignificanceThe existence of a periplasmic space in Gram-positive bacteria has long been debated. The finding that compromising the attachment of teichoic acids changes the appearance and thickness of the periplasm in the pneumococcus indicates a role of these polymers in the maintenance of this space between the membrane and the cell wall. Metabolic labeling and electrophoresis showed that LTA-containing membranes are easily sedimented. This finding indicates that the LTA/WTA ratios reported in previous studies were likely underestimated, since most LTA were probably unknowingly discarded in these studies. Our method of TA analysis opens a new era in the investigation of these important and poorly known bacterial polymers and their role in the periplasmic space of Gram-positive organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyat, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laguri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chouquet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallet, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baudoin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grangeasse, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moriscot, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durmort, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morlot, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.18.619035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New assessment of teichoic acids in the cell envelope of Streptococcus pneumoniae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.21.619396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional and causal neural mechanisms of human voice perception in noisy situations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.21.619396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human communication entails an efficient way of simultaneously processing voice and reducing the impact of environmental noise. By manipulating background noise, we aimed at clarifying the neural mechanisms allowing voice comprehension in noisy situations. Our results point to spatial and temporal coexistence of lateral and medial temporal cortex networks when voice is easily detected in highly noisy conditions, revealing the necessary neural underpinnings of human communication in realistic situations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scariati, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fruhholz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.21.619396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional and causal neural mechanisms of human voice perception in noisy situations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The claustrum is critical for maintaining working memory information 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Working memory (WM) enables the mammalian brain to temporarily store and manipulate information, supporting cognitive tasks and communication processes1,2. Rather than depending on a single specialized area, WM is thought to operate through a distributed network spanning cortical and subcortical regions3-5. A dedicated WM storage area would likely require broad reciprocal connections with various cortical regions to accommodate the diverse range of information WM retains. The claustrum (CLA), with its extensive bidirectional connections to the neocortex6-9, presents a compelling candidate for such a role. Here, we examined the involvement of the CLA in WM processes by recording CLA neuronal activity in mice engaged in olfactory and tactospatial delayed non-match-to-sample WM tasks. We identified cue- selective and delay-specific neurons in the CLA that maintained activity for tens of seconds after the stimulus presentation ended. Additionally, population activity in the CLA allowed for decoding of cue identity post-stimulus, although this signal gradually declined over time, aligning with animal behavior. Remarkably, both chemo- and optogenetic inhibition of CLA neurons severely impaired WM performance across multiple types of stored information, highlighting the CLAs critical role during both cue encoding, delay periods, and target comparison phases. These findings challenge the view that no single brain area is essential for WM storage and support a role for the CLA as an essential WM storage hub.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharjee, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unsal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renfer, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The claustrum is critical for maintaining working memory information]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mitochondrial redox switch licenses the onset of morphogenesis in animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Embryos undergo pre-gastrulation cleavage cycles to generate a critical cell mass before transitioning to morphogenesis. The molecular underpinnings of this transition have traditionally centered on zygotic chromatin remodeling and genome activation1,2, as their repression can prevent downstream processes of differentiation and organogenesis. Despite precedents that oxygen depletion can similarly suspend development in early embryos3-6, hinting at a pivotal role for oxygen metabolism in this transition, whether there is a bona fide chemical switch that licenses the onset of morphogenesis remains unknown. Here we discover that a mitochondrial oxidant acts as a metabolic switch to license the onset of animal morphogenesis. Concomitant with the instatement of mitochondrial membrane potential, we found a burst-like accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide (O2-) during fly blastoderm formation. In vivo chemistry experiments revealed that an electron leak from site IIIQo at ETC Complex III is responsible for O2- production. Importantly, depleting mitochondrial O2- fully mimics anoxic conditions and, like anoxia, induces suspended animation prior to morphogenesis, but not after. Specifically, H2O2, and not ONOO-, NO, or HO*, can single-handedly account for this mtROS-based response. We demonstrate that depleting mitochondrial O2- similarly prevents the onset of morphogenetic events in vertebrate embryos and ichthyosporea, close relatives of animals. We postulate that such redox-based metabolic licensing of morphogenesis is an ancient trait of holozoans that couples the availability of oxygen to development, conserved from early-diverging animal relatives to vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kahlin, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalla Ricca, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillai, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tharp, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jao, L.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydogan, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mitochondrial redox switch licenses the onset of morphogenesis in animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Secondary motor cortex tracks decision value and supports behavioral flexibility during non-instructed choice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optimal decision-making relies on interconnected frontal brain regions, which permit animals to adapt their decisions based on their internal state, experience, and environmental context. Among them, the secondary motor cortex (M2) shows earlier decision-related activity required for sensory-guided action selection. However, the role of M2 in adaptive decision-making in the absence of instructive sensory cues remains unclear. Under such conditions, action-selection relies on abstract representations of actions and their values. Using in vivo microscopy and modeling, we showed that M2 neurons in mice exhibited persistent activity encoding decision values (DV) predicting the probability of action-selection during a non-cue-guided lever task. This was confirmed by the reduced reversal performance upon M2 optogenetic inhibition prior to action-selection. Furthermore, updates in DV determined the rate at which learning is reversed. Together, these results provide strong evidence of the use of DV by M2 to adapt choice in the absence of instructive sensory cues.

Declaration of interestsThe authors declare no competing financial interests.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Augusto, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouskoff, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenouard, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraudet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peltier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Miranda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambino, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Secondary motor cortex tracks decision value and supports behavioral flexibility during non-instructed choice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.30.620612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A hierarchical coordinate system for sequence memory in human entorhinal cortex. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.30.620612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Grid cells in rodent entorhinal cortex (EC) support a coordinate system for space, enabling robust memory and powerful flexibility in spatial behaviour. This coordinate system is abstract - with the same grid cells encoding position across different sensory environments; and hierarchical - with grid modules of increasing spatial scale occupying increasingly ventral locations in the EC. Recent theories suggest that a similar abstract coordinate system could offer the same benefits to general memories that are not sequences drawn from a 2D surface. Here we show that an abstract hierarchical coordinate system supports arbitrary sequences in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL). In single-unit recordings from MTL, we find abstract, coordinate-like coding of a simple sequential memory task. In an fMRI experiment with more complex hierarchical sequences, we discover an abstract hierarchical representation in EC: the coordinate representations at distinct levels in the hierarchy are arranged on an anatomical gradient along the ECs anterior-posterior axis, homologous to the ventro-dorsal axis in rodents. These results therefore mirror the anatomical gradient of grid cells in the rodent EC but now for arbitrary non-spatial sequences. Together they suggest that memories are scaffolded on a hierarchical coordinate system using common neuronal coding principles, aligned to preserved anatomy, across domains and species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shpektor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakermans, J. J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baram, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarnthein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ledergerber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imbach, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller-Seydlitz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barron, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, T. E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.30.620612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A hierarchical coordinate system for sequence memory in human entorhinal cortex.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale Quantification of Hemispheric Asymmetry in Cortical Maps Using Geometric Eigenmodes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hemispheric asymmetry is a universal property of brain organization with wide implications into brain function and structure, and diseases. This study presents a laterality index for characterizing hemispheric asymmetries that underlie cortical maps using geometric eigenmodes derived from human cortical surfaces.We develop a generalized design to quantify asymmetries across various cortical spatial scales. While the design is individual-specific, we implement normalization steps to enable unbiased comparisons across individuals. As a proof of concept, we validated the method on cortical maps of 545 subjects across two datasets, using fMRI maps of healthy individuals and tau-PET maps of patients across the Alzheimers disease continuum. Our results reveal that cortical regions in different canonical functional networks have connectivity patterns that entail different degrees of hemispheric asymmetry. Moreover, aggregates of the pathological tau protein manifest subtle asymmetries at varying spatial scales along the disease continuum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Milloz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strandberg, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anijärv, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stomrud, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmqvist, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spotorno, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ossenkoppele, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behjat, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale Quantification of Hemispheric Asymmetry in Cortical Maps Using Geometric Eigenmodes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Four ZIPs contribute to Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn acquisition at the outer root domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zinc (Zn), an essential micronutrient, plays a crucial role in plant development. However, the specific transporters involved in Zn uptake from the soil remain unclear in dicotyledonous. Using promoter-reporter lines in Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified several ZIP (Zn-regulated transporter, Iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like Protein) family members that are expressed in the epidermis and potentially involved in Zn acquisition from the outer root domain. ZIP2, ZIP3, ZIP5 and ZIP8 predominantly localize to the plasma membrane of epidermal and cortical cells, supporting their potential roles in metal uptake from the soil. Through physiology studies, ionomic profiling and genetic analysis, we determined that ZIP3 and ZIP5 are key contributors to Zn acquisition, while ZIP2 and ZIP8 are primarily involved in copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) acquisition respectively. Notably, ZIP3 and ZIP8 exhibit outer polarity in root epidermal cells, similar to IRT1, underscoring the significance of transporter polarity in mineral acquisition. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of metal uptake in plant roots and offer potential strategies for biofortification to enhance metal content in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ROBE, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legendre-Lefebvre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleard, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barberon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Four ZIPs contribute to Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn acquisition at the outer root domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.30.621018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Critical assay parameters facilitating confident detection of expression changes, fusions and short variants in RNA isolated from tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.30.621018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular assays based on next-generation sequencing of RNA can provide clinically relevant information by measuring gene expression levels, identifying gene fusions, aberrant transcript isoforms and detecting small variants. Nevertheless, achieving good performance and reliable result interpretation present a significant challenge.

In this work, we dissect the impact of various technical factors on the concurrent detection of several biomarker types using a hybridization enrichment-based targeted RNA sequencing applied to a cohort of more than one hundred samples derived from diverse solid tumors.

We demonstrate that several critical parameters inferred from the sequencing data should be controlled to interpret the results accurately. These include molecular coverage of reference genes as a proxy of RNA conversion, DNA content measure, and the extent of target molecular coverage. We summarize our findings with recommendations allowing maximum reliable information recovery from targeted RNA sequencing data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kubik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matyszczak, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toda, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magrinelli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helleboid, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezrukov, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryder, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.30.621018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Critical assay parameters facilitating confident detection of expression changes, fusions and short variants in RNA isolated from tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ER sensing of lipid metabolism drives PRA family-dependent regulation of COPII vesicle transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622448v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Newly synthesized secretory proteins and many lipids are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi prior to their ultimate destinations. The ER-to-Golgi transport must be tightly regulated during adaptation to environmental stress. However, the sensing mechanism and regulatory pathways governing the consecutive formation, budding and transportation of COPII vesicles from the ER remain insufficiently explored. Here, we present evidence indicating that COPII-mediated vesicle transport is transcriptionally controlled through the phosphatidic acid-dependent Opi1-Ino2/Ino4 regulatory circuit. Our analysis indicates that YIP3, a target gene of Ino2/Ino4, exerts a negative regulatory impact on COPII-mediated vesicle transport. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ino2/Ino4 but not Yip3 modulates Sar1 activation, the initial step in COPII vesicle formation, whereas Yip3 hinders Sec16 assembly on the ER membrane, thereby implying that Ino2/Ino4 governs COPII-mediated trafficking at multiple steps. Thus, this study provides the first evidence for an ER sensing system that transcriptionally fine-tunes multiple steps of anterograde vesicular transport in response to alterations in lipid composition of the ER membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nakazato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikema, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iguchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanaoka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karashima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yabuki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlarmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzano-Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilera-Romero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabido-Bozo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Linero, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iefuji, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muniz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ER sensing of lipid metabolism drives PRA family-dependent regulation of COPII vesicle transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Telomeric transposons are pervasive in linear bacterial genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotes have linear DNA and their telomeres are hotspots for transposons, which in some cases took over telomere maintenance. While many bacteria also have linear chromosomes and plasmids, no transposons were known to target bacterial telomeres. Here we show several families of independently evolved telomeric transposons in cyanobacteria and Streptomyces. While these elements have one specific transposon end sequence with the second boundary being the telomere, we can show they move using two transposon ends. Telomeres are transiently bridged by the telomere maintenance systems, providing a duplex substrate for mobilization of the element and the associated telomere. We identify multiple instances where telomeric transposons have replaced native telomeres, making the host cell dependent on the new telomere system for genome maintenance. This work indicates how telomeric transposons can promote gene transfer both between and within genomes, significantly influencing the evolutionary dynamics of linear genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fülöp, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schargel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petassi, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barabas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Telomeric transposons are pervasive in linear bacterial genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential Engagement of Associative-Limbic and Sensorimotor Regions of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia in Explicit vs. Implicit Emotional Processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emotional prosody processing involves a widespread network of brain regions, but the specific roles of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in explicit and implicit tasks are not well known or understood. This study investigated how the cerebellum and basal ganglia contribute to explicit (emotion categorization) and implicit (gender categorization) processing of emotional prosody, namely when attention is directly versus implicitly oriented towards the emotion of the voice stimuli, respectively. Twenty-eight healthy French-speaking participants (average age: 65 years old) underwent high-resolution functional MRI while performing explicit and implicit vocal emotion processing tasks. Neuroimaging results revealed--and replicated--that both tasks recruited a widespread network, including the superior temporal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, primary motor and somatosensory cortices, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The explicit task elicited stronger activations in the basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen) and cerebellar regions (Crus I/II, lobules VI, VIIb, and X), consistent with higher cognitive control demands. In contrast, the implicit task was associated with activations in cerebellar lobules IV-V, VI, VIII, and IX, along with the thalamus. Regression-based functional connectivity analyses further demonstrated stronger connectivity between the right cerebellar lobule IX and the putamen, as well as the cerebellar vermis (XII), particularly during implicit processing. These findings highlight the distinct contributions of the cerebellum and basal ganglia to emotional prosody processing, with explicit tasks engaging associative and cognitive control networks, while implicit tasks rely more on sensorimotor and automatic neural processing mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomasson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Constantin, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chassot, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cionca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential Engagement of Associative-Limbic and Sensorimotor Regions of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia in Explicit vs. Implicit Emotional Processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.625128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Old age variably impacts chimpanzee engagement and efficiency in stone tool use 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.625128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We know vanishingly little about how long-lived apes experience senescence in the wild, particularly with respect to their foraging behaviors, which are essential for survival. Some wild apes use tools during foraging and, given the additional cognitive and physical challenges presented by tool use, we predict that such behaviors are at a heightened risk of senescence. However, until the present, longitudinal analysis of the effects of progressive aging on wild ape tool-use behaviors has not been possible due to a lack of available data. In response to this research gap, we sampled data from a longitudinal video archive that contained footage of wild chimpanzees engaging in one of their most complex forms of tool use - the cracking of hard-shelled nuts with hammers and anvil stones, termed nut cracking - at an  outdoor laboratory at Bossou, Guinea. By sampling data over a 17-year period, we describe how the extent to which wild chimpanzees engage in - and efficiently perform - nut cracking changes between the ages of approximately 39-44 to 56-61 years of age. Over this extended sampling period, chimpanzees began attending experimental nut cracking sites less frequently than younger individuals. Several elderly chimpanzees exhibited reductions in efficiency across multiple components of nut cracking, including taking more time to select stone tools prior to use, and taking longer to crack open nuts and consume the associated pieces of kernel. Two chimpanzees also began using less streamlined behavioral sequences to crack nuts, including a greater number of actions (such as more numerous strikes of the hammer stone). Most notably, we report interindividual variability in the extent to which elderly chimpanzees tool-use behaviors changed during our sample period - ranging from small to profound reductions in tool engagement and efficiency - as well as differences in the specific aspects of nut cracking behaviors that changed for each individual as they aged. We discuss the possible causes of these changes with reference to research into senescence in captive primates, and provide future directions for research of primate aging in both captive and wild settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Howard-Spink, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuzawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hobaiter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida-Warren, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.25.625128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Old age variably impacts chimpanzee engagement and efficiency in stone tool use]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Dictyostelium discoideum - Mycobacterium marinum infection model, a powerful high throughput screening platform for anti-infective compounds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tuberculosis is among the worlds deadliest diseases, causing approximately 2 million deaths annually. The urgent need for new antitubercular drugs has been intensified by the rise of drug-resistant strains. Despite recent advancements, most hits identified through traditional target-based screening exhibit limited efficacy in vivo. Consequently, there is a growing demand for whole-cell-based approaches that directly utilize host-pathogen systems. The Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum host-pathogen system is a well-established and powerful alternative model system to study mycobacterial infections. In this article, the phenotypic host-pathogen protocol assay is presented here which relies on monitoring M. marinum during its infection of the amoeba D. discoideum. This assay is characterized by its scalability for high-throughput screening, robustness, and ease of manipulation, making it an effective system for compound screening. This system provides not only bacterial load readout via a bioluminescent M. marinum strain, but now also host survival and growth via a fluorescent D. discoideum strain enabling further host characterization by quantifying growth inhibition and potential cytotoxicity. Finally, the system was benchmarked with selected antibiotics and anti-infectives and calculated IC50s and MICs where applicable, demonstrating its capability to differentiate between antibiotics and anti-infective compounds.

ImportanceThis methods paper introduces a robust, scalable, and high-throughput phenotypic host-pathogen assay based on the well-established Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum system. In contrast to conventional target-based drug screening approaches, which often struggle to translate effectively in vivo, this platform directly monitors pathogen-host interactions, providing comprehensive insights into bacterial load, host survival, and potential cytotoxicity. By employing bioluminescent M. marinum and fluorescent D. discoideum strains, we validated the system using established antibiotics and anti-infective compounds, effectively distinguishing their effects through IC50 and MIC calculations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nitschke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.626613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Dictyostelium discoideum - Mycobacterium marinum infection model, a powerful high throughput screening platform for anti-infective compounds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.626976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular cloning and host range analysis of three cytomegaloviruses from Mastomys natalensis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.626976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Herpesvirus-based vectors are attractive for use as conventional or transmissible vaccines against emerging zoonoses in inaccessible animal populations. In both cases, cytomegaloviruses as members of the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae are particularly suitable for vaccine development as they are highly specific for their natural host species, infect a large proportion of their host population, and cause mild infections in healthy individuals. The Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) is the natural reservoir of Lassa virus, which causes deadly hemorrhagic fever in humans. M. natalensis was recently reported to harbor at least three different cytomegaloviruses (MnatCMV1, MnatCMV2 and MnatCMV3). Herein, we report the molecular cloning of three complete MnatCMV genomes in a yeast and bacterial artificial chromosome (YAC-BAC) hybrid vector. Purified viral genomes were cloned in yeast by single-step transformation-associated recombination (STAR cloning) and subsequently transferred to Escherichia coli for further genetic manipulation. Integrity of the complete cloned viral genomes was verified by sequencing, and replication fitness of viruses reconstituted from these clones was analyzed by replication kinetics in M. natalensis fibroblasts and kidney epithelial cells. We also found that neither parental nor cloned MnatCMVs replicated in mouse and rat fibroblasts, nor did they show sustained replication in baby hamster kidney cells, consistent with the expected narrow host range for these viruses. We further demonstrated that an exogenous sequence can be inserted by BAC-based mutagenesis between open reading frames M25 and m25.1 of MnatCMV2 without affecting replication fitness in vitro, identifying this site as potentially suitable for the insertion of vaccine target antigen genes.

ImportanceCytomegaloviruses recently discovered in the Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) are widespread within the M. natalensis population. Since these rodents also serve as natural hosts of the human pathogen Lassa virus (LASV), we investigated the potential suitability of M. natalensis CMVs (MnatCMVs) as vaccine vectors. We describe the cloning of three different MnatCMV genomes as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs). Replicative capacity and species specificity of these BAC-derived MnatCMVs were analyzed in multiple cell types. We also identified a transgene insertion site within one of the MnatCMV genomes suitable for the incorporation of vaccine target antigens. Together, this study provides a foundation for the development of MnatCMVs as transmissible MnatCMV-based LASV vaccines to reduce LASV prevalence in hard-to-reach M. natalensis populations and thereby zoonotic transmission to humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Staliunaite, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puhach, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostermann, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenke, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oestereich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldmann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davison, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvis, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brune, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.05.626976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular cloning and host range analysis of three cytomegaloviruses from Mastomys natalensis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.627904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cold stress involves CBF dependent regulatory pathway to remodel wood formation in Eucalyptus gunnii hybrids. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.627904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While being the most planted tree worldwide, most Eucalyptus species are sensitive to frost. Long-term exposure to cold temperatures, among other abiotic cues, triggers modification of secondary xylem differentiation in Eucalyptus, but the molecular mechanisms behind it remain unknown. Overexpression of key players of cold signalling pathway, the CRT-repeat binding factors (CBF), not only causes the expected increase in freezing tolerance but also remodels wood in a similar trend to cold acclimation, making it a good candidate for wood functional adaptation to cold stress. To gain insight in CBF role in cold-induced secondary cell wall (SCW) remodelling, we used both targeted and untargeted methodologies to show that chilling and freezing temperatures induced the deposition of a thick SCW with alterations in lignin and polysaccharides composition as well as modifications of wood anatomy in a Eucalyptus cold-tolerant hybrid. Using co-expression network approaches, we identified CBF transcription factors (TFs) as a regulatory hub in xylem cold response. Direct targets of the CBF TFs were identified by DAPseq and unravelled promising candidates involved in SCW deposition and hormonal signalling pathways. Our results shed new light on the interplay between cold response and wood formation, bringing new evidence for the role of the cell wall in trees tolerance to abiotic stresses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bachir, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ployet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>San Clemente, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladouce, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pettenati, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teulieres, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassan-Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mounet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.11.627904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cold stress involves CBF dependent regulatory pathway to remodel wood formation in Eucalyptus gunnii hybrids.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.19.629203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modification of the microstructure of the CERN- CLEAR-VHEE beam at the picosecond scale modifies ZFE morphogenesis but has no impact on hydrogen peroxide production. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.19.629203v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
FLASH has emerged as a significant breakthrough for the future of radiation oncology, as it reduces complications while preserving the tumor killing efficacy. To define the beam parameters for future clinical translation, Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE) delivered at CLEAR and able to reach deep seated tumors were used in conjunction with a FLASH-validated Intermediate Energy Electron (IIE) beam and a 160-225 keV X-ray beam, collectively able to deliver dose rates spanning from 1 Gy/min to 1011 Gy/s. High-throughput chemical assays were used to investigate radiochemical effects of FLASH, while zebrafish embryos served as a model to evaluate its impact on biological outcomes and morphogenesis. This study is the first comprehensive exploration investigating the impact of a large range of dose rates and various temporal parameters from early physico-chemical events to a complex biological system. Data derived at CLEAR revealed that the intensity of the bunch is a critical factor for observing the sparing effect of FLASH and uncovered an unforeseen biological response when electrons are delivered over the picosecond timescale. Present data also suggests that scanning with high intensity beamlets will be optimal for the future clinical translation of FLASH.

HighlightsTo investigate the physics parameters required to trigger the FLASH sparing effect, CLEAR/VHEE/CERN beam macro/microstructure was varied. We show that delivery at the picosecond scale:

- reduces alteration in the morphogenesis of zebrafish embryos, but
- has no impact on secondary hydrogen peroxide production,


Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=175 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/629203v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1df896aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b6b824org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f35964org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@171d60f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kacem, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korysko, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollivier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsoutsou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinotti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieker, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farabolini, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldacchino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loo, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limoli, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosanjh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corsini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vozenin, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.19.629203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modification of the microstructure of the CERN- CLEAR-VHEE beam at the picosecond scale modifies ZFE morphogenesis but has no impact on hydrogen peroxide production.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.19.629340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global patterns of genetic admixture reveal effects of language contact 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.19.629340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When speakers of different languages are in contact, they often borrow features like sounds, words, or syntactic patterns from one language to the other, but the lack of historical data has hampered estimation of this effect at a global scale. We break out of this impasse by using genetic admixture as a proxy for population contact. We find that language pairs whose speaker populations underwent genetic admixture or that are located in the same geo-historical area share more features than others, suggesting borrowing. The effect varies strongly across features, partly following expectations from differences in lifelong learnability, partly responding to differences in social imbalances during contact. Additionally, we find that for some features, admixture decreases sharing. This likely reflects signals of divergence (schismogenesis) under contact.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Graff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blasi, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ringen, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bavelier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pakendorf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbieri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bickel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.19.629340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global patterns of genetic admixture reveal effects of language contact]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.21.629509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The biophysical mechanism of mitochondrial pearling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.21.629509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial networks exhibit remarkable dynamics that are driven in part by fission and fusion events. However, there are other reorganizations of the network that do not involve fission and fusion. One such exception is the elusive, "beads-on-a-string" morphological transition of mitochondria. During such transitions, the cylindrical tubes of the mitochondrial membrane transiently undergo shape changes to a string of "pearls" connected along thin tubes. These dynamics have been anecdotally observed in many contexts and given disparate explanations. Here we unify these observations by proposing a common underlying mechanism based on the biophysical properties of tubular fluid membranes for which it is known that, under particular regimes of tension and pressure, membranes reach an instability and undergo a shape transition to a string of connected pearls. First, we use high-speed light-sheet microscopy to show that transient, short-lived pearling events occur spontaneously in the mitochondrial network in every cell type we have examined, including primary fibroblasts, T-cells, neurons, and budding yeast. We present evidence that transient mitochondrial pearling occurs during important biological events, particularly during T cell activation, neuronal firing, and replicative senescence. Using our high-temporal resolution data, we identify two distinct categories of spontaneous pearling, i) internal pressure-driven pearling generated by ionic flux, and ii) external tension-driven pearling generated by the cytoskeleton. By applying live-cell STED and FIB-SEM imaging we document the structural reorganization of inner cristae membranes during mitochondrial pearling and the role of the MICOS complex in regulating the frequency of pearling events. We then establish numerous methods for inducing pearling, including the ability to induce these dynamics with single mitochondrion precision. These methods include ionophores, channel activators, osmotic shock, detergents, laser stimulation, membrane intercalating molecules, chemical fixation, and micro-needle force. These disparate inducers establish three main physical causes of pearling, i) ionic flux producing internal osmotic pressure, ii) membrane packing lowering bending elasticity, and iii) external mechanical force increasing membrane tension. Pearling dynamics thereby reveal a fundamental biophysical facet of mitochondrial biology. We suggest that pearling should take its place beside fission and fusion as a key process of mitochondrial dynamics, with implications for physiology, disease, and aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sturm, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hake, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, A. E. Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rux, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millett-Sikking, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tharp, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Closser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waite, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Precido-Lopez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumont, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landoni, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.21.629509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The biophysical mechanism of mitochondrial pearling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VSIG4-Expressing Macrophages Contribute To Anti-Parasitic And Anti-Metastatic Responses In The Peritoneal Cavity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peritoneal tissue-resident macrophages, also referred to as large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs), play an important role as gatekeepers of peritoneal homeostasis by providing a first line of defense against pathogenic threats. About a third of the LPMs express the surface receptor V-set and Immunoglobulin domain containing 4 (VSIG4), but it is unclear to what extent these cells differ from their VSIG4-negative counterparts and perform dedicated functions. Here, we demonstrate that VSIG4+ LPMs, in contrast to VSIG4- LPMs, are in majority derived from embryonal precursors and their occurrence is to a large extent independent from sex and microbiota. Although their transcriptome and surface proteome are indistinguishable from VSIG4- LPMs at steady-state, VSIG4+ LPMs are superior in phagocytosing Gram-positive bacteria and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. In-house generated anti-VSIG4 nanobody constructs that are antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)-enabled allowed a selective elimination of the VSIG4+ LPM subset without affecting the overall LPM content of the peritoneal cavity. This strategy uncovered a role for VSIG4+ LPMs in lowering the first peak of parasitemia in a Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection model and in reducing the outgrowth of CRC cells in the peritoneal cavity, a prime metastatic site in CRC patients. Altogether, our data uncover a protective role for VSIG4+ LPMs in infectious and oncological diseases in the peritoneal cavity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Ginderachter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebegge, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kancheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Craenenbroeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardet, P. M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caro, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jumapili, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mora Barthelmess, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zivalj, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assaf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkrim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demuytere, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jonge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadadi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devoogdt, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vereecke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceelen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stijlemans, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laoui, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnouk, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.23.630094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VSIG4-Expressing Macrophages Contribute To Anti-Parasitic And Anti-Metastatic Responses In The Peritoneal Cavity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain activation for language and its relationship to cognitive and linguistic measures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Language learning and use relies on both domain-specific and domain-general cognitive and sensory-motor functions. Evolutionary and developmental perspectives, as well as the use of language in interaction, suggest an overlap between language and other skills. Building on our previous behavioural findings, which outlined a consistent behavioural association between language and domain-general skills, we investigated brain-behavioural associations using story listening during fMRI and behavioural measures of language, reading, multilingual experience, cognition, musicality, arithmetic, and motor skills. Participants varied in multilingual language experience and reading aptitudes, including both typical (TRs) and dyslexic readers (DRs). Using multivariate Partial Least Squares correlation, we identified a main component linking cognitive, linguistic, and phonological measures to brain areas underlying lexico/semantics, combinatorial processing, and amodal semantic processing. A second analysis excluding DRs showed closer associations between cognitive/linguistic, literacy, phonological and memory processes within the same brain network as in the full sample. Here, we also isolated additional, complementary components, including one involving speed, automatization and lexical access, linked to auditory and motor brain areas. This suggests greater coherence and more integrated,  expert processing in TRs. This work is a first step in exploring complex relationships between language and non-linguistic functions that are important to it.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balboni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rampinini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepinska, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthele, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golestani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.31.630909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain activation for language and its relationship to cognitive and linguistic measures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SDS-22 stabilizes the PP1 catalytic subunits GSP-1/-2 contributing to polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many cells, cell polarity depends on the asymmetric distribution of the conserved PAR proteins, maintained by a balanced activity between kinases and phosphatases. The C. elegans one-cell embryo is polarized along the anterior-posterior axis, with the atypical protein kinase C PKC-3 enriched in the anterior, and the ring finger protein PAR-2 in the posterior. PAR-2 localization is regulated by PKC-3 and the PP1 phosphatases GSP-1/-2. Here, we find that, similar to GSP-2 depletion, depletion of the conserved PP1 interactor SDS-22 results in a partial rescue of the polarity defects of a pkc-3 temperature-sensitive mutant. Consistent with the rescue, SDS-22 depletion or mutation results in reduced GSP-1/-2 protein levels and activity. The decreased levels of GSP-1/-2 can be rescued by reducing proteasomal activity. Our data suggest that SDS-22 contributes to polarity by protecting the GSP-1 and GSP-2 catalytic subunits from proteasome-mediated degradation, supporting recent data in human cells showing the SDS22 is required to stabilize nascent PP1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.07.631699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SDS-22 stabilizes the PP1 catalytic subunits GSP-1/-2 contributing to polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pluripotency factors enhance the firing efficiency of late DNA replication origins in mouse embryonic stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA replication initiates at genomic loci known as origins, which fire according to a spatiotemporal program, still not yet well-defined in mammals. Here, we investigated whether pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), which proliferate rapidly and have very short G1 phases, have a different spatiotemporal origin firing program than differentiated cells. Using EdU-seq combined with various cell cycle synchronization methods, we identified DNA replication initiation zones (IZs) in mESCs, mesenchymal stem cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Similar profiles of IZs were present in the early-replicating genomic domains in all cell types. Uniquely in mESCs, we observed, within 1-2 hours of entry into S phase, origin firing at IZs that mapped to the mid and late-replicating genomic domains. This change in the replication timing program, which did not lead to shortening of the length of S phase, was driven by pluripotency transcription factors, notably OCT4, as documented by examining mESCs in which OCT4 expression was transiently suppressed. We propose that pluripotency factors in mESCs bind to IZs at mid and late-replicating genomic domains to enhance chromatin accessibility, which in turn leads to changes in the replication timing program. These results provide an example of how transcription factors control DNA replication in a cell type-specific manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Carballo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dionellis, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ntallis, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halazonetis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.07.631761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pluripotency factors enhance the firing efficiency of late DNA replication origins in mouse embryonic stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EPISeg: Automated segmentation of the spinal cord on echo planar images using open-access multi-center data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the spinal cord is relevant for studying sensation, movement, and autonomic function. Preprocessing of spinal cord fMRI data involves segmentation of the spinal cord on gradient-echo echo planar imaging (EPI) images. Current automated segmentation methods do not work well on these data, due to the low spatial resolution, susceptibility artifacts causing distortions and signal drop-out, ghosting, and motion-related artifacts. Consequently, this segmentation task demands a considerable amount of manual effort which takes time and is prone to user bias. In this work, we (i) gathered a multi-center dataset of spinal cord gradient-echo EPI with ground-truth segmentations and shared it on OpenNeuro https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds005143/versions/1.3.0, and (ii) developed a deep learning-based model, EPISeg, for the automatic segmentation of the spinal cord on gradient-echo EPI data. We observe a significant improvement in terms of segmentation quality compared to other available spinal cord segmentation models. Our model is resilient to different acquisition protocols as well as commonly observed artifacts in fMRI data. The training code is available at https://github.com/sct-pipeline/fmri-segmentation/, and the model has been integrated into the Spinal Cord Toolbox as a command-line tool.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaptan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tinnermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatibi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dabbagh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kündig, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, C. S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfyffer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lythgoe, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsivaka, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eippert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muhammad, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glover, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haynes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haaker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, J. C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finsterbusch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martucci, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemmerling, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobarak-Abadi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoggarth, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bright, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinany, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kowalczyk, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freund, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barry, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahdat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schading, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parish, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchand-Pauvert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Leener, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen-Adad, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.07.631402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EPISeg: Automated segmentation of the spinal cord on echo planar images using open-access multi-center data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural correlates of approach and avoidance tendencies toward physical activity and sedentary stimuli: An fMRI study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Automatic tendencies toward physical activity and sedentary stimuli are involved in the regulation of physical activity behavior. However, the brain regions underlying these automatic tendencies remain largely unknown. Here, we used an approach-avoidance task and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 42 healthy young adults to investigate whether cortical and subcortical brain regions underpinning reward processing and executive function are associated with these tendencies. At the behavioral level, results showed more errors in avoidance behavior following sedentary stimuli than physical activity stimuli. At the brain level, avoidance behavior following sedentary stimuli was associated with more activation of the motor control network (dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, primary and secondary motor cortices, somatosensory cortex). In addition, increased activation of the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus -- and structural deformation of the right hippocampus - were associated with a tendency toward approaching sedentary stimuli. Together, these results suggest that avoiding sedentary stimuli requires higher levels of behavioral control than avoiding physical activity stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheval, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igloi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Ruitenbeek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisgontier, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.10.632302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural correlates of approach and avoidance tendencies toward physical activity and sedentary stimuli: An fMRI study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High Performance protocol for ultra-short DNA sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.632410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In recent years, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) has gained substantial attention across various domains of nucleic acids research, owing to its unique advantages over other sequencing platforms. Originally developed for long-read sequencing, ONT technology has evolved, with recent advancements enhancing its applicability beyond long reads to include short, synthetic DNA-based applications. However, sequencing short DNA fragments with nanopore technology often results in lower data quality, likely due to a lack of protocols optimised for these fragment sizes. To address this challenge, we refined the standard ONT library preparation protocol to improve its performance for ultra-short DNA targets. Utilising the same core reagents required for conventional ONT workflows, we introduced targeted alterations to enhance compatibility with shorter fragment lengths. We then benchmarked these adjustments against libraries prepared using the standard ONT protocol. Here, we present a comprehensive, step-by-step protocol that is accessible to researchers of varied technical expertise, facilitating high-quality sequencing of ultra-short DNA fragments. This protocol represents a significant improvement in sequencing quality for short DNA fragments using ONT technology, broadening the range of possible applications.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=167 SRC="FIGDIR/small/632410v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zemaitis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palepsiene, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juzenas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzbutas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgi, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charmet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angeloni Suter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jost, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raisutis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galminas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.10.632410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High Performance protocol for ultra-short DNA sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.11.628830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SAPID: a Strategy to Analyze Plant Extracts Taste In Depth. Application to the complex tasteof Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.11.628830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bitterness is challenging to analyze due to the diversity of bitter compounds, variability in sensory perception, and its interplay with other tastes. To address this, we developed an untargeted approach to deconvolute the taste and molecular composition of complex plant extracts. We applied our methodology to an ethanolic extract of Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst., a plant known for its unique bitterness. Chemical characterization was performed through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments together with untargeted liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry analysis coupled to a charged aerosol detector. After clustering the fractions based on chemical similarity, we performed free sensory analysis and classical descriptive analysis on each cluster. Our results confirmed the attribution of bitterness to iridoids and highlighted the role of other important compounds in the overall taste. This method offers a systematic approach to analyzing and enhancing the taste profiles of plant-based beverages.

HighlightsO_LIAn untargeted method to analyze in depth plant extracts taste and chemical composition has been developed.
C_LIO_LIThe attribution of the bitterness of an ethanolic extract of Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst. to well-known bitter major and minor iridoids was confirmed using untargeted methods.
C_LIO_LIChemically informed tasting allowed to highlight other less pronounced tastes within the extract, contributing to its overall complexity.
C_LIO_LIChemically informed tasting led to interesting insights into the sub-threshold impact on taste and taste modulating properties.
C_LI

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rutz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deneulin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonutti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bach, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfender, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.11.628830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SAPID: a Strategy to Analyze Plant Extracts Taste In Depth. Application to the complex tasteof Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.631985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissular glucocorticoid reactivating enzyme 11beta-HSD1 drives pathogenic myofibroblast differentiation in chronic kidney disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.631985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health crisis, affecting over 10% of the global population and significantly increasing mortality and morbidity. Irrespective of its underlying cause, tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a hallmark of CKD progression, with myofibroblasts being the primary effectors of renal fibrosis.

Here, we show that 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11{beta}-HSD1) is a critical driver of pathogenic myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis in CKD. Using genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of 11{beta}-HSD1 in mouse models, we demonstrate a marked reduction in TIF severity and improved renal function, linked to the suppression of a regulatory myofibroblast (Reg-MF) subpopulation.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data reveal that 11{beta}-HSD1 is essential for the activation and expansion of Reg-MFs, which is conserved across species and predicts worse outcomes in CKD patients and kidney allograft recipients.

These findings establish a direct link between 11{beta}-HSD1 activity and renal fibrogenesis, highlighting its role during the transition from pericytes to pathogenic Reg-MFs. Our results support 11{beta}-HSD1 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate CKD progression, offering both mechanistic insights and translational potential for improving patient outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arnoux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legouis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tihy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yvon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liaudet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poinot, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SASSI, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lempke, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monnay, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chassot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourquin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moll, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somm, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutkowski, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenger, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naesens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odermatt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nlandu Khodo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pommier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feraille, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.631985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissular glucocorticoid reactivating enzyme 11beta-HSD1 drives pathogenic myofibroblast differentiation in chronic kidney disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.15.633147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct modes of dopamine modulation on striatopallidal synaptic transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.15.633147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine (DA) affects voluntary movement by modulating basal ganglia function. In the classical model, DA depletion leads to overactivity of the indirect pathway and excessively inhibits the thalamus, resulting in hypokinesia. The contribution of DA on striatopallidal synapses, an initial hub in the indirect pathway connecting the striatum to the external globus pallidus (GPe), remains poorly understood because of the sparse DA innervation. Here, we combine optogenetic projection targeting, whole cell patch clamp recordings in acute brain slices from mice, and computational modeling to overcome this limitation. We show that DA activates D2R receptors (D2Rs) and D4 receptors (D4Rs) differentially in distinct GPe subregions. In a pinwheel-like fashion, dorsolateral and ventromedial GPe expresses high levels of D2Rs, which exert presynaptic inhibition, while in dorsomedial and ventrolateral GPe D4Rs cause postsynaptic inhibition. DA depletion by 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine) reverses the region- specific effect of DA, shifting it in the opposite direction and contributing to hypokinesia. These findings reveal the mechanism by which the different modality information conveyed spatially through the indirect pathway is differentially modulated by DA at striatopallidal synapses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.15.633147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct modes of dopamine modulation on striatopallidal synaptic transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.632958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A High-Throughput Bone Marrow 3D Co-Culture System to Develop Resistance to B Cell Receptor Signaling Targeted Agents in B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.632958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
B cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a central role in the pathogenesis of B cell lymphomas, making it a crucial therapeutic target. The advent of BCR-targeted inhibitors, particularly those directed at PI3K and BTK, has revolutionized treatment for B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). However, therapeutic resistance remains a significant clinical challenge. Increasing evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, is crucial in driving cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The BM microenvironment provides a specialized niche where lymphoma cells can evade therapy through interactions with stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) contribute significantly to this resistance.

In this study, we developed an in vitro 3D model to better understand B cell lymphoma biology and drug resistance mechanisms. We co-cultured lymphoma cell lines with primary BMSCs in a 3D fibrin gel matrix using a high-throughput and automated system. Our results revealed that BMSCs modulate lymphoma cell growth and reduce their sensitivity to the PI3K inhibitor copanlisib and the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib. Furthermore, this model allowed us to identify IGFBP-3, Serpin E1, and PTX-3 as potential mediators of therapeutic resistance. These findings underscore the value of using 3D co-culture models in preclinical settings to more accurately study drug resistance, as they more closely simulate the BM microenvironments complexity than traditional 2D models, thus improving the predictive value of drug testing in B cell lymphomas.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zadro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arribas, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colombo, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spriano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cascione, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mensah, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simonetta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrigoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Candrian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moretti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertoni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.14.632958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A High-Throughput Bone Marrow 3D Co-Culture System to Develop Resistance to B Cell Receptor Signaling Targeted Agents in B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.21.634058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
p16.1 and p16.2, new HSPC markers, play redundant roles in zebrafish T-cell lymphopoiesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.21.634058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the recent years, the zebrafish model has become a first-choice animal model in the field of hematopoiesis, due to extra-uterine development and optical transparency that allow an easy observation of early stages of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) development. Here, we characterized the function of two undescribed genes, si:ch211-214p16.1 and si:ch211-214p16.2 (shortened p16.1 and p16.2) that are expressed by HSPCs, as early as their emergence. By combining different strategies, we have demonstrated that p16.1 and p16.2 play redundant roles in embryonic thymopoiesis. Knocking-down both genes at the same time - or one gene in the mutant background for the other gene - impaired HSPCs commitment towards lymphoid fate and homing to the thymus. However double mutant embryos did not show any phenotype. As these double-mutant animals were viable, their thymocytes were compared to their wild-type counterparts by RNA sequencing, revealing that double mutant thymocytes compensated the lack of p16.1 and p16.2 by upregulating genes involved in chemotaxis and cell migration. One of these transcripts, ccr9b, was indeed validated as an important regulator of thymic homing in double mutant embryos, only. In summary, we found two new markers of embryonic HSPCs, functionally linked to lymphoid fate. The description of such markers will be important for our understanding of heterogeneity among emerging HSPCs in the embryo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gomez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BERTRAND, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.21.634058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[p16.1 and p16.2, new HSPC markers, play redundant roles in zebrafish T-cell lymphopoiesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.634331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-translational assembly promotes functional diversification of paralogous proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.634331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Homomeric proteins are ubiquitous and mediate myriads of cellular functions. When a gene encoding a homomer duplicates, the resulting paralogs can either form distinct homomers, or evolve into a heteromer containing both paralogs. While such events have extensively shaped proteomes, the molecular mechanisms driving these fates and their associated functional consequences remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis tracing gene duplication histories of 7,377 human paralogs across the eukaryotic lineage and identified their fates using protein interaction data. Simulations and data analyses show that cellular constraints must act as barriers to disfavor heteromerization and promote homomerization. We found that multiple cellular and molecular constraints can serve as barriers, including the lack of co-expression and co-localization. The main barrier, however, is co-translational assembly, which naturally promotes the self-assembly of each paralog from its corresponding mRNA, thus hindering heteromerization. We further established that heteromerization constrains functional divergence, with homomeric paralogs exhibiting stronger signatures of adaptive evolution and functional divergence compared to heteromeric paralogs. Together, these findings identify key biochemical and cellular properties that explain protein function diversification following gene duplication.

One Sentence SummaryCo-translational assembly drives the selective homo-oligomerization of paralogs, which in turn promotes their functional divergence.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=180 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/634331v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b17418org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3d0a61org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1747aeaorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@31b931_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mallik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisneros, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.22.634331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-translational assembly promotes functional diversification of paralogous proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decaying and expanding Erk gradients process memory of skeletal size during zebrafish fin regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regeneration of an amputated salamander limb or fish fin restores pre-injury size and structure, illustrating the phenomenon of positional memory. Although appreciated for centuries, the identity of position-dependent cues and how they control tissue growth are not resolved. Here, we quantify Erk signaling events in whole populations of osteoblasts during zebrafish fin regeneration. We find that osteoblast Erk activity is dependent on Fgf receptor signaling and organized into millimeter-long gradients that extend from the distal tip to the amputation site. Erk activity scales with the amount of tissue amputated, predicts the likelihood of osteoblast cycling, and predicts the size of regenerated skeletal structures. Mathematical modeling suggests gradients are established by the transient deposition of long-lived ligands that are transported by tissue growth. This concept is supported by the observed scaling of expression of the essential epidermal ligand fgf20a with extents of amputation. Our work provides evidence that localized, scaled expression of pro-regenerative ligands instructs long-range signaling and cycling to control skeletal size in regenerating appendages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Simone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergassola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poss, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Talia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.23.634576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decaying and expanding Erk gradients process memory of skeletal size during zebrafish fin regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.27.634989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-species comparative modelling of antimicrobial host responses ex vivo in human and murine precision cut lung slices and in vivo in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.27.634989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue resident host responses to microbial infections in the respiratory tract are highly dynamic in space and time and rely on the interaction of a multitude of cell types. In an attempt to model these multicellular responses reliably in cell culture, we compare here the global transcriptional antimicrobial response to infection with influenza A virus (IAV) in precision cult lung slices (PCLS), volume defined organ discs largely maintaining the cellular composition and 3D architecture of the donor lung. To permit a fair comparison of host responses in an isogenic background we first challenged mice in vivo and murine PCLS (mPCLS) and assess host transciptomic changes by unbiased RNAseq. While core antiviral responses overlapped substantially, mPCLS lacked certain features--such as type II interferon expression--likely due to the absence of infiltrating immune cells responses. Importantly, when expanding our findings to immune experienced human precision cut lung slices (hPCLS), we find a much broader antiviral response after IAV challenge, including type I, II and III interferons, suggesting the presence of responsive tissue resident lymphocytes. To prove specificity of this response we infected hPCLS with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ex vivo tissues responded with a distinct proinflammatory gene profile including IL1A, IL1B and IL17 expression. Blocking of IL-1 signaling partially inhibited the proinflammatory response, suggesting cellular cross-talk and a complex and specific antimicrobial reaction in this ex vivo model. In conclusion diversified tissue resident immune cell compartment distinguishes the human ex vivo model, making it an ideal system for microbiological and immunological research.

ImportancePathogen interactions with the lung are very dynamic processes. In biomedical research it is paramount to model these processes in the laboratory as accurately as possible. Influenza A virus has been extensively studied in epithelial cell culture models, including advanced organoids and organ on a chip systems. We use here ex vivo cultured PCLS and use transcriptomics to assess the global tissue resident host response to viral and bacterial challenge. Our data show 1) that murine PCLS faithfully reflect core responses to viral infection, while missing proinflammatory responses linked to infiltrating immune cells and 2) that human PCLS show a highly diversified tissue resident immune response to viral infection due to previous exposures of the host to this pathogen. These responses are clearly distinct from antibacterial gene profiles. Our data advertise PCLS as a complex and realistic model to study tissue resident immune responses to microbes in a human system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choltus, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heikkila, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serre-Beinier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karenovics, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberhardt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becattini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmolke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.27.634989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-species comparative modelling of antimicrobial host responses ex vivo in human and murine precision cut lung slices and in vivo in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.27.635047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perilysosomal Ca2+ overload impairs autophagic degradation in β-cell lipotoxicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.27.635047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Saturated fatty acids impose lipotoxic stress on pancreatic {beta}-cells, leading to {beta}-cell failure and diabetes. In this study, we investigate the critical role of organellar Ca2+ disturbance on defective autophagy and {beta}-cell lipotoxicity. Palmitate, a saturated fatty acid, induced perilysosomal Ca2+ elevation, sustained mTORC1 activation on the lysosomal membrane, suppression of the lysosomal transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel, and accumulation of undigested autophagosomes in {beta}-cells. These Ca2+ aberrations with autophagy defects by palmitate were prevented by a mTORC1 inhibitor or a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger. To alleviate perilysosomal Ca2+ overload, strategies such as lowering extracellular Ca2+, employing voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blocker or ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener effectively abrogated mTORC1 activation and preserved autophagy. Furthermore, redirecting perilysosomal Ca2+ into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with an ER Ca2+ ATPase activator, restores TRPML1 activity, promotes autophagic flux, and improves survival of {beta}-cells exposed to palmitate-induced lipotoxicity. Our findings suggest oxidative stress-Ca2+ overload-mTORC1 pathway involves in TRPML1 suppression and defective autophagy during {beta}-cell lipotoxicity. Restoring perilysosomal Ca2+ homeostasis emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noriega Polo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cha, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiederkehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wollheim, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.27.635047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perilysosomal Ca2+ overload impairs autophagic degradation in β-cell lipotoxicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.31.635924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid facilitates persistent and polymicrobial wound infections by suppressing macrophage activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.31.635924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophage activation is essential for innate immunity, and its suppression enables pathogen persistence. We show that Enterococcus faecalis suppresses macrophage activation through lactic acid-mediated extracellular acidification. Mutants lacking lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and thus unable to acidify the environment, fail to inhibit NF-{kappa}B. E. faecalis-derived lactic acid acts via MCT-1 and GPR81 through two distinct but complementary mechanisms that culminate in the reduction of NF-{kappa}B activity. Lactic acid acts through MCT-1 to inhibit ERK and STAT3 phosphorylation, leading to reduced STAT3 binding to the Myd88 promoter, and reduced MyD88 protein levels. Lactic acid signaling to GPR81 mediates the phosphorylation of the transcriptional factor YAP, ultimately attenuating NF-{kappa}B signaling. In a murine wound infection model, this lactic acid-driven immunosuppressive niche enables prolonged E. faecalis persistence and enhances the fitness of co-infecting bacteria such as Escherichia coli. These findings reveal how bacterial lactic acid subverts innate immunity to support chronic and polymicrobial infections.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=140 SRC="FIGDIR/small/635924v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (34K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2e1565org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17eaf85org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@356139org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@821581_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Highlights- E. faecalis lactate dehydrogenase mutants fail to acidify the environment and cannot suppress NF-{kappa}B signaling.
- Lactic acid is necessary and sufficient to drive NF-{kappa}B suppression in macrophages.
- Lactic acid NF-{kappa}B suppression is relayed through two complementary routes: MCT- 1 transport and the lactate sensor GPR81.
- MCT-1-dependent signaling blunts ERK/STAT3 phosphorylation, lowering MyD88 levels; whereas GPR81 drives YAP phosphorylation, reducing NF-{kappa}B activation.
- E. faecalis-derived lactic acid drives immunosuppression, potentiates persistence, and promotes multi-species wound infection in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R. A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tien, B. Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, P. H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celik, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, A. Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ismail, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, K. K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibault, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.635924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid facilitates persistent and polymicrobial wound infections by suppressing macrophage activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.30.635697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BlueBerry: Closed-loop wireless optogenetic manipulation in freely moving animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.30.635697v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optogenetics is a powerful approach for linking neural activity to behavior by enabling precise manipulation of defined neuronal populations. Recent advances in wireless technologies have led to remotely controlled optogenetic devices that facilitate the study of more complex behaviors, including social interactions. However, implementing real-time, automated, closed-loop experiments in large-scale, naturalistic environments and in groups of interacting animals remains challenging. Moreover, many existing devices are difficult to reproduce, requiring specialized engineering expertise or fabrication facilities that are not widely available. Here we introduce BlueBerry (www.OptoBlueBerry.org), a lightweight (1.4 g), battery powered, multi-channel wireless optogenetic device that is openly available for the scientific community and can be assembled entirely from off-the-shelf-components. BlueBerry combines robust long-range wireless communication with flexible control of stimulation parameters, making it particularly suited for behavior-triggered optogenetic experiments in large arenas and in multiple freely interacting animals. We demonstrate that BlueBerry can not only guide decision making during large-scale navigation, but also deliver individually controlled, behavior-triggered optogenetic stimulation to multiple freely interacting mice, enabling modulation of social dynamics in real-time. The open availability, modular design, and straightforward integration with existing behavioral frameworks make BlueBerry a practical and scalable tool for systems neuroscience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nourizonoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guyoton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galinanes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thurnherr, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.30.635697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BlueBerry: Closed-loop wireless optogenetic manipulation in freely moving animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.636843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fsr quorum sensing system restricts biofilm growth and activates inflammation in enterococcal infective endocarditis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.636843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening biofilm-associated infection, yet the factors driving biofilm formation remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the Fsr quorum sensing (QS) system of Enterococcus faecalis as a potent negative regulator of IE pathogenesis. Using microfluidic and in vivo models, we show that Fsr is induced in late IE when bacteria become shielded from blood flow. Deleting Fsr altered biofilm metabolism and promoted robust biofilm growth and gentamicin tolerance in vivo. Furthermore, Fsr inactivation attenuated inflammation by disrupting IL-1{beta} cleavage and activation via the Fsr-regulated gelatinase (gelE), allowing biofilm to grow unchecked by the immune system. Consistent with our pre-clinical findings, analysis of two IE patient cohorts linked naturally occurring Fsr-deficient E. faecalis to prolonged bacteremia. Overall, our findings provide insights into the role of QS in biofilm growth, persistence, and immune evasion in enterococcal IE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Antypas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidtchen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staiger, W. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, R. J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, K. K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neo, C. J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radhesh, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanoto, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R. A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colomer Winter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pethe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasse, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brugger, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Tyne, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinkernagel, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.07.636843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fsr quorum sensing system restricts biofilm growth and activates inflammation in enterococcal infective endocarditis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.05.636567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human gut microbiota subspecies carry implicit information for in-depth microbiome research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.05.636567v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial strains from same species can have distinct functional characteristics owing to their different gene content. As the highest resolution, strains are mainly host-specific, thus obscuring unbiased associations, and hindering deductive research. Here, we comprehensively define the human gut microbiota at consistently-annotated subspecies resolution in an unbiased, cohort-independent manner, and demonstrate that we can generalize across distinct populations worldwide while maintaining specificity and improving interstudy reproducibility. We developed panhashome, a sketching-based method for rapid subspecies quantification and identification of genes that drive the intraspecies variations, and showed that subspecies carry implicit information undetectable at species level. By meta-analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) datasets, we identified disease-associated subspecies whose sibling subspecies or species are not. Subspecies-based machine-learning CRC diagnostic algorithm outperformed species-level methods by leveraging the unique subspecies-level information. This subspecies catalogue allows identification of genes that drive the functional differences between subspecies as fundamental step in mechanistically understanding microbiome-phenotype interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trickovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kieser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajkovski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.05.636567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human gut microbiota subspecies carry implicit information for in-depth microbiome research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-Species Biomechanical Determinants of Shape Diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How complex molecular mechanisms translate into diverse multicellular shapes remains unclear. By leveraging the bi-layered architecture of six cnidarian species that diverged 500 million years ago, we show that modularity in supracellular mechanics governs larval shape diversity. Using active surface theory, quantitative imaging, and an inducible genetic system, we identify species-specific variations in three biomechanical modules. Basally aligned stress fibers drive axial elongation, while oral geometry and aboral rigidity define shape polarity. Remarkably, manipulating these modules transforms one species shape into another, demonstrating the causal relationship between module variation and shape diversity. Our analysis also uncovers instances of mechanical redundancies, where distinct module combinations generate similar shapes. These findings provide a general framework for how molecular complexity funnels into mesoscale mechanical determinants shaping morphological diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bailleul, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuny, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoromoskaia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergamini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cucurachi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rupp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guse, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curantz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swinhoe, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleves, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craggs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakajima, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steenbergen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diz-Munoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikmi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.07.637025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-Species Biomechanical Determinants of Shape Diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insect wings arose with a genetic circuit that extends the useful range of a BMP morphogen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Morphogens are produced by a subset of cells to trigger a signalling gradient that provides positional information to surrounding tissues. At increasing distances from the source, the dwindling number of morphogen molecules is expected to constrain the useful range of morphogen gradients. We have identified a genetic circuit that counteracts this limitation in developing wings of Drosophila by boosting BMP signalling at the distal end of the gradient without amplifying the signal near the source. This circuit involves Brinker, a transcription factor that represses BMP target genes while itself being repressed by BMP signalling. We suggest that temporal averaging inherent to the production of the inverse Brk gradient contributes to the enhancement of the positional information far from the Dpp source. Despite being a core component of BMP signalling in flies, Brinker is exclusively found in insects, likely in all insect species. Genomic analysis across a wide range of insects and gene expression analysis in limb primordia of the apterygote Thermobia domestica suggests that Brinker is an insect-specific innovation that was subsequently wired into the BMP signalling network in pterygotes, perhaps to enable wing development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cocconi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholls-Mindlin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.07.637038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insect wings arose with a genetic circuit that extends the useful range of a BMP morphogen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.16.638411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age- and Virus-Specific Signatures of In Vitro Reconstituted Human Airway Epithelia in the Presence and Absence of Respiratory Viral Infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.16.638411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While Influenza Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) are considered as a significant health burden in children, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes milder diseases in this age group compared to adults. To investigate the involvement of the upper respiratory tract human airway epithelium (HAE) in this pattern, we established an in-house model of reconstituted HAE cultured in air-liquid interface from nasal swabs of children and adults and characterised it before and after ex vivo respiratory viral infections using focused and unbiased approaches. Fully differentiated paediatric HAE exhibited an increasing induction level of genes related to mucociliary clearance, while higher expression of innate immune pathways was found in the ones from adults. While similar viral replication kinetics in both age groups were shown for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A Virus (IAV), RSV and Rhinovirus (RV) infection, transcriptomic analysis showed stronger and earlier induction of IFN-related pathways in SARS-CoV-2-infected HAE from children compared to IAV, RSV and RV. IAV and RSV had the weakest innate immune response increase in HAE from children versus adults. RV infection showed an intermediate pattern, resembling SARS-CoV-2 more than RSV or IAV. Our work demonstrates a distinct sensing of SARS-CoV-2 compared to other respiratory viruses ex vivo, which may contribute to the milder course of disease in SARS-CoV-2 infected children and argues for a role of early virus-HAE interaction in shaping viral pathogenesis. Furthermore, we show that innate immune responses towards respiratory viruses are virus-specific and differ between age groups. Hence, findings on SARS-CoV-2 cannot be extrapolated to other respiratory viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bellon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buendia, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattonnet-Roche, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dbeissi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarmiento, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Didierlaurent, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckerle, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Essaidi-Laziosi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.16.638411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age- and Virus-Specific Signatures of In Vitro Reconstituted Human Airway Epithelia in the Presence and Absence of Respiratory Viral Infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.16.638508v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TimeFlow: a density-driven pseudotime method for flowcytometry data analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.16.638508v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pseudotime methods order cells undergoing differentiation from the least to most differentiated. We developed TimeFlow, a new method for computing pseudotime in multi-dimensional flow cytometry datasets. TimeFlow tracks the differentiation path of each cell on a graph by following smooth changes in the cell population density. To compute the probability density function of the cells, it uses a normalizing flow model. We profiled bone marrow samples from three healthy patients using a 20-color antibody panel for flow cytometry and prepared datasets that ranged from 5,000 to 600,000 cells and included monocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes and B-cells at various maturation stages. TimeFlow computed fine-grained pseudotime for all the datasets, and the cell orderings were consistent with prior knowledge of human hematopoiesis. Experiments showed its potential in generalizing across patients and unseen cell states. We compared our method to 11 other pseudotime methods using in-house and public datasets and found very good performance for both linear and branching trajectories. TimeFlows pseudotemporal orderings are useful for modelling the dynamics of cell surface proteins along linear trajectories. The biologically meaningful results in branching trajectories suggest the possibility of future applications with automated cell lineage detection. Code is available at https://github.com/MargaritaLiarou1/TimeFlow and bone marrow data will be accessible upon acceptance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liarou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchand-Maillet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.16.638508</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TimeFlow: a density-driven pseudotime method for flowcytometry data analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.19.639149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NEDD4 promotes Sertoli cell proliferation and adult Leydig cell differentiation in the murine testis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.19.639149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful testis development relies on the coordinated differentiation and assembly of various cell types to establish both endocrine and reproductive functions. The ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 has emerged as a key player in murine testis development, with this enzyme being implicated in gonadal sex determination and spermatogonial stem cell differentiation. Here, we report hitherto uncharacterized roles of NEDD4 in postnatal testis development. Utilizing Nr5a1- and Amh-Cre drivers to conditionally ablate Nedd4 in testicular somatic cells, we show that NEDD4 promotes Sertoli cell proliferation through the modulation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. This ubiquitin ligase also ensures proper differentiation of adult Leydig cells and may contribute to murine steroidogenesis. Furthermore, NEDD4 is essential for adrenal gland differentiation, as its loss results in adrenal dysgenesis. These findings highlight NEDD4 as a crucial factor in testis development, emphasizing the importance of ubiquitination and post-translational modifications in reproductive biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Windley, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neirijnck, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidovic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.19.639149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NEDD4 promotes Sertoli cell proliferation and adult Leydig cell differentiation in the murine testis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.04.641400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biological subtyping of autism via cross-species fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.04.641400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is frequently assumed that the phenotypic heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorder reflects underlying pathobiological variation. However, direct evidence in support of this hypothesis is lacking. Here, we leverage cross-species functional neuroimaging to examine whether variability in brain functional connectivity reflects distinct biological mechanisms. We find that fMRI connectivity alterations in 20 distinct mouse models of autism (n=549 individual mice) can be clustered into two prominent hypo- and hyperconnectivity subtypes. We show that these connectivity profiles are linked to distinct signaling pathways, with hypoconnectivity being associated with synaptic dysfunction, and hyperconnectivity reflecting transcriptional and immune-related alterations. Extending these findings to humans, we identify analogous hypo- and hyperconnectivity subtypes in a large, multicenter resting state fMRI dataset of n=940 autistic and n=1036 neurotypical individuals. Remarkably, hypo- and hyperconnectivity autism subtypes are replicable across independent cohorts (accounting for 25.1% of all autism data), exhibit distinct functional network architecture, are behaviorally dissociable, and recapitulate synaptic and immune mechanisms identified in corresponding mouse subtypes. Our cross-species investigation, thus, decodes the heterogeneity of fMRI connectivity in autism into distinct pathway-specific etiologies, offering a new empirical framework for targeted subtyping of autism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pagani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zerbi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvino, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barberis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozzi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galbusera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellegood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagiolini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matteoli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montani, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pozzi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provenzano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scattoni, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenderoth, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombardo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Martino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gozzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.04.641400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biological subtyping of autism via cross-species fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.03.641221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing Water-Mediated Activation Mechanisms in the Beta 1-Adrenergic Receptor via OneOPES-Enhanced Free Energy Landscapes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.03.641221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) is a prominent pharmacological target due to its critical role in regulating cardiovascular function and is therefore at the forefront of therapeutic interventions in heart diseases. Here we explore the activation mechanism of ADRB1 in both apo (unbound) and holo (adrenaline-bound) forms with OneOPES, a novel multi-replica enhanced sampling simulation algorithm. Our approach leads to converged and reproducible free energy landscapes as shown by independent simulations and identifies key water-mediated interactions that ease structural rearrangements crucial for the activation of ADRB1. The detailed computational analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the effects of adrenaline on ADRB1s activation mechanism as well as the role of sodium ions, protonation states and microswitches. Our methodology can be adapted to other ligands and receptors and serves as a blueprint for computational exploration of agonist-induced activation of ADRB1 and other class A GPCRs, paving the way for the development of drugs with fine-tuned modulatory effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piasentin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.03.641221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing Water-Mediated Activation Mechanisms in the Beta 1-Adrenergic Receptor via OneOPES-Enhanced Free Energy Landscapes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of intrinsic connectome dynamics on perception is context-dependent 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The functional relevance of time-averaged (static) functional connectome patterns is well recognized. However, the real-time relationship between ongoing connectome dynamics and behavioral outcomes is not well understood. It is particularly unclear whether behavior is linked to connectivity dynamics mainly among a common set of connections regardless of the task (suggesting fluctuations in task-common processes like general arousal), or if it varies with different connections depending on the task (indicating fluctuations in context-dependent processes). To investigate this, we compared fMRI data of healthy participants across three cognitive tasks (total N=35): deciding between faces or a vase in the ambiguous Rubin figure, detecting near-random motion in a dot kinematogram, and detecting a near-threshold auditory tone. By using long inter-stimulus intervals (>20s), we examined how pre-stimulus connectome states influenced the perception of upcoming ambiguous stimuli on a trial-by-trial basis across these tasks. Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) models, we demonstrated that pre-stimulus connectome states can predict the perception of upcoming ambiguous or threshold stimuli. At the connection level, we found that distinct sets of task-specific connections enabled these predictions for each task. No single connection was associated with perceptual outcomes across multiple tasks. Predictive connections in all tasks spanned both the task-relevant sensory modality network and high-order cognitive control networks. Only when averaged to the level of intrinsic connectivity networks did perceptually predictive connectivity show some similarity among pairs of tasks. Our findings highlight the functional significance of ongoing connectome states for moment-to-moment behavior, demonstrating that this relationship is largely context-dependent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mostame, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesselmann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bido-Medina, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinschmidt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadaghiani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.06.641785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of intrinsic connectome dynamics on perception is context-dependent]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.05.641597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A pharmacological modality to sequester homomeric proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.05.641597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecules that can perturb protein-protein interactions have an immense impact on chemical biology and therapeutics. However, such compounds typically rely on accessory proteins to function, such as E3 ligases in the case of targeted degradation, which may restrict their target and tissue scope or lead to resistance. Here we alleviate the need for accessory proteins with a novel pharmacological modality to knock-down protein function. Our strategy exploits protein symmetry as a selective vulnerability, and is widely applicable owing to the ubiquitous nature of homomeric proteins in cellular systems. We target homomeric proteins with PINCHs (Polymerization Inducing Chimeras) - bifunctional molecules composed of two linked ligands that act as bridges between homomers and trigger their supramolecular assembly into insoluble polymers. We design PINCHs that achieve efficient polymerization of three homomeric targets. In cells, we observed that a PINCH targeting Keap1 exhibited a longer duration of action compared to its monomeric inhibitor, and a PINCH targeting BCL6 displayed selective and improved B cell toxicity compared to its monomeric parent. Our results highlight PINCHs as a novel and general strategy to modulate and knock out protein function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Livnah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suss, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villegas, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tivon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golani, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goliand, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margulies, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>London, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.05.641597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A pharmacological modality to sequester homomeric proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LEMMIv2: Benchmarking Framework for Metagenomic and 16S Amplicon Profilers with a Catalogue of Evaluated Tools. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequencing has transformed microbial studies, enabling metagenomic analysis of microbial communities without the need for culturing or prior knowledge of sample composition. The essential analysis of the primary sequencing reads, however, is complex and led to the development of diverse computational strategies. The plethora of available methods and their numerous parameters poses a practical challenge for practitioners and creates a visibility barrier for developers of novel approaches. In addition to technical limitations related to user computing environment, algorithmic solutions, and their scalability, there are critical considerations regarding the reference database, i.e. the knowledge against which the data is interpreted, as well as the target of the analysis, expected sample composition, and peculiarities of read data from different sequencing platforms. To facilitate informed decision-making, we introduced the LEMMI platform for continuous benchmarking of software tools for metagenomic analyses, where developers can receive impartial benchmarks for method publication and users benefit from a standardized and benchmarked catalogue of tools. Here we present developments of LEMMI version 2, including assessments of different target scenarios, long- and short-read sequencing data, alternative taxonomies, and a standalone pipeline (https://lemmi.ezlab.org). In addition to LEMMI, which focuses on shotgun metagenomic profiling, we extended this approach to bacteria profiling with 16S amplicon sequencing (https://lemmi16S.ezlab.org).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seppey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benavides, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berkeley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdobnov, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.06.641904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LEMMIv2: Benchmarking Framework for Metagenomic and 16S Amplicon Profilers with a Catalogue of Evaluated Tools.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.07.642071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transgenerational maintenance of H3K27me3 heterochromatin is balanced by chromodomain proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.07.642071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to replicate and pass information to descendants is a fundamental requirement for life. In addition to the DNA-based genetic information, modifications of the DNA or DNA-associated proteins can create patterns of heritable gene regulation. Such epigenetic inheritance allows for adaptation without mutation, but its limits and regulation are incompletely understood. Here we developed a C. elegans system to study the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of H3K27me3, a conserved histone posttranslational modification associated with gene repression. We find that induced alterations of the genome-wide H3K27me3 landscape and the associated fertility defects persist for many generations in genetically wildtype descendants under selective pressure. We uncover that the inheritance of the altered H3K27me3 landscape is regulated by two chromodomain proteins with antagonizing functions, and provide mechanistic insight into how this molecular memory is initiated and maintained. Our results demonstrate that epigenetic inheritance can act as a mutation-independent, heritable mechanism of adaptation.

In BriefOzdemir et al. demonstrate that an altered genomic distribution of the histone modification H3K27me3 can be epigenetically inherited across many generations through the activity of HERI-1/SET-32/MES-4, which is antagonized by CEC-6/PRC2 in C. elegans.

HighlightsO_LIAltered H3K27me3 landscapes can be inherited for at least 15 generations in C. elegans.
C_LIO_LIThe chromodomain proteins CEC-6 and HERI-1 have opposite roles in antagonizing or promoting the maintenance of the altered H3K27me3 landscape.
C_LIO_LIH3K23me3 and H3K36me3 replace H3K27me3 to promote the intergenerational and transgenerational inheritance of the altered epigenome.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozdemir, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoefler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaney, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenda, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saltzman, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.07.642071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transgenerational maintenance of H3K27me3 heterochromatin is balanced by chromodomain proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.638824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cap-adjacent 2'-O-ribose methylation of RNA in C. elegans is required for postembryonic growth and germline development in the presence of the decapping exonuclease EOL-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.638824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cap-adjacent 2-O-ribose methylation (cOMe) of the first two transcribed nucleotides of RNA polymerase II transcripts is a conserved feature in many eukaryotes. In mammals, these modifications are key to a transcript surveillance system that regulates the interferon response, but the broader functions of cOMe remain poorly understood. To understand the role of cOMe in C. elegans, we functionally characterised the methyltransferases (CMTR-1 and CMTR-2) responsible for installing these modifications. These enzymes have distinct expression patterns, protein interaction partners, and loss of function phenotypes. Loss of CMTR-1 causes dramatic reductions in cOMe, impaired growth and sterility. In contrast, animals lacking CMTR-2 are superficially wild-type, though CMTR-2 loss enhances the severity of the cmtr-1 mutant phenotype. Depletion of CMTR-1 causes downregulation of transcripts associated with germline sex determination and upregulation of those involved in the intracellular pathogen response (IPR). We show that absence of the decapping exonuclease, EOL-1, an IPR component, completely suppresses the sterility and growth defects caused of loss of CMTR-1, suggesting that EOL-1 degrades cellular transcripts lacking cOMe. Our work shows the physiological relevance of cOMe in protecting transcripts from decapping exonucleases, raising the possibility that cOMe plays a role in RNA-mediated immune surveillance beyond the vertebrates.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=79 SRC="FIGDIR/small/638824v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cd906dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c4e922org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a5c2dborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19be5d8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clemens, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brivio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Khafaji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eijlers, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurukulasuriya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLeod, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haussmann, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pettitt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.10.638824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cap-adjacent 2'-O-ribose methylation of RNA in C. elegans is required for postembryonic growth and germline development in the presence of the decapping exonuclease EOL-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.642438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain neuromarkers predict self- and other-related mentalizing across adult, clinical, and developmental samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.10.642438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human social interactions rely on the ability to reflect on ones own and others internal states and traits--a process known as mentalizing. Impaired or altered mentalizing is a hallmark of multiple psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. Yet, replicable and easily testable brain markers of mentalizing have so far been lacking. Here, we apply an interpretable machine learning approach to multiple datasets (total N=390) to train and validate fMRI brain signatures that predict i) mentalizing about the self, ii) mentalizing about another person, and iii) both types of mentalizing. Self-mentalizing and other-mentalizing classifiers had positive weights in anterior/medial and posterior/lateral brain areas, respectively, with accuracy rates of 82% and 77% for out-of-sample prediction. The classifier trained across both types of mentalizing showed 98% predictive accuracy and separated (mental) attributional from factual inferences. Classifier patterns revealed better self/other separation in healthy adults compared to individuals with schizophrenia and with increasing age in adolescence. Together, our findings reveal consistent and separable neural patterns subserving trait-based mentalizing about self and others--present at least from the age of adolescence and functionally altered in severe neuropsychiatric disorders. These mentalizing signatures hold promise as candidate neuromarkers of social-cognitive processes in different contexts and clinical conditions.

Author NoteThis work was funded by a Starting Grant from the European Research Council (ERC, 101041087) to LKo, a German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) doctoral grant and a Network of European Neuroscience Schools (NENS) exchange fellowship to DA, an R01 grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Mental Health (R01MH125414-01) to JAH and DAS, a Junior Leader Fellowship from "la Caixa" Foundation (LCF/BQ/PR22/11920017) to PFC, a Consolidator Grant from the European Research Council (ERC, 648082) to LKr, R37, R01 support from the U.S. National Institutes of Mental Health (R37MH076136 to TDW, MH116026 to TDW and L. Chang [PI], R01EB026549 to TDW and M. Lindquist [MPIs]), an NIMH grant (P50MH094258-01A1) to R. Adolphs, and a CIC Brain and Mental Health Chair from the Neurodis foundation to AT. LvdM acknowledges a European Science Foundation EURYI grant (044035001) that funded her doctoral studies (PI: A. Aleman). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. The funders had no role in study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, or publication decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Acil, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews-Hanna, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Sola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Buuren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krabbendam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes-Claramonte, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomarol-Clotet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvador, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debbane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrticka, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sbarra, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppola, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wager, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koban, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.10.642438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain neuromarkers predict self- and other-related mentalizing across adult, clinical, and developmental samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-free Reconstitution Reveals Synergistic Stabilization of Microtubule Doublets by PACRG and FAP20 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ciliary microtubule doublets, consisting of an incomplete B-tubule on the surface of a complete A-microtubule, form the fundamental structural framework of motile and sensory cilia/flagella. Ciliary proteins PACRG and FAP20, which are essential for flagellar stability and function, localize to the junction between the A-and the B-tubule. However, their precise role in microtubule doublet assembly and dynamics remains unknown. Here, using a cell-free assay, TIRF-microscopy, and cryo-electron tomography, we demonstrate that in combination PACRG and FAP20 stabilize B-tubule dynamics and microtubule doublet architecture. We show that together these proteins localize to the B-tubules in distinct, high-density patches, which locally stabilize B-tubule by decreasing its depolymerization velocity and increasing its rescue frequency. Cryo-tomography of in vitro reconstructed microtubule doublets in presence of PACRG and FAP20 reveals reduced B-tubule curvature fluctuations, promoting a more rigid and aligned conformation. Altogether, our findings suggest that PACRG and FAP20 function synergistically to reinforce microtubule doublet stability, ensuring ciliary integrity and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khuntsariya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batman, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozbesky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemaitre, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lansky, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.12.642377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-free Reconstitution Reveals Synergistic Stabilization of Microtubule Doublets by PACRG and FAP20]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.644039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aryl N-acetamide compounds exert antimalarial activity by acting as agonists of rhomboid protease PfROM8 and cation channel PfCSC1. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.644039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With resistance to current frontline antimalarials spreading globally, new drug candidates need to be discovered to populate the antimalarial drug development pipeline. We previously screened the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box for compounds that prevent Plasmodium falciparum parasites from exiting and invading human erythrocytes, steps essential for the proliferation of parasites in the blood, which causes disease. Compound MMV020512 (M-512) was identified in this screen and live cell imaging here established that it does not specifically inhibit invasion but likely inhibits intraerythrocytic parasite growth. M-512 resistance selection in parasites led to the identification of mutations in the membrane protease PfROM8 and the cation ion channel PfCSC1. PfROM8 was validated as a target of M-512 when a L562R putative resistance mutation was engineered into wildtype parasites reproducing the resistance phenotype. Knockdown of wildtype PfROM8, the L562R mutant and CSC1 reduced parasite growth, indicating the proteins are functionally important. Counterintuitively, the PfROM8 and PfCSC1 knockdown parasites became more resistant to M-512 suggesting that the compound is an agonist of both proteins which may form a functional complex and that dysregulation of this complex is deleterious to parasite growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boulet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modak, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Counihan, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkyn Schneider, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dans, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, C. B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razook, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCann, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barry, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crabb, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Koning-Ward, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.18.644039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aryl N-acetamide compounds exert antimalarial activity by acting as agonists of rhomboid protease PfROM8 and cation channel PfCSC1.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.644890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light propofol anaesthesia for non-invasive auditory EEG recording in unrestrained non-human primates. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.644890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-invasive electroencephalographic (EEG) experiments have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in the production and perception of sounds and human speech. Performing similar experiments in non-human primates (NHPs) would help further deepen our knowledge by allowing us to investigate the evolutionary roots of these processes. However, performing EEG on NHPs is a challenge, given its sensitivity to motion artefacts, device cost and durability, and animal training requirements. For these reasons, most attempts have used invasive intracranial recordings, which led us to develop an alternative that minimises stress and prioritises animal welfare. By using mild propofol sedation, neurophysiological experimentation can easily be integrated into the routine sanitary checks of captive animals and allows the optimisation of both EEG quality and animal welfare. To assess the influence of propofol on brain activity in NHPs, we sedated three olive baboons (Papio anubis), scored their sleep stages under different doses, and recorded auditory event-related potentials (ERP)in response to grunts. Analyses of the EEG recordings with regards to sleep stage and ERP components indicate that at low dose (< 0.1mg/kg/h), propofol induces a light sleep state conducive to recording stimulus-elicited auditory activity. Overall, this experiment confirms the use of propofol sedation as an appropriate technique to study auditory processes through unrestrained, non-invasive EEG in NHPs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Piette, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacaux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheltienne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterpenich, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isnardon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moulin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cermolacce, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meguerditchian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraud, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.24.644890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light propofol anaesthesia for non-invasive auditory EEG recording in unrestrained non-human primates.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.644945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural dynamics of induced vocal tract vibrations during vocal emotion recognition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.644945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite a large corpus of literature in psychological and brain mechanisms on emotional prosody perception, the perspective of embodied cognition in these mechanisms have been largely neglected. Here we investigated the influence of induced bodily vibrations on the categorization of ambiguous emotional vocalizations using event-related potentials (ERPs). Emotional voices were morphed between a fearful expression with the speakers identity-matching angry expression, creating blends of emotions in each voice. Emotional congruent and incongruent vibrations were delivered on the skin close to the vocal cords. Congruent with our hypotheses, behavioural results revealed that induced vibrations skewed the participants emotional ratings by biasing responses towards the vibrations emotion. ERPs indicated that N100 and P200 components subtending the early processing of emotional prosody were significantly modulated by induced vibrations in the congruent setting, considered as a facilitation effect for emotion recognition at early stages of processing. A modulation of the late positive component was also observed in the incongruent setting, suggesting an error processing mechanism. Source reconstruction highlighted effects of vibration types in prefrontal, motor, somatosensory, and insular cortices. Our results suggest that voice-associated vibrations may play a significant role in vocal emotion processing and recognition through an embodied mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Selosse, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greilsamer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meuleman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.24.644945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural dynamics of induced vocal tract vibrations during vocal emotion recognition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.21.644543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting CXCR4-expressing TAMs in muscle-invasive bladder cancer to enhance tumor control after immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.21.644543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignancy with poor prognosis in advanced stages. While immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized immunotherapy, its efficacy remains limited for most advanced BC patients. The detailed characterization of BCs tumor microenvironment (TME) is a prerequisite to understand these mechanisms of resistance and to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we used a genetically engineered BC mouse model resistant to anti-PD1 treatment, and BC patient samples, to investigate the evolution of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) during BC progression. We identified a subset of pro-tumor TAMs expressing CXCR4, predominantly found in advanced stages of BC-bearing mice and in half of muscle-invasive BC patients from the studied cohort. Interestingly, CXCR4+ TAM-rich regions were associated with CD8 T cell-excluded areas in both mice and patients. Administration of a small molecule CXCR4 inhibitor significantly reduced the number of pro-tumor TAMs within the tumor and markedly prolonged mouse survival. Incorporating this inhibitor into a tri-immunotherapy regimen further enhanced survival, highlighting the potential of targeting multiple pathways to strongly enhance anti-tumor effects and offering new hope for improving immunotherapy in advanced BC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Despond, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Ahanidi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alouche, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zdimerova, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Favre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nassiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benamran, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsantoulis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attaleb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maby El Hajjami, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gourhand, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balabanian, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espeli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luther, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leblond, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verdeil, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.21.644543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting CXCR4-expressing TAMs in muscle-invasive bladder cancer to enhance tumor control after immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.644901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substrate recognition by human separase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.644901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protein complex cohesin encircles the sister chromatids in early mitosis1. At anaphase onset, sister separation is triggered by cleavage of the cohesin subunit SCC1/RAD21 by the cysteine protease separase2-5. SCC1 contains two cleavage sites, where cleavage is stimulated by SCC1 phosphorylation5,6. The molecular mechanisms of substrate recognition and cleavage are only partly understood7. Here, we determined a series of cryoEM structures of human separase in apo-or substrate-bound forms that, together with biochemical analysis, provide novel insights into the regulation of separase cleavage activity. We verify the first SCC1 cleavage site and reassign the second site. We show that multiple substrates, including separase autocleavage sites8,9 and the two SCC1 cleavage sites, interact with several docking sites in separase, including four phosphate-binding sites. We also describe the structural basis of the interaction between the cohesin subunit SA1/A2 and separase, which promotes cleavage at the second site in SCC1. Finally, using cross-linking mass spectrometry and cryoEM, we propose a model of how cohesin is targeted by human separase. Our work provides an extensive functional and structural framework that explains one of the most fundamental events in cell division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghent, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodfried, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Reilly, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.24.644901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substrate recognition by human separase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.25.645240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-linear microglial, inflammatory and oligodendrocyte dynamics across stages of Alzheimer's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.25.645240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline and neuropathological hallmarks including A{beta} plaques and Tau tangles. Emerging evidence indicates oligodendrocyte (OL) dysfunction and demyelination also contribute to disease progression. Here, we analyzed OL markers and inflammatory gene expression in human hippocampal samples at early and late AD stages. In early AD, we observed OL and myelinating pathways downregulation, alongside microglial and astrocytic activation, as well as upregulated chemokine CCL2 and peripheral immune infiltration markers. In late stages, expression of OL-related genes and myelination pathways increase, with a higher NG2/MBP ratio, coinciding with decreased microglial coverage and peripheral immune markers. These findings indicate that early neuroinflammation may impair OL function, while attenuated immune activity in late AD allows partial OL recovery. This study provides insights into stage-specific inflammatory and myelin-related changes in AD, supporting the relevance of understanding oligodendrocyte dynamics and potential regenerative responses for future therapeutic strategies.

HighlightsO_LIEarly AD: heightened microglial activation and peripheral infiltration.
C_LIO_LILate AD: reduced microglial presence and oligodendrocyte partial recovery.
C_LIO_LINeuroinflammation shifts toward remyelination-supporting conditions.
C_LI

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=190 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/645240v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (52K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@eb5f3forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ba239eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7897feorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@142a6fd_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Badina, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceyzeriat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amosse, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abjean, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenat, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vauthey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsartsalis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tournier, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.25.645240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-linear microglial, inflammatory and oligodendrocyte dynamics across stages of Alzheimer's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.28.645922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Systems in the Striatum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.28.645922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) are neuromodulators in reward processing, decision- making, and motivated behavior. While often viewed as opposing or complementary systems, how DA and 5-HT release integrate in the striatum remains elusive. Using optogenetics, fiber photometry, and slice electrophysiology, we found that ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neuron stimulation increased DA release without affecting 5-HT release. Dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5-HT neuron activation, on the other hand, induced serotonin release and a transient increase in DA in the NAc, likely via glutamate co-release onto VTA DA neurons during the initial stimulation phase. These findings indicate that DA and 5-HT operate largely independently in the striatum, with selective circuit-dependent interactions. This work refines our understanding of DA-5HT interactions and provides a foundation for future research into their roles in motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traba, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.28.645922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Systems in the Striatum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.29.646097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CtBP1 coordinates synaptic, metabolic and contractile changes induced by denervation in skeletal muscle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.29.646097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nerve injury triggers dramatic atrophy of skeletal muscle, accompanied with synaptic and metabolic changes. Regulation of denervation-induced muscle fiber remodeling involves several factors governing genetic reprogramming and proteostasis changes. Here, we demonstrate that the transcriptional co-repressor CtBP1 coordinates synaptic and metabolic changes in muscle fibers upon denervation. CtBP1 was present both in sub- and non-synaptic myonuclei in innervated muscle. Although CtBP1 levels remained unchanged in denervated muscle, CtBP1 accumulated transiently in myonuclei after 2 days of denervation. Ctbp1 knockdown perturbed the expression of a large set of activity-independent and -dependent genes in innervated and denervated skeletal muscles. CtBP1 loss had limited effect on the expression of most synaptic genes, but increased transcript levels of Chrne, encoding the adult {varepsilon} sub-unit of acetylcholine receptors (AChR). However, it did not affect AChR turnover or maintenance of the post-synaptic compartment upon denervation. Importantly, we uncovered that Ctbp1 knockdown promotes denervation-induced changes in metabolic gene expression, including most genes encoding proteins of the respiratory chain complexes. Consistently, it enhanced the switch towards slower, oxidative fibers in fast muscle after 2 weeks of denervation. Moreover, CtBP1 loss precipitated the profound ultrastructural remodeling of mitochondria network induced after denervation. Hence, our study unveils the role of CtBP1 in the integrated muscle response to denervation, with important implications for CtBP1-related muscle diseases.

One-sentence summaryLoss of CtBP1 perturbs synaptic, metabolic and contractile changes induced by denervation in skeletal muscle
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cattaneo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajendran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabry, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liaudet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Startchik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castets, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.29.646097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CtBP1 coordinates synaptic, metabolic and contractile changes induced by denervation in skeletal muscle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.02.646768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal organisation of residual disease in mouse and human BRCA1-deficient mammary tumours and breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.02.646768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer remains one of the prominent causes of death worldwide. Although chemotherapeutic agents often result in substantial reduction of primary or metastatic tumours, remaining drug-tolerant tumour cell populations, known as minimal residual disease (MRD), pose a significant risk of recurrence and therapy resistance. In this study, we describe the spatiotemporal organisation of therapy response and MRD in BRCA1;p53-deficient mouse mammary tumours and human clinical samples using a multimodal approach. By integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics (ST), and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) across multiple treatment timepoints, we characterise dynamic interactions between tumour cell subpopulations and their surrounding microenvironment. Our analysis identifies a distinct, drug-tolerant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cancer cell population, which exhibits a conserved expression program in human BRCA1-deficient tumours and significantly correlates with adverse clinical outcomes. We further reveal the spatial distribution of residual EMT-like tumour cells within specific anatomical niches, providing a framework for understanding the persistence of MRD and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. These findings yield a comprehensive molecular roadmap of MRD, opening new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting EMT-driven drug tolerance and tumour relapse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decollogny, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanfon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siffert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romanens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tille, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tredan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labidi-Galy, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdeolivas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rottenberg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.02.646768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal organisation of residual disease in mouse and human BRCA1-deficient mammary tumours and breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.31.646264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole-night gentle rocking improves sleep in poor sleepers with insomnia complaints. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.31.646264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Specific brain oscillations can be manipulated during sleep to improve sleep quality and memory performance. We previously demonstrated that continuous rocking stimulation (0.25Hz, lateral movement) applied to good sleepers during sleep enhanced stable deep sleep, boosted NREM oscillations (spindles and slow waves), and memory consolidation. Here, we investigated whether nocturnal rocking could benefit individuals suffering from sleep difficulties. We recruited sixteen young adults with subjective difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep and who presented with objective poor sleep quality. Each participant spent two nights of sleep at the laboratory, one rocking and one stationary, during which we assessed sleep and declarative memory consolidation. We found that a whole night of gentle rocking in individuals with poor sleep decreased sleep fragmentation, time spent awake and in light sleep (N1), with an associated increase in objective sleep efficiency and subjective sleep quality. Additionally, we replicated the neural entrainment or synchronizing effect of the rocking motion, yielding a boost in NREM fast spindles and slow oscillations. Yet, these changes in sleep did not modulate overnight memory performance. By alleviating some difficulties encountered in this population of poor sleepers (e.g., sleep maintenance and poor self-reported sleep), these findings provide preliminary evidence that rocking may represent an alternative or complementary intervention for the management of some forms of chronic insomnia.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEHere, we demonstrate that a gentle and continuous rhythmic rocking stimulation applied during a whole night improves sleep in young adults with sleep complaints and objective poor sleep quality. Rocking, compared to a  normal stationary condition, promoted sleep maintenance and sleep efficiency with a parallel improvement in subjective sleep quality. As we previously found in healthy controls, the rocking stimulation had a mechanistic influence over the synchronisation of sleep oscillations in these individuals with insomnia complaints. These findings may be relevant for the development of non-pharmacological interventions in similar populations with insomnia complaints and poor sleep, including older adults, and clinical populations with neurological, psychiatric, or somatic conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perrault, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang Vu, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.31.646264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole-night gentle rocking improves sleep in poor sleepers with insomnia complaints.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.10.648067v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcription factor LHX2 suppresses astrocyte proliferation in the postnatal mammalian cerebral cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.10.648067v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the developing cerebral cortex astrocytes arise from progenitors in the ventricular and subventricular zones (V-SVZ), and also from local proliferation within the parenchyma. In the mouse neocortex, astrocytes that occupy upper versus deep layers (UL/DL) are known to be distinct populations in terms of molecular and morphological features. Transcription factor LHX2 is expressed both in V-SVZ gliogenic progenitors and in differentiated astrocytes throughout development and into adulthood. Here we show that loss of Lhx2 at birth results in an increased astrocyte proliferation in UL but not the DL of the cortex in the first postnatal week. Consistent with this, transcriptomic signatures of UL astrocytes increase. By 3 months, Lhx2 mutant astrocytes display upregulation of GFAP, and transcriptomic signatures associated with "reactive" astrocytes, in the absence of injury. These results demonstrate a novel role for Lhx2 in regulating proliferation and molecular features of cortical astrocytes.

Summary StatementLoss of Lhx2 causes increased astrocyte proliferation in the upper but not deep layers of the mammalian cortex, and upregulation of reactive gliosis-like signatures in the absence of injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fronteiro, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bocchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayanan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tole, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.10.648067</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcription factor LHX2 suppresses astrocyte proliferation in the postnatal mammalian cerebral cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.09.647910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Adaptation of Primate Retinal Ganglion Cells between Artificial and Natural Stimuli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.09.647910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The retina encodes a broad range of stimuli, adapting its computations to features like brightness, contrast, or motion. However, it is unclear to what extent it also adapts to spatial frequency content - as theories of efficient coding would predict - for instance, when switching between natural scenes and white noise. To address this, we analyzed neural activity of marmoset retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in response to white noise and naturalistic movie stimuli. We trained linear-nonlinear models on both stimuli, evaluated their performance and compared their receptive fields (RFs) across the stimulus domains. We found that the models with spatial filters trained on either one of the stimulus ensembles were not able to predict the neural activity on the other as accurately as the models trained on the target stimulus. This suggests that spatial processing adapts to stimulus statistics. Different RGC types exhibited distinct changes: the midget OFF cells RFs became enlarged under natural movie statistics, resulting in a lower cutoff frequency. Parasol cells did not change their RF size significantly. Large OFF cells RFs decreased in size. All cell types exhibited stronger surrounds under natural movies, resembling the whitening filters predicted by efficient coding. However, quantifying the effect of the filter adaptation on the stimulus power spectrum showed a significant contribution towards whitening only in ON parasol cells. The whitening effect emerged regardless of the training stimulus. These results suggest that while RGCs adapt to the spatial frequency content of the input, efficient coding can only partially account for this adaptation.

Significance statementNatural scenes differ from artificial stimuli like white noise, in spatial frequency structure. How the retina adapts to these differences remains unclear. To explore this, we studied responses of four primate retinal ganglion cell types to artificial and natural stimuli. Our results show that some cell types, like midget cells, enlarge their receptive fields and surrounds under natural stimuli, while others, like parasol cells, only enhance surrounds. These changes align qualitatively with the efficient coding theory, which posits redundancy reduction. However, in three cell types, the enhanced surrounds did not significantly whiten responses to natural stimuli, contrary to efficient coding predictions. These findings challenge how fully efficient coding explains retinal adaptation, suggesting that other principles underlie the processing of visual inputs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vystrcilova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sridhar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burg, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khani, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karamanlis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreyer, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krüppel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapp, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mietsch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollisch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.09.647910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Adaptation of Primate Retinal Ganglion Cells between Artificial and Natural Stimuli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.11.648094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase Separation and a Hydrodynamic Instability Localize Proteins at Growing Microtubule Ends 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.11.648094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulating microtubule dynamics is essential for cellular function, and precise localization of regulatory proteins at microtubule ends is critical. End-binding protein EB3, a key regulator of microtubule growth, accumulates over an extended region at the growing end, forming a comet that gradually fragments into transient droplets along the microtubule shaft. Here, we combine in vitro reconstitution experiments with theoretical analysis to show that surface-mediated condensation of EB3 effectively localizes the protein at microtubule ends. Our results reveal that a Rayleigh-Plateau instability limits the condensates extent, producing a finite comet length and discrete droplets along the shaft. Remarkably, the comet size is independent of the GTP-cap size. This finding is supported by experiments on cells showing that modulation of microtubule growth velocity and hence GTP-cap size do not consistently alter EB3 comet length. Furthermore, our theory shows that rapid droplet evaporation requires a transition of EB3 to a non-phase-separating state. Overall, our work challenges the view that comet length directly reflects GTP-cap size and highlights a novel mechanism for regulating microtubule dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schaer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miesch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catapano, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumoulin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velluz, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.11.648094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase Separation and a Hydrodynamic Instability Localize Proteins at Growing Microtubule Ends]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unveiling the Molecular Architecture of T Cells and Immune Synapses with Cryo-Expansion Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular communication is critical for anti-cancer immunity, with tumor cell killing occurring at immunological synapses (IS) formed between effector immune cells and target tumor cells. While optical super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has enlightened the spatial organization of the IS mostly in regular immune cells, visualizing the nanoscale architectural features of IS in its native state, including 3D receptor distribution and the ultrastructural details of the lytic granule release remains challenging. Using cryo-expansion microscopy (cryo-ExM), we unravel the cellular architecture of activated T cells and T cell-target cell pairs. Our approach visualizes actin and microtubule networks during synapse formation, membrane topography, and the distribution of signaling molecules and lytic granules of different types, offering novel insights into IS organization. Finally, we apply U-ExM to glioblastoma tissue, visualizing T cells and their lytic content in situ, highlighting its potential for pre-clinical immunotherapy studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lemaitre, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mean, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutoit, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rath, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migliorini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HAMEL, v.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.15.648816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unveiling the Molecular Architecture of T Cells and Immune Synapses with Cryo-Expansion Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.19.647461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioengineering of the implantable vascularized endocrine constructs for insulin delivery suitable for clinical upscaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.19.647461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Beta cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes is hindered by poor graft survival and suboptimal function, largely due to inadequate vascularization and lack of supportive microenvironment. To address these challenges, we developed a clinically scalable, extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic hydrogel, termed Amniogel, derived from human amniotic membrane via streamlined, clinically compliant process. Co-encapsulation of pancreatic islets with blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) within Amniogel facilitated the formation of prevascularized endocrine constructs (VECs). These constructs demonstrated enhanced {beta}-cell viability and function through ECM-bound pro-survival signals, rapid self-assembly of perfusable endothelial networks enabling efficient glucose sensing, and deposition of laminin-rich basement membranes enhancing {beta}-cell coupling and insulin secretion kinetics. In preclinical diabetic mouse models, VECs rapidly integrated with the host vasculature and provided sustained glycemic control when implanted subcutaneously. This integrative approach, combining a scalable, cost-effective biological scaffold with autologous vascularization potential, represents a significant advancement toward durable and clinically translatable {beta}-cell replacement therapies for T1DM.

One Sentence SummaryA clinically scalable, biological hydrogel based vascularized endocrine constructs show sustained diabetes reversal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bellofatto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebreton, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassany, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bignard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marteyn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mar Fonseca, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olgasi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf-van Buerck, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honarpisheh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MARTINEZ DE TEJADA WEBER, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Follenzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Citro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piemonti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>THAUNAT, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seissler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>COMPAGNON, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>cohen, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BERISHVILI, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VANGUARD consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.19.647461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioengineering of the implantable vascularized endocrine constructs for insulin delivery suitable for clinical upscaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.24.650395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Dual Homeostatic Regulation of Dry Mass and Volume Defines a Target Density in Proliferating Mammalian Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.24.650395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The concentration of macromolecules, especially proteins, is vital for cellular function and is influenced not only by synthesis and degradation but also by the total cell volume. While we understand various growth regulation mechanisms, the coupling of dry mass and volume in growing mammalian cells remains unclear. Here we show that two independent mechanisms acting in single cells --one regulating volume through biophysical modulation and the other controlling protein biosynthesis--work together to maintain macromolecular dry mass density and restore it following perturbations. These mechanisms ensure that proliferating cells remain within a specific range around a target density, providing density homeostasis at the population level. Although the target density appears consistent across different cell types, it is disrupted around cell division, upon perturbations of growth pathways and in senescent cells. It may represent an optimal value for cellular processes, ensuring the efficiency of essential intracellular functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plancke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rollin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosentino Lagomarsino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.24.650395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Dual Homeostatic Regulation of Dry Mass and Volume Defines a Target Density in Proliferating Mammalian Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurogliaform cells mediate interhemispheric modulation of sensory-evoked activity in cortical pyramidal neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Integration of bilateral sensory inputs requires effective communication between brain hemispheres. This interhemispheric communication is essential for sensory perception and involves reciprocal connections between homotopic sensory areas. A key role in this process is attributed to interhemispheric inhibition which, owing to its long-lasting form, is posited to operate largely through neurogliaform cells (NGCs). However, direct evidence on the role of NGCs in interhemispheric inhibition is missing. Here we show that NGCs in the mouse barrel cortex (BC) are engaged by interhemispheric callosal projections to modulate pyramidal neuron (PN) activity and sensory perception. Using optogenetics, ex vivo whole-cell recordings, and in vivo calcium imaging, we found that layer 1 and layer 2/3 (L1-3) NGCs are strongly activated by the callosal and suppressed by the thalamocortical pathway, suggesting that NGCs encode ipsilateral rather than contralateral whisker stimuli. We also found that direct stimulation of L1-3 NGCs modulates whisker-evoked activity in L2/3 and L5b PNs, and increases the perceptual threshold in a whisker-deflection detection task. Furthermore, these effects were recapitulated by direct stimulation of callosal projections and deflection of the ipsilateral whiskers respectively, suggesting that the effect of the callosal pathway on sensory perception is mediated by NGCs. Our results not only prove that NGCs mediate interhemispheric inhibition, but also demonstrate their role in sensory perception via modulation of the main units involved in cortical input and output.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Markopoulos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chrereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandalise, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chippalkatti, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtmaat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.651595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurogliaform cells mediate interhemispheric modulation of sensory-evoked activity in cortical pyramidal neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.652171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High levels of Cdc42 GTPase underlie an all-or-none decision to fuse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.652171v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cdc42 is a Rho-family GTPase conserved across eukaryotes, where it plays essential roles in cell polarization. In single-celled yeast systems, Cdc42 is a key driver of symmetry breaking and polarized growth, forming zones of activity that locally recruit eRectors to organize the cytoskeleton and polarize secretion. Here we show that Cdc42 also functions in cell-cell fusion during Schizosaccharomyces pombe sexual reproduction but concentrates at the fusion site through mechanisms distinct from those proposed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Notably, the cdc42-mCherrySW allele (but not the cdc42-sfGFPSW allele), which is functional for cell polarization and has been used across organisms for dynamic studies, exhibits a strong fusion defect. These cells block fusion before cell wall digestion but after actin fusion focus formation, indicating that Cdc42 is required to translate the vesicle cluster into polarized cargo delivery. We trace the defect to instability of Cdc42-mCherrySW and demonstrate that cell fusion requires higher Cdc42 protein levels than mitotic polarized growth. Remarkably, by constructing an allelic series driving Cdc42 expression over a 5-fold range, we discover that polarized growth responds linearly to Cdc42 protein levels, whereas sexual reproduction exhibits a sharp switch-like response. Thus, the topology of the Cdc42 regulatory network is distinct for its polarization and mating functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajeevan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merlini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincenzetti, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.05.652171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High levels of Cdc42 GTPase underlie an all-or-none decision to fuse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Within- and Between-Assessor Reliability of Lower-Limb Inter-Joint Coordination During Gait in Individuals With and Without Cerebral Palsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651648v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundInter-joint coordination plays a key role in walking, particularly in people with cerebral palsy (CP), who experience altered movement patterns. The Continuous Relative Phase (CRP) method quantifies lower-limb coordination by assessing the phase relationships between joints. However, the reliability of CRP measurements during walking in individuals with CP remains unexplored, and may be affected by measurement variability due to marker placement errors, soft tissue artifacts, and natural movement fluctuations. Quantifying this reliability is important for appropriate clinical comparisons. This study aimed to quantify within- and between-assessor reliability of lower-limb CRP measurements in individuals with CP and their non-impaired (NI) peers.

MethodsCP (n=19, age=18.4{+/-}7.3 years, GMFCS I-III) and NI (n=19, age=18.3{+/-}11.2 years) individuals completed two gait assessment sessions, each including 3D motion capture of at least 10 walking trials. Two trained assessors independently placed reflective markers and conducted gait analyses. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were computed for knee-hip and ankle-knee coordination across gait subphases.

FindingsThe SEM and MDC were lower for knee-hip than ankle-knee coordination, suggesting higher measurement reliability for proximal joint coupling. For knee-hip coordination, MDC reached 15.1{+/-}0.7{degrees}(CP) and 9.3{+/-}0.6{degrees}(NI) between assessors, and 23.8{+/-}3.0{degrees}(CP) and 9.1{+/-}1.6{degrees}(NI) within assessors. For ankle-knee coordination, MDC reached 29.0{+/-}2.6{degrees}(CP) and 25.0{+/-}3.5{degrees}(NI) between assessors, peaking at 47.3{+/-}10.9{degrees}(CP) and 28.6{+/-}1.5{degrees}(NI) in mid-swing within assessors.

InterpretationThis study provides the first metrological reference for reliability of CRP-based inter-joint coordination during gait in CP. Results showed poor reliability, emphazing that such measurements must be interpreted with caution.

Highlights- Knee-hip showed greater reliability than ankle-knee coordination across gait phases
- Cerebral palsy individuals showed higher variability than non-impaired peers


The beginning and the end of gait cycle showed the poorest reliability

Pre-post comparisons should account for MDC thresholds to avoid misinterpretation
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dussault Picard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carcreff, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leboeuf, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.01.651648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Within- and Between-Assessor Reliability of Lower-Limb Inter-Joint Coordination During Gait in Individuals With and Without Cerebral Palsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.652279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrathin Liquid Cells for Microsecond Time-Resolved Cryo-EM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.652279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microsecond time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy promises to significantly advance our understanding of protein function by rendering cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) fast enough to observe proteins at work. This emerging technique involves flash melting a cryo sample with a laser beam to provide a brief time window during which dynamics are initiated. When the laser is switched off, the sample revitrifies, arresting the proteins in their transient configurations. However, observations have so far been limited to tens of microseconds only, due to the instability of the thin liquid film under laser irradiation. Here, we seal samples between two ultrathin, vapor-deposited silicon dioxide membranes to extend the observation window by an order of magnitude. These membranes not only allow for reconstructions with near-atomic spatial resolution, but can also be used to eliminate preferred particle orientation. Finally, we perform a time-resolved temperature jump experiment on the 50S ribosomal subunit that provides new insights into the conformational landscape of the L1 stalk. Our experiments significantly expand the capabilities of microsecond time-resolved cryo-EM and promise to bridge the gap to the millisecond timescale, which can already be addressed with traditional approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Curtis, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hruby, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruger, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrass, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drabbels, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenz, U. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.05.652279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrathin Liquid Cells for Microsecond Time-Resolved Cryo-EM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.653810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial control of secretory vesicle targeting by the Ync13-Rga7-Rng10 complex during cytokinesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.653810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytokinesis requires precise coordination of contractile-ring constriction, vesicle trafficking and fusion to the plasma membrane, and extracellular matrix assembly/remodeling at the cleavage furrow to ensure faithful cell division and maintain cell integrity. These processes and proteins involved are broadly conserved across eukaryotes, yet molecular mechanisms controlling the spatiotemporal pathways of membrane trafficking remain poorly understood. Here, using fission yeast genetics, microscopy, and in vitro binding assays, we identify a conserved module including the Munc13 protein Ync13, F-BAR protein Rga7, and coiled-coil protein Rng10 to be critical for precise and selective vesicle targeting during cytokinesis. The module specifically recruit the TRAPP-II but not exocyst complex to tether vesicles containing the glucan synthases Bgs4 and Ags1 along the cleavage furrow. Ync13 subsequently interacts with the SM protein Sec1 for vesicle fusion. Mutations in this pathway disrupt septum integrity and lead to cell lysis. Our work provides key insights into how membrane trafficking is tightly controlled to maintain cell integrity during cytokinesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.13.653810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial control of secretory vesicle targeting by the Ync13-Rga7-Rng10 complex during cytokinesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.17.654650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism-driven screening of membrane-targeting and pore-forming antimicrobial peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.17.654650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rise of antibiotic resistance has generated an urgent demand for the discovery of new antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), prompting the development of various screening strategies. However, the specific function mechanisms of AMPs are often overlooked during the screening and optimization processes. In this study, we introduce a mechanism-driven screening approach that employs machine learning-based computational models to identify peptide sequences that target membranes and form pores. This approach explicitly considers critical factors such as structural features, membrane ainity, and the ability of peptides to oligomerize. Our method was applied to the metaproteomes of poison frogs, African clawed frogs, and human skin, followed by experimental validation. Seven peptides were successfully screened, each demonstrating antimicrobial activity with minimal hemolysis and cytotoxicity. These peptides exhibited membrane disruption capabilities in liposome leakage assays, with three showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, single-molecule experiments indicated that these peptides can oligomerize on membranes, while electrophysiological measurements detected pore formation, confirming the effectiveness of our screening strategy. Therefore, our screening approach can effectively identify AMP sequences that act through membrane-targeting and poreforming mechanisms, offering a promising, mechanism-driven strategy for the discovery of new antimicrobial agents to combat antibiotic resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bada Juarez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wettstein, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.17.654650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism-driven screening of membrane-targeting and pore-forming antimicrobial peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intra-tumoral delivery of FLT3L with CXCR3/CCR5 ligands promotes XCR1+ DC1 infiltration and activates anti-tumor immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor infiltration by XCR1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) correlates strongly with favorable prognosis and improved responses to immunotherapy. Yet, tumor-driven immunosuppressive programs restrict efficient cDC1 recruitment, highlighting the need for strategies increasing cDC1 access to the tumor microenvironment. Here, we establish a proof-of-concept cell-based immunotherapy that enhances the infiltration of circulating cDC1 progenitors and supports their local expansion. Intratumoral engraftment of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells engineered to express membrane bound FLT3L promotes cDC1 recruitment when combined with poly(I:C). We identify poly(I:C)-induced CXCL9 and CCL5 as essential chemokines controlling intratumoral cDC1 infiltration. Stromal cell-mediated local delivery of FLT3L together with CXCL9 and CCL5 is sufficient to enhance cDC1 infiltration in mice or humanized mice settings. Finally, this approach activates antitumor immunity and partially overcomes resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. Collectively, our data support the therapeutic potential of expanding intratumoral cDC1s through local and sustained delivery of FLT3L, CXCL9, and CCL5.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gorline, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa do Carmo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourdely, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borneres, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaudiau, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semervil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vetillard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiquet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theobald, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calmette, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anselmi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fico, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginhoux, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saveanu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helft, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalod, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dusseaux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Santo, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugues, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guermonprez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.19.654717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intra-tumoral delivery of FLT3L with CXCR3/CCR5 ligands promotes XCR1+ DC1 infiltration and activates anti-tumor immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.654880v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feeding induces c-Fos in hepatocytes contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma in obesity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.654880v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcription factor c-Fos plays an important role in hepatic metabolism; however, its role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Here, we show that hepatic c-Fos is induced by insulin after feeding and suppressed by glucagon during fasting in chow-fed mice. In lean mice, adenovirus-mediated c-Fos ectopic expression in the liver is sufficient to cause insulin resistance. In diet-induced obesity or after ectopic expression in hepatocytes, c-Fos promotes MASLD progression by altering PPAR signaling and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Mechanistically, c-Fos drives glycolysis, stress-associated MAPK, and insulin-related PI3K-Akt signaling, exacerbating metabolic dysregulation. In HCC, c-Fos expression correlates with PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and calcium signaling pathways activation. Moreover, c-Fos siRNA knockdown in human liver cancer cells reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis under lipotoxic or ER stress conditions. These findings identify c-Fos as a critical mediator of liver steatosis progression, linking hepatocyte signaling and metabolic reprogramming to liver dysfunction and tumorigenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilglioni, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St-Pierre-Wijckmans, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosseinzadeh, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veyrat-Durebex, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakiri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurzov, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.20.654880</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feeding induces c-Fos in hepatocytes contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma in obesity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Harnessing distinct tissue-resident immune niches via S100A9/TLR4 improves ketone, lipid, and glucose metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunometabolism contributes to the development of metabolic diseases. Yet, how certain metabolic disorders, such as insulin deficiency (ID), influence immune cell function is poorly understood. Here, we observe that ID rearranges the immune landscape of the liver, causing a decrease in T cells and an increase in Kupffer cells, accompanied by a shift in the transcriptome and polarization of the latter. Treating ID mice with the protein S100A9 rescues the polarization and lipid-related changes caused by ID in the KCs, and rescues hypertriglyceridemia and hyperketonemia in a TLR4-dependent manner. Additionally, S100A9 acts on other immune niches to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, improving hyperglycemia. In summary, the S100A9-TLR4 axis is a new tool to harness immune cells for improving ID-related metabolic dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lucibello, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ursino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teixeira, P. D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahoran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanuele, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallikourdis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visentin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veyrat-Durebex, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widmer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cremonesi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wollheim, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castets, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramadori, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.655283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Harnessing distinct tissue-resident immune niches via S100A9/TLR4 improves ketone, lipid, and glucose metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurotoxicity of Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether: Multiomic Evidence from Human BrainSpheres 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exposure to solvents may contribute to the development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Glycol ethers consist in a widely used class of organic solvents leading to workers and consumers exposure via many different applications. Ethylene glycol ethers are gradually being replaced by propylene glycol ethers thought to be less toxic. However, their neurotoxicity is not systematically assessed prior to placing them on the market. Therefore, this study investigated the potential neurotoxicity of propylene glycol butyl ether (PGBE) for which no official occupational limit has been established. To this aim, new approach methodologies have been used. Human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived BrainSpheres model was exposed to PGBE and to its main metabolite, 2-butoxypropanoic acid (2BPA). An integrative multiomic approach (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics) was adopted to assess molecular alterations, derive benchmark concentrations and define potential mechanisms of action. PGBE was neurotoxic at occupationally relevant exposure concentrations. This was shown for the first time in human cells. And, although PGBE was more cytotoxic than 2BPA, both compounds showed very similar neurotoxicity. PGBE and 2BPA strongly affected the cell cycle, induced oxidative stress and perturbed energy and lipid metabolism. They also targeted specific nervous system processes, such as axon guidance and synapse organization. Finally, 2BPA may trigger ferroptosis by increased iron uptake. Our results show an urgent need for public health authorities to carefully assess the risk glycol ethers pose to humans, to properly protect the workers as well as individuals in the general population unknowingly exposed from indoor air contaminations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez Rodriguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pamies, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boccard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meister, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galmiche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maret, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heritier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frangiamone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zurich, M.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.22.655411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurotoxicity of Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether: Multiomic Evidence from Human BrainSpheres]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal and spatial coordination of DNA segregation and cell division in an archaeon. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656325v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells must coordinate DNA segregation with cytokinesis to ensure that each daughter cell inherits a complete genome. Here, we explore how DNA segregation and division are mechanistically coupled in archaeal relatives of eukaryotes, which lack CDK/Cyclins. Using live cell imaging we first describe the series of sequential changes in DNA organisation that accompany cell division in Sulfolobus, which computational modelling shows likely aid genome segregation. Through a perturbation analysis we identify a regulatory checkpoint which ensures that the compaction of the genome into two spatially segregated nucleoids only occurs once cells have assembly a division ring - which also defines the axis of DNA segregation. Finally, we show that DNA compaction and segregation depends, in part, on a ParA homologue, SegA, and its partner SegB, whose absence leads to bridging DNA. Taken together, these data show how regulatory checkpoints like those operating in eukaryotes aid high-fidelity division in an archaeon.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parham, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cezanne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorichetti, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoogenberg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mawdesley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gatward, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulanger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saric, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.28.656325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal and spatial coordination of DNA segregation and cell division in an archaeon.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Arch from the Stones: Understanding Protein Folding Energy Landscapes via Bio-inspired Collective Variables 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein folding remains a formidable challenge despite significant advances, particularly in sequence-to-structure prediction. Accurately capturing thermodynamics and intermediates via simulations demands overcoming timescale limitations, making effective collective variable (CV) design for enhanced sampling crucial. Here, we introduce a strategy to automatically construct complementary, bio-inspired CVs. These uniquely capture local hydrogen bonding--explicitly distinguishing protein-protein from protein-water interactions--and side-chain packing, taking into account both native and non-native contacts to enhance state resolution. Using these CVs in combination with advanced enhanced sampling methods, we simulate the folding of Chignolin and TRP-cage, validating our approach against extensive unbiased simulations. Our results accurately resolve complex free energy landscapes, reveal critical intermediates such as the dry molten globule and demonstrate agreement with reference data. This interpretable and portable strategy underscores the critical role of microscopic details in protein folding, opening up a promising avenue for studying larger, more complex biomolecular systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heritier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piasentin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.28.656575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Arch from the Stones: Understanding Protein Folding Energy Landscapes via Bio-inspired Collective Variables]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657392v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant cerebrovascular reactivity presents as an early biomarker of psychosis susceptibility in patients with 22q11.2DS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657392v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brains ability to regulate blood flow is fundamental to both its function and development. In the context of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, understanding the complex interactions between cerebrovascular health and brain function is crucial for unraveling the pathophysiology of psychosis. This study investigates the developmental trajectory of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) compared to healthy controls, and its association with psychosis susceptibility. Using a longitudinal data-set of resting-state fMRI, we mapped voxel-level CVR across development. We found significant and early CVR impairments in 22q11.2DS, and in particular in those who later developed positive psychotic symptoms (PPS+). These impairments were evident within the anterior cingulate cortex, frontal lobes, and globi pallidi (GB). We propose that the pattern of CVR reduction presenting early during childhood is possibly linked to blood brain barrier impairment. A decrease in CVR during childhood and within the frontal regions and GB was predictive of subsequent development of positive psychotic symptoms (PPS), which often occurs during adolescence in 22q11.2DS patients. These findings suggest that cerebrovascular health is critical for normal brain development, particularly in regions like the striatum, which are vulnerable to vascular damage due to their anatomical features. These results underline the potential of CVR as an early biomarker for psychosis vulnerability, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to mitigate neurodevelopmental disruptions of cerebrovascular health in 22q11.2DS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delavari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascucci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacour, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657392</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant cerebrovascular reactivity presents as an early biomarker of psychosis susceptibility in patients with 22q11.2DS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.652172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxytocin release modulates acute neuroinflammation and improves brain development after pediatric traumatic brain injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.652172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability early in life in infants, and its neurodevelopmental consequences cannot currently be effectively treated. Since TBI is associated with neuroinflammation, modulation of the post-injury neuroinflammatory response is a promising strategy. Oxytocin is thought to have anti-inflammatory properties and appears to play a role in clinical interventions that improve brain development in neonates. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, as does its applicability to acute brain injury. Here we investigate the effects of chemogenetic modulation of endogenous oxytocin on acute neuroinflammation and on long-term brain development after TBI in postnatal day 7 (P7) male mice. We show that oxytocin release attenuates the acute neuroinflammatory response to TBI 24 hours after injury, by reducing the expression of immune- and inflammation-related genes in astrocytes and promoting gene pathways for brain repair and development in microglia. In the long term, oxytocin exposure ameliorates subcortical and cortical white matter damage after TBI, prevents hyperactivity and loss of social behavior, and restores TBI-induced alterations in resting-state functional connectivity of the isocortex. These findings enhance our understanding of the modulation of neuroinflammation and its long-term effects and support intervention related to endogenous oxytocin release as a promising neuroprotective strategy in pediatric TBI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knoop, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Possovre, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van de Looij, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schirmbeck, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceyzeriat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitetti, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farias Sanches, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musardo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsartsalis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tournier, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sizonenko, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baud, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.652172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxytocin release modulates acute neuroinflammation and improves brain development after pediatric traumatic brain injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiorespiratory mechanisms triggered during music perception in preterm infants and adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SHORT-ABSTRACTPreterm newborns autonomic response to dynamic auditory stimuli is poorly understood. To examine how cardiac and respiratory systems adjust their rhythms in response to music, we assessed 18 preterm infants (gestational age 37.73 {+/-} 0.80 weeks) and 19 adults across music listening. Heart rate variability (HRV) dynamics and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and cardiorespiratory coupling were analyzed. Both groups showed decreased high-frequency power in HRV during music listening. In preterm infants, RSA increased (p-value = 0.005), possibly suggesting a state of calm alertness, where the infant is physiologically prepared for interaction with environmental stimuli, while adults had decreased RSA (p-value = 0.003) and concomitant increased values of the low frequency/high frequency power ratio, possibly reflecting heightened alertness. While HRV responses to music were similar between preterms and adults, only the investigation of RSA and cardiorespiratory coupling measures revealed the delicate balance of autonomic dynamics in preterm newborns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lavezzo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcos-Munoz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margaria, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scilingo, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollenweider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nardelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hüppi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filippa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.03.657691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiorespiratory mechanisms triggered during music perception in preterm infants and adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.06.658400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a liposomal formulation of a TKI: the active loading of erlotinib.HCl 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.06.658400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Erlotinib.HCl is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used to treat NSCLC and pancreatic cancer in combination with gemcitabine. It is associated with severe adverse effects. This has led researchers to explore encapsulation strategies to reduce these effects. At the same time, previous studies have investigated diverse forms of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for erlotinib.HCl, active loading into liposomes remains unexplored. In this study, we report the first successful active loading of erlotinib.HCl into liposomes.

A critical step in nanomedicine development is its translation to clinical settings. Current studies typically progress from 2D cell culture to mouse models. The former lacks complexity, while the latter lacks relevant human physiology. We believe there is a gap between the two models. Therefore, we evaluated our formulation using both traditional cell lines and patient-derived organoids (PDOs).

Our findings demonstrate successful active loading of erlotinib.HCl into liposomes. Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in both toxicity profiles and cellular uptake between 2D cell lines and PDOs, highlighting the importance of using complementary model systems in nanomedicine development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schelker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trap, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boechard, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowak-Sliwinska, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.06.658400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a liposomal formulation of a TKI: the active loading of erlotinib.HCl]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
iSleep: Continuous, binocular pupil tracking in sleep and reduced consciousness for physiological monitoring, predictions and interventions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monitoring pupil dynamics is a key tool in understanding arousal. Pupil size can serve as a biomarker for the autonomic nervous system balance as well as for identifying brain states. While internal states can also be self-reported when awake, automated detection and non-invasive monitoring is crucial during sleep and reduced consciousness. Here, we introduce iSleep, an innovative pupil tracking and analysis framework for sleep in humans. It features comfortable, humidified eye-tracking goggles and a platform for integrated analysis and prediction capabilities. We show that iSleep allows safe and continuous access to binocular pupil size and ocular dynamics during sleep and anesthesia. iSleep reveals that pupillary fluctuations correlate tightly with brain activity, heartbeat, and breathing, and can reliably predict brain states. Pupil constrictions reflect parasympathetic drive and likely serve a protective function for deep sleep stability; while dilations indicate arousals. Unexpectedly, we observed a decoupling of binocular movements during periods of sleep, indicating alterations in reflexes which usually govern voluntary eye movements. Finally, iSleep was tested in surgery patients under general anesthesia, revealing dynamic pupil changes to noxious stimuli, suggesting the potential for nociception monitoring during surgeries. In summary, iSleep offers an easy-to-use, robust alternative to read out brain states during sleep and anesthesia, opening new avenues in monitoring, diagnostics, and treatments, previously obscured by closed eyelids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuzgec, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legendre, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asadian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloria, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tourdot, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novozhilova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Ancona, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulanova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kecik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maccari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen Tang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Delden, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bravetti, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kropp, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boex, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakus, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sollander, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vutskits, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thumann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[iSleep: Continuous, binocular pupil tracking in sleep and reduced consciousness for physiological monitoring, predictions and interventions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.659906v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diatom ultrastructural diversity across controlled and natural environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.659906v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diatoms are ubiquitous aquatic microalgae critical to our planet, that were amongst the pioneer model organisms in cell biology for their large and transparent cell structure. However, their robust silica cell wall renders diatoms impermeable to many dyes and antibodies, and complicates the intracellular delivery of gene editing tools - driving in part the eventual decline of diatoms as mainstream model species despite their unique cellular physiology and remarkable ecological success. Here, we demonstrate that cryo-fixation combined with ultrastructural expansion microscopy (cryo-ExM) can overcome the silica barrier across diverse diatom species spanning over 80 million years of evolutionary time. We illustrate the potential of cryo-ExM to provide scalable, cost-effective volumetric imaging of diatom ultrastructure in laboratory cultures, as well as field-collected samples from the pan-European TREC expedition. We first reveal striking similarities in interphase microtubule organization across diverse diatom species by characterizing cytoskeletal arrangements throughout cell cycles and populations, uniting both pennate and centric morphologies under shared principles. We further unveil diatom photosynthetic diversity through qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis of chloroplast and pyrenoid morphologies, demonstrating that each diatom species architects unique photosynthetic machinery. Using cryo-ExM on environmental samples further exposes intricate diatom symbioses, revealing tight spatial organisation of ecological interactions. This methodology makes diatoms more accessible for modern and comparative cell biology research, providing new opportunities to investigate the cellular mechanisms of one of Earths most successful photosynthetic groups.

HighlightsO_LICryo-ExM successfully overcomes diatom frustule barriers to achieve consistent, high-resolution immunofluorescence across evolutionarily diverse species - allowing for comparative cell biology in one of the most important phytoplankton groups on the planet.
C_LIO_LICharacterizing microtubule organisation in asynchronously cycling single cells and colonial chains, reveals core features of interphase microtubule organisation across multiple pennate and centric diatom species.
C_LIO_LIComparative analysis of chloroplast and pyrenoid morphologies across species provides qualitative and quantitative insights on photosynthetic diversity, suggesting that photosynthetic architectures are unique to each diatom.
C_LIO_LIApplied to environmental samples, cryo-ExM provides detailed insight on spatial organisation of diatom symbioses.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flori, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flaum, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moog, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guessoum, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beavis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwahlen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero-Brey, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orschot, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele-Ogus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobile Labs Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwab, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.16.659906</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diatom ultrastructural diversity across controlled and natural environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Domain-Specific EPR Spectroscopy to Monitor Facilitated Dissociation of a DNA-Transcription Factor Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by interacting with specific DNA sequences in various manners, yet the mechanisms by which they dissociate from high-affinity DNA sites under physiological conditions remain not completely understood. Here, we employ continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) spectroscopy in native solution state to resolve, with domain-level precision, the dissociation dynamics of the MYC-associated factor X (MAX) from its cognate EBOX DNA motif. Site-directed spin labeling reveals that in the absence of DNA, MAX undergoes a stepwise dissociation process--beginning with melting of the N-terminal disordered region (NTD), followed by the helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain, and culminating in leucine zipper (LZ) dimer dissociation. DNA binding reorganizes this process into a cooperative all-or-none transition, wherein destabilization of the LZ triggers concerted collapse of the entire trimeric MAX:MAX-DNA complex. Strikingly, the addition of a disordered BRCA1 fragment (residues 219-504) disrupts this cooperativity by selectively destabilizing DNA contacts in the NTD and HLH regions, without perturbing the LZ. This results in facilitated dissociation via competitive DNA binding, observed here directly at domain-level resolution. Our findings establish EPR spectroscopy as a uniquely sensitive tool for dissecting TF-DNA dynamics under physiological conditions, offering mechanistic insight into regulated unbinding processes inaccessible to ensemble methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Epasto, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sicoli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurzbach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Domain-Specific EPR Spectroscopy to Monitor Facilitated Dissociation of a DNA-Transcription Factor Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.660204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Luminal Ring Protein C2CD3 Acts as a Radial In-to-Out Organizer of the Distal Centriole and Appendages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.660204v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles are polarized microtubule-based structures with appendages at their distal end that are essential for cilia formation and function. The protein C2CD3 is critical for distal appendage assembly, with mutations linked to orofaciodigital syndrome and other ciliopathies. However, its precise molecular role in appendage recruitment remains unclear. Using Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy (U-ExM), iterative U-ExM, and in situ cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), we reveal that C2CD3 adopts a radially symmetric 9-fold organization within the centrioles distal lumen. We show that the C-terminal region of C2CD3 localizes close to a [~]100 nm luminal ring structure consisting of [~]27 nodes, while its N-terminal region localizes close to a hook-like structure that attaches to the A-microtubule as it extends from the centriole interior to exterior. This hook structure is adjacent to the DISCO complex (MNR/CEP90/OFD1), which marks future appendage sites. C2CD3 depletion disrupts not only the recruitment of the DISCO complex via direct interaction with MNR but also destabilizes the luminal ring network composed of C2CD3/SFI1/centrin-2/CEP135/NA14, as well as the distal microtubule tip protein CEP162. This reveals an intricate "in-to-out" molecular hub connecting the centriolar lumen, distal microtubule cap, and appendages. Although C2CD3 loss results in shorter centrioles and appendage defects, key structural elements remain intact, permitting continued centriole duplication. We propose that C2CD3 forms the luminal ring structure and extends radially to the space between triplet microtubules, functioning as an architectural hub that scaffolds the distal end of the centriole, orchestrating its assembly and directing appendage formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bertiaux, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louvel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCafferty, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Hoek, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batman, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bournonville, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mean, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van der Stappen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buss, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daraspe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genoud, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stearns, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.17.660204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Luminal Ring Protein C2CD3 Acts as a Radial In-to-Out Organizer of the Distal Centriole and Appendages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.659449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monomeric and oligomeric forms of Bcl-xL in direct andindirect inhibition of apoptosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.659449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Bcl-2 protein Bcl-xL is an inhibitor of intrinsic apoptosis which either directly inhibits the pore-forming Bcl-2 proteins, like Bax or Bak, or indirectly inhibits pore formation by sequestering the pro-apoptotic BH3-only activators. The structural basis of the inhibition of pore formation in the outer mitochondrial membrane is still largely unknown due to the lack of atomic resolution structures of the relevant inhibitory complexes at the membrane. Here we present a protocol to obtain high-yield recombinant monomeric full-length Bcl-xL proteins. The monomeric Bcl-xL retains the ability to shuttle between membrane and aqueous environments and can successfully inhibit Bcl-2-induced membrane permeabilization via both modes of action, as proven by in vitro and in organelle assays with a minimal Bcl-2 interactome constituted by Bcl-xL, cBid, and Bax.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elsner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roderer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordignon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.16.659449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monomeric and oligomeric forms of Bcl-xL in direct andindirect inhibition of apoptosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.19.660437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing the Dominant GPCR Coupling of Pathogenic Gαo Mutants in GNAO1-Related Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.19.660437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterozygous mutations in the GNAO1 gene, which encodes the Go subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, cause a spectrum of rare neurodevelopmental disorders ranging from early-onset epileptic encephalopathy to milder dystonia phenotypes. Disease dominance of Go mutants appears to arise from multiple functional disruptions, including impaired guanine nucleotide handling, failure to adopt the active conformation, and neomorphic interactions with Ric8A/B chaperones. In parallel, several Go variants have been independently reported to dominantly engage G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or to sequester G{beta}{gamma}, two mechanistically distinct behaviors. These conclusions were inferred from different indirect biosensor assays, likely contributing to the apparent contradiction in their proposed mechanisms. To overcome this, we developed a split-YFP-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay to visualize receptor-Go protein complexes at the plasma membrane. Using this system, we found that severe Go variants (S47G, G203R, R209C, E246K) fail to disengage from activated Gi/o-coupled GPCRs, thereby preventing downstream receptor phosphorylation and endocytosis. By contrast, milder dystonia-linked mutants (C215Y and T241_N242insPQ) showed near-normal receptor internalization and only minor phosphorylation defects. These findings establish dominant GPCR coupling as a molecular hallmark of severe GNAO1-related disorders and point to split-YFP BiFC as a robust platform for probing mutant G protein behavior in genetic disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Larasati, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabesahala de Meritens, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katanaev, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solis, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.19.660437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing the Dominant GPCR Coupling of Pathogenic Gαo Mutants in GNAO1-Related Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.22.660955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionarily diverged on-switch for actin assembly in fungal endocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.22.660955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a conserved eukaryotic trafficking process where an Arp2/3 complex nucleated branched actin network provides force for vesicle formation. The mechanisms that initiate endocytic actin assembly are incompletely understood. In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, actin assembly is initiated by Dip1, an Arp2/3 activator. In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the initiation of actin assembly has remained a mystery. Here we show that S. cerevisiae Ldb17, the homolog of Dip1, functions as an on-switch for endocytic actin assembly. Unexpectedly, the regulation of Ldb17 is more complicated than that of constitutively active Dip1. Ldb17 is controlled by a coat protein, Sla1, via separate recruitment and activation steps. This regulation was likely lost in the S. pombe lineage and this simplification may be related to other changes in actin assembly between these species. Our findings add a key missing piece in the understanding of endocytosis in S. cerevisiae and reveal an intriguing evolutionary tinkering of the actin on-switch.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sebellin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandiyoth, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivier-Cordey, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michelot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toret, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.22.660955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionarily diverged on-switch for actin assembly in fungal endocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.20.659060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The origins of time: a systematic review of the neural signatures of temporal prediction in infancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.20.659060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
From birth, individuals interpersonal dimension is underpinned by progressive learning of social interaction rules, their variations rooted in the temporal prediction of sensory events, and the inferences made about the organization of the social world. How this dimension is progressively structured during infancy and articulated at the neural level is a critical question for cognitive and affective neurosciences. This systematic review aims to define the neural signatures of temporal prediction in newborns and infants and to discuss them in the context of the development of proximal cognitive and affective neural functions. Eight peer-reviewed studies were included, with 228 infants from birth to 9 months of age. Studies have shown that the neural signatures of temporal prediction in infants exhibit a broad cerebral localization, including the anterior and medial parts of the brain, particularly in the frontal and central areas. Temporal prediction mechanisms emerge before birth and range from early sensory-driven responses to more complex top-down processes within the first year of life. While current data do not support a clear longitudinal interpretation, these abilities appear to be shaped by both biological predispositions and experiential factors, with interactive rhythmic and musical activities potentially contributing to their development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rambosson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabdebon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filippa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.20.659060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The origins of time: a systematic review of the neural signatures of temporal prediction in infancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.23.660997v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MEGaNorm: Normative Modeling of MEG Brain Oscillations Across the Human Lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.23.660997v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Normative modeling provides a principled framework for quantifying individual deviations from typical brain development and is increasingly used to study heterogeneity in neuropsychiatric conditions. While widely applied to structural phenotypes, functional normative models remain underdeveloped. Here, we introduce MEGaNorm, the first normative modeling framework for charting lifespan trajectories of resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain oscillations. Using a large, multi-site dataset comprising 1,846 individuals aged 6-88 and spanning three MEG systems, we model relative oscillatory power in canonical frequency bands using hierarchical Bayesian regression, accounting for age, sex, and site effects. To support interpretation at multiple scales, we introduce Neuro-Oscillo Charts, visual tools that summarize normative trajectories at the population level and quantify individual-level deviations, enabling personalized assessment of functional brain dynamics. Applying this framework to a Parkinsons disease cohort (n = 160), we show that normative deviation scores reveal disease-related abnormalities and uncover a continuum of patients in theta-beta deviation space. This work provides the first lifespan-encompassing normative reference for MEG oscillations, enabling population-level characterization and individualized benchmarking. All models and tools are openly available and designed for federated, continual adaptation as new data become available, offering a scalable resource for precision neuropsychiatry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zamanzadeh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verduyn, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Boer, A. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ros, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinga, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safar Postma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquand, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Wingerden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kia, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.23.660997</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MEGaNorm: Normative Modeling of MEG Brain Oscillations Across the Human Lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NLRP1 inflammasome activation in skin equivalents revealsmechanistic insights into the roles of keratinocytes in psoriasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Psoriasis is a major inflammatory skin disease for which a causal therapy is still not available. The pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1{beta} and IL-36{gamma} are key drivers of the disease phenotype, but the mechanisms underlying their regulation in psoriasis remain poorly understood. Generation of IL-1{beta} activity is regulated by protein complexes, termed inflammasomes. We activated the NLRP1 inflammasome in human keratinocytes cultivated in three-dimensional skin equivalents. NLRP1 activation induced histological and molecular features that are highly reminiscent of psoriasis. Mechanistically, the phenotype was dependent on IL-1, which triggered a pro-inflammatory epidermal-dermal crosstalk. This included induction of expression of IL-36{gamma}, which, together with IL-1{beta}, was released from keratinocytes through NLRP1-induced gasdermin D pores. The in vivo relevance of these findings is reflected by the expression of the NLRP1 sensor and signs of inflammasome activation in lesional skin of psoriatic patients. Finally, we discovered endogenous cytoplasmic double stranded (ds) RNA, recently associated with cellular perturbations in psoriasis, as a novel activator of the NLRP1 inflammasome in human keratinocytes.

Our results identify a novel endogenous double-stranded RNA-mediated NLRP1-IL-1-IL-36{gamma} signaling axis relevant in psoriasis and suggest targeting of this pathway as a promising treatment strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Di Filippo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karakaya, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennig, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slaufova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boukamp, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascolo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maul, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolm, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levesque, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuendig, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beer, H.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.25.661501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NLRP1 inflammasome activation in skin equivalents revealsmechanistic insights into the roles of keratinocytes in psoriasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Force patterning drives cell flows and 3D spatial order in auditory epithelia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During development, coordinated cell behavior drives the morphogenesis of epithelia into intricate structures essential for their physiological functions. How this coordination is achieved in epithelia composed of multiple cell types remains unclear. We study development of the avian auditory epithelium comprising sensory hair cells (HCs) and non-sensory supporting cells (SCs). Initially, HCs and SCs are arranged into mosaics by Notch-Delta signaling. During development, HCs partially extrude from the epithelium, establish a ten-fold gradient in apical surface area across the tissue, and intercalate with SCs to form near-hexagonal order. Using a combination of experiments and a 3D-vertex model, we show that an increase of contractility at the apical junctions between SCs compared to those between HCs and SCs drives spatial order within the epithelial plane and along the apical-basal axis. A faster increase of HC apical area at one end of the epithelium than the other leads to opposite fluxes of HCs and SCs and establishes the observed gradients in apical surface area and density of HCs along the auditory epithelium while maintaining a uniform degree of hexagonal order throughout. Our findings reveal that patterned junctional contractility can spatially coordinate cell behavior across both the plane and depth of a mixed epithelium, providing a general mechanism for generating complex three-dimensional tissue architectures during organogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weninger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladher, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Force patterning drives cell flows and 3D spatial order in auditory epithelia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiac-locked auditory stimulation modulates pupil and neural dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain is sensitive to temporal regularities across bodily and environmental signals. Here, we investigated the pupil and neural correlates of regularity encoding established across cardiac and auditory stimuli. Auditory sequences were presented in synchrony with the heartbeat (synchronous), at a fixed pace, or without temporal regularity while recording pupillometry, electroencephalography, and electrocardiography in healthy participants. Sounds evoked typical pupil dilation in all conditions. However, only in the synchronous condition, pupil dilation progressively decreased over the course of the sequence, possibly reflecting adaptation to the repeated cardio-auditory alignment. A concurrent increase in global EEG activity suggested enhanced cortical processing in response to the synchronous sequence. Pupil constriction was driven by participants with higher heart rate, indicating that pupil adaptation mostly occurs in response to fast auditory sequences. Cardio-audio regularity encoding manifests as a pupil adaptation and an amplification of global EEG activity, likely reflecting improved temporal prediction precision.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiarion, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cataldi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelentritou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Lucia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiac-locked auditory stimulation modulates pupil and neural dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.661893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
All You Need Is Water: Converging Ligand Binding Simulations with Hydration Collective Variables 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.661893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selecting appropriate collective variables (CVs) is a crucial bottleneck in enhanced sampling molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Although progress has been made with data-driven and intuition-based approaches, optimal CVs remain system-specific. Meanwhile, simple geometric descriptors are still widely used due to their transferability. A promising, yet under-explored, candidate for a more efficient CV is solvation. Indeed, despite its central role in ligand binding and folding, the complexity of solvent behavior has hindered its widespread use. Here, we introduce a data-driven and automatic strategy to construct robust solvation-based CVs. Our method identifies critical hydration sites by analyzing the radial distribution function of water around a ligand. Remarkably, using only these hydration CVs within on-the-fly probability enhanced sampling (OPES) simulations, we successfully converge the binding free energy landscapes for a series of host-guest systems. These landscapes show excellent agreement with those from more computationally expensive benchmark methods. We further demonstrate that the choice of where to bias water is key to efficient convergence, providing clear guidelines for implementation. This work not only underscores the central role of water in molecular recognition but also offers a powerful and generalizable framework for enhancing the sampling of complex biomolecular events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schulze, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khakhula, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piasentin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.27.661893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[All You Need Is Water: Converging Ligand Binding Simulations with Hydration Collective Variables]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.30.662193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A global genetic interaction map of a human cell reveals conserved principles of genetic networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.30.662193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We generated a genome-scale, genetic interaction network from the analysis of more than 4 million double mutants in the haploid human cell line, HAP1. The network maps [~]90,000 genetic interactions, including thousands of extreme synthetic lethal and genetic suppression interactions. Genetic interaction profiles enabled assembly of a hierarchical model of cell function, including modules corresponding to protein complexes, pathways, biological processes, and cellular compartments. Comparative analyses showed that general principles of genetic networks are conserved from yeast to human cells. A genetic interaction network mapped in a single genetic background complements the DepMap gene co-essentiality network, recapitulating many of the same biological connections and also capturing unique functional information to reveal roles of uncharacterized genes and molecular determinants of specific cancer cell line genetic dependencies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Billmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costanzo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pons, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Leeuwen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aregger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mair, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forster, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masud, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilera-Uribe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usaj, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aulakh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhojoo, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birkadze, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budijono, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caumanns, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrashekhar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clinie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drazic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas Echenique, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gacesa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granda Farias, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habsid, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horecka, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kantautas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.30.662193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A global genetic interaction map of a human cell reveals conserved principles of genetic networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.662912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Warm-loving species perform well under limiting resources:trait combinations for future climate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.662912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ecosystems are warming alongside shifts in other abiotic factors, leading to interactive effects on populations and communities. This underscores the importance of studying how organisms respond to multiple environmental changes simultaneously. In aquatic ecosystems, as surface waters of lakes and oceans warm, longer and stronger periods of thermal stratification lead to changes in resource (light and nutrient) availability. We investigate the combined effect of temperature and resource availability on 19 populations (comprising 17 species) of freshwater phytoplankton to examine how temperature influences the minimum resource requirements (and Monod parameters) for light, nitrogen, and phosphorus. We also evaluate how resource availability affects each populations thermal traits (i.e. thermal performance curve -TPC-parameters). When averaged across all populations, the requirements for light and phosphorus tended to display a U-shaped relationship along temperatures. Individual populations varied greatly in their responses to temperature, leading to shifts in the identity of the best competitor across the thermal gradient, particularly for nitrogen and phosphorus. TPC responses to resource limitation were highly variable, but thermal optima and maxima of individual populations often decreased with resource limitation, and thermal breadths (range where growth is 80% or more of its maximum) often increased due to a flattening of TPCs. Across all populations and resource types, the maximum optimum temperature across resource levels (maximum Topt) tended to be positively correlated with the temperature at which they had the lowest resource requirements (minimum R*). However, the temperature at which populations were the best competitors tended to be [~]5 {degrees}C colder on average than the temperature at which they grew the fastest. The populations with the highest thermal optima also had the lowest minimum resource requirements. Our findings reveal trait associations suggesting that some taxa already exhibit trait combinations that would support high performance under future warm and resource-limited conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levasseur, S. A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber de Melo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hille Ris Lambers, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klausmeier, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremer, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litchman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narwani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.04.662912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Warm-loving species perform well under limiting resources:trait combinations for future climate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663218v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shedding of mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel-1 (VDAC1) Reflects COVID-19 Severity and Reveals Macrophage Dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663218v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19 severity correlates with lymphopenia and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the dysfunction of tissue macrophages in COVID-19 patients during the inflammatory cytokine storm has not been fully elucidated.

Hospitalized COVID-19 patients were divided into three groups based on their symptomatic severity: exhibiting mild, moderate, or severe symptoms. Patients exhibited successively increased serum levels of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) at days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14, returning to those of non-infected subjects at day 28. Serum level of VDAC1 was positively correlated with COVID-19 severity and with increased white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, procalcitonin (PCT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT) levels. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from hospitalized COVID-19 patients showed increased VDAC1 content concomitant with a reduced ATP content.

Culture of monocytes, isolated from healthy individuals, and differentiated into polarized M1 macrophages, together with a cytokine mixture (IL-1{beta}, IFN-{gamma}, and TNF-), to mimic the inflammatory cytokine storm, for 24 h markedly increased VDAC1 and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) release in culture medium. The presence of the cytokine mixture reduced the ATP content, cell viability, and the phagocytic capability of macrophages. Co-staining of VDAC1 and the plasma membrane marker Na+/K+-ATPase showed that cytokine-treatment mistargeted VDAC1 to the cell surface of macrophages. All these effects were prevented by VDAC1 inhibition using VBIT-4, VDAC1-specific antibody (VDAC1-ab), or metformin.

Our findings indicate that increased VDAC1 expression and cell surface mistargeting in immune cells might be associated with cell dysfunction, potentially contributing to the severity of COVID-19 infection.

The data also indicate serum VDAC1 as a biomarker of COVID-19 severity and the use of VDAC1 inhibitors as potential drug candidates restoring macrophages and PBMCs function in individuals severely affected by COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sjogren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Marinis, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leandersson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wollheim, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salehi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.07.663218</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shedding of mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel-1 (VDAC1) Reflects COVID-19 Severity and Reveals Macrophage Dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.661465v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial tumour-immune ecosystems shape the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy in primary cutaneous melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.661465v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intra-tumoral heterogeneity in melanoma arises from dynamic cancer cell plasticity and underlies various mechanisms of immune escape. Here, we combined high-plex immunofluorescence imaging with spatially resolved transcriptomics to map the architecture of melanoma cell states and their interactions with the immune microenvironment in primary cutaneous tumours prior to adjuvant anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Computational analyses showed that melanoma cells organise into spatially restricted patches, with a preferential organisation of undifferentiated cells associated with poor ICI efficacy. Neighbouring immune cell composition varied according to cancer cell states, with a crucial involvement of specific subsets of tumour-associated macrophages, driven by signalling pathways involving tumour-derived and microenvironmental cues such as IFN-{gamma} and hypoxia. Integrated spatial analyses further revealed tumour-immune ecosystems that stratify patient outcomes, delineating configurations either associated with ICI efficacy or metastatic relapse. These results uncover the spatial landscape of tumour ecosystems and identify signalling pathways as potential targets for improving the efficacy of ICI in melanoma.

HighlightsO_LIMelanoma cell states spatial organization is associated with aPD1 therapy efficacy
C_LIO_LISpatial organization of TAM subsets is a crucial determinant of ICI outcome
C_LIO_LIMelanoma cells in different states co-localise with functionally distinct TAM subsets
C_LIO_LIIdentification of cell-cell communication pathways that underlie tumour-TAM crosstalk
C_LIO_LIA balance between tumour-immune ecosystems is associated with aPD1 therapy efficacy
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pham, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dufeu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benboubker, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimont, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LHORISSON, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donzel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doffin, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boivin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valladeau-Guilemond, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberhardt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CARAMEL, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.07.661465</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial tumour-immune ecosystems shape the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy in primary cutaneous melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motor Cortex Modulates Ipsilateral Limb Movement Through a Direct Cortico-Cerebellar Circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor cortex is traditionally associated with control of contralateral limb movements via corticospinal and cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways. However, the contribution of ipsilateral motor cortical outputs on motor control remains unclear. Here, we identify and characterize a distinct population of cortico-cerebellar (C-C) neurons in the motor cortex that form monosynaptic projections to the ipsilateral cerebellar nuclei. The C-C neurons receive preferential local motor cortical inputs and exhibit projection patterns distinct from cortico-pontine projecting neurons. Using in vivo imaging and optogenetic perturbations, we show that these neurons are active during locomotion and transitions of volitional movements. Disruption of the C-C projection severely affects the locomotion and balancing. Interestingly, the C-C pathway is selectively involved in the initiation and coordination of ipsilateral forelimb movements, without affecting contralateral movement kinematics. These findings shed light on a non-canonical cortico-cerebellar pathway that supports ipsilateral motor control, complementing the traditional control mechanisms of the cerebral cortex over the contralateral motor domains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira Silva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasanbegovic, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adolfs, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasterkamp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Zeeuw, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoebeek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motor Cortex Modulates Ipsilateral Limb Movement Through a Direct Cortico-Cerebellar Circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The molecular basis of tricalbin-mediated membrane contact site organization in cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane contact sites facilitate molecular exchanges through physical interactions between organelles, connected by specific protein tethers. Among these tethers are the tricalbins, which mediate contacts between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane in yeast. Tricalbins are integral to the ER, have a cytosolic lipid binding domain and bind the plasma membrane through C2 domains. Here, we combine fluorescence recovery after photobleaching with correlative light and 3D electron microscopy to dissect how tricalbins control their localization, dynamic distribution and contact site organization. We find that heteromerization via lipid binding domains is a prerequisite for tricalbin accumulation at contact sites, membrane curvature sensing and restrained mobility in the ER. By altering tricalbin protein domains, we show that intermembrane distances and intrinsically disordered regions interdependently control distribution and dynamics of contact site tethers. Our study reveals principles of contact site architecture that are fine-tuned by tricalbin domain organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ivanovic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boinet, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukulski, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.664157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The molecular basis of tricalbin-mediated membrane contact site organization in cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.663724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High Throughput Information Extraction of Printed Specimen Labels from Large-Scale Digitization of Entomological Collections using a Semi-Automated Pipeline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.663724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LINatural history museums curate billions of insect specimens, forming a vast but underutilized resource for biodiversity research. While digitization efforts have increased the availability of high-resolution specimen images, extracting metadata from labels remains a major bottleneck, often requiring manual transcription.
C_LIO_LIWe developed a semi-automated pipeline, ELIE (Entomological Label Information Extraction), which combines computer vision, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), optical character recognition (OCR), and clustering algorithms to streamline label data extraction. Our pipeline operates in three stages: (1) label detection and classification (printed vs. handwritten), (2) OCR-based text extraction from printed labels using Tesseract or Google Vision, and (3) clustering of extracted text for human validation of outliers.
C_LIO_LIBenchmarking on diverse datasets from multiple museum collections showed that our approach successfully extracted and clustered up to 98% of printed labels, significantly reducing manual effort. The pipeline improves efficiency in digitization workflows while maintaining high accuracy in label data capture.
C_LIO_LIOur approach demonstrates the potential of integrating AI-driven methods with human validation to accelerate specimen digitization. By reducing manual transcription workload and enabling scalable extraction of insect label metadata, it unlocks biodiversity data for research in ecology, systematics, and conservation globally.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Belot, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuberosa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preuss, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svezhentseva, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claessen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bölling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuster, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.09.663724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High Throughput Information Extraction of Printed Specimen Labels from Large-Scale Digitization of Entomological Collections using a Semi-Automated Pipeline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.665153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conservation and divergence of UVR8-COP1/SPA-HY5 signaling in UV-B responses of Marchantia polymorpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.665153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) poses a major challenge to all forms of plant life. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (Marchantia) serves as a key model organism to study signaling pathways and to infer their evolution throughout the green lineage. Marchantia expresses key components of UV-B signaling, including the photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (MpUVR8), the WD40-repeat protein REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS (MpRUP), the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 / SUPPRESSOR OF phyA-105 (MpCOP1/MpSPA), and the transcriptional regulator ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (MpHY5). Here, we show that MpUVR8 exists as a homodimer in its ground-state in vivo, then monomerizes and accumulates in the nucleus upon UV-B activation. Activated MpUVR8 interacts with MpCOP1, triggering growth inhibition, genome-wide gene expression changes, biosynthesis of UV-absorbing metabolites, and photoprotection, which overall contributes to UV-B stress tolerance. MpRUP facilitates redimerization of MpUVR8 and Mprup null mutants show enhanced UV-B photomorphogenesis, demonstrating that MpRUP efficiently represses MpUVR8 signaling. Unlike the case in Arabidopsis and in contrast to the strong Mpcop1 mutant phenotype, Mpspa mutants develop only a very weak constitutive photomorphogenesis phenotype, indicating that COP1 function is much more independent of SPA in Marchantia than in Arabidopsis. Moreover, in contrast to Arabidopsis SPAs, Mpspa is linked with a hyper-responsive UV-B phenotype, suggesting that MpSPA is a negative regulator of MpUVR8 signaling. Similar to Arabidopsis HY5/HYH, MpHY5 functions antagonistically to MpCOP1, but its role in UV-B-mediated gene expression changes is more limited. Our findings demonstrate that although core components of UV-B signaling existed in the last common ancestor of extant land plants, regulatory interactions have diversified in different lineages since their divergence more than 400 million years ago.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podolec, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chappuis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Defossez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glauser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rötzer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolze, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagami, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demarsy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.16.665153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conservation and divergence of UVR8-COP1/SPA-HY5 signaling in UV-B responses of Marchantia polymorpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sub-Nanomolar Detection and Discrimination of Microcystin Congeners Using Aerolysin Nanopores 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664886v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate-driven disruptions in aquatic ecosystems are amplifying cyanotoxin production, threatening drinking and recreational water safety. Monitoring of these toxins is challenged by requirements of the low {micro}g/L detections limits and structural diversity. Here, we employ aerolysin nanopores to distinguish seven of the most prevalent microcystin congeners, both individually and in mixtures, at environmentally relevant concentrations. Importantly, we showed that aerolysin enables the detection of microcystins in different lake water samples at concentrations below the World Health Organizations intervention thresholds, reaching picomolar sensitivity. Moreover, combining experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we further investigated the microcystin sensing mechanism, suggesting that the ionic current blockage is primarily governed by K238 in aerolysin, while dwell time is regulated by R220 constriction site. Our results open the way to use the nanopore sensing technology for real-time monitoring of microcystins in drinking water sources and surface waters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agerova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bada Juarez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abriata, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcaida, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carratala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dal Peraro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.15.664886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sub-Nanomolar Detection and Discrimination of Microcystin Congeners Using Aerolysin Nanopores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-cell transcriptomic atlas maps cerebellar astrocyte diversity and uncovers the transcriptional code underlying their maturation trajectories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as key regulators of neural circuit development and function, with mounting evidence revealing substantial heterogeneity within and across brain regions. Yet, the full extent of this diversity and its developmental mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this, we leveraged the uniqueness of the mouse cerebellum, which hosts well-defined astrocyte types and established progenitor pools. Through complementary multi-modal omic approaches, including single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, trajectory inference, clonal lineage reconstruction, and gene expression and regulatory network analyses, we systematically dissected the molecular diversity and ontogenesis of cerebellar astrocytes. We identified known types and uncovered new subtypes with functional specialization, inferring their developmental trajectories from multiple embryonic niches and postnatal progenitor sources with fate divergence, convergence, and restriction. We further predicted a hierarchical transcriptional regulator code governing this diversification, operating at multiple levels: distinct regulatory modules i) reflect embryonic regionalization and lineage; ii) determine broad astroglial identity; specify iii) Bergmann versus non-Bergmann fates; and guide iv) astrocyte type and v) subtype acquisition. Our findings map and temporally organize transcriptional programs that capture key determinants of astrocyte fate, integrating them along defined trajectories toward diverse astrocyte identities. This high-resolution framework for cerebellar glial diversification offers a model to be challenged across other brain regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cerrato, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turrini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitali, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solanelles-Farre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magrinelli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bocchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Götz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer-Sternjak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buffo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.665323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-cell transcriptomic atlas maps cerebellar astrocyte diversity and uncovers the transcriptional code underlying their maturation trajectories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early lineage divergence segregates sensory and non-sensory thalamic circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The thalamus integrates sensory, motor, and associative functions via distinct nuclei, yet the developmental principles driving their specification remains unclear. Here, we generate a spatiotemporal single-cell multiomic and spatial transcriptomic atlas of the embryonic mouse thalamus, combined with barcoding-based lineage tracing. We identify two major glutamatergic lineages--sensory and motor/associative--each governed by different gene regulatory programs and temporal dynamics. These lineages arise from spatially and molecularly isolated progenitors, revealing an early segregation of functional identities. Within the sensory lineage, we resolve two discrete trajectories leading to first-order visual and somatosensory neurons, both emerging from a shared higher-order default state. Using in silico predictions and in vivo perturbations, we identify Sp9 as a key regulator of visual thalamic fate. Together, our findings define the molecular architecture and developmental trajectories that underpin thalamic modality specification, providing a framework to understand how functional circuits emerge in the mammalian brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Puche-Aroca, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andres-Bayon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torregrosa-Mira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Atalaya, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Bendito, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.665342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early lineage divergence segregates sensory and non-sensory thalamic circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direction-selective retinal ganglion cells encode motion direction uniformly, despite having discretely distributed cardinal preferences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
On-Off direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (DS RGCs) exhibit broad tuning curves, responding robustly to motion aligned with or near their preferred direction. These cells comprise four major subtypes, each tuned to motion along one of the four cardinal axes: nasal, superior, temporal, or inferior. However, natural stimuli can move in any direction, and it remains unclear whether intermediate directions are encoded less effectively, or whether this cardinal organization nevertheless supports uniform direction encoding. Here, we combined previous electrophysiological recordings with an information-theoretic measure, the Stimulus Specific Information, to estimate the directional sensitivity of small populations of recorded neurons. This analysis revealed that DS RGC populations are uniformly sensitive across all directions of motion. We then asked whether the observed homogeneous sensitivity was a consequence of DS RGCs maximizing the average stimulus information. Simulations with artificially modified tuning curve widths revealed that DS cells prioritize avoiding pronounced drops in sensitivity over maximizing the average transmitted Information. Maximizing this minimal sensitivity may therefore be a principle to understand the organization of sensory systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paris, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marre, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.23.666360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direction-selective retinal ganglion cells encode motion direction uniformly, despite having discretely distributed cardinal preferences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tubulin autoregulation tunes microtubule dynamics to support multicellular architecture and viability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers dynamically assemble into microtubules, key cytoskeletal elements involved in intracellular trafficking, cell adhesion and division. The availability of free tubulins regulates the synthesis of new subunits. In response to excessive soluble {beta}-tubulins, tetratricopeptide protein 5 (TTC5) selectively recognizes nascent tubulins at the ribosome, recruiting downstream effectors that degrade their encoding messenger RNAs, in a process known as tubulin autoregulation. Despite its well-characterized molecular framework, the biological relevance of this regulatory pathway remains unknown. Here, using human 3D cellular models, advanced optics, and genetic perturbation of tubulin biosynthesis, we reveal that loss of TTC5-dependent tubulin autoregulation elevates soluble tubulin levels, inducing microtubule hyperstability, and disrupting cytoskeletal organization. These defects impair the localization of adhesion molecules at cell-cell junctions and extracellular matrix interfaces, compromising tissue architecture and reducing overall cell viability. Our findings establish tubulin autoregulation as a critical mechanism that tunes microtubule dynamics to sustain cellular integrity and tissue homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Almeida, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacheheub, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tubulin autoregulation tunes microtubule dynamics to support multicellular architecture and viability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A sensitive orange fluorescent calcium ion indicator for imaging neural activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are vital tools for fluorescence-based visualization of neuronal activity with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, current highest-performance GECIs are predominantly green or red fluorescent, limiting multiplexing options and efficient excitation with fixed-wavelength femtosecond lasers operating at 1030 nm. Here, we introduce OCaMP (also known as O-GECO2), an orange fluorescent GECI engineered from O-GECO1 through targeted substitutions to improve calcium affinity while retaining the favorable photophysical properties of mOrange2. OCaMP exhibits improved two-photon cross-section, responsiveness, photostability, and calcium affinity relative to O-GECO1. In cultured neurons, zebrafish, and mouse cortex, OCaMP outperforms the red GECIs jRCaMP1a and jRGECO1a in sensitivity, kinetics, and signal-to-noise ratio. These properties establish OCaMP as a robust tool for high-fidelity neural imaging optimized for 1030 nm excitation and a compromise-free option within the spectral gap between existing green and red GECIs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durst, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, I.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Chambrier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marvin, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundberg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakoi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visser, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fouad, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunil, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi-Yamashiro, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, G. R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarlane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtmaat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohman, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A sensitive orange fluorescent calcium ion indicator for imaging neural activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667363v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drosophila Video-assisted Activity Monitor (DrosoVAM): a versatile method for behavior monitoring 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667363v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drosophila melanogaster has been a pioneering model system for investigations into the genetic bases of behavior. Studies of circadian activity were some of the first behaviors investigated in flies. The DAM system by TriKinetics played a key role in establishing the fundamental feedback loop of the circadian clock. Although this method has many time proven to be extremely useful, it suffers from its simplification of activity to the interruption of an infrared beam. It is blind to fly movements not disrupting the beam and any modifications to this assay to achieve better resolution often requires the purchase of new and expensive modules. We required a relatively high-throughput system to explore the potential post-mating activity changes of larger Drosophila species. Rather than investing in a larger and more-complex DAM system, we designed a new monitoring system that is more versatile, economic and sensitive than DAM. This new system, called DrosoVAM (Drosophila Video-assisted Activity Monitoring), is simple to implement and cost efficient, using a Raspberry Pi-controlled infrared, digital video system to record multiple chambers and Python scripts that drives the deep learning software DeepLabCut, to track fly activity over multiple days.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Revel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagoshi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeda, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.29.667363</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drosophila Video-assisted Activity Monitor (DrosoVAM): a versatile method for behavior monitoring]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Native Ion Mobility-MS Reveals the Bead Ejection Mechanism in Multi-Domain Nucleic Acids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how biomolecules acquire their charge and retain their solution conformation during electrospray ionization (ESI) is crucial for native mass spectrometry (native MS) interpretation. Here, we examine the charging and gas phase conformation of nucleic acid constructs comprising folded G-quadruplex "beads" linked by unstructured polythymine regions. Under physiological ionic strength, these oligonucleotides exhibit a multimodal charge-state and collision cross section distribution, revealing multiple conformational ensembles, in contrast to the unimodal profiles typically observed for shorter oligonucleotides. Native MS observations for intermediate charge states are compatible with ion production via the recently proposed bead ejection scenario, in addition to the charge residue scenario for low charge states and chain ejection for the highest charge states or for sequences with thymine overhangs on both ends. The preservation of the local structures in ions charged above the Rayleigh limit helps to infer the presence of folded subunits. The position of the G-quadruplex subunit and ionic strength governs the charging and retention of G-quadruplex folded regions. Our findings broaden the existing conceptual framework underpinning nucleic acid ionization.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabelica, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.29.667413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Native Ion Mobility-MS Reveals the Bead Ejection Mechanism in Multi-Domain Nucleic Acids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regional BOLD variability reflects microstructural maturation and neuronal ensheathment in the preterm infant cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BOLD variability reflects meaningful brain activity, yet its structural and biological correlates during early development remain unknown.

We aimed to investigate how BOLD variability evolves in very preterm (VPT) infants, its relationship with cortical microstructure and gene expression, and how it differs from full-term (FT) newborns at term-equivalent age (TEA).

Using resting-state fMRI and multi-shell diffusion imaging, acquired in 54 VPT (longitudinally at 33-weeks GA and at TEA) and 24 FT newborns, we evaluated regional differences in cortical BOLD variability and microstructural maturation, and compared to patterns of gene expression in the fetal cortex, using the BrainSpan dataset.

BOLD variability increased in primary sensory-sensorimotor and proto-DMN regions, accompanied by decreased cortical diffusivity. Gene expression analysis revealed concurrent upregulation of genes mediating gliogenesis and neuronal ensheathment. Compared to FT newborns, VPT at TEA showed decreased BOLD variability and increased cortical diffusivity.

BOLD variability reflects cortical microstructure, mediated by upregulation of gliogenesis and neuronal ensheathment. Interruption of these processes by preterm birth identifies putative mechanisms of preterm brain injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sa de Almeida, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehringer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loukas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischi-Gomez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Der Veek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lordier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courvoisier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazeyras, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huppi, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.30.667792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regional BOLD variability reflects microstructural maturation and neuronal ensheathment in the preterm infant cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of the Post-Mating Responses of Drosophila hydei, a species that lacks Sex-Peptide. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Female post-mating responses (PMRs) in Drosophila melanogaster rely on proteins made by the male that are transferred to the female upon mating to modify her behavior and physiology. Many of the most characterized responses are initiated by a single protein produced by the male accessory gland called the Sex Peptide (SP). Yet many Drosophila species, even those living in similar environments, do not have SP. As PMRs are thought to be mechanisms used to maximize reproductive success, we wondered if PMRs are similar in species living in the same environment and how PMRs might be achieved in species that lack SP. Here, we investigate the post-mating responses of D. hydei. D. hydei is a Drosophilid that lacks SP, but is often found cohabitating with D. melanogaster. We show that the PMR in D. hydei is markedly different from that found in D. melanogaster; D. hydei do not increase egg production, nor do they limit remating to additional males or change their diet after mating. Instead, hydei seem to display only subtle PMRs related to activity patterns, in a way distinct from those characterized in D. melanogaster. These changes seem to have impacted things like lifespan and sperm selection, and demonstrate the wide variety of choices that species can make and be successful in a given environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Revel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildirim, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabbro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagoshi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeda, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.667665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of the Post-Mating Responses of Drosophila hydei, a species that lacks Sex-Peptide.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CDK4 Restricts Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Migration via Phosphorylation-Driven Activation of Myo9b RhoGAP Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668850v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) is a key regulator of cell cycle progression, driving the G0/G1-to-S phase transition through phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1). Clinically, CDK4/6 inhibitors are under investigation in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), a subtype characterized by invasiveness, aggressiveness and poor prognosis. While CDK4 is primarily targeted for its role in proliferation, emerging evidence suggests it may also regulate other cellular processes. In particular, the mechanisms by which CDK4 could influence cancer cell migration, remain largely unexplored, particularly in highly heterogenous cell line like MDA-MB-231. This study investigates whether CDK4 contributes to the regulation of TNBC cells migration and identifies the pathways involved in MDA-MB-231 cells, independently of its role in proliferation. We demonstrate that loss or inhibition of CDK4, using respectively CRISPR/Cas9 mediated CDK4 knockout and pharmacological CDK4/6 inhibitor, leads to enhanced migration capacities and reorganization of actin subcellular networks. Mechanistically, the absence of CDK4 results in decreased phosphorylation of Myo9b at serine 1935 (S1935), which enhances RhoA signaling, a key driver of cytoskeletal dynamics, leading to polarity defects and increased cell migration. These findings reveal a non-canonical function of CDK4 in limiting TNBC cell migration through the CDK4/CyclinD-Myo9b-RhoA signaling axis. This work highlights the broader cellular roles of CDK4 beyond its established function in proliferation and suggest that inhibition of Myo9b-RhoA pathway could reduce metastatic behaviour in TNBC treated with CDK4/6i, thereby informing future co-therapeutic strategies against aggressive cancer subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parashar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simo Riudalbas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prieto Banos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dessimoz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fantner, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziegler, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.06.668850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CDK4 Restricts Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Migration via Phosphorylation-Driven Activation of Myo9b RhoGAP Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mechanistic framework for the recognition of chemically diverse brassinosteroids by BRI1-family receptor kinases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are chemically diverse plant steroid hormones produced via a branched biosynthetic pathway. The potent BR brassinolide is sensed by the membrane receptor kinase BRIl and a SERK co-receptor, but the physiological functions of other abundant BRs remain to be characterized. Here, we present quantitative binding kinetics for four Arabidopsis thaliana BR receptors and fifteen BRs, which define the key chemical features required for high affinity receptor binding, ligand positioning, and co-receptor recognition. BRIl, BRLl, and BRL3 share overlapping ligand preferences, whereas BRL2 preferentially binds C28 BRs with moderate affinity. Structural analyses of BR-bound BRIl and BRL3 ectodomains, combined with extensive in vitro and in vivo mutagenesis studies reveal a high structural plasticity of the hormone binding pocket. Functional assays using structure-based BR agonists and antagonists uncover that BR receptor - co-receptor signaling complexes can recognize chemically diverse BRs, introducing an additional, intriguing layer of BR signaling regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caregnato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvasnica, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oklestkova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strnad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.08.669299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mechanistic framework for the recognition of chemically diverse brassinosteroids by BRI1-family receptor kinases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-salt diet modulates endocrine regulation between cortisol and FGF23 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Excessive dietary salt intake is a global health concern, affecting cardiovascular, renal, and bone health. While the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a known regulator of dietary salt-induced hormonal responses, the impact of adrenal cortisol remains unclear. Here, we performed a retrospective analysis in individuals (n=292) consuming a random diet. Dietary salt intake positively correlated with urinary cortisol and inversely correlated with plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a bone-derived hormone regulating phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. Controlled salt diets in healthy individuals confirmed a dose-dependent increase in urinary cortisol and suppression of plasma FGF23. In mice, oral corticosterone, a cortisol analogue, reduced circulating FGF23 levels. RNA-seq analysis of corticosterone-treated MC3T3 osteoblasts identified suppression of FGF23 via glucocorticoid receptor activation, anti-inflammatory pathways, and reduced osteoblast activity. Our findings reveal a novel endocrine cascade where high salt intake elevates cortisol and suppresses FGF23, with potential implications for bone, kidney, and cardiovascular health.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExcessive dietary salt intake is a global health concern with poorly understood hormonal consequences beyond the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Here, we identify a novel endocrine cascade in which high salt intake elevates cortisol signaling and suppresses fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a bone-derived hormone central to phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. These findings are supported by a human cohort on random diets, a controlled dietary salt intervention, and corticosterone experiments in mice and osteoblasts. Mechanistically, cortisol suppresses FGF23 via glucocorticoid receptor activation, anti-inflammatory signaling, and repression of osteoblast activity. These findings have potential implications for bone, kidney, and cardiovascular health, and suggest that dietary salt intake may influence the clinical interpretation of cortisol and FGF23 measurements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopper, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pechere-Bertschi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagmeister, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feraille, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuster, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loffing, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathare, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.670453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-salt diet modulates endocrine regulation between cortisol and FGF23]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.670035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptation of Enterococcus faecalis to intestinal mucus revealed by a human colonic organoid model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.670035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse population of microorganisms that have a significant impact on host health. Among this population, Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) represents a common member of intestinal microbiota colonizing humans early in life, but which can also opportunistically infect its host. Despite its importance in human health, investigations of its physiological adaptation to the mucosal environment remain limited. Building on recent advances in tissue engineering, we here leverage human colonic organoids (colonoids) to investigate the Efs mechanisms of mucosal surface colonization across space and time. Using high-resolution microscopy, we visualized Ef growth within the natively formed colonic mucus layer in colonoids. Leveraging a custom perfusion chamber, we tracked Ef growth within the mucus of live colonoids over time under flow, which revealed specific colonization strategies, including biofilm-like microcolony formation. To identify Ef fitness determinants in this niche, we implemented transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-seq) in the natively formed mucus of live colonoids. This approach revealed a large fitness rearrangement compared to typical liquid culture, mainly involving metabolic activity and regulatory response during mucosal colonization, as well as factors that may contribute to colony formation at the mucosal surface. Altogether, our results show important physiological and biophysical adaptation of Ef to the mucosal surface that are not captured by in vitro conditions and that cannot be revealed in vivo at high resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mikhaleva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurmashev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colomer-Winter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boos, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choo, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willett, J. L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hierlemann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Persat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.20.670035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptation of Enterococcus faecalis to intestinal mucus revealed by a human colonic organoid model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal Interference Stimulation Enhances Neural Regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural regeneration therapies aim to treat neurodegeneration by promoting the proliferation and maturation of exogenous or endogenous neural progenitor cells (NPCs). However, their efficacy has been limited. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) via implanted electrodes has been shown to promote neurogenesis. However, its invasiveness precludes deployment in research and widespread clinical use. Temporal interference (TI) has emerged as a strategy for non-invasive, high-precision DBS using multiple kHz-range electric fields, with a frequency difference within the range of neural activity. Here, we validate the potential of TI stimulation for neural regeneration augmentation. We demonstrate that TI stimulation with a theta-band frequency difference enhances the maturation of embryonic neural progenitor cells in vitro. We then demonstrate that theta-band TI stimulation targeting the hippocampus enhances endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis in an in vivo mouse model of Alzheimers disease. By uncovering frequency-specific control of stem cell fate, we propose a clinically relevant regeneration strategy which avoids pharmacological or genetic manipulation. Our results demonstrate focal, non-invasive augmentation of deep-brain neural regeneration.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peressotti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Garrido, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzialecka, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, R. M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portillo Lara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geary, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faillace, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojewska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otero-Jimenez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alegre-Abarrategui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.18.670811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal Interference Stimulation Enhances Neural Regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.671152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Response to Ebola Virus Vaccine-Induced Immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.671152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression, yet their role in shaping human responses to vaccination remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data from three independent human cohorts vaccinated with the rVSV{Delta}G-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine to profile lncRNA expression dynamics. Using differential expression analysis and correlation meta-analysis across cohorts, we identified an expression signature with several lncRNAs, including LEF1-AS1 and DOCK8-AS1, that exhibit conserved transcriptional activation following vaccination. Correlation of lncRNA expression with gene targets and IgG titers revealed putative roles for lncRNAs in regulating and/or participate in both innate immune responses and adaptive antibody production. Functional enrichment of lncRNA co-expressed protein-coding genes highlighted involvement in T-cell differentiation, interferon signaling, and leukocyte activation. Integrating global run-on sequencing data and comparative transcriptomic analysis across other vaccine studies suggests that LEF1-AS1 modulation is distinctively associated with Ebola vaccination. Our findings demonstrate that lncRNAs are potential integral components of the human vaccine response and provide a foundation for future mechanistic studies targeting noncoding RNA regulation of immunity

SignificanceEbola virus remains a significant global health threat due to its high mortality rate and potential for widespread outbreaks, underscoring the urgent need for effective and durable vaccines to control future epidemics. Understanding the transcriptional mechanisms underlying immune responses to vaccination is important to improving vaccine design and efficacy. While protein-coding genes have been extensively studied, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in vaccine-induced immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we characterize the dynamics of lncRNA expression following administration of the rVSV{Delta}G-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine across multiple human cohorts and identify conserved lncRNA signatures associated with both innate and adaptive immunity.

Graphical abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mamede, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luscher-Dias, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moscardini, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marinho, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirata, T. D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VSV-EBOPLUS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medaglini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harandi, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegrist, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottenhoff, T. H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, A. N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polidoro, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakaya, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.19.671152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long Non-Coding RNAs in Response to Ebola Virus Vaccine-Induced Immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HAK-actin, U-ExM-compatible probe to image the actin cytoskeleton 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables super-resolution imaging by physically enlarging biological samples. While ExM has been successfully applied to study the intracellular microtubule cytoskeleton, reliable probes for visualizing actin fibers remain limited. Here, we present HAK-actin, an engineered actin probe compatible with post-labeling Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy (U-ExM). We show that HAK-actin delivers robust and uniform actin staining across diverse systems, including human cells, microbial eukaryotes, and mouse retinal tissue. This tool provides a simple, versatile, and reproducible solution for actin cytoskeleton visualization, addressing a critical need in cell biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mercey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemaitre, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mean, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadoul, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HAMEL, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.672318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HAK-actin, U-ExM-compatible probe to image the actin cytoskeleton]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Balanced contractility and adhesion drive polarization in a minimal elastic actomyosin network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polarization of migrating cells involves chemical and mechanical interactions of signaling networks, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, and substrate adhesions. Still, it is not fully understood which mechanisms and components are sufficient for symmetry breaking, and if they work independently or together. Here, we use a discrete active network model to investigate if and how an elastic cytoskeletal network is capable of breaking symmetry solely through mechanical interactions. Our minimal model consists of elastic bonds, attractive force dipoles, and force-sensitive anchor points, initially distributed uniformly and subject to simple turnover rules. We find that these features are sufficient to produce different cell behaviors, and, remarkably, to drive symmetry breaking and directed (polarized) motion. Network behavior was primarily determined by the turnover rate of anchor points, which, itself, is a function of the ratio between dipole force and the threshold force required for anchor removal. Directional motion emerged at intermediate turnover rates, at which tension in the network accumulated through several turnover cycles before eventually exceeding the adhesion removal threshold locally at the edge, mirroring our recent experimental findings on correlation of the traction force with protrusion-retraction transitions in the cell [1, 2]. At high turnover rates, forces were unable to build up to sufficiently high levels, while at low turnover rates, anchors hinder motion. These results demonstrate how directed motion can emerge as an intrinsic property of a simple mechanical network, independently of external cues or complex signaling networks. Given the concordance between this model and recent experimental findings, we suggest that polarization by contraction-adhesion dynamics could be a fundamental emergent behavior of actin-myosin networks.

Author summaryCells often need to move, for example, during development, wound healing, or immune responses. To do so, they must first decide where their "front" and "back" are, a process known as polarization. Most explanations for this behavior focus on complex chemical signaling inside the cell. In our work, we asked a simpler question: could mechanical forces within a cell be sufficient to make it polarize and move without an external cue? To explore this idea, we developed a computational model of a simplified cell made only of elastic connections, contractile forces, and attachment points to its surroundings. We started with a completely uniform system, without any built-in direction or external guidance. Surprisingly, we found that this minimal mechanical setup could spontaneously develop a front and a back and begin moving persistently. We proposed that the key mechanical factor controlling this behavior was the rate at which the attachment points break under mechanical load. When this process occurred at an intermediate rate, forces built up unevenly, leading to detachment and forward motion, similar to what is observed in-vitro. Our findings suggest that cell polarization and movement can emerge spontaneously from mechanical properties alone, highlighting an important and overlooked role for mechanics in cell behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Messi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raynaud, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goehring, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verkhovsky, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.672435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Balanced contractility and adhesion drive polarization in a minimal elastic actomyosin network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian control of dopaminergic signaling to the mushroom body regulates sleep through rhythmic Pka-C1 transcription in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the progress in understanding the circadian pacemaker, the specific mechanism by which it regulates sleep remains incompletely understood. We have previously demonstrated that a substantial number of genes are rhythmically expressed in the mushroom body (MB) Kenyon cells (KCs), including Pka-C1, which encodes the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA-C1 plays a crucial role in promoting daytime wakefulness; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that the {gamma}-lobe is the primary site of rhythmic Pka-C1 expression using a newly developed in vivo luciferase reporter. Through a combination of in silico analysis, CRISPR mutagenesis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identify the transcription factor Onecut as a regulator of Pka-C1 transcriptional rhythms in {gamma}-KCs. Furthermore, genetic trans-synaptic connectivity mapping and neuronal activity imaging reveal that the dorsal Lateral clock Neurons (LNds) provide inhibitory input to a subset of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) cluster, PAM-{gamma}5, rhythmically modulating their activity. This, in turn, rhythmically activates MB {gamma}-KCs via excitatory Dop1R signaling. Resulting {gamma}-neuron activity rhythms drive Pka-C1 transcriptional rhythms through Onecut. Furthermore, these PKA-C1 rhythms reinforce neuronal activity rhythms, creating a feedback cycle between transcriptional and neural activity rhythms that promote daytime wakefulness. Our findings highlight the conserved role of DA in promoting wakefulness and offer mechanistic insights into its complex regulation. More generally, this work provides a mechanistic framework for how circadian rhythms are translated into neural activity to orchestrate complex behaviors like sleep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lago Solis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagoshi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.673050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian control of dopaminergic signaling to the mushroom body regulates sleep through rhythmic Pka-C1 transcription in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and dynamic basis of indirect apoptosis inhibition by Bcl-xL: a case study with Bid 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsic apoptosis is a form of cell death which is activated, executed and inhibited by the Bcl-2 protein family. The structural basis of the inhibition mechanisms remains elusive. Here, we characterize the ensemble structural model of the inhibitory Bcl-xL/tBid complex at the mitochondrial membrane by probing inter-residue distances and dynamic solvent accessibilities complemented by integrative modelling and molecular dynamics simulations. We show that Bcl-xL and tBid form a heterodimer anchored to the membrane by the C-terminal helix of Bcl-xL. The BH3 domain of tBid is wedged between the exposed hydrophobic groove of Bcl-xL and the membrane headgroups, while tBid's C-terminal helices remain dynamically engaged with the bilayer. This dynamic architecture sheds light on the mechanism of indirect inhibition of apoptosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elsner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordignon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.31.673340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and dynamic basis of indirect apoptosis inhibition by Bcl-xL: a case study with Bid]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.674037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lysosome-Dependent Sphingolipid Regulation as a potential therapeutic Target for Cohen Syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.674037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohen Syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations in the VPS13B gene, affecting approximately 50,000 individuals worldwide. Clinical features include postnatal microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, neutropenia, and retinal dystrophy. VPS13B belongs to the bridge-like lipid transfer protein (BLTP) family, which also includes VPS13A, VPS13C, and VPS13D in mammals. Although its precise function remains unclear, VPS13B localizes to the Golgi complex, and its loss leads to Golgi fragmentation, a consistent cellular phenotype observed in VPS13B-deficient models. We used the rescue of this cell-autonomous phenotype as the basis for a microscopy-based high-throughput screening assay, through which we identified several small molecules capable of restoring Golgi morphology. Most of these compounds shared a common mechanism of action, relying on lipid accumulation in acidic organelles due to their cationic amphiphilic properties (CADs). Lipidomic profiling revealed a reduction in C18-N-acyl sphingolipids as a characteristic feature of VPS13B knockout (KO) cells, a defect that was reversed by the majority of the identified compounds. To evaluate the physiological relevance of these findings, we tested two compounds, azelastine and raloxifene, in cortical organoids (COs) derived from VPS13B KO human pluripotent stem cells. These organoids exhibited smaller size and reduced neurite outgrowth, reminiscent of the secondary microcephaly observed in CS patients. Treatment with either compound significantly recovered the neurite outgrowth phenotype, reinforcing physiological relevance of the compound effect. Taken together, our findings highlight a potential effect of the CAD on lysosome-dependent sphingolipid regulation, allowing the recovery of Golgi integrity and partial rescue in the cortical organoid CS model. Although additional studies are required to delineate the exact molecular targets, this work uncovers a potential mechanism that could be leveraged for the treatment of CS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vacca, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barakullah, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da Costa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vossio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riezman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.04.674037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lysosome-Dependent Sphingolipid Regulation as a potential therapeutic Target for Cohen Syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.05.674402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Modular Chromosomal Passenger Complex Rewires Chromosome Segregation in Plasmodium berghei 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.05.674402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Faithful chromosome segregation relies on precise kinetochore-microtubule interactions and checkpoint surveillance, yet the molecular basis of these processes varies widely across eukaryotes and is only beginning to be defined in apicomplexan parasites. In the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, chromosome segregation is especially critical during transmission from host to mosquito: rapid mitoses generate male gametes, and subsequent meiosis in the zygote seeds the next generation of infection. Here, we identify Aurora-related kinase 1 (ARK1) as a central regulator of chromosome segregation in both mitotic and meiotic contexts. ARK1 localises to spindle poles, spindles, and kinetochores, and its depletion results in short and multipolar spindles, kinetochore misalignment, and failed chromosome partitioning. ARK1 forms a minimal Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) with INCENP1 during male gametogenesis, but a more elaborate CPC with INCENP2, kinetochores, centromeric histones, and spindle assembly checkpoint proteins during meiosis. This stage-specific modularity allows Plasmodium to prioritise male gamete formation whilst safeguarding faithful chromosome inheritance during zygote development, ensuring parasite transmission to the mosquito. Our findings demonstrate that conserved CPC principles are rewired in Plasmodium, highlighting both the plasticity of eukaryotic checkpoint control and a potential vulnerability for blocking malaria transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roques, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusini, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.05.674402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Modular Chromosomal Passenger Complex Rewires Chromosome Segregation in Plasmodium berghei]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.673981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy Triggers Cognitive Deficits and Anxiety-Like Behaviors Through Tumor-Initiated Neuroinflammatory Niches in Male Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.673981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Checkpoint inhibitors are promising immunotherapy to treat cancer patients, but their cognitive impact has not been evaluated despite several neurological adverse events. We studied the impact of immune desert or inflamed cancers when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 on mouse behaviors and brain immune cells infiltration/homeostasis, and neuroinflammation in male mice. We showed that systemic inflammation, brain-barriers permeability accompanying meningeal infiltration of peripheral macrophages and neuroinflammation as well as deficits in cognition or emotional reactivity, depending on immuno-inflammatory or immune-desert cancer type. Combined with cancers, anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 treatments exacerbated the decline in executive functions and hippocampal vascular inflammation. PD-L1 specifically relayed the infiltration of the T{gamma}{delta} lymphocytes subpopulation in choroid plexus and leptomeninges implicated, whose systemic neutralization counteracted anti-PDL1-induced cognitive deficits and anxiety in mice bearing immune-inflamed cancer. Our findings highlight new systemic biomarkers of cold or hot cancer, treated with anti-PD-1/anti-PDL-1, and associated with cognitive and emotional alterations in mice; guiding ways of intervention to secure the cancer curation and improve patients quality of life under ICI treatment.

Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.

One Sentence SummaryImpact of cancer and checkpoint inhibitors on cognitive functions
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nicola, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desrues, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neveu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dembele, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecras, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaudry, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adriouch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joly, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilber, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wurtz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.673981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy Triggers Cognitive Deficits and Anxiety-Like Behaviors Through Tumor-Initiated Neuroinflammatory Niches in Male Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of quiescent epimastigotes as a resource for investigating Trypanosoma cruzi persistence. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Despite triggering a strong immune response, infections are typically life-long and can result in severe cardiac and/or digestive tract pathology. Current drugs have limited efficacy, and treatment failure is a common outcome. Eliminating a non-replicating T. cruzi sub-population that can persist after therapy has been a key challenge for the drug-development community. Here, we describe the transcriptome and proteome profiles of quiescent epimastigote forms of the parasite isolated from exponentially growing cultures on the basis of reduced turnover of transiently-induced red fluorescent protein. This quiescent sub-population was characterised by down-regulation of genes/proteins involved in translation, metabolism, mitochondrial function and DNA replication, and by up-regulation of proteins that promote exit from the cell-cycle in other organisms. These data represent a resource that can be exploited to dissect the mechanistic basis of quiescence and to refine the drug-development screening cascade.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olmo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesketh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hage, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monneuse, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DaSilva, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bequet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escudie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saliou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatelain, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abi Ghanem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of quiescent epimastigotes as a resource for investigating Trypanosoma cruzi persistence.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microtubule lattice conformation and integrity regulate α-tubulin acetylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubule acetylation of lysine 40 of -tubulin is a hallmark of stable microtubules. This luminal modification is catalyzed by -tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (TAT1) and reversed by histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). However, acetylation regulation within the microtubule lumen and the influence of lattice architecture on enzymatic activity remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstitute microtubule acetylation in vitro using purified TAT1 and HDAC6 on microtubules assembled with defined lattice conformations. We show that TAT1 overwrites HDAC6 enzymatic activity, but its acetylation efficiency decreases upon microtubule damage. Importantly, TAT1 efficiently acetylates microtubules in expanded lattices and twisted tubulin states, while compacted lattices impede its activity. Our findings reveal that both microtubule integrity and lattice conformation are critical regulators for TAT1 enzymatic activity, suggesting that dynamic lattice transitions modulate the acetylation pattern of microtubules in cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egoldt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velluz, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microtubule lattice conformation and integrity regulate α-tubulin acetylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered Use of Prior Expectations and Modified Neural Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In dynamic environments, updating beliefs based on past experiences (priors) is essential for optimal decision-making. Prior utilization is often impaired in psychiatric disorders, affecting perception and behavior. We investigate how Neurexin1 (Nrxn1 ) loss-of-function disrupts this process, providing insight into circuit deficits underlying sensorimotor dysfunction. While the synaptic role of Nrxn1 role is well studied, its impact on network dynamics and decision-making behavior remain unclear. Using widefield calcium imaging, we assess cortex-wide activity in mice performing a two-choice task to probe how priors influence visually-guided decisions. This task requires the mouse to combine sensory evidence with the prior probability over the stimulus side. We find Nrxn1 KO mice underutilized priors and were slower to update choices based on feedback. During decision-making, cortex-wide cortical activity is both elevated and increasingly correlated in Nrxn1 KO mice, independent of task period. Moreover, a larger fraction of cortical variance was explained by movement variables, consistent with stronger coupling of cortical activity to motor signals and a bias toward movement-related dynamics. These findings suggest that core computations underlying decision-making, such as integrating past experience with current evidence, depend on intact synaptic mechanisms shaped by genes like Nrxn1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davatolhagh, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couto, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oesch, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Findling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laboratory, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered Use of Prior Expectations and Modified Neural Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GPT-4 accurately predicts human emotions and their neural correlates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677029v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emotions are evoked by both internal and external events related to survival challenges. Recent advances in multimodal large language models ((M)LLMs), such as GPT-4, enable them to accurately analyze and describe complex visual scenes, raising the question whether LLMs can also predict human emotional experiences evoked by similar scenes. Here we asked GPT-4 and humans (N = 519) to provide self-reports of 48 unipolar emotions and aFective dimensions for emotionally evocative videos and images. We evaluated GPT-4s emotion ratings using three natural socio-emotional stimulus datasets: two video datasets (234 and 120 videos) and one image dataset (300 images). We found that GPT-4 can predict emotions of human observers with high accuracy. The multivariate emotion structure (correlation matrices of emotions ratings) converged between GPT-4 and humans and across datasets indicating that GPT-4 ratings for diFerent emotions follow similar structural representations as the human evaluations. Finally, we modeled the brains hemodynamic responses for emotions elicited by videos or images in two fMRI datasets (N = 97) with GPT-4 or human-based emotional evaluations to highlight the usefulness of GPT-4 in neuroscientific research. The results showed that the brains emotion circuits can be mapped with high accuracy using GPT-4 emotion ratings as the stimulation model. In conclusion, GPT-4 can predict human emotion ratings to the extent that GPT-4 ratings can also model the associated neural responses. Our results indicate that LLMs provide novel and scalable tools that have broad potential in emotion research, cognitive and aFective neuroscience, and that it can also have practical applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santavirta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suominen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nummenmaa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.677029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GPT-4 accurately predicts human emotions and their neural correlates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensitivity of the human temporal voice areas to nonhuman primate vocalizations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In recent years, research on voice processing in the human brain--particularly the study of temporal voice areas (TVA)--was dedicated almost exclusively to conspecific vocalizations. To characterize commonalities and differences regarding primate vocalization representations in the human brain, the inclusion of closely related nonhuman primates--namely chimpanzees and bonobos--is needed. We hypothesized that neural commonalities would depend on both phylogenetic and acoustic proximities, with chimpanzees ranking closest to Homo. Presenting human participants (N=23) with the vocalizations of four primate species (rhesus macaques, chimpanzees, bonobos and humans) and regressing-out relevant acoustic parameters using three distinct analyses, we observed within-TVA, sample-specific, bilateral anterior superior temporal gyrus activity for chimpanzee vocalizations compared to: all other species; nonhuman primates; human vocalizations. Within-TVA activity was also observed for macaque vocalizations. Our results provide evidence for subregions of the TVA that respond principally--but not exclusively--to phylogenetically and acoustically close nonhuman primate vocalizations, namely those of chimpanzees.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debracque, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.19.677258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensitivity of the human temporal voice areas to nonhuman primate vocalizations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.676881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary history and recurrent host adaptation in ancient Salmonella enterica 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.676881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is an extremely diverse bacterial pathogen causing frequent infections and foodborne disease among human populations. More than 1500 different bacterial strains (serovars) have been described, many with a wide host range. A small number of serovars are adapted to infect specific hosts: of these, serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B, and C cause primate-specific systemic infections (typhoid and paratyphoid fever). Although Paratyphi C is one of the rarest human-specific serovars today, it was once widespread, and all ancient Salmonella genomes published to date belong to or are ancestral to this lineage. Here, we present 53 new ancient Salmonella genomes spanning Eurasia and dating between 3500 BCE and 1300 CE. This rich genomic dataset allows us to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this pathogen in unprecedented detail. We identify multiple extinct prehistoric lineages that caused infections throughout Eurasia. Multiple lineage replacement events are observed throughout prehistoric and historic times, and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis is used to date and identify host adaptation events within this lineage. We find that host-adapted sublineages Paratyphi C, Choleraesuis, and Typhisuis continued to evolve host specificity independently from each other. We reconstruct signals of convergent host adaptation in the studied lineages and other host-adapted strains by analysing shared pseudogenes and recurrent gene gain and loss events. This analysis demonstrates a role for host interactions as a particular target of selection, highlighting the gradual adaptation of this S. enterica lineage to humans that coincides with the intensification of animal husbandry in pastoralist and sedentary farming societies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jackson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, G. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayr, A.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrades Valtuena, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiss, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musralina, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alt, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beisenov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bejko, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berezina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bitadze, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bretos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruyako, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugarski, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzhilova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charami, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desideri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Zorita Bonilla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djansugurova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosselet-Christ, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doumani Dupuy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellingvag, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furmanek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furtwängler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimeno Martinez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas-Gebhard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hałuszko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harbeck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heilmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanisevic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karapetian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.676881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary history and recurrent host adaptation in ancient Salmonella enterica]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strontium treatment potentiates bone anabolic action of intermittent PTH in ovariectomized rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To optimize osteoporosis therapy with the parathyroid hormone fragment teriparatide (PTH1-34), we sought to determine whether strontium (Sr) could potentiate the bone anabolic action of intermittent PTH1-34 in ovariectomized rats. Female rats were either Sham-operated or ovariectomized (Ovx) at 6 months of age. Eight weeks after surgery, Ovx rats received either vehicle solutions, 625 mg/kg/day Sr (5 days per week), 8 {micro}g/kg/day PTH1-34 (5 days per week), or the combined treatments for 8 weeks. PTH1-34 reversed Ovx-induced deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture, apparent volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and strength, whereas Sr alone increased tissue-level vBMD without significantly affecting trabecular bone mass. Co-treatment with Sr and PTH1-34 further increased trabecular thickness, apparent and tissue-level vBMD, bone material properties (force and working energy), and trabecular bone strength compared with PTH1-34 alone. In cortical bone, PTH1-34 increased bone volume, cortical thickness, and apparent vBMD, while co-treatment further enhanced cortical thickness and apparent vBMD, maintained the Sr-induced increase in tissue-level vBMD, and significantly improved bone strength. In primary osteoblast cultures, Sr and PTH1-34, administered either alone or in combination, increased Rankl and decreased Opg expression, consistent with the elevated urinary levels of the bone resorption marker deoxypyridinoline in vivo. Sr or PTH1-34 alone stimulated Igf1 and Alpl expression, whereas co-stimulation further enhanced these osteogenic markers. In conclusion, combining Sr with PTH1-34 integrates the osteoanabolic effects of PTH1-34 on bone mass with the mineral-level effects of Sr on bone material properties, leading to synergistic stimulation of bone formation and superior improvements in bone quality and strength.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thouverey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badoud, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ammann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.677152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strontium treatment potentiates bone anabolic action of intermittent PTH in ovariectomized rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677027v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Zebrafish Luminescent Biosensor for Kidney Tubulopathy, Metal Toxicity, and Drug Screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677027v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An efficient endo-lysosomal pathway is crucial to mediate the reabsorption and processing of ultrafiltered solutes including low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins by the epithelial cells lining the proximal tubule (PT) of the kidney. The zebrafish pronephros is increasingly used as a model system for congenital or acquired disorders that impair the endocytic uptake in PT cells, that cause an inappropriate loss of solutes and LMW proteins in the urine. Here, we describe a new reporter zebrafish line, termed[1/2] vdbp-NanoLuc, in which the vitamin D-binding protein is coupled to NanoLuc luciferase, for rapid, large-scale detection of PT dysfunction and LMW proteinuria. We demonstrate the reliability and value of the[1/2] vdbp-NanoLuc biosensor in fish models of monogenic endolysosomal diseases, gentamicin and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, and metal contamination. This novel system provides mechanistic insights into the cadmium- and copper-induced PT dysfunction and, when combined with a swimming test, a platform for drug screening to alleviate cisplatin toxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldade, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worms, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luciani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuhauss, S. C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slaveykova, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devuyst, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.19.677027</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Zebrafish Luminescent Biosensor for Kidney Tubulopathy, Metal Toxicity, and Drug Screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.676872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The zebrafish model tackles anti-P2Y12 variability in humans: a translational approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.676872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antiplatelet drugs are a pillar in the treatment strategy to prevent ischemic events in cardiovascular patients. However, the action of existing therapies is nonuniform and the causative mechanism for this variability remains poorly understood. The differences between the microRNA profiles of individuals have been suggested to impact platelet reactivity and treatment outcomes. microRNA-150 (miR-150) has been previously associated, in several clinical reports with platelet function variability and cardiovascular events. Therefore, we initiated our analysis by examining the mechanistic role of miR-150 in platelet function. We employed transgenic zebrafish larvae designed to specifically increase miR-150 expression in thrombocytes. Laser-induced caudal vein injury in these animals resulted in a smaller thrombus and decreased thrombocyte accumulation. RNA sequencing of miR-150-overexpressing thrombocytes identified a downregulated transcript encoding microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase-like (mastl), a key regulator of P2Y12 receptor downstream signaling. Overnight treatment of the transgenic fish with clopidogrel, a P2Y12 inhibitor, showed decreased thrombus formation in the control, but not in miR-150-overexpressing animals. This phenotype was reversed by overexpressing mastl. Next, we utilized a VASP phosphorylation assay to show that MASTL-deficiency partially protects human platelets from P2Y12 inhibition. Finally, using miRNA:mRNA interaction predictors we identified MASTL-targeting miRNAs in humans - miR-17-5p and miR-106a-5p - which were significantly upregulated in a population of clopidogrel-resistant patients. Our studies therefore support a model where an increase in miR-150 in zebrafish and miR-17-5p or miR-106a-5p in humans results in MASTL downregulation, which decreases VASP phosphorylation in platelets and thus makes them resistant to P2Y12 inhibition.

Key pointsO_LImicroRNA-150 downregulates mastl expression in zebrafish larvae, leading to decreased thrombocyte adhesion upon vascular endothelial injury and resistance to P2Y12 inhibition.
C_LIO_LIIn humans, downregulation of MASTL results in a decreased response to P2Y12 antagonists.
C_LIO_LIMASTL targeting microRNAs are upregulated in cardiovascular patients with poor on-treatment response to clopidogrel.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ciepla, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fish, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunoyer-Geindre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charlon-Gay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reny, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neerman-Arbez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontana, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.21.676872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The zebrafish model tackles anti-P2Y12 variability in humans: a translational approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.675323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase enhances CD8⁺ T-cell antitumor immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.675323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a redox-active gasotransmitter implicated in tumor progression and immune regulation. The enzyme 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) is a key contributor to endogenous H2S and polysulfide production, but its role in tumor-immune interactions remains poorly defined. Here, we show that 3-MST is the most abundantly expressed H2S-synthesizing enzyme in human renal cell carcinoma cells (RCC) and that high 3-MST expression correlates with reduced patient survival. Pharmacological inhibition of 3-MST lowered intracellular H2S levels in Renca renal carcinoma cells, suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis, and increased surface expression of the immunogenic markers CD70, CD86, and PD-L1. In immune cells, partial inhibition of 3-MST promoted T cell activation, as evidenced by increased CD69 expression on both CD4 helper and CD8 cytotoxic T cells. In contrast, complete inhibition of 3-MST, achieved by high concentrations of the inhibitor, modestly reduced CD8 T cell proliferation. Functionally, 3-MST inhibition potentiated antigen-specific CD8 T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells, an effect further amplified by PD-L1 blockade. These results establish 3-MST as a redox-sensitive metabolic driver of tumor growth and immune evasion in RCC and demonstrate that its inhibition can boost antitumor immune responses, offering a potential avenue for combination immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Urwyler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korsos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupuychaffray, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascencao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrosino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuhra, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tachet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purwar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pommier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelkader, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szabo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourquin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.675323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase enhances CD8⁺ T-cell antitumor immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.678124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluorescence lifetime estimation: a practical approach using Flipper-TR FLIM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.678124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flipper-TR is a membrane dye sensitive to lipid packing widely used to probe membrane tension in live cells via fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). However, no consensus currently exists on the optimal strategy for extracting lifetime values, particularly across varying experimental setups and biological systems. Here, we systematically compare multiple approaches to estimate Flipper-TR lifetime, including multi-exponential reconvolution fitting, tail fitting, mean photon arrival time (first moment), and phasor analysis. These estimators are tested against changes in photon budget, sample characteristics, microscope manufacturer, and laser frequency. This offers a comprehensive benchmark and decision-making framework for quantitative FLIM analysis of Flipper dyes in various contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mandal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Arcos, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.23.678124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluorescence lifetime estimation: a practical approach using Flipper-TR FLIM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ovarian development is driven by early spatiotemporal priming of the coelomic epithelium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ovarian organogenesis relies on the coordinated specification of supporting and steroidogenic lineages from multipotent coelomic epithelium (CE) progenitors. However, it remains unclear how ovarian cellular diversity arises and whether CE progenitors are fate-biased before or after ingression into the gonad. We show that CE cells in fetal mouse and human ovaries are transcriptionally heterogeneous and spatially organized into subdomains already primed toward supporting or steroidogenic identities. CE priming is dynamic, influenced by proximity to the mesonephros, with a transient coexistence of both progenitor types before resolution toward a predominantly supporting-biased CE. In mice, delamination of primed CE cells seeds intragonadal niches that generate pre-granulosa and steroidogenic progenitors. We further demonstrate that fetal steroidogenic progenitors give rise to adult stromal and theca cells, and that granulosa cells have a dual origin from CE-derived and supporting-like cells. Together, these findings reveal a conserved, spatially encoded program of ovarian lineage specification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Djari, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MAYERE, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ademi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaboissier, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>nef, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.24.678234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ovarian development is driven by early spatiotemporal priming of the coelomic epithelium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678297v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Negative feedback regulation of the hemi-arrestin MAPK scaffold Sms1 prevents untimely mating 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678297v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are ancestral kinases that form essential signalling cascades. However, scaffolds that recruit kinases to subcellular locations and promote signal transduction have only been described in few species. Notably, no scaffold was thought necessary for the MAPK cascade promoting sexual differentiation in fission yeast. Here, we identify the hemi-arrestin protein Sms1 as a structurally novel scaffold of this MAPK cascade. Interactions with PIP2 and the pheromone receptor-coupled G subunit target Sms1 to plasma membrane patches, where it assembles the active cascade by binding each MAP kinase. These interactions are essential for signal transduction and local signal interpretation for polarised growth. Phosphorylation, including by the MAPK itself, antagonises Sms1 membrane translocation, establishing a negative feedback that underlies polarity patch turnover and prevents untimely mating attempts. Thus, Sms1 is a MAPK scaffold with canonical functions despite its distinct structural fold, highlighting convergent evolution of MAPK scaffolds across eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sieber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merlini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besomi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon-Lennox, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.24.678297</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Negative feedback regulation of the hemi-arrestin MAPK scaffold Sms1 prevents untimely mating]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bora, CEP192 and Cenexin activate different Plk1 pools and regulate distinct cell and centrosome cycle transitions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) regulates multiple steps of the cell and centrosome cycle, including mitotic entry, DNA-damage recovery, centrosome maturation and centriole disengagement. Plk1 activity depends on several independent cofactors, such as the cytoplasmic Bora, and the centrosomal proteins Cep192 and Cenexin. However, whether these Plk1 coactivators differentially regulate the Plk1-dependent processes is unknown. Here, we show that each Plk1 coactivator controls different cell cycle steps via distinct Plk1 pools in human cells. While Bora is the main driver for mitotic entry, DNA-damage recovery and centrosome maturation, centriole disengagement is mainly regulated by Cep192 and Cenexin. Moreover, we find that Plk1 and Cep192 drive S-phase progression by promoting replication origin firing. Our results thus uncover the complexity of the Plk1 activation regulatory network, in which distinct upstream activators dictate its activity in a context-dependent manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dwivedi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harry, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraldi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bora, CEP192 and Cenexin activate different Plk1 pools and regulate distinct cell and centrosome cycle transitions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Translating Music to Touch: Exploring Tactile Perception of Pitch, Roughness, and Pleasantness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Music is a rich multisensory experience, yet individuals with hearing impairments often lack access to this important aspect of culture. As tactile technologies advance, there is growing interest in whether musical information can be conveyed through vibration. This study investigates how core dimensions of auditory music perception, pitch, roughness, and pleasantness, can be translated into the tactile domain. Participants were asked to rate these perceptual dimensions in response to sinusoidal and complex waveforms, including amplitude-modulated signals, sawtooth, and missing fundamental stimuli. Perceived pitch showed a systematic relationship with stimulus frequency for most participants, suggesting that tactile devices could at least partially convey some form of simple melodic patterns. The sawtooth waveform emerged as particularly effective for representing pitch changes, underscoring the role of rapid temporal transitions in tactile pitch encoding. Roughness ratings were negatively correlated with pleasantness, mirroring well-established findings in auditory perception. Waveforms with sudden temporal changes or rapid amplitude modulations were consistently judged as less pleasant. Taken together, these findings in normal hearing participants may inform the design of vibrotactile displays that could support access to selected music relevant perceptual dimensions, although generalization to people with hearing loss remains to be tested. Importantly, our results highlight the crucial role of the fast temporal envelope rather than the temporal fine structure, in shaping vibrotactile perception. Consistent with this interpretation, our data provide evidence for a tactile analog of the auditory missing fundamental phenomenon, reinforcing the idea that tactile pitch perception primarily relies on envelope periodicity rather than the presence of specific frequency components.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marozeau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novozhilova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prsa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Translating Music to Touch: Exploring Tactile Perception of Pitch, Roughness, and Pleasantness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.05.680593v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid Landscape of human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.05.680593v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic cells synthesise thousands of lipid species, yet the principles that organise them across compartments remain unclear. Here we introduce PAP-SL, parallel (immuno)affinity purification coupled to shotgun lipidomics, to map [~]300 lipid species across six compartments of human cells and uncover general rules of lipid organisation. Correlation analyses of stoichiometric lipid compositions resolved archetypal distribution trajectories. Biosynthetic origin set the baseline: mitochondrial and lysosomal pathways generated confined pools, whereas the ER acted as a dispatch hub shaping downstream membrane territories. The ER established the saturated plasma membrane through transfer of phosphatidylserine, sphingolipids, and cholesterol, together with species-level selection of more saturated glycerophospholipids across diverse headgroups, while less-saturated species moved unselectively into mitochondria. The ER also channelled ether-linked glycerophospholipids to lysosomes, forming a territory dominated by ether phosphatidylcholine that collapsed under ethanolamine-driven metabolic rewiring. PAP-SL defines a framework to resolve lipid organisation and its metabolic plasticity in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foged, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clemmensen, K. K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, L. K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacobini, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilgin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titeca, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavin, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaattela, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.05.680593</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid Landscape of human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acoustic Features of Emotional Expression in Preverbal Infant Vocalizations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The musicality of human communication before the onset of words enables mutual interaction from early infancy and lays the foundation for language development. The present study investigated the development of infants emotional vocalizations across the first year of life, with a specific focus on their acoustic properties. Analyses revealed systematic age-related changes in acoustic features, with pronounced shifts in pitch height, spectral clarity, and formant stability occurring between 3-6 and 6-9 months. These findings mark the second half of the first year as a key milestone in the development of vocal communication. Linear discriminant analysis confirmed improved age classification beyond this stage. Emotional valence was encoded in distinct acoustic profiles, particularly involving spectral energy, pitch, vocal intensity, and resonance. Negative vocalizations, especially in younger infants, exhibited consistently higher pitch and intensity, along with stable acoustic signatures over time, suggesting their function as early, distinct affective signals. Valence-specific developmental trajectories were also identified. While formant frequency changes typically clustered around the 6-month age, an earlier shift was evident in positive vocalizations, adding nuance to general developmental trends.

Taken together, these findings challenge the notion of full emotional neutrality in preverbal vocalizations and suggest that emotional valence is partially encoded in stable acoustic parameters. Such cues may complement contextual information in supporting caregivers interpretation of infants emotional states.

This work contributes to understanding how functional flexibility emerges through the developmental tuning of prosody and further calls for research into whether adults can reliably decode emotion from vocal signals alone, shedding light on the perceptual foundations of early social communication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mauchand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzini, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes-Fernandes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pugin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filippa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acoustic Features of Emotional Expression in Preverbal Infant Vocalizations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.04.680449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Return of the GEDAI: Unsupervised EEG Denoising based on Leadfield Filtering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.04.680449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current electroencephalogram (EEG) denoising methods struggle to remove the complex physiological and environmental artifacts typical of real-world settings, which both hinders the isolation of true neural activity and limits the technologys translational potential. We present the Generalized Eigenvalue De-Artifacting Instrument (GEDAI), a novel algorithm for denoising highly contaminated EEG. GEDAI employs leadfield filtering to selectively remove noise and artifacts that diverge from a theoretically defined EEG forward model. This approach offers unique advantages over existing solutions, including 1) denoising of highly corrupt recordings without "clean" reference data, 2) single-step correction of artifactual epochs and bad channels, 3) unsupervised detection of brain and noise components based on the signal and noise subspace alignment index (SENSAI). In ground-truth simulations with synthetic and empirical EEG contaminated with realistic artifacts (EOG, EMG, noise), GEDAI globally outperformed leading denoising techniques based on principal component analysis (ASR) and independent component analysis (IClabel, MARA), revealing large effect sizes in challenging scenarios with simultaneous artifact mixtures, low signal-to-noise ratio (-9 dB), and high temporal contamination (up to 100%). Its superior denoising also enhanced neurobehavioral predictions, yielding highest accuracies in ERP classification and brain fingerprinting. GEDAIs autonomy, computational speed and noise-resilience could find future applications in 1) real- world medical, mobile and dry electrode EEG recordings 2) magnetoenecephalography (MEG) denoising (given the shared M/EEG forward model), and 3) real-time brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The Matlab code for GEDAI is available as an open-source EEGLAB plugin at https://github.com/neurotuning/GEDAI-master
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ros, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colangelo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kia, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulliemoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.04.680449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Return of the GEDAI: Unsupervised EEG Denoising based on Leadfield Filtering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reversing Nicotine Toxicity: how Platelet-Rich Plasma Enhances Cell Recovery through Autophagy Modulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680686v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundChronic exposure to nicotine significantly exacerbates periodontitis, a prevalent inflammatory disease, by inducing cellular processes such as autophagy and inflammation in gingival fibroblasts. Current therapies often fail to fully address these cellular alterations in smokers, highlighting a need for innovative therapeutic and generative approaches.

ObjectiveThis study explores the therapeutic potential of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), a blood-derived product, to modulate nicotine-induced biological activities in primary gingival fibroblasts. It aims at understanding the underlying cellular mechanisms and assessing the efficacy of PRP as an adjunct treatment for periodontitis in smokers.

MethodsGingival fibroblasts were treated with increasing concentrations of nicotine, which led to senescence and autophagy. Subsequent treatment with autologous PRP was evaluated for its effect on the reversion of these processes, by measuring cell migration and proliferation, metabolic activity, as well as by looking at senescence and autophagic markers. A Caenorhabditis elegans model of autophagy was used to assess nicotine and PRP biological activities in an in vivo environment.

ResultsNicotine at high concentrations triggered cellular vacuolization, a decrease in metabolism, viability and proliferation that was partially (with 500 ng/ml nicotine) or completely (with 250 ng/ml nicotine) reversed by a concomitant treatment with 10% PRP. Nicotine alone (250 ng/ml) slightly enhanced migration, while concomitant treatment between nicotine and PRP significantly increased their migration potential. In Caenorhabditis elegans, PRP reduced the nicotine-induced autophagic activity, as evidenced by decreased numbers of autophagosome and a higher number of viable worms during adulthood in comparison to nicotine control conditions. A screening of gingival fibroblast secretome revealed a modulation of autophagy-related cytokines in response to nicotine and/or PRP.

ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that PRP could effectively inhibit nicotine-induced autophagy gingival fibroblasts, offering insights into its possible use as a therapeutic tool for managing periodontitis in smokers. The study underscores the potential of PRP in altering disease progression by modulating key cellular processes affected by smoking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Veriepe-Salerno, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cancela, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuendet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannopoulou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berndt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reversing Nicotine Toxicity: how Platelet-Rich Plasma Enhances Cell Recovery through Autophagy Modulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.680885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation of apical-out nasal organoids to facilitate viral infection and drug screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.680885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advanced culture systems such as organoids can serve as powerful platforms to study epithelial physiology, as they recapitulate the organisation and many key functions of the tissue of origin. The nasal epithelium is the first respiratory epithelium that is exposed to inhaled airborne pathogens. As a result, it is crucial to model host-pathogen interactions occurring in this tissue. To facilitate the efficient modelling of these interactions, we have developed a method to generate de novo apical-out nasal organoids from nasal epithelial cell aggregates. Optimisation of this method revealed a stark tissue-specific effect of the culture temperature, as apical-out nasal organoids were generated in much higher efficiency at 32.5 {degrees}C, compared to more widely used temperatures of 37{degrees}C. These organoids are composed of ciliated, basal and goblet cells and are produced in a completely standardised and scalable manner, devoid of any extracellular matrix hydrogel. Moreover, they displayed high homogeneity in size and cellular composition, as well as susceptibility to viral infections and capability to model antiviral drug responses. Here, we describe a method for the efficient and reproducible generation of apical-out nasal organoids with high potential to be utilised in host-pathogen interaction studies and personalised medicine from easy-to-access nasal swabs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stroulios, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eaves, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapparel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.680885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation of apical-out nasal organoids to facilitate viral infection and drug screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-encapsulated liposomal formulations of tubacin and erlotinib.HCl: a comprehensive stability strategy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The co-encapsulation of two anticancer drugs within liposomes is a promising strategy for delivering a synergistic drug ratio to tumors. In this preliminary study, we systematically investigated the formulation stability of liposomes co-encapsulating tubacin and erlotinib.HCl, as well as the development of a freeze-drying (FD) method as a stabilization strategy. Notably, the effect of cryoprotectants on size and drug encapsulation conservation was studied both before and after freezing and thawing (FD).

Tubacin was passively loaded into the lipid bilayer, while erlotinib.HCl was remotely loaded via an ammonium sulfate gradient. Lipid composition studies revealed that erlotinib.HCl encapsulation was the highest at pH 3. Additionally, DSPC:Chol ratios significantly impacted drug loading: high cholesterol content improved erlotinib.HCl retention but reduced tubacin encapsulation. Despite optimization, substantial drug losses occurred during storage at 4{degrees}C, leading to the development of freeze-drying as a stabilization strategy. Sucrose and trehalose were evaluated as cryoprotectants at different concentrations. Sucrose (10% w/v) demonstrated higher cryoprotection, maintaining liposome sizes within a range optimal for the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, the inclusion of internal sucrose did not further improve stability. Process optimization identified 150 mM ammonium sulfate as the optimal concentration for remote loading while preserving formulation stability. Comparative evaluation of two freeze-drying protocols revealed that the controlled stepwise system (Telstar(R)) outperformed the alternative approach, demonstrating superior drug retention and particle size preservation. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation coupled with dynamic light scattering and multi-angle light scattering (AF4-DLS-MALS) analysis confirmed minimal particle aggregation post-lyophilization, with preserved monodispersity and spherical morphology.

These findings highlight the critical importance of cryoprotectant selection, buffer optimization, and freeze-drying protocol design for developing stable, co-encapsulated liposomal formulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schelker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteiro, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchard, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowak-Sliwinska, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.08.681158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-encapsulated liposomal formulations of tubacin and erlotinib.HCl: a comprehensive stability strategy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.09.681440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lineage of origin-specific developmental programs drive the behaviors of malignant cells in an avian embryo model of human Medulloblastoma subgroups 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.09.681440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumoral cells of medulloblastoma (MB) subgroups (SHH, G3 and G4) display a close transcriptomic proximity to early neuronal progenitors that migrate to form the embryonic cerebellum. With the aim of exploring functional proximities between MB cells and their physiological counterparts, we established a model of transplantation of human MB cells into the cerebellum of chick embryos in vivo and ex ovo. Light-sheet imaging of embryos grafted with cell lines and patient biopsies of MB SHH, G3 and G4 revealed the formation of primary tumors within a few days, whose topography matched that of the different MB subgroups on patients MRI. We found that transplanted MB cells adopted morphological and migratory features specific of their respective lineage of origin. Combining transcriptomic and functional approaches, we found that MB G3 tumoral cells exploit the canonical SLIT migration developmental signaling at disease emergence. This signaling is maintained in MB G3 patients and is associated with tumor aggressivity and poor prognosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MALLET, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MARTIN, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>THOINET, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>IMBERT, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SARHADI, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GANOFSKY, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TORREJON DIAZ, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FENOUIL, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DELLOYE-BOURGEOIS, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FALK, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FAURE-CONTER, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TELLEY, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MEYRONET, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AYRAULT, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CASTELLANI, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TAUSZIG-DELAMASURE, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.09.681440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lineage of origin-specific developmental programs drive the behaviors of malignant cells in an avian embryo model of human Medulloblastoma subgroups]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NATO3 protects dopaminergic neurons in mouse in vivo and human in vitro Parkinson's disease models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by the progressive and unstoppable loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. We previously identified NATO3 (FERD3L), a conserved developmental transcription factor, as essential for maintaining DA neuron function during aging. Here, we show that AAV-mediated Nato3 gene transfer into the mouse substantia nigra prevents DA neuron degeneration in both MPTP-induced and -synuclein (-Syn) overexpression PD models. This neuroprotective effect is achieved by improving autophagic flux and -Syn clearance. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated NATO3 overexpression in human midbrain DA neurons, derived from induced pluripotent stem cells carrying the pathological -Syn A53T mutation, effectively reversed key disease hallmarks. These include -Syn accumulation, aberrant mitochondrial morphology, autophagic impairments, and compromised neurite structure. Collectively, these in vivo and in vitro findings highlight NATO3s role in safeguarding DA neurons against pathological cellular events, positioning NATO3 as a therapeutic target for PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Valencia-Alarcon, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duret, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattaneo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagoshi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.10.681573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NATO3 protects dopaminergic neurons in mouse in vivo and human in vitro Parkinson's disease models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal evolution of Neural Codes: The Added Value of a Geometric Approach to Linear Coefficients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multivariate decoding analyses have become a cornerstone method in cognitive neuroscience. When applied to time-resolved brain imaging signals, they provide insights into the temporal dynamics of information processing in the brain. In particular, the temporal generalization (TG) method--where a decoder trained at one time point is tested on others--is commonly used to assess the stability of neural representations over time. However, TG performance can be ambiguous: distinct representational dynamics--such as sparse versus distributed activity, or scaling of activity versus recruitment of new units--can yield similar TG matrices. Moreover, even when generalization is strong, underlying neural representations may still be evolving in ways that TG alone fails to reveal. This ambiguity of performance profiles can mask meaningful changes in the geometry of neural representations. In this study, we use controlled simulations to demonstrate how different dynamic processes can produce indistinguishable TG profiles. To resolve these ambiguities, we propose a complementary approach based on the geometry of the learned linear coefficients. Specifically, we quantify the Rotation Angle {theta} between decision subspaces (with cosine similarity) and the Feature Density  (capturing whether feature contributions are distributed or sparse). Together, these measures complement TG analyses, revealing how neural representations evolve in space and time. Beyond time-resolved decoding, our approach applies broadly to any linear model, offering a geometric perspective on representational dynamics.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=113 SRC="FIGDIR/small/681582v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Desbordes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olasagasti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piron, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazanina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.10.681582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal evolution of Neural Codes: The Added Value of a Geometric Approach to Linear Coefficients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.12.681824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell cycle oscillations in a polarity network facilitate state switching by morphogenetic cues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.12.681824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The proper establishment of cell form, fate, and function during morphogenesis requires precise coordination between cell polarity and developmental cues. To achieve this, cells must establish polarity domains that are stable yet sensitive to guiding cues. Here we show that C. elegans germline blastomeres resolve this trade-off by creating a time-varying polarization landscape. Specifically, coupling the PAR polarity network to the cell-cycle kinase CDK-1 ensures that newborn cells operate in a low-feedback regime that lowers barriers to polarity state switching, allowing spatial cues to induce and orient PAR protein asymmetries. As CDK-1 activity rises at mitotic entry, increasing molecular feedback reinforces cue-induced asymmetries to yield robust and stable patterning of PAR domains. Consistent with this model, optogenetic and chemical perturbations show that low-CDK/low-feedback regimes destabilize PAR domains but are required for both de novo polarization and the reorientation of polarity in response to inductive cues. We propose that mitotic oscillations in cell polarity circuits dynamically optimize the polarization landscape to enable coordination of polarity with morphogenesis. Such temporal control of developmental networks is likely a general mechanism to balance robustness of cellular states with sensitivity to signal-induced state switching.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebaa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chizh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bland, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugioka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goehring, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.12.681824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell cycle oscillations in a polarity network facilitate state switching by morphogenetic cues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.12.681867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tanycytic annexinA1-containing extracellular vesicles control thermogenesis by orchestrating microglial and neuronal functions. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.12.681867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Obesity, a major global health issue, results from disrupted energy balance driven by chronic hypothalamic inflammation and altered intercellular communication. Among the diverse cells orchestrating this regulation, tanycytes--specialized ependymal cells at the brain-blood interface--have emerged as key modulators, yet the molecular mechanisms by which they influence surrounding cells remain poorly understood.

Here, we identify Annexin A1 (ANXA1) as a tanycyte-derived anti-inflammatory signal whose expression, localization, and secretion are dynamically regulated by nutritional state and altered under high-fat diet. During positive energy balance, ANXA1 is secreted in CD9 extracellular vesicles (EV), remodeling hypothalamic networks by altering microglial morphology, synaptic density, and neuronal activation. These EV-mediated effects extend systemically to regulate brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and overall energy balance.

Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized tanycyte-microglia-neuron signaling axis and highlight EV-mediated glial communication as a potential therapeutic target in obesity-associated neuroinflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dali, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Rodriguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolotuev, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deglise, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Valentin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohrbach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estrada-Meza, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansuy-Aubert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.12.681867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tanycytic annexinA1-containing extracellular vesicles control thermogenesis by orchestrating microglial and neuronal functions.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The origin and molecular evolution of the mammalian liver cell architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The liver is a central organ with essential roles in processes such as nutritional metabolism, detoxification, and immune defense1-6. It has been instrumental in the adaptation of mammalian species to diverse environments, as reflected by its rapid molecular evolution7,8. However, the origins and evolutionary dynamics of liver cell types and their structural organization remain largely unexplored. Here we report evolutionary analyses of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility data for liver cells from 17 species, spanning all major feeding strategies (herbivory, omnivory, carnivory, insectivory), great apes (including humans), placental clades (Afrotheria, Xenarthra, Laurasiatheria, Euarchontoglires), major mammalian lineages (placentals, marsupials, monotremes), and a bird as outgroup. Integrated with spatial transcriptomics, our data reveal that liver zonation--the compartmentalization of hepatocyte functions along the lobule, the livers fundamental anatomical and functional unit--is conserved across mammals but absent in other vertebrates. We find that zonation originated in the mammalian ancestor, driven by the emergence of WNT and R-spondin signaling from central vein endothelial cells, which activate central hepatocyte gene expression via the transcription factor TCF7L2. Despite this conserved architecture and signaling, genes with zonated expression exhibit rapid evolutionary turnover. Consistently, hepatocytes evolve fast, likely due to reduced selective constraints, enabling adaptive changes under positive selection. Alongside immune cells, hepatocytes are therefore key drivers of the livers rapid evolution and functional innovations. In great apes, we identify human-specific shifts in zonation and cell-type-specific expression linked to recent cis-regulatory changes, particularly in genes involved in lipid metabolism, likely contributing to human-specific metabolic traits. Our study uncovers the origins of a mammal-specific liver cell architecture, within which reduced constraints facilitated molecular changes underlying ecological adaptations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Montes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaremba, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trost, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berki, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibberson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leushkin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palkovits, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truman, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barsh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lees, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fallahshahroudi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grützner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzika, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milinkovitch, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pääbo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardoso-Moreira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaessmann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The origin and molecular evolution of the mammalian liver cell architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.681771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantification of Human DNA from Century-Old Archived FFPE Samples for Retrospective Genomic Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.681771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundFormalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue archives are an invaluable resource for genomic research, offering the potential to link genomic data to long-term clinical outcomes. Their utility has however been limited by the degradation caused by fixation and long-term storage, particularly for samples archived for many decades.

MethodsThis study evaluates a cohort of 79 FFPE tissue blocks collected and archived in 1973 from the Strasbourg Pathological Tissue Archive (SPTA), and a cohort of 51 FFPE tissue blocks from the Geneva Brain Bank (GBB), collected between 1928 and 1971. DNA was quantified using a forensic-grade quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay (QIAGEN Investigator Quantiplex Pro Kit on a Rotor-Gene Q) to precisely measure human DNA concentration, assess degradation, and detect PCR inhibition.

ResultsA high proportion of the samples yielded human DNA fragments of 80bp and 95bp and very few fragments of 205bp. All organ samples treated with Bouin liquid (n=12) gave poor results, but among samples fixed in formalin (n=117), 58.1% showed over 0.25ng/{micro}L of 80bp human DNA fragments and 37.6% over 1ng/{micro}L. We propose a model to describe the decay of these samples and estimate the proportion of samples that should yield at least a 0.25ng/{micro}L concentration of fragments over 100bp to 45.1%.

ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that automated extraction methods optimized for FFPE allow for the recovery of usable material even in century-old archived samples with inconsistent conditions of conservation. Our data suggests that the time spent in storage is much less influential on DNA quality than initial fixation time. Crucially, given the fragmented nature of the material recovered (an expected result), future analyses of this material will have to be conducted using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and approaches that rely on short fragments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zvenigorosky, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broisin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fausser, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeanjean, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hluszko Pontet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamy, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keyser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonah, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.681771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantification of Human DNA from Century-Old Archived FFPE Samples for Retrospective Genomic Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Social Perspectives on Larvicide-Based Mosquito Control in Urban Quebec 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spreading of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) in urban waterways, as a biological larvicide to control biting insect populations and mitigate disease transmission, has been subject to scientific scrutiny due to its potential environmental impacts. Public and political discussions have revealed recurring opinions that reflect broader social perspectives. While scientific research on Bti progresses, knowledge of public understanding and perspectives, which are important for decision-making, remains limited. The main objective of this research was to identify and compare the social perspectives of Quebec citizens, primarily in the city of Gatineau, regarding the use of Bti for mosquito and black fly control in aquatic environments. We used Q methodology, a mixed approach combining both quantitative and qualitative methods to identify social perspectives related to the use of Bti. Our analysis revealed three social perspectives, which account for 51% of the explained variance. They reflect the broader range of opinion within citizens, and are described as "The critical environmentalist", "The diligent mosquito hunter", and "The Bti enthusiast". Each accounting for 29%, 12% and 10% of the explained variance, respectively. The common thread across all three perspectives is the minimal public awareness and understanding of Bti and its environmental implications. Providing a first characterization of social perspectives in North America regarding larvicides, this research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of public opinion and informs the development of inclusive and transparent policies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sotelo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levesque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larouche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupras, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turgeon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Social Perspectives on Larvicide-Based Mosquito Control in Urban Quebec]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The RNA helicase eIF4A as a novel target in insect cells to combat arboviral infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683850v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes cause major global health burdens, yet few vaccines or antivirals exist. Targeting host factors required for viral replication offers a promising approach. The DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A, a core component of the translation initiation complex eIF4F, unwinds structured 5' UTRs and is critical for many viral RNAs. We tested whether the natural products rocaglates and pateamines, potent eIF4A inhibitors in mammalian cells, also suppress arboviral replication and translation in insect vectors. Silvestrol strongly inhibited Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) replication in human A549 cells without cytotoxicity, expanding the list of arboviruses dependent on eIF4A. Sequence analysis showed conservation of the rocaglate-binding motif between the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti and the fruit flies Anastrepha suspensa and Drosophila melanogaster. Dual-luciferase assays in insect cells of all three species confirmed silvestrol selectively inhibited translation from purine-rich reporters below cytotoxic thresholds. Purified eIF4A variants retained helicase activity, allowing direct testing of inhibitor interactions. Thermal shift assays demonstrated robust stabilization of eIF4A-RNA complexes by both compound classes in the wildtype proteins, with unexpected rocaglate sensitivity of the putatively insensitive Ae. aegypti H161L mutant, indicating a unique binding pocket geometry of the mosquito protein. Our results identify eIF4A as a conserved and druggable host factor in insects, highlighting its potential as a novel target for transmission-blocking antivirals and insect-specific inhibitors.

Author SummaryNatural compounds from the classes of rocaglates and pateamines have shown their potential to inhibit tumor cell growth and to effectively suppress replication of different viruses, including Ebola, corona, picorna, and arboviruses by inhibiting translation initiation through blocking of one of the initiation actors, the helicase eIF4A. eIF4A is needed to unwind structured 5UTRs of selected mRNAs to allow binding of the 43S preinitiation complex. The compounds bind in a pocket of eIF4A, thereby clamping the RNA onto the eIF4A surface. Although eIF4A is highly conserved in eukaryotes not all eIF4A are sensitive to rocaglates. Mainly one key amino acid in the binding pocket determines sensitivity or insensitivity. In this study we expanded the list of arboviruses as potential targets of rocaglate-based drugs. Moreover, we approached the inhibition of arboviral infections from the vector side by studying the interaction between rocaglates and pateamines with eIF4A from the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, one of the most important arboviral vectors. Our study shows that also the mosquito eIF4A can be targeted by both compound classes. Moreover, our results reveal a unique architecture of the binding pocket that retains sensitivity even upon mutation of the key amino acid.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rehling, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mentchen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konopka, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obermann, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmerer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schetelig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruenweller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haecker, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.22.683850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The RNA helicase eIF4A as a novel target in insect cells to combat arboviral infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dimer asymmetry in signaling of blue-light sensor histidine kinases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Photoreceptor sensory histidine kinases (SHKs) couple light absorption to conformational changes regulating two-component signaling. Despite their importance and widespread use in optogenetics, the underlying structural signaling mechanisms remain poorly understood. We here engineered dimeric SHKs based on Pseudomonas putida short light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) proteins and determined their crystal structures. Regardless of illumination, the structures adopted a light-state like LOV-LOV dimer with symmetric/straight kinase modules. In contrast, small-angle X-ray scattering together with functional assays revealed pronounced light-dependent rearrangements in solution and allowed the assignment of the kinase-ON dark state to an asymmetric/kinked conformation, whereas the light state adopts a symmetric/straight structure. Comparative analyses of natural and engineered SHKs identified conserved motifs linking LOV domain rotation to kinase activity. The findings highlight the central role of dimer asymmetry and flexibility in SHK signaling, thereby not least informing the engineering of new light-responsive signaling systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arinkin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadler, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, S. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaeger, K.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeglich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krauss, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra-Safferling, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.24.684451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dimer asymmetry in signaling of blue-light sensor histidine kinases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A bioluminescence-based chemical screen identifies a bactericidal naphthalene scaffold targeting MmpL3 in Mycobacterium abscessus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease (Mabs-PD) presents a significant and growing global health threat, particularly in individuals with underlying lung conditions like cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A key challenge in treating Mabs-PD is the lack of bactericidal antibiotics effective at therapeutically relevant concentrations, underscoring an urgent need for drug discovery. Targeting cell-wall synthesis is a promising approach, as evidenced by the success of broad-spectrum {beta}-lactam antibiotics and the frontline antituberculosis drug isoniazid. However, these agents exhibit limited efficacy against Mabs, often requiring concentrations unachievable in lung tissues. Here, we used a bioluminescence-based whole-cell assay optimized to identify drugs targeting both cell-wall synthesis and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Screening a small drug library against Mabs revealed multiple hits, including {beta}-lactam antibiotics, validating the effectiveness of this approach to identify cell wall-targeting agents. Among these, we identified a chemically tractable naphthalene scaffold with potent bactericidal activity. The optimized derivative GM47-1 targets MmpL3, disrupting cell wall integrity, inducing ATP leakage into the extracellular milieu, and uncoupling respiration, predominantly through the cytochrome bcc:aa3 branch. Further chemical optimization resulted in a new derivative exhibiting a nanomolar minimum inhibitory concentration, with potent activity against intracellular Mabs and in a zebrafish model of infection. This study offers a promising scaffold for future therapeutic development and highlights the utility of this approach as a rapid assay platform for identifying bactericidal compounds against Mabs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorayah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulholland, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daher, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pee, C. J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casandra, T. A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oehlers, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chng, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moraski, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pethe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.26.684512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A bioluminescence-based chemical screen identifies a bactericidal naphthalene scaffold targeting MmpL3 in Mycobacterium abscessus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR screen identifies CNIH1 as a selective driver of GPCR export 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of transmembrane proteins, transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular signaling cascades to orchestrate human physiology. The transport of newly synthesized receptors from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane (PM) determines cellular responsiveness to incoming ligands, yet the molecular machinery governing GPCR export remains incompletely defined. Here, we combine a synchronized cargo-release assay with a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen to systematically map regulators of GPCR ER-to-PM transport. Focusing on the {delta}-opioid receptor (DOR), a prototypical class A GPCR, we identify CNIH1 as a dedicated export factor. In the absence of CNIH1, DOR is retained intracellularly with immature glycosylation, and drives reduced PM signaling. CNIH1 localizes to both ER exit sites and the Golgi, promoting the anterograde transport of a subset of class A GPCRs. Opioid receptors directly interact with CNIH1 and require its putative COPII-binding site for export. Distinct from other human cornichon homologs, CNIH1 defines a selective GPCR-sorting receptor that couples GPCR biosynthesis to signaling competence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Assoumou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drugachenok, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrate, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, S. M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR screen identifies CNIH1 as a selective driver of GPCR export]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-invasive prediction of conduction velocities in the human brain from MRI-derived microstructure features at 7 Tesla 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The conduction velocity of neuronal signals along axons is a key neurophysiological property that can be altered in various disease processes. While cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) can be measured in presurgical assessment to provide information about conduction delay between a subset of brain regions, it is currently not possible to efficiently and systematically estimate conduction velocity in vivo across the whole brain.

Given the established link between conduction velocity and axon morphology (most notably axon diameter but also myelination), mapping a reliable and quantitative metric linked to axon properties could fill the gap of inferring conduction velocity across the entire human brain. By integrating multiple MRI-derived microstructural measures - including axon radius, axonal water fraction, extra-axonal perpendicular diffusivity, and longitudinal relaxation time - and conduction velocity estimates obtained from a large database of CCEPs, we developed a whole-brain prediction model of conduction velocity. Our multivariate MRI-based model explained 29% of variance in neurophysiological conduction velocity, making it possible to partially predict whole-brain conduction velocity and delay matrices along connections for which no direct measurement is commonly available from epilepsy surgery investigations. This integrative MRI-based approach could provide a non-invasive framework for comprehensively characterising conduction delays in vivo across the human brain white matter.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Asadi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, A. P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleman-Gomez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jedynak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canales-Rodriguez, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Wouters, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigoni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lajous, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C. H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cionca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vulliemoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jelescu, I. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-invasive prediction of conduction velocities in the human brain from MRI-derived microstructure features at 7 Tesla]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685374v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microtubule deacetylation drives kinesin-1 mediated mitochondrial transport accelerating breast cancer cell migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685374v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial trafficking is reprogrammed in metastatic breast cancer cells to sustain their migratory and invasive behavior. Mitochondria repositioning to sites of high energy demand is governed by a balance between opposing dynein and kinesin-1 (KIF5B) molecular motors whose regulation remains incompletely understood. Here, we identify the SYBU gene as a candidate prognostic marker downregulated in metastatic disease. SYBU encodes syntabulin, a mitochondria outer membrane protein that interacts with dynein to counterbalance KIF5B-dependent anterograde transport to the cell cortex. Loss of SYBU disrupts the balance, causing excessive KIF5B-driven mitochondria movement, microtubule damage and deacetylation. In turn, microtubule deacetylation reinforces KIF5B-mediated transport, creating a positive feedback loop that drives mitochondria distribution close to the cell periphery and enhances cancer cell migration. Pharmacological inhibition of the tubulin deacetylase HDAC6 restores mitochondrial positioning and reduces cell migration in SYBU-deficient cells. Our findings identify SYBU as a key regulator of mitochondrial trafficking and pave the way to personalized therapeutic approaches for metastatic breast tumors with low SYBU expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues-Ferreira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seiler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazaud, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moindjie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pous, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schauer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nahmias, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.685374</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microtubule deacetylation drives kinesin-1 mediated mitochondrial transport accelerating breast cancer cell migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.01.685988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TimeFlow 2: an unsupervised cell lineage detection method for flow cytometry data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.01.685988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell lineage detection refers to the inference of differentiation pathways from immature cells to distinct mature cell types. We developed TimeFlow 2, a new method for lineage inference in large flow cytometry datasets. It uses a single static snapshot of unordered cells and does not require prior knowledge of the number of pathways, cell type or temporal labels. TimeFlow 2 uses the cell orderings from TimeFlow and defines coarse cell states along pseudotime segments. By connecting these states, it constructs paths at cell state level. To approximate the trajectory structure, it further groups the paths based on an Optimal Transport-based cost function. We used TimeFlow 2 on three healthy bone marrow samples and accurately assigned monocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes and B-cells of different maturation stages to four distinct pathways. Marker dynamics across the inferred pathways showed highly correlated patterns for the corresponding lineages in all three patients. We compared the performance of TimeFlow 2 and three other established methods using standard classification and correlation metrics. TimeFlow 2 outperformed the others on flow cytometry datasets and remained competitive on the challenging mass cytometry datasets. Overall, TimeFlow 2 detects biologically informative pathways, allowing bioinformaticians to model and compare marker dynamics across cell lineages in a data-driven way. Source code in Python and tutorials are available at https://github.com/MargaritaLiarou1/TimeFlow2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liarou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchand-Maillet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.01.685988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TimeFlow 2: an unsupervised cell lineage detection method for flow cytometry data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.686913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genotype-level quality control substantially reduces error rates in population-scale whole-genome sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.686913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Population-scale whole-genome sequencing data will contain many individual-level genotype errors, even after allele-level quality control (QC). We establish the need for genotype-level QC using UK Biobank (N=490,726) and All of Us v8 (N=414,830), where we remove up to 100 million ([~]9%) additional low-quality variants. We demonstrate reduced false positive rate in downstream genetic association studies, highlight the power of parent-offspring trios for QC, and illustrate the need for sex-specific X-chromosome filtering. We provide a QCed All of Us v8 dataset in plink-pgen format, and an efficient pipeline for QC and conversion from VCF to plink-pgen for UK Biobank.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chundru, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, H. I. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frayling, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weedon, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaumont, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.06.686913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genotype-level quality control substantially reduces error rates in population-scale whole-genome sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.686991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electron Cryo-Tomography Reveals the Caulobacter vibrioidesTight Adherence Pilus Architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.686991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The type IV filament superfamily is a widespread group of molecular machines involved in natural transformation, motility, adhesion, nutrient uptake, and secretion of a wide spectrum of protein substrates. The gram-negative bacterium Caulobacter vibrioides expresses the tight adherence (Tad) pilus, a type IV machine involved in surface colonization. Here we investigated the proteins involved in Tad pilus production by {Phi}CbK resistance screening and the order of machine assembly and its polar remnant by fluorescence tagging. Using electron cryo-tomography and subtomogram averaging of wild-type and mutant strains, we resolved the Tad pilus machine architecture and built an integrative model of its structure. The resulting model suggests the individual roles of multiple Tad proteins. Together the data also reveals the Tad pilus machines assembly order.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maggi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenzweig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.06.686991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electron Cryo-Tomography Reveals the Caulobacter vibrioidesTight Adherence Pilus Architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Researchers' perspectives on preregistration in animal research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preregistration is arguably one of the most promising and impactful Open Science practices. Defined as the a priori registration of study designs and analysis plans, preregistration has long been established as standard practice in clinical human research and is increasingly taken up in other fields of science. Despite growing evidence suggesting that preregistration can mitigate questionable research practices, and the existence of two platforms targeting animal studies, preregistration remains uncommon in animal research. In light of the reproducibility crisis and calls for more transparency and rigor also in animal research, preregistration represents a potentially promising step forward. However, implementing such policies without understanding their impact carries potential risks. It is, therefore, essential to uncover the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of preregistration before advancing its implementation in animal research. This current study addressed this need as part of a larger feasibility project on preregistration of animal experiments in Switzerland, and aimed to: 1) assess the researchers experiences with preregistration; 2) examine their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions, motivations, and perceived obstacles regarding preregistration; 3) explore associations between these psychosocial constructs and relevant background characteristics; 4) identify perceived facilitators and barriers to preregistration; and 5) summarize researchers suggestions for improving preregistration. A preregistered cross-sectional online survey was conducted among all registered study directors of ongoing animal experiments in Switzerland. Of the 1,385 invited study directors, 418 completed the survey (30.2% return rate; 41% female; age M = 47.1, SD = 9.52). Among them, 39.2% had never heard of preregistration, and only 10% had preregistered studies before participating in the survey. Bureaucratic burden (77.6%), time costs (71.4%), and low flexibility (65.7%) were the most common reported barriers to preregistration. On average, participants described rather unfavorable attitudes towards preregistration, negative subjective norms, relatively low perceived behavioral control, weak intention, and limited motivation to preregister, along with high perceived obstacles. Participants who had never preregistered a study, as well as those with more research experience, showed more negative scores on all assessed psychosocial constructs related to preregistration. Our findings offer guidance on promising measures to enhance acceptance of preregistration among animal researchers, including raising awareness, offering education and training, and facilitating procedures, to enhance the acceptance of preregistration among animal researchers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Priboi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Würbel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergauwe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elger, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Researchers' perspectives on preregistration in animal research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation of oligonucleotide polyanions using collisions, electrons and photons in a timsOmni platform 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We describe here various ion activation experiments realized in the Omnitrap platform integrated on the timsOmniTM mass spectrometer for the analysis of oligonucleotides in the negative ion mode. The activation methods include resonance collision-induced dissociation (RCID), electron detachment dissociation (EDD), infrared laser multiple-photon activation (IRMPD) and UV laser photodissociation (UVPD). Special emphasis is given to EDD, either as a standalone technique or in conjunction with vibrational re-activation of the ion radicals. We describe EDD on standard 6-mer DNA sequences that have been extensively characterized on other instruments, followed by a comparison of several activation approaches for the phosphorothioate-based oligonucleotide therapeutics Fomivirsen, and concluding with the fragmentation analysis of 46-mer DNA and RNA. EDD alone already provides excellent sequence information on Fomivirsen, but MS3 combinations such as EDD-RCID or EDD-IRMPD proved even more effective, including for the 46-mer DNA (less prone to fragmentation than RNA) at a relatively low charge state. The diversity of ion activation combinations available on the Omnitrap platform is demonstrated by an MS4 experiment investigating the fate of a* and z* radical fragments produced by EDD.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiba, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mani Mallika, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyrnakis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greisch, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papanastasiou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabelica, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation of oligonucleotide polyanions using collisions, electrons and photons in a timsOmni platform]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.687791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting ligand binding sites in Plasmodium falciparum NCR1 enables antimalarial drug discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.687791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PfNCR1 is a Plasmodium falciparum cholesterol transporter at the plasma membrane- parasitophorous vacuole interface, which has recently emerged as a promising antimalarial target. Despite an immense interest in development of novel antimalarials targeting PfNCR1, the molecular mechanism of PfNCR1 inhibition remains elusive. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of PfNCR1 in its apo state and bound to three inhibitors: MMV009108, MMV019662 and MMV028038. MMV009108 binds to the "neck" site at the ectodomain-membrane domain interface. MMV028038 displaces the sterol at the ectodomain "ecto" site. Remarkably, MMV019662 binds both sites: it associates near the bound sterol molecule at the ecto site and targets the neck site, thereby altering the sterol-sensing domain conformation. Moreover, we identify a novel antimalarial compound, G856-4236, which targets the ecto site exclusively. These four distinct modes of PfNCR1 inhibition advance our understanding of its conformational plasticity and establish a framework for rational drug discovery targeting PfNCR1 and related transporters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kohling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Makhlouf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanppnavar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganga, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchmair, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stockner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brochet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korkhov, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.11.687791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting ligand binding sites in Plasmodium falciparum NCR1 enables antimalarial drug discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.687784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Minute- and second-scale hippocampal network dysfunctions in the 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease are prevented by TSPO knockout 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.687784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 18kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is widely recognized as a biomarker of neuroinflammation, but recent evidence suggests that it may also play a direct role in the pathophysiology of neurological conditions with an inflammatory component such as Alzheimers disease (AD). In this study, we leveraged functional ultrasound imaging (fUSi) to assess how TSPO knockout influences brain activity and connectivity in the 3xTgAD mouse model of AD. Resting-state scans were performed in 16-month-old male and female mice across four genotypes: WT, TSPO-/-, 3xTgAD or 3xTgAD.TSPO-/-. Using a data-driven approach, we identified key functional networks, including a bilateral hippocampal-amygdala limbic network. Dual regression analysis revealed increased engagement of the ventral hippocampus within the limbic network and elevated hemodynamic variance in 3xTgAD mice compared to WT. Moreover, co-activation patterns (CAPs) analysis showed abnormal activation/deactivation cycles involving the dorsal hippocampus, both of which were prevented by TSPO knockout without affecting amyloid or tau burden. Our findings highlight a functional role for TSPO in shaping network dynamics and suggest that its deletion can mitigate brain dysfunction in AD models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vidal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badina, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorogan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schirmbeck, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanches, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceyzeriat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoop, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abjean, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsartsalis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sizonenko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baud, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zerbi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tournier, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.11.687784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Minute- and second-scale hippocampal network dysfunctions in the 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease are prevented by TSPO knockout]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A self-organizing single-cell morphology circuit optimizes Podophrya collini predatory trap structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular structure self-organizes through an interplay between internal mechanisms and external cues. In predatory ciliates, structures that capture prey obtain the resources needed for their construction, creating feedback between environmental inputs and morphological outputs. Here, we describe a self-organizing single-cell morphology circuit that adaptively optimizes the predatory trap structure of the suctorian Podophrya collini. These trap structures ensnare large cellular targets using an array of straw-like tentacles that siphon out prey cytoplasm upon contact with their tips. We find that trap architecture scales anisotropically, favoring tentacle number over length, to construct traps that maximize capture probability for the resources on hand. Drug perturbations, transcriptomics, proteomics, and expansion microscopy define distinct molecular and structural requirements that regulate trap structure maintenance and tentacle biogenesis. We integrate these findings into a mathematical model that explains the adaptive scaling of the trap and that makes predictions we confirm experimentally. More broadly, this circuits architecture provides a general-purpose control logic for organizing the number and size of sub-cellular structures applicable to other natural and engineered cellular systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazurkiewicz, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrissey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeks, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coyle, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.688106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A self-organizing single-cell morphology circuit optimizes Podophrya collini predatory trap structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.13.687818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mycobacterial surface shedding drives bystander cells response during early intracellular infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.13.687818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacteria possess a complex cell envelope whose outermost layer plays an underexplored role in host-pathogen interactions. Using Dictyostelium discoideum as a model host phagocyte, we show that Mycobacterium marinum rapidly sheds its envelope components, including surface proteins, carbohydrates, and virulence-associated lipids, within minutes of uptake. Shed material is actively trafficking within host endocytic pathways and disseminates to neighboring bystander cells, where it accumulates and triggers several responses. Notably, bystander cells exposed to shed material exhibit a transient delay in G1/S cell cycle progression, an activation of membrane damage-response pathways, and an enhanced resistance to subsequent mycobacterial infection. These phenotypes are recapitulated by infection-free conditioning with purified envelope extracts, demonstrating that superficial components of the envelope alone are sufficient to modulate host cell responses. Moreover, this priming effect is independent of bacterial viability or the Esx-1 secretion systems, underscoring the intrinsic immunomodulatory capacity of the envelope. Interestingly, bacteria that lose their outer layer are more frequently ubiquitinated, suggesting that host-driven stripping exposes molecules that are recognized by cytosolic sensors to mount a cell-autonomous defense. Together, our findings reveal that mycobacterial envelope shedding is a widespread, early event during intracellular infection that impacts both infected and bystander cells. These findings suggest that mycobacterial outermost envelope components can influence host cell physiology and contribute to early innate immune modulation, with implications for understanding the initial determinants of infection outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Amico, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raykov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foulon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.13.687818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mycobacterial surface shedding drives bystander cells response during early intracellular infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A two-component system signaling hub controls enterococcal membrane remodeling in response to daptomycin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Daptomycin is a last resort antibiotic used to treat vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections, but daptomycin resistance (DAPR) arises quickly during treatment. Resistance is due to sequential acquisition of point mutations in the two-component system LiaFSR and in cardiolipin synthases and is associated with alteration of phospholipid and glycolipid membrane composition. The molecular mechanisms underlying these lipid changes are currently unknown. Similarly, it is unclear why mutations in liaFSR occur prior to mutations in cls. We discovered that Enterococcus faecalis remodels membrane composition as a phenotypic response to daptomycin that parallels the membrane composition of DAPR strains. The enrichment in glycolipids that follows antibiotic exposure is due to LtaS1, the main LTA synthase of E. faecalis. Moreover, LtaS1 activity is governed by a network of two-component systems formed by LiaFSR, SapRS, and BsrRS that couple antibiotic sensing with membrane lipid remodeling. Together, our results provide a unifying mechanism that drives phenotypic membrane fortification in a Gram-positive pathogen which simultaneously predisposes the cell to acquire genetic high-level daptomycin resistance.

Significance StatementDaptomycin is the preferred alternative to treat vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus infections. However, the efficacy of daptomycin is limited by the acquisition of daptomycin resistance. Alterations in lipid membrane composition represent a conserved strategy to fortify the Gram-positive membrane. We discovered that E. faecalis phenotypically remodels membrane composition in response to daptomycin and that the enrichment in glycolipids is dependent on LTA synthesis. We expand our limited knowledge of enterococcal LTA synthases, confirming LtaS1 as the main LTA synthase and placing LTA biogenesis under control of a network of antibiotic-responsive two-component systems. Our work provides a molecular explanation for the sequential evolution of daptomycin resistance and may support the use of existing LtaS inhibitors to prevent acquisition of daptomycin resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colomer-Winter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chua, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazenave-Gassiot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chng, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.16.688641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A two-component system signaling hub controls enterococcal membrane remodeling in response to daptomycin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional feedback of Erk signaling waves in zebrafish scale regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regeneration requires long-range cellular coordination. In regenerating bony zebrafish scales, waves of activity of the Extracellular Receptor Related Kinase (Erk) induce growth of bone-forming tissue. Erk waves were proposed to result from an excitable system including feedback with Erk activators and inhibitors. Here, we characterize how Erk modulates its inhibitors, predicted to limit wave frequency and thus tissue growth. First, we found that Erk waves can form spirals, signature of excitable systems, and exhibit refractory behavior compatible with Erk inhibitors following Erk waves. Using a newly developed single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) technique for whole scales, we discovered that Erk waves induce trailing transcript waves of the inhibitors dusp5, spry2 and spry4 through Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) responses. Furthermore, we discovered that Erk waves modulate transcription of the gene osterix, which controls maturation of bone-forming cells. This reveals a transcriptionally-encoded mechanism that couples Erk wave dynamics, and thus tissue growth, with scale maturation during regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coudeville, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guyomar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allamand, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voigt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Simone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.19.689292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional feedback of Erk signaling waves in zebrafish scale regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of the pulse artifact on evoked activity in human wakefulness and sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The investigation of the neural evoked response to the heartbeat quantified using electroencephalography (i.e., heartbeat evoked potentials or HEPs), has gained recent attention in neuroscience, notably as a measure of interoception, the sensory system responding to internal bodily states. One main challenge in measuring HEPs is their susceptibility to cardiac artifacts contamination, including the cardiac field artifact and the pulse artifact (PA), the latter possibly caused by the mechanical pressure of pulsating vessels. Here, we aimed at assessing the impact of PAs on HEPs and auditory evoked potentials (AEPs, a proxy of the neural responses to exteroceptive sensory stimuli). To this aim, we compared two pre-processing pipelines using independent component analysis in healthy volunteers (N=30). The first, standard, pipeline excluded ocular, muscle, sweating-related activity and cardiac-related activity stemming from the cardiac field artifact. The second, pairwise phase consistency (PPC) pipeline, in addition to the removal of the aforementioned components, used the quantitative metric of PPC between independent components and the ECG to remove the cardiac-related PA. We tested how these two pre-processing approaches influenced HEPs and AEPs recorded under diverse neurophysiological conditions (wakefulness, N2, N3, and REM sleep). Comparing the HEPs from the standard and the PPC approaches (cluster-based permutation statistics, p<0.05, two-tailed) revealed a significant effect of PAs, particularly in wakefulness, followed by REM and N2 sleep, with Cohens d effect sizes of 1.92, 0.95 and 0.88, respectively. By contrast, PA correction had a negligible effect (p>0.05, two-tailed) on the HEPs in N3 sleep and on the AEPs in all vigilance states. Our results emphasize the need to account for the PA as a significant confounding factor when comparing HEPs across groups with varying vascular or cardiac conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cataldi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelentritou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Lucia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of the pulse artifact on evoked activity in human wakefulness and sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enterococcus faecium colonization and persistence in a model of diabetic wound infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic wound infections are a common comorbidity of diabetes mellitus and can progress to amputation if untreated, yet effective strategies to manage these infections are limited. Commensals such as Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus epidermidis can transition into opportunistic pathogens when host defenses are compromised, underscoring the complexity of chronic wound microbiology. E. faecium, particularly vancomycin-resistant strains, are an understudied, clinically important cause of chronic diabetic wound infections. Using a low-dose streptozocin-induced diabetic mouse model, we characterized E. faecium wound infection dynamics and identified differences in colonization and clearance compared to non-diabetic animals. At eight hours post infection (hpi), control mice exhibited higher E. faecium wound colony forming units (CFU) than diabetic mice, but cleared the infection more efficiently, resulting in similar CFU by 24 hpi. By contrast, diabetic mice showed impaired clearance, with elevated CFU persisting through 72 hpi. In mixed species infection with S. epidermidis, S. epidermidis CFU increased at 72 hpi while E. faecium CFU remained comparable to single species infection. Despite strong initial cytokine and neutrophil responses, E. faecium persisted in all wounds. Sustained neutrophil recruitment at 72 hpi occurred only in diabetic mice, whereas macrophage accumulation increased from 24 to 72 hpi in all wounds, including sterile controls. Histological analysis showed epithelial hyper-thickening in both groups, indicating that diabetes and E. faecium each contribute to impaired wound healing. This study establishes a diabetic mouse model of E. faecium wound infection and suggests that E. faecium modulates innate immune responses to persist in the wound bed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeyabalan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanoto, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antypas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, C. N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, R. T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pethe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocks, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enterococcus faecium colonization and persistence in a model of diabetic wound infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From Syllables to Words: EEG Evidence of Different Age Trajectories in Speech Tracking and Statistical Learning in Infants at High and Low Likelihood for Autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Delayed onset of canonical babbling and first words is often reported in infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Identifying the neural mechanisms underlying language acquisition in ASD is therefore critical to inform early diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention strategies. In this study, we investigated two speech processing mechanisms previously identified as atypical in children and adults with ASD: the neural ability to track syllables; and statistical learning (SL), the capacity to detect speech regularities beneath surface variability. We recorded 83 longitudinal high-density EEGs from 44 infants (2.5-22.6 months) at high (HL) and low (LL) likelihood for ASD and assessed their verbal outcomes at 20 months. Neural entrainment was measured at syllable and word frequencies during exposure to a multi-speaker stream of concatenated tri-syllabic words, followed by a word recognition test using ERP recording. Our findings revealed reduced tracking abilities at the syllabic level in HL infants, a measure that correlated with verbal outcomes. While HL infants did not exhibit deficits in SL itself, they displayed reduced novelty orientation during the word recognition test, indicated by a reduced late ERP. By contrast, multi-talker variability temporarily disrupted word segmentation around 12 months in LL infants, but not in HL infants, potentially reflecting decreased sensitivity to human voices in the HL group. These results emphasize the importance of longitudinal protocols employing online, implicit measures to track the hierarchical stages of speech processing in both HL and LL infants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Godel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehaene-Lambertz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From Syllables to Words: EEG Evidence of Different Age Trajectories in Speech Tracking and Statistical Learning in Infants at High and Low Likelihood for Autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A divergent Plasmodium NEK4 acts as a key regulator driving the early events of meiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiosis is a conserved yet evolutionarily varied process underpinning sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. In the malaria parasite Plasmodium, meiosis is unconventional: it occurs immediately after fertilisation (post-zygotic) and must be coordinated with the transformation of the zygote into a motile ookinete. The mechanisms synchronising these meiotic and morphogenetic programmes remain unknown. Here, we identify the Plasmodium berghei NIMA-related kinase NEK4 as a key regulator that couples meiotic initiation with zygote morphogenesis. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we show that NEK4 accumulates at the microtubule-organising centre (MTOC) and the apical polar complex (APC) shortly after fertilisation, preceding the assembly of perinuclear and cortical microtubules. We reveal that Plasmodium zygotes undergo MTOC-associated nuclear migration, analogous to the meiotic nuclear movement in fission yeast. Deletion of the Pbnek4 gene results in complete developmental arrest: MTOC duplication and microtubule formation are blocked, chromatin remains uncondensed, and nuclear migration and cell polarity fail to establish. Transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal that absence of NEK4 causes a collapse in transcriptional and phosphoregulatory networks governing meiosis and cytoskeletal organisation, leading to reduced expression and phosphorylation of important players, including HOP1, REC8, and AP2-O. These findings establish NEK4 as a key regulator driving meiotic entry and zygote maturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yanase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hair, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeeshan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquarello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottrill, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhanvadia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tromer, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Roch, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hainard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttery, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A divergent Plasmodium NEK4 acts as a key regulator driving the early events of meiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A geothermal amoeba sets a new upper temperature limit for eukaryotes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The study of temperature limits has transformed our knowledge of the boundaries of life but has been largely focused on bacteria and archaea. We isolated a novel geothermal amoeba, Incendiamoeba cascadensis, that divides at 63{degrees}C (145.4{degrees}F), establishing a new record for the upper temperature limit across all eukaryotes. We demonstrated cellular proliferation with growth experiments and visualized mitosis via expansion microscopy. Using high-temperature live-cell imaging, we quantified movement up to 64{degrees}C. We assembled the genome of I. cascadensis and using comparative genomics found an enrichment of genes related to proteostasis, genome stability, and sensing the external environment. Taken together, our findings challenge the current paradigm of temperature constraints on eukaryotic cells and reshape our understanding of where and how eukaryotic life can persist.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rappaport, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petek-Seoane, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyml, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labutti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niblo, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacVicar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Higuera, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lord, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukenik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stedman, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skruber, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullins, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliverio, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A geothermal amoeba sets a new upper temperature limit for eukaryotes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping high resolution, multidimensional phase diagrams of physiological protein condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless compartments, crucial for organising and regulating diverse cellular processes. Current approaches to study condensate biology either use simplified recombinant protein systems with limited physiological relevance, or complex live-cell models with restricted experimental control and scalability. Here, we present ExVivo PhaseScan, a droplet microfluidics platform that couples mammalian lysate-based reconstitution with scalable analysis to generate high-resolution phase diagrams of physiological protein condensates. We apply this approach to study two complex multicomponent condensate systems, stress granules and nucleoli, and dissect the physicochemical interactions that influence their stability. We further developed a machine learning pipeline to analyse condensate morphology which we use to reveal how mutations in the ALS-linked protein FUS remodels condensate phase landscapes. We identify liquid-to-solid transitions of mutant FUS within stress granules and nucleoli, and show that these transitions can be reversed by RNA aptamer-based interventions. Together, these findings establish ExVivo PhaseScan as a versatile tool for dissecting the physicochemical and pathological regulation of condensates, with potential to inform therapeutic strategies for diseases driven by aberrant phase transitions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneideris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svara, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jermakovs, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coyle, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qamar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kava, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scrutton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pleschka, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peres, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cereghetti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrzejewska, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Barreiro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa-Filho, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krainer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nixon-Abell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping high resolution, multidimensional phase diagrams of physiological protein condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enterococcus faecalis alters antibiotic susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa mixed species biofilms. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial infections often occur in polymicrobial biofilms where nutrient limitation and interspecies interactions can profoundly shape microbial physiology. Enterococcus faecalis can antagonize Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth under conditions of iron limitation, a known host defense mechanism. We report here that this growth antagonism uncovers surviving P. aeruginosa cells capable of surviving antibiotic challenge, including ampicillin, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin, when grown in iron-restricted biofilms with E. faecalis. Transcriptomic profiling of P. aeruginosa revealed a distinctive response characterized by broad downregulation of biosynthetic, metabolic, and virulence pathways, alongside selective induction of membrane remodeling proteins, transport systems, and biofilm-associated genes. Induction of arnT in P. aeruginosa, required for lipid A modification, correlated with enhanced antibiotic survival to ampicillin, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin. Additionally, the diguanylate cyclase SiaD and efflux transporter MfsC in P. aeruginosa were implicated in decreased antibiotic susceptibility to the same antibiotics above. This transcriptional response was unique to the dual stress of iron deprivation and microbial competition with E. faecalis, illustrating how interspecies interactions can simultaneously inhibit and protect P. aeruginosa, shedding light on potential persistence mechanisms in iron-limited polymicrobial environments.

IMPORTANCEThis study addresses antibiotic susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major opportunistic ESKAPE pathogen, within polymicrobial biofilms and under host-relevant iron-restricted conditions. Polymicrobial biofilm-associated infections are notoriously difficult to treat due to complex interspecies interactions and increased antibiotic resistance. We demonstrate that Enterococcus faecalis not only antagonizes P. aeruginosa growth under iron limitation but also induces a unique transcriptional profile enhancing P. aeruginosa survival during antibiotic challenge. This shift involves broad transcriptional reprogramming in P. aeruginosa, characterized by global metabolic downregulation and activation of envelope remodeling pathways, including the arn operon. These findings reveal how interspecies interactions under iron stress can both suppress and protect bacterial pathogens and underscore the importance of considering community context in treatment strategies for persistent infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anderson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattenberger, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parga Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portalier, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteban Henao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollier, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enterococcus faecalis alters antibiotic susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa mixed species biofilms.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redefining the role of the Plasmodium heme detoxification protein: From hemozoin formation to mitochondrial protein synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Throughout their intraerythrocytic development, malaria parasites digest up to 80% of the host cells hemoglobin within a specialized degradative compartment known as the digestive vacuole. This process releases heme, which is detoxified by sequestration into bioinert hemozoin crystals. Although heme biomineralization is essential for blood-stage survival and a validated drug target, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Initially identified as a potent inducer of {beta}-hematin crystallization in vitro, the parasites Heme Detoxification Protein (HDP) has been proposed to execute a similar role in the formation of hemozoin crystals in cellulo. Here, we investigate the function of HDP in live Plasmodium falciparum parasites, integrating experimental genetic approaches with quantitative microscopy, cellular bioenergetics and whole-proteome profiling. Endogenous tagging revealed that HDP localizes to the mitochondrion rather than the digestive vacuole. Conditional inactivation of HDP resulted in a gradual loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, preceding developmental arrest. Bypassing the essential role of the respiratory chain in pyrimidine biosynthesis - either through exogenous electron acceptors or expression of a ubiquinone-independent dihydroorotate dehydrogenase - rescued HDP-deficient parasites, indicating a role in maintaining respiratory chain activity. Consistent with this, electron flow through complex IV was abolished in rescued HDP-null parasites, rendering them hypersensitive to proguanil, an antimalarial that synergizes with respiratory chain inhibitors. We found that loss of HDP leads to a marked reduction of complexes III and IV, whose integrity depends on mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Integration of quantitative proteomic data with structure-guided homology modelling supports a role for HDP as part of the large mitoribosomal subunit at the inter-subunit contact site. By contrast, HDP loss did not affect the quantity of hemozoin or other heme species, crystal morphology, or sensitivity to the hemozoin-targeting drug chloroquine. Together, these findings challenge previous models linking HDP to hemozoin formation and instead reveal an essential role for HDP in mitochondrial protein biosynthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarrazin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloehn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziesmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandtmann, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domenech-Eres, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholz-Hoehn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Distler, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redefining the role of the Plasmodium heme detoxification protein: From hemozoin formation to mitochondrial protein synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.691040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An inositol pyrophosphate interaction screen provides insight into the regulation of plant casein kinase II 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.691040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are key nutrient messengers in plants, but their protein receptors remain poorly defined. Using a systems-level affinity screen with biotinylated InsP, InsP, and InsP in Arabidopsis thaliana, we identify multiple conserved PP-InsP-interacting complexes involved in mRNA metabolism, translation, and cell signaling, including the nuclear -subunits of casein kinase II (CK2). The CK2 subunit AtCKA1 associates with the PP-InsP kinase AtVIH2, and its 1.9 [A] crystal structure with InsP6 reveals two conserved PP-InsP binding sites located in the N-and C-terminal lobes. AtCKA1 binds InsP6, InsP7, and InsP8 with micromolar affinity. Mutation of both binding sites in the AtCKA6xmut mutant abolishes PP-InsP binding in vitro. AtCKA6xmut partially rescues the flowering phenotype of ck2a1/2/3 mutants, and equivalent mutations inactivate the yeast orthologs ScCka1 and ScCka2. InsP6 competitively inhibits phosphorylation of canonical CK2 substrates by occupying a basic substrate-binding groove. Although incorporating {beta}-subunits strongly enhances the phosphorylation of substrates by the AtCK2 holoenzyme, ck2b1/2/3/4 mutants exhibit only mild growth defects in Arabidopsis. In Marchantia, loss of the single ck2a gene severely impairs growth, whereas deletion of the {beta} subunit has no effect. Together, our findings suggest that InsP6/PP-InsPs modulate the activity of the isolated CK2 -subunit by regulating access to its substrate-binding site.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sturm, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pri-Tal, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rico-Resendiz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiedler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panse, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.691040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An inositol pyrophosphate interaction screen provides insight into the regulation of plant casein kinase II]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.28.690958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular basis for cellular compartmentalization by an ancient membrane fission mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.28.690958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of cell compartmentalization depends on membrane fission to create the endomembrane compartments. In eukaryotes, membrane fission is commonly executed by ESCRT-III, a protein complex conserved in all domains of life. However, whether membrane fission was an ancestral ESCRT-III activity predating eukaryogenesis remains unknown. Here we show that ESCRT-IIIA from Asgard Heimdallarchaeota, the closest archaeal relatives of eukaryotes, performs membrane fission through an N-terminal amphipathic helix, which we term Hofund. In eukaryotes, Hofund is fragmented across ESCRT-IIIA paralogs, and disrupting these regions causes severe fission defect in yeast. Remarkably, Heimdallarchaeota Hofund restores fission when fused to defective eukaryotic paralogs. These findings suggest that ESCRT-III-mediated fission arose before eukaryogenesis and later diversified to support the regulatory complexity of eukaryotic compartmentalization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Espadas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souza, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Arcos, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcuello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaksonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toret, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.28.690958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular basis for cellular compartmentalization by an ancient membrane fission mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.28.691194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aggressive Neuroblastomas Start Growing after Infancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.28.691194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In neuroblastoma, population screening during infancy failed to lower mortality because it primarily detected biologically indolent tumors rather than aggressive, life-threatening disease. The failure may reflect limited screening sensitivity, or disease onset after infancy among aggressive tumors. Here, we used an epigenetic mitotic clock based on fluctuating CpG DNA methylation to estimate patient-specific tumor mitotic ages and calendar ages in a cohort of unscreened children diagnosed with neuroblastoma. Aggressive cancers (stage 4) primarily started growing after the first year of life, making them undetectable by screening during infancy. In contrast, biologically more indolent tumors (stages 1, 2, 3 and 4S) often started growing in utero or during the first year of life, and affected children had better survival outcomes. Due to a short preclinical detectable phase of aggressive neuroblastomas, reducing mortality through screening is impractical as it would require frequent screening among older children. Patient-specific tumor-age estimation may help refine screening windows and improve early-detection strategies in other cancers where screening has so far failed to yield substantial mortality reductions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monyak, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holloway, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gumbert, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryser, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.11.28.691194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aggressive Neuroblastomas Start Growing after Infancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.28.691238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antibody peptide epitope conjugates for αPD-1 therapy-resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.28.691238v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Poor tumor antigenicity is an important cause of non-response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-therapy in many cancer patients and mandates new treatment strategies. Here we explore the use of proteolytically activated antibody-peptide epitope conjugates (APECs) to redirect the immunological effector activities of tumor-infiltrating antiviral bystander CTLs against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by loading cancer cell surface MHC I proteins with viral peptides. We find that inflationary T cell memory responses against common viral pathogens such as CMV and EBV unfold superior anti-tumor activity compared to conventional memory responses under APEC therapy in an ICB-resistant preclinical model of HNSCC. Mechanistically, APEC activation required cancer cell-intrinsic protease activity, even for proteases expressed by cells of the tumor stroma. Data mining and functional screening identified the protease activity of plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU) as widely shared between human HNSCC cancers and as a highly efficient proteolytic activator of APECs. Furthermore, peripheral blood analysis in HNSCC patients reliably predicts the specificity, magnitude, and quality of intratumoral bystander CTL, thus allowing for the screening of HNSCC patients who may benefit most from APEC therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shui, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millar, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altenburger, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chrisikos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalbfleisch, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hata, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadow, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faquin, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinot, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pittet, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobbold, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mempel, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.11.28.691238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antibody peptide epitope conjugates for αPD-1 therapy-resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.30.691163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple task-demands flexibly optimize neural geometry in human ventral temporal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.30.691163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A hallmark of human intelligence is the ability to perform multiple tasks immediately upon instruction. Yet, the neural processes that implement such flexibility remain unclear. Using intracranial electrophysiology in epilepsy patients, we examined how representational geometries evolve as participants switched among three tasks - individuation, categorization, and conceptualization - on a trial-by-trial basis. Although tasks differed in the required representational geometries, neural representations across cortex were not immediately optimized following task cues. Instead, task-tailored geometries emerged gradually over successive stimulus repetitions within a trial. Ventral temporal cortex was the only region to exhibit task-specific adjustments for all three tasks, dynamically transforming within- and between-category distances in line with task demands. Importantly, these gradual representational changes were behaviorally relevant, predicting trial-level performance. Our results show that behavioral flexibility is supported by incremental, task-dependent refinement of representational geometry already within sensory cortex - far earlier in the processing hierarchy than previously thought.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nigam, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos-Perez, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megevand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrone-Bertolotti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahane, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thesen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devinsky, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melloni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwiedrzik, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.11.30.691163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple task-demands flexibly optimize neural geometry in human ventral temporal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variation in cultural attitude, knowledge and individual motivational factors impact engagement and tool use in a field experiment in wild chimpanzees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691567v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cultural traditions shape how animals approach and solve problems. Previously, Ugandan chimpanzees (Pan trogodytes schweinfurthii), have engaged with the honey-trap experiment, an apparatus designed to mimic a beehive and provide ecological opportunities for tool use, relying on their cultural knowledge. Here, we presented chimpanzees from the Mwera South community, a newly habituated community in Bugoma Forest, with variations of the honey-trap experiment and compared their engagement to other Ugandan chimpanzee communities to investigate various aspects of cultural behaviour in animals. First, we wanted to test whether communities varied in cultural attitude towards a given food, and whether this attitude correlated with particular instrumental components of their cultural knowledge. Second, we were interested in analyzing individual variation across individuals within the same culture. Comparing individuals from Bugomas Mwera South (N=15), Budongos Sonso (N=34), and Kibales Kanyawara (N=14) communities, we found that the latter both exhibited higher engagement with the honey-trap, and a dedicated instrumental method, stick use, to obtain the honey. In contrast, Sonso and Mwera South chimpanzees appeared similar in lacking a cultural attitude towards honey, with no attached tool technique overall. Nevertheless, there were also strong inter-individual differences. Notably, some Mwera South chimpanzees displayed undescribed behavioural flexibility, using a range of tool behaviours including both stick and leaf tool use --a pattern never before documented in over a decade of honey-trap experiments. These results demonstrate that cultural attitudes toward resources constitute an additional layer to culture in addition to instrumental knowledge, and that the latter two coexist with individual motivational traits in influencing the realization of cultural behaviour.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mannion, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndora, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kugonza, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variation in cultural attitude, knowledge and individual motivational factors impact engagement and tool use in a field experiment in wild chimpanzees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.05.692564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redundancy masks functional specificity of SMARCD paralogs in neurodevelopment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.05.692564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SWI/SNF complex is an essential chromatin remodeler that regulates DNA accessibility during brain development. Through combinatorial assembly of subunits encoded by paralogous genes, SWI/SNF complexes form diverse assemblies across and even within cell types. Although paralogs provide functional redundancy, their mutation in neurodevelopmental disorders suggests specialized roles. Focusing on the core SMARCD subunits, we find that loss of individual paralogs SMARCD1 or SMARCD3 has no impact on cortical development, and even deletion of both paralogs SMARCD1/3 in mice causes only minimal cortical defects, reflecting strong compensatory mechanisms. In neuronal differentiation models, depletion of any combination of paralogs increases the abundance of remaining subunits through protein stabilization rather than transcriptional upregulation. Despite this redundancy, rapid degradation experiments reveal distinct gene regulatory programs for each paralog. In neurons, SMARCD3 uniquely controls oxidative phosphorylation through regulation of metabolic gene networks. Finally, we identify chromatin regulators and transcription factors that associate with SMARCD1- or SMARCD3-containing SWI/SNF complexes, likely conferring paralog-specific targeting. Our findings uncover a dual logic of redundancy and specialization regulating SWI/SNF activity, providing a mechanistic basis for the selective vulnerability of paralog genes in neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>So, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anselme, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, S. M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.05.692564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redundancy masks functional specificity of SMARCD paralogs in neurodevelopment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Refined shoulder kinematics via markerless bony landmark detection and acromial 3D shape using an RGB-D camera during hand-cycling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomechanical biofeedback has the potential to enhance rehabilitation by providing clinicians with objective evaluation of patient performances. As feedback systems often depend on expensive and sophisticated motion capture technologies, researchers explore computer vision-based alternatives. Existing methods suffer from substantial joint angle errors, particularly in the upper limb, and neglect the scapular movements. We developed an approach for detecting bony landmarks and performing refined upper-limb kinematics assessments using a single consumer-grade depth-sensing camera. Unlike other markerless methods, our model incorporates the scapula, offering comprehensive shoulder joint kinematics. Annotated images from eight participants were used to fine-tune a convolutional neural network, which was subsequently evaluated on a hand-cycling motion. Our method showed a strong agreement with a reference marker-based system, with 3D bony landmark detection errors averaging 5 mm. The resulting kinematics closely aligned with the reference system, maintaining acceptable joint angle errors ([~]6.3{degrees}). Furthermore, the algorithm could provide real-time bony landmark positions and joint kinematics at a rate of 50 Hz. This study highlights the potential of using a single consumer-grade depth-sensing camera combined with an acromial 3D-shape to accurately estimate upper-limb kinematics through bony landmark detection, paving the way for more accessible clinical assessments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceglia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulhaupt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moissenet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seoud, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.04.692368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Refined shoulder kinematics via markerless bony landmark detection and acromial 3D shape using an RGB-D camera during hand-cycling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.05.692536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Transferable and Robust Computational Framework for Class A GPCR Activation Free Energies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.05.692536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The activation of G-protein coupled receptors is involved in many bio-medically important cellular pathways. However, capturing it with molecular simulations is far from trivial as it requires capturing both local and global motions. We recently achieved this goal in a specific receptor (the {beta}1-adrenergic receptor, or ADRB1) by combining a multiple replica enhanced sampling approach with tailored collective variables. While that approach can be applied to other receptors, it would require a tedious and error-prone choice and refinement of the collective variables, and in particular of the main path-like variable. Herein, we introduce an effective and stream-lined evolved strategy for defining the CVs that reduces user intervention while still achieving a robust free energy convergence. We apply it to two apo-GPCRs of pharmacological relevance, ADRB1 and the {micro}-opioid receptor. In the first case we show that the reconstructed free energies agree with those obtained with the previous tailored approach, while for the {micro}-opioid receptor activation we gain novel biological insights. The proposed method can be easily applied to other class A GPCRs, paving the avenue to the systematic elucidation of the activation mechanisms of many crucial drug targets.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piasentin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frohlking, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.05.692536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Transferable and Robust Computational Framework for Class A GPCR Activation Free Energies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.692937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Attentional focus and emotion modulate voice recognition deficits in cerebellar stroke patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.692937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cerebellum, long regarded as a motor structure, is increasingly recognized for its role in higher-order cognitive and socio-emotional functions. Its contribution to vocal emotion decoding, however, remains insufficiently understood. While prior work has linked the cerebellum to attentional control and predictive coding, direct evidence for its role in modulating prosody recognition under explicit versus implicit attentional demands is lacking.

This study investigated how cerebellar stroke--controlled for time since stroke in months, and with an equal number of left- and right-lateralized lesions--alters vocal emotion processing depending on attentional focus. We aimed to disentangle sensory encoding and integration from decisional contributions of the cerebellum by combining behavioral analyses, drift diffusion modeling (DDM), and functional MRI in cerebellar stroke.

Fifteen patients with chronic, isolated cerebellar stroke and fifteen matched controls performed two tasks on vocal stimuli expressing anger, happiness, or neutrality. In the explicit task, participants categorized the expressed emotion; in the implicit task, they categorized speaker gender while ignoring emotional tone. Behavioral performance was analyzed using mixed-effects logistic regression and DDM (angle model). Functional MRI analyses included conventional contrasts as well as model-based regressors derived from behavioral and computational parameters.

Patients showed lower accuracy than controls, with deficits particularly pronounced in the explicit task. Performance also varied by emotion: gender recognition for angry voices (implicit processing) was relatively preserved, whereas happy and neutral voices were more vulnerable. Contrary to predictions, DDM parameters did not differ between groups. Instead, task effects dominated: implicit processing yielded higher drift rates, larger boundary separation, faster non-decision times, and stronger attentional focus compared to explicit recognition, suggesting that explicit evaluation imposes additional cognitive costs. At the neural level, patients recruited extended networks during explicit processing, including orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, anterior insula, and cerebellar lobule IX, alongside cerebello-cortical tracts. Implicit processing was associated with more restricted activations, particularly in frontal opercular and cerebellar regions (lobule IX). Model-based analyses further revealed that successful categorization in patients relied on the left inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and pre-supplementary motor area, although these effects were not significant when controlling for time since stroke.

Our findings demonstrate that the cerebellum does not primarily shape decision dynamics but optimizes sensory representations of prosodic cues for downstream evaluation. When predictive tuning is compromised, patients maintain intact decision processes yet rely on compensatory cortical recruitment, particularly during explicit tasks. This pattern supports predictive coding accounts of cerebellar function in socio-emotional communication and highlights the need to consider subtle socio-affective deficits in cerebellar patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceravolo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiennon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Constantin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chassot, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomasson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sveikata, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cionca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrera, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandjean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.692937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Attentional focus and emotion modulate voice recognition deficits in cerebellar stroke patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CleLight: A scalable 3D histology pipeline for mappingneurodegenerative and psychiatric pathology in archivalhuman brains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mesoscopic brain imaging, enabled by advances in tissue clearing, light-sheet microscopy, and large-scale image processing, allows detailed analysis of cellular and molecular architecture across whole neural circuits. However, applying these methods to postmortem human brain tissue is hindered by strong autofluorescence, high tissue density, and fixation-induced damage. We introduce CleLight, a light-enhanced clearing method that increases tissue transparency while quenching autofluorescence. Combined with complementary chemical treatments, CleLight supports multiplexed immunolabeling and high-resolution imaging of centimeter-thick, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human brain sections. It is compatible with a wide range of antibodies and fluorescent dyes, enabling the visualization of physiological and pathological features across diverse CNS regions in healthy and diseased samples. CleLight offers a simple, robust, and scalable workflow for clearing, deep labeling, and volumetric imaging of human brain tissue. Its compatibility with conventional histology and archival material makes it well suited for organ-wide pathological studies in large patient cohorts and historical brain collections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jorda-Siquier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Policet-Betend, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pages, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovari, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamy, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.10.693496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CleLight: A scalable 3D histology pipeline for mappingneurodegenerative and psychiatric pathology in archivalhuman brains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human POLD3 coordinates leading and lagging strand in Mitotic DNA Synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deregulation of origin firing and licensing, shortage of deoxyribonucleotides in the cell and interference between transcription and replication are among the causes of DNA replication stress in cancer cells. This leads in various ways (notably, through common fragile sites expression and incomplete replication of late-replicating genomic regions during S phase) to the necessity of finishing DNA replication in mitosis by a mechanism called Mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS), which is related to Break-Induced Replication (BIR). Even if it is of primary importance for cancer cells, the molecular mechanism of MiDAS, and generally of BIR, is not yet well understood. Recently, the third subunit of the eukaryotic DNA polymerase delta (POLD3) has been recognized as a key player of BIR, though its role is not yet clear. In this work, using a protocol established in our group to map at high resolution newly replicated DNA at MiDAS sites, we provide new insights into the molecular role of POLD3 in this repair mechanism. In particular, by analyzing MiDAS in mutant HeLa clones lacking the PCNA-interacting domain of POLD3, we demonstrate that the interaction between POLD3 and PCNA is required for coordinating leading and lagging strand synthesis in MiDAS. This work represents an important step forward towards the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms of Mitotic DNA synthesis, the full understanding of which is of primary importance for the possible development of novel cancer therapies targeting BIR-related pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turati, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dionellis, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tropia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halazonetis, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.15.694317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human POLD3 coordinates leading and lagging strand in Mitotic DNA Synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of cellular cortical tension and shape by RhoGTPase signalling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shape changes are ubiquitous in biology, from cytokinesis at the single cell scale to tissue-scale morphogenesis involving coordinated changes in hundreds of cells. In all cases, morphogenesis is powered by gradients in mechanical tension that arise downstream of signalling. Many pathways converge on RhoGTPases that modulate the cytoskeleton and cell contractility to control cell mechanics and, subsequently, shape. Despite their physiological importance, we lack a quantitative understanding of how changes in signalling alter cortical mechanics to drive cell shape change. Here, we use optogenetics to quantitatively characterise the relationship between the amount of RhoGEF localised to the membrane, the downstream myosin recruitment, and the subsequent mechanical changes. We then show that cortical myosin amount and cortical tension increase linearly with the amount of membranous RhoGEF signalling. Based on these data, we develop a predictive model of the temporal evolution of RhoGEF membrane localisation, cortical myosin enrichment, and cortical tension in response to a pulse of light. Using this model together with an active surface model of the cell cortex, we show that the cellular shape changes induced by localised optogenetic recruitment of RhoGEF signalling can be predicted, directly linking gradients in signalling to shape change.

Significance statementShape changes are ubiquitous in biology, during division in single cells and in tissue during embryogenesis. In all cases, shape change is powered by gradients in mechanical tension that arise downstream of changes in biochemical signals. Despite their importance, we lack a quantitative understanding of how changes in signals alter cell mechanics to drive cell shape change. Here, we control the location and amount of biochemical signal using light to quantitatively characterise the relationship between signals and their resulting biological and mechanical changes. We show that mechanical change scales linearly with the amount of biochemical signal. Based on this, we develop a mathematical model that predicts cell mechanical and shape changes from the location and amount of biochemical signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bohec, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoromskaia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelkar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferber, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duprez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavoie, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charras, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.15.694413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of cellular cortical tension and shape by RhoGTPase signalling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional architecture of cardiac TF regulatory landscapes in control of mammalian heart development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common human birth defect, often results from disruptions in gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that control cardiac lineage specification and cell type identity during heart development. A conserved core set of cardiac transcription factors (TFs) orchestrates these processes through combinatorial interactions that are cell type-specific and tightly regulated across space and time. However, the genomic enhancer architecture that integrates upstream effectors to establish precise cardiac TF dosage and downstream transcriptional output remains largely unresolved. Here, we assessed the functional necessity of five developmental heart enhancer modules previously linked to the regulation of Gata4 and Hand2, core cardiac TFs exhibiting overlapping roles in myocardial and endocardial development. While individual enhancer deletions in mouse embryonic hearts revealed a surprising degree of transcriptional resilience, a subset of Gata4 enhancers proved indispensable for embryonic progression in a genetically compromised background. To achieve higher precision in cardiac cell type-specific enhancer prediction, we applied single-nucleus multiome profiling, enabling the delineation of cardiac cistromes underlying heart morphogenesis. By integrating this resource with deep learning applications, site-directed transgenesis, and chromatin conformation modeling, we mapped the cardiac enhancer repertoire and regulatory signatures that orchestrate Hand2 dynamics across distinct cardiac compartments and lineages. Genome editing further revealed an essential role for the Hand2-upstream regulatory interval (H2-URI) in transcriptional control of endocardial lineage effectors and, consequently, trabecular network formation and cardiac cushion patterning. Together our findings highlight substantial resilience in the cis-regulatory architectures governing cardiac TF dynamics and demonstrate that combinatorial integration of upstream lineage identities across modular enhancer landscapes establishes the cardiac cell type-specific programs driving heart morphogenesis. These results advance the reconstruction of cardiac GRNs and enhance the functional interpretation of CHD-associated variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roland, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuechler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisnumurti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tissieres, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamart, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouco Garcia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akshay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rapp, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannion, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiyama, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashemi Gheinani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firulli, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nusspaumer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firulli, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercader, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Rios, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barozzi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osterwalder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional architecture of cardiac TF regulatory landscapes in control of mammalian heart development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.695377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nose-to-ground distance drives the evolution of mammalian odorant receptor repertoire size 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.695377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The largest protein-coding gene family in mammals encodes the repertoire of chemosensors responsible for detecting odorants, namely odorant receptors (ORs). OR gene numbers vary widely across species, ranging from a few hundred in some primates to over two thousand in elephants. Here, we report that proximity to the ground, a rich source of olfactory cues, has broadly influenced the evolutionary expansion and contraction of OR mammalian repertoires. Analyzing 158 terrestrial mammalian species, we find a strong inverse correlation between nose-to-ground distance and the number of functional OR genes. In contrast, no significant association was found between nose-to-ground distance and the size of other chemoreceptor families, including vomeronasal and bitter-taste receptors. As a case study, we examined OR repertoire divergence between giraffe and okapi lineages, revealing that differential rates of gene duplication and pseudogenization resulted in giraffes possessing 25% fewer ORs than okapis. Together, our findings suggest that the chemical complexity of the olfactory environment has shaped the evolution of OR repertoires, providing new insights into gene family size and diversification in mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tuberosa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furlan, F.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carleton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.695377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nose-to-ground distance drives the evolution of mammalian odorant receptor repertoire size]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.696156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Introducing a translationally relevant mouse model of radiosurgery-induced unilateral hearing loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.696156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is widely used to treat vestibular schwannomas but may cause irreversible hearing loss due to cochlear toxicity. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and no effective otoprotective therapies exist. We aimed to establish a mouse model that replicates the clinical pattern of radiation-induced hearing loss.

MethodsC57BL/6J mice (n=31) received 8 Gy (n=3), 16 Gy (n=5), 24 Gy (n=8), or 32 Gy (n=15) using the Leksell Gamma Knife ICON system. Targeting was based on the built-in cone-beam CT, co-registered with MRI and CT-based mouse atlases, to guide unilateral cochlea targeting. A single isocenter was placed lateral to the right cochlea, with the 80% isodose line traversing its medial edge. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured at baseline and at 1 and 4 weeks post-SRS. A 32 Gy subgroup (n=7) was evaluated at 16 weeks. Histological analysis of cochleae was performed at 4 weeks in all groups and at 16 weeks in the long-term 32 Gy group.

ResultsSRS was well tolerated, and the contralateral cochlea received a very low radiation dose. No ABR shifts were observed at 8 or 16 Gy, with only minimal histological changes. At 32 Gy, ABR threshold shifts at 22.6 and 32 kHz were evident by week 1 and worsened by week 4. Similar but milder effects occurred at 24 Gy. In the 32 Gy long-term subgroup, hearing loss progressed across all frequencies, most severely at high frequencies, alongside a sustained wave I amplitude decline. At 32 Gy, outer hair cells were reduced by 14% and 44% at 32 and 45.2 kHz, respectively, at 4 weeks, and by 38% and 80% at 16 weeks. Ribbon synapses were mildly reduced at 4 weeks and more markedly at 16 weeks in corresponding high-frequency regions. Spiral ganglion neuron density was mildly reduced at the basal and middle turns. All reported changes were statistically significant when compared to the contralateral ear.

ConclusionsThis new model reproduces key features of SRS-induced cochlear toxicity, including unilateral, dose-dependent, and progressive hearing loss. It thus provides a valuable platform for investigating mechanisms and testing otoprotective strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daskalou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rousset, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sgroi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberhauser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiran, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuleasca, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jelescu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levivier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.696156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Introducing a translationally relevant mouse model of radiosurgery-induced unilateral hearing loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.24.696333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine drives a positive reward bias on human reinforcement learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.24.696333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Formal theories of reinforcement learning (RL) prescribe a clearly defined function for dopamine, namely modulating learning via reward prediction errors (RPEs). Yet, empirical evidence in humans remains scarce, and recent advances introducing noisy RL cast doubt on a simple one-to-one mapping between neurotransmitters and computational mechanisms. Here, we detail a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised pharmacological study using the dopamine precursor L-DOPA, while healthy volunteers performed a volatile two-armed bandit task. Behaviourally, L-DOPA decreased switching behaviour following below-average rewards. Algorithmic RL modelling of human behaviour supported a dual effect of L-DOPA on the rate and precision of learning. By leveraging recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as implementational models of RL, we explain this dual effect through a single inference-time modulation, whereby L-DOPA triggers a positive reward bias at the input of the recurrent layer that implements RL. Our findings highlight a unifying mechanism at the implementation level that explain seemingly disparate algorithmic effects of dopamine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>zalta, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skvortsova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewitt, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moutoussis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nour, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Findling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, T. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyart, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.24.696333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine drives a positive reward bias on human reinforcement learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.26.696372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies progenitor dysfunction, inflammation and premature aging in ex vivo airway epithelium-derived from transplant recipients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.26.696372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pulmonary dysfunction is a common complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or lung transplantation (LT). Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), an alloimmune complication of transplantation, with complex pathophysiology, contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in these settings. We aimed to identify common epithelial features predisposing to BOS by comparing epithelia from HSCT and LT without BOS and non-transplant (NT) individuals.

We developed an ex vivo model of human airway epithelia (HAE) reconstituted from bronchial biopsies from 6 patients of each group. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified two distinct epithelial profiles among transplant recipients: one resembling NT epithelium and another displaying altered cellular composition and transcriptional signatures across basal, suprabasal, club and submucosal basal duct cells, which were even more pronounced in a patient who subsequently developed BOS. This latter subgroup exhibited dysregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TNF/NFB signaling and inflammatory pathways, suggesting impaired epithelial function. Moreover, these HAE demonstrated premature epithelial aging and increased expression of genes encoding damage associated molecular patterns.

Together, these findings indicate that epithelial abnormalities specific to certain transplant recipients may contribute to BOS development. Although causality cannot yet be definitively established, our data highlight the airway epithelium as a site of sustained post-transplant injury and reveal potential molecular mechanisms underlying BOS pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>bondeelle, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>bezrukov, f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>berra, g.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>chalandon, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>gensous, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>loison, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>giannotti, f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>messe, r.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Goff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>clement, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapparel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>bergeron, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.26.696372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies progenitor dysfunction, inflammation and premature aging in ex vivo airway epithelium-derived from transplant recipients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.29.696858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myeloid reprogramming by poly(I:C) recruits progenitor-exhausted CD8+ T cells and sensitizes rhabdoid tumors to PD-1 blockade 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.29.696858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune exclusion remains a major barrier to effective immunotherapy in solid tumors. Given the abundance and plasticity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in many tumors, including pediatric tumors, we investigated whether TLR3 activation could reprogram them to facilitate immune access. Single-cell and spatial profiling in a mouse model of rhabdoid tumors showed that they are dominated by TLR3-expressing TAMs, whose depletion delays tumor growth. Treatment with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) promotes immune cell infiltration, including progenitor-exhausted CD8+ T cells, by multiple mechanisms including the reduction and reprogramming of immunosuppressive TAMs, promoting nitric-oxide production by peritumoral macrophages, and inducing CXCL9/10 production. Combined poly(I:C) and PD-1 blockade elicited durable, complete tumor rejection. Human macrophages from tumor biopsies showed conserved TLR3 responsiveness, underscoring translational potential. These findings uncover a mechanism by which TLR3-driven myeloid reprogramming transforms immune-excluded tumors into checkpoint-responsive ones, revealing a therapeutic path to overcome resistance to PD-1 blockade.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manriquez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavada-Silva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccaria, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niborski, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leruste, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenbogaert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlik, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denizeau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesple, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fusilier, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesage L., L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerber-Ferder, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitte-Duval, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marziali, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mena-Osuna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosello-Boari, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouarich-Bourimi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacini, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Missolo-koussou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohec, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baulande, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaroch, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helft, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreau, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterfall, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourdeaut, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piaggio, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.29.696858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myeloid reprogramming by poly(I:C) recruits progenitor-exhausted CD8+ T cells and sensitizes rhabdoid tumors to PD-1 blockade]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.695943v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Puf3 contributes to changes in mRNA solubility, translation elongation dynamics at rare arginine codons and loss of protein homeostasis in cells lacking Not4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.695943v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Not proteins of the Ccr4-Not complex regulate translation elongation dynamics, essential for proper folding and assembly of new proteins. In yeast, ribosomes with non-optimal codons in the A-site are enriched within the pool of ribosomes bound by Not4 and Not5. Such ribosomes accumulate in cells lacking Not4 or Not5 that show defects in co-translational assembly and aggregation of new proteins. Recently we observed that depletion of Not1 and Not4 inversely regulate changes in mRNA solubility, correlating with inverse codon-specific changes in A-site ribosome dwelling occupancies (RDOs). Here we describe that mRNAs less soluble upon Not4 depletion are enriched for targets of the RNA-binding protein Puf3. We determine that Puf3 contributes to inverse changes of A-site RDOs upon Not1 and Not4 depletion, in particular at rare arginine codons, and it contributes to changes in mRNA solubility in not4{Delta}. Moreover, deletion of Puf3 suppresses temperature sensitivity and protein aggregation in the not4{Delta} strain, while overexpression of Puf3 is toxic. Puf3 post-translational modifications and the Puf3 interactome are altered in not4{Delta}. Taken together, our results associate alterations in Puf3 post-translational status and function, including contribution to translation elongation dynamics, with not4{Delta} mutant phenotypes.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=103 SRC="FIGDIR/small/695943v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (18K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@855afdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@118addaorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13dd015org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@12824c6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Collart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Audebert, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panasenko, O. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polte, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignatova, Z. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelechano, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.31.695943</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Puf3 contributes to changes in mRNA solubility, translation elongation dynamics at rare arginine codons and loss of protein homeostasis in cells lacking Not4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.02.697332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Glycosylation-Dependent Checkpoint Restrains Intestinal Intra-Epithelial Lymphocyte Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.02.697332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are abundant in the intestinal epithelium, where they maintain barrier integrity and provide immune defense. Because of their potent cytotoxic and effector potential, IEL activity must be tightly controlled to prevent tissue damage. However, the mechanisms that calibrate IEL responsiveness remain unclear. Here, we identify glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2 (Gcnt2) as a key restrainer of both natural and induced gut IEL. Among T cells, Gcnt2 is uniquely enriched in the intestine and partly dependent on retinoic acid signaling. GCNT2-mediated branched glycosylation marks IELs with signatures of tissue adaptation and reduced TCR responsiveness. Genetic ablation of Gcnt2 enhanced IEL degranulation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity upon stimulation, improving bacterial clearance and limiting infection-induced disease, yet predisposing mice to intestinal inflammation. Mechanistically, GCNT2-mediated glycosylation of CD45 reduced its phosphatase activity, thereby dampening TCR signaling and effector responses. Together, these findings reveal GCNT2 as a glycosylation-dependent checkpoint that fine-tunes IEL effector functions, uncovering a novel mechanism by which the intestinal immune system balances responsiveness and tolerance.

SummaryGCNT2-mediated I-branching glycosylation restrains IEL activation via glycosylating CD45
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bersier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evrard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caillon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chawla, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakken, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szodoray, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bousser, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Festjens, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrova, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemeille, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callewaert, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swamy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, S. M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becattini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.02.697332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Glycosylation-Dependent Checkpoint Restrains Intestinal Intra-Epithelial Lymphocyte Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MyoL-Dependent Coupling of Preconoidal Rings to Conoid Is Required for Motility in Toxoplasma gondii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Apicomplexan parasites are unified by their apical complex, a structure of cytoskeletal elements and secretory organelles. At its core lies the conoid, made of spiraling tubulin fibers essential for parasite motility and invasion. In Toxoplasma gondii, conoid extrusion and retraction through the apical polar ring is powered by Myosin H, ultimately regulating gliding motility. The conoid is capped by three preconoidal rings (PCRs), critical for extrusion and motility as they anchor formin 1, which produces filamentous actin needed for both processes.

We demonstrate here that PCR composition and stability differ between daughter and mature cells and that Pcr2 and Pcr3 adopt a half-ring localization. The non-functional head containing Myosin-like protein MyoL, a previously unrecognized PCR component, is essential for gliding motility and invasion. Its depletion partially detaches PCRs from the conoid, highlighting its role as a mechanical tether. Targeted mutagenesis identifies the neck and tail regions of MyoL as critical for localization and function. Together, these findings illuminate the architecture and functional organization of the PCR in T. gondii, a structure conserved across several Apicomplexa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tell i Puig, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dos Santos Pacheco, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maco, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati-Favre, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MyoL-Dependent Coupling of Preconoidal Rings to Conoid Is Required for Motility in Toxoplasma gondii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SLBP-independent control of maternal histone mRNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication-dependent (RD) histones are crucial for packaging newly replicated DNA into chromatin, ensuring genome stability. In metazoans, the mRNA of RD histones is uniquely regulated through a conserved 3' stem-loop bound by stem-loop binding protein (SLBP). This allows cell cycle-coupled regulation of these important transcripts. However, oocytes must stabilise histone mRNAs independently of the cell cycle to ensure maternal loading to support the first embryonic divisions. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we discovered an SLBP-independent mechanism that ensures RD histone transcript stability during oogenesis. This is mediated by the protein complex PETISCO, bound to the effector protein TOST-1, which directly binds the histone stem-loop region and maintains maternal histone mRNA levels during oogenesis and early embryogenesis. Loss of this mechanism disrupts histone homeostasis, leading to premature genome activation, mitotic defects, and embryonic lethality. Interestingly, the same complex, PETISCO, acts in piRNA biogenesis when bound to the effector PID-1, revealing an intriguing co-option of this histone mRNA homeostasis mechanism by the piRNA pathway. Our findings reveal a unique SLBP-independent mechanism of histone mRNA regulation, that served as a basis for the evolution of a novel piRNA biogenesis mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ketting, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaney, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seistrup, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podvalnaya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govind, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brehm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereirinha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SLBP-independent control of maternal histone mRNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracing the Neanderthal-Modern Human hybrid zone using paleogenomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697899v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interbreeding between closely related lineages is a pervasive evolutionary feature across taxa1, including modern humans, who admixed with Neanderthals and other archaic hominins2,3. Identifying where gene flow between these lineages happened can shed light on ecological and adaptive contexts in which introgressed genes were acquired. However, mapping ancient hybrid zones is challenging because post-admixture population dynamics obscure their genetic signatures. Here, we determine the conditions under which spatial patterns of introgressed DNA in ancient genomes allow the inference of the geographic location of past hybridization events during population expansions. Using computational simulations, we identify the conditions under which introgression-based statistics provide informative signals about past hybridization events. We show that the mean genomic proportion of introgressed DNA, which can be readily calculated from low-coverage ancient genomes, reveals a cline that increases with distance from the population expansion source until reaching the hybrid zone boundary and persists over time. Comparison with empirical Neanderthal introgression distribution from an extended Eurasian paleogenomic dataset supports a prolonged admixture pulse extending far beyond the Levant in western Eurasia. Our findings highlight the power of paleogenomics to reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of species interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Di Santo, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quilodran, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerrito, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracing the Neanderthal-Modern Human hybrid zone using paleogenomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic S-acylation controls CMG2 maturation, extracellular matrix regulation, and anthrax toxin entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CMG2/ANTXR2 functions as a Collagen VI receptor and the primary portal for anthrax toxin entry. We find that CMG2 is regulated by ordered cycles of S-acylation and deacylation throughout its life cycle. Following synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, acylation by ZDHHC7 on two juxtamembrane cysteines protects folding intermediates from ER-associated degradation, resulting in a 5-fold increase in CMG2 biogenesis. The cytosolic thioesterase APT2 can remove these acyl chains, thereby controlling CMG2 levels. In the Golgi, CMG2 acylation by ZDHHC3 on a third cysteine to permit Arf6-dependent transport to the plasma membrane. At the cell surface, S-acylated CMG2 recruits APT2 in response to ligand binding, enabling release from the actin cytoskeleton and endocytosis. Accordingly, blocking APT2 suppresses the intracellular delivery of anthrax toxin, and inhibits CMG2-dependent Collagen VI degradation. These results define S-acylation-deacylation cycles as key regulators of CMG2 biogenesis and function, and highlight APT2 inhibition as a strategy to modulate CMG2 levels or prevent anthrax intoxication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abrami, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaskovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joliot, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>mesquita, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Goot, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic S-acylation controls CMG2 maturation, extracellular matrix regulation, and anthrax toxin entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.698140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A teichoic acid-like wall modification associated with immune suppression is socially regulated in Streptococcus pyogenes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.698140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a human-restricted pathogen with a range of clinical manifestations and worldwide prevalence. The GAS Rgg2/Rgg3 quorum sensing (QS) system, a cell-to-cell communication network, modifies the cell surface resulting in increased lysozyme resistance, biofilm formation, and expression of the qim operon that is responsible for modulation of innate immune responses in macrophages. The operon encodes 10 genes with predicted homology to enzymes involved in bacterial cell surface-associated carbohydrate and teichoic acid biosynthesis pathways. Comparing extracts of GAS cell wall polysaccharides between wildtype and operon mutants determined that the QS-induced genes modify the S. pyogenes cell surface by adding a wall teichoic acid-like moiety of N-acetylglucosamine-linked ribitol (GlcNAc-Rbo). A fluorescently labeled phage receptor-binding protein, RBP-13-GFP, that recognizes GlcNAc-decorated ribitol phosphate repeats, bound to the GAS surface only when qim expression was induced. Deletion of the qim operon eliminated RBP-13-GFP binding, diminished bacterial colonization, and significantly attenuated GAS pathogenesis in a murine skin infection model. These findings indicate that GAS has evolved a strategy to evade innate immune response by presenting a previously unknown carbohydrate moiety upon quorum sensing.

IMPORTANCEStreptococcus pyogenes is a major human pathogen, responsible for diverse clinical manifestations of both superficial and invasive infections and can lead to post-infection sequelae like rheumatic heart disease whose prevalence on a global scale rivals the most serious pathogens. Invasive S. pyogenes infections are currently on the rise worldwide, notably correlating with increasing pediatric cases of scarlet fever and enhancing the concern for long term complications. There is much that remains unknown about S. pyogenes virulence and pathogenicity, and studies focused on understanding basic systems regulating virulence factors could lead to better therapeutics and translational research. We show here one such example, where a bacterial communication system regulating a virulence mechanism relevant to in vivo infection confers the ability to alter the host innate immune response. We find that modifications to the cell wall arise when this virulence system is activated that has a direct role in host-pathogen interactions. Further research into this system could provide a mechanism for disruption and serve to treat S. pyogenes infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anderson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkening, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keys, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebert, M.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinsli, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krusche, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loessner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldstein, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peschel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horswill, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Federle, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.07.698140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A teichoic acid-like wall modification associated with immune suppression is socially regulated in Streptococcus pyogenes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.694977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emotional modulation of visual cortical reactivation during true and false memories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.694977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous research revealed that memory retrieval is associated with a reactivation of sensory cortices reflecting the content of the memory. Further, such reactivation is stronger when retrieval is cued with emotional information as compared with neutral information. However, past studies focused on correct retrieval, and it remains unknown whether a similar reactivation occurs during memory errors, and whether this is enhanced in emotional contexts. Here, we hypothesized that emotion may influence memory errors due to an increase of sensory cortical reactivation at the cost of recovering episodic details (i.e. leading to incorrect retrieval of non-specific associations shared with other cues).

We compared brain activations during successful memory retrieval and memory errors in 18 healthy participants who encoded unique negative or neutral scenes paired with one of four associated faces, shared with other trials. Participants were tested the next day with a scene-cued associative retrieval test, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results from a face-responsive region of interest in fusiform cortex (unlike a control place-responsive region in parahippocampal cortex) showed stronger activation for both Hits ("Old" | Target) and False Alarms ("Old" | Foil), as compared with Misses ("New" | Target) and Correct Rejections ("New" | Foil). The emotional content of scene cues did not modulate activation patterns during correct retrieval but produced specific effects on Misattribution errors (incorrect "Old" | Target, i.e., retrieval of an incorrect face cued by a previously seen scene). Specifically, Misattributions were accompanied by increased fusiform activation comparable to Hits when cued by negative scenes, but low fusiform activation similar to Misses when cued by neutral scenes. Unlike Misattributions, however, Hits cued by emotional information recruited a distinctive network previously linked to personal episodic memories, including medial prefrontal, cingulate, and hippocampal regions, together with enhanced functional coupling between the latter and fusiform cortex. No implicit effect of previous face exposure was observed in the fusiform during Misses, regardless of emotion context.

Our results suggest that the reactivation of sensory areas follows subjective memory experience during retrieval, and that emotion can enhance such mechanism when the cue is recognized but detailed episodic memory mediated by fronto-hippocampal circuits is absent, leading to the retrieval of inappropriate associations and false memories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hofstetter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riegel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igloi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.08.694977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emotional modulation of visual cortical reactivation during true and false memories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.09.698579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Love-thy-neighbor: Neural networks for tracking and lineage tracing in budding yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.09.698579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tracking and lineage tracing are widely needed tasks in biological image analysis. For cells that grow and divide, tracking is challenging because cells change in number, shape, and size throughout a recording. As the time interval between images increases, it becomes more difficult to establish correspondences between cells across timepoints. Consequently, tracking has to be performed between consecutive or temporally close images, which leads to exponentially decreasing tracking accuracy and thus high sensitivity to error rates. For budding yeast, this challenge is further heightened by the similarity of cells in colonies, their dense packing, the asymmetric nature of cell divisions, and movement due to growth of the colony. A related task, lineage tracing, is similarly challenging without fluorescent markers due to multiple potential mother cells surrounding a new daughter cell. Here, we present neural networks for budding yeast tracking and lineage tracing, named LYN-track and LYN-trace, respectively. These methods leverage fine geometric features of cells and their neighborhoods. To train and test the algorithms, we recorded and annotated new budding and fission yeast microscopy movies (78,852 frame-to-frame tracklets, 2,512 images), which we make freely available. On these and existing datasets, our neural network-based methods demonstrate robust, above state-of-the-art performance. Both tools have been integrated into graphical user interfaces (GUIs), available on Github, and can be straightforwardly retrained with custom data if desired.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zelic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gligorovski, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labbaf, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labagnara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oesterle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenna, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massard, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chethan, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahi, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.09.698579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Love-thy-neighbor: Neural networks for tracking and lineage tracing in budding yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.10.698720v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early metabolic reprogramming licenses Streptococcus pneumoniae for Influenza-driven superinfection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.10.698720v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following influenza A virus (IAV) infection. However, the adaptive mechanisms that enable pathogen expansion in the post-viral lung remain poorly defined. Here, using a mouse model of IAV-Streptococcus pneumoniae superinfection, we characterize bacterial transcriptional reprogramming in vivo. We identify alcohol dehydrogenases (AdhA and AdhE), that support NAD regeneration during mixed-acid fermentation, as key determinants of bacterial fitness specifically in the IAV-primed lung. Genetic deletion of these results in a pronounced fitness defect during superinfection but not in primary bacterial pneumonia. Consistent with this requirement, pharmacological inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenases limits bacterial expansion and dissemination following IAV infection. Mechanistically, we show that IAV infection profoundly remodels the lung environment, inducing hypoxia and increasing the availability of alternative carbon sources, which together impose a metabolic dependency on Adh for bacterial expansion. Our findings place metabolic adaptation as a central driver of pneumococcal outgrowth following viral infection and reveal exploitable vulnerabilities for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lagune, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caillon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Von Rohr, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colpaert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veening, J.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloehn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmolke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becattini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.10.698720</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early metabolic reprogramming licenses Streptococcus pneumoniae for Influenza-driven superinfection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.12.698973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale curvature modulates epithelial architecture and nuclear organization. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.12.698973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Curved geometries are a defining feature of epithelial tissues, yet how cells integrate curvature cues across spatial scales remains unclear. Here, we combined wavy hydrogels with inducible self-rolling substrates to readily and independently impose local and large-scale curvatures on epithelial monolayers, recapitulating key geometric features of bronchiolar epithelia. By controlling the orientation of local curvature relative to the large-scale curvature set by the tube axis, we show that multiscale curvature induces scale-dependent and anisotropic remodeling of cell shape, nuclear organization, and tissue thickness. In contrast, nuclei maintain a robust and conserved three-dimensional geometry, with curvature primarily regulating nuclear orientation rather than shape. This hierarchical induction of specific changes to the tissue architecture shows that multiscale curvature sensing is a fundamental physical principle governing epithelial architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luciano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vagne, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pernollet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomba, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.12.698973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale curvature modulates epithelial architecture and nuclear organization.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.12.698943v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An engineered nanobody inhibitor for molecular-to-circuit control of opioid receptor function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.12.698943v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Opioid receptors (ORs) orchestrate pain relief, reward, and dependence, yet their signaling arises from diverse cell types and subcellular compartments that cannot be selectively interrogated with existing pharmacological or genetic approaches. Single-domain antibodies, or nanobodies (Nbs), can probe receptor states, but their potential as tools for controlling native receptor signaling at the system level has remained unexplored. Here, we engineer a suite of high-affinity intracellular Nbs that bind active ORs through structure-guided evolution and in silico design. Iterative optimization yields Nb64, a potent inhibitor that rapidly suppresses transducer engagement, receptor internalization, and downstream signaling, including endogenous pathways in neuronal cells. Organelle targeting highlights Nb64s capacity to control OR activity with subcellular precision, while bio-reversible cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) conjugation enables non-genetic cytosolic delivery. Cell-type-specific expression of Nb64 in VTA interneurons attenuates fentanyl-evoked dopamine release and behavioral responses in mice, demonstrating targeted control of opioid actions in vivo. Nb64 provides a versatile strategy for dissecting OR biology and establishes a generalizable framework for precision inhibition of native GPCR signaling in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Valbret, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamothe-Molina, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadogkonaki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arafiles, J. V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro Tuchman, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radoux-Mergault, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canziani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Von Zastrow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosloff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackenberger, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manglik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patriarchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.12.698943</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An engineered nanobody inhibitor for molecular-to-circuit control of opioid receptor function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of 3D epithelial tissue packing reveals correlated patterns of cell height and skewing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelia are tissues which envelop organs, exchange with and protect from their environment. The tight packing of cells within an epithelium guarantees its cohesiveness and impermeability, essential to its functions. Yet, how cells spatially arrange in three dimensions within an epithelium, and how the three-dimensional cell packing responds to geometrical constraints, is not fully understood. In a proliferating epithelium, cellular volumes vary from cell to cell, notably due to cell growth. At the same time, epithelia tend to display a smooth, continuous apical surface, indicating that cell shape determinants are spatially coupled. It is unclear how these and other factors modulate cell shape variability within the epithelium. Here, we segmented three-dimensional cell shapes of MDCK epithelia, grown in hollow spheres of alginate. With this assay, we could modulate the substrate adhesive properties, tissue curvature, and cell area density. We observed that as the tissue proliferates and cell density increases, average cell volume decreases. In contrast, cell height is relatively conserved over time, with an average value sensitive to the rigidity, curvature and adhesive strength of the substrate. We identified large and spatially correlated fluctuations in cell skewing, defined as the relative difference between apical and basal area that do not arise from curvature. Skewing is associated to spatial patterns of tilted cells whose apico-basal axis deviates from orthogonality to the substrate. Surprisingly, cell skewing and cell height are correlated, indicating internal rules for three-dimensional cell shapes. Altogether, our study identifies unexpected patterns of three-dimensional cell shape variation within a proliferative epithelium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pernollet, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vagne, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Arcos, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dessalles, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salbreux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.14.699560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of 3D epithelial tissue packing reveals correlated patterns of cell height and skewing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.17.700057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feeling the music: Audiotactile encoding of temporal structure in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.17.700057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In everyday situations, like a rock party or an organ concert, we feel music vibrating through our bodies. How do these vibrotactile signals influence music processing? How do they aid auditory scene analysis? Combining psychophysics, fMRI and time-resolved EEG decoding, this work reveals how the brain encodes the temporal structure of music (beat and envelope) across audition and touch and uses this information to guide multisensory integration and segregation in simple and more complex perceptual scenes. Participants experienced monophonic and polyphonic piano pieces through auditory, vibrotactile and audiotactile stimulation. Vibrotactile signals improved the detection of a brief target embedded in music, establishing the functional relevance of audiotactile integration in naturalistic settings. fMRI and EEG multivariate decoding revealed that auditory and tactile beat information converged in planum temporale and parietal operculum, albeit through distinct neural dynamics and representations. Superior temporal cortices reliably encoded envelope information from audition, but only weakly from touch. Nevertheless, vibrotactile signals significantly enhanced neural encoding of auditory beat as early as 100 ms, and envelope representations from 250 ms onward. These encoding benefits were associated with superadditive interactions in primary auditory cortex, where tactile signals sharpen and amplify auditory envelope representations. In complex polyphonic music, touch further amplified the segregation and encoding of temporally coherent auditory streams. Our findings highlight the important, yet largely unexplored influence of touch on auditory processing, enriching music perception and supporting auditory scene analysis in real-world environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Degano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noppeney, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.17.700057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feeling the music: Audiotactile encoding of temporal structure in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular basis of mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2 activation by its upstream kinase MEK1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway relays extracellular signals into a cellular response and its dysregulation leads to many pathologies, particularly cancer. Here, we determined cryo-EM structures of the MAP2K MEK1 activating its substrate MAPK ERK2, the final event in the cascade. We define the molecular details of specificity and phosphoryl transfer to the tyrosine of the ERK2 activation loop and examine the mechanism of substrate recognition using solution techniques and molecular dynamics. Binding of the substrate MAPK leads to release of the MAP2K catalytic machinery, explaining the mechanism of many disease-causing mutations, and ERK2 release is not required for nucleotide exchange, suggesting a processive mechanism. Our data advance the understanding of MAPK signalling and provide a starting point for drug development.

One-Sentence SummaryCryo-EM structures of the MEK1-ERK2 complex reveal details of cellular signal transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>von Velsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juyoux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piasentin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapouge, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowler, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.19.700303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular basis of mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2 activation by its upstream kinase MEK1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optogenetically Evoked Accumbal Dopamine Transients Are Sufficient to Drive Locomotor Sensitization and Cross-Sensitization to Cocaine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Repeated exposure to psychostimulants produces locomotor sensitization, a durable behavioral adaptation thought to reflect enhanced incentive salience driven by mesolimbic dopamine. However, the causal contribution of dopamine transients themselves, independent of drug pharmacology, remains elusive. Here we show that repeated optogenetic activation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons is sufficient to induce persistent locomotor sensitization. Across successive stimulation sessions, mice exhibited a progressive escalation of locomotor activity that persisted for at least ten days after the last stimulation. Sensitization generalized beyond laser-on epochs, elevating baseline locomotion throughout the session. Importantly, mice previously exposed to optogenetic dopamine neuron stimulation displayed an enhanced locomotor response to a subsequent cocaine challenge, demonstrating cross-sensitization between optogenetic and pharmacological reinforcers. These findings establish phasic dopamine neuron activation as a sufficient driver of locomotor sensitization and reveal shared neural substrates underlying dopamine-dependent behavioral plasticity induced by optogenetic and drug reinforcers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiver, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascoli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.16.699633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optogenetically Evoked Accumbal Dopamine Transients Are Sufficient to Drive Locomotor Sensitization and Cross-Sensitization to Cocaine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Joubert gene TMEM67 is required for the correct establishment of spinal dorsal identities in human organoids. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary cilia are essential signaling organelles that mediate key developmental pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and WNT, and are crucial for tissue patterning and homeostasis. Ciliary dysfunction underlies a spectrum of human ciliopathies--such as Joubert syndrome (JBTS) and Meckel syndrome (MKS)--which present with profound neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Although the role of cilia in SHH-dependent ventral spinal cord patterning is well established, their contribution to dorsal spinal cord development, particularly in human systems, remains poorly defined. To address this gap, we utilized human spinal organoids to investigate the function of a ciliopathy-associated protein in dorsal neural tube patterning downstream of BMP4, independent of exogenous SHH. Using TMEM67 knockout human iPSC-derived dorsal spinal organoids, we demonstrate that loss of TMEM67 disrupts the specification of dorsal interneurons, most notably within the dI1 lineage, while concomitantly expanding intermediate dorsal progenitor populations (dI4-dI6). These patterning defects are associated with defective roof plate induction and attenuated BMP4 signaling. Mechanistically, TMEM67 deficiency alters ciliary morphology, decreases cilia number, and impairs recruitment of BMPR2 to the ciliary base, suggesting a direct role for cilia in modulating BMP-induced dorsal spinal patterning. Together, these findings provide new mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of ciliopathies and underscore the value of human organoid models for elucidating human-specific aspects of neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wiegering, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bools, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anselme, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metayer-Derout, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balissat, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijek, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider-Maunoury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stedman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.20.700675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Joubert gene TMEM67 is required for the correct establishment of spinal dorsal identities in human organoids.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microstate Dynamics of Focused Attention Meditation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Focused-attention meditation provides a tractable model for examining how large-scale brain dynamics support attention and self-regulation. Using high-density EEG microstate analysis, we investigated how focused-attention meditation on the breath ([A]n[a]p[a]nasati) modulates intrinsic brain activity in 22 experienced practitioners, compared with baseline rest and deliberate mental imagery. Five canonical microstate classes (A-E) were identified. Meditation produced a robust reduction of Microstate C across coverage, duration, and occurrence, accompanied by increased presence of Microstates D and E (all Microstate x Condition interactions p < 0.0001). Source localization revealed that Microstate C was generated primarily in medial and lateral temporal regions including the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex, whereas Microstate D involved posterior midline regions including the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, and Microstate E engaged frontoparietal and orbitolimbic networks. Together, these results indicate that focused-attention meditation reorganizes the temporal architecture of large-scale brain dynamics by downregulating microstate patterns associated with self-referential and memory-based processing while enhancing neural states supporting attentional stability and internal monitoring.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ngo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bek, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stasytyte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elizalde, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanthi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manjunath, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.19.700274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microstate Dynamics of Focused Attention Meditation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiopsy of living mouse brain for longitudinal molecular profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MOTIVATIONLongitudinal molecular studies of the mouse brain are limited by the need for terminal tissue collection. This prevents analysis of preexisting molecular states and their evolution within the same individual. We developed a stereotactic microbiopsy technique that enables minimally invasive sampling of defined brain regions in vivo. The method preserves survival while yielding material suitable for RNA and nuclei isolation. It provides a practical solution for linking baseline molecular states to subsequent behavioural, pharmacological, or disease-related outcomes.

SUMMARYThis study presents a stereotactic microbiopsy technique for sampling defined brain regions in living mice, enabling transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses without sacrificing the animal. The method will allow pre-intervention tissue collection, making it possible to separate preexisting molecular differences from experience- or treatment-induced changes. We show that microbiopsies yield sufficient, high-quality RNA and chromatin for sequencing, with minimal tissue damage that largely resolves over time. The procedure uses standard stereotactic equipment and achieves reproducible spatial precision when the syringe is stabilised. This approach provides a practical framework for within-subject molecular comparisons, reducing animal use and enabling longitudinal profiling of the living mouse brain. It establishes a foundation for investigating how baseline molecular states influence later physiological or behavioural outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoyningen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramisch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fellouse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiver, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marion-Poll, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.22.701044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiopsy of living mouse brain for longitudinal molecular profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.27.700572v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Live dynamics of induced cell-cell fusion between mitotic and interphasic cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.27.700572v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cell cycle is tightly regulated by checkpoint mechanisms that ensure faithful duplication and segregation of the genome. Here, we induced cell-cell fusion between mitotic and interphase cells to study how nuclei from different cell cycle stages behave in a shared cytoplasm. We found that mitosis is a dominant cell cycle state: the mitotic cytoplasm can drive interphase nuclei into mitosis, whereas, in high ratios of interphase versus mitotic nuclei, fusion forced mitotic nuclei to exit mitosis. Both outcomes represent checkpoint override events with impactful consequences. Interphase nuclei forced into mitosis form aberrant mitotic spindles, show partially condensed DNA and ultimately undergo mitotic catastrophe. Conversely, forced mitotic exit resulted in reformation of nuclear envelope membranes around condensed chromosomes, forming nuclei with a defective nuclear import machinery. Altogether, cell-cell fusion revealed an unexpected plasticity in cell cycle control and highlight cell-cell fusion experiments as a powerful experimental system to study how competing cytoplasmic states are integrated in a shared cytoplasm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Afonso, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feliciano, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippincott-Schwartz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.27.700572</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Live dynamics of induced cell-cell fusion between mitotic and interphasic cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low-salt diet induces claudin-3 expression and drives adaptive changes in collecting duct of claudin-3-deficient mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRenal sodium reabsorption occurs via both transcellular and paracellular pathways. Tight junction proteins play a key role in mediating paracellular transport. The collecting duct (CD) is critical for the fine-tuning of Na+ balance and is sensitive to changes in dietary salt intake. A low-sodium diet, which increases endogenous aldosterone secretion, stimulates transcellular sodium transport via epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC) and Na,K-ATPase. We hypothesized that a low-sodium diet also modulates paracellular Na+ permeability by regulating the expression or function of claudin-3, a major tight junction protein in the CD, in order to limit the back-leak of reabsorbed sodium and preserve sodium balance.

MethodsWe used in vivo mouse models and cultured mouse CD principal cells (mCCDcl1) to assess aldosterones effects on tight junction proteins. In mCCDcl1 cells, aldosterone-induced changes in claudin-3 expression and localization were evaluated via Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and Ussing chamber assays were used to assess paracellular Na+ and Cl- permeability after modulating claudin-3 expression. Wild-type and claudin-3 knockout mice were fed low (0.01%) or normal (0.18%) sodium diets for seven days. In subsets of low sodium diet mice, spironolactone (a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist) was administered.

ResultsIn mice, a low-sodium diet upregulates renal claudin-3 expression. Concordantly, in vitro studies using mCCDcl1 cells showed that aldosterone treatment increased claudin-3 protein levels and promoted its localization to the lateral membrane. Functional analyses demonstrated that claudin-3 overexpression reduced paracellular permeability to both Na+ and Cl-, while claudin-3 silencing increased it. Claudin-3 knockout mice subjected to a low-sodium diet exhibited compensatory upregulation of the - and {gamma}-subunits of ENaC, alongside increased expression of claudin-4, claudin-8, and claudin-10. This highlights an adaptive response that maintains sodium homeostasis in the absence of claudin-3. Importantly, this compensatory mechanism persists even under spironolactone treatment, suggesting that the adaptation of claudin-3-deficient mice occurs independently of mineralocorticoid receptor activation.

ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that aldosterone enhances claudin-3 expression, reinforcing the paracellular barrier to Na+ and complementing its classical role in transcellular Na+ transport. Under low-sodium conditions, claudin-3-deficient mice adapt through complementary mechanisms aimed at increasing sodium reabsorption via ENaC activation and upregulation of claudin-4 and claudin-8, both barrier-forming claudins that restrict paracellular sodium leakage in the CD. This is associated with increased claudin-10 abundance in the thick ascending limb of Henle, a pore-forming claudin that facilitates paracellular sodium permeability. This study advances our understanding of the complex control of renal sodium handling, revealing adaptive mechanisms in response to low-salt diet and claudin-3 deficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>SASSI, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chassot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jellali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liaudet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baier, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stroka, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furuse, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feraille, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.701749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low-salt diet induces claudin-3 expression and drives adaptive changes in collecting duct of claudin-3-deficient mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.27.701985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PAK-family kinases promote cell fusion irreversibility by preventing cell wall repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.27.701985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-cell fusion is critical for the sexual life cycle, as it drives the unidirectional transition between haploid and diploid phases. In eukaryotes where fusion occurs between partners with cell wall, fusion requires not only plasma membrane merging but also local removal of the intervening cell wall. 1-3. However, the integrity of the cell wall, which resists the strong internal turgor pressure and is essential for survival 4, is normally monitored by signaling pathways that promote repair upon damage 5,6. How cell wall integrity pathways allow localized cell wall degradation is not known. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we previously identified pak2{Delta} mutants that exhibit transient fusion: cells briefly fuse and exchange cytoplasmic contents that signal meiosis but then reseal their fusion pore. This reversal of fusion directionality induces meiosis in haploid cells, with catastrophic consequences 7. Here, we show that PAK activity is essential for cell-cell fusion, with major contribution for Pak2 and a more minor role for the essential Pak1. Pak2 accumulates at the fusion site, where its kinase activity is controlled to promote both fusion pore opening and expansion, thereby preventing post-fusion pore closure. Strikingly, osmotic stabilization largely suppresses all PAK-associated fusion defects, pointing to a role in cell-wall remodeling rather than plasma-membrane merging. Indeed, correlative light and cryo-soft-X-ray tomography reveals that resealed pores in PAK mutants rebuilt an intact cell wall. Thus, PAKs enforce fusion directionality by antagonizing cell-wall repair mechanisms that otherwise restore separation between mating partners.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coronas-Serna, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Berna, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.27.701985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PAK-family kinases promote cell fusion irreversibility by preventing cell wall repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.30.702722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PefA, an ALG-2-like Ca2+ sensor, regulates ESCRT and autophagy responses to mycobacterial vacuole damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.30.702722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calcium influx is a universal early signal triggering membrane repair pathways, yet how Ca2+ sensors coordinate the balance between ESCRT-mediated sealing and autophagy-based responses at damaged endolysosomes and pathogen-containing vacuoles remains unclear. Here we use the Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum infection model, a surrogate to study intracellular pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, combined with genetic, imaging, and proteomic analyses to identify the penta-EF-hand protein PefA, an ALG-2-like Ca2+ sensor, as a Ca2+-responsive regulator that orchestrates recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TrafE, ESCRT components, and the autophagy machinery to damaged membranes. PefA is transcriptionally upregulated and accumulates at the mycobacterial vacuole, promoting timely repair that preserves vacuolar integrity and supports bacterial replication. Loss of PefA impairs ESCRT and autophagy engagement, leading to premature bacterial escape into the cytosol and altered infection outcomes. These findings uncover a conserved Ca2+-dependent mechanism linking membrane damage sensing to coordinated repair pathways and shapes host-pathogen interactions, with direct relevance to tuberculosis pathogenesis and host resilience to infection.

TeaserThe PefA calcium sensor times membrane repair and autophagy to control vacuole integrity during mycobacterial infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guallar-Garrido, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perret, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carreras-Sureda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.30.702722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PefA, an ALG-2-like Ca2+ sensor, regulates ESCRT and autophagy responses to mycobacterial vacuole damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.30.702735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A redox-regulated RCC1-like protein controls catalase activity in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.30.702735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are central regulators of plant growth and stress responses. Cellular ROS levels are tightly controlled by antioxidant systems, including the evolutionarily conserved catalases that detoxify hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) predominantly within peroxisomes. Despite their importance, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of catalase biogenesis, regulation, subcellular targeting, and potential extra-peroxisomal functions. Using affinity purification of the UV-B photoreceptor UVR8 coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified a REGULATOR OF CHROMATIN CONDENSATION 1-like protein in Arabidopsis, which we named CATALASE-INTERACTING RCC1-LIKE 1 (CAIR1). CAIR1 interacts with all three catalase isoforms (CAT1-CAT3) as well as their chaperone NO CATALASE ACTIVITY 1 (NCA1). Loss-of-function cair1 mutants partially phenocopy cat2 and nca1, with reduced catalase activity, enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress and alkaline growth conditions, and impaired primary root elongation. Mechanistically, cytosolic interaction between CAIR1 and CAT2 enhances total cellular catalase activity by facilitating peroxisomal import and proper subcellular localization of CAT2. In the absence of CAIR1, CAT2 forms aggregates, likely accounting for the observed loss of catalase activity. Notably, CAIR1 undergoes reversible, redox-dependent oligomerization that enhances its interaction with catalases. Mutation of CAIR1 at Cys-356 and Cys-545 compromises this interaction under elevated ROS conditions and fails to rescue the oxidative stress sensitivity of cair1 mutants. Moreover, UV-B exposure suppresses catalase activity by weakening the interaction between CAIR1 and catalases, thus linking environmental light signalling to cellular redox regulation. Together, our findings reveal CAIR1 as a dynamic redox-responsive regulator of catalase activity that maintains cellular redox homeostasis by coordinating catalase localization and function through reversible oligomerization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolze, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mhamdi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Breusegem, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagami, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulm, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.30.702735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A redox-regulated RCC1-like protein controls catalase activity in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Conserved Locus Coeruleus fMRI Signature of Brain-State Transitions across Sleep, Anesthesia, and Wakefulness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuromodulatory systems dynamically reconfigure large-scale brain networks to support adaptation across behavioral and cognitive states. The locus coeruleus (LC), which broadcasts noradrenaline throughout the forebrain, is a central regulator of arousal and state-dependent dynamics. However, how LC activity manifests in brain-wide organization across physiological contexts, and how it biases fMRI connectivity, remains poorly understood.

Using an optogenetically informed cross-species framework, we identify a transient LC-derived spatiotemporal pattern of brain activity accompanying brain-state transitions under progressively naturalistic conditions: controlled LC stimulation and endogenous LC fluctuations in anesthetized mice, sleep-wake transitions in rodents and humans, and resting-state activity in awake humans. This LC-derived signature is conserved across species and contexts, leaving a robust and detectable imprint on the BOLD signal. Critically, the prevalence of LC events systematically biases functional connectivity metrics in human fMRI.

These findings establish LC activity as a mechanistically interpretable source of variability in resting-state measurements, with direct implications for the interpretation of fMRI biomarkers in arousal-related disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barcellini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foustoukos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munn, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shine, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, L. M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luthi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zerbi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Conserved Locus Coeruleus fMRI Signature of Brain-State Transitions across Sleep, Anesthesia, and Wakefulness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.31.703010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tipping the balance: Synthesis and evaluation of centrinone-based degraders of polo-like kinase 4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.31.703010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a pivotal role in centriole biogenesis and, as such, represents a master regulator of centriole duplication. Due to its importance in cancer development and progression, PLK4 represents an attractive target for the development of novel therapeutics. Herein, we present a series of molecular degraders of PLK4, based on the highly selective PLK4 inhibitor centrinone, with the aim of targeting PLK4 for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. While all synthesized degraders retained low nanomolar binding affinities to the kinase domain of PLK4, large differences were found with respect to their ability to change cellular PLK4 levels. We uncover a complex pharmacological profile of the most potent degraders, D6 and D10, consisting of concomitant lowering of PLK4 levels through degradation, and enhancing PLK4 levels through inhibition of its autoregulation - dependent on its localization at the centrioles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kovacevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraldi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoogendoorn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.31.703010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tipping the balance: Synthesis and evaluation of centrinone-based degraders of polo-like kinase 4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.702791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Federated cross-biobank conditional analysis identifies LDL-C lowering effects of DNAJC13 haploinsufficiency and LDLR regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.702791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whole genome sequencing in diverse population-scale biobanks offers new insights into the genetic architecture of complex traits from rare and non-coding variants. However, rare single variant and aggregate associations are often confounded by linkage disequilibrium and haplotype structure, resulting in large numbers of false-positive associations. Previous methods that rely on reference panels or linkage disequilibrium-matrices to determine conditional independence in meta-analyses do not scale to very rare variants, which may be observed in only one biobank and can exhibit long-range haplotypes. Here, we implement a federated approach to perform iterative conditional meta-analysis on individual-level genotype and phenotype data across biobanks while adhering to data sharing policies. We applied our methodology to a meta-analysis of LDL-C in 614,375 individuals from UK Biobank and All of Us, encompassing six genetic ancestry groups. After conditioning, only 4.3% of significantly associated rare single variants and 6.9% of aggregates remained statistically independent. The proportion of significant aggregates that remained independent after conditioning was higher for coding-based tests than non-coding. We further validate that our approach effectively suppresses false-positive associations using simulations centred on the LDLR locus. We identify allelic series of variants associated with reduced LDL-C, including loss-of-function variants in DNAJC13 and variants in the 3-prime untranslated region of LDLR. Our results highlight that federated conditioning can distinguish independent rare variant signals from linkage and haplotype structure artifacts in multi-ancestry meta-analyses across separate biobanks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wright, H. I. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darrous, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrat, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chundru, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamoun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frayling, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weedon, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaumont, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.03.702791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Federated cross-biobank conditional analysis identifies LDL-C lowering effects of DNAJC13 haploinsufficiency and LDLR regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Layer-specific functional gradients uncover intrinsic-network organization and feedback processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spontaneous activity in the human cortex is organized along large-scale functional gradients, yet how these macroscale patterns relate to laminar functional architecture remains unclear. Here, we use sub-millimeter, layer-resolved 7T resting-state fMRI to map whole-brain functional connectivity gradients across cortical depth. We represent the cortex as a multilayer network with distinct connectivity profiles for deep, middle, and superficial layers, and derive laminar dissimilarity indices that quantify differences between layer-wise gradient embeddings within and across regions. These indices systematically distinguish canonical resting-state networks and vary along a histology-informed microstructural axis that captures a canonical sensory-to-limbic gradient of cytoarchitectural differentiation. Layer-specific analyses further show that the balance between deep- and superficial-layer dissimilarity tracks a functional hierarchy estimated from independent effective-connectivity modelling, consistent with feedback-like intrinsic connectivity at rest. Together, the results establish laminar gradient-derived indices as a bridge between cortical microstructure, large-scale network organization, and hierarchical information flow in the human cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Degutis, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miehlbradt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand-Ruel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huppi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.06.704362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Layer-specific functional gradients uncover intrinsic-network organization and feedback processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.08.704347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordinated control of both microtubule ends regulates mitotic spindle length 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.08.704347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mitotic spindle is a biomechanical structure whose length must be precisely controlled to ensure faithful chromosome segregation. The treadmilling of microtubules towards centrosomes, termed poleward flux, is involved in spindle length control. However, poleward flux has been shown to be both inversely and directly proportional to spindle length, a contradiction that remains unexplained by current mechanisms. Here we introduce a model which demonstrates that length-dependent regulation at both microtubule ends allows plus- and minus-end dynamics to synchronize with one another, enabling pathways of poleward flux-based spindle length control which can rectify previous results. Moreover, our model predicts that spindle length and poleward flux can vary independently via simultaneous perturbations at both microtubule ends, which we experimentally validate with combinations of KIF18A, KIF2A, and KATNB1 depletions in human cells. Our results thus resolve a longstanding paradox and provide mechanistic insight into the reciprocal control of spindle length and poleward flux.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fiorenza, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheeran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doria, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolic, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraldi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.08.704347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordinated control of both microtubule ends regulates mitotic spindle length]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Individual differences of cortical and subcortical emotion-informed functional gradients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complex interplay between brain regions that support emotional experience and their link to individual differences is a topic of active research. Additionally, there has been growing interest in using functional gradients to investigate human cortical organization during both rest and film fMRI. Among these, several studies demonstrated improved brain fingerprinting performance, reflecting greater neural identification capability of film fMRI against rest fMRI despite higher subject synchronization during film-watching than in rest. Comparably, in this work we study the relation between individual differences, in particular, state anxiety and openness scores, and brain activity during the processing of various emotional scenes in films, through functional gradients. Next to including subcortical areas, we also propose a new approach of computing functional gradients based on a subset of frames selected using emotional annotation data of films, resulting in emotion-informed functional gradients. Then we evaluate the variance in emotion-informed gradients across subjects and employ these same gradients in the prediction of individual differences. For emotion-informed functional gradients, the highest predictability of state anxiety was found for scenes of negative valence and medium-high arousal, corresponding to the typical location of anxiety within the valence-arousal-power emotional space. Additionally, predictability of state anxiety was negatively correlated to inter-subject variability. In contrast, predictability of openness was found to be highest during scenes with low arousal and positively correlated to inter-subject variability. In essence, our results first show that macroscale brain organization is affected by emotional experience, and that frame selection based on the latter can be useful to remove non-subject-specific variability while extracting subject-specific information related to the emotion experience. It also demonstrates that frame selection increases inter-subject variability allowing the extraction of more subject-specific information. Thus, expanding on the idea of brain fingerprint in film fMRI, we argue that emotional experiences enhance disentanglement of various domain of individual differences. Moreover, depending on the individual difference of interest, fMRI acquired during more or less constrained paradigms would be more suitable to reveal different properties of brain function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, C. H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vilaclara, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgenroth, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.704784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Individual differences of cortical and subcortical emotion-informed functional gradients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.705097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolomic and Transcriptomic rewiring between virus resistance and susceptibility in Ostreococcus mediterraneus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.705097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genus Ostreococcus, comprising picoeukaryotic unicellular algae, plays a key role in many coastal marine ecosystems. These phytoplankton are infected by lytic double-stranded DNA prasinoviruses against whom they have the capacity to reliably evolve stable antiviral resistance. Regulation of virus resistance and susceptibility is hypothesized to arise through a phenotypic switch, as resistant cell lines can be isolated from susceptible lines after viral exposure and vice versa. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance, we integrated untargeted metabolomic analyses and transcriptomics in virus-resistant and virus-susceptible lines of O. mediterraneus. Transcriptomic analyses corroborated previous findings in O. tauri, revealing that most gene expression changes were concentrated on a single chromosome. Specifically, a [~]530 kb region was over-transcribed in virus-resistant lines, while a distinct [~]110 kb region was over-expressed in virus-susceptible lines. Comparative metabolomics identified several oxidized galactolipids and oxidized sterols as biomarkers of the susceptible phenotype, while fewer biomarkers were identified for the resistant phenotype. By integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic signatures--focusing on the expression of genes within biosynthetic pathways linked to these metabolite biomarkers--we uncovered candidate molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular physiology of susceptible versus resistant phenotypes.

Authors SummaryViruses are the most abundant biological entities in the ocean, shaping the dynamics of phytoplankton communities that underpin marine food webs. Ostreococcus, one of the smallest photosynthetic eukaryotes, is frequently infected by highly abundant prasinoviruses in its natural environment. In this study, we aimed to understand the physiological bases of virus-resistant and susceptible Ostreococcus mediterraneus lines. We compared gene expression and untargeted metabolite profiles between a resistant line and a susceptible line derived from it. The metabolic profiles were much more variable between replicates than the transcriptomic profiles and the most differentially expressed genes did not include those involved in the biosynthetic pathways of the metabolite biomarkers identified. We estimated the congruence between the metabolomes and transcriptomes as the percent of relative expression changes fitting to the relative change in the metabolite. This study provides evidence of the subtle links between gene expression and metabolomic signatures and the importance of integrating multiple levels of cellular processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>James, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcellin-Gros, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yau, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stien, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piganeau, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.705097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolomic and Transcriptomic rewiring between virus resistance and susceptibility in Ostreococcus mediterraneus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704997v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intracellular compartmentalization shapes lipid access and metabolic fitness of mycobacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704997v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracellular mycobacteria encounter distinct metabolic environments as they transition between vacuolar and cytosolic compartments within host cells, yet how nutrient access is shaped by this compartmentalization remains poorly understood. Here, we use Mycobacterium marinum fatty acyl- CoA ligase 6 (FACL6) as a functional entry point to examine how lipid acquisition and processing are coordinated during intracellular infection. By combining host and bacterial genetic perturbations with dual RNA-sequencing and high-resolution imaging in genetically tractable amoebal infection models, and validating key phenotypes in mammalian cells, we show that lipid metabolic programs in intracellular mycobacteria are tightly linked to subcellular localization. Sterol utilization and neutral lipid storage are preferentially engaged during the intravacuolar phase, whereas cytosolic exposure is associated with reduced lipid accumulation. Deletion of facl6 disrupts this coordinated scenario, resulting in altered bacterial cell envelope architecture, premature membrane damage, defective neutral lipid storage, and reduced intracellular fitness despite enhanced cytosolic access. Together, these findings reveal that loss of FACL6 causes intrinsic defects in lipid handling and highlight how compartment-specific lipid environments shape the outcome of mycobacterial infection.

TeaserLoss of FACL6 reveals how intracellular compartmentalization shapes mycobacterial lipid metabolism
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foulon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huettel, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breitsprecher, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauda, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raykov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koliwer-Brandl, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohlhagen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thuenauer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwudke, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilbi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barisch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.704997</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intracellular compartmentalization shapes lipid access and metabolic fitness of mycobacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Energetic cross-talk of filter gate and lower helices drives polymodal regulation and disease in TREK K2P channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The TREK subfamily of two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels are essential regulators of membrane excitability, and their activity is modulated by a wide range of physiological stimuli, including phosphorylation and membrane stretch. Single-site mutations in this subfamily have been identified in patients with FHEIG symptom (facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis, epilepsy, intellectual disability/developmental delay, and gingival overgrowth), where they cause pathological channel hyperactivation. Using OneOPES framework, which unifies multiple enhanced-sampling molecular dynamics strategies, we provide a detailed energetic characterization of the TREK-2 conformational landscape. Our simulations uncover a unifying mechanism in which coupling between the lower transmembrane helices, the proximal C-terminal domain, and selectivity filter stability governs channel gating under different physiological stimuli, as well as disease-mimicking conditions. The predicted conformational effects of an FHEIG syndrome-associated mutation were further validated by electrophysiological measurements using a conformation-sensitive TREK-2 inhibitor. Together, these results establish an energetic framework for TREK-2 regulation and dysfunction and provide a foundation for structure-based drug discovery targeting the K2P TREK channel family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuerkaydin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benkerdagh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghysbrecht, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aureli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baukrowitz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schewe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.13.705734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Energetic cross-talk of filter gate and lower helices drives polymodal regulation and disease in TREK K2P channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.14.705883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline Blastomeres transcriptomics in the presence or absence of PIE-1 during C. elegans early embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.14.705883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) embryos, specification of the germ lineage relies on the maternal protein PIE-1. Here, we isolated somatic and germline blastomeres and performed specific transcriptomics in the presence or absence of PIE-1. These experiments enforce that PIE-1 maintains the identity of germline blastomeres by downregulating the accumulation of somatic RNAs but they also reveal a role for PIE-1 in sustaining the steady-state level of both maternally contributed as well as de novo transcribed germline-specific mRNAs in the early embryo. The present dataset represents a first blastomere-specific transcriptomic analyses of PIE-1 role and will serve as a comprehensive resource to highlight the mechanistic details of PIE-1 function in defining germline blastomere transcriptional identity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ponsard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stubbe, F.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tricquet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermand, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.14.705883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline Blastomeres transcriptomics in the presence or absence of PIE-1 during C. elegans early embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viral rewiring of APC/C-CDC20 drives Aurora B hyperubiquitination, mitotic regression and polyploidy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytokinesis requires elaborate processes in the midbody, including the timely inactivation of Aurora B kinase (AurB) and membrane fission to separate the daughter cells. Here, we show that human adenovirus (AdV) perturbs midbody function, prevents daughter separation and induces cytoplasmic regression of both cancer cells and primary diploid human airway basal cells resulting in polyploidy. Infected cells undergo cleavage furrow regression after midbody formation driven by the viral protein E4orf4 independently of E4orf4 interaction with protein phosphatase 2A. The co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), CDC20 is upregulated in AdV infection and required for regression. E4orf4 directly interacts with CDC20 and redirects the E3-ubiquitin ligase APC/C-CDC20 towards AurB, promoting hyperubiquitination and premature extraction of AurB from the midbody. Loss of midbody-associated AurB coincides with midbody collapse and furrow regression. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized APC/C-CDC20-dependent pathway controlling late cytokinesis through AurB extraction from the midbody.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasiqi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Povolo, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helm, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greber, U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.13.705602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viral rewiring of APC/C-CDC20 drives Aurora B hyperubiquitination, mitotic regression and polyploidy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.15.706005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast-ripples are emergent properties of neuronal networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.15.706005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fast-ripples have been proposed as a promising biomarker in epilepsy, but their specificity remains unclear. In particular, it is uncertain whether they reflect chance coincident neural activity or distinctly generated pathological entities. We combined in silico simulations, neuronal cultures, a rodent model of hippocampal epilepsy, and human microwire recordings to investigate whether fast-ripples occur more frequently than expected by the chance aggregation of action potentials. Our simulations showed that chance aggregation can generate fast-ripples and predicted higher occurrence during wakefulness, which was confirmed in rodent recordings. The likelihood of exceeding chance depended on biological system complexity and vigilance state: fast-ripples in neuronal cultures did not surpass chance, whereas those in awake - but not sleeping - rodents did. Similarly, the frequency of fast-ripples in awake human recordings was [~]30% greater than expected by chance. As such, our findings suggest that most fast-ripples reflect stochastic network activity rather than distinctly generated pathological entities, challenging prevailing assumptions about their pathogenesis and biomarker specificity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheybani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivekananda, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diehl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miserocchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisby, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shekh-Ahmad, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lignani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bush, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.15.706005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast-ripples are emergent properties of neuronal networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.15.706044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Cerebral Cortex Organization Characterized by Functional PET-FDG "Metabolic Connectivity" 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.15.706044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeIn this study, we characterize the spatiotemporal organization of resting-state metabolic connectivity (RSMC) in the human brain, as measured by [18F]- fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) functional PET (fPET-FDG). We examine the relationship between RSMC organization and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging and other known cortical organizational principles.

MethodsResting-state fPET-FDG data from 24 individuals were obtained from a publicly available repository. We characterized local metabolic organization using connectivity-based boundary mapping, with adaptations to account for the low signal-to-noise ratio of fPET-FDG data. We then estimated global metabolic organization through community detection-based network and principal gradient analyses. Furthermore, we examined how metabolic connectivity is shaped by temporal-frequency-specific components of fPET-FDG signal. Finally, we contextualized metabolic organization by relating metabolic gradients to anatomical, functional, and energetic reference measures.

ResultsAt the local scale, boundary mapping results indicated structured transitions shaped by a combination of both fast and slow fPET-FDG signals, partly overlapping with RSFC boundary maps. Globally, RSMC analyses revealed a robust metabolic structure organized along a superior-inferior cortical gradient. This pattern remained consistent across network community detection and principal gradient analyses and was primarily driven by low-frequency, minute-scale fPET-FDG dynamics. The identified large-scale metabolic profile aligns closely with several known anatomical and energetic constraints.

ConclusionThis study characterizes the spatiotemporal organizational principles of RSMC, deepening insight into the brains energetic framework and providing a basis for future cognitive and clinical investigations of metabolic connectivity organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coursey, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamadar, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wey, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polimeni, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.15.706044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Cerebral Cortex Organization Characterized by Functional PET-FDG "Metabolic Connectivity"]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microtubules sustain the fidelity of cellularization in a coenocytic relative of animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellularization is the coordinated division of a multinucleate cytoplasm into many cells.1-3 Multinucleation is a common life cycle strategy observed across eukaryotic lineages, including in microbial eukaryotes, fungi, plants and animals, and is associated with the ability to transition to a unicellular state through cellularization.4 In the best-studied model for this process, Drosophila melanogaster, cellularization requires the coordinated action of actin and microtubule (MT) networks to bring about the synchronous invagination of plasma membrane furrows, but the extent of conservation of these mechanisms across eukaryotes remains unknown.1,5,6 Here we investigate cellularization in the ichthyosporean Sphaeroforma arctica, a close relative of animals with a multinucleate life cycle stage.7-9 Using live cell imaging, ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) and volume electron microscopy, we define the membrane, MT and actin dynamics that accompany cellularization in S. arctica. Using pharmacological inhibitors and centrifugation, we show that MTs, in addition to positioning nuclei, play a role in guiding nascent furrows to sustain equi-partitioning of nuclei and cytoplasm between daughter cells. Our findings indicate that cellularization is regulated through crosstalk between actin and MT networks, exhibiting mechanistic parallels with canonical cytokinesis, and establish S. arctica as a valuable model for investigating general principles of cellularization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Araujo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivetta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronchi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oorschot, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tischer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.16.706138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microtubules sustain the fidelity of cellularization in a coenocytic relative of animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.706963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracing Neanderthal ancestry patterns through successive population expansions in Europe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.706963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During their expansion out of Africa, modern humans interbred with Neanderthals, leading to the introgression of Neanderthal DNA into their genomes. This initial dispersal created, in Europe, a Southeast-to-Northwest gradient of Neanderthal ancestry in European populations, which was preserved through later Neolithic migration. Here, we investigate the population dynamics that created and maintained this gradient across two successive expansions. We developed a three-population layered simulation framework to track the spatiotemporal evolution of Neanderthal ancestry under a model of interactions between Neanderthals, Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers, and Neolithic farmers. Our results indicate that the Neanderthal ancestry cline was shaped by the direction of the early hunter-gatherer expansion, the northern limit of the Neanderthal range, and strong reproductive isolation between lineages. We estimated that admixture between hunter-gatherers and Neolithic populations was an order of magnitude higher than that between Neanderthals and modern humans. These findings demonstrate how spatiotemporal analyses of ancient DNA provide insights into the dynamics and interactions of ancestral populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsoupas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quilodran, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.20.706963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracing Neanderthal ancestry patterns through successive population expansions in Europe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breast cancer metabolism and responsiveness to dichloroacetate: relationships with 15N and 13C natural abundance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMetabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of breast cancer (BrCa), with alterations in glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, and the urea cycle contributing to tumour progression. Dichloroacetate (DCA), a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor, shifts metabolism toward oxidative phosphorylation and has been proposed as a therapeutic agent. While isotope tracing is well-established, natural isotope abundance ({delta}{superscript 1}3C, {delta}{superscript 1}N) is emerging as a biomarker of metabolic alterations in cancer.

MethodsWe investigated the relationship between isotope composition and metabolism in BrCa using two BALB/c mouse mammary tumour models (V14 and 4T1) and assessed the effects of DCA treatment using metabolomics, lipidomics and isotopomics.

ResultsV14 and 4T1 tumours exhibited isotopic patterns similar to human tumours, with {delta}{superscript 1}3C enrichment and {delta}{superscript 1}N depletion relative to non-cancerous mammary tissue. V14 tumours were more {delta}{superscript 1}N-depleted than 4T1, reflecting differences in nitrogen metabolism. Multivariate analysis integrating isotopic, metabolomic, and lipidomic data revealed isotopic features as key discriminators between tumours and normal tissues. Compared to V14, 4T1 tumours were enriched in TCA intermediates, sphingolipids, and amino acids, whereas V14 tumours showed elevated glutaminolytic and nitrogenous metabolites. DCA treatment differentially affected tumour growth, with V14 tumours more sensitive than 4T1. DCA altered nitrogen metabolism, increasing the arginine-to-ornithine ratio, and modulating {delta}{superscript 1}N values in a tumour-specific manner increasing V14 and decreasing 4T1 {delta}{superscript 1}N values. DCA had little effect on {delta}{superscript 1}3C. {delta}{superscript 1}3C values were primarily determined by the balance between lipid and TCA cycle metabolites, rather than glycolytic flux. {delta}{superscript 1}N variation was linked to nitrogen metabolism, including urea cycle intermediates and sphingolipid composition, with a potential role for choline-related fractionation in {delta}{superscript 1}N depletion. Altered gene expression of Hacd2 and Acot12 in V14 tumours after DCA treatment was reflected in shorter fatty acid tails in phosphatidyl cholines, supporting the lipidomics data.

ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that cancer-associated metabolic reprogramming influences natural isotope abundance. Correlations between isotope shifts and metabolic signatures highlight the potential of lipid-derived {delta}{superscript 1}N as a biomarker of tumour metabolic state, with implications for noninvasive metabolic profiling in BrCa.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=141 SRC="FIGDIR/small/710495v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>TEA, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letertre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boccard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiphorst, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanchet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croyal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tcherkez, G. G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.09.710495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breast cancer metabolism and responsiveness to dichloroacetate: relationships with 15N and 13C natural abundance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cultural norms of exogamy and mobility shape hunter-gatherer genetic evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710787v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Through a hunting and gathering lifestyle, humans have managed to thrive across all terrestrial ecosystems. A key adaptive feature enabling this ecological success is the ability of hunter-gatherer societies to maintain high levels of genetic diversity despite ecological and demographic shocks, but the mechanisms underlying this resilience are poorly understood. Here we integrate genomic, demographic, mobility and ethnographic data from two Central African hunter-gatherer populations to show that genetic diversity emerges from interacting effects of population size, mobility and cultural norms governing marriage. We first demonstrate direct selection against background homozygosity: even modest increases in runs of homozygosity, in the near absence of close-kin marriage, are associated with reduced reproductive success. Despite regional differences in effective population size, clustering of relatives, sedentism and exogamy rules, overall levels of homozygosity are similarly low in both populations. These shared genetic outcomes are achieved through distinct strategies: in one region, strict exogamy combined with high lifetime mobility limits local relatedness, whereas in the other, more relaxed exogamy norms are offset by increased male mate-search distances that reduce offspring homozygosity. Together, our results show that human populations flexibly adjust mobility and social norms to demographic constraints to preserve genetic diversity and avoid fitness costs, revealing culture as a central component of human adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Padilla-Iglesias, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nganga, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amboulou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerbault, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Docquier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinicius, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manica, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migliano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cultural norms of exogamy and mobility shape hunter-gatherer genetic evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Joint Geometric--Chemical Distance for Protein Surfaces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein function is executed at the molecular surface, where shape and chemistry act together to govern interaction. Yet most comparison methods treat these aspects separately, privileging either global fold or local descriptors and missing their coupled organization. Here we introduce IFACE (Intrinsic Field-Aligned Coupled Embedding), a correspondence-based framework that aligns protein surfaces through probabilistic coupling of intrinsic geometry with spatially distributed chemical fields. From this alignment, we derive a joint geometric-chemical distance that integrates structural and physicochemical discrepancies within a single formulation. Across diverse proteins, this distance separates conformational variability from true structural divergence more effectively than fold-based similarity measures. Applied to the cytochrome P450 family, it reveals coherent family-level organization and identifies conserved buried catalytic pockets despite the complex topology. By linking interpretable surface correspondences with a unified distance, IFACE establishes a principled basis for comparing protein interfaces and detecting functionally related interaction patches across proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swami, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmann, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tlusty, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Joint Geometric--Chemical Distance for Protein Surfaces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wild chimpanzees in Bugoma Forest, Uganda follow the Ugandan feeding ecology etiquette but exhibit cultural singularities: a case for the cultural junction hypothesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chimpanzees, amongst other primates, are characterized by the large variability of habitats they can be found in as well as a large behavioral, sometimes cultural diversity. Such observations have launched a decades-long debate on the roots of behavioral diversity, stressing the need to document this behavioral variability in context, such as by connecting closely related populations through localized analyses. This study presents the first comprehensive description of feeding ecology from the Mwera South chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) community in the Bugoma Central Forest Reserve, in Uganda, establishing a valuable baseline for this previously unstudied population and providing a comparative perspective on the populations of Western Uganda and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. By employing multiple methodological approaches, including direct observation and fecal analysis, we describe dietary composition, seasonal patterns, and environmental influences on feeding behavior. Characterizing the feeding ecology of this previously unstudied population is critical for examining how ecological factors might influence how feeding patterns evolve depending on resource availability or chimpanzee behavior, in particular by favoring analyses at the regional level. In addition, we can better evaluate to what extent behavioral differences between chimpanzee communities stem from ecological constraints and/or cultural transmission pathways. Our findings suggest that the Bugoma chimpanzees seat at the location of a historic cultural junction, opening a large array of questions about historic movements and cultural diffusion in Eastern chimpanzees.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mannion, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hobaiter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wild chimpanzees in Bugoma Forest, Uganda follow the Ugandan feeding ecology etiquette but exhibit cultural singularities: a case for the cultural junction hypothesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.710517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical excitability inversely modulates fMRI connectivity via low-frequency neuronal coupling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.710517v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural mechanisms supporting fMRI connectivity are poorly understood. Leveraging an aggregated analysis of novel and existing chemogenetic manipulations and electrophysiological recordings in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), we show that local cortical excitability inversely modulates large-scale fMRI connectivity. Specifically, we find that bidirectional chemogenetic manipulations of cortical excitability produce opposite effects on fMRI connectivity, resulting in fMRI hypoconnectivity when excitability is enhanced, and fMRI hyperconnectivity when excitability is suppressed, despite corresponding increases or decreases in local neuronal firing. Notably, while each chemogenetic manipulation produces a distinct profile of interareal electrophysiological coherence, only low-frequency (< 4Hz) coherence predicts the direction and magnitude of the ensuing fMRI connectivity changes. Biophysical network modelling shows that the observed electrophysiological coherence profiles can arise from the interaction between direct inter-area communication changes mediated by local firing-rate variations, and shared larger-scale low-frequency covariation of ongoing neuronal activity. Together, our results reveal an inverse relationship between regional cortical excitability and large-scale fMRI connectivity, and indicate that fMRI connectivity is primarily supported by low frequency (<4 Hz) electrophysiological coupling. These findings open new avenues for modeling and interpreting fMRI connectivity in health, and in response to pathological or exogenous perturbations linked to cortical excitability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sastre-Yague, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco Malerba, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocchi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuefer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coletta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markicevic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvino, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zerbi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galbusera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MAriani, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panzeri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gozzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.12.710517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical excitability inversely modulates fMRI connectivity via low-frequency neuronal coupling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FLASH Radiotherapy is faster than a heartbeat: A compartmental model to illustrate the interplay between tissue oxygen perfusion and ultra-high dose rate effects. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultra-high-dose-rate therapy enhances the protection of normal tissues and reduces side effects while effectively controlling tumors. This biological phenomenon is called the FLASH effect, and when observed, therapy is called FLASH Radiotherapy (FLASH-RT). Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain how ultra-high dose rates achieve these effects under different conditions, with the impact of tissue oxygen perfusion still needing further investigation. FLASH-RT involves brief exposure to radiation, which results in fewer heartbeats occurring during the irradiation period, which could lead to reduced tissue oxygen perfusion occurring during the treatment timeframe. Therefore, we developed a compartmental model to simulate oxygen transfer and its interaction with radiation. The proposed model consists of three compartments: 1) the heart and arteries; 2) the irradiated brains blood vessels and capillaries; and 3) the irradiated brain tissue. We employed a system of differential equations, incorporating experimental data from in vivo oxygen measurements using the Oxyphor probe in the brain, to fit the model parameters to the experimental results. This model shows how dose rate and oxygen perfusion could influence chemical processes such as lipid peroxidation, potentially leading to differential biological effects. Our analysis of lipid peroxidation as a function of dose rate revealed a sigmoidal dose-rate-response curve that correlates well with several published biological response datasets. Our results indicate that the differential chemical effects of FLASH-RT compared with conventional dose rates may depend on factors such as oxygen perfusion, consumption, and tissue oxygen tension. This suggests that the temporal dynamics of oxygen could play a crucial role in enhancing the therapeutic window for FLASH-RT treatments. Furthermore, it suggests that the magnitude of some observed FLASH effects may vary across tissues or tumors and across experimental models, given differential oxygen dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ballesteros-Zebadua, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grilij, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco-Perez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vozenin, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abolfath, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.12.711443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FLASH Radiotherapy is faster than a heartbeat: A compartmental model to illustrate the interplay between tissue oxygen perfusion and ultra-high dose rate effects.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.711072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Htr3a receptors control attenuation of fear responses by modulating the corticolimbic network activity and synchronization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.711072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fear circuit orchestrates defensive responses to environmental threats and is essential for survival. Dysregulation of this system is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders. Within this fear circuit, the corticolimbic network, particularly the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), is strongly modulated by serotonin. Previous studies have shown that Htr3a knockout (Htr3a-KO) mice exhibit deficits in the extinction of cued fear memory; however, the circuit level mechanisms underlying these impairments remain unknown. Here, we investigated this question by recording local field potentials evoked by auditory conditioned stimuli (CS) in the prelimbic (PrL), infralimbic (IL), and basolateral amygdala (BLA) of head-fixed wild-type (WT) and Htr3a-KO mice prior to fear conditioning and during fear memory retrieval. Behaviorally, Htr3a-KO mice displayed a delayed attenuation of fear-induced freezing during cued fear memory retrieval, whereas WT mice showed a rapid attenuation in freezing. Electrophysiologically, Htr3a-KO mice exhibited reduced fear-evoked theta power in the PrL, IL, and BLA, along with diminished mPFC-BLA theta synchrony. Moreover, theta-phase modulation of gamma oscillations within the BLA, which has been shown to increase during fear states, was perturbed in the absence of Htr3a signaling. Together, these findings indicate that Htr3a is critical for maintaining proper oscillatory dynamics within the mPFC-BLA circuit and for supporting effective attenuation of learned fear.

Highlights- Attenuation of fear responses during fear memory retrieval sessions is protracted in Htr3a knock-out mice
- The fear-induced theta response in the medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala is less powerful in the Htr3a knock-out mice than in wild-type
- Htr3a knock-out mice show a deficit in fear-induced synchronization as well as in theta modulation of gamma power in the cortico-limbic network
- These results suggest that malfunction of the Htr3a receptor cause alterations in fear network circuit mechanisms that might be linked to deficits in fear responses attenuation
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zewdie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MARISSAL, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birot, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quairiaux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.711072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Htr3a receptors control attenuation of fear responses by modulating the corticolimbic network activity and synchronization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.711994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A biochemical probe for microtubule lattice integrity uncovers motor-caused lattice damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.711994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubules experience mechanical and enzymatic stresses that can compromise lattice integrity, yet where and how lattice damage forms remains poorly understood due to the lack of tools that directly visualize damage as it occurs. Existing approaches infer damage indirectly through repair events or rely on static ultrastructural snapshots, precluding dynamic analysis. Here, we introduce MT-DS (Microtubule Damage Sensor), a damage-selective fluorescent probe that directly labels microtubule lattice openings. MT-DS combines taxane-based microtubule binding with a multivalent protein scaffold to restrict intraluminal diffusion and selectively retain the probe at sites of lattice openings. Using MT-DS, we visualize intrinsic lattice defects in stabilized microtubules, uncover a strong enrichment of damage at annealing sites, and demonstrate that kinesin-1{Delta}6 actively generates de novo lattice damage during motility. By enabling direct, time-resolved detection of microtubule damage, MT-DS establishes lattice integrity as an experimentally accessible parameter and provides a chemical tool to investigate how mechanical stress reshapes the microtubule cytoskeleton.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aumeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egoldt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reymond, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velluz, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoogendoorn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.711994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A biochemical probe for microtubule lattice integrity uncovers motor-caused lattice damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensory processing reallocation from external to internal signals in REM sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712081v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain continuously integrates information from the external environment (exteroception) and the internal bodily milieu (interoception). How the balance between these two processing streams shifts across vigilance states with differing levels of environmental responsiveness, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we examined neural responses to external auditory and internal cardiac signals across wakefulness and REM sleep microstates - tonic and phasic REM - which are characterized by progressively reduced responsiveness to external stimulation. High-density EEG was recorded in healthy participants (n=25). Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and heartbeat evoked potentials (HEPs) served as indices of exteroception and interoception, respectively, and were compared across vigilance states. AEPs progressively decreased from wakefulness to tonic REM and were most attenuated during phasic REM. In contrast, HEPs were preserved across REM microstates and were enhanced relative to wakefulness, indicating sustained - and even amplified - processing of cardiac signals during REM sleep. To quantify the relative weighting of external and internal signals, we introduce an exteroceptive-interoceptive index, defined as the ratio of auditory to cardiac neural responses. This index decreased systematically across vigilance states, revealing a graded shift from externally oriented processing during wakefulness to internally oriented processing during phasic REM, with tonic REM occupying an intermediate position. Together, these findings demonstrate that while responsiveness to external stimuli diminishes during phasic REM, the brain continues to prioritize physiologically relevant internal signals. The exteroceptive-interoceptive balance may thus provide a novel, mechanistically grounded marker of altered consciousness, particularly informative in contexts where behavioural responsiveness cannot be assessed.

Graphical abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cataldi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelentritou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Lucia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.712081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensory processing reallocation from external to internal signals in REM sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early microglial activation in the TME enables FLASH-RT to eradicate medulloblastoma while promoting neuron-astrocyte crosstalk to minimize toxicity in the hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundFLASH-RT defines a promising treatment modality against medulloblastoma, as it minimizes treatment-related complications. To support its clinical translation, we dissected the cellular and molecular determinants of the FLASH response in the tumor-microenvironment (TME) and healthy hippocampus using an orthotopic human medulloblastoma mouse model treated with a hypo-fractionated FLASH regimen.

MethodsFive cohorts of 4 weeks-old UW228-MB-bearing female nude mice (n=57) were irradiated, or sham-irradiated using 3x10 Gy (BED=60), delivered 48h apart at 0.1 Gy/s (CONV) or 5.5x106 Gy/s (FLASH) using an electron beam (eRT6). Digital spatial profiling (DSP) was performed 24h after radiotherapy in one cohort, while the four other cohorts were followed for long-term tumor response, cognition, and neuroinflammation.

ResultsBoth CONV and FLASH-RT induced a complete and long-lasting anti-tumor response in 100% of animals associated with cognitive decline. However, more mice maintained a very good discrimination score after FLASH exposure (38%) than CONV (7%). DSP revealed a sustained microglial activation in the cerebellar tumor micro-environment, where FLASH enhanced expression of genes with phagocytic and proteolytic activity. In the tumor free hippocampus, FLASH exposure induced a preferential neuron/astrocyte transcriptional crosstalk, which manifested over protracted times to minimize neuroinflammation and cognitive complications.

ConclusionThe study shows the tumor-ablative efficacy of hypo-fractionated FLASH-RT in a human medulloblastoma mouse model. It is associated with qualitatively distinct transcriptional signatures prone to tumor and debris clearance mediated by microglial cells of the TME. Moreover, in the hippocampus, FLASH mitigates radiation-induced neurotoxicity by enhancing genes involved in synaptic plasticity, attenuating neuroinflammation, and preserving metabolic function.

Key PointsO_LIComplete response of medulloblastoma and reduction of neurotoxicity with hypo-fractionated FLASH regimen.
C_LIO_LIClearance-prone phagocytic and proteolytic activity in the microglia of the TME.
C_LIO_LINeuron/astrocyte transcriptional crosstalk in the hippocampus.
C_LI

Importance of the studyThis study constitutes a milestone for the future implementation of FLASH-RT in the treatment of children with brain cancer. It shows that FLASH does not protect medulloblastoma and on the contrary can be ablative when delivered in 3 fractions of 10 Gy. FLASH promotes a metabolically active, phagocytosis-prone phenotype in microglial cells consistent with immune activation and tumor surveillance, in contrast to the proliferative and immunosuppressive signaling programs induced by CONV. It also shows how FLASH may differentially shape long-term brain function in patients with brain tumors by modifying the transcriptional program of hippocampal subregions known to be critical for memory encoding, pattern separation, and consolidation. In summary, this study supports the idea that FLASH has the potential to shift treatment paradigms and change the dismal therapeutic outcome in patients with brain cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knol, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco Perez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunz, L. v.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petit, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Job, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollivier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grilj, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limoli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vozenin, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballesteros Zebadua, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.712103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early microglial activation in the TME enables FLASH-RT to eradicate medulloblastoma while promoting neuron-astrocyte crosstalk to minimize toxicity in the hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712419v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diffractive scanning live volumetric two-photon microscopy within the contracting mouse intestine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.712419v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Obtaining structural information from the enteric nervous system (ENS) within intact intestinal tissue requires microscopy systems capable of imaging through multiple tissue layers and during ongoing physiological motion. Tissue opacity, three-dimensional geometry, and spontaneous contractions strongly constrain volumetric imaging, limiting the applicability of most conventional linear optical techniques to imaging in either dissected, stretched or pharmacologically suppressed tissues. We apply Spectro-temporal Laser Imaging by Diffracted Excitation (SLIDE) microscopy, a diffraction-based scanning approach enabling fast volumetric two-photon imaging, to record the ENS in an intact ex vivo intestinal preparation from a transgenic mouse line expressing the red fluorescent protein TdTomato in peripheral and enteric neurons and glia. We achieved fast volumetric imaging during spontaneous contractions, capable of resolving micrometer-scale displacements in three dimensions, without inducing observable photodamage or compromising tissue viability over the experimental timescale. This work establishes 4D-SLIDE microscopy as a robust experimental framework for visualizing enteric neural structures within their native three-dimensional context during physiological motion, with direct relevance for conditions involving altered intestinal mechanics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jurkevicius, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alata, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiggert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rixius, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinhards, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thielking, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Favre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theissen-Kunde, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacina, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karpf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanden Berghe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.712419</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diffractive scanning live volumetric two-photon microscopy within the contracting mouse intestine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of the Arabidopsis receptor kinase SRF6 ectodomain determined from crystals obtained using the LRR crystallisation screen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant-specific membrane receptor kinases with structurally diverse extracellular domains regulate key processes in plant growth, development, immunity and symbiosis. Structural studies of these glycoproteins are often hampered by the limited quantities in which they can be obtained. Here, we describe the LRR crystallization screen, which has enabled the successful crystallization and structure determination of multiple receptor kinase ectodomains, including ligand-and co-receptor-bound complexes. As an example, we report the 1.5 [A] resolution crystal structure of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of STRUBBELIG-RECEPTOR FAMILY 6 (SRF6) from Arabidopsis thaliana. The SRF6 ectodomain contains seven LRRs and a disulfide-bond-stabilised N-terminal capping domain but lacks the canonical C-terminal cap and the N-glycosylation pattern typically observed in other family members. Previously reported protein-protein interactions between the SRF6 and SRF7 ectodomains and the receptor kinases BRI1, BRL1, BRL3, SERK3 and BIR1-3 could not be confirmed by quantitative isothermal titration calorimetry and grating-coupled interferometry assays, suggesting that these structurally conserved LRR receptor kinases may have signalling functions outside the brassinosteroid pathway.

SynopsisA crystallisation screen that has enabled the structural analysis of various extracellular domains of plant membrane receptor kinases is described together.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caregnato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohmann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hothorn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.713188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of the Arabidopsis receptor kinase SRF6 ectodomain determined from crystals obtained using the LRR crystallisation screen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNase E resolves toxic condensates by counteracting phase separation of Type II RhlB helicases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many Proteobacteria, the RNA helicase RhlB is a component of the RNA degradosome, a multi-protein complex involved in RNA processing and degradation. Within this complex, RhlB interacts with the scaffold endoribonuclease RNase E. In Escherichia coli, allosteric activation of RhlB by RNase E has defined the current paradigm for RhlB regulation. Here we identify a distinct clade of RhlB helicases, exemplified by Pseudomonas aeruginosa RhlB, which we designate Type II. Unlike Type I RhlB, Type II RhlB helicases contain an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region that drives RNA-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation and enhances RhlB activity. Biochemical, structural, and functional analyses show that P. aeruginosa RNase E binds RhlB through an interface distinct from that described in the E. coli model and, rather than stimulating activity, antagonizes RhlB phase separation. Excessive RhlB condensation impairs bacterial growth at low temperature, and RNase E-mediated control of RhlB condensation maintains growth under these conditions. Together, these findings reveal that conserved RNA degradosome components can engage in distinct regulatory interactions across species and identify condensate dissolution as a novel mechanism regulating RNA helicase activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hausmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guex-Crosier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.23.713837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNase E resolves toxic condensates by counteracting phase separation of Type II RhlB helicases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.25.714103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic features of the RNase E membrane targeting sequence specify RNA degradosome organisation and activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.25.714103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In bacteria, transcription and RNA degradation are physically separated via segregation of the main ribonucleolytic machinery - the RNA degradosome - into phase-separated or membrane-anchored molecular assemblies driven by RNase E. Despite the widespread conservation of an amphipathic membrane anchor (MTS) in RNase E, the regulatory information embedded within this sequence and its biological importance remain poorly understood. Here, we have studied the importance of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa RNase E MTS for bacterial fitness or virulence and assessed its interchangeability. We show that amphipathicity is dispensable for foci scaffolding but necessary for proper foci morphology, dynamics, and localisation, although sequence modulates foci behaviour. Loss of the MTS additionally causes a drastic sensitivity to high salinity and a consistent virulence defect in Galleria mellonella larvae. Moreover, transcriptomics and analysis of mRNA spatial organisation reveal that the MTS mutant has specific stabilisation of localised membrane protein-encoding transcripts, together with abnormal operon processing. Altogether, our study highlights the elegant MTS-mediated control of spatial organisation and target selection, shaping the transcriptome and bacterial stress response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geslain, S. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.25.714103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic features of the RNase E membrane targeting sequence specify RNA degradosome organisation and activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Individual connectome fingerprints reveal early stabilization and long-term circuit remodeling after stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stroke is one of the leading causes of global disability, yet the principles governing how focal brain injury disrupts large-scale neural connectivity over time remain poorly understood. Here, we leverage a longitudinal multimodal dataset to track the evolution of individual-specific connectivity patterns, or  brain fingerprints, over the first year after stroke. Despite a persistent shift from healthy architecture, we demonstrate that each patients unique functional connectome fingerprint is remarkably resilient and stabilizes within three weeks. This early global stabilization masks a protracted system-specific reorganization of brain circuits, which is characterized by an initial increase in connectivity within sensory and attention systems, followed by a decline across higher-level association networks. A joint structure-function embedding further shows that recovery involves a gradual shift toward the normative healthy range, driven primarily by functional reconfiguration atop a stable structural lesion. Crucially, a multivariate prediction model reveals that early functional signatures selectively forecast long-term impairment in language, executive function, and attention. Together, our results define the post-stroke brain as a shifting but constrained dynamical system, identifying early-stabilized brain patterns as biomarkers for individual recovery profiles and targets for personalized neurorehabilitation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santoro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucatelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Windel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lugli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preti, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleury, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petruso, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beanato, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van De Ville, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummel, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amico, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Individual connectome fingerprints reveal early stabilization and long-term circuit remodeling after stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type composition drives patient stratification in single-cell RNA-seq cohorts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early transcriptomic studies demonstrated that unsupervised analysis of bulk gene expression can reveal clinically meaningful patient subgroups. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides high-resolution characterization of cellular heterogeneity and therefore enables more refined patient stratification. Several computational approaches have been proposed to summarize single-cell data into sample-level representations for cohort-level exploratory analyses. However, these methods generally do not explicitly account for the compositional nature of cell-type proportions. Based on eleven scRNA-seq cohorts across different biological conditions, we evaluated several state-of-the-art sample representation methods for their ability to recover known biological groupings in an unsupervised setting. Surprisingly, we found that baseline approaches based on cell-type composition and pseudobulk gene expression consistently matched or outperformed more complex methods while requiring orders of magnitude fewer computational resources. In particular, centered log-ratio-transformed cell-type proportions achieved the highest stratification performance and demonstrated robustness to batch effects. The stratification signal was frequently concentrated in a small subset of highly variable cell types, and performance was robust across diverse cell type annotation strategies. Altogether, these results suggest that clinically relevant inter-sample variation in scRNA-seq cohorts is largely driven by differences in cell-type composition. Importantly, compositional representations directly link cohort-level structure to specific cell populations, enabling mechanistic interpretation and facilitating clinical translation. We provide scECODA, an open-source R package for scalable and interpretable cohort-level Exploratory COmpositional Data Analysis of scRNA-seq data, and establish cell-type compositional representations as a powerful and interpretable baseline for unsupervised patient stratification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Halter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreatta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmona, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type composition drives patient stratification in single-cell RNA-seq cohorts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmodium Protein Kinase 2 is required for ookinete to oocyst transition, and parasite transmission by the mosquito. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714672v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasmodium spp., the parasites that are the causative agents of malaria, encode a repertoire of divergent protein kinases that coordinate essential processes including cell division and host cell invasion, yet the functions of many kinases are poorly defined. Plasmodium Protein Kinase 2 (PK2) is essential for asexual blood-stage proliferation and has been implicated in P. falciparum merozoite invasion of red blood cells. However, its role in the sexual stages of the Plasmodium life cycle responsible for transmission is unknown. Here, using live cell imaging, functional analyses, ultrastructure microscopy and phosphoproteomics, we demonstrate that PK2 has a significant role in the Plasmodium berghei life cycle in the mosquito. We show that PK2 is expressed in merozoites, ookinetes and sporozoites - the invasive stages of the parasite life cycle. A conditional knockdown approach revealed that PK2 is required for the ookinete to oocyst transition in the mosquito midgut, potentially associated with altered microneme positioning. Using haemocoel injection to bypass the midgut barrier revealed that PK2 is also required for sporozoite development after midgut invasion. Following PK2 knockdown, global proteome abundance was largely unaffected at 24 h post activation, whereas phosphoproteomics identified changes in phosphorylation of proteins linked to midgut traversal, parasite architecture, and gene regulation. These studies provide insight into the importance of PK2 function in Plasmodium sexual stages and parasite transmission through the mosquito, highlighting its essential function during the three invasive stages of the parasites life cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pashley, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hair, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ukegbu, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeeshan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquarello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hainard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttery, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christophides, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlachou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmodium Protein Kinase 2 is required for ookinete to oocyst transition, and parasite transmission by the mosquito.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A non-invasive approach for understanding localized force generation in 3D tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development, maintenance and repair of epithelial tissues critically rely on adhesion complexes that ensure structural integrity while enabling dynamic remodeling. Such tissue remodeling underpins both physiological morphogenesis and pathological transformation. Central to these processes are mechanical forces, which tightly couple cytoskeletal organization to adhesion dynamics. Despite extensive investigations in two-dimensional (2D) systems, how these interactions are orchestrated within polarized three-dimensional (3D) epithelia remains largely unresolved. Here, we introduce a new, non-invasive strategy to probe localized force generation within 3D epithelial tissues. We engineered elastic polyacrylamide (PAAm) microbeads with cell-mimetic size and mechanical properties, enabling their seamless integration. In contrast to conventional bead injection approaches, these PAAm microbeads were spontaneously engulfed by the tissue, thereby establishing an intrinsic interface through which bead deformation can be directly correlated with local cytoskeletal architecture and adhesion organization, as visualized through high-resolution imaging combined with quantitative 3D computational reconstruction. Using this approach, we demonstrated that localized mechanical perturbations trigger pronounced cytoskeletal remodelling while preserving global tissue polarity. We further identified the extracellular matrix composition as key determinant of bead-tissue interactions, with collagen-I coating promoting robust adhesion and efficient incorporation. At the bead-cell interface, cells assembled tension-bearing focal adhesions and organized actin stress fibers, revealing the emergence of active cortical stress. Strikingly, quantitative analysis of bead deformation revealed a previously unrecognized mechanical duality: spatially segregated regions of pulling and pushing forces coexisted at the microscale, directly correlated with local cytoskeleton dynamics. This finding challenges the prevailing view of homogenous force application and instead supports a model in which cells deploy highly coordinated and spatially patterned force-generating strategies. Altogether, this integrative and non-invasive strategy offers a comprehensive pipeline for dissecting the dynamic interplay between cellular processes and tissue mechanics during morphogenesis in 3D model systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gouirand, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahimi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valotteau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecouffe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Bivic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massey Harroche, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rico, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delacour, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazellieres, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.01.715811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A non-invasive approach for understanding localized force generation in 3D tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deletion of TNFR1 in astrocytes restores memory in aged Alzheimer's disease mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astrocytes participate in local inflammation and cognitive decline in Alzheimers disease (AD). Aberrant cytokine TNF signaling via astrocyte type-1 receptor (aTNFR1) could causally link the two AD pathology aspects. To verify this hypothesis, we crossed transgenic AD mice with mice enabling astrocyte-specific conditional TNFR1 deletion (aTNFR1KO). Induction of aTNFR1KO at early AD stages, preserved memory and reduced {beta}-amyloid load and astrogliosis in the aged mice. Induction of aTNFR1KO at late AD stages, in mice already memory-impaired, surprisingly produced rapid memory rescue, without affecting {beta}-amyloid load and astrogliosis. Single nucleus-RNA-seq analysis of all hippocampal cell populations revealed that late-stage aTNFR1KO rapidly modifies gene expression mainly in neurons, primarily targeting synaptic pathways, causing combined glutamatergic downregulation and GABAergic up-regulation. Consistently, hippocampal EEGs showed a pro-inhibitory effect of aTNFR1KO, which thus restores memory by "rebalancing" hippocampal circuitry excitability. This pro-memory effect identifies a new mechanism and astrocyte target against cognitive decline in AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kikuchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zalachoras, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Ceglia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mameli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volterra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.02.716130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deletion of TNFR1 in astrocytes restores memory in aged Alzheimer's disease mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.05.716577v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular architecture of the ciliary base in mammalian multiciliated cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.05.716577v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiciliated epithelial cells (MCCs) generate tens to hundreds of motile cilia to drive fluid flow in diverse physiological contexts. While the axonemal structure of motile cilia has been described extensively in recent years, the molecular architecture of the transition zone, basal body, and surrounding ciliary environment of MCCs remain more elusive. Here, we use cryo-focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) milling and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to obtain in situ 3D views of the ciliary base within intact MCCs from mammalian trachea, complemented by in situ cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL/MS) and ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) for molecular identification. Our data reveal spatially-defined modifications of microtubule architecture from the proximal centriole to the early axoneme, including transition zone-specific features such as an A-B linker bridging microtubule doublets and a helical assembly of microtubule inner proteins (MIPs). We show that the ciliary necklace, a feature observed in many motile cilia, is spatially aligned with the transition zone and quantify its regular organization within the membrane. Our in situ data capture rarely observed events, including intraflagellar transport (IFT) trains connecting to ciliary vesicles tethered to undocked centrioles. The surrounding ciliary environment contains intermediate filaments that encircle the basal bodies and bundled actin filaments that elaborate microvilli structures between the cilia. Integration of XL/MS and U-ExM identified novel microtubule associated proteins (MAPs), MIPs, and membrane-associated proteins localized to these distinct subdomains. This work provides a molecular and structural map of the mammalian MCC ciliary base, revealing architectural principles that underlie its assembly, organization, and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCafferty, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Hoek, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buss, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van der Stappen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Righetto, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stearns, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.05.716577</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular architecture of the ciliary base in mammalian multiciliated cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
