<rdf:RDF xmlns:admin="http://webns.net/mvcb/" xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:prism="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/prism/" xmlns:taxo="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/taxonomy/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:syn="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/">
<channel rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org">
<admin:errorReportsTo rdf:resource="mailto:biorxiv@cshlpress.edu"/>
<title>bioRxiv Channel: Queensland University of Technology</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "Queensland University of Technology"
</description>

<items>
<rdf:Seq>
</rdf:Seq>
</items>
<prism:eIssn/>
<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
<prism:issn/>

<image rdf:resource=""/>
</channel>
<image rdf:about="">
<title>bioRxiv</title>
<url/>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
</image>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005538v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hip and knee kinematics display complex and time-varying sagittal kinematics during repetitive stepping: Implications for design of a functional fatigue model of the knee extensors and flexors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005538v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The validity of fatigue protocols involving multi-joint movements, such as stepping, has yet to be clearly defined. Although surface electromyography can monitor the fatigue state of individual muscles, the effects of joint angle and velocity variation on signal parameters are well established. Therefore, the aims of this study were to i) describe sagittal hip and knee kinematics during repetitive stepping ii) identify periods of high inter-trial variability and iii) determine within-test reliability of hip and knee kinematic profiles. A group of healthy men (N = 15) ascended and descended from a knee-high platform wearing a weighted vest (10%BW) for 50 consecutive trials. The hip and knee underwent rapid flexion and extension during step ascent and descent. Variability of hip and knee velocity peaked between 20-40% of the ascent phase and 80-100% of the descent. Significant (p<0.05) reductions in joint range of motion and peak velocity during step ascent were observed, while peak flexion velocity increased during descent. Healthy individuals use complex hip and knee motion to negotiate a knee-high step with kinematic patterns varying across multiple repetitions. These findings have important implications for future studies intending to use repetitive stepping as a fatigue model for the knee extensors and flexors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corey Scholes</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael McDonald</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony Parker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/005538</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hip and knee kinematics display complex and time-varying sagittal kinematics during repetitive stepping: Implications for design of a functional fatigue model of the knee extensors and flexors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/008318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Choosing an appropriate modelling framework for analysing multispecies co-culture cell biology experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/008318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vitro cell biology assays play a crucial role in informing our understanding of the migratory, proliferative and invasive properties of many cell types in different biological contexts. While mono-culture assays involve the study of a population of cells composed of a single cell type, co-culture assays study a population of cells composed of multiple cell types (or subpopulations of cells). Such co-culture assays can provide more realistic insights into many biological processes including tissue repair, tissue regeneration and malignant spreading. Typically, system parameters, such as motility and proliferation rates, are estimated by calibrating a mathematical or computational model to the observed experimental data. However, parameter estimates can be highly sensitive to the choice of model and modelling framework. This observation motivates us to consider the fundamental question of how we can best choose a model to facilitate accurate parameter estimation for a particular assay. In this work we describe three mathematical models of mono-culture and co-culture assays that include different levels of spatial detail. We study various spatial summary statistics to explore if they can be used to distinguish between the suitability of each model over a range of parameter space. Our results for mono-culture experiments are promising, in that we suggest two spatial statistics that can be used to direct model choice. However, co-culture experiments are far more challenging: we show that these same spatial statistics which provide useful insight into mono-culture systems are insufficient for co-culture systems. Therefore, we conclude that great care ought to be exercised when estimating the parameters of co-culture assays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deborah C Markham</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew J Simpson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruth E Baker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/008318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Choosing an appropriate modelling framework for analysing multispecies co-culture cell biology experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/011122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exact solutions of linear reaction-diffusion processes on a uniformly growing domain: Criteria for successful colonization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/011122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many processes during embryonic development involve transport and reaction of molecules, or transport and proliferation of cells, within growing tissues. Mathematical models of such processes usually take the form of a reaction-diffusion partial differential equation (PDE) on a growing domain. Previous analyses of such models have mainly involved solving the PDEs numerically. Here, we present a framework for calculating the exact solution of a linear reaction-diffusion PDE on a growing domain. We derive an exact solution for a general class of one-dimensional linear reaction-diffusion process on 0 < x < L(t), where L(t) is the length of the growing domain. Comparing our exact solutions with numerical approximations confirms the veracity of the method. Furthermore, our examples illustrate a delicate interplay between: (i) the rate at which the domain elongates, (ii) the diffusivity associated with the spreading density profile, (iii) the reaction rate, and (iv) the initial condition. Altering the balance between these four features leads to different outcomes in terms of whether an initial profile, located near x = 0, eventually overcomes the domain growth and colonizes the entire length of the domain by reaching the boundary where x = L(t).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matthew J Simpson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/011122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exact solutions of linear reaction-diffusion processes on a uniformly growing domain: Criteria for successful colonization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exact solutions of coupled multispecies linear reaction-diffusion equations on a uniformly growing domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Embryonic development involves diffusion and proliferation of cells, as well as diffusion and reaction of molecules, within growing tissues. Mathematical models of these processes often involve reaction-diffusion equations on growing domains that have been primarily studied using approximate numerical solutions. Recently, we have shown how to obtain an exact solution to a single, uncoupled, linear reaction-diffusion equation on a growing domain, 0 < x < L(t), where L(t) is the domain length. The present work is an extension of our previous study, and we illustrate how to solve a system of coupled reaction-diffusion equations on a growing domain. This system of equations can be used to study the spatial and temporal distributions of different generations of cells within a population that diffuses and proliferates within a growing tissue. The exact solution is obtained by applying an uncoupling transformation, and the uncoupled equations are solved separately before applying the inverse uncoupling transformation to give the coupled solution. We present several example calculations to illustrate different types of behaviour. The first example calculation corresponds to a situation where the initially-confined population diffuses sufficiently slowly that it is unable to reach the moving boundary at x = L(t). In contrast, the second example calculation corresponds to a situation where the initially-confined population is able to overcome the domain growth and reach the moving boundary at x = L(t). In its basic format, the uncoupling transformation at first appears to be restricted to deal only with the case where each generation of cells has a distinct proliferation rate. However, we also demonstrate how the uncoupling transformation can be used when each generation has the same proliferation rate by evaluating the exact solutions as an appropriate limit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matthew Simpson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jesse Sharp</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liam Morrow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruth Baker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/026229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exact solutions of coupled multispecies linear reaction-diffusion equations on a uniformly growing domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Standard melanoma-associated markers do not identify the MM127 metastatic melanoma cell line 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reliable identification of different melanoma cell lines is important for many aspects of melanoma research. Common markers used to identify melanoma cell lines include: S100; HMB-45; and Melan-A. We explore the expression of these three markers in four different melanoma cell lines: WM35; WM793; SK-MEL-28; and MM127. The expression of these markers is examined at both the mRNA and protein level. Our results show that the metastatic cell line, MM127, cannot be detected using any of the commonly used melanoma-associated markers. This implies that it would be very difficult to identify this particular cell line in a heterogeneous sample, and as a result this cell line should be used with care.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parvathi Haridas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacqui McGovern</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahishek Kashyap</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sean McElwain</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew Simpson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/026633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Standard melanoma-associated markers do not identify the MM127 metastatic melanoma cell line]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting around 1 in 7 people worldwide, but its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Some debate exists over whether migraine is a disease of vascular dysfunction, or a result of neuronal dysfunction with secondary vascular changes. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have thus far identified 13 independent loci associated with migraine. To identify new susceptibility loci, we performed the largest genetic study of migraine to date, comprising 59,674 cases and 316,078 controls from 22 GWA studies. We identified 45 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with migraine risk (P < 5 x 10-8) that map to 38 distinct genomic loci, including 28 loci not previously reported and the first locus identified on chromosome X. Furthermore, a subset analysis for migraine without aura (MO) identified seven of the same loci as from the full sample, whereas no loci reached genome-wide significance in the migraine with aura (MA) subset. In subsequent computational analyzes, the identified loci showed enrichment for genes expressed in vascular and smooth muscle tissues, consistent with a predominant theory of migraine that highlights vascular etiologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Padhraig Gormley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verneri Anttila</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendik S Winsvold</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priit Palta</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonu Esko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tune H Pers</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kai-How Farh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ester Cuenca-Leon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikko Muona</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas A Furlotte</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobias Kurth</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andres Ingason</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George McMahon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lannie Ligthart</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gisela M Terwindt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikko Kallela</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobias M Freilinger</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caroline Ran</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott G Gordon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anine H Stam</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stacy Steinberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guntram Borck</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markku Koiranen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lydia Quaye</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hieab HH Adams</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terho Lehtimaki</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antti-Pekka Sarin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juho Wedenoja</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David A Hinds</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julie E Buring</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markus Schurks</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul M Ridker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maria Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hreinn Stefansson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susan M Ring</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jouke-Jan Hottenga</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenda WJH Penninx</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markus Farkkila</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ville Art</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mixMC: a multivariate statistical framework to gain insight into Microbial Communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Culture independent techniques, such as shotgun metagenomics and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing have dramatically changed the way we can examine microbial communities. Recently, changes in microbial community structure and dynamics have been associated with a growing list of human diseases. The identification and comparison of bacteria driving those changes requires the development of sound statistical tools, especially if microbial biomarkers are to be used in a clinical setting.nnWe present mixMC, a novel multivariate data analysis framework for metagenomic biomarker discovery. mixMC accounts for the compositional nature of 16S data and enables detection of subtle differences when high inter-subject variability is present due to microbial sampling performed repeatedly on the same subjects but in multiple habitats. Through data dimension reduction the multivariate methods provide insightful graphical visualisations to characterise each type of environment in a detailed manner.nnWe applied mixMC to 16S microbiome studies focusing on multiple body sites in healthy individuals, compared our results with existing statistical tools and illustrated added value of using multivariate methodologies to fully characterise and compare microbial communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim-Anh Le Cao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mary-Ellen Costello</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanessa Anne Lakis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francois Bartolo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin-Yi Chua</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remi Brazeilles</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascale Rondeau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/044206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mixMC: a multivariate statistical framework to gain insight into Microbial Communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergence of increased frequency and severity of multiple infections by viruses due to spatial clustering of hosts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple virus particles can infect a target host cell. Such multiple infections (MIs) have significant and varied ecological and evolutionary consequences for both virus and host populations. Yet, the in situ rates and drivers of MIs in virusmicrobe systems remain largely unknown. Here, we develop an individual-based model (IBM) of virus-microbe dynamics to probe how spatial interactions drive the frequency and nature of MIs. In our IBMs, we identify increasingly spatially correlated clusters of viruses given sufficient decreases viral movement. We also identify increasingly spatially correlated clusters of viruses and clusters of hosts given sufficient increases in viral infectivity. The emergence of clusters is associated with an increase in multiply infected hosts as compared to expectations from an analogous mean-field model. We also observe longtails in the distribution of the multiplicity of infection (MOI) in contrast to mean-field expectations that such events are exponentially rare. We show that increases in both the frequency and severity of MIs occur when viruses invade a cluster of uninfected microbes. We contend that population-scale enhancement of MI arises from an aggregate of invasion dynamics over a distribution of microbe cluster sizes. Our work highlights the need to consider spatially explicit interactions as a potentially key driver underlying the ecology and evolution of virus-microbe communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bradford P Taylor</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catherine J Penington</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua S Weitz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/048876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergence of increased frequency and severity of multiple infections by viruses due to spatial clustering of hosts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/052969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stochastic simulation tools and continuum models for describing two-dimensional collective cell spreading with universal growth functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/052969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two-dimensional collective cell migration assays are used to study cancer and tissue repair. These assays involve combined cell migration and cell proliferation processes, both of which are modulated by cell-to-cell crowding. Previous discrete models of collective cell migration assays involve a nearest-neighbour proliferation mechanism where crowding effects are incorporated by aborting potential proliferation events if the randomly chosen target site is occupied. There are two limitations of this traditional approach: (i) it seems unreasonable to abort a potential proliferation event based on the occupancy of a single, randomly chosen target site; and, (ii) the continuum limit description of this mechanism leads to the standard logistic growth function, but some experimental evidence suggests that cells do not always proliferate logistically. Motivated by these observations, we introduce a generalised proliferation mechanism which allows non-nearest neighbour proliferation events to take place over a template of r [&ge;] 1 concentric rings of lattice sites. Further, the decision to abort potential proliferation events is made using a crowding function, f (C), which accounts for the density of agents within a group of sites rather than dealing with the occupancy of a single randomly chosen site. Analysing the continuum limit description of the stochastic model shows that the standard logistic source term, {lambda}C(1 - C), where {lambda} is the proliferation rate, is generalised to a universal growth function, {lambda}Cf (C). Comparing the solution of the continuum description with averaged simulation data indicates that the continuum model performs well for many choices of f (C) and r. For nonlinear f (C), the quality of the continuum-discrete match increases with r.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang Jin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catherine Penington</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott McCue</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew Simpson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/052969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stochastic simulation tools and continuum models for describing two-dimensional collective cell spreading with universal growth functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/076794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic analyses for age at menarche identify 389 independent signals and indicate BMI-independent effects of puberty timing on cancer susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/076794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The timing of puberty is a highly polygenic childhood trait that is epidemiologically associated with various adult diseases. Here, we analyse 1000-Genome reference panel imputed genotype data on up to ~370,000 women and identify 389 independent signals (all P<5x10-8) for age at menarche, a notable milestone in female pubertal development. In Icelandic data from deCODE, these signals explain ~7.4% of the population variance in age at menarche, corresponding to one quarter of the estimated heritability. We implicate over 250 genes via coding variation or associated gene expression, and demonstrate enrichment across genes active in neural tissues. We identify multiple rare variants near the imprinted genes MKRN3 and DLK1 that exhibit large effects on menarche only when paternally inherited. Disproportionate effects of variants on early or late puberty timing are observed: single variant and heritability estimates are larger for early than late puberty timing in females. The opposite pattern is seen in males, with larger estimates for late than early puberty timing. Mendelian randomization analyses indicate causal inverse associations, independent of BMI, between puberty timing and risks for breast and endometrial cancers in women, and prostate cancer in men. In aggregate, our findings reveal new complexity in the genetic regulation of puberty timing and support new causal links with adult cancer risks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Felix Day</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deborah Thompson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannes Helgason</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Chasman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilary Finucane</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patrick Sulem</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katherine Ruth</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sean Whalen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abhishek Sarkar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eva Albrecht</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elisabeth Altmaier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marzyeh Amini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caterina Barbieri</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibaud Boutin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Archie Campbell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellen Demerath</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayush Giri</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chunyan He</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jouke Hottenga</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert Karlsson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivana Kolcic</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Po-Ru Loh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathryn Lunetta</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massimo Mangino</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brumat Marco</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerorge McMahon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarah Medland</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilja Nolte</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raymond Noordam</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teresa Nutile</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavinia Paternoster</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natalia Perjakova</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eleonora Porcu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynda Rose</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katharina Schraut</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayellet Segre</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert Smith</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisette Stolk</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander Teumer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irene Andrulis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefania Ban</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/076794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic analyses for age at menarche identify 389 independent signals and indicate BMI-independent effects of puberty timing on cancer susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Logistic proliferation of cells in scratch assays is delayed 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scratch assays are used to study how a population of cells re-colonises a vacant region on a two-dimensional substrate after a cell mono-layer is scratched. These experiments are used in many applications including drug design for the treatment of cancer and chronic wounds. To provide insights into the mechanisms that drive scratch assays, solutions of continuum reaction-diffusion models have been calibrated to data from scratch as-says. These models typically include a logistic source term to model carrying capacity-limited proliferation, however the choice of using a logistic source term is often made without examining whether it is valid. Here we study the proliferation of PC-3 prostate cancer cells in a scratch assay, and we focus on the proliferation of these cells far away from the scratch. All experimental results for the scratch assay are compared with equivalent results from a proliferation assay where the cell monolayer is not scratched. Visual inspection of the evolution of the cell density as a function of time reveals a series of sigmoid curves that could be naively calibrated to the solution of the logistic growth model. However, careful analysis of the per capita growth rate as a function of density reveals several key differences between the proliferation of cells in scratch and proliferation assays. The per capita growth rate in the proliferation assay decreases, approximately linearly, with density in the proliferation assay suggesting that the logistic growth model is valid for the entire duration of the proliferation assay. However, the per capita growth rate in the scratch assay increases with density when the density is sufficiently small in the scratch assay, suggesting that the logistic growth model does not apply. Instead, guided by data, we find that there are two phases of proliferation in a scratch assay. At short time we have a disturbance phase where proliferation is not logistic, and this is followed by a growth phase where proliferation appears to be logistic. Accounting for the differences in the growth and disturbance phase, we obtain biologically realistic estimates of the proliferation rate and carrying capacity density. In contrast, simply calibrating the solution of the logistic growth equation to all data from the scratch assays, we obtain an excellent match between the data and the model, but the parameter estimates vary wildly and are not biologically realistic. Overall our study shows that simply calibrating the solution of a continuum model to a scratch assay might produce misleading parameter estimates, and this issue can be resolved by making a distinction between the disturbance and growth phases. Repeating our procedure for other scratch assays will provide insight into the roles of the disturbance and growth phases for different cell lines and scratch assays performed on different substrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang Jin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esha T Shah</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catherine J Penington</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott W McCue</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip K Maini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew J Simpson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/077388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Logistic proliferation of cells in scratch assays is delayed]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/089383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic risk score to guide age-specific, personalized prostate cancer screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/089383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundProstate-specific-antigen (PSA) screening resulted in reduced prostate cancer (PCa) mortality in a large clinical trial, but due to a high false-positive rate, among other concerns, many guidelines do not endorse universal screening and instead recommend an individualized decision based on each patients risk. Genetic risk may provide key information to guide the decisions of whether and at what age to screen an individual man for PCa.nnMethodsGenotype, PCa status, and age from 34,444 men of European ancestry from the PRACTICAL consortium database were analyzed to select single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer diagnosis. These SNPs were then incorporated into a survival analysis to estimate their effects on age at PCa diagnosis. The resulting polygenic hazard score (PHS) is an assessment of individual genetic risk. The final model was validated in an independent dataset comprised of 6,417 men with screening PSA and genotype data. PHS was calculated for these men to test for prediction of PCa-free survival. PHS was also combined with age-specific PCa incidence data from the U.S. population to generate a PCa-Risk (PCaR) age that relates a given mans risk to that of the population average. PHS and PCaR age were evaluated for prediction of positive predictive value (PPV) of PSA screening.nnFindingsPHS calculated from 54 SNPs was very highly predictive of age at PCa diagnosis for men in the validation set (p =10-53). PPV of PSA screening varied from 0.18 to 0.52 for men with low and high genetic risk, respectively. PHS modulates PCa-free survival curves by an estimated 20 years between men in the 1st or 99th percentiles of genetic risk.nnInterpretationPolygenic hazard scores give personalized genetic risk estimates and can inform the decisions of whether and at what age to screen a man for PCa.nnFundingDepartment of Defense #W81XWH-13-1-0391
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seibert, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunamuni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eeles, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easton, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kote-Jarai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin Al Olama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benlloch Garcia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiklund, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleutker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sipeky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tammela, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordestgaard, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weischer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisbjerg, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roder, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iversen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Key, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travis, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdy, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pharoah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pashayan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaw, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luedeke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herkommer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kibel, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cybulski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wokolorczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluzniak, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon-Albright, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/089383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic risk score to guide age-specific, personalized prostate cancer screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/093930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ghrelin-Reactive Autoantibodies are elevated in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/093930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by developmental and growth abnormalities, insatiable appetite, and excessive eating (hyperphagia). The underlying cause of hyperphagia in PWS is currently unknown, however, elevated levels of the peptide hormone ghrelin is believed to contribute. Recently, ghrelin-reactive autoantibodies (isotype IgG) were identified in non-genetic obesity. These autoantibodies act as ghrelin carrier proteins and potentiate its orexigenic effects. Here, we describe the identification of ghrelin-reactive autoantibodies in a cohort of 16 children with PWS. In comparison to unaffected siblings, autoantibody levels are significantly increased in PWS children. We further show that autoantibody levels are unaffected by food intake, unlike plasma ghrelin which declines postprandially in both groups. Critically, we also demonstrate that the autoantibodies bind the major circulating ghrelin isoforms, unacylated ghrelin, which does not stimulate appetite, and the orexigen acylated ghrelin. In excess, unacylated ghrelin may compete with acylated ghrelin for autoantibody binding. Taken together, this is the first report on ghrelin-reactive antibodies in a pediatric population, and the first to demonstrate that the antibodies do not discriminate between orexigenic and non-orexigenic ghrelin isoforms. Our work suggests that ghrelin autoantibodies can be targeted using non-orexigenic forms of ghrelin, thereby providing a novel therapeutic target for PWS and for obesity in general.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crisp, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyunt, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffery, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/093930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ghrelin-Reactive Autoantibodies are elevated in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/098061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A combined meta-barcoding and shotgun metagenomic analysis of spontaneous wine fermentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/098061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wine is a complex beverage, comprising hundreds of metabolites produced through the action of yeasts and bacteria in fermenting grape must. To ensure a robust and reliable fermentation, most commercial wines are produced via inoculation with commercial strains of the major wine yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, there is a growing trend towards the use of uninoculated or "wild" fermentations, in which the yeasts and bacteria that are naturally associated with the vineyard and winery, perform the fermentation. In doing so, the varied metabolic contributions of the numerous non-Saccharomyces species in this microbial community are thought to impart complexity and desirable taste and aroma attributes to wild ferments in comparison to their inoculated counterparts.nnIn order the map the microflora of spontaneous fermentation, metagenomic techniques were used to characterize and monitor the progression of fungal species in several wild fermentations. Both amplicon-based ITS phylotyping (meta-barcoding) and shotgun metagenomics were used to assess community structure. While providing a sensitive and highly accurate means of characterizing the wine microbiome, the shotgun metagenomic data also uncovered a significant over-abundance bias in the ITS phylotyping abundance estimations for the common non-Saccharomyces wine yeast genus Metschnikowia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sternes, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutyna, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borneman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/098061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A combined meta-barcoding and shotgun metagenomic analysis of spontaneous wine fermentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/101824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new and accurate continuum description of moving fronts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/101824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Processes that involve moving fronts of populations are prevalent in ecology and cell biology. A common approach to describe these processes is a lattice-based random walk model, which can include mechanisms such as crowding, birth, death, movement and agent-agent adhesion. However, these models are generally analytically intractable and it is computationally expensive to perform sufficiently many realisations of the model to obtain an estimate of average behaviour that is not dominated by random fluctuations. To avoid these issues, both mean-field and corrected mean-field continuum descriptions of random walk models have been proposed. However, both continuum descriptions are inaccurate outside of limited parameter regimes, and corrected mean-field descriptions cannot be employed to describe moving fronts. Here we present an alternative description in terms of the dynamics of groups of contiguous occupied lattice sites and contiguous vacant lattice sites. Our description provides an accurate prediction of the average random walk behaviour in all parameter regimes. Critically, our description accurately predicts the persistence or extinction of the population in situations where previous continuum descriptions predict the opposite outcome. Furthermore, unlike traditional mean-field models, our approach provides information about the spatial clustering within the population and, subsequently, the moving front.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnston, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/101824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new and accurate continuum description of moving fronts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/104497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bootstrap Distillation: Non-parametric Internal Validation of GWAS Results by Subgroup Resampling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/104497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide Association Studies are carried out on a large number of genetic variants in a large number of people, allowing the detection of small genetic effects that are associated with a trait. Natural variation of genotypes within populations means that any particular sample from the population may not represent the true genotype frequencies within that population. This may lead to the observation of marker-disease associations when no such association exists.nnA bootstrap population sub-sampling technique can reduce the influence of allele frequency variation in producing false-positive results for particular samplings of the population. In order to utilise bioinformatics in the service of a serious disease, this sub-sampling method has been applied to the Type 1 Diabetes dataset from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium in order to evaluate its effectiveness.nnWhile previous literature on Type 1 Diabetes has identified some DNA variants that are associated with the disease, these variants are not informative for distinguishing between disease cases and controls using genetic information alone (AUC=0.7284). Population sub-sampling filtered out noise from genome-wide association data, and increased the chance of finding useful associative signals. Subsequent filtering based on marker linkage and testing of marker sets of different sizes produced a 5-SNP signature set of markers for Type 1 Diabetes. The group-specific markers used in this set, primarily from the HLA region on chromosome 6, are considerably more informative than previously known associated variants for predicting T1D phenotype from genetic data (AUC=0.8395). Given this predictive quality, the signature set may be useful alone as a screening test, and would be particularly useful in combination with other clinical cofactors for Type 1 Diabetes risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eccles, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lea, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/104497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bootstrap Distillation: Non-parametric Internal Validation of GWAS Results by Subgroup Resampling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/104935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
propr: An R-package for Identifying Proportionally Abundant Features Using Compositional Data Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/104935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the life sciences, many assays measure only the relative abundances of components for each sample. These data, called compositional data, require special handling in order to avoid misleading conclusions. For example, in the case of correlation, treating relative data like absolute data can lead to the discovery of falsely positive associations. Recently, researchers have proposed proportionality as a valid alternative to correlation for calculating pairwise association in relative data. Although the question of how to best measure proportionality remains open, we present here a computationally efficient R package that implements two proposed measures of proportionality. In an effort to advance the understanding and application of proportionality analysis, we review the mathematics behind proportionality, demonstrate its application to genomic data, and discuss some ongoing challenges in the analysis of relative abundance data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quinn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/104935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[propr: An R-package for Identifying Proportionally Abundant Features Using Compositional Data Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/107987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Do Candidate Genes Affect the Brain’s White Matter Microstructure? Large-Scale Evaluation of 6,165 Diffusion MRI Scans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/107987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractSusceptibility genes for psychiatric and neurological disorders - including APOE, BDNF, CLU,CNTNAP2, COMT, DISC1, DTNBP1, ErbB4, HFE, NRG1, NTKR3, and ZNF804A - have been reported to affect white matter (WM) microstructure in the healthy human brain, as assessed through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes explain only a small fraction of the overall variance and are challenging to detect reliably in single cohort studies. To date, few studies have evaluated the reproducibility of these results. As part of the ENIGMA-DTI consortium, we pooled regional fractional anisotropy (FA) measures for 6,165 subjects (CEU ancestry N=4,458) from 11 cohorts worldwide to evaluate effects of 15 candidate SNPs by examining their associations with WM microstructure. Additive association tests were conducted for each SNP. We used several meta-analytic and mega-analytic designs, and we evaluated regions of interest at multiple granularity levels. The ENIGMA-DTI protocol was able to detect single-cohort findings as originally reported. Even so, in this very large sample, no significant associations remained after multiple-testing correction for the 15 SNPs investigated. Suggestive associations (1.3x10-4 < p < 0.05, uncorrected) were found for BDNF, COMT, and ZNF804A in specific tracts. Meta-and mega-analyses revealed similar findings. Regardless of the approach, the previously reported candidate SNPs did not show significant associations with WM microstructure in this largest genetic study of DTI to date; the negative findings are likely not due to insufficient power. Genome-wide studies, involving large-scale meta-analyses, may help to discover SNPs robustly influencing WM microstructure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganjgahi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bralten, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>den Braber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faskowitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knodt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemaitre, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nir, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprooten, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Hulzen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zavaliangos-Petropulu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwiers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almasy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deary, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicary, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duggirala, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoogman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huentelman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinot, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medland, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Maniega, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olvera, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oosterlaan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Royle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saykin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumann, G</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/107987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Do Candidate Genes Affect the Brain’s White Matter Microstructure? Large-Scale Evaluation of 6,165 Diffusion MRI Scans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/118356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amending Published Articles: Time To Rethink Retractions And Corrections? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/118356v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Academic publishing is evolving and our current system of correcting research post-publication is failing, both ideologically and practically. It does not encourage researchers to engage in consistent post-publication changes. Worse yet, post-publication  updates are misconstrued as punishments or admissions of guilt. We propose a different model that publishers of research can apply to the content they publish, ensuring that any post-publication amendments are seamless, transparent and propagated to all the countless places online where descriptions of research appear. At the center, the neutral term "amendment" describes all forms of post-publication change to an article. We lay out a straightforward and consistent process that applies to each of the three types of amendments: insubstantial, substantial, and complete. This proposed system supports the dynamic nature of the research process itself as researchers continue to refine or extend the work, removing the emotive climate particularly associated with retractions and corrections to published work. It allows researchers to cite and share the correct versions of articles with certainty, and for decision makers to have access to the most up to date information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barbour, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moylan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/118356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amending Published Articles: Time To Rethink Retractions And Corrections?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/119586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Continuum approximations for lattice-free multi-species models of collective cell migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/119586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractnnCell migration within tissues involves the interaction of many cells from distinct subpopulations. In this work, we present a discrete model of collective cell migration where the motion of individual cells is driven by random forces, short range repulsion forces to mimic crowding, and longer range attraction forces to mimic adhesion. This discrete model can be used to simulate a population of cells that is composed of K [&ge;] 1 distinct subpopulations. To analyse the discrete model we formulate a hierarchy of moment equations that describe the spatial evolution of the density of agents, pairs of agents, triplets of agents, and so forth. To solve the hierarchy of moment equations we introduce two forms of closure: (i) the mean field approximation, which effectively assumes that the distributions of individual agents are independent; and (ii) a moment dynamics description that is based on the Kirkwood superposition approximation. The moment dynamics description provides an approximate way of incorporating spatial patterns, such as agent clustering, into the continuum description. Comparing the performance of the two continuum descriptions confirms that both perform well when adhesive forces are sufficiently weak. In contrast, the moment dynamics description outperforms the mean field model when adhesive forces are sufficiently large. This is a first attempt to provide an accurate continuum description of a lattice-free, multi-species model of collective cell migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matsiaka, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penington, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/119586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Continuum approximations for lattice-free multi-species models of collective cell migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/123182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PTSD Blood Transcriptome Mega-Analysis: Shared Inflammatory Pathways Across Genders And Modes Of Traumas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/123182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptome-wide screens of peripheral blood during the onset and development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicate widespread immune dysregulation. However, little is known as to whether biological sex and the type of traumatic event influence shared or distinct biological pathways in PTSD. We performed a combined analysis of five independent PTSD blood transcriptome studies covering seven types of trauma in 229 PTSD and 311 comparison individuals to synthesize the extant data. Analyses by trauma type revealed a clear pattern of PTSD gene expression signatures distinguishing interpersonal (IP)-related traumas from combat-related traumas. Co-expression network analyses integrated all data and identified distinct gene expression perturbations across sex and modes of trauma in PTSD, including one wound-healing module down-regulated in men exposed to combat traumas, one IL12-mediated signaling module up-regulated in men exposed to IP-related traumas, and two modules associated with lipid metabolism and MAPK-activity up-regulated in women exposed to IP-related traumas. Remarkably, a high degree of sharing of transcriptional dysregulation across sex and modes of trauma in PTSD was also observed converging on common signaling cascades, including cytokine, innate immune and type I interferon pathways. Collectively, these findings provide a broad view of immune dysregulation in PTSD and demonstrate inflammatory pathways of molecular convergence and specificity, which may inform mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers for the disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Breen, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tylee, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maihofer, A. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neylan, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binder, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risbrough, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woelk, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nievergelt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuang, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buxbaum, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/123182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PTSD Blood Transcriptome Mega-Analysis: Shared Inflammatory Pathways Across Genders And Modes Of Traumas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/124826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accounting For Cell Lineage And Sex Effects In The Identification Of Cell-Specific DNA Methylation Using A Bayesian Model Selection Algorithm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/124826v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell- and sex-specific differences in DNA methylation are major sources of epigenetic variation in whole blood. Failure to account for these confounders may lead to substantial bias in the identification of differentially methylated CpGs and predicted levels of differential methylation. Previous studies have provided evidence of cell-specific methylation, but all of these have been restricted to the detection of differential methylation in a single cell type. We developed a Bayesian model selection algorithm for the identification of cell-specific methylation profiles that incorporates knowledge of shared cell lineage, to accommodate differential methylation in one or more cell types. Under the proposed methodology, sex-specific differences in methylation by cell type are also assessed. Using publicly available cell-sorted methylation data, we show that 51.3% of female CpG markers and 61.4% of male CpG markers identified were associated with differential methylation in more than one cell type. The impact of cell lineage on differential methylation was also highlighted. An evaluation of sex-specific differences revealed marked differences in CD56+NK methylation, within both single and multi-cell dependent methylation patterns. Our findings demonstrate the need to account for cell lineage in studies of differential methylation and associated sex effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>White, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benton, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lea, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengersen, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/124826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accounting For Cell Lineage And Sex Effects In The Identification Of Cell-Specific DNA Methylation Using A Bayesian Model Selection Algorithm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/124842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying Rates Of Cell Migration And Cell Proliferation In Co-Culture Barrier Assays Reveals How Skin And Melanoma Cells Interact During Melanoma Spreading And Invasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/124842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malignant spreading involves the migration of cancer cells amongst other native cell types. For example, in vivo melanoma invasion involves individual melanoma cells migrating through native skin, which is composed of several distinct subpopulations of cells. Here, we aim to quantify how interactions between melanoma and fibroblast cells affect the collective spreading of a heterogeneous population of these cells in vitro. We perform a suite of circular barrier assays that includes: (i) monoculture assays with fibroblast cells; (ii) monoculture assays with SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells; and (iii) a series of co-culture assays initiated with three different ratios of SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells and fibroblast cells. Using immunostaining, detailed cell density histograms are constructed to illustrate how the two subpopulations of cells are spatially arranged within the spreading heterogeneous population. Calibrating the solution of a continuum partial differential equation to the experimental results from the monoculture assays allows us to estimate the cell diffusivity and the cell proliferation rate for the melanoma and the fibroblast cells, separately. Using the parameter estimates from the monoculture assays, we then make a prediction of the spatial spreading in the co-culture assays. Results show that the parameter estimates obtained from the monoculture assays lead to a reasonably accurate prediction of the spatial arrangement of the two subpopulations in the co-culture assays. Overall, the spatial pattern of spreading of the melanoma cells and the fibroblast cells is very similar in monoculture and co-culture conditions. Therefore, we find no clear evidence of any interactions other than cell-to-cell contact and crowding effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haridas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penington, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGovern, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElwain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/124842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying Rates Of Cell Migration And Cell Proliferation In Co-Culture Barrier Assays Reveals How Skin And Melanoma Cells Interact During Melanoma Spreading And Invasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/131391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying the efficacy of first aid treatments for burn injuries using mathematical modelling and in vivo porcine experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/131391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
First aid treatment of burn injuries reduces scarring and improves healing. Here, we quantify the efficacy of various first aid treatments by using a mathematical model to describe a suite of experimental data from a series of in vivo porcine experiments. We study a series of consistent burn injuries that are subject to first aid treatments that vary in both the temperature and duration of the first aid treatment. Calibrating the mathematical model to the experimental data provides estimates of the in vivo thermal diffusivity, the rate at which thermal energy is lost to the blood (perfusion), and the heat transfer coefficient controlling the loss of thermal energy at the interface of the fat and muscle layers. A limitation of working with in vivo animal experiments is the difficulty of resolving spatial variations in temperature across the tissues. Here, we use the solution of the calibrated mathematical model to predict and visualise the temperature distribution across the thickness of the tissue during the creation of the burn injury and the application of various first aid treatments. Using this information we propose, and report values for, a novel measure of the potential for tissue damage. This measure quantifies two important aspects that are thought to be related to thermal injury: (i) the volume of tissue that rises above the threshold temperature associated with the accumulation of tissue damage; and, (ii) the duration of time that the tissue remains above this threshold temperature. We conclude by discussing the clinical relevance of our findings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McInerney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuttle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/131391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying the efficacy of first aid treatments for burn injuries using mathematical modelling and in vivo porcine experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential Proportionality - A Normalization-Free Approach To Differential Gene Expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression data, such as those generated by next generation sequencing technologies (RNA-seq), are of an inherently relative nature: the total number of sequenced reads has no biological meaning. This issue is most often addressed with various normalization techniques which all face the same problem: once information about the total mRNA content of the origin cells is lost, it cannot be recovered by mere technical means. Additional knowledge, in the form of an unchanged reference, is necessary; however, this reference can usually only be estimated. Here we propose a novel method where sample normalization is unnecessary, but important insights can be obtained nevertheless. Instead of trying to recover absolute abundances, our method is entirely based on ratios, so normalization factors cancel by default. Although the differential expression of individual genes cannot be recovered this way, the ratios themselves can be differentially expressed (even when their constituents are not). Yet, most current analyses are blind to these cases, while our approach reveals them directly. Specifically, we show how the differential expression of gene ratios can be formalized by decomposing log-ratio variance (LRV) and deriving intuitive statistics from it. Although small LRVs have been used to detect proportional genes in gene expression data before, we focus here on the change in proportionality factors between groups of samples (e.g. tissue-specific proportionality). For this, we propose a statistic that is equivalent to the squared t-statistic of one-way ANOVA, but for gene ratios. In doing so, we show how precision weights can be incorporated to account for the peculiarities of count data, and, moreover, how a moderated statistic can be derived in the same way as the one following from a hierarchical model for individual genes. We also discuss approaches to deal with zero counts, deriving an expression of our statistic that is able to incorporate them. In providing a detailed analysis of the connections between the differential expression of genes and the differential proportionality of pairs, we facilitate a clear interpretation of new concepts. The proposed framework is applied to a data set from GTEx consisting of 98 samples from the cerebellum and cortex, with selected examples shown. A computationally efficient implementation of the approach in R has been released as an addendum to the propr package.1
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erb, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notredame, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/134536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential Proportionality - A Normalization-Free Approach To Differential Gene Expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/147678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Bayesian computational approach to explore the optimal duration of a cell proliferation assay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/147678v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell proliferation assays are routinely used to explore how a low density monolayer of cells grows with time. For a typical cell line with a doubling time of 12 hours (or longer), a standard cell proliferation assay conducted over 24 hours provides excellent information about the low-density exponential growth rate, but limited information about crowding effects that occur at higher densities. To explore how we can best detect and quantify crowding effects, we present a suite of in silico proliferation assays where cells proliferate according to a generalised logistic growth model. Using approximate Bayesian computation we show that data from a standard cell proliferation assay cannot reliably distinguish between classical logistic growth and more general non-logistic growth models. We then explore, and quantify, the trade-off between increasing the duration of the experiment and the associated decrease in uncertainty in the crowding mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/147678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Bayesian computational approach to explore the optimal duration of a cell proliferation assay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bat Detective - Deep Learning Tools for Bat Acoustic Signal Detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156869v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIPassive acoustic sensing has emerged as a powerful tool for quantifying anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity, especially for echolocating bat species. To better assess bat population trends there is a critical need for accurate, reliable, and open source tools that allow the detection and classification of bat calls in large collections of audio recordings. The majority of existing tools are commercial or have focused on the species classification task, neglecting the important problem of first localizing echolocation calls in audio which is particularly problematic in noisy recordings.nC_LIO_LIWe developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based open-source pipeline for detecting ultrasonic, full-spectrum, search-phase calls produced by echolocating bats (BatDetect). Our deep learning algorithms (CNN FULL and CNN FAST) were trained on full-spectrum ultrasonic audio collected along road-transects across Romania and Bulgaria by citizen scientists as part of the iBats programme and labelled by users of www.batdetective.org. We compared the performance of our system to other algorithms and commercial systems on expert verified test datasets recorded from different sensors and countries. As an example application, we ran our detection pipeline on iBats monitoring data collected over five years from Jersey (UK), and compared results to a widely-used commercial system.nC_LIO_LIHere, we show that both CNNFULL and CNNFAST deep learning algorithms have a higher detection performance (average precision, and recall) of search-phase echolocation calls with our test sets, when compared to other existing algorithms and commercial systems tested. Precision scores for commercial systems were reasonably good across all test datasets (>0.7), but this was at the expense of recall rates. In particular, our deep learning approaches were better at detecting calls in road-transect data, which contained more noisy recordings. Our comparison of CNNFULL and CNNFAST algorithms was favourable, although CNNFAST had a slightly poorer performance, displaying a trade-off between speed and accuracy. Our example monitoring application demonstrated that our open-source, fully automatic, BatDetect CNNFAST pipeline does as well or better compared to a commercial system with manual verification previously used to analyse monitoring data.nC_LIO_LIWe show that it is possible to both accurately and automatically detect bat search-phase echolocation calls, particularly from noisy audio recordings. Our detection pipeline enables the automatic detection and monitoring of bat populations, and further facilitates their use as indicator species on a large scale, particularly when combined with automatic species identification. We release our system and datasets to encourage future progress and transparency.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mac Aodha, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibb, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barlow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harder, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsey, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mead, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandourski, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russ, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szodoray-Paradi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szodoray-Paradi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girolami, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brostow, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/156869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bat Detective - Deep Learning Tools for Bat Acoustic Signal Detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/161265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A computational modelling framework to quantify the effects of passaging cell lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/161265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vitro cell culture is routinely used to grow and supply a sufficiently large number of cells for various types of cell biology experiments. Previous experimental studies report that cell characteristics evolve as the passage number increases, and various cell lines can behave differently at high passage numbers. To provide insight into the putative mechanisms that might give rise to these differences, we perform in silico experiments using a random walk model to mimic the in vitro cell culture process. Our results show that it is possible for the average proliferation rate to either increase or decrease as the passaging process takes place, and this is due to a competition between the initial heterogeneity and the degree to which passaging damages the cells. We also simulate a suite of scratch assays with cells from near-homogeneous and heterogeneous cell lines, at both high and low passage numbers. Although it is common in the literature to report experimental results without disclosing the passage number, our results show that we obtain significantly different closure rates when performing in silico scratch assays using cells with different passage numbers. Therefore, we suggest that the passage number should always be reported to ensure that the experiment is as reproducible as possible. Furthermore, our modelling also suggests some avenues for further experimental examination that could be used to validate or refine our simulation results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penington, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/161265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A computational modelling framework to quantify the effects of passaging cell lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/169946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell mediated pupil function is impaired in Parkinson’s disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/169946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease is characterised by non-motor symptoms including sleep and circadian disruption, but the underlying aetiology is not well understood. Melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGC) transmit light signals from the eye to brain areas controlling circadian rhythms and the pupil light reflex. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that these non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinsons disease may be linked to ipRGC dysfunction. Using chromatic pupillometry, we measured intrinsic (melanopsin-mediated) ipRGC and extrinsic (rod/cone photoreceptor-mediated) inputs to the pupil control pathway in a group of optimally medicated participants with a diagnosis of Parkinsons disease (PD, n = 17) compared to controls (n = 12). Autonomic tone was evaluated by measuring pupillary unrest in darkness. The PD participants underwent additional clinical assessments using the Unified Parkinsons disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y).nnCompared to controls, the PD group demonstrated an attenuated pupil constriction amplitude in response to long wavelength pulsed stimulation, and reduced post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) amplitude in response to both short wavelength pulsed and sinusoidal stimulation. In the PD group, PIPR amplitude did not correlate with measures of sleep quality, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, UPDRS or H&Y score, or medication dosage. Both groups exhibited similar pupillary unrest in darkness.nnWe show that melanopsin and the rod/cone-photoreceptor contributions to the pupil control pathway are impaired in people with early-stage Parkinsons disease. Given that the deficits are independent of clinical assessment severity and are observed despite optimal medication, the melanopsin-mediated PIPR may be a biomarker for the detection of Parkinsons disease and its continued monitoring in both medicated and unmedicated individuals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joyce, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feigl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roeder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zele, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/169946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell mediated pupil function is impaired in Parkinson’s disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/171520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced Pipeline ‘MetaGaAP-Py’ for the Analysis of Quasispecies and Non-Model Microbial Populations using Ultra-Deep ‘Meta-barcode’ Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/171520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractA pipeline developed to establish sequence identity and estimate abundance of non-model organisms (such as viral quasispecies) using customized ultra-deep sequence  meta-barcodes has been modified to improve performance by re-development in the Python programming language. Redundant packages were removed and new features added. RAM and storage usage have been optimized to facilitate the computational speeds though coding optimizations and improved cross-platform compatibility. However, computational limits restrict the approach to barcodes spanning a maximum of 30 polymorphisms. The modified pipeline, MetaGaAP-Py, is available for download here: https://github.com/CNoune/IMG_pipelines
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noune, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauxwell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/171520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced Pipeline ‘MetaGaAP-Py’ for the Analysis of Quasispecies and Non-Model Microbial Populations using Ultra-Deep ‘Meta-barcode’ Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/171710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of experimental design choices on parameter inference for models of growing cell colonies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/171710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To better understand development, repair and disease progression it is useful to quantify the behaviour of proliferative and motile cell populations as they grow and expand to fill their local environment. Inferring parameters associated with mechanistic models of cell colony growth using quantitative data collected from carefully designed experiments provides a natural means to elucidate the relative contributions of various processes to the growth of the colony. In this work we explore how experimental design impacts our ability to infer parameters for simple models of the growth of proliferative and motile cell populations. We adopt a Bayesian approach, which allows us to characterise the uncertainty associated with estimates of the model parameters. Our results suggest that experimental designs that incorporate initial spatial heterogeneities in cell positions facilitate parameter inference without the requirement of cell tracking, whilst designs that involve uniform initial placement of cells require cell tracking for accurate parameter inference. As cell tracking is an experimental bottleneck in many studies of this type, our recommendations for experimental design provide for significant potential time and cost savings in the analysis of cell colony growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/171710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of experimental design choices on parameter inference for models of growing cell colonies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel pleiotropic risk loci for melanoma and nevus density implicate multiple biological pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The total number of acquired melanocytic nevi on the skin is strongly correlated with melanoma risk. Here we report a meta-analysis of 11 nevus GWAS from Australia, Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States, comprising a total of 52,506 phenotyped individuals. We confirm known loci including MTAP, PLA2G6, and IRF4, and detect novel SNPs at a genome-wide level of significance in KITLG, DOCK8, and a broad region of 9q32. In a bivariate analysis combining the nevus results with those from a recent melanoma GWAS meta-analysis (12,874 cases, 23,203 controls), SNPs near GPRC5A, CYP1B1, PPARGC1B, HDAC4, FAM208B and SYNE2 reached global significance, and other loci, including MIR146A and OBFC1, reached a suggestive level of significance. Overall, we conclude that most nevus genes affect melanoma risk (KITLG an exception), while many melanoma risk loci do not alter nevus count. For example, variants in TERC and OBFC1 affect both traits, but other telomere length maintenance genes seem to affect melanoma risk only. Our findings implicate multiple pathways in nevogenesis via genes we can show to be expressed under control of the MITF melanocytic cell lineage regulator.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duffy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iles, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yazar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beesley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visconti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henders, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowdler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikram, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uitterlinden, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madden, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanock, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayward, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacGregor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturm, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewitt, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melanoma GWAS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton Bishop, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nijsten, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishop, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bataille, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fa</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/173112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel pleiotropic risk loci for melanoma and nevus density implicate multiple biological pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Architecture of Subcortical Brain Structures in Over 40,000 Individuals Worldwide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions, and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in over 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and the UK-Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 25 significantly associated loci (20 novel). Annotation of these loci utilizing gene expression, methylation, and neuropathological data identified 62 candidate genes implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Satizabal, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, H. H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibar, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sargurupremraj, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bis, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luciano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teumer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Lee, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanek, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eicher, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desrivieres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arias-Vasquez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Athanasiu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renteria, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>den Braber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloszewska, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espeseth, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramovic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhusaini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milaneschi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papmeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axelsson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrlich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roi</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/173831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Architecture of Subcortical Brain Structures in Over 40,000 Individuals Worldwide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamics of corticospinal motor control during overground and treadmill walking in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing evidence suggests cortical involvement in the control of human gait. However, the nature of corticospinal interactions remains poorly understood. We performed time-frequency analysis of electrophysiological activity acquired during treadmill and overground walking in 22 healthy, young adults. Participants walked at their preferred speed (4.2, SD 0.4 km h-1), which was matched across both gait conditions. Event-related power, corticomuscular coherence (CMC) and inter-trial coherence (ITC) were assessed for EEG from bilateral sensorimotor cortices and EMG from the bilateral tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Cortical power, CMC and ITC at theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequencies (4-45 Hz) increased during the double support phase of the gait cycle for both overground and treadmill walking. High beta (21-30 Hz) CMC and ITC of EMG was significantly increased during overground compared to treadmill walking, as well as EEG power in theta band (4-7 Hz). The phase spectra revealed positive time lags at alpha, beta and gamma frequencies, indicating that the EEG response preceded the EMG response. The parallel increases in power, CMC and ITC during double support suggest evoked responses at spinal and cortical populations rather than a modulation of ongoing corticospinal oscillatory interactions. The evoked responses are not consistent with the idea of synchronization of ongoing corticospinal oscillations, but instead suggest coordinated cortical and spinal inputs during the double support phase. Frequency-band dependent differences in power, CMC and ITC between overground and treadmill walking suggest differing neural control for the two gait modalities, emphasizing the task-dependent nature of neural processes during human walking.nnNew & NoteworthyWe investigated cortical and spinal activity during overground and treadmill walking in healthy adults. Parallel increases in power, CMC and ITC during double support suggest evoked responses at spinal and cortical populations rather than a modulation of ongoing corticospinal oscillatory interactions. These findings identify neurophysiological mechanisms that are important for understanding cortical control of human gait in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roeder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boonstra, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamics of corticospinal motor control during overground and treadmill walking in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/186197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring parameters for a lattice-free model of cell migration and proliferation using experimental data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/186197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Collective cell spreading takes place in spatially continuous environments, yet it is often modelled using discrete lattice-based approaches. Here, we use data from a series of cell proliferation assays, with a prostate cancer cell line, to calibrate a spatially continuous individual based model (IBM) of collective cell migration and proliferation. The IBM explicitly accounts for crowding effects by modifying the rate of movement, direction of movement, and the rate of proliferation by accounting for pair-wise interactions. Taking a Bayesian approach we estimate the free parameters in the IBM using rejection sampling on three separate, independent experimental data sets. Since the posterior distributions for each experiment are similar, we perform simulations with parameters sampled from a new posterior distribution generated by combining the three data sets. To explore the predictive power of the calibrated IBM, we forecast the evolution of a fourth experimental data set. Overall, we show how to calibrate a lattice-free IBM to experimental data, and our work highlights the importance of interactions between individuals. Despite great care taken to distribute cells as uniformly as possible experimentally, we find evidence of significant spatial clustering over short distances, suggesting that standard mean-field models could be inappropriate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Browning, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binny, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plank, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/186197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring parameters for a lattice-free model of cell migration and proliferation using experimental data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/192344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive, Integrated, and Phased Whole-Genome Analysis of the Primary ENCODE Cell Line K562 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/192344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
K562 is widely used in biomedical research. It is one of three tier-one cell lines of ENCODE and also most commonly used for large-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screens. Although its functional genomic and epigenomic characteristics have been extensively studied, its genome sequence and genomic structural features have never been comprehensively analyzed. Such information is essential for the correct interpretation and understanding of the vast troves of existing functional genomics and epigenomics data for K562. We performed and integrated deep-coverage whole-genome (short-insert), mate-pair, and linked-read sequencing as well as karyotyping and array CGH analysis to identify a wide spectrum of genome characteristics in K562: copy numbers (CN) of aneuploid chromosome segments at high-resolution, SNVs and Indels (both corrected for CN in aneuploid regions), loss of heterozygosity, mega-base-scale phased haplotypes often spanning entire chromosome arms, structural variants (SVs) including small and large-scale complex SVs and non-reference retrotransposon insertions. Many SVs were phased, assembled, and experimentally validated. We identified multiple allele-specific deletions and duplications within the tumor suppressor gene FHIT. Taking aneuploidy into account, we re-analyzed K562 RNA-seq and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data for allele-specific expression and allele-specific DNA methylation. We also show examples of how deeper insights into regulatory complexity are gained by integrating genomic variant information and structural context with functional genomics and epigenomics data. Furthermore, using K562 haplotype information, we produced an allele-specific CRISPR targeting map. This comprehensive whole-genome analysis serves as a resource for future studies that utilize K562 as well as a framework for the analysis of other cancer genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spies, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byeon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Efraim, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haney, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haraksingh, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abyzov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/192344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive, Integrated, and Phased Whole-Genome Analysis of the Primary ENCODE Cell Line K562]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/196634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Cortical Brain Asymmetry in 17,141 Healthy Individuals Worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/196634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here the ENIGMA consortium presents the largest ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and brain size (indexed by intracranial volume). Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets (N = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing modest but highly reliable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified, and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.nnSignificance StatementLeft-right asymmetry is a key feature of the human brain's structure and function. It remains unclear which cortical regions are asymmetrical on average in the population, and how biological factors such as age, sex and genetic variation affect these asymmetries. Here we describe by far the largest ever study of cerebral cortical brain asymmetry, based on data from 17,141 participants. We found a global anterior-posterior 'torque' pattern in cortical thickness, together with various regional asymmetries at the population level, which have not been previously described, as well as effects of age, sex, and heritability estimates. From these data, we have created an on-line resource that will serve future studies of human brain anatomy in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guadalupe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akudjedu, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhusaini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ames, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batalla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baune, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baur, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biederman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaine, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boedhoe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bralten, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandeis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodaty, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bröhl, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bürger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bülow, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canales-Rodriguez, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canive, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caparelli, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellanos, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalleri, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cendes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaim-Avancini, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chant</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/196634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Cortical Brain Asymmetry in 17,141 Healthy Individuals Worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.17.880104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small-scale spatial structure affects predator-prey dynamics and coexistence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.17.880104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small-scale spatial variability can affect community dynamics in many ecological and biological processes, such as predator-prey dynamics and immune responses. Spatial variability includes short-range neighbour-dependent interactions and small-scale spatial structure, such as clustering where individuals aggregate together, and segregation where individuals are spaced apart from one another. Yet, a large class of mathematical models aimed at representing these processes ignores these factors by making a classical mean-field approximation, where interactions between individuals are assumed to occur in proportion to their average density. Such mean-field approximations amount to ignoring spatial structure. In this work, we consider an individual based model of a two-species community that is composed of consumers and resources. The model describes migration, predation, competition and dispersal of offspring, and explicitly gives rise to varying degrees of spatial structure. We compare simulation results from the individual based model with the solution of a classical mean-field approximation, and this comparison provides insight into how spatial structure can drive the system away from mean-field dynamics. Our analysis reveals that mechanisms leading to intraspecific clustering and interspecific segregation, such as short-range predation and short-range dispersal, tend to increase the size of the resource species relative to the mean-field prediction. We show that under certain parameter regimes these mechanisms lead to the extinction of consumers whereas the classical mean-field model predicts the coexistence of both species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Surendran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plank, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.17.880104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small-scale spatial structure affects predator-prey dynamics and coexistence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.883645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Persistence is an optimal hedging strategy for bacteria in volatile environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.883645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria invest in a slow-growing subpopulation, called persisters, to ensure survival in the face of uncertainty. This hedging strategy is remarkably similar to financial hedging, where diversifying an investment portfolio protects against economic uncertainty. We provide a new theoretical foundation for understanding cellular hedging by unifying the study of biological population dynamics and the mathematics of financial risk management through optimal control theory. Motivated by the widely accepted role of volatility in the emergence of persistence, we consider several novel models of environmental volatility described by continuous-time stochastic processes. This allows us to study an emergent cellular hedging strategy that maximizes the expected per-capita growth rate of the population. Analytical and simulation results probe the optimal persister strategy, revealing results that are consistent with experimental observations and suggest at new opportunities for experimental investigation and design. Overall, we provide a new way of conceptualising and modelling cellular decision-making in volatile environments by explicitly unifying theory from mathematical biology and finance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharp, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mapder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.19.883645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Persistence is an optimal hedging strategy for bacteria in volatile environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.885343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transfer of antigen-encoding bone marrow under immune-preserving conditions deletes mature antigen-specific B cells in recipients and inhibits antigen-specific antibody production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.885343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathological activation and collaboration of T and B cells underlies pathogenic autoantibody responses. Existing treatments for autoimmune disease cause non-specific immunosuppression and induction of antigen-specific tolerance remains an elusive goal. Many immunotherapies aim to manipulate the T-cell component of T-B interplay but few directly target B cells. One possible means to specifically target B cells is the transfer of gene-engineered BM that, once engrafted, gives rise to widespread specific and tolerogenic antigen expression within the hematopoietic system. Gene-engineered bone marrow encoding ubiquitous ovalbumin expression was transferred after low-dose (300cGy) immune-preserving irradiation. B-cell responsiveness was monitored by analyzing ovalbumin-specific antibody production after immunization with ovalbumin/complete Freunds adjuvant. Ovalbumin-specific B cells and their response to immunization were analyzed using multi-tetramer staining. When antigen-encoding bone marrow was transferred under immune-preserving conditions, cognate antigen-specific B cells were purged from the recipients pre-existing B cell repertoire as well as the repertoire that arose after bone marrow transfer. OVA-specific B-cell deletion was apparent within the established host B-cell repertoire as well as that developing after gene-engineered bone marrow transfer. OVA-specific antibody production was substantially inhibited by transfer of OVA-encoding BM and activation of OVA-specific B cells, germinal centre formation and subsequent OVA-specific plasmablast differentiation were all inhibited. Low levels of gene-engineered bone marrow chimerism were sufficient to limit antigen-specific antibody production. These data show that antigen-specific B cells within an established B-cell repertoire are susceptible to de novo tolerance induction and this can be achieved by transfer of gene-engineered bone marrow. This adds further dimensions to the utility of antigen-encoding bone marrow transfer as an immunotherapeutic tool.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brooks, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steptoe, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.20.885343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transfer of antigen-encoding bone marrow under immune-preserving conditions deletes mature antigen-specific B cells in recipients and inhibits antigen-specific antibody production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.31.890699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence representations and their utility for predicting protein-protein interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.31.890699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) are a crucial mechanism underpinning the function of the cell. Predicting the likely relationship between a pair of proteins is thus an important problem in bioinformatics, and a wide range of machine-learning based methods have been proposed for this task. Their success is heavily dependent on the construction of the feature vectors, with most using a set of physico-chemical properties derived from the sequence. Few work directly with the sequence itself.

Recent works on embedding sequences in a low dimensional vector space has shown the utility of this approach for tasks such as protein classification and sequence search. In this paper, we extend these ideas to the PPI task, making inferences from the pair instead of for the individual sequences. We evaluate the method on human and yeast PPI datasets, benchmarking against the established methods. These results demonstrate that we can obtain sequence encodings for the PPI task which achieve similar levels of performance to existing methods without reliance on complex physico-chemical feature sets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kimothi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biyani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.31.890699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence representations and their utility for predicting protein-protein interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.899609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Therapy-induced lipid uptake and remodeling underpin ferroptosis hypersensitivity in prostate cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.899609v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMetabolic reprograming, non-mutational epigenetic changes, increased cell plasticity and multidrug tolerance are early hallmarks of therapy resistance in cancer. In this temporary, therapy-tolerant state, cancer cells are highly sensitive to ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death that is caused by oxidative stress through excess levels of iron-dependent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, mechanisms underpinning therapy-induced ferroptosis hypersensitivity remain to be elucidated.

MethodsWe used quantitative single cell imaging of fluorescent metabolic probes, transcriptomics, proteomics and lipidomics to perform a longitudinal analysis of the adaptive response to androgen receptor-targeted therapies (androgen deprivation and enzalutamide) in prostate cancer (PCa).

ResultsWe discovered that cessation of cell proliferation and a robust reduction in bioenergetic processes were associated with multidrug tolerance and a strong accumulation of lipids. The gain in lipid biomass was fueled by enhanced lipid uptake through cargo non-selective (macropinocytosis, tunneling nanotubes) and cargo-selective mechanisms (lipid transporters), whereas de novo lipid synthesis was strongly reduced. Enzalutamide induced extensive lipid remodeling of all major phospholipid classes at the expense of storage lipids, leading to increased desaturation and acyl chain length of membrane lipids. The rise in membrane PUFA levels enhanced membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation, causing hypersensitivity to glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) inhibition and ferroptosis. Combination treatments against AR and fatty acid desaturation, lipase activities or growth medium supplementation with antioxidants or PUFAs altered GPX4 dependence. Despite multidrug tolerance, PCa cells displayed an enhanced sensitivity to inhibition of lysosomal processing of exogenous lipids, highlighting an increased dependence on lipid uptake in the therapy-tolerant state.

ConclusionsOur work provides mechanistic insight into processes of lipid metabolism that underpin the acquisition of therapy-induced GPX4 dependence and ferroptosis hypersensitivity to standard of care therapies in PCa. It demonstrated novel strategies to suppress the therapy-tolerant state that may have potential to delay and combat resistance to androgen receptor-targeted therapies, a currently unmet clinical challenge of advanced PCa. Since enhanced GPX4 dependence is an adaptive phenotype shared by several types of cancer in response to different therapies, our work might have universal implications for our understanding of metabolic events that underpin resistance to cancer therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tousignant, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockstroh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poad, B. L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talebi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, R. R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fard, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehman, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swinnen, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanksby, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadowski, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.08.899609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Therapy-induced lipid uptake and remodeling underpin ferroptosis hypersensitivity in prostate cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.904722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crowdsourcing digital health measures to predict Parkinson's disease severity: the Parkinson's Disease Digital Biomarker DREAM Challenge 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.904722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mobile health, the collection of data using wearables and sensors, is a rapidly growing field in health research with many applications. Deriving validated measures of disease and severity that can be used clinically or as outcome measures in clinical trials, referred to as digital biomarkers, has proven difficult. In part due to the complicated analytical approaches necessary to develop these metrics. Here we describe the use of crowdsourcing to specifically evaluate and benchmark features derived from accelerometer and gyroscope data in two different datasets to predict the presence of Parkinsons Disease (PD) and severity of three PD symptoms: tremor, dyskinesia and bradykinesia. Forty teams from around the world submitted features, and achieved drastically improved predictive performance for PD status (best AUROC=0.87), as well as tremor (best AUPR=0.75), dyskinesia (best AUPR=0.48) and bradykinesia (best AUPR=0.95) severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sieberts, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pataki, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneault, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parisi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costante, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banda, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chae, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neto, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorsey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydın, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elo, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaab, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golabchi, F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Görmez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaakkola, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonnagaddala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KLEn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDaniel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rad, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainaldi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapienza, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwab, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shokhirev, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venäläinen, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergara-Diaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkinson's Disease Digital Biomarker Challenge Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonato, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangravite, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omberg</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.13.904722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crowdsourcing digital health measures to predict Parkinson's disease severity: the Parkinson's Disease Digital Biomarker DREAM Challenge]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.905414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New mathematical modelling tools for co-culture experiments: when do we need to explicitly account for signalling molecules? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.905414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mathematical models are often applied to describe cell migration regulated by diffusible signalling molecules. A typical feature of these models is that the spatial and temporal distribution of the signalling molecule density is reported by solving a reaction-diffusion equation. However, the spatial and temporal distributions of such signalling molecules are not often reported or observed experimentally. This leads to a mismatch between the amount of experimental data available and the complexity of the mathematical model used to simulate the experiment. To address this mismatch, we develop a discrete model of cell migration that can be used to describe a new suite of co-culture cell migration assays involving two interacting subpopulations of cells. In this model, the migration of cells from one subpopulation is regulated by the presence of signalling molecules that are secreted by the other subpopulation of cells. The spatial and temporal distribution of the signalling molecules is governed by a discrete conservation statement that is related to a reaction-diffusion equation. We simplify the model by invoking a steady state assumption for the diffusible molecules, leading to a reduced discrete model allowing us to describe how one subpopulation of cells stimulates the migration of the other subpopulation of cells without explicitly dealing with the diffusible molecules. We provide additional mathematical insight into these two stochastic models by deriving continuum limit partial differential equation descriptions of both models. To understand the conditions under which the reduced model is a good approximation of the full model, we apply both models to mimic a set of novel co-culture assays and we systematically explore how well the reduced model approximates the full model as a function of the model parameters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.13.905414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New mathematical modelling tools for co-culture experiments: when do we need to explicitly account for signalling molecules?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.18.907741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Limiting Self-Renewal of the Basal Compartment Induces Differentiation and Alters Evolution of Mammary Tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.18.907741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Differentiation therapy is an approach that utilizes our understanding of the hierarchy of cellular systems to pharmacologically induce a shift towards terminal commitment. While this approach has been a paradigm in treating certain hematological malignancies, efforts to translate this success to solid tumors have proven challenging. In this study we show that activation of PKA drives aberrant mammary differentiation by diminishing the self-renewing potential of the basal compartment. PKA activation results in tumors that are more benign, exhibiting reduced metastatic propensity, loss of tumor-initiating potential and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. Analysis of tumor histopathology revealed features of overt differentiation with papillary characteristics. Longitudinal single cell profiling at the hyperplasia and tumor stages uncovered an altered path of tumor evolution whereby PKA curtails the emergence of aggressive subpopulations. PKA activation represents a promising approach as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for certain breast cancers, reviving the paradigm of differentiation therapy for solid tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ognjenovic, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagheri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed Saleem, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagaraj, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattabiraman, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.18.907741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Limiting Self-Renewal of the Basal Compartment Induces Differentiation and Alters Evolution of Mammary Tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.04.929430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel mutation in KCNK16 causing a gain-of-function in the TALK-1 potassium channel: a new cause of maturity onset diabetes of the young. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.04.929430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMaturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous group of monogenic disorders of impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Mechanisms include {beta}-cell KATP channel dysfunction (e.g., KCNJ11 (MODY13) or ABCC8 (MODY12) mutations); however, no other {beta}-cell channelopathies have been identified in MODY.

MethodsA four-generation family with autosomal dominant non-obese, non-ketotic antibody-negative diabetes, without mutations in known MODY genes, underwent exome sequencing. Whole-cell and single-channel K+ currents, Ca2+ handling, and GSIS were determined in cells expressing either mutated or wild-type (WT) protein.

ResultsWe identified a novel non-synonymous genetic mutation in KCNK16 (NM_001135105: c.341T>C, p.Leu114Pro) segregating with MODY. KCNK16 is the most abundant and {beta}-cell-restricted K+ channel transcript and encodes the two-pore-domain K+ channel TALK-1. Whole-cell K+ currents in transfected HEK293 cells demonstrated drastic (312-fold increase) gain-of-function with TALK-1 Leu144Pro vs. WT, due to greater single channel activity. Glucose-stimulated cytosolic Ca2+ influx was inhibited in mouse islets expressing TALK-1 Leu114Pro (area under the curve [AUC] at 20mM glucose: Leu114Pro 60.1 vs. WT 89.1; P=0.030) and less endoplasmic reticulum calcium storage (cyclopiazonic acid-induced release AUC: Leu114Pro 17.5 vs. WT 46.8; P=0.008). TALK-1 Leu114Pro significantly blunted GSIS compared to TALK-1 WT in both mouse (52% decrease, P=0.039) and human (38% decrease, P=0.019) islets.

ConclusionsOur data identify a novel MODY-associated gene, KCNK16; with a gain-of-function mutation limiting Ca2+ influx and GSIS. A gain-of-function common polymorphism in KCNK16 is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM); thus, our findings have therapeutic implications not only for KCNK16-associated MODY but also for T2DM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Graff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakhe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McInerney-Leo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.04.929430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel mutation in KCNK16 causing a gain-of-function in the TALK-1 potassium channel: a new cause of maturity onset diabetes of the young.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.950261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Faster and better CRISPR guide RNA design with the Crackling method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.950261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The design of CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs is not trivial, and is a computationally demanding task. Design tools need to identify target sequences that will maximise the likelihood of obtaining the desired cut, whilst minimising off-target risk. There is a need for a tool that can meet both objectives while remaining practical to use on large genomes.

Here, we present Crackling, a new method that is more suitable for meeting these objectives. We test its performance on 12 genomes and on data from validation studies. Crackling maximises guide efficiency by combining multiple scoring approaches. On experimental data, the guides it selects are better than those selected by others. It also incorporates Inverted Signature Slice Lists (ISSL) for faster off-target scoring. ISSL provides a gain of an order of magnitude in speed, while preserving the same level of accuracy. Overall, this makes Crackling a faster and better method to design guide RNAs at scale.

Crackling is available at https://github.com/bmds-lab/Crackling under the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) 3-Clause license.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bradford, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chappell, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.14.950261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Faster and better CRISPR guide RNA design with the Crackling method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.17.952010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.17.952010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wierenga, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doucet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dima, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aghajani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akudjedu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albajes-Eizagirre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alnaes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alpert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anticevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asherson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaschewski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bargallo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumeister, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baur-Streubel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonvino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgwardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourque, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>den Braber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandeis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodaty, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busatto, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canales-Rodriguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caseras, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaim-Avancini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrod, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conzelmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crivello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickie, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrlich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van 't Ent, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fouche, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes-</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.17.952010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.19.955328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Survey of Australian STEMM Early Career Researchers: job insecurity and questionable research practices are major structural concerns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.19.955328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We sought to understand the pressures on Early Career Researchers (ECR) in the Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, & Medicine (STEMM) disciplines, collecting data from 658 ECRs working in Australia. Respondents indicated a "love of science", but most also indicated an intention to leave their position. Decisions were primarily motivated by job insecurity (52%), while grievances included poor supervision (60%), bullying or harassment (34%), inequitable hiring practices (39%) and poor support for families (9.6%). A concerning rate of "questionable research practices" by colleagues (34.1% to 41.1%) was reported to have impacted ECR career advancement. Our study links recent reports that characterise the health of the research industry, providing direct insight from ECRs on job insecurity, workplace culture challenges, and the logical rise of questionable research practices. Internationally, nationally and institutionally the research community needs to improve job security (care for our people) and the quality of research data (our product).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnstone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larkins, J.-a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doran, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.19.955328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Survey of Australian STEMM Early Career Researchers: job insecurity and questionable research practices are major structural concerns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.957340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of novel mitochondrial and mitochondrial related genetic loci associated with exercise response in the Gene SMART study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.957340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria supply intracellular energy requirements during exercise. Specific mitochondrial haplogroups and mitochondrial genetic variants have been associated with athletic performance, and exercise responses. However, these associations were discovered using underpowered, candidate gene approaches, and consequently have not been replicated. Here, we used whole-mitochondrial genome sequencing, in conjunction with high-throughput genotyping arrays, to discover novel genetic variants associated with exercise responses in the Gene SMART (Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Training) cohort (n=62 completed). We performed a Principal Component Analysis of cohort aerobic fitness measures to build composite traits and test for variants associated with exercise outcomes. None of the mitochondrial genetic variants but nine nuclear encoded variants in eight separate genes were found to be associated with exercise responses (FDR<0.05) (rs11061368: DIABLO, rs113400963: FAM185A, rs6062129 and rs6121949: MTG2, rs7231304: AFG3L2, rs2041840: NDUFAF7, rs7085433: TIMM23, rs1063271: SPTLC2, rs2275273: ALDH18A1). Additionally, we outline potential mechanisms by which these variants may be contributing to exercise phenotypes. Our data suggest novel nuclear-encoded SNPs and mitochondrial pathways associated with exercise response phenotypes. Future studies should focus on validating these variants across different cohorts and ethnicities.

AUTHOR SUMMARYPrevious exercise genetic studies contain many flaws that impede the growth in knowledge surrounding change in exercise outcomes. In particular, exercise studies looking at mtDNA variants have looked at very small portions of the mitochondrial genome. Mitochondria are the  power house of the cell and therefore understanding the mitochondrial genetics behind adaptations to training can help us fill knowledge gaps in current research. Here, we utilised a new mitochondrial genetic sequencing technique to examine all mitochondrial and mitochondrial related genetic variations. We have shown that there were no mitochondrial specific variants that influenced exercise training however there were 9 related variants that were significantly associated with exercise phenotypes. Additionally, we have shown that building composite traits increased the significance of our association testing and lead to novel findings. We will be able to understand why response to training is so varied and increase the effectiveness of exercise training on a host of metabolic disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harvey, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voisin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lea, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benton, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadimitriou, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacques, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eynon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.20.957340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of novel mitochondrial and mitochondrial related genetic loci associated with exercise response in the Gene SMART study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.975938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput cell-based assays for the preclinical development of DsbA inhibitors as antivirulence therapeutics. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.975938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibiotics are failing fast, and the development pipeline is alarmingly dry. New drug research and development is being urged by world health officials, with new antibacterials against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens as the highest priority. Antivirulence drugs, which are inhibitors of bacterial pathogenicity factors, are a class of promising antibacterials, however, their development is often stifled by lack of standardised preclinical testing akin to what guides antibiotic development. The lack of established target-specific microbiological assays amenable to high-throughput, often means that cell-based testing of virulence inhibitors is absent from the discovery (hit-to-lead) phase, only to be employed at later-stages of lead optimization. Here, we address this by establishing a pipeline of bacterial cell-based assays developed for the identification and early preclinical evaluation of DsbA inhibitors. Inhibitors of DsbA block bacterial oxidative protein folding and were previously identified by biophysical and biochemical assays. Here we use existing Escherichia coli DsbA inhibitors and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) as a model pathogen, to demonstrate that a combination of a cell-based AssT sulfotransferase assay and the UPEC motility assay, modified for a higher throughput format, can provide a robust and target-specific platform for the evaluation of DsbA inhibitors. Our pipeline could also be used in fragment and compound screening for the identification of new DsbA inhibitor classes or hits with a broad spectrum of activity. In conclusion, the establishment of accurate, high-throughput microbiological assays for antivirulence drug identification and early preclinical development, is a significant first step towards their translation into effective therapeutics.

ImportanceThe safety net of last resort antibiotics is quickly vanishing as bacteria become increasingly resistant to most available drugs. If no action is taken, we will likely enter a post-antibiotic era, where common infections and minor injuries are once again lethal. The paucity in new antibiotic discovery of the past decades has compounded the problem of increasing antibiotic resistance, to the point that it now constitutes a global health crisis that demands global action. There is currently an urgent need for new antibacterial drugs with new targets and modes of action. To address this, research and development efforts into antivirulence drugs, such as DsbA inhibitors, have been ramping up globally. However, the development of microbiological assays as tools for effectively identifying and evaluating antivirulence drugs is lagging behind. Here, we present a high-throughput cell-based screening and evaluation pipeline, which could significantly advance development of DsbA inhibitor as antivirulence therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Verderosa, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhouib, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heras, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.975938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput cell-based assays for the preclinical development of DsbA inhibitors as antivirulence therapeutics.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.989053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell proliferation and migration explain pore bridging dynamics in 3D printed scaffolds of different pore size 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.989053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue growth in bioscaffolds is influenced significantly by pore geometry, but how this geometric dependence emerges from dynamic cellular processes such as cell proliferation and cell migration remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the influence of pore size on the time required to bridge pores in thin 3D-printed scaffolds. Experimentally, new tissue infills the pores continually from their perimeter under strong curvature control, which leads the tissue front to round off with time. Despite the varied shapes assumed by the tissue during this evolution, we find that time to bridge a pore simply increases linearly with the overall pore size. To disentangle the biological influence of cell behaviour and the mechanistic influence of geometry in this experimental observation, we propose a simple reaction-diffusion model of tissue growth based on Porous-Fisher invasion of cells into the pores. First, this model provides a good qualitative representation of the evolution of the tissue; new tissue in the model grows at an effective rate that depends on the local curvature of the tissue substrate. Second, the model suggests that a linear dependence of bridging time with pore size arises due to geometric reasons alone, not to differences in cell behaviours across pores of different sizes. Our analysis suggests that tissue growth dynamics in these experimental constructs is dominated by mechanistic crowding effects that influence collective cell proliferation and migration processes, and that can be predicted by simple reaction-diffusion models of cells that have robust, consistent behaviours.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanaro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allenby, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.12.989053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell proliferation and migration explain pore bridging dynamics in 3D printed scaffolds of different pore size]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.987032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synchronised oscillations in growing cell populations are explained by demographic noise 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.987032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding synchrony in growing populations is important for applications as diverse as epidemiology and cancer treatment. Recent experiments employing fluorescent reporters in melanoma cell lines have uncovered growing subpopulations exhibiting sustained oscillations, with nearby cells appearing to synchronise their cycles. In this study we demonstrate that the behaviour observed is consistent with long-lasting transient phenomenon initiated, and amplified by the finite-sample effects and demographic noise. We present a novel mathematical analysis of a multi-stage model of cell growth which accurately reproduces the synchronised oscillations. As part of the analysis, we elucidate the transient and asymptotic phases of the dynamics and derive an analytical formula to quantify the effect of demographic noise in the appearance of the oscillations. The implications of these findings are broad, such as providing insight into experimental protocols that are used to study the growth of asynchronous populations and, in particular, those investigations relating to anti-cancer drug discovery.

Statement of SignificanceRecent experiments have reported strong evidence of periodic oscillations in the proportion of young and old melanoma cells. The biological mechanism generating this synchronisation and the potential impact that can have on commonly used experimental protocols is still unclear. Here we studied a population of melanoma cells for which we found oscillations in the proportions of cells in each phase of the cell cycle. We demonstrate that these observations may be triggered by intrinsic demographic noise alone, rather than any active synchronisation mechanism requiring cell-cell communication. Our findings may have implications for typical experimental protocols which aim to produce asynchronous cell populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gavagnin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vittadello, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guanasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.13.987032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synchronised oscillations in growing cell populations are explained by demographic noise]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.16.993394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting CXCR1 and CXCR2 to overcome radiotherapy resistance in PTEN-deficient prostate carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.16.993394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTFunctional impairment of the tumour-suppressor PTEN is common in primary-prostate cancer and has been linked to relapse post-radiotherapy (RT). Pre-clinical modelling supports elevated CXC-chemokine signaling as a critical mediator of PTEN-depleted disease progression and therapeutic resistance. We assessed the correlation of PTEN-deficiency with CXC-chemokine signaling and its association with clinical outcomes. Gene expression analysis characterized a PTENLOW/CXCR1HIGH/CXCR2HIGH cluster of tumors that associates with earlier time-to-biochemical recurrence (HR 5.87 and HR 2.65 respectively) and development of systemic metastasis (HR 3.51). In vitro, CXCL-signaling was further amplified following exposure of PTEN-deficient prostate cancer cell lines to ionizing radiation (IR). Inhibition of CXCR1/2-signaling in PTEN-depleted cell-based models increased IR-sensitivity. In vivo, administration of a CXCR1/2-targeted pepducin (x1/2pal-i3), or CXCR2-specific antagonist (AZD5069), in combination with IR to PTEN-deficient xenografts attenuated tumor growth and progression compared to control or IR alone. Post-mortem analysis confirmed that x1/2pal-i3 administration attenuated IR-induced CXCL-signaling and anti-apoptotic protein expression. Interventions targeting CXC-chemokine signaling may provide an effective strategy to combine with radiotherapy, in both locally-advanced and oligometastatic-prostate cancers, with known presence of PTEN-deficient foci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, C. W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coulter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ong, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxwell, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butterworth, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyubomska, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berlingeri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Sullivan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prise, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bristow, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaBonte, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waugh, D. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.993394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting CXCR1 and CXCR2 to overcome radiotherapy resistance in PTEN-deficient prostate carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.999581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hormonal regulation of the BRC1-dependent strigolactone transcriptome involved in shoot branching responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.999581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The plant hormone strigolactone (SL) inhibits shoot branching by suppressing the growth of axillary buds. This is thought to occur largely via regulation of the transcription factor BRANCHED1 (BRC1). Here, we clarify the central role of BRC1 and identify additional transcriptional responses by which SL might regulate axillary bud outgrowth in garden pea (Pisum sativum). We used a transcriptomic approach to identify differentially expressed transcripts in pea axillary buds in response to a synthetic SL, rac-GR24. Changes in transcript abundance were confirmed by measuring their response to GR245DS. BRC1 was required for the regulation of over half of the fourteen GR245DS-regulated genes, confirming its role as a mediator of SL transcriptional responses in axillary buds. All, but one, of the BRC1-dependent GR245DS-regulated genes were also regulated by branch-promoting treatments cytokinin (CK) and/or decapitation in an opposing manner to SL. This suggests that SL, CK, and decapitation regulate shoot branching via a common pathway. We used correlational analyses of gene co-expression data to infer a gene regulatory network consisting of nine key co-expression modules correlated with rac-GR24 treatment. Enrichment of GO terms such as cell proliferation, carbohydrate responses, and abscisic acid and jasmonic acid hormone pathways suggest a role for these in SL-mediated inhibition of shoot branching. In summary, we have shown that BRC1 is indeed a key transcriptional regulator of the SL signalling pathway in pea buds as well as a focal point of the SL, CK and decapitation signalling pathways to coordinate shoot branching in pea buds.

One Sentence SummaryIdentification of genes that are strigolactone-responsive and BRC1-dependent in pea buds reveals a high degree of overlap among strigolactone, cytokinin and decapitation response pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerr, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Saint Germain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dissanayake, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dun, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanurdzic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beveridge, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.19.999581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hormonal regulation of the BRC1-dependent strigolactone transcriptome involved in shoot branching responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.052936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Minimising severity of dengue serotype 1 infection bytransmissible interfering particles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.052936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transmissible interfering dengue particles (DENV-TIPs) are engineered dengue virus mutants which are defective and can replicate only with the help of dengue wild-type virus (DENV). In vitro studies have found that when DENV-TIPs and DENV coinfect a cell, they compete for viral genomes and cell proteins for replication and packaging, and DENV-TIPs outperform DENV in this process. Thus, it is hypothesised that DENV-TIPs may be used as a novel therapeutic agent. However, the effectiveness of DENV-TIPs as an antiviral agent is yet to be explored at an epidemiological scale. We present a mathematical model for the replication of DENV and DENV-TIPs as they interact with human host cells, accounting for the effectiveness of DENV-TIPs in blocking DENV from coinfected cells. We fit the model to sequentially measured plasma viral titre data from primary and secondary dengue serotype 1 infected patients in Vietnam. We show that variation in initial DENV load is sufficient to recreate the observed variation between patients. Parameter estimates, differing in primary and secondary infections, do not confirm a significant difference between these two types of infection. We use our model to investigate the potential impact of DENV-TIPs as an antiviral agent. We conclude that, when the effectiveness of DENV-TIPs in inhibiting DENV from coinfected cells is at least 80%, a dose as high as 1012 copies per millilitre of blood is required to reduce duration of infection and peak DENV serotype 1 infection level at any time point of infection. This work provides a quantitative understanding of the relationship between DENV-TIPs levels and their efficiency in clearing dengue viral infection. It will guide future development of mechanistic models of how DENV-TIPs might contribute as an antiviral agent in limiting natural dengue infection.

Author summaryInhibition of dengue wild-type virus (DENV) by transmissible interfering dengue particles (DENV-TIPs) is seen in some in vitro studies, and it is hypothesised that DENV-TIPs may be used as a therapeutic agent. However, the efficiency of DENV-TIPs in limiting DENV infection in patients is yet to be explored at an epidemiological scale. Using data collected from dengue serotype 1 infected patients, we model how DENV replicates in an infected patient and how effective DENV-TIPs are in controlling that replication. Our results are of use in the evaluation of DENV-TIPs as a potential antiviral agent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shausan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaskov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drovandi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengersen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.21.052936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Minimising severity of dengue serotype 1 infection bytransmissible interfering particles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.058164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A draft genome of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), a resilient diploid legume 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.058164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have sequenced the genome of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), a resilient diploid (2n=14) legume closely related to pea (Pisum sativum). We determined the genome size of the sequenced European accession (LS007) as 6.3 Gbp. We generated two assemblies of this genome, i) EIv1 using Illumina PCR-free paired-end sequencing and assembly followed by long-mate-pair scaffolding and ii) Rbp using Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read sequencing and assembly followed by polishing with Illumina paired-end data. EIv1 has a total length of 8.12 Gbp (including 1.9 billion Ns) and scaffold N50 59,7 kbp. Annotation has identified 33,819 high confidence genes in the assembly. Rbp has a total length of 6.2 Gbp (with no Ns) and a contig N50 of 155.7 kbp. Gene space assessment using the eukaryote BUSCO database showed completeness scores of 82.8 % and 89.8%, respectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emmrich, P. M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Njaci, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaithakottil, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heavens, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waite, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheema, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calazzo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swarbreck, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mundree, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loose, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yant, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.058164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A draft genome of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), a resilient diploid legume]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.071308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Australian rodents reveal conserved Cranial Evolutionary Allometry across 10 million years of murid evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.071308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among vertebrates, placental mammals are particularly variable in the covariance between their cranial shapes and body size (allometry), with the notable exception of rodents. Australian murid rodents present an opportunity to assess the cause of this anomaly because they radiated on an ecologically diverse continent unique for lacking other terrestrial placentals. Here we used 3D geometric morphometrics to quantify species-level and evolutionary allometries in 38 species (317 crania) from all Australian murid genera. We ask if ecological opportunity resulted in greater allometric diversity; conversely, we test if intrinsic constraints and/or stabilizing selection conserved allometry. To increase confidence in species-level allometric slopes, we introduce a new phylogeny-based method of bootstrapping and randomly resampling across the whole sample. We found exceedingly conserved allometry across the 10 million year split between Mus and the clade containing Australian murids. Cranial shapes followed craniofacial evolutionary allometry (CREA) patterns, with larger species having relatively longer snouts and smaller braincases. CREA is consistent with both intrinsic constraints and stabilizing selection hypotheses for conserved allometry. However, large-bodied frugivores evolved faster, while carnivorous specialists showed skull modifications known to conflict with masticatory efficiency. These results suggest a strong role of stabilizing selection on the masticatory apparatus of murid rodents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marcy, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillerme, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherratt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowe, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisbecker, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.30.071308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Australian rodents reveal conserved Cranial Evolutionary Allometry across 10 million years of murid evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.075291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Baseline pulmonary levels of CD8+ T cells and NK cells inversely correlate with expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.075291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and currently has detrimental human health, community and economic impacts around the world. It is unclear why some SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals remain asymptomatic, while others develop severe symptoms. Baseline pulmonary levels of anti-viral leukocytes, already residing in the lung prior to infection, may orchestrate an effective early immune response and prevent severe symptoms. Using "in silico flow cytometry", we deconvoluted the levels of all seven types of anti-viral leukocytes in 1,927 human lung tissues. Baseline levels of CD8+ T cells, resting NK cells and activated NK cells, as well as cytokines that recruit these, are significantly lower in lung tissues with high expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2. We observe this in univariate analyses, in multivariate analyses, and in two independent datasets. Relevantly, ACE2 mRNA and protein levels very strongly correlate in human cells and tissues. Above findings also largely apply to the SARS-CoV-2 entry protease TMPRSS2. Both SARS-CoV-2-infected lung cells and COVID-19 lung tissues show upregulation of CD8+ T cell- and NK cell-recruiting cytokines. Moreover, tissue-resident CD8+ T cells and inflammatory NK cells are significantly more abundant in bronchoalveolar lavages from mildly affected COVID-19 patients, compared to severe cases. This suggests that these lymphocytes are important for preventing severe symptoms. Elevated ACE2 expression increases sensitivity to coronavirus infection. Thus, our results suggest that some individuals may be exceedingly susceptible to develop severe COVID-19 due to concomitant high pre-existing ACE2 and TMPRSS expression and low baseline cytotoxic lymphocyte levels in the lung.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duijf, P. H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.075291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Baseline pulmonary levels of CD8+ T cells and NK cells inversely correlate with expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.077834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical Thickness Trajectories across the Lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.077834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Delineating age-related cortical trajectories in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behaviour. Previous research has shown that deriving robust estimates of age-related brain morphometric changes requires large-scale studies. In response, we conducted a large-scale analysis of cortical thickness in 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years by pooling data through the Lifespan Working group of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to characterize age-related trajectories in cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma (LMS) method. Inter-individual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. Overall, cortical thickness peaked in childhood and had a steep decrease during the first 2-3 decades of life; thereafter, it showed a gradual monotonic decrease which was steeper in men than in women particularly in middle-life. Notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar and anterior cingulate cortices. Inter-individual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results reconcile uncertainties about age-related trajectories of cortical thickness; the centile values provide estimates of normative variance in cortical thickness, and may assist in detecting abnormal deviations in cortical thickness, and associated behavioural, cognitive and clinical outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frangou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modabbernia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doucet, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papachristou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aghajani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akudjedu, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albajes-Eizagirre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alnaes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alpert, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreasen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asherson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaschewski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bargallo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumeister, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baur-Streubel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonvino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgwardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourque, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandeis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodaty, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busatto, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckner, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canales-Rodriguez, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caseras, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellanos, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervenka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaim-Avancini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.05.077834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical Thickness Trajectories across the Lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.079475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subcortical Volume Trajectories across the Lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.079475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalised on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine the age-related morphometric trajectories of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum early in life; the volume of the basal ganglia showed a gradual monotonic decline thereafter while the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus remained largely stable (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life followed by a steep decline thereafter. The lateral ventricles showed a trajectory of continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Significant age-related increase in inter-individual variability was found for the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to derive risk predictions for the early identification of diverse clinical phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dima, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papachristou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modabbernia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doucet, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aghajani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akudjedu, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albajes-Eizagirre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alnaes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alpert, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreasen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asherson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaschewski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bargallo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumeister, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baur-Streubel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonvino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgwardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourque, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandeis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodaty, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busatto, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckner, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canales-Rodriguez, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caseras, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellanos, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervenka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaim-Avancini, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cl</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.05.079475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subcortical Volume Trajectories across the Lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.094847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterisation of ovine bone marrow-derived stromal cells (oBMSC) and evaluation of chondrogenically induced micro-pellets for cartilage tissue repair in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.094847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) show promise in cartilage repair, and sheep are the most common large animal pre-clinical model. The objective of this study was to characterize ovine BMSC (oBMSC) in vitro, and to evaluate the capacity of chondrogenic micro-pellets manufactured from oBMSC or ovine articular chondrocytes (oACh) to repair osteochondral defects in sheep.

MethodsoBMSC were characterised for surface marker expression using flow cytometry and evaluated for tri-lineage differentiation. oBMSC micro-pellets were manufactured in a microwell platform, and chondrogenesis was compared at 2%, 5%, and 20% O2. The capacity of cartilage micro-pellets manufactured from oBMSC or oACh to repair osteochondral defects in adult sheep was evaluated in an 8-week pilot study. Expanded oBMSC were positive for CD44 and CD146 and negative for CD45.

ResultsThe common adipogenic induction medium ingredient, 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) was toxic to oBMSC, but adipogenesis could be restored by excluding IBMX from the medium. BMSC chondrogenesis was optimal in a 2% O2 atmosphere. Micro-pellets formed from oBMSC or oACh appeared morphologically similar, but hypertrophic genes were elevated in oBMSC micro-pellets. While oACh micro-pellets formed cartilage-like repair tissue in sheep, oBMSC micro-pellets did not.

ConclusionThe sensitivity of oBMSC to IBMX highlights species-species differences between oBMSC and hBMSC. Micro-pellets manufactured from oBMSC were not effective in repairing osteochondral defects, while oACh micro-pellets enabled modest repair. While oBMSC can be driven to form cartilage-like tissue in vitro, their effective use in cartilage repair will require mitigation of hypertrophy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Futrega, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Music, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robey, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronthos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saifzadeh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doran, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.15.094847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterisation of ovine bone marrow-derived stromal cells (oBMSC) and evaluation of chondrogenically induced micro-pellets for cartilage tissue repair in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.097774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using a supervised principal components analysis for variable selection in high-dimensional datasets reduces false discovery rates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.097774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-dimensional datasets, where the number of variables  p is much larger compared to the number of samples  n, are ubiquitous and often render standard classification and regression techniques unreliable due to overfitting. An important research problem is feature selection -- ranking of candidate variables based on their relevance to the outcome variable and retaining those that satisfy a chosen criterion. In this article, we propose a computationally efficient variable selection method based on principal component analysis. The method is very simple, accessible, and suitable for the analysis of high-dimensional datasets. It allows to correct for population structure in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) which otherwise would induce spurious associations and is less likely to overfit. We expect our method to accurately identify important features but at the same time reduce the False Discovery Rate (FDR) (the expected proportion of erroneously rejected null hypotheses) through accounting for the correlation between variables and through de-noising data in the training phase, which also make it robust to outliers in the training data. Being almost as fast as univariate filters, our method allows for valid statistical inference. The ability to make such inferences sets this method apart from most of the current multivariate statistical tools designed for todays high-dimensional data. We demonstrate the superior performance of our method through extensive simulations. A semi-real gene-expression dataset, a challenging childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CALL) gene expression study, and a GWAS that attempts to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the rice grain length further demonstrate the usefulness of our method in genomic applications.

Author summaryAn integral part of modern statistical research is feature selection, which has claimed various scientific discoveries, especially in the emerging genomics applications such as gene expression and proteomics studies, where data has thousands or tens of thousands of features but a limited number of samples. However, in practice, due to unavailability of suitable multivariate methods, researchers often resort to univariate filters when it comes to deal with a large number of variables. These univariate filters do not take into account the dependencies between variables because they independently assess variables one-by-one. This leads to loss of information, loss of statistical power (the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis) and potentially biased estimates. In our paper, we propose a new variable selection method. Being computationally efficient, our method allows for valid inference. The ability to make such inferences sets this method apart from most of the current multivariate statistical tools designed for todays high-dimensional data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ULLAH, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengersen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pettitt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liquet, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.15.097774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using a supervised principal components analysis for variable selection in high-dimensional datasets reduces false discovery rates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.29.122796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline ERBB3 mutation in familial non-small cell lung carcinoma: expanding the role of the ErbB family in oncogenesis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.29.122796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundLung cancer is the commonest cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although strongly associated with smoking, predisposition to lung cancer is also heritable with multiple common risk variants identified. Rarely, dominantly inherited non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been reported due to somatic mutations in EGFR/ErbB1 and ERBB2.

MethodsGermline exome sequencing was performed in a multi-generation family with autosomal dominant NSCLC, including an affected child. Tumour samples were also sequenced. Full-length wild-type (wtErbB3) and mutant ERBB3 (mutErbB3) constructs were transfected into HeLa cells. Protein expression, stability, and sub-cellular localisation were assessed; and cellular proliferation, pAkt/Akt, and pERK levels were determined.

ResultsA novel germline variant in ERBB3 (c.1946T>G: p.Iso649Arg), coding for receptor tyrosineprotein kinase erbB-3 (ErbB3), was identified, with appropriate segregation. There was no loss-of-heterozygosity in tumour samples. Both wtErbB3 and mutErbB3 were stably expressed. MutErbB3-transfected cells demonstrated an increased ratio of the 80kD form (which enhances proliferation) compared to the full-length (180kD) form. MutErbB3 and wtErbB3 had similar punctate cytoplasmic localisation pre- and post-EGF stimulation; however, EGFR levels decreased faster post-stimulation in mutErbB3-transfected cells, suggesting more rapid processing of the mutErbB3/EGFR heterodimer. Cellular proliferation was increased in mutErbB3-transfected cells compared to wtErbB3 transfection. MutErbB3-transfected cells also showed decreased pAkt/tAkt ratios and increased pERK/tERK 30 minutes post-stimulation compared to wtErbB3 transfection, demonstrating altered signalling pathway activation by mutErbB3. Cumulatively, these results support this mutation as tumorogenic.

ConclusionsThis is the first reported family with a germline ERBB3 mutation causing heritable NSCLC, furthering understanding of the ErbB family pathway in oncogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McInerney-Leo, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inglis, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leo, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassall, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gattas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.29.122796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline ERBB3 mutation in familial non-small cell lung carcinoma: expanding the role of the ErbB family in oncogenesis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.135202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heparanase promotes Syndecan-1 expression to mediate fibrillar collagen and mammographic density in human breast tissue cultured ex vivo. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.135202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammographic density (MD) is a strong and independent factor for breast cancer (BC) risk and is increasingly associated with BC progression. We have previously shown in mice that high MD, which is characterised by the preponderance of a fibrous stroma, facilitates BC xenograft growth and metastasis. This stroma is rich in extracellular matrix (ECM) factors, including heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), such as the BC-associated syndecan-1 (SDC1). These proteoglycans tether growth factors, which are released by heparanase (HPSE). MD is positively associated with estrogen exposure and, in cell models, estrogen has been implicated in the upregulation of HPSE, the activity of which promotes SDC expression. Herein we describe a novel measurement approach (single-sided NMR) using a patient-derived explant (PDE) model of normal human (female) mammary tissue cultured ex vivo to investigate the role(s) of HPSE and SDC1 on MD. Relative HSPG gene and protein analyses determined in patient-paired high versus low MD tissues identified SDC1 and SDC4 as potential mediators of MD. Using the PDE model we demonstrate that HPSE promotes SDC1 rather than SDC4 expression and cleavage, leading to increased MD. In this model system, synstatin (SSTN), an SDC1 inhibitory peptide designed to decouple SDC1-ITGv{beta}3 parallel collagen alignment, reduced the abundance of fibrillar collagen as assessed by picrosirius red viewed under polarised light, and reduced MD. Our results reveal a potential role for HPSE in maintaining MD via its direct regulation of SDC1, which in turn physically tethers collagen into aligned fibres characteristic of MD. We propose that inhibitors of HPSE and/or SDC1 may afford an opportunity to reduce MD in high BC risk individuals and reduce MD-associated BC progression in conjunction with established BC therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reye, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momot, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blick, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilley, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snell, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okolicsanyi, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferro, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugo, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.04.135202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heparanase promotes Syndecan-1 expression to mediate fibrillar collagen and mammographic density in human breast tissue cultured ex vivo.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.07.139089v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic plasticity in cancer activates apocryphal pathways for lipid desaturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.07.139089v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fatty acid (FA) modifications, such as enzymatic desaturation and elongation, have long been thought to involve sequential and highly specific enzyme-substrate interactions, which result in canonical products that are well-defined in their chain lengths, degree of unsaturation and double bond positions.1 These products act as a supply of building blocks for the synthesis of complex lipids supporting a symphony of lipid signals and membrane macrostructure. Recently, it was brought to light that differences in substrate availability due to enzyme inhibition can activate alternative pathways in a range of cancers, potentially altering the total species repertoire of FA metabolism.2,3 We have used isomer-resolved lipidomics to analyse human prostate tumours and cancer cell lines and reveal, for the first-time, the full extent of metabolic plasticity in cancer. Assigning the double bond position(s) in simple and complex lipids allows mapping of fatty acid desaturation and elongation via hitherto apocryphal metabolic pathways that generate FAs with unusual sites of unsaturation. Downstream utilisation of these FAs is demonstrated by their incorporation into complex structural lipids. The unsaturation profiles of different phospholipids reveal substantive structural variation between classes that will, necessarily, modulate lipid-centred biological processes in cancer cells including membrane fluidity3-5 and signal transduction.6-8
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Young, R. S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tousignant, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bidgood, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narreddula, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poad, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heeren, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanksby, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.07.139089</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic plasticity in cancer activates apocryphal pathways for lipid desaturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.141036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mineral density differences between femoral cortical bone and trabecular bone are not explained by turnover rate alone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.141036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bone mineral density distributions (BMDDs) are a measurable property of bone tissues that depends strongly on bone remodelling and mineralisation processes. These processes can vary significantly in health and disease and across skeletal sites, so there is high interest in analysing these processes from experimental BMDDs. Here, we propose a rigorous hypothesis-testing approach based on a mathematical model of mineral heterogeneity in bone due to remodelling and mineralisation, to help explain differences observed between the BMDD of human femoral cortical bone and the BMDD of human trabecular bone. Recent BMDD measurements show that femoral cortical bone possesses a higher bone mineral density, but a similar mineral heterogeneity around the mean compared to trabecular bone. By combining this data with the mathematical model, we are able to test whether this difference in BMDD can be explained by (i) differences in turnover rate; (ii) differences in osteoclast resorption behaviour; and (iii) differences in mineralisation kinetics between the two bone types. We find that accounting only for differences in turnover rate is inconsistent with the fact that both BMDDs have a similar spread around the mean, and that accounting for differences in osteoclast resorption behaviour leads to biologically inconsistent bone remodelling patterns. We conclude that the kinetics of mineral accumulation in bone matrix must therefore be different in femoral cortical bone and trabecular bone. Although both cortical and trabecular bone are made up of lamellar bone, the different mineralisation kinetics in the two types of bone point towards more profound structural differences than usually assumed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lerebours, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinkamer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roschger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.08.141036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mineral density differences between femoral cortical bone and trabecular bone are not explained by turnover rate alone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.09.141747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional melanoma cell heterogeneity is regulated by MITF-dependent cell-matrix interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.09.141747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cells plays a critical role in shaping treatment response. This type of heterogeneity is organized spatially with specific phenotypes, such as sharply demarcated clusters of proliferating and cell cycle-arrested cells, predominating within discrete domains within a tumor. What determines the occurrence of specific tumor cell phenotypes in distinct microdomains of solid cancers is poorly understood. Here, we show that in melanoma spatial organization of phenotypic heterogeneity is dictated by the expression and activity of MITF. We reveal that this lineage survival oncogene controls ECM composition and organization, and ROCK-driven mechanotransduction through focal adhesion maturation and actin cytoskeleton functionality. In turn, altered tumor microarchitecture and structural integrity impact tumor solid stress which then mediates phenotypic heterogeneity through p27Kip1. Rho-ROCK-myosin signaling is necessary to transmit the effect of the reciprocal cell-ECM regulation into phenotypic heterogeneity. Our findings place cell-ECM crosstalk as a central driver of phenotypic tumor heterogeneity.

SignificancePhenotypic heterogeneity is a major culprit of cancer therapy failure. We demonstrate that phenotypic heterogeneity is controlled through tumor cell-ECM crosstalk resulting in altered tumor microarchitecture, mechanotransduction and Rho-ROCK-myosin signaling. Melanoma shares these physical properties with any solid cancer underscoring the importance of our findings for therapeutically targeting this phenomenon.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spoerri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonnessen-Murray, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaumont, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jurek, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanwalleghem, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fane, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daignault, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matigian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stehbens, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaider, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weninger, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabrielli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.09.141747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional melanoma cell heterogeneity is regulated by MITF-dependent cell-matrix interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population dynamics with spatial structure and an Allee effect 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allee effects describe populations in which long-term survival is only possible if the population density is above some threshold level. A simple mathematical model of an Allee effect is one where initial densities below the threshold lead to population extinction, whereas initial densities above the threshold eventually asymptote to some positive carrying capacity density. Mean field models of population dynamics neglect spatial structure that can arise through short-range interactions, such as short-range competition and dispersal. The influence of such non mean-field effects has not been studied in the presence of an Allee effect. To address this we develop an individual-based model (IBM) that incorporates both short-range interactions and an Allee effect. To explore the role of spatial structure we derive a mathematically tractable continuum approximation of the IBM in terms of the dynamics of spatial moments. In the limit of long-range interactions where the mean-field approximation holds, our modelling framework accurately recovers the mean-field Allee threshold. We show that the Allee threshold is sensitive to spatial structure that mean-field models neglect. For example, we show that there are cases where the mean-field model predicts extinction but the population actually survives and vice versa. Through simulations we show that our new spatial moment dynamics model accurately captures the modified Allee threshold in the presence of spatial structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Plank, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surendran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.173153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population dynamics with spatial structure and an Allee effect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.28.176495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved Role of the Large Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel, KCa1.1, in Sinus Node Function and Arrhythmia Risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.28.176495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundKCNMA1 encodes the -subunit of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, KCa1.1, and lies within a linkage interval for atrial fibrillation (AF). Insights into the cardiac functions of KCa1.1 are limited and KCNMA1 has not been investigated as an AF candidate gene.

Methods and ResultsKCNMA1 sequencing in 118 patients with familial AF identified a novel complex variant in one kindred. To evaluate potential disease mechanisms, we first evaluated the distribution of KCa1.1 in normal hearts using immunostaining and immunogold electron microscopy. KCa1.1 was seen throughout the atria and ventricles in humans and mice, with strong expression in the sinus node. In an ex vivo murine sinoatrial node preparation, addition of the KCa1.1 antagonist, paxilline, blunted the increase in beating rate induced by adrenergic receptor stimulation. Knockdown of the KCa1.1 ortholog, kcnma1b, in zebrafish embryos resulted in sinus bradycardia with dilatation and reduced contraction of the atrium and ventricle. Genetic inactivation of the Drosophila KCa1.1 ortholog, slo, systemically or in adult stages, also slowed the heartbeat and produced cardiac arrhythmias.

Electrophysiological characterization of slo-deficient flies revealed bursts of action potentials, reflecting increased events of fibrillatory arrhythmias. Flies with cardiac-specific overexpression of the human KCNMA1 mutant also showed increased heart period and bursts of action potentials, similar to the KCa1.1 loss-of-function models.

ConclusionsOur data point to a highly conserved role of KCa1.1 in sinus node function in humans, mice, zebrafish and fly and suggest that KCa1.1 loss of function may predispose to AF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pined, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolova-Krstevski, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leimena, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altekoester, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacoby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttner, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohanian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trived, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molenaar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuchar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodmer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogler, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobrzyn, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ocorr, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.28.176495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved Role of the Large Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel, KCa1.1, in Sinus Node Function and Arrhythmia Risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.185686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A free boundary mechanobiological model of epithelial tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.185686v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we couple intracellular signalling and cell-based mechanical properties to develop a novel free boundary mechanobiological model of epithelial tissue dynamics. Mechanobiological coupling is introduced at the cell level in a discrete modelling framework, and new reaction-diffusion equations are derived to describe tissue-level outcomes. The free boundary evolves as a result of the underlying biological mechanisms included in the discrete model. To demonstrate the accuracy of the continuum model, we compare numerical solutions of the discrete and continuum models for two different signalling pathways. First, we study the Rac-Rho pathway where cell- and tissue-level mechanics are directly related to intracellular signalling. Second, we study an activator-inhibitor system which gives rise to spatial and temporal patterning related to Turing patterns. In all cases, the continuum model and free boundary condition accurately reflect the cell-level processes included in the discrete model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tambyah, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.185686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A free boundary mechanobiological model of epithelial tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.03.179028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genes associated with liver damage signalling pathways may impact the severity of COVID-19 symptoms in Spanish and Italian populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.03.179028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimThe novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19 disease, has infected more than 10 million people and caused 500K deaths worldwide. In Europe, over 2 million confirmed cases have been reported, while nearly 200K people have died from the disease. Despite strict containment measures in Spain and Italy after the first reported COVID-19 patient, these two countries have remained in the top five European nations with the highest mortality rate for over two months. We hypothesised that a genetic mechanism could partially explain the poor survival outcome observed in these two countries.

MethodsAn extensive literature search to identify human candidate genes linked to SARS-CoV infection, host immune evasion and disease aggressiveness was carried out. Pathway analysis (IPA) was performed to select the most significantly associated canonical signalling pathways with the genes of interest. The genetic variants at these genes with {+/-}1Mb flanking region was extracted (GRCh37/hg19 built). Over 80 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed in genome-wide data of 2,504 individuals (1000 genomes, phase III, https://www.internationalgenome.org/). Principal component (PC) analysis was performed, ancestry by the whole genome was inferred and subsets of the regions of interest were extracted (PLINK v1.9b, http://pngu.mgh.harvard.edu/purcell/plink/). PC1 to PC20 values from five European ancestries, including the Spanish and Italian populations, were used for PC analysis. Gene function predictions were run with our genes of interest as a query to the GeneMANIA Cytoscape plugin (https://genemania.org/).

ResultsA total of 437 candidate genes associated with SARS were identified, including 21 correlated with COVID-19 aggressiveness. The two most significant pathways associated with all 437 genes (Caveolar-mediated Endocytosis and MSP-RON Signalling) did not show any segregation at the population level. However, the most significant canonical pathway associated with genes linked to COVID-19 aggressiveness, the Hepatic Fibrosis and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation, showed population-specific segregation. Both the Spanish and Italian populations clustered together from the rest of Europe. This was also observed for the Finnish population but in the opposite direction. These results suggest some of the severe COVID-19 cases reported in Spain and Italy could be partially explained by a pre-existing liver condition (especially liver cancer) and/or may lead to further COVID-19 related liver complications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leire Moya</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samaneh Farashi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prashanth N Suravajhala</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panchadsaram Janaththani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jyotsna Batra</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.03.179028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genes associated with liver damage signalling pathways may impact the severity of COVID-19 symptoms in Spanish and Italian populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.197020v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modelling cell guidance and curvature control in evolving biological tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.197020v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue geometry is an important influence on the evolution of many biological tissues. The local curvature of an evolving tissue induces tissue crowding or spreading, which leads to differential tissue growth rates, and to changes in cellular tension, which can influence cell behaviour. Here, we investigate how directed cell motion interacts with curvature control in evolving biological tissues. Directed cell motion is involved in the generation of angled tissue growth and anisotropic tissue material properties, such as tissue fibre orientation. We develop a new cell-based mathematical model of tissue growth that includes both curvature control and cell guidance mechanisms to investigate their interplay. The model is based on conservation principles applied to the density of tissue synthesising cells at or near the tissues moving boundary. The resulting mathematical model is a partial differential equation for cell density on a moving boundary, which is solved numerically using a hybrid front-tracking method called the cell-based particle method. The inclusion of directed cell motion allows us to model new types of biological growth, where tangential cell motion is important for the evolution of the interface, or for the generation of anisotropic tissue properties. We illustrate such situations by applying the model to simulate both the resorption and infilling components of the bone remodelling process, and to simulate root hair growth. We also provide user-friendly MATLAB code to implement the algorithms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Solene G.D. Hegarty-Cremer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew J Simpson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas L. Andersen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascal R Buenzli</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.10.197020</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modelling cell guidance and curvature control in evolving biological tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.216812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection of clustered anomalies in single-voxel morphometry as a rapid automated method for identifying intracranial aneurysms. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.216812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are prevalent neurovascular anomalies which, in rare circumstances, rupture to create a catastrophic subarachnoid haemorrhage. Although surgical management can reduce rupture risk, the majority of IAs exist undiscovered until rupture. Current computer-aided UIA diagnoses sensitively detect and measure UIAs within cranial angiograms, but remain limited to low specificities whose output requires considerable neuroradiologist interpretation not amenable to broad screening efforts. To address these limitations, we propose an analysis which interprets single-voxel morphometry of segmented neurovasculature to identify UIAs. Once neurovascular anatomy of a specified resolution is segmented, interrelationships between voxel-specific morphometries are estimated and spatially-clustered outliers are identified as UIA candidates. Our automated solution detects UIAs within magnetic resonance angiograms (MRA) at unmatched 86% specificity and 81% sensitivity using 3 minutes on a conventional laptop. Our approach does not rely on interpatient comparisons or training datasets which could be difficult to amass and process for rare incidentally discovered UIAs within large MRA files, and in doing so, is versatile to user-defined segmentation quality, to detection sensitivity, and across a range of imaging resolutions and modalities. We propose this method as a unique tool to aid UIA screening, characterisation of abnormal vasculature in at-risk patients, morphometry-based rupture risk prediction, and identification of other vascular abnormalities.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=77 SRC="FIGDIR/small/216812v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (24K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@166f3aborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@76ea1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f03619org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16fd797_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Graphical Abstract C_FIG Highlights O_LIRapid and automated detection of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in MRAs
C_LIO_LIHighly specific, sensitive UIA detection to reduce radiologist input for screening
C_LIO_LIDetection is versatile to image resolution, modality and has tuneable mm sensitivity
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allenby, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prior, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso-Caneiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.22.216812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection of clustered anomalies in single-voxel morphometry as a rapid automated method for identifying intracranial aneurysms.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.230029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Passive muscle stretching reduces estimates of persistent inward current strength in soleus motor units 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.230029v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prolonged ([&ge;]60 s) passive muscle stretching acutely reduces maximal force production at least partly through a suppression of efferent neural drive. The origin of this neural suppression has not been determined, however some evidence suggests that reductions in the amplitude of persistent inward currents (PICs) in the motoneurons may be important. The aim of the present study was to determine whether acute passive (static) muscle stretching affects PIC strength in gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and soleus (SOL) motor units. We calculated the difference in instantaneous discharge rates at recruitment and derecruitment ({Delta}F) for pairs of motor units in GM and SOL during triangular isometric plantar flexor contractions (20% maximum) both before and immediately after a 5-min control period and immediately after five 1-min passive plantar flexor stretches. After stretching there was a significant reduction in SOL {Delta}F (-25.6%; 95%CI = -45.1 to -9.1 %, p=0.002) but not GM {Delta}F. These data suggest passive muscle stretching can reduce the intrinsic excitability, via PICs, of SOL motor units. These findings (1) suggest that PIC strength might be reduced after passive stretching, (2) are consistent with previously-established post-stretch decreases in SOL but not GM EMG amplitudes during contraction, and (3) indicate that reductions in PIC strength could underpin the stretch-induced force loss.

SUMMARY STATEMENTMotoneurons require an amplification mechanism to operate within the firing frequencies observed during normal motor behaviour. Here we present evidence that this amplification mechanism is reduced after passive muscle stretching.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trajano, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orssatto, L. B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNulty, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blazevich, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.230029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Passive muscle stretching reduces estimates of persistent inward current strength in soleus motor units]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.230425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temperature alters gene expression in mosquitoes during arbovirus infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.230425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya constitute a significant proportion of the global disease burden. The principal vector of these pathogens is the mosquito Aedes (Ae.) aegypti, and its ability to transmit virus to a human host is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature. However, exactly how ambient temperature influences virus replication within mosquitoes remains poorly elucidated, particularly at the molecular level. Here, we use chikungunya virus (CHIKV) as a model to understand how the host mosquito transcriptome responds to arbovirus infection under different ambient temperatures. We exposed CHIKV-infected mosquitoes to 18 {degrees}C, 28 {degrees}C and 32 {degrees}C, and found higher temperature correlated with higher virus replication levels, particularly at early time points post-infection. Lower ambient temperatures resulted in reduced virus replication levels. Using RNAseq, we found that temperature significantly altered gene expression levels in mosquitoes, particularly components of the immune response. The highest number of significantly differentially expressed genes in response to CHIKV was observed at 28 {degrees}C, with a markedly more muted effect observed at either lower (18 {degrees}C) or higher (32 {degrees}C) temperatures. At the higher temperature, the expression of many classical immune genes, including Dicer-2 in the RNAi pathway, was not substantially altered in response to CHIKV. Upregulation of Toll, IMD and JAK-STAT pathways was only observed at 28 {degrees}C. Time post infection also led to substantially different gene expression profiles, and this effect varied depending upon the which temperature mosquitoes were exposed to. Taken together, our data indicate temperature significantly modulates mosquito gene expression in response to infection, potentially leading to impairment of immune defences at higher ambient temperatures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wimalasiri-Yapa, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrero, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stassen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafner, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGraw, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyke, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhrbier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakob, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devine, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frentiu, F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.230425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temperature alters gene expression in mosquitoes during arbovirus infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.245233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Listen to the noise: identifiability analysis for stochastic differential equation models in systems biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.245233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mathematical models are routinely calibrated to experimental data, with goals ranging from building predictive models to quantifying parameters that cannot be measured. Whether or not reliable parameter estimates are obtainable from the available data can easily be overlooked. Such issues of parameter identifiability have important ramifications for both the predictive power of a model, and the mechanistic insight that can be obtained. Identifiability analysis is well-established for deterministic, ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, but there are no commonly-adopted methods for analysing identifiability in stochastic models. We provide an accessible introduction to identifiability analysis and demonstrate how existing ideas for analysis of ODE models can be applied to stochastic differential equation (SDE) models through four practical case studies. To assess structural identifiability, we study ODEs that describe the statistical moments of the stochastic process using open-source software tools. Using practically-motivated synthetic data and Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, we assess parameter identifiability in the context of available data. Our analysis shows that SDE models can often extract more information about parameters than deterministic descriptions. All code used to perform the analysis is available on Github.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warne, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.10.245233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Listen to the noise: identifiability analysis for stochastic differential equation models in systems biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.249813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-Dependent Shared and Non-Shared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.249813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDSex differences in incidence and/or presentation of schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP) are pervasive. Previous evidence for shared genetic risk and sex differences in brain abnormalities across disorders suggest possible shared sex-dependent genetic risk.

METHODSWe conducted the largest to date genome-wide genotype-by-sex (GxS) interaction of risk for these disorders, using 85,735 cases (33,403 SCZ, 19,924 BIP, 32,408 MDD) and 109,946 controls from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and iPSYCH.

RESULTSAcross disorders, genome-wide significant SNP-by-sex interaction was detected for a locus encompassing NKAIN2 (rs117780815; p=3.2x10-8), that interacts with sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase enzymes implicating neuronal excitability. Three additional loci showed evidence (p<1x10-6) for cross-disorder GxS interaction (rs7302529, p=1.6x10-7; rs73033497, p=8.8x10-7; rs7914279, p=6.4x10-7) implicating various functions. Gene-based analyses identified GxS interaction across disorders (p=8.97x10-7) with transcriptional inhibitor SLTM. Most significant in SCZ was a MOCOS gene locus (rs11665282; p=1.5x10-7), implicating vascular endothelial cells. Secondary analysis of the PGC-SCZ dataset detected an interaction (rs13265509; p=1.1x10-7) in a locus containing IDO2, a kynurenine pathway enzyme with immunoregulatory functions implicated in SCZ, BIP, and MDD. Pathway enrichment analysis detected significant GxS of genes regulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor signaling in MDD (pFDR<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn the largest genome-wide GxS analysis of mood and psychotic disorders to date, there was substantial genetic overlap between the sexes. However, significant sex-dependent effects were enriched for genes related to neuronal development, immune and vascular functions across and within SCZ, BIP, and MDD at the variant, gene, and pathway enrichment levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blokland, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grove, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotsapas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St Clair, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lencz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowry, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periyasamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairns, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooney, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corvin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jönsson, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palotie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrenreich, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begemann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steixner-Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sham, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwata, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinberger, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gejman, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buxbaum, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rujescu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giegling, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konte, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bramon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pato, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.13.249813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-Dependent Shared and Non-Shared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.19.258327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Responses to Loud Acoustic Stimuli: Short and Long Timescale Effects on Cortical and Sub-Cortical Preparation Reflect Conditional Probability. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.19.258327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The presentation of Loud Acoustic Stimuli (LAS) during preparation can trigger motor actions at very short latencies in a phenomenon called the StartReact effect. It was initially proposed that a special, separate sub-cortical mechanism which by-passes slower cortical processes could be involved. We sought to examine the evidence for a separate mechanism against the alternative that responses to LAS can be explained by a combination of stimulus intensity effects and preparatory-states - as proposed by activation models of motor control.

To investigate whether cortically mediated preparatory processes are involved in shaping reactions to LAS, we used an auditory reaction task where we manipulated preparation-level within each trial. We contrasted responses to non-intense tones and LAS and examined whether cortical activation, sub-cortical excitability (measured by pre-stimulus EEG and eye-blink startle reflexes, respectively) and the motor response were influenced by preparation-level.

As predicted by the activation model, increases in preparation-level were marked by gradual reductions in RT coupled with increases in cortical activation and sub-cortical excitability - at both condition- and trial-levels. Changes in cortical activation influenced motor and auditory but not visual areas - highlighting the wide-spread yet selective nature of preparation. RTs were shorter to LAS than tones, but the overall pattern of preparation-level effects were the same for both stimuli. These results demonstrate that LAS responses are indeed shaped by cortically mediated preparatory processes. The concurrent changes observed in brain and behaviour with increasing preparation reinforces the notion that preparation is marked by evolving brain states which shape the motor response.

Key PointsO_LIReactions to Loud Acoustic Stimuli can be explained by stimulus intensity and preparation state
C_LIO_LIWe manipulated movement preparation by altering the temporal position of the imperative stimulus
C_LIO_LIPreparation was marked by reductions in RT, and increased cortical and sub-cortical excitability
C_LIO_LIPreparation had the same effect on reactions to Loud Acoustic Stimuli and non-intense tones
C_LIO_LIThe results highlight the widespread, evolving, and strategic nature of movement preparation
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresilian, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipp, O. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavora-Vieira, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marinovic, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.19.258327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Responses to Loud Acoustic Stimuli: Short and Long Timescale Effects on Cortical and Sub-Cortical Preparation Reflect Conditional Probability.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.26.269084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A biophysical and structural analysis of DNA binding by oligomeric hSSB1 (NABP2/OBFC2B) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.26.269084v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The oxidative modification of DNA can result in the loss of genome integrity and must be repaired to maintain overall genomic stability. We have recently demonstrated that human single stranded DNA binding protein 1 (hSSB1/NABP2/OBFC2B) plays a crucial role in the removal of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro- guanine (8-oxoG), the most common form of oxidative DNA damage. The ability of hSSB1 to form disulphide-bonded tetramers and higher oligomers in an oxidative environment is critical for this process. In this study, we have used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments to determine the molecular details of ssDNA binding by oligomeric hSSB1. We reveal that hSSB1 oligomers interact with single DNA strands containing damaged DNA bases; however, our data also show that oxidised bases are recognised in the same manner as undamaged DNA bases. We further demonstrate that oxidised hSSB1 interacts with ssDNA with a significantly higher affinity than its monomeric form confirming that oligomeric proteins such as tetramers can bind directly to ssDNA. NMR experiments provide evidence that oligomeric hSSB1 is able to bind longer ssDNA in both binding polarities using a distinct set of residues different to those of the related SSB from Escherichia coli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>El-Kamand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jergic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kariawasam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cubeddu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamsjaeger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.26.269084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A biophysical and structural analysis of DNA binding by oligomeric hSSB1 (NABP2/OBFC2B)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.290833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial analysis of ligand-receptor interactions in skin cancer at genome-wide and single-cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.290833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to study cancer-immune cell communication across the whole tumor section without tissue dissociation is needed for cancer immunotherapies, to understand molecular mechanisms and to discover potential druggable targets. In this work, we developed a powerful experimental and analytical toolbox to enable genome-wide scale discovery and targeted validation of cellular communication. We assessed the utilities of five sequencing and imaging technologies to study cancer tissue, including single-cell RNA sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomic (measuring over >20,000 genes), RNA In Situ Hybridization (multiplex 4-12 genes), digital droplet PCR, and Opal multiplex protein staining (4-9 proteins). To spatially integrate multimodal data, we developed a computational method called STRISH that can automatically scan across the whole tissue section for local expression of gene and/or protein markers to recapitulate an interaction landscape across the whole tissue. We evaluated the unique ability of this toolbox to discover and validate cell-cell interaction in situ through in-depth analysis of two types of cancer, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which account for over 70% of cancer cases. We expect that the approach described here will be widely applied to discover and validate ligand receptor interaction in different types of solid cancer tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devitt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghubar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purdue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuong, Z. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soyer, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.290833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial analysis of ligand-receptor interactions in skin cancer at genome-wide and single-cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.307140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Design Principles Underlying Robust Perfect Adaptation of Complex Biochemical Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.307140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biochemical networks are often characterised by tremendous complexity - both in terms of the sheer number of interacting molecules ("nodes") and in terms of the varied and incompletely understood interactions among these molecules ("interconnections" or "edges"). Strikingly, the vast and intricate networks of interacting proteins that exist within each living cell have the capacity to perform remarkably robustly, and reproducibly, despite significant variations in concentrations of the interacting components from one cell to the next, and despite mutability over time of biochemical parameters. Here we consider the ubiquitously observed and fundamentally important signalling response known as Robust Perfect Adaptation (RPA). We have recently shown that all RPA-capable networks, even the most complex ones, must satisfy an extremely rigid set of design principles, and are modular, being decomposable into just two types of network building-blocks - Opposer modules, and Balancer modules. Here we present an overview of the design principles that characterize all RPA-capable network topologies through a detailed examination of a collection of simple examples. We also introduce a diagrammatic method for studying the potential of a network to exhibit RPA, which may be applied without a detailed knowledge of the complex mathematical principles governing RPA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Araujo, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liotta, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.21.307140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Design Principles Underlying Robust Perfect Adaptation of Complex Biochemical Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.315838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Meta-analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and integrative OMICs in human skeletal muscle. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.315838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Knowledge of age-related DNA methylation changes in skeletal muscle is limited, yet this tissue is severely affected by aging in humans. Using a large-scale epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) meta-analysis of age in human skeletal muscle from 10 studies (total n = 908 human muscle methylomes), we identified 9,986 differentially methylated regions at a stringent false discovery rate < 0.005, spanning 8,748 unique genes, many of which related to skeletal muscle structure and development. We then integrated the DNA methylation results with known transcriptomic and proteomic age-related changes in skeletal muscle, and found that even though most differentially methylated genes are not altered at the mRNA or protein level, they are nonetheless strongly enriched for genes showing age-related differential expression. We provide here the most comprehensive picture of DNA methylation aging in human skeletal muscle, and have made our results available as an open-access, user-friendly, web-based tool called MetaMeth (https://sarah-voisin.shinyapps.io/MetaMeth/).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voisin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacques, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gancheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahnert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffey, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, J.-L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabory, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junien, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caiazzo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verkindt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raverdi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froguel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blocquiaux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharples, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schurmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eynon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.28.315838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Meta-analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and integrative OMICs in human skeletal muscle.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.328831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APEX-Gold: A genetically-encoded particulate marker for robust 3D electron microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.328831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic tags allow rapid localization of tagged proteins in cells and tissues. APEX, an ascorbate peroxidase, has proven to be one of the most versatile and robust genetic tags for ultrastructural localization by electron microscopy. Here we describe a simple method, APEX-Gold, which converts the diffuse oxidized diaminobenzidine reaction product of APEX into a silver/gold particle akin to that used for immunogold labelling. The method increases the signal to noise ratio for EM detection, providing unambiguous detection of the tagged protein, and creates a readily quantifiable particulate signal. We demonstrate the wide applicability of this method for detection of membrane proteins, cytoplasmic proteins and cytoskeletal proteins. The method can be combined with different electron microscopic techniques including fast freezing and freeze substitution, focussed ion beam scanning electron microscopy, and electron tomography. The method allows detection of endogenously expressed proteins in genome-edited cells. We make use of a cell-free expression system to generate membrane particles with a defined quantum of an APEX-fusion protein. These particles can be added to cells to provide an internal standard for estimating absolute density of expressed APEX-fusion proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rae, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariotti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mead, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riches, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baltos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopoulos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryce, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cagigas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardeman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunning, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parton, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.328831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APEX-Gold: A genetically-encoded particulate marker for robust 3D electron microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.03.367623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated AI labelling of optic nerve head enables new insights into cross-ancestry glaucoma risk and genetic discovery in over 280,000 images from the UK Biobank and Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.03.367623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cupping of the optic nerve head, a highly heritable trait, is a hallmark of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Two key parameters are vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) and vertical disc diameter (VDD). However, manual assessment often suffers from poor accuracy and is time-intensive. Here, we show convolutional neural network models can accurately estimate VCDR and VDD for 282,100 images from both UK Biobank and an independent study (Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging), enabling cross-ancestry epidemiological studies and new genetic discovery for these optic nerve head parameters. Using the AI approach we perform a systematic comparison of the distribution of VCDR and VDD, and compare these with intraocular pressure and glaucoma diagnoses across various genetically determined ancestries, which provides an explanation for the high rates of normal tension glaucoma in East Asia. We then used the large number of AI gradings to conduct a more powerful genome-wide association study (GWAS) of optic nerve head parameters. Using the AI based gradings increased estimates of heritability by ~50% for VCDR and VDD. Our GWAS identified more than 200 loci for both VCDR and VDD (double the number of loci from previous studies), uncovers dozens of novel biological pathways, with many of the novel loci also conferring risk for glaucoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steven, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qassim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bean, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremeer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siggs, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gharahkhani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewitt, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trzaskowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacGregor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.03.367623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated AI labelling of optic nerve head enables new insights into cross-ancestry glaucoma risk and genetic discovery in over 280,000 images from the UK Biobank and Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.374199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence of genetic overlap between circadian preference and brain white matter microstructure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.374199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Study objectivePrevious neuroimaging studies have highlighted differences in white matter microstructure among individuals with different chronotypes, but it is unclear whether those differences are due to genetic or environmental factors.

MethodsHere we leverage summary statistics from recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of chronotype and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures to examine the genetic overlap and infer causal relationships between these traits.

ResultsWe identified 29 significant pairwise genetic correlations, of which 13 also had evidence for a causal association. Negative genetic correlations were identified between chronotype and brain-wide mean, axial and radial diffusivities. When exploring individual tracts, ten negative genetic correlations were observed with mean diffusivities, 10 with axial diffusivities, 4 with radial diffusivities and 2 with mode of anisotropy. We found evidence for a possible causal association of chronotype with white matter microstructure in individual tracts including the posterior limb and retrolenticular part of the internal capsule; the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and the posterior, superior and anterior regions of the corona radiata.

ConclusionsOur results suggest that eveningness is associated with variation in tract-specific white matter microstructure and, for an evening person, increases in axial and / or radial diffusivities may influence a higher mean diffusivity. These findings add to our understanding of circadian preference and its relationship with the brain, providing new perspectives on the genetic neurological underpinnings of chronotypes role in health and disease.

Statement of SignificanceSleep is essential for a healthy brain function, particularly for neural organization and brain structure development. Individual chronotype differences have been associated with depression, schizophrenia, diabetes and obesity, among other conditions. Investigating the shared genetic aetiology between chronotype and white matter microstructure is essential to understand the neurological basis of individual variation in chronotype. In the present study, we show that tract-specific white matter microstructure is genetically correlated and causally associated with chronotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Marin, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcauter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulcahy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kho, P.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuellar-Partida, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renteria, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.09.374199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence of genetic overlap between circadian preference and brain white matter microstructure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.376368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Attention and prediction modulations in expected and unexpected visuospatial trajectories. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.376368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans are constantly exposed to a rich tapestry of visual information in a potentially changing environment. To cope with the computational burden this engenders, our perceptual system must use prior context to simultaneously prioritise stimuli of importance and suppress irrelevant surroundings. This study investigated the influence of prediction and attention in visual perception by investigating event-related potentials (ERPs) often associated with these processes, N170 and N2pc for prediction and attention, respectively. A contextual trajectory paradigm was used which violated visual predictions and neglected to predetermine areas of spatial interest, to account for the potentially unpredictable nature of a real-life visual scene. Participants (N=36) viewed a visual display of cued and non-cued shapes rotating in a five-step predictable trajectory, with the fifth and final position of either the cued or non-cued shape occurring in a predictable or unpredictable spatial location. To investigate the predictive coding theory of attention we used factors of attention and prediction, whereby attention was manipulated as either cued or non-cued conditions, and prediction manipulated in either predictable or unpredictable conditions. Results showed both enhanced N170 and N2pc amplitudes to unpredictable compared to predictable stimuli. Stimulus cueing status also increased N170 amplitude, but this did not interact with stimulus predictability. The N2pc amplitude was not affected by stimulus cueing status. In accordance with previous research these results suggest the N170 is in part a visual prediction error response with respect to higher-level visual processes, and furthermore the N2pc may index attention reorientation. The results demonstrate prior context influences the sensitivity of the N170 and N2pc electrophysiological responses. These findings add further support to the role of N170 as a prediction error signal and suggest that the N2pc may reflect attentional reorientation in response to unpredicted stimulus locations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baker, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pegna, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.10.376368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Attention and prediction modulations in expected and unexpected visuospatial trajectories.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.396960v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChIP-R: Assembling reproducible sets of ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq peaks from multiple replicates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.396960v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) is the primary protocol for detecting genome-wide DNA-protein interactions, and therefore a key tool for understanding transcriptional regulation. A number of factors, including low specificity of antibody and cellular heterogeneity of sample, may cause "peak" callers to output noise and experimental artefacts. Statistically combining multiple experimental replicates from the same condition could significantly enhance our ability to distinguish actual transcription factor binding events, even when peak caller accuracy and consistency of detection are compromised.

We adapted the rank-product test to statistically evaluate the reproducibility from any number of ChIP-seq experimental replicates. We demonstrate over a number of benchmarks that our adaptation "ChIP-R" (pronounced  chipper) performs as well as or better than comparable approaches on recovering transcription factor binding sites in ChIP-seq peak data. We also show ChIP-R extends to evaluate ATAC-seq peaks, finding reproducible peak sets even at low sequencing depth. ChIP-R decomposes peaks across replicates into "fragments" which either form part of a peak in a replicate, or not. We show that by re-analysing existing data sets, ChIP-R reconstructs reproducible peaks from fragments with enhanced biological enrichment relative to current strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Newell, R. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pienaar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balderson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piper, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Essebier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.24.396960</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChIP-R: Assembling reproducible sets of ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq peaks from multiple replicates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.06.413856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mathematical model of tumour spheroid experiments with real-time cell cycle imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.06.413856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro tumour spheroid experiments are an important tool for studying cancer progression and potential drug therapies. Standard experiments involve growing and imaging spheroids to explore how different experimental conditions lead to different rates of spheroid growth. These kinds of experiments, however, do not reveal any information about the spatial distribution of the cell cycle within the expanding spheroid. Since 2008, a new experimental technology called fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI), has enabled real time in situ visualisation of the cell cycle progression. FUCCI labelling involves cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle fluorescing red, and cells in the S/G2/M phase of the cell cycle fluorescing green. Experimental observations of 3D tumour spheroids with FUCCI labelling reveal significant intratumoural structure, as the cell cycle status can vary with location. Although many mathematical models of tumour spheroid growth have been developed, none of the existing mathematical models are designed to interpret experimental observations with FUCCI labelling. In this work we extend the mathematical framework originally proposed by Ward and King (1997) to develop a new mathematical model of FUCCI-labelled tumour spheroid growth. The mathematical model treats the spheroid as being composed of three subpopulations: (i) living cells in G1 phase that fluoresce red; (ii) living cells in S/G2/M phase that fluoresce green; and, (iii) dead cells that do not fluoresce. We assume that the rates at which cells pass through different phases of the cell cycle, and the rate of cell death, depend upon the local oxygen concentration in the spheroid. Parameterising the new mathematical model using experimental measurements of cell cycle transition times, we show that the model can capture important experimental observations that cannot be addressed using previous mathematical models. Further, we show that the mathematical model can be used to quantitatively mimic the action of anti-mitotic drugs applied to the spheroid. All software required to solve the nonlinear moving boundary problem associated with the new mathematical model are available on GitHub.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spoerri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.06.413856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mathematical model of tumour spheroid experiments with real-time cell cycle imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.418434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of mechanical interactions in EMT 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.418434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The detachment of cells from the boundary of an epithelial tissue and the subsequent invasion of these cells into surrounding tissues is important for cancer development and wound healing, and is strongly associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Chemical signals, such as TGF-{beta}, produced by surrounding tissue can be up-taken by cells and induce EMT. In this work, we present a novel cell-based discrete mathematical model of mechanical cellular relaxation, cell proliferation, and cell detachment driven by chemically-dependent EMT in an epithelial tissue. A continuum description of the model is then derived in the form of a novel nonlinear free boundary problem. Using the discrete and continuum models we explore how the coupling of chemical transport and mechanical interactions influences EMT, and postulate how this could be used to help control EMT in pathological situations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tambyah, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugo, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.09.418434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of mechanical interactions in EMT]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.420570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Persistent Inward Currents Increase With The Level Of Voluntary Drive In Plantar Flexor Low-Threshold Motor Units 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.420570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study tested the hypothesis that estimates of persistent inward currents (PICs) in the human plantar flexors would increase with the level of voluntary drive. Twenty-one participants volunteered for this study (29.2{+/-}2.6 years). High-density surface electromyograms were collected from soleus and gastrocnemius medialis during ramp-shaped isometric contractions to 10%, 20%, and 30% (torque rise of 2%/s and 30-s duration) of each participants maximal torque. Motor units identified in all the contraction intensities were included in the paired-motor unit analysis to calculate delta frequency ({Delta}F) and estimate the PICs. Increases in PICs were observed from 10% to 20% ({Delta}=0.6 pps; p<0.001) and 20% to 30% ({Delta}=0.5 pps; p<0.001) in soleus, and from 10% to 20% ({Delta}=1.2 pps; p<0.001) but not 20% to 30% ({Delta}=0.09 pps; p=0.724) in gastrocnemius medialis. Maximal discharge rate increased for soleus and gastrocnemius medialis from 10% to 20% (respectively, {Delta}=1.75 pps, p<0.001; and {Delta}=2.43 pps, p<0.001) and 20% to 30% (respectively, {Delta}=0.80 pps, p<0.017; and {Delta}=0.92 pps, p=002). The repeated-measures correlation identified associations between {Delta}F and increases in maximal discharge rate for both soleus (r=0.64; p<0.001) and gastrocnemius medialis (r=0.77; p<0.001). An increase in voluntary drive tends to increase PIC strength, which has key implications for the control of force but also for comparisons between muscles or between studies when relative force levels might be different. These data indicate that increases in voluntary descending drive amplify PICs in humans and provide an important spinal mechanism for motor unit firing, and thus force output modulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orssatto, L. B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shield, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakugawa, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blazevich, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajano, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.11.420570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Persistent Inward Currents Increase With The Level Of Voluntary Drive In Plantar Flexor Low-Threshold Motor Units]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Do Motoneurons Slow With Aging? A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis With Meta-Regression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nervous system maladaptation is linked to the loss of maximal strength production and motor control with aging. Motor unit discharge rates are a critical determinant of force production; thus, lower discharge rates could be a mechanism underpinning maximal strength and motor control losses during aging. This meta-analysis summarized the findings of studies comparing motor unit discharge rates between young and older adults, and examined the effect of distinct muscles and contraction intensities on the magnitude of discharge rates difference between these two groups. Eligible studies were combined in a meta-analysis, including tested contraction intensities and muscles in different levels, to investigate whether there were differences in discharge rates between younger and older adults. Motor unit discharge rates were higher in younger adults compared to older adults, with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for all studies of 0.63 (95%CI= 0.27 to 0.99). Contraction intensity had a significant effect on the pooled SMD, with a 1% increase in intensity associated with a 0.009 (95%CI= 0.003 to 0.015) change in the pooled SMD. These findings suggest that the reductions in motor unit discharge rates, especially at higher contraction intensities, may be an important mechanism underpinning age-related losses in maximal strength production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orssatto, L. B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pendrith, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shield, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blazevich, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajano, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.15.422812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Do Motoneurons Slow With Aging? A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis With Meta-Regression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.24.424291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrasensitivity and bistability in covalent modification cycles with positive autoregulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.24.424291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Switch-like behaviours in biochemical networks are of fundamental significance in biological signal processing, and exist as two distinct types: ultra-sensitivity and bistability. Here we propose two new models of a reversible covalent-modification cycle with positive autoregulation (PAR) - a motif structure that is thought to be capable of both ultrasensitivity and bistability in different parameter regimes. These new models appeal to a modelling framework that we call complex complete, which accounts fully for the molecular complexities of the underlying signalling mechanisms. Each of the two new models encodes a specific molecular mechanism for PAR. We demonstrate that the modelling simplifications for PAR models that have been used in previous work, which rely on a Michaelian approximation for the enzyme-mediated reactions, are unable to accurately recapitulate the qualitative signalling responses supported by our  full complex-complete models. Strikingly, we show that the parameter regimes in which ultrasensitivity and bistability obtain in the complex-complete framework contradict the predictions made by the Michaelian simplification. Our results highlight the critical importance of accurately representing the molecular details of biochemical signalling mechanisms, and strongly suggest that the Michaelian approximation may be inadequate for predictive models of enzyme-mediated chemical reactions with added regulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeynes-Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.24.424291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrasensitivity and bistability in covalent modification cycles with positive autoregulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AusTraits: a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of measurements of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 375 traits across 29230 taxa from field campaigns, published literature, taxonomic monographs, and individual taxa descriptions. Traits vary in scope from physiological measures of performance (e.g. photosynthetic gas exchange, water-use efficiency) to morphological parameters (e.g. leaf area, seed mass, plant height) which link to aspects of ecological variation. AusTraits contains curated and harmonised individual-, species- and genus-level observations coupled to, where available, contextual information on site properties. This data descriptor provides information on version 2.1.0 of AusTraits which contains data for 937243 trait-by-taxa combinations. We envision AusTraits as an ongoing collaborative initiative for easily archiving and sharing trait data to increase our collective understanding of the Australian flora.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Falster, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenk, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indiarto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahrens, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfonzetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angevin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkin, O. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auld, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bean, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackman, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloomfield, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bragg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodribb, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckton, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrows, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camac, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cawthray, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cernusak, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheesman, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clinton, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clode, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornwell, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosgrove, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crisp, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crous, K</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.04.425314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AusTraits: a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.425867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Choosing optimal trigger points for ex situ, in toto conservation of single population threatened species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.425867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many endangered species exist in only a single population, and almost all species that go extinct will do so from their last remaining population. Understanding how to best conserve these single population threatened species (SPTS) is therefore a distinct and important task for threatened species conservation science. As a last resort, managers of SPTS may consider taking the entire population into captivity - ex situ, in toto conservation. In the past, this choice has been taken to the great benefit of the SPTS, but it has also lead to catastrophe. Here, we develop a decision-support tool for planning when to trigger this difficult action. Our method considers the uncertain and ongoing decline of the SPTS, the possibility that drastic ex situ action will fail, and the opportunities offered by delaying the decision. Specifically, these benefits are additional time for ongoing in situ actions to succeed, and opportunities for the managers to learn about the system. To illustrate its utility, we apply the decision tool to four retrospective case-studies of declining SPTS. As well as offering support to this particular decision, our tool illustrates why trigger points for difficult conservation decisions should be formulated in advance, but must also be adaptive. A trigger-point for the ex situ, in toto conservation of a SPTS, for example, will not take the form of a simple threshold abundance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tambyah, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenwick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegarty-Cremer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.425867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Choosing optimal trigger points for ex situ, in toto conservation of single population threatened species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426456v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Muscle-specific Cavin4 interacts with Bin1 to promote T-tubule formation and stability in developing skeletal muscle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426456v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cavin proteins are essential for caveola biogenesis and function. Here, we identify a role for the muscle-specific component, Cavin4, in skeletal muscle T-tubule development by analyzing two vertebrate systems: mouse and zebrafish. In both models Cavin4 localized to T-tubules and loss of Cavin4 resulted in aberrant T-tubule maturation. In zebrafish, which possess duplicated cavin4 paralogs, Cavin4b was shown to directly interact with the T-tubule-associated BAR domain protein, Bin1. Loss of both Cavin4a and Cavin4b caused aberrant accumulation of interconnected caveolae within the T-tubules, a fragmented T-tubule network enriched in Caveolin-3, and an impaired Ca2+ response upon mechanical stimulation. We propose a role for Cavin4 in remodeling the T-tubule membrane early in development by recycling caveolar components from the T-tubule to the sarcolemma. This generates a stable T-tubule domain lacking caveolae that is essential for T-tubule function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariotti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacomotto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rae, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floetenmeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradi, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tillu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahnama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nixon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastiani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palpant, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426456</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Muscle-specific Cavin4 interacts with Bin1 to promote T-tubule formation and stability in developing skeletal muscle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RBCeq: An Integrated Bioinformatics Algorithm Designed to Improve Blood Type Compatibility Testing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While blood transfusion is an essential cornerstone of hematological care, patients that require repetitive transfusion remain at persistent risk of alloimmunization due to the diversity of human blood group polymorphisms. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an effective means of identifying genotypic and phenotypic variations among the blood groups, while the accurate interpretation of such NGS data is currently hampered by a lack of accessibility to bioinformatics support. To address this unmet need, we have developed the RBCeq (https://www.rbceq.org/) platform, which consists of a novel bioinformatics algorithm coupled with a user-friendly web server capable of comprehensively delineating different blood group variants from genomics data with advanced visualization of results. The software profiles genomic data for 36 blood group systems, including two transcription factors and can identify small genetic alterations, including small indels and copy number variants. The RBCeq algorithm was validated on 403 samples which include 58 complex serology cases from Australian Red Cross LifeBlood, 100 samples from The MedSeq Project (phs000958) and a further 245 from Indigenous Australian participants. The final blood typing data from RBCeq was 99.83% concordant for 403 samples (85 different antigens in 21 blood group systems) with that listed from the International Society for Blood Transfusion database.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jadhao, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davison, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roulis, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeman, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Divate, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankar, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecheniuk, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irving, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyland, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flower, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagaraj, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RBCeq: An Integrated Bioinformatics Algorithm Designed to Improve Blood Type Compatibility Testing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BGvar - a comprehensive resource for blood group immunogenetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBlood groups form the basis of effective and safe blood transfusion. There are about 41 well recognized human blood group systems presently known. Blood groups are molecularly determined by the presence of specific antigens on the red blood cells and are genetically determined and inherited following Mendelian principles. The lack of a comprehensive, relevant, manually compiled and genome-ready dataset of red cell antigens limited the widespread application of genomic technologies to characterise and interpret the blood group complement of an individual from genomic datasets.

Materials and MethodsA range of public datasets were used to systematically annotate the variation compendium for its functionality and allele frequencies across global populations. Details on phenotype or relevant clinical importance were collated from reported literature evidence.

ResultsWe have compiled the Blood Group Associated Genomic Variant Resource (BGvar), a manually curated online resource comprising all known human blood group related allelic variants including a total of 1672 ISBT approved alleles and 1552 alleles predicted and curated from literature reports. This repository includes 1606 Single Nucleotide Variations (SNVs), 270 Insertions, Deletions (InDels) and Duplications and about 1310 combination mutations corresponding to 41 human blood group systems and 2 transcription factors. This compendium also encompasses gene fusion and rearrangement events occurring in human blood group genes.

ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, BGvar is a comprehensive and a user friendly resource with most relevant collation of blood group alleles in humans. BGvar is accessible online at URL: http://clingen.igib.res.in/bgvar/
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rophina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandhare, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jadhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagaraj, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scaria, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.04.429861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BGvar - a comprehensive resource for blood group immunogenetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Osteomacs support osteoclast-mediated resorption and contribute to bone pathology in a postmenopausal osteoporosis mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteal macrophages (osteomacs) support osteoblast function and promote bone anabolism, but their contribution to osteoporosis has not been explored. While mouse ovariectomy models have been repeatedly used, variation in strain, experimental design and assessment modalities, have contributed to no single model being confirmed as comprehensively replicating the full gamut of osteoporosis pathological manifestations. We validated an ovariectomy model in adult C3H/HeJ mice and demonstrated that it presents with human post-menopausal osteoporosis features, including reduced bone volume in axial and appendicular bone and bone loss in both trabecular and cortical bone including increased cortical porosity. Bone loss was associated with increased osteoclasts on trabecular and endocortical bone and decreased osteoblasts on trabecular bone. Importantly, this OVX model was characterised by delayed fracture healing. Using this validated model, we demonstrated that osteomacs are increased post-ovariectomy on both trabecular and endocortical bone. Dual F4/80 (pan-macrophage marker) and TRAP staining revealed osteomacs frequently located near TRAP+ osteoclasts and containing TRAP+ intracellular vesicles. Using an in vivo inducible macrophage depletion model that does not simultaneously deplete osteoclasts, we observed that osteomac loss was associated with elevated extracellular TRAP in bone marrow interstitium and increased serum TRAP. Using in vitro high-resolution confocal imaging of mixed osteoclast-macrophage cultures on bone substrate, we observed macrophages juxtaposed to osteoclast basolateral functional secretory domains scavenging degraded bone by-products. These data demonstrate a role for osteomacs in supporting osteoclastic bone resorption through phagocytosis and sequestration of resorption by-products. Finally, using Siglec1 knockout mice, we demonstrated that loss of the macrophage-restricted molecule Siglec-1/CD169 is sufficient to cause age-associated low bone mass, emphasizing the macrophages, independent of osteoclasts, contribute to optimal skeletal health. Overall, our data expose a novel role for osteomacs in supporting osteoclast function and provide the first evidence of their involvement in osteoporosis pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Batoon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millard, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raggatt, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L. W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandrock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartnikowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlos, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pettit, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.05.429872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Osteomacs support osteoclast-mediated resorption and contribute to bone pathology in a postmenopausal osteoporosis mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human primed endothelial colony forming cells exert neuroprotective effects in the growth restricted newborn piglet 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fetal brain is particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of fetal growth restriction (FGR) with subsequent abnormal neurodevelopment being common. There are no current treatments to protect the FGR newborn from lifelong neurological disorders. This study examines whether pure fetal mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) from the human term placenta are neuroprotective through modulating neuroinflammation and supporting the brain vasculature. We determined that one dose of these primed ECFCs (pECFC) on the first day of life to the newborn FGR piglet improved damaged vasculature, restored the neurovascular unit, reduced brain inflammation and improved adverse neuronal and white matter changes present in the FGR newborn piglet brain. These findings could not be reproduced using mesenchymal stromal cells alone. These results demonstrate pECFC treatment exerts beneficial effects on multiple cellular components in the FGR brain and act as a neuroprotectant.

One Sentence SummaryStem cell treatment improves brain outcomes in the growth restricted newborn
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chand, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjorkman, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sim, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colditz, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khosrotehrani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wixey, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.15.431307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human primed endothelial colony forming cells exert neuroprotective effects in the growth restricted newborn piglet]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.431964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recoding enhances the metabolic capabilities of two novel methylotrophic Asgardarchaeota lineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.431964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Asgardarchaeota have been proposed as the closest living relatives to eukaryotes, and a total of 72 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) representing six primary lineages in this archaeal phylum have thus far been described. These organisms are predicted to be fermentative organoheterotrophs contributing to carbon cycling in sediment ecosystems. Here, we double the genomic catalogue of Asgardarchaeota by obtaining 71 MAGs from a range of habitats around the globe, including deep subsurface, shallow lake, and geothermal spring sediments. Phylogenomic inferences followed by taxonomic rank normalisation confirmed previously established Asgardarchaeota classes and revealed four novel lineages, two of which were consistently recovered as monophyletic classes. We therefore propose the names Candidatus Hodarchaeia class nov. and Cand. Jordarchaeia class nov., derived from the gods Hod and Jord in Norse mythology. Metabolic inference suggests that both novel classes represent methylotrophic acetogens, encoding the transfer of methyl groups, such as methylated amines, to coenzyme M with acetate as the end product in remnants of a methanogen-derived core metabolism. This inferred mode of energy conservation is predicted to be enhanced by genetic code expansions, i.e. recoding, allowing the incorporation of the rare 21st and 22nd amino acids selenocysteine (Sec) and pyrrolysine (Pyl). We found Sec recoding in Jordarchaeia and all other Asgardarchaeota classes, which likely benefit from increased catalytic activities of Sec-containing enzymes. Pyl recoding on the other hand is restricted to Hodarchaeia in the Asgardarchaeota, making it the first reported non-methanogenic lineage with an inferred complete Pyl machinery, likely providing this class with an efficient mechanism for methylamine utilisation. Furthermore, we identified enzymes for the biosynthesis of ester-type lipids, characteristic of Bacteria and Eukaryotes, in both novel classes, supporting the hypothesis that mixed ether-ester lipids are a shared feature among Asgardarchaeota.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagen, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedlund, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woyke, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugenholtz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.19.431964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recoding enhances the metabolic capabilities of two novel methylotrophic Asgardarchaeota lineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biological networks with singular Jacobians: their origins and adaptation criteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This work is focused on Ordinary Differential Equations(ODE)-based models of biochemical systems that possess a singular Jacobian manifesting in non-hyperbolic equilibria. We show that there are several classes of systems that exhibit this behavior: a)systems with monomial-type interaction terms and b)systems with linear or nonlinear conservation laws. While models derived from mass-action principles often present with linear conservation laws stemming from the underlying biologic rationale, nonlinear conservation laws are more subtle and harder to detect. Nevertheless, in both situations the corresponding ODE system will contain non-hyperbolic equilibria. While having a potentially more complex dynamics and falling outside of the scope of existing theoretical frameworks, this class of systems can still exhibit adapting behavior associated with certain nodes and inputs. We derive a generalized adaptation condition that extends to singular systems and is compatible with both single-input/single-output and multiple-input/multiple-output settings. The approach explored herein, based on the notion of Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse, is tested on several synthetic systems that are shown to exhibit homeostatic behavior but are not covered by existing methods. These results highlight the role of the network structure and modeling assumptions when understanding system response to input and can be helpful in discovering intrinsic relationships between the nodes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oellerich, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emelianenko, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liotta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biological networks with singular Jacobians: their origins and adaptation criteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pediatric nasal epithelial cells are less permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication compared to adult cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434300v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Children typically experience more mild symptoms of COVID-19 when compared to adults. There is a strong body of evidence that children are also less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection with the ancestral viral isolate. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has been associated with an increased number of pediatric infections. Whether this is the result of widespread adult vaccination or fundamental changes in the biology of SARS-CoV-2 remains to be determined. Here, we use primary nasal epithelial cells from children and adults, differentiated at an air-liquid interface to show that the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 replicates to significantly lower titers in the nasal epithelial cells of children compared to those of adults. This was associated with a heightened antiviral response to SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal epithelial cells of children. Importantly, the Delta variant also replicated to significantly lower titres in the nasal epithelial cells of children. This trend was markedly less pronounced in the case of Omicron. It is also striking to note that, at least in terms of viral RNA, Omicron replicated better in pediatric NECs compared to both Delta and the ancestral virus. Taken together, these data show that the nasal epithelium of children supports lower infection and replication of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, although this may be changing as the virus evolves.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karawita, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labzin, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yarlagadda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khromykh, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocks, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kollmann, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kicic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sly, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spann, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.08.434300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pediatric nasal epithelial cells are less permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication compared to adult cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.435057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of the utility of three nebulizers in investigating infectivity of airborne viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.435057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Laboratory-generated bioaerosols are widely used in aerobiology studies of viruses, however few comparisons of alternative nebulizers exist. We compared aerosol production and virus survival for a Collison nebulizer, vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN), and hydraulic spray atomizer (HAS). We also measured the dry size distribution of the aerosols produced, calculated the droplet sizes before evaporation and the dry size distribution from normal saline solution. Dry count median diameters of 0.25, 0.63 and 0.76 {micro}m were found for normal saline from the Collison nebulizer, VMN and HSA, respectively. The volume median diameters were 2.91, 3.2 and 2.43 {micro}m, respectively. The effect of nebulization on the viability of two influenza A viruses (IAVs) (H1N1, H3N2) and human rhinovirus (HRV)-16, was assessed by direct nebulization into an SKC Biosampler. The HSA had least impact on surviving fractions (SFs) of H1N1 and H3N2 (89{+/-}5%, 94{+/-}3%), followed by the Collison nebulizer (82{+/-}2%, 82{+/-}3%). The VMN yielded SFs of 78{+/-}2% and 76{+/-}2%, respectively. Conversely, for HRV-16, the VMN produced higher SFs (86{+/-}15%). Our findings indicate that although the VMN had the greatest impact on IAV survival, it produced higher aerosol concentrations within the airborne-size range making it more suitable where high aerosol mass production is required.

ImportanceViral respiratory tract infections cause millions of lost days of work and physician visits globally, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality. Respiratory droplet and droplet nuclei from infected hosts are the substantial potential carriers of such viruses within indoor environments. Laboratory-generated bioaerosols are applied in understanding the transmission and infection of viruses, simulating the physiological aspects of bioaerosol generation in a controlled environment. However, little comparative characterization exists for nebulizers used in infectious disease aerobiology, including Collison nebulizer, Vibrating mesh nebulizer, and hydraulic spray atomizer. This study characterized the physical features of aerosols generated by laboratory nebulizers, and their performance in producing aerosols at a size relevant to airborne transmission used in infectious disease aerobiology. We also determined the impact of nebulization mechanisms of these nebulizers on the viability of human respiratory viruses, including IAV H1N1, IAV H3N2 and HRV-16.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niazi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philp, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.435057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of the utility of three nebulizers in investigating infectivity of airborne viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep learning-based pan-cancer classification model reveals cancer-specific gene expression signatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The identification of cancer-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets is one of the primary goals of cancer genomics. Thousands of cancer genomes, exomes, and transcriptomes have been sequenced to date. In this study, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of transcriptome datasets from 37 cancer types provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) in an effort to identify cancer-specific gene expression signatures. We employed deep neural networks to train a model on the transcriptome profile datasets for all cancer types. The model was validated, and its predictive accuracy was determined using an independent dataset, achieving > 97% prediction accuracy across cancer types. This strongly suggests that there are distinct gene expression signatures associated with various cancer types. We interpreted the model using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to identify specific gene signatures that significantly contributed to the classification of cancer types. In addition to known biomarkers, we identified several novel biomarkers in different cancer types. These cancer-specific gene signatures are valuable candidates for future studies of their potential utility as cancer biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Divate, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyagi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gowda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>H Nagaraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.435283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep learning-based pan-cancer classification model reveals cancer-specific gene expression signatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptome integration reveal distinct sex differences in skeletal muscle. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nearly all human complex traits and diseases exhibit some degree of sex differences, with epigenetics being one of the main contributing factors. Various tissues display sex differences in DNA methylation, however this has not yet been explored in skeletal muscle, despite skeletal muscle being among the tissues with the most transcriptomic sex differences. For the first time, we investigated the effect of sex on autosomal DNA methylation in human skeletal muscle across three independent cohorts (Gene SMART, FUSION, and GSE38291) using a meta-analysis approach, totalling 369 human muscle samples (222 males, 147 females), and integrated this with known sex-biased transcriptomics. We found 10,240 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at FDR < 0.005, 94% of which were hypomethylated in males, and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that differentially methylated genes were involved in muscle contraction and substrate metabolism. We then investigated biological factors underlying DNA methylation sex differences and found that circulating hormones were not associated with differential methylation at sex-biased DNA methylation loci, however these sex-specific loci were enriched for binding sites of hormone-related transcription factors (with top TFs including androgen (AR), estrogen (ESR1), and glucocorticoid (NR3C1) receptors). Fibre type proportions were associated with differential methylation across the genome, as well as across 16 % of sex-biased DNA methylation loci (FDR < 0.005). Integration of DNA methylomic results with transcriptomic data from the GTEx database and the FUSION cohort revealed 326 autosomal genes that display sex differences at both the epigenome and transcriptome levels. Importantly, transcriptional sex-biased genes were overrepresented among epigenetic sex-biased genes (p-value = 4.6e-13), suggesting differential DNA methylation and gene expression between male and female muscle are functionally linked. Finally, we validated expression of three genes with large effect sizes (FOXO3A, ALDH1A1, and GGT7) in the Gene SMART cohort with qPCR. GGT7, involved in antioxidant metabolism, displays male-biased expression as well as lower methylation in males across the three cohorts. In conclusion, we uncovered 8,420 genes that exhibit DNA methylation differences between males and females in human skeletal muscle that may modulate mechanisms controlling muscle metabolism and health.

SignificanceThe importance of uncovering biological sex differences and their translation to physiology has become increasingly evident. Using a large-scale meta-analysis of three cohorts, we perform the first comparison of genome-wide skeletal muscle DNA methylation between males and females, and identify thousands of genes that display sex-differential methylation. We then explore intrinsic biological factors that may be underlying the DNA methylation sex differences, such as fibre type proportions and sex hormones. Leveraging the GTEx database, we identify hundreds of genes with both sex-differential expression and DNA methylation in skeletal muscle. We further confirm the sex-biased genes with gene expression data from two cohorts included in the methylation meta-analysis. Our study integrates genomewide sex-biased DNA methylation and expression in skeletal muscle, shedding light on distinct sex differences in skeletal muscle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Landen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacques, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voisin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eynon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.16.435733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptome integration reveal distinct sex differences in skeletal muscle.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Implementation and acceleration of optimal control for systems biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optimal control theory provides insight into complex resource allocation decisions. The forward-backward sweep method (FBSM) is an iterative technique commonly implemented to solve two-point boundary value problems (TPBVPs) arising from the application of Pontryagins Maximum Principle (PMP) in optimal control. In this review we discuss the PMP approach to optimal control and the implementation of the FBSM. By conceptualising the FBSM as a fixed point iteration process, we leverage and adapt existing acceleration techniques to improve its rate of convergence. We show that convergence improvement is attainable without prohibitively costly tuning of the acceleration techniques. Further, we demonstrate that these methods can induce convergence where the underlying FBSM fails to converge. All code used in this work to implement the FBSM and acceleration techniques is available on GitHub at https://github.com/Jesse-Sharp/Sharp2021.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharp, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.17.435721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Implementation and acceleration of optimal control for systems biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.436061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A short ERK5 isoform modulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of active ERK5 and associates with poor survival in breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.436061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of ERK5 has gained recent attention as a regulator of its diverse roles in cancer progression but the exact mechanisms for this shuttling are still under investigation.

MethodsUsing in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies, we investigated the roles of shorter ERK5 isoforms in regulating the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of active phosphorylated-ERK5 (pERK5). Retrospective cohorts of primary and metastatic breast cancer cases were used to evaluate the association of the subcellular localization of pERK5 with clinicopathological features.

ResultsExtranuclear localization of pERK5 was observed during cell migration in vitro and at the invasive fronts of metastatic tumors in vivo. The nuclear and extranuclear cell fractions contained different isoforms of pERK5, which are encoded by splice variants expressed in breast and other cancers in the TCGA data. One isoform, isoform-3, lacks the C-terminal transcriptional domain and the nuclear localization signal. The co-expression of isoform-3 and full-length ERK5 associated with high epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and poor patient survival. Experimentally, expressing isoform-3 with full-length ERK5 in breast cancer cells increased cell migration, drove EMT and led to tamoxifen resistance. In breast cancer patient samples, pERK5 showed variable subcellular localizations where its extranuclear localization associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, metastasis, and poor survival.

ConclusionOur studies support a model of ERK5 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling driven by splice variants in an interplay between mesenchymal and epithelial states during metastasis. Using ERK5 as a biomarker and a therapeutic target should account for its splicing and context-dependent biological functions.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=97 SRC="FIGDIR/small/436061v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (58K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1491ed5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1875fbeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9edbbcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16c34c8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG ERK5 isoform-3 expression deploys active ERK5 (pERK5) outside the nucleus to facilitate EMT and cell migration. In cells dominantly expressing isoform-1, pERK5 shuttles to the nucleus to drive cell expansion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miranda, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunus, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akgül, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradi Marjaneh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutasovic, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casciello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozali, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handoko, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiegmans, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCart Reed, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenevix-Trench, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K. K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakhani, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Ejeh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.23.436061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A short ERK5 isoform modulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of active ERK5 and associates with poor survival in breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Model-based data analysis of tissue growth in thin 3D printed scaffolds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue growth in three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds enables exploration and control of cell behaviour in biologically realistic geometries. Cell proliferation and migration in these experiments have yet to be explicitly characterised, limiting the ability of experimentalists to determine the effects of various experimental conditions, such as scaffold geometry, on cell behaviour. We consider tissue growth by osteoblastic cells in melt electro-written scaffolds that comprise thin square pores with sizes that we deliberately vary. We collect highly detailed temporal measurements of the average cell density, tissue coverage, and tissue geometry. To quantify tissue growth in terms of the underlying cell proliferation and migration processes, we introduce and calibrate a mechanistic mathematical model based on the Porous-Fisher reaction-diffusion equation. Parameter estimates and uncertainty quantification through profile likelihood analysis reveal consistency in the rate of cell proliferation and steady-state cell density between pore sizes. This analysis also serves as an important model verification tool: while the use of reaction-diffusion models in biology is widespread, the appropriateness of these models to describe tissue growth in 3D scaffolds has yet to be explored. We find that the Porous-Fisher model is able to capture features relating to the cell density and tissue coverage, but is not able to capture geometric features relating to the circularity of the tissue interface. Our analysis identifies two distinct stages of tissue growth, suggests several areas for model refinement, and provides guidance for future experimental work that explores tissue growth in 3D printed scaffolds.

Author SummaryAdvances in 3D printing technology have led to cell culture experiments that realistically capture natural biological environments. Despite the necessity of quantifying cell behaviour with parameters that can be compared between experiments, many existing mathematical models of tissue growth in these experiments neglect information relating to population size. We consider tissue growth by cells on 3D printed scaffolds that comprise square pores of various sizes in this work. We apply a relatively simple mathematical model based on the Porous-Fisher reaction-diffusion equation to interpret highly detailed measurements relating to both the cell density and the quantity of tissue deposited. We analyse the efficacy of such a model in capturing cell behaviour seen in the experiments and quantify cell behaviour in terms of parameters that carry a biologically meaningful interpretation. Our analysis identifies important areas for model refinement and provides guidance for future data-collection and experimentation that explores tissue growth in 3D printed scaffolds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maclaren, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanaro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allenby, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.436898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Model-based data analysis of tissue growth in thin 3D printed scaffolds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.436914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic analysis of patient-derived xenograft models reveals intra-tumor heterogeneity in endometrial cancer and can predict tumor growth inhibition with talazoparib 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.436914v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEndometrial cancer (EC) is a major gynecological cancer with increasing incidence. It comprised of four molecular subtypes with differing etiology, prognoses, and response to chemotherapy. In the future, clinical trials testing new single agents or combination therapies will be targeted to the molecular subtype most likely to respond. Pre-clinical models that faithfully represent the molecular subtypes of EC are urgently needed, we sought to develop and characterize a panel of novel EC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.

MethodsHere, we report whole exome or whole genome sequencing of 11 PDX models and the matched primary tumor. Analysis of multiple PDX lineages and passages was performed to study tumor heterogeneity across lineages and/or passages. Based on recent reports of frequent defects in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway in EC, we assessed mutational signatures and HR deficiency scores and correlated these with in vivo responses to the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) talazoparib in six PDXs representing the different molecular subtypes of EC.

ResultsPDX models were successfully generated from all four molecular subtypes of EC and uterine carcinosarcomas, and they recapitulated morphology and the molecular landscape of primary tumors without major genomic drift. We also observed a wide range of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity, well captured by different PDX lineages, which could lead to different treatment responses. An in vivo response to talazoparib was detected in two p53mut models consistent with stable disease, however both lacked the HR deficiency genomic signature.

ConclusionsEC PDX models represent the four molecular subtypes of disease and can capture intra-tumoral heterogeneity of the original primary tumor. PDXs of the p53mut molecular subtype showed sensitivity to PARPi, however, deeper and more durable responses will likely require combination of PARPi with other agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonazzi, V. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondrashova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nones, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengal, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Packer, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koufariotis, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazakoff, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramarao-Milne, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newell, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicklin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patch, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waddell, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollock, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.30.436914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic analysis of patient-derived xenograft models reveals intra-tumor heterogeneity in endometrial cancer and can predict tumor growth inhibition with talazoparib]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenome erosion drives neural crest-like phenotypic mimicry in triple-negative breast cancer and other SOX10+ malignancies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSIntratumoural heterogeneity is a poor prognostic feature in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and other high-grade malignancies. It is caused by genomic instability and phenotypic plasticity, but how these features co-evolve during tumour development remains unclear. SOX10 is a transcription factor, neural crest stem cell (NCSC) specifier and candidate mediator of cancer-associated phenotypic plasticity.

MethodsUsing immunophenotyping, we investigated the expression of SOX10 in normal human breast tissue and breast cancer (n=21 cosmetic breast reduction and 1,860 tumour samples with clinical annotation). We then defined the context and evolution of its expression in TNBC compared to 21 other malignancies using systems-level transcriptomics.

ResultsSOX10 was detected in nuclei of normal mammary luminal progenitor cells, the histogenic origin of most TNBCs. In breast cancer, nuclear SOX10 predicted poor outcome amongst cross-sectional (log-rank p=0.0015, hazard ratio 2.02, n=224) and metaplastic (log-rank p=0.04, n=66) TNBCs. Systems-level transcriptional network analysis identified a core module in SOX10s normal mammary epithelial transcription program that is rewired to NCSC genes in TNBC. Reprogramming was proportional to DNA damage and genome-wide promoter hypomethylation, particularly at CpG island shores. Using a novel network analysis pipeline, we found that NCSC-like transcriptional reprogramming is also strongly associated with promoter hypomethylation in other SOX10+ malignancies: glioma and melanoma.

ConclusionsWe propose that cancer-associated genome hypomethylation simulates the open chromatin landscape of more primitive cell states, and that on this relatively unrestricted background, SOX10 recreates its ancestral gene regulatory circuits by default. These findings provide new insights about the basis of intratumoural heterogeneity and resurrection of developmental phenotypes in cancer; and highlight the potential for therapeutics that limit chromatin remodelling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saunus, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Luca, X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northwood, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghavendra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCart Reed, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutasovic, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalley, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalaw, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalita-de Croft, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gresshoff, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Ejeh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gee, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ormandy, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beesley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenevix-Trench, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakha, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, I. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolau, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakhani, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.30.437624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenome erosion drives neural crest-like phenotypic mimicry in triple-negative breast cancer and other SOX10+ malignancies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.03.438320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The global ocean size-spectrum from bacteria to whales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.03.438320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It has long been hypothesized that aquatic biomass is evenly distributed among logarithmic body mass size-classes. Although this community structure has been observed locally among plankton groups, its generality has never been formally tested across all marine life, nor have its impacts by humans been broadly assessed. Here, we bring together data at the global scale to test the hypothesis from bacteria to whales. We find that biomass within most order of magnitude size-classes is indeed remarkably constant, near 1 Gt wet weight (1015 grams), but that bacteria and whales are markedly above and below this value, respectively. Furthermore, human impacts have significantly truncated the upper one-third of the spectrum. Size-spectrum theory has yet to provide an explanation for what is possibly lifes largest scale regularity.

One Sentence SummaryHuman activities have fundamentally altered one of lifes largest scale patterns; a global power law size distribution spanning bacteria to whales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hatton, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heneghan, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bar-On, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galbraith, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.03.438320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The global ocean size-spectrum from bacteria to whales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.15.439906v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A suite of activity-based probes to dissect the KLK activome in drug-resistant prostate cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.15.439906v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a family of secreted serine proteases, which form a network - the KLK activome - with an important role in proteolysis and signaling. In prostate cancer (PCa), increased KLK activity promotes tumor growth and metastasis through multiple biochemical pathways, and specific quantification and tracking of changes in the KLK activome could contribute to validation of KLKs as potential drug targets. Herein we report a technology platform based on novel activity-based probes (ABPs) and inhibitors with unprecedented potency and selectivity enabling simultaneous orthogonal analysis of KLK2, KLK3 and KLK14 activity in hormone-responsive PCa cell lines and tumor homogenates. Using selective inhibitors and multiplexed fluorescent activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) we dissect the KLK activome in PCa cells and show that increased KLK14 activity leads to a migratory phenotype. Furthermore, using biotinylated ABPs we show that active KLK molecules are secreted into the bone microenvironment by PCa cells following stimulation by osteoblasts suggesting KLK-mediated signaling mechanisms could contribute to PCa metastasis to bone. Together our findings show that ABPP is a powerful approach to dissect dysregulation of the KLK activome as a promising and previously underappreciated therapeutic target in advanced PCa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neodo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelsberger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Vita, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maneiro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bevan, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clements, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tate, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.15.439906</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A suite of activity-based probes to dissect the KLK activome in drug-resistant prostate cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.19.440493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine tuning the mechanism of Antigen 43 self-association to modulate aggregation levels of Escherichia coli pathogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.19.440493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial aggregates and biofilms allow bacteria to colonise a diverse array of surfaces that can ultimately lead to infections, where the protection they afford permits bacteria to resist anti-microbials and host immune factors. Despite these advantages there is a trade-off, whereby bacterial spread is reduced. As such, biofilm development needs to be regulated appropriately to suit the required niche. Here we investigate members from one of largest groups of bacterial adhesins, the autotransporters, for their critical role in the formation of bacterial aggregates and biofilms. We describe the structural and functional characterisation of autotransporter Ag43 homologues from diverse pathogenic Escherichia strains. We reveal a common mode of trans-association that leads to cell clumping and show that subtle variations in these interactions governs their aggregation kinetics. Our in depth investigation reveals an underlying molecular basis for the  tuning of bacterial aggregation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez Ortiz, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitten, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ageorges, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caccia, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desvaux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schembri, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paxman, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heras, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.19.440493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine tuning the mechanism of Antigen 43 self-association to modulate aggregation levels of Escherichia coli pathogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating parameters of a stochastic cell invasion model with fluorescent cell cycle labelling using Approximate Bayesian Computation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We develop a parameter estimation method based on approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) for a stochastic cell invasion model using fluorescent cell cycle labeling with proliferation, migration, and crowding effects. Previously, inference has been performed on a deterministic version of the model fitted to cell density data, and not all the parameters were identifiable. Considering the stochastic model allows us to harness more features of experimental data, including cell trajectories and cell count data, which we show overcomes the parameter identifiability problem. We demonstrate that, whilst difficult to collect, cell trajectory data can provide more information about the parameters of the cell invasion model. To handle the intractability of the likelihood function of the stochastic model, we use an efficient ABC algorithm based on sequential Monte Carlo. Rcpp and MATLAB implementations of the simulation model and ABC algorithm used in this study are available at https://github.com/michaelcarr-stats/FUCCI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carr, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drovandi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.20.440712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating parameters of a stochastic cell invasion model with fluorescent cell cycle labelling using Approximate Bayesian Computation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Premovement inhibition protects motor actions from interference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shortly before movement initiation, the corticospinal system undergoes a transient suppression. This phenomenon has been observed across a range of motor tasks, suggesting that it may be a obligatory component of movement preparation. We probed whether this was also the case when the urgency to perform a motor action was high, in a situation where little time was available to engage in preparatory processes. We controlled the urgency of an impending motor action by increasing or decreasing the foreperiod duration in an anticipatory timing task. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS; experiment one) or a loud acoustic stimulus (LAS; experiment two) were used to examine how corticospinal and subcortical excitability were modulated during motor preparation. Preparatory inhibition of the corticospinal tract was absent when movement urgency was high, though motor actions were initiated on time. In contrast, subcortical circuits were progressively inhibited as the time to prepare increased. Interestingly, movement force and vigour were reduced by both TMS and the LAS when movement urgency was high, and enhanced when movement urgency was low. Our findings indicate that preparatory inhibition may not be a obligatory component of motor preparation. The behavioural effects we observed in the absence of preparatory inhibition were induced by both TMS and the LAS, suggesting that accessory sensory stimulation may disrupt motor output when such stimulation is presented in the absence of preparatory inhibition. We conclude that preparatory inhibition may be an adaptive strategy which can serve to protect the prepared motor action from external interference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McInnes, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipp, O. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresilian, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallence, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marinovic, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Premovement inhibition protects motor actions from interference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engagement of the contralateral limb can enhance the facilitation of motor output by loud acoustic stimuli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When intense sound is presented during light muscle contraction, inhibition of the corticospinal tract is observed. During action preparation, this effect is reversed, with sound resulting in excitation of the corticospinal tract. We investigated how the combined maintenance of a muscle contraction during preparation for a ballistic action impacts the magnitude of the facilitation of motor output by a loud acoustic stimulus (LAS) - a phenomenon known as the StartReact effect. Participants executed ballistic wrist flexion movements and a LAS was presented simultaneously with the imperative signal in a subset of trials. We examined whether the force level or muscle used to maintain a contraction during preparation for the ballistic response impacted reaction time and/or the force of movements triggered by the LAS. These contractions were sustained either ipsilaterally or contralaterally to the ballistic response. The magnitude of facilitation by the LAS was greatest when low force flexion contractions were maintained in the limb contralateral to the ballistic response during preparation. There was little change in facilitation when contractions recruited the contralateral extensor muscle, or when they were sustained in the same limb that executed the ballistic response. We conclude that a larger network of neurons which may be engaged by a contralateral sustained contraction prior to initiation may be recruited by the LAS, further contributing to the motor output of the response. These findings may be particularly applicable in stroke rehabilitation where engagement of the contralesional side may increase the benefits of a LAS to the functional recovery of movement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McInnes, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipp, O. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marinovic, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engagement of the contralateral limb can enhance the facilitation of motor output by loud acoustic stimuli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using 3D geometric morphometrics to aid taxonomic and ecological understanding of a recent speciation event within a small Australian marsupial (genus Antechinus) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Taxonomic distinction of species forms the foundation of biodiversity assessments and conservation priorities. However, traditional morphological and/or genetics-based taxonomic assessments frequently miss the opportunity of elaborating on the ecological and functional context of species diversification. Here, we used 3D geometric morphometrics of the cranium to improve taxonomic differentiation and add eco-morphological characterisation of a young cryptic divergence within the marsupial carnivorous genus Antechinus. Specifically, we used 168 museum specimens to characterise the recently proposed clades A. stuartii "south", A. stuartii "north" and A. subtropicus. Beyond slight differences attributable to overall size (and therefore not necessarily diagnostic), we also found clear allometry-independent shape variation. This allowed us to define new, easily measured diagnostic traits in the palate, which differentiate the three clades. Contrary to previous suggestions, we found no support for a latitudinal gradient as causing the differentiation between the clades. However, skull shape co-varied with temperature and precipitation seasonality, suggesting that the clades may be adapted to environmental variables that are likely to be impacted by climate change. Our study demonstrates the use of 3D geometric morphometrics to improve taxonomic diagnosis of cryptic mammalian species, while providing perspectives on the adaptive origins and potential future threats of mammalian diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Viacava, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blomberg, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisbecker, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.28.441717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using 3D geometric morphometrics to aid taxonomic and ecological understanding of a recent speciation event within a small Australian marsupial (genus Antechinus)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Axons-on-a-Chip for Mimicking Non-Disruptive Diffuse Axonal Injury underlying Traumatic Brain Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is the most severe pathological feature of traumatic brain injury. However, how primary axonal injury is induced by mechanical stress and whether it could be mitigated remain unknown, largely due to the resolution limits of medical imaging approaches. Here we established an Axon-on-a-Chip (AoC) model for mimicking DAI and investigating its early cellular responses. By integrating computational fluid dynamics and microfluidic techniques, DAI was observed for the first time during mechanical stress, and a clear correlation between stress intensity and severity of DAI was elucidated. This AoC was further used to investigate the dynamic intracellular changes occurring simultaneously with stress, and identified delayed local Ca2+ surges escorted rapid disruption of periodic axonal cytoskeleton during the early stage of DAI. Compatible with high-resolution live-microscopy, this model hereby provides a versatile system to identify early mechanisms underlying DAI, offering a platform for screening effective treatments to alleviate brain injuries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagoski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durisic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Axons-on-a-Chip for Mimicking Non-Disruptive Diffuse Axonal Injury underlying Traumatic Brain Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High Dimensionality Reduction by Matrix Factorization for Systems Pharmacology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extraction of predictive features from the complex high-dimensional multi-omic data is necessary for decoding and overcoming the therapeutic responses in systems pharmacology. Developing computational methods to reduce high-dimensional space of features in in vitro, in vivo and clinical data is essential to discover the evolution and mechanisms of the drug responses and drug resistance. In this paper, we have utilized the Matrix Factorization (MF) as a modality for high dimensionality reduction in systems pharmacology. In this respect, we have proposed three novel feature selection methods using the mathematical conception of a basis for features. We have applied these techniques as well as three other matrix factorization methods to analyze eight different gene expression datasets to investigate and compare their performance for feature selection. Our results show that these methods are capable of reducing the feature spaces and find predictive features in terms of phenotype determination. The three proposed techniques outperform the other methods used and can extract a 2-gene signature predictive of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) treatment response in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE).

Key PointsO_LIMatrix Factorization (MF) is a useful framework for high dimensionality reduction in systems pharmacology.
C_LIO_LINovel feature selection methods using the incorporation of the mathematical conception of a basis for features into MF increases the performance of feature selection process.
C_LIO_LIFeature selection based on the basis-concept in MF can provide predictive gene signatures for therapeutic responses in systems pharmacology.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mehrpooya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saberi-Movahed, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azizizadeh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezaei-Ravari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eftekhari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavassoly, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.30.446301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High Dimensionality Reduction by Matrix Factorization for Systems Pharmacology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.447054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Desiccation-driven senescence and its repression in Xerophyta schlechteri are regulated at extremely low water contents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.447054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIVegetative desiccation tolerance, the ability to survive loss of over 90% of cellular water, is an extremely rare trait in Angiosperms. Xerophyta schlechteri survives such extreme water deficit by entering prolonged quiescence and suppressing drought-induced senescence in most of the leaf area, except the apical tip. Information on the molecular regulation of senescence in such plants is scarce and this is the first study to investigate such regulation in senescing and non-senescing tissues of the same leaf.
C_LIO_LIGenome-wide RNA sequencing enabled comparison of senescent and non-senescent tissues during desiccation and early rehydration, establishment of the water content range in which senescence is initiated and identification of molecular mechanisms employed to bring about cellular death.
C_LIO_LISenescence-associated genes (XsSAG) specific to this species were identified and two potential regulatory sites were enriched in regions upstream to these XsSAGs, allowing us to create a model of senescence regulation in X. schlechteri based on homology with known Arabidopsis senescence regulators.
C_LIO_LIWe hypothesise that desiccation-driven senescence occurs as a result of a convergence of signals around MAPK6 to trigger WRKY-mediated ethylene synthesis and XsSAG expression, not unlike aging and stress-related senescence in Arabidopsis, but at remarkably lower water contents (<35% RWC).
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Radermacher, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iranzadeh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dace, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mundree, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilhorst, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrant, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.04.447054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Desiccation-driven senescence and its repression in Xerophyta schlechteri are regulated at extremely low water contents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parameter identifiability and model selection for sigmoid population growth models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sigmoid growth models, such as the logistic, Gompertz and Richards models, are widely used to study population dynamics ranging from microscopic populations of cancer cells, to continental-scale human populations. Fundamental questions about model selection and parameter estimation are critical if these models are to be used to make practical inferences. However, the question of parameter identifiability - whether a data set contains sufficient information to give unique or sufficiently precise parameter estimates - is often overlooked. We use a profile-likelihood approach to explore practical parameter identifiability using data describing the re-growth of hard coral. With this approach, we explore the relationship between parameter identifiability and model misspecification, finding that the logistic growth model does not suffer identifiability issues for the type of data we consider whereas the Gompertz and Richards models encounter practical non-identifiability issues. This analysis of parameter identifiability and model selection is important because different growth models are used within areas of the biological modelling literature without necessarily considering whether parameters are identifiable, or checking statistical assumptions underlying model adequacy. Standard practices that do not consider parameter identifiability can lead to unreliable or imprecise parameter estimates and potentially misleading mechanistic interpretations. While tools developed here focus on three standard sigmoid growth models only, our theoretical developments are applicable to any sigmoid growth model and any relevant data set. MATLAB implementations of all software are available on GitHub.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warne, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maclaren, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.22.449499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parameter identifiability and model selection for sigmoid population growth models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449552v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
INTRINSIC MOTOR NEURONE EXCITABILITY IS REDUCED IN SOLEUS AND TIBIALIS ANTERIOR OF OLDER ADULTS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449552v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-related deterioration within both motor neurones and monoaminergic systems should theoretically reduce neuromodulation by weakening motor neuronal persistent inward current (PIC) amplitude. However, this assumption remains untested. Surface electromyographic signals were collected using two 32-channel electrode matrices placed on soleus and tibialis anterior of 25 older adults (70{+/-}4years) and 17 young adults (29{+/-}5 years) to investigate motor unit discharge behaviours. Participants performed triangular-shaped plantar and dorsiflexion contractions to 20% of maximum torque at a rise-decline rate of 2%/s of each participants maximal torque. Pairwise and composite paired-motor unit analyses were adopted to calculate delta frequency ({Delta}F), which has been used to differentiate between the effects of synaptic excitation and intrinsic motor neuronal properties and is assumed to be proportional to PIC amplitude. Soleus and tibialis anterior motor units in older adults had lower {Delta}Fs calculated with either the pairwise [-0.99 and -1.46 pps; -35.4 and - 33.5%, respectively] or composite (-1.18 and -2.28 pps; -32.1 and -45.2%, respectively) methods. Their motor units also had lower peak discharge rates (-2.14 and -2.03 pps; -19.7 and -13.9%, respectively) and recruitment thresholds (-1.50 and -2.06% of maximum, respectively) than young adults. These results demonstrate reduced intrinsic motor neurone excitability during low-force contractions in older adults, likely mediated by decreases in the amplitude of persistent inward currents. Our findings might be explained by deterioration in the motor neurones or monoaminergic systems and could contribute to the decline in motor function during ageing; these assumptions should be explicitly tested in future investigations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orssatto, L. B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borg, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blazevich, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakugawa, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shield, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajano, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.23.449552</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[INTRINSIC MOTOR NEURONE EXCITABILITY IS REDUCED IN SOLEUS AND TIBIALIS ANTERIOR OF OLDER ADULTS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.27.450110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modified defence peptides from horseshoe crab target and kill bacteria inside host cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.27.450110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria that occupy an intracellular niche can evade extracellular host immune responses and antimicrobial molecules. In addition to classic intracellular pathogens, other bacteria including uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) can adopt both extracellular and intracellular lifestyles. UPEC intracellular survival and replication complicates treatment, as many therapeutic molecules do not effectively reach all components of the infection cycle. In this study, we explored cell penetrating antimicrobial peptides from distinct structural classes as alternative molecules for targeting bacteria. We identified two {beta}-hairpin peptides from the horseshoe crab, tachyplesin I and polyphemusin I, with broad antimicrobial activity toward a panel of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in planktonic form. Peptide analogues [I11A]tachyplesin I and [I11S]tachyplesin I maintained activity toward bacteria, but were less toxic to mammalian cells than native tachyplesin I. This important increase in therapeutic window allowed treatment with higher concentrations of [I11A]tachyplesin I and [I11S]tachyplesin I, to significantly reduce intramacrophage survival of UPEC in an in vitro infection model. Mechanistic studies using bacterial cells, model membranes and cell membrane extracts, suggest that tachyplesin I and polyphemusin I peptides kill UPEC by selectively binding and disrupting bacterial cell membranes. Moreover, treatment of UPEC with sublethal peptide concentrations increased zinc toxicity and enhanced innate macrophage antimicrobial pathways. In summary, our combined data show that cell penetrating peptides are attractive alternatives to traditional small molecule antibiotics for treating UPEC infection, and that optimization of native peptide sequences can deliver effective antimicrobials for targeting bacteria in extracellular and intracellular environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amiss, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Pein, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Condon, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, M.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schembri, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currie, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweet, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craik, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapetanovic, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriques, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.27.450110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modified defence peptides from horseshoe crab target and kill bacteria inside host cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative analysis of tumour spheroid structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumour spheroids are common in vitro experimental models of avascular tumour growth. Compared with traditional two-dimensional culture, tumour spheroids more closely mimic the avascular tumour microenvironment where spatial differences in nutrient availability strongly influence growth. We show that spheroids initiated using significantly different numbers of cells grow to similar limiting sizes, suggesting that avascular tumours have a limiting structure; in agreement with untested predictions of classical mathematical models of tumour spheroids. We develop a novel mathematical and statistical framework to study the structure of tumour spheroids seeded from cells transduced with fluorescent cell cycle indicators, enabling us to discriminate between arrested and cycling cells and identify an arrested region. Our analysis shows that transient spheroid structure is independent of initial spheroid size, and the limiting structure can be independent of seeding density. Standard experimental protocols compare spheroid size as a function of time; however, our analysis suggests that comparing spheroid structure as a function of overall size produces results that are relatively insensitive to variability in spheroid size. Our experimental observations are made using two melanoma cell lines, but our modelling framework applies across a wide range of spheroid culture conditions and cell lines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharp, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.05.455334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative analysis of tumour spheroid structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.456784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systemic host inflammation induces stage-specific transcriptomic modification and slower maturation in malaria parasites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.456784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maturation rate of malaria parasites within red blood cells (RBC) can be influenced by host nutrient status or circadian rhythm. Here, we observed in mice that systemic host inflammation, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) conditioning or ongoing acute malaria infection, slowed the progression of a single cohort of parasites from one generation of RBC to the next. LPS-conditioning and acute infection both triggered substantial changes to the metabolomic composition of plasma in which parasites circulated. This altered plasma directly slowed parasite maturation in a manner that could not be rescued by supplementation, consistent with the presence of inhibitory factors. Single-cell transcriptomic assessment of mixed parasite populations, exposed to a short period of systemic host inflammation in vivo, revealed specific impairment in the transcriptional activity and translational capacity of trophozoites compared to rings or schizonts. Thus, we provide in vivo evidence of transcriptomic and phenotypic plasticity of asexual blood-stage Plasmodium parasites when exposed to systemic host inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lansink, L. I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soon, M. S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SheelaNair, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pernold, C. P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laohamonthonkul, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoll, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talman, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, A. J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawniczak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davenport, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoury, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.18.456784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systemic host inflammation induces stage-specific transcriptomic modification and slower maturation in malaria parasites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.456910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Designing and interpreting 4D tumour spheroid experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.18.456910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumour spheroid experiments are routinely used to study cancer progression and treatment. Various and inconsistent experimental designs are used, leading to challenges in interpretation and reproducibility. Using multiple experimental designs, live-dead cell staining, and real-time cell cycle imaging, we measure necrotic and proliferation-inhibited regions in over 1000 4D tumour spheroids (3D space plus cell cycle status). By intentionally varying the initial spheroid size and temporal sampling frequencies across multiple cell lines, we collect an abundance of measurements of internal spheroid structure. These data are difficult to compare and interpret. However, using an objective mathematical modelling framework and statistical identifiability analysis we quantitatively compare experimental designs and identify design choices that produce reliable biological insight. Measurements of internal spheroid structure provide the most insight, whereas varying initial spheroid size and temporal measurement frequency is less important. Our general framework applies to spheroids grown in different conditions and with different cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.18.456910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Designing and interpreting 4D tumour spheroid experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bio-hybrid Soft Robotic Bioreactors for Mimicking Multi-Axial Femoropopliteal Artery Mechanobiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emerging field of soft robotics aims to emulate dynamic physiological locomotion. Soft robotics mimicry of naturally complex biomechanics makes them ideal platforms for exerting mechanical stimuli for patient-specific tissue maturation and disease modeling applications. Such platforms are essential for emulating highly flexible tissues such as the kneecaps femoropopliteal artery (FPA), one of the most flexible arteries in the body, which flexes and bends during walking, standing, and crouching movements. The FPA is a frequent site of disease, where 80% of all peripheral artery diseases manifest, affecting over 200 million people worldwide. The complex biomechanical and hemodynamic forces within the FPA have been implicated in the frequent occurrence of PAD and lead to debilitating morbidities, such as limb-threatening ischemia. To better mimic these complex biomechanics, we developed an in-vitro bio-hybrid soft robot (BSR). First, Platsil OO-20 was identified as an ideal hyperelastomer for both cell culture and BSR fabrication using 3D printed molds. Then, employing a simulation-based design workflow, we integrated pneumatic network (PneuNet) actuators cast with Platsil OO-20, which extend in angular, longitudinal, and radial dimensions. Pressurizing the BSR PneuNets enabled a range of mechanical stimuli to be dynamically applied during tissue culture to mimic normal and diseased FPA flexions during daily walking and sitting poses, the most extreme being radial distensions of 20% and angular flexions of 140{degrees}. Finally, these designed, manufactured, and programmed vascular BSRs were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned for 24 hours to highlight the effect of dynamic conditioning on cultured cell alignment, as well as type IV collagen production and the upregulation of smooth muscle phenotypes. Soft robotic bioreactor platforms that accurately mimic patient-, disease-, and lifestyle-specific mechanobiology will develop fundamental disease understanding, preoperative laboratory simulations for existing therapeutics, and biomanufacturing platforms for tissue-engineered implants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks-Richards, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allenby, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.24.461639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bio-hybrid Soft Robotic Bioreactors for Mimicking Multi-Axial Femoropopliteal Artery Mechanobiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.26.461886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Different plasticity of bud outgrowth at cauline and rosette nodes in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.26.461886v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shoot branching is a complex mechanism in which secondary shoots grow from buds that are initiated from meristems established in leaf axils. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has a rosette leaf growth pattern in the vegetative stage. After flowering initiation, the main stem starts to elongate with the top leaf primordia developing into cauline leaves. Meristems in arabidopsis are initiated in the axils of rosette or cauline leaves, giving rise to rosette or cauline buds, respectively. Plasticity in the process of shoot branching is regulated by resource and nutrient availability as well as by plant hormones. However, few studies have attempted to test whether cauline and rosette branching are subject to the same plasticity. Here, we addressed this question by phenotyping cauline and rosette branching in three arabidopsis ecotypes and several arabidopsis mutants with varied shoot architectures. Our results show that there is no negative correlation between cauline and rosette branch numbers in arabidopsis, demonstrating that there is no trade-off between cauline and rosette bud outgrowth. Through investigation of the altered branching pattern of flowering pathway mutants and arabidopsis ecotypes grown in various photoperiods and light regimes, we further elucidated that the number of cauline branches is closely related to flowering time. The number or rosette branches has an enormous plasticity compared with cauline branches and is influenced by genetic background, flowering time, light intensity and temperature. Our data reveal different plasticity in the regulation of branching at rosette and cauline nodes and promote a framework for future branching analyses.

One sentence summaryDifferent plasticity of branching at cauline and rosette nodes of arabidopsis is revealed through detailed correlative analyses of branching under varied genetic and environmental contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fichtner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbier, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cubas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turnbull, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beveridge, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.26.461886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Different plasticity of bud outgrowth at cauline and rosette nodes in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomimetic Vasculatures by 3D-Printed Porous Molds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anatomically and biologically relevant vascular models are critical to progress our understanding of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that can lead to effective therapies. Despite advances in 3D bioprinting, recapitulating complex architectures (i.e., freestanding, branching, multilayered, perfusable) of a cell-laden vascular construct remains technically challenging, and the development of new techniques that can recapitulate both anatomical and biological features of blood vessels is of paramount importance. In this work, we introduce a unique, microfluidics-enabled molding technique that allows us to fabricate anatomically-relevant, cell-laden hydrogel vascular models. Our approach employed 3D-printed porous molds of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as templates to cast alginate-containing bioinks. Due to the porous and aqueous nature of the PEGDA mold, the calcium ion (Ca2+) was diffusively released to crosslink the bioinks to create hollow structures. Applying this technique, multiscale, multilayered vascular constructs that were freestanding and perfusable were readily fabricated using cell-compatible bioinks (i.e., alginate and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)). The bioinks were also readily customizable to either improve the compatibility with specific vascular cells or tune the mechanical modulus to mimic native blood vessels. Importantly, we successfully integrated smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in a biomimetic organization within our vessel constructs and demonstrated a significant increase in monocyte adhesion upon stimulation with an inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-). We also demonstrated that the fabricated vessels were amenable for testing percutaneous coronary interventions (i.e., drug-eluting balloons and stents) under physiologically-relevant mechanical states, such as vessel stretching and bending. Overall, we introduce a versatile fabrication technique with multi-faceted possibilities of generating biomimetic vascular models that can benefit future research in mechanistic understanding of CVD progression and the development of therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ching, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>vasudevan, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toh, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashimoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.461981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomimetic Vasculatures by 3D-Printed Porous Molds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.462982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An extremes of phenotype approach confirms significant genetic heterogeneity in patients with ulcerative colitis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.462982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease with increasing global incidence. There is significant phenotypic heterogeneity defined by a range of clinical variables including age of onset and disease extent. Clinical outcomes range from long-term remission on minimal therapy to surgical resection. Close to 70% of UC risk can be attributed to genetics and understanding the genetic mechanisms contributing to this risk and disease heterogeneity is vital for understanding disease pathogenesis and improving patient outcomes through targeted screening and therapies. This study aims to characterise the genetic heterogeneity of UC by identifying genomic risk variants specific to mild and/or severe forms of UC, exploring variations in the effect size of known risk variants and assessing the clinical value of a genetic risk score (GRS). We conducted genome-wide association (GWA) analyses in 287 patients with mild UC, 311 patients with severe UC and 583 age- and gender-matched controls. Odds ratios (OR) for mild vs control, severe vs control and combined mild and severe UC vs control were calculated. Using the combined UC data, two independent loci in the HLA region reached genome-wide significance. An additional genome-wide significant signal on chromosome 1 was identified in severe cases only. OR for known risk loci varied between mild and severe patients and were similar to previously published results. Effect estimates from the most recent UC GWA meta-analysis were used to calculate a GRS for each individual. A higher mean GRS was observed in both mild and severe UC cases compared to controls however, there was no difference between the mean GRS for mild and severe UC. Heterogeneity in effect sizes of UC associated variants between mild and severe disease burden suggests the presence of genetically distinct signatures. While large consortium data are needed to identify genome-wide significant variants, additional risk loci may be identified by targeted recruitment of individuals with a history of severe disease.

Author SummaryUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and often debilitating form of inflammatory bowel disease affecting approximately 0.3% of the population in industrialized economies. The disease displays significant clinical heterogeneity including age at presentation, disease severity, and the propensity to develop disease-related complications. Several previous studies have demonstrated the heritability of UC, identifying over 30 loci specific to the disease. The majority of these loci have small to modest effect sizes other than those within the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) region on chromosome 6. Using stringent clinical criteria for defining mild and severe forms of UC in an extremes of phenotype approach, we undertook a genome wide association study in a dataset of 1222 participants to investigate genetic heterogeneity in this disease. We demonstrated substantial differences in genetic associations in severe UC as compared to mild UC. While over 2,000 SNPs achieved genome-wide significance in the severe UC analysis, none reached significance for mild UC. These results were reflected in significant differences in odds ratios. We identified Complement Factor B (CFB) as a potential susceptibility gene for severe UC in the Caucasian population with additional tissue gene expression demonstrating a positive correlation with disease severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Radford-Smith, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortlock, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lord, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zakrzewski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simms, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnaprasad, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanigan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doecke, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrance, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bampton, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparrow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gearry, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.04.462982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An extremes of phenotype approach confirms significant genetic heterogeneity in patients with ulcerative colitis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EEG-based clusters differentiate psychological distress, sleep quality and cognitive function in adolescents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1IntroductionTo better understand the relationships between brain activity, cognitive function and mental health risk in adolescence there is value in identifying data-driven subgroups based on measurements of brain activity and function, and then comparing cognition and mental health symptoms between such subgroups.

MethodsHere we implement a multi-stage analysis pipeline to identify data-driven clusters of 12-year-olds (M = 12.64, SD = 0.32) based on frequency characteristics calculated from resting state, eyes-closed electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. EEG data was collected from 59 individuals as part of their baseline assessment in the Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study (LABS) being undertaken in Queensland, Australia. Applying multiple unsupervised clustering algorithms to these EEG features, we identified well-separated subgroups of individuals. To study patterns of difference in cognitive function and mental health symptoms between core clusters, we applied Bayesian regression models to probabilistically identify differences in these measures between clusters.

ResultsWe identified 5 core clusters which were associated with distinct subtypes of resting state EEG frequency content. EEG features that were influential in differentiating clusters included Individual Alpha Frequency, relative power in 4 Hz bands up to 16 Hz, and 95% Spectral Edge Frequency. Bayesian models demonstrated substantial differences in psychological distress, sleep quality and cognitive function between these clusters. By examining associations between neurophysiology and health measures across clusters, we have identified preliminary risk and protective profiles linked to EEG characteristics.

ConclusionIn this work we have developed a flexible and scaleable pipeline to identify subgroups of individuals in early adolescence on the basis of resting state EEG activity. These findings provide new clues about neurophysiological subgroups of adolescents in the general population, and associated patterns of health and cognition that are not observed at the whole group level. This approach offers potential utility in clinical risk prediction for mental and cognitive health outcomes throughout adolescent development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Forbes, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwenn, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P. P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos-Fernandez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagopoulos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLoughlin, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sacks, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengersen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermens, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.14.464347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EEG-based clusters differentiate psychological distress, sleep quality and cognitive function in adolescents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isomeric lipid signatures reveal compartmentalised fatty acid metabolism in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1.0Cellular energy and biomass demands of cancer drive a complex dynamic between uptake of extracellular fatty acids (FA) and de novo synthesis. Given that oxidation of de novo synthesised FAs for energy would result in net-energy loss, there is an implication that FAs from these two sources must have distinct metabolic fates - however hitherto FAs were considered part of a common pool. To probe FA metabolic partitioning, cancer cells were supplemented with stable-isotope labelled FAs. Structural analysis of the resulting glycerophospholipids revealed that labelled FAs from uptake were largely incorporated to canonical (sn-)positions on the glycerol backbone. Surprisingly, labelled FA uptake disrupted canonical isomer patterns of the unlabelled lipidome and induced repartitioning of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated-FAs into glycerophospholipid classes. These structural changes evidence differences in the metabolic fate of FAs derived from uptake or de novo sources and demonstrate unique signalling and remodelling behaviours usually hidden to conventional lipidomics.

HighlightsO_LILipid isomers reveal discrete metabolic compartmentalisation in cancer
C_LIO_LIFAs derived from uptake and de novo synthesis have different metabolic fates
C_LIO_LIStearate uptake signals for PUFA (n-3 and n-6) repartitioning between lipid classes
C_LIO_LIsn-positional isomers are a marker for aberrant lipid metabolism
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Young, R. S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tousignant, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poad, B. L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunter, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philp, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heeren, R. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadowski, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanksby, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.01.466716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isomeric lipid signatures reveal compartmentalised fatty acid metabolism in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prioritising the eradication of invasive species from island archipelagos with high reinvasion risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eradicating invasive species from islands is a proven method for safeguarding threatened and endangered species from extinction. Island eradications can deliver lasting benefits, but require large up-front expenditure of limited conservation resources. The choice of islands must therefore be prioritised. Numerous tools have been developed to prioritise island eradications, but none fully account for the risk of those eradicated species later returning to the island: reinvasion. In this paper, we develop a prioritisation method for island eradications that accounts for the complexity of the reinvasion process. By merging spatially-explicit metapopulation modelling with stochastic dynamic optimisation techniques, we construct a decision-support tool that optimises conservation outcomes in the presence of reinvasion risk. We applied this tool to two different case studies - rat (Rattus rattus) invasions in the Seaforth archipelago in New Zealand, and cane toad (Rhinella marina) invasions in the Dampier archipelago in Australia - to illustrate how state-dependent optimal policies can maximise expected conservation gains. In both case studies, incorporating reinvasion risk dramatically altered the optimal order of island eradications, and improved the potential conservation benefits. The increase in benefits was larger in Dampier than Seaforth (42% improvement versus 6%), as a consequence of both the characteristics of the invasive species, and the arrangement of the islands. Our results illustrate the potential consequences of ignoring reinvasion risk, and demonstrate that including reinvasion in eradication prioritisation can dramatically improve conservation outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.04.467372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prioritising the eradication of invasive species from island archipelagos with high reinvasion risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.16.468738v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Thin-Film Lubrication Model for Biofilm Expansion Under Strong Adhesion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.16.468738v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding microbial biofilm growth is important to public health, because biofilms are a leading cause of persistent clinical infections. In this paper, we develop a thin-film model for microbial biofilm growth on a solid substratum to which it adheres strongly. We model biofilms as two-phase viscous fluid mixtures of living cells and extracellular fluid. The model tracks the movement, depletion, and uptake of nutrients explicitly, and incorporates cell proliferation via a nutrient-dependent source term. Notably, our thin-film reduction is two-dimensional and includes the vertical dependence of cell volume fraction. Numerical solutions show that this vertical dependence is weak for biologically-feasible parameters, reinforcing results from previous models in which this dependence was neglected. We exploit this weak dependence by writing and solving a simplified one-dimensional model that is computationally more efficient than the full model. We use both the one and two-dimensional models to predict how model parameters affect expansion speed and biofilm thickness. This analysis reveals that expansion speed depends on cell proliferation, nutrient availability, cell-cell adhesion on the upper surface, and slip on the biofilm-substratum interface. Our numerical solutions provide a means to qualitatively distinguish between the extensional flow and lubrication regimes, and quantitative predictions that can be tested in future experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tam, A. K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, J. E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasuriya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binder, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.16.468738</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Thin-Film Lubrication Model for Biofilm Expansion Under Strong Adhesion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.16.468747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Marker-free characterization of single live circulating tumor cell full-length transcriptomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.16.468747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The identification and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important for gaining insights into the biology of metastatic cancers, monitoring disease progression, and medical management of the disease. The limiting factor that hinders enrichment of purified CTC populations is their sparse availability, heterogeneity, and altered phenotypic traits relative to the tumor of origin. Intensive research both at the technical and molecular fronts led to the development of assays that ease CTC detection and identification from the peripheral blood. Most CTC detection methods use a mix of size selection, immune marker based white blood cells (WBC) depletion, and positive enrichment antibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens. However, the majority of these methods either miss out on atypical CTCs or suffer from WBC contamination. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) of CTCs provides a wealth of information about their tumors of origin as well as their fate and is a potent method of enabling unbiased identification of CTCs. We present unCTC, an R package for unbiased identification and characterization of CTCs from single-cell transcriptomic data. unCTC features many standard and novel computational and statistical modules for various analysis tasks. These include a novel method of scRNA-Seq clustering, named Deep Dictionary Learning using K-means clustering cost (DDLK), expression based copy number variation (CNV) inference, and combinatorial, marker-based verification of the malignant phenotypes. DDLK enables robust segregation of CTCs and WBCs in the pathway space, as opposed to the gene expression space. We validated the utility of unCTC on scRNA-Seq profiles of breast CTCs from six patients, captured and profiled using an integrated ClearCell(R) FX and PolarisTM workflow that works by the principles of size-based separation of CTCs and marker based WBC depletion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poonia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chawla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yap, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagat, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juhi Tayal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahuja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramalingam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.16.468747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Marker-free characterization of single live circulating tumor cell full-length transcriptomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.17.468905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene expression based inference of drug resistance in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.17.468905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inter and intra-tumoral heterogeneity are major stumbling blocks in the treatment of cancer and are responsible for imparting differential drug responses in cancer patients. Recently, the availability of large-scale drug screening datasets has provided an opportunity for predicting appropriate patient-tailored therapies by employing machine learning approaches. In this study, we report a predictive modeling approach to infer treatment response in cancers using gene expression data. In particular, we demonstrate the benefits of considering integrated chemogenomics approach, utilizing the molecular drug descriptors and pathway activity information as opposed to gene expression levels. We performed extensive validation of our approach on tissue-derived single-cell and bulk expression data. Further, we constructed several prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts, exposed to differential treatment conditions to assess the predictability of the outcomes. Our approach was further assessed on pan-cancer RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) archives, as well as an independent clinical trial study describing the treatment journey of three melanoma patients. To summarise, we benchmarked the proposed approach on cancer RNA-seq data, obtained from cell lines, xenografts, as well as humans. We concluded that pathway-activity patterns in cancer cells are reasonably indicative of drug resistance, and therefore can be leveraged in personalized treatment recommendations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chawla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockstroh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rather, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poonia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayadeva, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahuja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollier, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.17.468905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene expression based inference of drug resistance in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intact double stranded RNA is mobile and triggers RNAi against viral and fungal plant pathogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Topical application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as RNA interference(RNAi) based biopesticides represents a sustainable alternative to traditional transgenic, breeding-based or chemical crop protection strategies. A key feature of RNAi is its ability to act non-cell autonomously, a process that plays a critical role in plant protection. However, the uptake of dsRNA upon topical application, and its ability to move and act non-cell autonomously remains debated and largely unexplored. Here we show that when applied to a leaf, unprocessed full-length dsRNA enters the vasculature and rapidly moves to multiple distal below ground, vegetative and reproductive tissue types in several model plant and crop hosts. Intact unprocessed dsRNA was detected in the apoplast of leaves, roots and flowers after leaf application and maintained in subsequent new growth. Furthermore, we show mobile dsRNA is functional against root infecting fungal and foliar viral pathogens. Our demonstration of the uptake and maintained movement of intact and functional dsRNA stands to add significant benefit to the emerging field of RNAi-based plant protection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brosnan, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felippes, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterhouse, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitter, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intact double stranded RNA is mobile and triggers RNAi against viral and fungal plant pathogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying cell-to-cell variability in internalisation using flow cytometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469957v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological heterogeneity is a primary contributor to the variation observed in experiments that probe dynamical processes, such as internalisation. Given that internalisation is a critical process by which many therapeutics and viruses reach their intracellular site of action, quantifying cell-to-cell variability in internalisation is of high biological interest. Yet, it is common for studies of internalisation to neglect cell-to-cell variability. We develop a simple mathematical model of internalisation that captures the dynamical behaviour, cell-to-cell variation, and extrinsic noise introduced by flow cytometry. We calibrate our model through a novel distribution-matching approximate Bayesian computation algorithm to flow cytometry data of internalisation of anti-transferrin receptor antibody in a human B-cell lymphoblastoid cell line. Our model reproduces experimental observations, identifies cell-to-cell variability in the internalisation and recycling rates, and, importantly, provides information relating to inferential uncertainty. Given that our approach is agnostic to sample size and signal-to-noise ratio, our modelling framework is broadly applicable to identify biological variability in single-cell data from internalisation assays and similar experiments that probe cellular dynamical processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansari, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drovandi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying cell-to-cell variability in internalisation using flow cytometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A stochastic mathematical model of 4D tumour spheroids with real-time fluorescent cell cycle labelling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470300v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vitro tumour spheroid experiments have been used to study avascular tumour growth and drug design for the last 50 years. Unlike simpler two-dimensional cell cultures, tumour spheroids exhibit heterogeneity within the growing population of cells that is thought to be related to spatial and temporal differences in nutrient availability. The recent development of real-time fluorescent cell cycle imaging allows us to identify the position and cell cycle status of individual cells within the growing population, giving rise to the notion of a four-dimensional (4D) tumour spheroid. In this work we develop the first stochastic individual-based model (IBM) of a 4D tumour spheroid and show that IBM simulation data qualitatively and quantitatively compare very well with experimental data from a suite of 4D tumour spheroid experiments performed with a primary human melanoma cell line. The IBM provides quantitative information about nutrient availability within the spheroid, which is important because it is very difficult to measure these data in standard tumour spheroid experiments. Software required to implement the IBM is available on GitHub, https://github.com/ProfMJSimpson/4DFUCCI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klowss, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plank, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.28.470300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A stochastic mathematical model of 4D tumour spheroids with real-time fluorescent cell cycle labelling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.470994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ImaGene: A web-based software platform for tumor radiogenomic evaluation and reporting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.470994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The field of radiomics has undergone several advancements in approaches to uncovering hidden quantitative features from tumor imaging data for use in guiding clinical decision-making for cancer patients. Radiographic imaging techniques provide insight into the imaging features of tumor regions of interest (ROIs), while immunohistochemistry and sequencing techniques performed on biopsy samples yield omics data. Potential associations between tumor genotype and phenotype can be identified from imaging and omics data via traditional correlation analysis, as well as through artificial intelligence (AI) models. However, at present the radiogenomics community lacks a unified software platform for which to conduct such analyses in a reproducible manner.

To address this gap, we propose ImaGene, a web-based platform that takes tumor omics and imaging data sets as input, performs correlation analysis between them, and constructs AI models (optionally using only those features found to exhibit statistically significant correlation with some element of the opposing dataset). ImaGene has several modifiable configuration parameters, providing users complete control over their analysis. For each run, ImaGene produces a comprehensive report displaying a number of intuitive model diagnostics.

To demonstrate the utility of ImaGene, exploratory studies surrounding Invasive Breast Carcinoma (IBC) and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) on datasets acquired from public databases are conducted. Potential associations are identified between several imaging features and 6 genes: CRABP1, SMTNL2, FABP1, HAS1, FAM163A and DSG1 for IBC, and 4 genes: CEACAM6, NANOG, ACSM2B, and UPK2 for HNSCC.

In summary, the software provides researchers with a transparent tool for which to begin radiogenomic analysis and explore possible further directions in their research. We anticipate that ImaGene will become the standard platform for tumor analyses in the field of radiogenomics due to its ease of use, flexibility, and reproducibility, and that it can serve as an enabling centrepoint for an emerging radiogenomic knowledge base.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sukhadia, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyagi, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatraman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>P, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Divate, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gevaert, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagaraj, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.02.470994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ImaGene: A web-based software platform for tumor radiogenomic evaluation and reporting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bridging functional annotation gaps in non-model plant genes with AlphaFold, DeepFRI and small molecule docking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundFunctional annotation assigns descriptive biological meaning to genetic sequences. Limited availability of manually curated or experimentally validated plant genes from a diverse range of taxa poses a significant challenge for functional annotation in non-model organisms. Accurate computational approaches are required. We argue that recent breakthroughs in deep learning have the potential to not only narrow the functional annotation gap between non-model and model plant organisms, but also annotate and reveal novel functions even for genes with no homologs in public databases.

ResultsDeep learning models were applied to functionally annotate a set of previously published differentially expressed genes. Predicted protein structures and functional annotations were generated using the AlphaFold protein structure and DeepFRI protein language inference models respectively. The resulting structures and functional annotations were validated using small molecule docking experiments. DeepFRI and AlphaFold models not only correctly annotated differentially expressed genes, but also revealed detailed mechanisms involving protein-protein interactions.

ConclusionsDeep learning models are capable of inferring novel functions and achieving high accuracy in functional annotation. Their increased use in plant research will result in major improvements in annotations for non-model plants that are underrepresented in genome databases. We illustrate how integrating protein structure prediction, functional residue prediction, and small molecule docking can infer plausible protein-protein interactions and yield additional mechanistic insights. This approach will aid in the selection of candidate genes for further study from differential expression studies that generate large gene lists.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stephan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugdale, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visendi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bridging functional annotation gaps in non-model plant genes with AlphaFold, DeepFRI and small molecule docking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.18.476760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physiological responses of plants to in vivo XRF radiation damage: insights from elemental, histochemical, anatomical and ultrastructural analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.18.476760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is a powerful technique for the in vivo assessment of plant tissues. However, the potential X-ray exposure damages might affect the structure and elemental composition of living plant tissues leading to artefacts in the recorded data. Herein, we exposed soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaves to several X-ray doses through a polychromatic benchtop microprobe X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, modulating the photon flux by adjusting either the beam size, focus, or exposure time. The structure, ultrastructure and physiological responses of the irradiated plant tissues were investigated through light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Depending on the dose, the X-ray exposure induced decreased K and X-ray scattering intensities, and increased Ca, P, and Mn signals on soybean leaves. Anatomical analysis indicated necrosis of the epidermal and mesophyll cells on the irradiated spots, where TEM images revealed the collapse of cytoplasm and cell-wall breaking. Furthermore, the histochemical analysis detected the production of reactive oxygen species, as well as inhibition of chlorophyll autofluorescence in these areas. Under certain X-ray exposure conditions, e.g., high photon flux and exposure time, XRF measurements may affect the soybean leaves structures, elemental composition, and cellular ultrastructure, and induce programmed cell death. These results shed light on the characterization of the radiation damage, and thus, help to assess the X-ray radiation limits and strategies for in vivo for XRF analysis.

HighlightBy exposing soybean leaves to several X-ray doses, we show that the characteristic X-ray induced elemental changes stem from plants physiological signalling or responses rather than only sample dehydration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montanha, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques, J. P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M. W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Carvalho, H. W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.18.476760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physiological responses of plants to in vivo XRF radiation damage: insights from elemental, histochemical, anatomical and ultrastructural analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.475826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population dynamics of epithelial-mesenchymal heterogeneity in cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.475826v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phenotypic heterogeneity is a hallmark of aggressive cancer behaviour and a clinical challenge. Despite much characterisation of this heterogeneity at a multi-omics level in many cancers, we have a limited understanding of how this heterogeneity emerges spontaneously in an isogenic cell population. Some longitudinal observations of dynamics in epithelial-mesenchymal heterogeneity, a canonical example of phenotypic heterogeneity, have offered us opportunities to quantify the rates of phenotypic switching that may drive such heterogeneity. Here, we offer a mathematical modeling framework that explains the salient features of population dynamics noted in PMC42-LA cells: a) predominance of EpCAMhigh subpopulation, b) re-establishment of parental distributions from the EpCAMhigh and EpCAMlow subpopulations, and c) enhanced heterogeneity in clonal populations established from individual cells. Our framework proposes that fluctuations or noise in content duplication and partitioning of SNAIL - an EMT-inducing transcription factor - during cell division can explain spontaneous phenotypic switching and consequent dynamic heterogeneity in PMC42-LA cells observed experimentally at both single-cell and bulk level analysis. Together, we propose that asymmetric cell division can be a potential mechanism for phenotypic heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jain, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolly, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.475826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population dynamics of epithelial-mesenchymal heterogeneity in cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.02.478913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reliable and efficient parameter estimation using approximate continuum limit descriptions of stochastic models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.02.478913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stochastic individual-based mathematical models are attractive for modelling biological phenomena because they naturally capture the stochasticity and variability that is often evident in biological data. Such models also allow us to track the motion of individuals within the population of interest. Unfortunately, capturing this microscopic detail means that simulation and parameter inference can become computationally expensive. One approach for overcoming this computational limitation is to coarse-grain the stochastic model to provide an approximate continuum model that can be solved using far less computational effort. However, coarse-grained continuum models can be biased or inaccurate, particularly for certain parameter regimes. In this work, we combine stochastic and continuum mathematical models in the context of lattice-based models of two-dimensional cell biology experiments by demonstrating how to simulate two commonly used experiments: cell proliferation assays and barrier assays. Our approach involves building a simple statistical model of the discrepancy between the expensive stochastic model and the associated computationally inexpensive coarse-grained continuum model. We form this statistical model based on a limited number of expensive stochastic model evaluations at design points sampled from a user-chosen distribution, corresponding to a computer experiment design problem. With straightforward design point selection schemes, we show that using the statistical model of the discrepancy in tandem with the computationally inexpensive continuum model allows us to carry out prediction and inference while correcting for biases and inaccuracies due to the continuum approximation. We demonstrate this approach by simulating a proliferation assay, where the continuum limit model is the well-known logistic ordinary differential equation, as well as a barrier assay where the continuum limit model is closely related to the well-known Fisher-KPP partial differential equation. We construct an approximate likelihood function for parameter inference, both with and without discrepancy correction terms. Using maximum likelihood estimation, we provide point estimates of the unknown parameters, and use the profile likelihood to characterise the uncertainty in these estimates and form approximate confidence intervals. For the range of inference problems considered, working with the continuum limit model alone leads to biased parameter estimation and confidence intervals with poor coverage. In contrast, incorporating correction terms arising from the statistical model of the model discrepancy allows us to recover the parameters accurately with minimal computational overhead. The main tradeoff is that the associated confidence intervals are typically broader, reflecting the additional uncertainty introduced by the approximation process. All algorithms required to replicate the results in this work are written in the open source Julia language and are available at GitHub.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maclaren, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.02.478913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reliable and efficient parameter estimation using approximate continuum limit descriptions of stochastic models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.08.479501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel AlphasynucleinPAN in human Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived neurons masks SNCA140 and creates dissociation of deleterious SNCA98 in astrocytoma stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.08.479501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This manuscript has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>owoola, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okolicsanyi, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.08.479501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel AlphasynucleinPAN in human Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived neurons masks SNCA140 and creates dissociation of deleterious SNCA98 in astrocytoma stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.14.480293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting OLIG2 increases therapeutic responses in SHH medulloblastoma mouse models and patient-derived medulloblastoma organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.14.480293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recurrence after therapy is the primary life-threatening complication of medulloblastoma. In Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-subgroup medulloblastoma, OLIG2-expressing tumour stem cells are crucial to recurrence. We investigated the potential of the small-molecule OLIG2 inhibitor CT-179 to decrease recurrence in patient-derived organoids, mice genetically-engineered to develop SHH-driven MB, and mice with MB patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumours. We found that OLIG2 mRNA significantly correlated with poor survival in patients with SHH-MB, but not other subgroups. CT-179 rapidly downregulated OLIG2 protein in vitro and displayed nanomolar IC50 values. CT-179 arrested MB cells at G2/M, with degradation of cyclin B1 and phospho-CDK1 inducing apoptosis. In vivo CT-179 induced similar cell cycle changes in MBs in Smo-mutant mice and significantly increased mouse survival. In both MB organoids and mouse models, CT-179 combined with radiotherapy showed greater efficacy than either treatment alone. These data highlight the potential for OLIG2-targeted therapy to improve MB outcomes by targeting recurrent disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dismuke, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Offenhauser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumgartner, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maybury, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DSouza, R. C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassall, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wainwright, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piper, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johns, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokolsky-Papkov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershon, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.14.480293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting OLIG2 increases therapeutic responses in SHH medulloblastoma mouse models and patient-derived medulloblastoma organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.18.481121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase III activity restores multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli sensitivity to previously ineffective antibiotics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.18.481121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most prominent threats to modern medicine. In the latest World Health Organization list of bacterial pathogens that urgently require new antibiotics, nine out of 12 are Gram-negative, with four being of  Critical Priority. One crucial barrier restricting antibiotic efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria is their unique cell envelope. While fatty acids are a shared constituent of all structural membrane lipids, their biosynthesis pathway in bacteria is distinct from eukaryotes making it an attractive target for new antibiotic development that remains less explored. Here, we interrogated the redundant components of the bacterial Type II Fatty Acid Synthesis (FAS II) pathway, showing that disrupting FAS II homeostasis in Escherichia coli through deletion of the fabH gene damages the cell envelope of antibiotic susceptible and antibiotic resistant clinical isolates. The fabH gene encodes the {beta}-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase III (KAS III), which catalyzes the initial condensation reactions during fatty acid biosynthesis. We show that fabH null mutation potentiated the killing of multi-drug resistant E. coli by a broad panel of previously ineffective antibiotics, despite the presence of relevant antibiotic resistance determinants, for example, carbapenemase kpc2. Enhanced antibiotic sensitivity was additionally demonstrated in the context of eradicating established biofilms and treating established human cell infection in vitro. Our findings showcase the potential of FabH as a promising target that could be further explored in the development of therapies that may repurpose currently ineffective antibiotics or rescue failing last-resort antibiotics against Gram-negative pathogens.

IMPORTANCEGram-negative pathogens are a major concern for global public health due to increasing rates of antibiotic resistance and the lack of new drugs. A major contributing factor towards antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is their formidable outer membrane, which acts as a permeability barrier preventing many biologically active antimicrobials from reaching the intracellular targets and thus limiting their efficacy. Fatty acids are the fundamental building blocks of structural membrane lipids and their synthesis constitutes an attractive antimicrobial target as it follows distinct pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Herein, we identified a component of fatty acid synthesis, FabH, as a  gate-keeper of outer membrane barrier function. Without FabH, Gram-negative bacteria become susceptible to otherwise impermeable antibiotics and are re-sensitised to killing by last-resort antibiotics. This study supports FabH as a promising target for inhibition in future antimicrobial therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verderosa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaskovich, M. A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.18.481121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of β-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase III activity restores multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli sensitivity to previously ineffective antibiotics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.27.482139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
What are the reference strains of Acinetobacter baumannii referring to? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.27.482139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We assembled the whole genome sequence (WGS) of a collection of 43 non-redundant modern clinical isolates and four broadly used reference strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Comparison of these isolates and their WGS confirmed the high heterogeneity in capsule loci, sequence types, the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. However, a significant portion of clinical isolates strongly differ when compared to several reference strains in the light of colony morphology, cellular density, capsule production, natural transformability and in vivo virulence. These genetic and phenotypic differences between current circulating strains of A. baumannii and established reference strains could hamper the study of A. baumannii as an entity. The broadly used reference strains led to the current state of the art of the A. baumannii field, however, we propose that established reference strains in the A. baumannii field should be carefully used, because of the high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneities. In this study, we generated a collection of high-quality nucleotide sequences of 43 modern clinical isolates with the corresponding multi-level phenotypic characterizations. Beside the contribution of novel fundamental observations generated in this study, the phenotypic and genetic data, along with the bacterial strains themselves, will be further accessible using the first open access online platform called "Acinetobase". Therefore, a rational choice of modern strains will be possible to select the ones that suit the needs of specific biological questions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Philippe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valcek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteway, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robino, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nesporova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bove, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coenye, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Pooter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Coster, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strazisar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenyon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van der Henst, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.27.482139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[What are the reference strains of Acinetobacter baumannii referring to?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.484899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociable Cellular and Genetic Mechanisms of Cortical Thinning at Different Life Stages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.484899v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanisms underpinning age-related variations in cortical thickness in the human brain remain poorly understood. We investigated whether inter-regional age-related variations in cortical thinning (in a multicohort neuroimaging dataset from the ENIGMA Lifespan Working Group totalling 14,248 individuals, aged 4-89 years) depended on cell-specific marker gene expression levels. We found differences amidst early-life (<20 years), mid-life (20-60 years), and late-life (>60 years) in the patterns of association between inter-regional profiles of cortical thickness and expression profiles of marker genes for CA1 and S1 pyramidal cells, astrocytes, and microglia. Gene ontology and enrichment analyses indicated that each of the three life-stages was associated with different biological processes and cellular components: synaptic modeling in early life, neurotransmission in mid-life, and neurodegeneration in late-life. These findings provide mechanistic insights into age-related cortical thinning during typical development and aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Modabbernia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal-Pineiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayesa-Arriola, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourque, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canales-Rodriguez, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caseras, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrod, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo-Facorro, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crivello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crone, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicaray, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickie, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dima, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frenzel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glahn, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabe, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotegerd, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrero-Pedraza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoekstra, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulshoff Pol, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalnin, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kochan, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazoyer,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.21.484899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociable Cellular and Genetic Mechanisms of Cortical Thinning at Different Life Stages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.29.486309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishing combination PAC-1 and TRAIL regimens for treating ovarian cancer based on patient-specific pharmacokinetic profiles using in silico clinical trails 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.29.486309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ovarian cancer is commonly diagnosed in its late stages, and new treatment modalities are needed to improve patient outcomes and survival. We have recently established the synergistic effects of combination tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and procaspase activating compound (PAC-1) therapies in granulosa cell tumours (GCT) of the ovary, a rare form of ovarian cancer, using a mathematical model of the effects of both drugs in a GCT cell line. Here, to understand the mechanisms of combined TRAIL and PAC-1 therapy, study the viability of this treatment strategy, and accelerate preclinical translation, we leveraged our mathematical model in combination with population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) models of both TRAIL and PAC-1 to expand a realistic heterogeneous cohort of virtual patients and optimize treatment schedules. Using this approach, we investigated treatment responses in this virtual cohort and determined optimal therapeutic schedules based on patient-specific pharmacokinetic characteristics. Our results showed that schedules with high initial doses of PAC-1 were required for therapeutic efficacy. Further analysis of individualized regimens revealed two distinct groups of virtual patients within our cohort: one with high PAC-1 elimination, and one with normal PAC-1 elimination. In the high elimination group, high weekly doses of both PAC-1 and TRAIL were necessary for therapeutic efficacy, however virtual patients in this group were predicted to have a worse prognosis when compared to those in the normal elimination group. Thus, PAC-1 pharmacokinetic characteristics, particularly clearance, can be used to identify patients most likely to respond to combined PAC-1 and TRAIL therapy. This work underlines the importance of quantitative approaches in preclinical oncology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cardinal, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burlot, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosley, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hitt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.29.486309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishing combination PAC-1 and TRAIL regimens for treating ovarian cancer based on patient-specific pharmacokinetic profiles using in silico clinical trails]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.18.488716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Examining the efficacy of localised gemcitabine therapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer using a hybrid agent-based model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.18.488716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients has not significantly improved in the past 3 decades, highlighting the need for more effective treatment approaches. Poor patient outcomes and lack of response to therapy can be attributed, in part, to the dense, fibrotic nature of PDAC tumours, which impedes the uptake of systemically administered drugs. Wet-spun alginate fibres loaded with the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine have been developed as a potential tool for overcoming the physical and biological barriers presented by the PDAC tumour microenvironment and deliver high concentrations of drug to the tumour directly over an extended period of time. While exciting, the practicality, safety, and effectiveness of these devices in a clinical setting requires further investigation. Furthermore, an in-depth assessment of the drug-release rate from these devices needs to be undertaken to determine whether an optimal release profile exists. Using a hybrid computational model (agent-based model and partial differential equation system), we developed a simulation of pancreatic tumour growth and response to treatment with gemcitabine loaded alginate fibres. The model was calibrated using in vitro and in vivo data and simulated using a finite volume method discretization. We then used the model to compare different intratumoural implantation protocols and gemcitabine-release rates. In our model, the primary driver of pancreatic tumour growth was the rate of tumour cell division and degree of extracellular matrix deposition. We were able to demonstrate that intratumoural placement of gemcitabine loaded fibres was more effective than peritumoural placement. Additionally, we found that an exponential gemcitabine release rate would improve the tumour response to fibres placed peritumourally. Altogether, the model developed here is a tool that can be used to investigate other drug delivery devices to improve the arsenal of treatments available for PDAC and other difficult-to-treat cancers in the future.

Author SummaryPancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis with a median survival of 3-5 months for untreated disease. The treatment of pancreatic cancer is challenging due to the dense nature of pancreatic tumours which impedes retention of drug at the tumour site. As such, systemic administration of chemotherapies, such as gemcitabine, has a limited efficacy. To overcome this, sustained-release devices have been proposed. These devices are injected locally and release drug slowly over time, providing a concentrated local, sustained drug concentration. To investigate the possible efficacy of these devices, we developed a mathematical model that would allow us to probe treatment perturbations in silico. We modelled the individual cancer cells and their growth and death from gemcitabine loaded into the sustained delivery devices. Our platform allows future investigations for these devices to be run in silico so that we may better understand the forms of the drug release-profile that are necessary for optimal treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dallaston, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parfitt, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pooladvand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vine, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.18.488716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Examining the efficacy of localised gemcitabine therapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer using a hybrid agent-based model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.24.489294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth and adaptation mechanisms of tumour spheroids with time-dependent oxygen availability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.24.489294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumours are subject to external environmental variability. However, in vitro tumour spheroid experiments, used to understand cancer progression and develop cancer therapies, have been routinely performed for the past fifty years in constant external environments. Furthermore, spheroids are typically grown in ambient atmospheric oxygen (normoxia), whereas most in vivo tumours exist in hypoxic environments. Therefore, there are clear discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo conditions. We explore these discrepancies by combining tools from experimental biology, mathematical modelling, and statistical uncertainty quantification. Focusing on oxygen variability to develop our framework, we reveal key biological mechanisms governing tumour spheroid growth. Growing spheroids in time-dependent conditions, we identify and quantify novel biological adaptation mechanisms, including unexpected necrotic core removal, and transient reversal of the tumour spheroid growth phases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.24.489294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth and adaptation mechanisms of tumour spheroids with time-dependent oxygen availability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The climatic constrains of the historical global spread of mungbean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the domestication history has been investigated in many crops, the process of cultivation range expansion and factors governing this process received relatively little attention. Here using mungbean (Vigna radiata var. radiata) as a test case, we investigated the genomes of more than one thousand accessions to illustrate climatic adaptations role in dictating the unique routes of cultivation range expansion. Despite the geographical proximity between South and Central Asia, genetic evidence suggests mungbean cultivation first spread from South Asia to Southeast, East, and finally reached Central Asia. Combining evidence from demographic inference, climatic niche modeling, plant morphology, and records from ancient Chinese sources, we showed that the specific route was shaped by the unique combinations of climatic constraints and farmer practices across Asia, which imposed divergent selection favoring higher yield in the south but short-season and more drought-tolerant accessions in the north. Our results suggest that mungbean did not radiate from the domestication center as expected purely under human activity, but instead the spread of mungbean cultivation is highly constrained by climatic adaptation, echoing the idea that human commensals are more difficult to spread through the south-north axis of continents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ong, P.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burlyaeva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafleitner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vishnyakova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Wettberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samsonova, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuzhdin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The climatic constrains of the historical global spread of mungbean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rewiring of liver diurnal transcriptome rhythms by triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diurnal (i.e., 24-hour) physiological rhythms depend on transcriptional programs controlled by a set of circadian clock genes/proteins. Systemic factors like humoral and neuronal signals, oscillations in body temperature, and food intake align physiological circadian rhythms with external time. Thyroid hormones (THs) are major regulators of circadian clock target processes such as energy metabolism, but little is known about how fluctuations in TH levels affect the circadian coordination of tissue physiology. In this study, a high triiodothyronine (T3) state was induced in mice by supplementing T3 in the drinking water, which affected body temperature, and oxygen consumption in a time-of-day dependent manner. 24-hour transcriptome profiling of liver tissue identified 37 robustly and time independently T3 associated transcripts as potential TH state markers in the liver. Such genes participated in xenobiotic transport, lipid and xenobiotic metabolism. We also identified 10 - 15 % of the liver transcriptome as rhythmic in control and T3 groups, but only 4 % of the liver transcriptome (1,033 genes) were rhythmic across both conditions - amongst these several core clock genes. In-depth rhythm analyses showed that most changes in transcript rhythms were related to mesor (50%), followed by amplitude (10%), and phase (10%). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed TH state dependent reorganization of metabolic processes such as lipid and glucose metabolism. At high T3 levels, we observed weakening or loss of rhythmicity for transcripts associated with glucose and fatty acid metabolism, suggesting increased hepatic energy turnover. In sum, we provide evidence that tonic changes in T3 levels restructure the diurnal liver metabolic transcriptome independent of local molecular circadian clocks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Assis, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacerda, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaehler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cascorbi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagel, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawashdeh, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittag, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oster, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rewiring of liver diurnal transcriptome rhythms by triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.12.491596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computationally efficient mechanism discovery for cell invasion with uncertainty quantification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.12.491596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parameter estimation for mathematical models of biological processes is often difficult and depends significantly on the quality and quantity of available data. We introduce an efficient frame-work using Gaussian processes to discover mechanisms underlying delay, migration, and proliferation in a cell invasion experiment. Gaussian processes are leveraged with bootstrapping to provide uncertainty quantification for the mechanisms that drive the invasion process. Our frame-work is efficient, parallelisable, and can be applied to other biological problems. We illustrate our methods using a canonical scratch assay experiment, demonstrating how simply we can explore different functional forms and develop and test hypotheses about underlying mechanisms, such as whether delay is present. All code and data to reproduce this work are available at https://github.com/DanielVandH/EquationLearning.jl.

1 Author summaryIn this work we introduce uncertainty quantification into equation learning methods, such as physics-informed and biologically-informed neural networks. Our framework is computationally efficient and applicable to problems with unknown nonlinear mechanisms that we wish to learn from experiments where only sparse noisy data are available. We demonstrate our methods on a canonical scratch assay experiment from cell biology and show the underlying mechanisms can be learned, providing confidence intervals for functional forms and for solutions to partial differential equation models believed to describe the experiment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>VandenHeuvel, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drovandi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.12.491596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computationally efficient mechanism discovery for cell invasion with uncertainty quantification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An update to the database for Acinetobacter baumannii capsular polysaccharide locus typing extends the extensive and diverse repertoire of genes found at and outside the K locus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
2.Several novel non-antibiotic therapeutics for the critical priority bacterial pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, rely on specificity to the cell-surface capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Hence, prediction of CPS type deduced from genes in whole genome sequence data underpins the development and application of these therapies. In this study, we provide a comprehensive update to the A. baumannii K locus reference sequence database for CPS typing (available in Kaptive v. 2.0.1) to include 145 new KL, providing a total of 237 KL reference sequences. The database was also reconfigured for compatibility with the updated Kaptive v. 2.0.0 code that enables prediction of  K type from special logic parameters defined by detected combinations of KL and additional genes outside the K locus. Validation of the database against 8994 publicly available A. baumannii genome assemblies from NCBI databases identified the specific KL in 73.45% of genomes with perfect, very high or high confidence. Poor sequence quality or the presence of insertion sequences were the main reasons for lower confidence levels. Overall, 17 KL were overrepresented in available genomes, with KL2 the most common followed by the related KL3 and KL22. Substantial variation in gene content of the central portion of the K locus, that usually includes genes specific to the CPS type, included 34 distinct groups of genes for synthesis of various complex sugars and >400 genes for forming linkages between sugars or adding non-sugar substituents. A repertoire of 681 gene types were found across the 237 KL, with 88.4% found in <5% of KL.

3. Significance as a BioResource to the communityNew therapies that target the bacterial polysaccharide capsule (CPS) show promise as effective tools to curb the high mortality rates associated with extensively resistant A. baumannii; one of the worlds most troublesome Gram-negative pathogens. As important information about the CPS structure produced by an isolate can be extracted from Whole Genome Sequences (WGS), simple bioinformatic tools and definitive sequence databases are needed to facilitate robust prediction of CPS type from WGS data. Here, we provide a comprehensive update to the international CPS sequence typing database for A. baumannii, increasing the utility of this resource for prediction of CPS type from WGS to assist with clinical surveillance, and/or the design and application of CPS-targeted therapies. This study is expected to further inform epidemiological tracking efforts, as well as the design of therapeutics targeting the CPS, enhancing global efforts to identify, trace and treat infections caused by this pathogen.

4. Data summaryO_LIThe updated A. baumannii KL reference sequence database including 241 fully annotated gene clusters is available for download under Kaptive v. 2.0.1 at https://github.com/katholt/Kaptive.
C_LIO_LIGenome assemblies, short read data, or GenBank records used as representative reference sequence for each K locus are listed in Supplementary Table S1, and are referenced within each entry in the A. baumannii KL reference sequence database.
C_LI

The authors confirm all supporting data, code and protocols have been provided within the article or through supplementary data files.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cahill, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenyon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An update to the database for Acinetobacter baumannii capsular polysaccharide locus typing extends the extensive and diverse repertoire of genes found at and outside the K locus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain Project, a longitudinal study of adolescent brain development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We describe the Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain (QTAB) dataset and provide a detailed methodology and technical validation to facilitate data usage. The QTAB dataset comprises multimodal neuroimaging, as well as cognitive and mental health data collected in adolescent twins over two sessions (session 1: N = 422, age 9-14 years; session 2: N = 304, 10-16 years). The MRI protocol consisted of T1-weighted (MP2RAGE), T2-weighted, FLAIR, high-resolution TSE, SWI, resting-state fMRI, DWI, and ASL scans. Two fMRI tasks were added in session 2: an emotional conflict task and a passive movie-watching task. Outside of the scanner, we assessed cognitive function using standardised tests. We also obtained self-reports of symptoms for anxiety and depression, perceived stress, sleepiness, pubertal development measures, and risk and protective factors. We additionally collected several biological samples for genomic and metagenomic analysis. The QTAB project was established to promote health-related research in adolescence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strike, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansell, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicaray, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain Project, a longitudinal study of adolescent brain development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.24.493265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Approaches to generating virtual patient cohorts with applications in oncology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.24.493265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Virtual clinical trials (VCTs) have gained popularity for their ability to rationalize the drug development process using mathematical and computational modelling, and to provide key insights into the mechanisms regulating patient responses to treatment. In this chapter, we cover approaches for generating virtual cohorts with applications in cancer biology and treatment. VCTs are an effective tool for predicting clinical responses to novel therapeutics and establishing effective treatment strategies. These VCTs allow us to capture inter-individual variability (IIV) which can lead to diversity in patient drug responses. Here we discuss three main methodologies for capturing IIV with a VCT. First, we highlight the use of population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models, which extrapolate from empirical data population PK parameters that best fits the individual variability seen in drug disposition using non-linear mixed effects models. Next, we show how virtual patients may be sampled from a normal distribution with mean and standard deviation informed from experimental data to estimate parameters in a mechanistic model that regulates drug PKs. Lastly, we show how optimization techniques can be used to calibrate virtual patient parameter values and generate the VCT. Throughout, we compare and contrast these methods to provide a broader view of the generation of virtual patients, and to aid the decision-making process for those looking to leverage virtual clinical trials in their research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Surendran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauteur-Robitaille, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleimeier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gevertz, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkie, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.24.493265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Approaches to generating virtual patient cohorts with applications in oncology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Design, development, and preliminary assessment of a novel peripheral intravenous catheter aimed at reducing early failure rates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPeripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are the most commonly used invasive medical device, yet despite best efforts by end-users, PIVCs experience unacceptably high early failure rates. We aimed to design a new PIVC that reduces the early failure rate of in-dwelling PIVCs and we conducted preliminary tests to assess its efficacy and safety in a large animal model of intravenous access.

MethodsWe used computer-aided design and simulation to create a PIVC with a ramped tip geometry, which directs the infused fluid away from the vein wall; we called the design the FloRamp. We created FloRamp prototypes (test device) and tested them against a market-leading device (BD Insyte; control device) in a highly-controlled setting with five insertion sites per device in four pigs. We measured resistance to infusion and visual infusion phlebitis (VIP) every six hours and terminated the experiment at 48 hours. Veins were harvested for histology and seven pathological markers were assessed.

ResultsComputer simulations showed that the optimum FloRamp tip reduced maximum endothelial shear stress by 60%, from 12.7Pa to 5.1Pa, compared to a typical PIVC tip, and improved the infusion dynamics of saline in the blood stream. In the animal study, we found that 2/5 of the control devices were occluded after 24 hours, whereas all test devices remained patent and functional. The FloRamp created less resistance to infusion (0.73{+/-}0.81 vs 0.47{+/-}0.50, p=0.06) and lower VIP scores (0.60{+/-}0.93 vs 0.31{+/-}0.70, p=0.09) that the control device, although neither findings were significantly different. Histopathology revealed that 5/7 of the assessed markers were lower in veins with the FloRamp.

ConclusionsAs PIVCs are used in almost every hospitalized patient, there is an urgent need to reduce failure rates. Herein we report preliminary assessment of a novel PIVC design, which could be advantageous in clinical settings through decreased device occlusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doyle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsey, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shelverton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbate, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ainola, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livingstone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouquet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passmore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colombo, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinsar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li Bassi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keogh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.20.496233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Design, development, and preliminary assessment of a novel peripheral intravenous catheter aimed at reducing early failure rates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.11.499243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CheckM2: a rapid, scalable and accurate tool for assessing microbial genome quality using machine learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.11.499243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in DNA sequencing and bioinformatics have dramatically increased the rate of recovery of microbial genomes from metagenomic data. Assessing the quality of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) is a critical step prior to downstream analysis. Here, we present CheckM2, an improved method of predicting the completeness and contamination of MAGs using machine learning. We demonstrate the effectiveness of CheckM2 on synthetic and experimental data, and show that it outperforms the original version of CheckM in predicting MAG quality. CheckM2 is substantially faster than CheckM and its database can be rapidly updated with new high-quality reference genomes. We show that CheckM2 accurately predicts genome quality for MAGs from novel lineages, even those with sparse genomic representation, or reduced genome size (e.g. symbionts) such as those found in the Patescibacteria and the DPANN superphylum. CheckM2 provides accurate genome quality predictions across the microbial tree of life, giving increased confidence when inferring novel biological conclusions from MAGs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chklovski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parks, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.11.499243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CheckM2: a rapid, scalable and accurate tool for assessing microbial genome quality using machine learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.501072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cysteine dependent conformation heterogeneity of Shigella flexneri autotransporter IcsA and implications in its function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.501072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shigella IcsA is a versatile surface virulence factor required for both early and late pathogenesis stages, extracellularly to intracellularly. Despite IcsA serving as a model Type V secretion system (T5SS) autotransporter to study host pathogen interactions, its detailed molecular architecture is poorly understood. Recently, IcsA was found to switch to a different conformation for its adhesin activity upon sensing of the host stimuli by Shigella Type III secretion system (T3SS). Here, we report that the single cysteine residue (C130) near the N-terminus of IcsA passenger has a role in IcsA adhesin activity. We also show that the IcsA passenger (IcsAp) exists in multiple conformations, and the conformation populations are influenced by a central pair of cysteine residues (C375 and C379), which is not previously reported for any Type V autotransporter passengers. Disruption of either or both central cysteine residues alters the exposure of IcsA epitopes to polyclonal anti-IcsA antibodies previously shown to block Shigella adherence, yet without loss of IcsA intracellular functions in actin-based motility (ABM). Anti-IcsA antibody reactivity was restored when the IcsA paired cysteine substitution mutants were expressed in a{triangleup} ipaD background with a constitutively active T3SS, highlighting an interplay between T3SS and T5SS. The work here uncovers a novel molecular switch empowered by a centrally localised, short-spaced cysteine pair in the Type V autotransporter IcsA that ensures conformational heterogeneity to aid IcsA evasion of host immunity.

ImportanceShigella species are the leading cause of diarrheal related death globally by causing bacillary dysentery. The surface virulence factor IcsA which is essential for Shigella pathogenesis is a unique multi-functional autotransporter that is responsible for cell adhesion, and actin-based motility, yet detailed mechanistic understanding is lacking. Here, we show that the three cysteine residues in IcsA contribute to the proteins distinct functions. The N terminus cysteine residue within the IcsA passenger domain plays a role in adhesin function, while a centrally localised cysteine pair provides conformational heterogeneity resulting in IcsA molecules with different reactivity to adhesion-blocking anti-IcsA antibodies. In synergy with the Type III secretion system, this molecular switch preserves biological function in distinct IcsA conformations for cell adhesion, actin-based motility and autophagy escape, providing a potential strategy by which Shigella evade host immunity targeting of this essential virulence factor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morona, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.21.501072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cysteine dependent conformation heterogeneity of Shigella flexneri autotransporter IcsA and implications in its function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.27.501797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computationally efficient framework for diagnosing, understanding, and predicting biphasic population growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.27.501797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Throughout the life sciences, biological populations undergo multiple phases of growth, often referred to as biphasic growth for the commonly-encountered situation involving two phases. Biphasic population growth occurs over a massive range of spatial and temporal scales, ranging from microscopic growth of tumours over several days, to decades-long re-growth of corals in coral reefs that can extend for hundreds of kilometres. Different mathematical models and statistical methods are used to diagnose, understand, and predict biphasic growth. Common approaches can lead to inaccurate predictions of future growth that may result in inappropriate management and intervention strategies being implemented. Here we develop a very general computationally efficient framework, based on profile likelihood analysis, for diagnosing, understanding, and predicting biphasic population growth. The two key components of the framework are: (i) an efficient method to form approximate confidence intervals for the change point of the growth dynamics and model parameters; and, (ii) parameter-wise profile predictions that systematically reveal the influence of individual model parameters on predictions. To illustrate our framework we explore real-world case studies across the life sciences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maclaren, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warne, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.27.501797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computationally efficient framework for diagnosing, understanding, and predicting biphasic population growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deficiencies of Runx3 and tissue-resident CD4+ intestinal epithelial lymphocytes link intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation in mouse and human spondyloarthropathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveDisturbances in immune regulation, intestinal microbial dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation characterize ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which is associated with RUNX3 loss-of-function variants. ZAP70W163C mutant (SKG) mice have reduced ZAP70 signaling, spondyloarthritis and ileitis. At intestinal epithelial interfaces, lamina propria Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and intraepithelial CD4+CD8+TCR{beta}+ lymphocytes (CD4-IEL) control inflammation. TGF-{beta} and retinoic acid (RA)-producing dendritic cells are required for induction of Treg and for CD4-IEL differentiation from CD4+ conventional or Treg precursors, with upregulation of Runx3 and suppression of ThPOK. We investigated Treg, CD4-IEL, ZAP70 and Runx3 in SKG mice and AS patients.

MethodsWe compared ileal Treg and CD4-IEL numbers and differentiation in BALB/c and SKG mice, and with ZAP70 inhibition, and related differentially-expressed genes in terminal ileum to ChIP-seq-identified Runx3-regulated genes. We compared proportions of CD4-IEL in ileum and CD4+8+ T cells in blood of AS patients and healthy controls.

ResultsZAP70W163C or ZAP70 inhibition prevented intestinal CD4-IEL but not Foxp3+ Treg differentiation in context of TGF-{beta} and RA in vitro and in vivo, resulting in Runx3 and ThPOK dysregulation. CD4-IEL frequency and expression of tissue resident memory T-cell and Runx3-regulated genes was reduced in SKG intestine. Multiple under-expressed genes were shared with risk SNPs identified in human spondyloarthropathies. CD4-IEL were decreased in AS intestine. Double-positive T cells were reduced and Treg increased in AS peripheral blood.

ConclusionHigh-affinity TCR-ZAP70 signalling is required for Runx3-mediated intestinal CD4-IEL differentiation from Treg. Genetically-encoded relative immunodeficiency of T cells underpins poor intestinal barrier control in mouse and human spondyloarthropathy.

What is already known about this subject?Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with RUNX3 loss-of-function variants.

Capacity of the AS T cell receptor repertoire to expand in response to infectious antigens is reduced.

Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are increased in AS intestine.

ZAP70W163C mutant (SKG) mice have reduced ZAP70 signaling, spondyloarthritis (SpA) and ileitis.

Intestinal epithelial Foxp3+ Treg and CD4+CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD4-IEL) control local inflammation. CD4-IEL differentiate from Treg, with upregulation of Runx3 and suppression of ThPOK transcription factors.

What does this study add?High-affinity TCR-ZAP70 signalling is required for Runx3-mediated intestinal CD4-IEL differentiation from Treg

Intestinal CD4-IEL and circulating CD4+CD8+ T cells are reduced in AS while circulating Treg are increased. Impaired CD8 expression may be correctible by TNF inhibition in AS CD4+ T cells.

Deficiencies of Runx3 and tissue-resident CD4-IEL link intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation in mouse and human SpA.

How might this influence clinical practice or future developments?Genetically-encoded relative T immunodeficiency underpins poor intestinal barrier control in SpA
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhuyan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maradana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehdi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergot, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simone, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesa, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Kurdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenna, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehaume, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciccia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.28.501834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deficiencies of Runx3 and tissue-resident CD4+ intestinal epithelial lymphocytes link intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation in mouse and human spondyloarthropathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.07.503111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein-protein complexes can undermine ultrasensitivity-dependent biological adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.07.503111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Robust Perfect Adaptation (RPA) is a ubiquitously-observed signalling response across all scales of biological organisation. A major class of network architectures that drive RPA in complex networks is the Opposer module - a feedback-regulated network into which specialised integral-computing  opposer node(s) are embedded. Although ultrasensitivity-generating chemical reactions have long been considered a possible mechanism for such adaptation-conferring opposer nodes, this hypothesis has relied on simplified Michaelian models, which neglect the presence of protein-protein complexes, and which are now widely acknowledged to make inaccurate predictions of signalling responses. Here we develop complex-complete models of interlinked covalent-modification cycles with embedded ultrasensitivity: explicitly capturing all molecular interactions and protein complexes. Strikingly, we demonstrate that the presence of protein-protein complexes thwarts the networks capacity for RPA in any  free active protein form, conferring RPA capacity instead on the concentration of a larger protein pool consisting of two distinct forms of a single protein. Furthermore, compared to predictions by simplified models, the parametric requirements for RPA in this protein pool are much more severe, and RPA generally obtains over a narrower range of input stimuli. These surprising results raise fundamental new questions as to the biochemical requirements for adaptation-conferring Opposer modules within complex cellular networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeynes-Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.07.503111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein-protein complexes can undermine ultrasensitivity-dependent biological adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Facilitation-inhibition control of motor neuronal persistent inward currents in young and older adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A well-coordinated control of motor neuronal persistent inward currents (PICs) via diffuse neuromodulation and local inhibition is essential to ensure motor units discharge at required times and frequencies. Current best estimates indicate that PICs are reduced in older adults; however, it is not yet known whether PIC facilitation-inhibition control is also altered with ageing. We investigated the responses of PICs to i) a remote handgrip contraction, which is believed to diffusely increase serotonergic input onto motor neurones, and ii) tendon vibration of the antagonist muscle, which elicits reciprocal inhibition, in both young and older adults. High-density surface electromyograms were collected from soleus and tibialis anterior of 18 young and 26 older adults during triangular-shaped plantar and dorsiflexion contractions to 20% (handgrip experiments) and 30% (vibration experiments) of maximum torque (rise-decline rate of 2%/s). The paired-motor-unit analysis was used to calculate {Delta}F, which is assumed proportional to PIC strength. {Delta}F increased in both soleus (0.55pps, 16.0%) and tibialis anterior (0.42pps, 11.4%) during the handgrip contraction independent of age. However, although antagonist tendon vibration reduced {Delta}F in soleus (0.28pps, 12.6%) independent of age, less reduction was observed in older (0.42pps, 10.7%) than young adults (0.72pps, 17.8%) in tibialis anterior. Our data indicate a preserved ability of older adults to amplify PICs following a remote handgrip contraction, during which increased serotonergic input onto the motor neurones is expected, in both lower leg muscles. However, PIC deactivation in response to reciprocal inhibition was impaired with ageing in tibialis anterior despite being preserved in soleus.

KEYPOINTSO_LIMotor neuronal persistent inward currents (PICs) are amplified via diffuse neuromodulation and deactivated by local inhibition to ensure motor units discharge at required times and frequencies, allowing a normal motor behaviour.
C_LIO_LIPIC amplitudes appear to be reduced with ageing, however it is not known whether PIC facilitation-inhibition control is also altered.
C_LIO_LIRemote handgrip contraction, which should diffusely increase serotonergic input onto motor neurones, amplified PICs similarly in both soleus and tibialis anterior of young and older adults.
C_LIO_LIAntagonist tendon vibration, which induces reciprocal inhibition, reduced PICs in soleus in both young and older adults but had less effect in tibialis anterior in older adults.
C_LIO_LIOur data suggest that older adults have preserved soleus PIC facilitation during lowintensity contractions, equivalent to activities such as standing and walking. However, a reduced reciprocal inhibition of PICs in tibialis anterior may contribute to locomotion impairments, such as increases in soleus-tibialis anterior co-activation during propulsion.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orssatto, L. B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blazevich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajano, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.08.503135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Facilitation-inhibition control of motor neuronal persistent inward currents in young and older adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian ribosome profiling reveals a role for the Period2 upstream opening reading frame in sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many mammalian proteins have circadian cycles of production and degradation, and many of these rhythms are altered post-transcriptionally. We used ribosome profiling to examine post-transcriptional control of circadian rhythms by quantifying RNA translation in the liver over a 24-h period from circadian-entrained mice transferred to constant darkness conditions and by comparing ribosome binding levels to protein levels for 16 circadian proteins. We observed large differences in ribosome binding levels compared to protein levels, and we observed delays between peak ribosome binding and peak protein abundance. We found extensive binding of ribosomes to upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in circadian mRNAs, including the core clock gene Period2 (Per2). An increase in the number of uORFs in the 5UTR was associated with a decrease in ribosome binding in the main coding sequence and a reduction in expression of synthetic reporter constructs. Mutation of the Per2 uORF increased luciferase and fluorescence reporter expression in 3T3 cells and increased luciferase expression in PER2:LUC MEF cells. Mutation of the Per2 uORF in mice increased Per2 mRNA expression, enhanced ribosome binding on Per2, and reduced total sleep time compared to that in wild-type mice. These results suggest that uORFs affect mRNA post-transcriptionally, which can impact physiological rhythms and sleep.

Significance StatementPeriod (Per) is an iconic gene in the field of circadian rhythms since its discovery in 1971 by Seymour Benzer and Ronald Konopka in fruit flies. The inhibitory feedback loop of PER protein drives circadian rhythms. We show that Per2 is regulated by an upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the 5 untranslated region of Period2 mRNA. Mutation of the Per2 uORF altered the amplitude of luciferase reporter expression in well-characterized cell culture models. Per2 uORF mutant mice had significantly elevated Per2 mRNA levels and exhibited sleep loss, particularly during light-to-dark and dark-to-light transitions, which suggests a role for uORFs in modulating molecular and physiological circadian rhythms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Millius, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujishima, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Standley, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumiyama, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ueda, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.09.503391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian ribosome profiling reveals a role for the Period2 upstream opening reading frame in sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.14.503924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insight on Selective Breeding the Robustness Based on Field Survival Records: New Genetic Evaluation of Survival Traits in White-leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Breeding Line 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.14.503924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Survival is an old trait in animal breeding, yet commonly neglected nowadays for its simple binary records and low levels of heritability in aquaculture species. These traits however, can provide valuable field data when selecting for robustness in genetic improvement programs. In the current study, linear multivariate animal model (LMA) was used for the genetic analysis of survival records from two-year classes (BL2019 and BL2020) of white-leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) breeding lines with a total number of 52, 248 individuals from 481 fullsib families recorded for data collection. During grow-out test period, 10 day intervals of survival data were considered as independent traits. Two survival definitions, binary survivability (S) and continuous survival in days (SL), were used for the genetic analysis of survival records to investigate; i) whether adding more survival time information could improve estimation of genetic parameters; ii) the trajectory of survival heritability across time, and iii) patterns of genetic correlations of survival traits across time. Levels of heritability estimates for both S and SL were low (0.005 to 0.076), while heritability for survival day number was found to be similar with that of binary records at each observation time and were highly genetically correlated (rg >0.8). Heritability estimates of body weight (BW) for BL2019 and BL2020 were 0.486 and 0.373, respectively. Trajectories of survival heritability across time showed a gradual increase across the grow-out test period but slowed or reached a plateau during the later grow-out test period. Genetic correlations among survival traits in the grow-out tests were moderate to high, and the closer the times were between estimates, the higher were their genetic correlations. In contrast, genetic correlations between both survival traits and body weight were low but positive. Here we provide the first report of the trajectory of heritability estimates for survival traits across time in aquaculture. Results will be useful for developing robust improved white-leg shrimp culture strains in selective breeding programs based on field survival data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mather, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurwood, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.14.503924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insight on Selective Breeding the Robustness Based on Field Survival Records: New Genetic Evaluation of Survival Traits in White-leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Breeding Line]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.504884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Alzheimer's disease patient-derived olfactory cell model identifies gene expression changes associated with cognition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.504884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An early symptom of Alzheimers disease (AD) is an impaired sense of smell, for which the molecular basis remains elusive. Here, we generated human olfactory neurosphere-derived (ONS) cells from people with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and performed global RNA sequencing to determine gene expression changes. ONS cells expressed markers of neuroglial differentiation, providing a unique cellular model to explore early AD-associated disease pathways. Our transcriptomics data from ONS cells revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cognitive processes in AD cells compared to MCI, or matched healthy controls (HC). A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 6 (AKAP6) was the most significantly altered gene in AD compared to both MCI and HC, and has been linked to cognitive function. The greatest change in gene expression of all DEGs occurred between AD and MCI. Gene pathway analysis revealed defects in multiple cellular processes with aging, intellectual deficiency and alternative splicing being the most significantly dysregulated in AD ONS cells. Our results demonstrate that ONS cells can provide a cellular model for AD that recapitulates disease-associated differences. We have revealed potential novel genes, including AKAP6 that may have a role in AD, particularly MCI to AD transition, and should be further examined.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rantanen, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bitar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampinen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quek, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oikari, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuni-Lopez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutharsan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thillaiyampalam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penttilä, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Löppönen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehtola, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saari, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannonen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koivisto, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay-Sim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cristino, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanninen, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.22.504884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Alzheimer's disease patient-derived olfactory cell model identifies gene expression changes associated with cognition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.506701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profile likelihood-based parameter and predictive interval analysis guides model choice for ecological population dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.506701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calibrating mathematical models to describe ecological data provides important insight via parameter estimation that is not possible from analysing data alone. When we undertake a mathematical modelling study of ecological or biological data, we must deal with the trade-off between data availability and model complexity. Dealing with the nexus between data availability and model complexity is an ongoing challenge in mathematical modelling, particularly in mathematical biology and mathematical ecology where data collection is often not standardised, and more broad questions about model selection remain relatively open. Therefore, choosing an appropriate model almost always requires case-by-case consideration. In this work we present a straightforward approach to quantitatively explore this trade-off using a case study exploring mathematical models of coral reef regrowth after some ecological disturbance, such as damage caused by a tropical cyclone. In particular, we compare a simple single species ordinary differential equation (ODE) model approach with a more complicated two-species coupled ODE model. Univariate profile likelihood analysis suggests that the both models are practically identifiable. To provide additional insight we construct and compare approximate prediction intervals using a new parameter-wise prediction approximation, confirming both the simple and complex models perform similarly with regard to making predictions. Our approximate parameter-wise prediction interval analysis provides explicit information about how each parameter affects the predictions of each model. Comparing our approximate prediction intervals with a more rigorous and computationally expensive evaluation of the full likelihood shows that the new approximations are reasonable in this case. All algorithms and software to support this work are freely available as jupyter notebooks on GitHub so that they can be adapted to deal with any other ODE-based models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Studerus, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maclaren, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.05.506701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profile likelihood-based parameter and predictive interval analysis guides model choice for ecological population dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calibration of a Voronoi cell-based model for tumour growth using approximate Bayesian computation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Agent-based models (ABMs) are readily used to capture the stochasticity in tumour evolution; however, these models are often challenging to validate with experimental measurements due to model complexity. The Voronoi cell-based model (VCBM) is an off-lattice agent-based model that captures individual cell shapes using a Voronoi tessellation and mimics the evolution of cancer cell proliferation and movement. Evidence suggests tumours can exhibit biphasic growth in vivo. To account for this phenomena, we extend the VCBM to capture the existence of two distinct growth phases. Prior work primarily focused on point estimation for the parameters without consideration of estimating uncertainty. In this paper, approximate Bayesian computation is employed to calibrate the model to in vivo measurements of breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancer. Our approach involves estimating the distribution of parameters that govern cancer cell proliferation and recovering outputs that match the experimental data. Our results show that the VCBM, and its biphasic extension, provides insight into tumour growth and quantifies uncertainty in the switching time between the two phases of the biphasic growth model. We find this approach enables precise estimates for the time taken for a daughter cell to become a mature cell. This allows us to propose future refinements to the model to improve accuracy, whilst also making conclusions about the differences in cancer cell characteristics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drovandi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.13.507714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calibration of a Voronoi cell-based model for tumour growth using approximate Bayesian computation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.509205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IRF7 impacts on prostate cancer cell survival in response to radiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.509205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the impact of radiotherapy on the evolution of treatment resistant prostate cancer is critical for selecting effective treatment combinations. Whilst activation of Type 1 interferon signalling is a hallmark of how cells respond to viral infection, in cancer cells, multiple stresses are known to activate this same response. In this study we have evaluated for the first time the changes in the interferon response induced by culturing prostate cancer cells under sphere- forming conditions and following irradiation. We report a conserved upregulated transcript profile for both conditions that is strongly associated with therapeutic resistance and cell survival in vitro and in vivo. The profile includes and is regulated by the Type 1 interferon master regulator IRF7 which, when depleted, delays tumour re-growth following irradiation. We immuno-stained two independent prostate cohorts for IRF7 and found that increased expression, particularly in cases with low PTEN expression, correlated with poor prognosis. To more comprehensively characterise the impact of IRF7 and radiation on cells, RNA-Seq was performed on IRF7 knockdown cells at different radiation doses. We identified a number of biological processes that were IRF7-dependent, including the formation of stem-like cell populations and also therapeutic vulnerabilities. For example, irradiation sensitised surviving cells to either a combination of an IKK{varepsilon}/TBK1 and a MEK inhibitor or treatment with an inhibitor of IDO1, an IRF7- dependent gene. Translationally our work suggests that IRF7 expression can be used to stratify patients who may not benefit from receiving radiotherapy alone but rather may benefit from treatment combinations. In two cohorts treated with radical intent, strong IRF7 staining was associated with disease-specific death implicating this pathway as a convergence point for therapeutic resistance in prostate and potentially other cancer types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pickard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amoroso, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCulloch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erickson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachdeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dellett, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McComb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCaffrey, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDade, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waugh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butterworth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Illidge, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirtti, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overton, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.23.509205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IRF7 impacts on prostate cancer cell survival in response to radiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent east-west lineages in an Australian fruit fly associated with the Carpentaria basin divide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bactrocera jarvisi is an endemic Australian fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae). It occurs commonly across tropical and subtropical coastal Australia, from far-northern Western Australia, across the  Top End of the Northern Territory, and then down the Queensland east coast. Across this range, its distribution crosses several well documented biogeographic barriers. In order to better understand factors leading to the divergence of Australian fruit fly lineages, we carried out a population genetic study of B. jarvisi from across its range using genome-wide SNP analysis, utilising adult specimens gained from trapping and fruit rearing. Populations from the Northern Territory (NT) and Western Australia were genetically similar to each other, but divergent from the genetically uniform east-coast (=Queensland, QLD) population. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the NT population derived from the QLD population. We infer a role for the Carpentaria Basin as a biogeographic barrier restricting east-west gene flow. The QLD populations were largely panmictic and recognised east-coast biogeographic barriers play no part in north-south population structuring. While the NT and QLD populations were genetically distinct, there was evidence for the historically recent translocation of flies from each region to the other. Flies reared from different host fruits collected in the same location showed no genetic divergence. While a role for the Carpentaria Basin as a barrier to gene flow for Australian fruit flies agrees with existing work on the related B. tryoni, the reason(s) for population panmixia for B. jarvisi (and B. tryoni) over the entire Queensland east coast, a linear north-south distance of >2000km, remains unknown.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manawaduge, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurwood, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent east-west lineages in an Australian fruit fly associated with the Carpentaria basin divide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differences in gene expression in field populations of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with varying release histories in northern Australia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aedes aegypti is the principal mosquito vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya viruses. The wMel endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia pipientis has been introduced into this vector as a novel biocontrol strategy to stop transmission of these viruses. Mosquitoes with Wolbachia have been released in the field in North Queensland, Australia since 2011, at various locations and over several years, with populations remaining stably infected. Wolbachia infection is known to alter gene expression in its mosquito host, but whether (and how) this changes over the long-term in the context of field releases remains unknown. We sampled mosquitoes from Wolbachia-infected populations with different release histories along a time gradient and performed RNAseq to investigate gene expression changes in the insect host. We observed a significant impact on gene expression in Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes versus uninfected controls, but fewer genes had altered expression in the older releases (e.g. the year 2011) versus the more recent releases (e.g. 2017). Nonetheless, a fundamental signature of Wolbachia infection on host gene expression was observed across all releases, comprising upregulation of immunity and metabolism genes. There was limited downregulation of gene expression in the older releases, but significantly more in the most recent release. Our findings indicate that at > 8 years post-introgression into field populations, Wolbachia continues to profoundly impact host gene expression, particularly genes involved in insect immune response. We suggest that if gene expression changes underlie blocking of virus replication in Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti, then refractoriness of these mosquitoes to arboviruses may remain stable over the long-term.

Author summaryThe Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main species responsible for urban transmission of dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. Control measures, including source reduction and insecticide treatment, have historically struggled to provide sustained control of this species to limit disease. An alternative approach involves releasing mosquitoes harbouring Wolbachia bacteria. Wolbachia inhibits virus transmission by Ae. aegypti and preliminary evidence indicates that dengue incidence is reduced in locations where it has been deployed. In this study, we found that Wolbachia significantly upregulates gene expression in Ae. aegypti at least 8 years after field deployment compared with uninfected controls, although some gene downregulation was also observed. We observed a more  muted response in mosquitoes from populations with older release histories, with far fewer genes being differentially regulated versus those from the most recent release. Irrespective of release history, immune response and metabolism genes were significantly upregulated, and to a lesser extent genes related to behaviour. Our results, combined with previous studies that have revealed few changes in the Wolbachia genome post release, provide further evidence of the long-term stability of the Wolbachia-mosquito relationship in the field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wimalasiri-Yapa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritchie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frentiu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warrilow, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Hurk, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.10.511644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differences in gene expression in field populations of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with varying release histories in northern Australia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OzFAD: Ozone-enabled fatty acid discovery reveals unexpected diversity in the human lipidome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fatty acid isomers are responsible for an under-reported lipidome diversity across all kingdoms of life. Isomers of unsaturated fatty acid are often masked in contemporary analysis by incomplete separation and the absence of sufficiently diagnostic methods for structure elucidation. Here, we introduce a comprehensive workflow to discover new unsaturated fatty acids through coupling liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry with gas-phase ozonolysis of double bonds. The workflow encompasses semi-automated data analysis and enables de novo identification in complex media including human plasma, cancer cell lines and human sebaceous wax (i.e., vernix caseosa). The targeted analysis including ozonolysis enables structural assignment over a dynamic range of five orders of magnitude, even in instances of incomplete chromatographic separation. Thereby we expand the number of identified plasma fatty acids two-fold, including non-methylene interrupted fatty acids. Detection, without prior knowledge, allows discovery of non-canonical double bond positions. Changes in relative isomer abundances reflect underlying perturbations in lipid metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Menzel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, R. S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benfield, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriques, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poad, B. L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanksby, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OzFAD: Ozone-enabled fatty acid discovery reveals unexpected diversity in the human lipidome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.27.513961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane-active peptides escape drug-resistance in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.27.513961v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acquired drug-resistance is a recurring problem in cancer treatment, and this is particularly true for patients with metastatic melanoma that carry a BRAF V600E mutation. In the current study, we explored the use of membrane-active peptides as an alternative therapeutic modality to target drug-resistant melanoma cells. We produced slow-cycling and drug-resistant melanoma cells using dabrafenib, a small molecule drug that targets tumor cells with BRAF V600E mutation, and characterised their lipidome and proteome to investigate the role of membrane lipids in acquired drug-resistance. Despite some changes in the lipid composition, tested anti-melanoma membrane-active cyclic peptides (cTI and cGm) killed melanoma cells that are sensitive, tolerant, or resistant to dabrafenib. Importantly, melanoma cells did not develop resistance to cTI or cGm, nor changed their lipid composition with long-term peptide treatment. Therefore, these peptides are well suited as templates to design therapeutic leads to target drug-resistant metastatic melanoma cells and/or as co-treatment with small molecule drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benfield, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vernen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, R. S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bufi, F. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammerlindl, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craik, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaider, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanksby, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriques, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.27.513961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane-active peptides escape drug-resistance in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Out of thin air: surveying tropical bat roosts through air sampling of eDNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding roosting behaviour is essential to bat conservation and biomonitoring, often providing the most accurate methods of assessing population size and health. However, roosts can be challenging to survey. Roosts can be physically impossible to access or present risks for researchers and disturbance during monitoring can disrupt natural bat behaviour and present material risks to the population e.g. disrupting hibernation cycles.

One solution to this is the use of non-invasive monitoring approaches. Environmental (e)DNA has proven especially effective at detecting rare and elusive species particularly in hard-to-reach locations. It has recently been demonstrated that eDNA is carried in air and, when collected in semi-confined spaces can provide remarkably accurate profiles of biodiversity, even in complex tropical communities.

In this study we deploy novel airborne eDNA collection for air for the first time in a natural setting and use this approach to survey difficult to access potential roosts in the neotropics. Using airborne eDNA we confirmed the presence of bats in 9 out of 12 roosts. The identified species matched previous historical records of roost use obtained from photographic and live capture methods demonstrating the utility of this approach. We also detected the presence of the white-winged vampire bat (Diaemus youngi) which had never been confirmed in the area but was long suspected. In addition to the bats, we also detected several non-bat vertebrates, including the big-eared climbing rat (Ototylomys phyllotis), which has previously been observed in and around bat roosts. We also detected eDNA from other local species known to be in the vicinity. Using airborne eDNA to detect new roosts and monitor known populations, particularly when species turnover is rapid, could maximize efficiency for surveyors while minimizing disturbance to the animals. This study presents the first applied use of airborne eDNA collection for ecological analysis and demonstrates a clear utility for this technology in the wild.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garrett, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watkins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanova, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naaum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briscoe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drinkwater, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clare, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.07.515479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Out of thin air: surveying tropical bat roosts through air sampling of eDNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IL-33-induced neutrophilic inflammation and NETosis underlie rhinovirus-triggered exacerbations of asthma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.515526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhinovirus-induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to acute asthma exacerbations, however the molecular factors that trigger NETosis in this context remain ill-defined. Here, we sought to implicate a role for IL-33, an epithelial cell-derived alarmin rapidly released in response to infection. In mice with chronic experimental asthma (CEA), but not naive controls, rhinovirus inoculation induced an early (1 day post infection; dpi) inflammatory response dominated by neutrophils, neutrophil-associated cytokines (IL-1, IL-1{beta}, CXCL1) and NETosis, followed by a later, type-2 inflammatory phase (3-7 dpi), characterized by eosinophils, elevated IL-4 levels, and goblet cell hyperplasia. Notably, both phases were ablated by HpARI (Heligmosomoides polygyrus Alarmin Release Inhibitor), which blocks IL-33 release and signalling. Instillation of exogenous IL-33 recapitulated the rhinovirus-induced early phase, including the increased presence of NETs in the airway mucosa, in a PAD4-dependent manner. Ex vivo IL-33-stimulated neutrophils from mice with CEA, but not naive mice, underwent NETosis, and produced greater amounts of IL-1/{beta}, IL-4, and IL-5. In nasal samples from rhinovirus-infected people with asthma, but not healthy controls, IL-33 levels correlated with neutrophil elastase and dsDNA. Our findings suggest that IL-33 blockade ameliorates the severity of an asthma exacerbation by attenuating neutrophil recruitment and the downstream generation of NETs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Curren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikder, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bissell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toussaint, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McSorley, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phipps, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.07.515526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IL-33-induced neutrophilic inflammation and NETosis underlie rhinovirus-triggered exacerbations of asthma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Translational fusion of terpene synthases enhances metabolic flux by increasing protein stability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The end-to-end fusion of enzymes that catalyse successive steps in a reaction pathway is a metabolic engineering strategy that has been successfully applied in a variety of pathways and is particularly common in terpene bioproduction. Despite its popularity, limited work has been done to interrogate the mechanism of metabolic enhancement from enzyme fusion. We observed a remarkable >110-fold improvement in nerolidol production upon translational fusion of nerolidol synthase (a sesquiterpene synthase) to farnesyl diphosphate synthase. This delivered a titre increase from 29.6 mg/L up to 4.2 g/L nerolidol in a single engineering step. Whole-cell proteomic analysis revealed that nerolidol synthase levels in the fusion strains were greatly elevated compared to the non-fusion control. Similarly, the fusion of nerolidol synthase to non-catalytic domains also produced comparable increases in titre, which coincided with improved enzyme expression. When farnesyl diphosphate synthase was fused to other terpene synthases, we observed more modest improvements in terpene titre (1.9- and 3.8-fold), which corresponds to increases of a similar magnitude in terpene synthase expression. Therefore, increased in vivo enzyme levels - resulting from improved expression and/or stability - is likely to be a major driver of catalytic enhancement from enzyme fusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheah, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sainsbury, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.08.515726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Translational fusion of terpene synthases enhances metabolic flux by increasing protein stability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.516078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bladder-draining lymph nodes support germinal centre B cell responses during urinary tract infection in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.516078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are both common and exhibit high recurrence rates in women. UTI healthcare costs are increasing due to the rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, necessitating alternative approaches for infection control. Here, we investigated whether host adaptive immune responses can influence infection outcomes. We employed a mouse model in which wild-type C57BL/6J mice were transurethrally inoculated with an MDR UTI strain of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Firstly, we noted that rag1-/- C57BL/6J mice harboured larger bacterial burdens than wild-type counterparts, consistent with a role for T and/or B cells in optimal control of UTI. Consistent with this, UTI triggered in the bladders of wild-type mice early increases of myeloid cells, including CD11chi conventional dendritic cells, suggesting possible involvement of these professional antigen-presenting cells. Importantly, germinal centre (GC) B cell responses developed by 4 weeks post-infection in bladder-draining lymph nodes of wild-type mice, and although modest in magnitude and transient in nature, could not be boosted with a second UTI. Thus, our data reveal for the first time in a mouse model, that Gram-negative bacterial UTI induces local B cell immune responses in bladder-draining lymph nodes, which could potentially serve to control infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hawas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vagenas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.10.516078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bladder-draining lymph nodes support germinal centre B cell responses during urinary tract infection in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fish Aggregating Devices could enhance the effectiveness of blue water MPAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the past two decades, drifting fish aggregation devices (FADs) have revolutionised pelagic fisheries, and are now responsible for the majority of tuna purse seine catches. Here, we argue that by taking advantage of the same proven aggregative properties, FADs could be used to enhance the benefits provided by blue water Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Using models of commercially-targeted fish populations, we explore the potential benefits that could be achieved if unfished conservation FADs were positioned within blue water MPAs. Our results suggest that conservation FADs could deliver benefits, both to target species and the broader ecosystem. By increasing the residence time of exploited species, conservation FADs will reduce average mortality rates inside MPAs. By increasing the local density of species whose populations are depressed by exploitation, FADs can also improve the function of ecosystems in blue water MPAs. Conservation FADs could therefore amplify the benefits of blue water MPAs. We find this amplification is largest in those contexts where blue water MPAs have attracted the most criticism - when their area is small compared to both the open ocean and the distribution of fish stocks that move through them.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bode, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Game, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wegmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollack, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.516764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fish Aggregating Devices could enhance the effectiveness of blue water MPAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Costs and economic impacts of expanding marine protected area systems to 30% coverage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
International proposals for marine biodiversity seek to expand marine protected area (MPA) coverage from 8% to 30%, known as 30x30. Quadrupling MPA coverage implies considerably higher MPA system costs and governments need early knowledge of these to inform debate. Ambitious MPA expansion also implies large potential losses or "opportunity costs" for fishers, putting pressure on governments to compromise and permit some fishing inside protected areas (a mixed high/low protection system). Crafting a balanced compromise needs to be informed by model projections of future fisheries outcomes under different protection regimes, climate change scenarios and behavioural adaptations. Here, we develop the first models for management costs at national MPA-system scale. We create scenarios of 30x30 at different compromises around protection strictness. We then examine how both MPA costs and opportunity costs vary with strictness, by simultaneously applying our management cost models and two Marine Ecosystem Models. We find that a no-take (high protection) MPA system could cost just $2 billion/year for the developing world and ~$8 billion overall, but would also create opportunity costs several times larger. A compromise mix of high and medium protection would have much higher MPA costs (e.g. $4.5 billion for the developing world) but much lower opportunity costs, to the point of fisheries actually benefiting in the future. Since lower protection also compromises on biodiversity goals, our results show the trade-offs that political decisions need to consider beyond COP15. More generally, the unusually large opportunity costs show how marine contexts generate very different economic issues from terrestrial ones, by attempting to protect a common pool resource area that envisages no automatic market compensation for income lost to conservation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waldron, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heneghan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steenbeek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coll, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherrer, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.20.517276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Costs and economic impacts of expanding marine protected area systems to 30% coverage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.24.517869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic in vivo compartmentalisation improves metabolic flux and modulates the product profile of promiscuous enzymes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.24.517869v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enzyme spatial organisation and compartmentalisation are naturally evolved mechanisms for facilitating multi-step biocatalysis. We explored the synthetic in vivo co-encapsulation of two different cargo proteins in yeast using a self-assembling virus-like particle. Co-encapsulation was verified using single particle techniques for both end-to-end fusion of the cargo proteins with the encapsulation anchor at one end, and coexpression of each cargo protein with their individual anchors. The co-encapsulation of a bifunctional geranyl diphosphate/farnesyl diphosphate synthase and a bifunctional linalool/nerolidol synthase delivered nerolidol titres up to 30 times that of an unorganised  free enzyme control, a remarkable improvement from a single engineering step. Interestingly, striking differences in the ratio of products (linalool and nerolidol) were observed with each spatial organisation approach. This work presents the largest reported titre fold increases from in vivo enzyme compartmentalisation and suggests that enzyme spatial organisation could be used to modulate the product profile of promiscuous enzymes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheah, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sainsbury, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.24.517869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic in vivo compartmentalisation improves metabolic flux and modulates the product profile of promiscuous enzymes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518615v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigation on key aspects of mating biology in the mosquito Aedes koreicus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518615v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aedes koreicus is a mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) from Northeast Asia with a rapidly expanding presence outside its original native range. Over the years the species has been discovered in several new countries, either spreading after first introduction or remaining localised to limited areas. Notably, recent studies have demonstrated the ability of the species to transmit zoonotic parasites and viruses both in the field and in laboratory settings. Combined with its invasive potential, the possible role of Ae. koreicus in pathogen transmission highlights the public health risks of its invasion. In this study, we used a recently established population from Italy to investigate aspects of biology that influence reproductive success in Ae. koreicus: autogeny, mating behaviour, mating disruption by the sympatric invasive species Aedes albopictus, and the presence of the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis.

Our laboratory population did not exhibit autogenic behaviour and required a blood meal to complete its ovarian cycle. When we exposed Ae. koreicus females to males of Ae. albopictus, we observed repeated attempts at insemination and an aggressive, disruptive mating behaviour initiated by males. Despite this, no sperm was identified in Ae. koreicus spermathecae. Wolbachia was not detected in this Ae. koreicus population and therefore had no effect on Ae. koreicus reproduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ciocchetta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frentiu, F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montarsi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capelli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devine, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.01.518615</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigation on key aspects of mating biology in the mosquito Aedes koreicus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518773v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The landscape of alternative polyadenylation during EMT and its regulation by the RNA-binding protein Quaking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518773v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays important roles in tumour progression and is orchestrated by dynamic changes in gene expression. While it is well established that post-transcriptional regulation plays a significant role in EMT, the extent of alternative polyadenylation (APA) during EMT has not yet been explored. Using 3 end anchored RNA sequencing, we mapped the alternative polyadenylation landscape (APA) following TGF-{beta}-mediated induction of EMT in human mammary epithelial cells and found APA generally causes 3UTR lengthening during this cell state transition. Analysis of the RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI), a splicing factor induced during EMT, revealed enrichment of its binding adjacent to cleavage and polyadenylation sites within 3UTRs. Following QKI knockdown, APA of many transcripts are altered to produce predominantly shorter 3UTRs associated with reduced gene expression. Among these, QKI binds to its own cleavage site to produce a transcript with a longer 3UTR. These findings reveal extensive changes in APA occur during EMT and identify a novel function for QKI in this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neumann, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillman, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dredge, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bert, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bracken, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollier, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selth, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beilharz, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodall, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.01.518773</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The landscape of alternative polyadenylation during EMT and its regulation by the RNA-binding protein Quaking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Australian academic STEMM workplace post-COVID: a picture of disarray 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In 2019 we surveyed Australian early career researchers (ECRs) working in STEMM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine). ECRs almost unanimously declared a "love of research", however, many reported frequent bullying and questionable research practices (QRPs), and that they intended to leave because of poor career stability. We replicated the survey in 2022 to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and sought more information on bullying and QRPs. Here, we compare data from 2019 (658 respondents) and 2022 (530 respondents), and detail poor professional and research conditions experienced by ECRs. Job satisfaction declined (62% versus 57%), workload concerns increased (48.6% versus 60.6%), more indicated "now is a poor time to commence a research career" (65% versus 76%) from 2019 to 2022, and roughly half reported experiencing bullying. Perhaps conditions could be tolerable if the ecosystem were yielding well-trained scientists and high-quality science. Unfortunately, there are signs of poor supervision and high rates of QRPs. ECRs detailed problems likely worthy of investigation, but few (22.4%) felt that their institute would act on a complaint. We conclude by suggesting strategies for ECR mentorship, training, and workforce considerations intended to maintain research excellence in Australia and improve ECR career stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larkins, J.-a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doran, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.06.519378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Australian academic STEMM workplace post-COVID: a picture of disarray]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.518931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic, Functional and Structural Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Evolutionary Innovation within the Sea Anemone 8 Toxin Family 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.518931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ShK from Stichodactyla helianthus has established the therapeutic potential of sea anemone venom peptides, but many lineage-specific toxin families in actinarians remain uncharacterised. One such peptide family, sea anemone 8 (SA8), is present in all five sea anemone superfamilies. We explored the genomic arrangement and evolution of the SA8 gene family in Actinia tenebrosa and Telmatactis stephensoni, characterised the expression patterns of SA8 sequences, and examined the structure and function of SA8 from the venom of T. stephensoni. We identified ten SA8 genes in two clusters and six SA8 genes in five clusters for T. stephensoni and A. tenebrosa, respectively. Nine SA8 T. stephensoni genes were found in a single cluster and an SA8 peptide encoded by an inverted SA8 gene from this cluster was recruited to venom. We show that SA8 genes in both species are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and the inverted SA8 gene has a unique tissue distribution. While functional activity of the SA8 putative toxin encoded by the inverted gene was inconclusive, its tissue localisation is similar to toxins used for predator deterrence. We demonstrate that, although mature SA8 putative toxins have similar cysteine spacing to ShK, SA8 peptides are distinct from ShK peptides based on structure and disulfide connectivity. Our results provide the first demonstration that SA8 is a unique gene family in actiniarians, evolving through a variety of structural changes including tandem and proximal gene duplication and an inversion event that together allowed SA8 to be recruited into the venom of T. stephensoni.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ashwood, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elnahriry, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, Z. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafee, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naseem, M. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szanto, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Burg, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surm, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Undheim, E. A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madio, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wai, D. C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coyne, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philips, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudley, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurwood, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panyi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavasovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prentis, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.518931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic, Functional and Structural Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Evolutionary Innovation within the Sea Anemone 8 Toxin Family]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.519991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transgenic mice overexpressing mutant TDP-43 show aberrant splicing of autism associated gene Zmynd11 prior to onset of motor symptoms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.519991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in TDP-43 are known to cause Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). TDP-43 binds to and regulates splicing of several RNA including Zmynd11. Zmynd11 is a transcriptional repressor and a potential E3 ubiquitin ligase family member, known for its role in neuron and muscle differentiation. Mutations in Zmynd11 have been associated with autism with significant developmental motor delays, intellectual disability, and ataxia. Here, we show that Zmynd11 is aberrantly spliced in the brain and spinal cord of transgenic mice overexpressing a mutant human TDP-43 (A315T), and that these changes occur before the onset of motor symptoms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Narayanan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panwar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cutrupi, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennerson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vucic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasubramaniem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangelsdorf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.11.519991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transgenic mice overexpressing mutant TDP-43 show aberrant splicing of autism associated gene Zmynd11 prior to onset of motor symptoms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520465v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Probing the Biology of Zinc Alpha2-Glycoprotein and the role it plays in cachexia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520465v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cachexia is a metabolic disease that results in drastic weight loss and muscle wasting. 20% of total cancer patients will die due to cachexia related complications. ZAG contributes to the regulation of weight and body fat through lipid and glucose metabolism. In healthy individuals, ZAG exerts a homeostasis effect by inducing lipolysis of adipose tissue to help reduce fat storage and overall weight. ZAG is upregulated in various carcinomas and cancer patients with upregulated ZAG are observed to lose weight rapidly. The mutants of ZAG which are the 4 amino acids Tryptophan 148, Arginine 73, Phenylalanine 101, Isoleucine 76 have all been mutated to Alanine. The effect of mutants and the wild type ZAG can also be found out by conducting experiments. ZAG has a potential lipid binding site that could be imperative to the function of ZAG. A lipolysis colorimetric kit allows us to measure the ZAG variants effects on 3T3 adipose cells to determine what {beta}-adrenoreceptor signaling pathways are being utilized in its lipolytic effect. The Tryptophan-Alanine mutant showed increased lipolysis after 1h treatment than other variants. The time period is also a rate limiting step which can play major factor in lipolysis. The ultimate goal is to identify the ligand(s) and the interactions between them and ZAG. The design of a therapeutic would give patients options of treatments brought about by attenuating the weight loss. With this, it would offer a better prognosis for patients and provide them with a greater quality of life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pandit, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panigrahi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.14.520465</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Probing the Biology of Zinc Alpha2-Glycoprotein and the role it plays in cachexia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards a General Approach for Bat Echolocation Detection and Classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIAcoustic monitoring is an effective and scalable way to assess the health of important bioindicators like bats in the wild. However, the large amounts of resulting noisy data requires accurate tools for automatically determining the presence of different species of interest. Machine learning-based solutions offer the potential to reliably perform this task, but can require expertise in order to train and deploy.
C_LIO_LIWe propose BatDetect2, a novel deep learning-based pipeline for jointly detecting and classifying bat species from acoustic data. Distinct from existing deep learning-based acoustic methods, BatDetect2s outputs are interpretable as they directly indicate at what time and frequency a predicted echolocation call occurs. BatDetect2 also makes use of surrounding temporal information in order to improve its predictions, while still remaining computationally efficient at deployment time.
C_LIO_LIWe present experiments on five challenging datasets, from four distinct geographical regions (UK, Mexico, Australia, and Brazil). BatDetect2 results in a mean average precision of 0.88 for a dataset containing 17 bat species from the UK. This is significantly better than the 0.71 obtained by a traditional call parameter extraction baseline method.
C_LIO_LIWe show that the same pipeline, without any modifications, can be applied to acoustic data from different regions with different species compositions. The data annotation, model training, and evaluation tools proposed will enable practitioners to easily develop and deploy their own models. BatDetect2 lowers the barrier to entry preventing researchers from availing of effective deep learning bat acoustic classifiers. Open source software is provided at:
https://github.com/macaodha/batdetect2
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mac Aodha, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez Balvanera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damstra, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichinski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barataud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boughey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coles, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacomini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mac Swiney G., M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obrist, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.14.520490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards a General Approach for Bat Echolocation Detection and Classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formation and growth characteristics of co-culture tumour spheroids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521515v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Co-culture tumour spheroid experiments are routinely performed to investigate cancer progression and test anti-cancer therapies. Therefore, methods to quantitatively characterise and interpret coculture spheroid growth are of great interest. However, co-culture spheroid growth is complex. Multiple biological processes occur on overlapping timescales and different cell types within the spheroid may have different characteristics, such as differing proliferation rates or responses to nutrient availability. At present there is no standard, widely-accepted mathematical model of such complex spatio-temporal growth processes. Typical approaches to analyse these experiments focus on the late-time temporal evolution of spheroid size and overlook early-time spheroid formation, spheroid structure and geometry. Here, using a range of ordinary differential equation-based mathematical models and parameter estimation, we interpret new co-culture experimental data. We provide new biological insights about spheroid formation, growth, and structure. As part of this analysis we connect Greenspans seminal mathematical model to co-culture data for the first time. Furthermore, we generalise a class of compartment-based spheroid mathematical models that have previously been restricted to one population so they can be applied to multiple populations. As special cases of the general model, we explore multiple natural two population extensions to Greenspans seminal model and reveal biological mechanisms that can describe the internal dynamics of growing co-culture spheroids and those that cannot. This mathematical and statistical modelling-based framework is well-suited to analyse spheroids grown with multiple different cell types and the new class of mathematical models provide opportunities for further mathematical and biological insights.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.21.521515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formation and growth characteristics of co-culture tumour spheroids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.27.522062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exercise rejuvenates the skeletal muscle methylome and transcriptome in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.27.522062v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exercise training prevents age-related decline in muscle function. Targeting epigenetic aging is a promising actionable mechanism and late-life exercise mitigates epigenetic aging in rodent muscle. Whether exercise training can decelerate, or reverse epigenetic aging in humans is unknown. Here, we performed a powerful meta-analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of an unprecedented number of human skeletal muscle samples (n = 3,176). We show that: 1) individuals with higher baseline aerobic fitness have younger epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles, 2) exercise training leads to significant shifts of epigenetic and transcriptomic patterns towards a younger profile, and 3) muscle disuse "ages" the transcriptome. Higher fitness levels were associated with attenuated differential methylation and transcription during aging. Furthermore, both epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles shifted towards a younger state after exercise training interventions, while the transcriptome shifted towards an older state after forced muscle disuse. We demonstrate that exercise training targets many of the age-related transcripts and DNA methylation loci to maintain younger methylome and transcriptome profiles, specifically in genes related to muscle structure, metabolism and mitochondrial function. Our comprehensive analysis will inform future studies aiming to identify the best combination of therapeutics and exercise regimes to optimize longevity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voisin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seale, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacques, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffey, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, J.-L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davison, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asplund, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heikkinen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piirila, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietilainen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollikainen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blocquiaux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharples, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eynon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.27.522062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exercise rejuvenates the skeletal muscle methylome and transcriptome in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.522060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Latent representation of single-cell transcriptomes enables algebraic operations on cellular phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.522060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) coupled with robust computational analysis facilitates the characterization of phenotypic heterogeneity within tumors. Current scRNA-seq analysis pipelines are capable of identifying a myriad of malignant and non-malignant cell subtypes from single-cell profiling of tumors. However, given the extent of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, it is challenging to assess the risk associated with individual cell subpopulations, primarily due to the complexity of the cancer phenotype space and the lack of clinical annotations associated with tumor scRNA-seq studies. To this end, we introduce SCellBOW, a scRNA-seq analysis framework inspired by document embedding techniques from the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP). SCellBOW is a novel computational approach that facilitates effective identification and high-quality visualization of single-cell subpopulations. We compared SCellBOW with existing best practice methods for its ability to precisely represent phenotypically divergent cell types across multiple scRNA-seq datasets, including our in-house generated human splenocyte and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) dataset. For tumor cells, SCellBOW estimates the relative risk associated with each cluster and stratifies them based on their aggressiveness. This is achieved by simulating how the presence or absence of a specific cell subpopulation influences disease prognosis. Using SCellBOW, we identified a hitherto unknown and pervasive AR-/NElow (androgen-receptor-negative, neuroendocrine-low) malignant subpopulation in metastatic prostate cancer with conspicuously high aggressiveness. Overall, the risk-stratification capabilities of SCellBOW hold promise for formulating tailored therapeutic interventions by identifying clinically relevant tumor subpopulations and their impact on prognosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockstroh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roquilly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollier, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahuja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poschmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chawla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solomon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fourgeux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.28.522060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Latent representation of single-cell transcriptomes enables algebraic operations on cellular phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.521993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multi-omic Nicotiana benthamiana resource for fundamental research and biotechnology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.521993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nicotiana benthamiana is an invaluable model plant and biotechnology platform. To further improve its usefulness and versatility, we have produced high quality chromosome level genome assemblies and multi-omic datasets for both the ubiquitously used LAB strain and a distantly related wild accession, QLD, as well as mapping their single nucleotide polymorphisms with two additional laboratory and four additional wild accessions. LAB and QLD have many genetic, functional, and metabolic differences. These coupled with their high inter-fertility and equally efficient transient and stable transformation and genome editing provide a powerful resource partnership. Their [~]3Gb allotetraploid genomes show advanced diploidisation with major chromosome loss and rearrangement, extensive homoeologous gene loss, and widespread segmental allopolyploidy. Recent bursts of Copia mobility, not seen in other Nicotiana genomes, have probably aided N. benthamianas adaptation to a spectrum of Australian ecologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ranawaka, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenc, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aprea, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roden, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlanc, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llaca, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orzaez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bombarely, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bally, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winefield, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giuliano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterhouse, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.30.521993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multi-omic Nicotiana benthamiana resource for fundamental research and biotechnology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The maternal microbiome regulates infant respiratory disease susceptibility via intestinal Flt3L expression and plasmacytoid dendritic cell hematopoiesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe lower respiratory infection (sLRI) are a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality, and predispose to later chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. Poor maternal diet during pregnancy is a risk factor for sLRI in the offspring. Here we demonstrate in mice that a maternal low-fibre diet (LFD) disrupts plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cell (DC) hematopoiesis in the offspring, predisposing to sLRI and subsequent asthma. The LFD alters the composition of the maternal milk microbiome and assembling infant gut microbiome, ablating the induction of a developmental wave of the non-redundant DC growth factor Flt3L by neonatal intestinal epithelial cells. Therapy with a propionate-producing bacteria isolated from the milk of high-fibre diet-fed mothers, or supplementation with propionate, confers protection against sLRI by restoring gut Flt3L expression and pDC hematopoiesis. Our findings identify a microbiome-dependent Flt3L axis in the gut that regulates pDC hematopoiesis in early life and confers disease resistance.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=51 SRC="FIGDIR/small/522516v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (15K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a39990org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b6fe67org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f8440dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13bc67e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sikder, M. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashid, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullah, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werder, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bissell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walpole, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radford, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiko, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Upham, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoelzle, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O Cuiv, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phipps, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.05.522516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The maternal microbiome regulates infant respiratory disease susceptibility via intestinal Flt3L expression and plasmacytoid dendritic cell hematopoiesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.524893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole transcriptome profiling of placental pathobiology in SARS-CoV-2 pregnancies identifies a preeclampsia-like gene signature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.524893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection in pregnancy is associated with higher incidence of placental dysfunction, referred to by a few studies as a "preeclampsia-like syndrome". However, the mechanisms underpinning SARS-CoV-2-induced placental malfunction are still unclear. Here, we investigated whether the transcriptional architecture of the placenta is altered in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

MethodsWe utilized whole-transcriptome, digital spatial profiling, to examine gene expression patterns in placental tissues from participants who contracted SARS-CoV-2 in the third trimester of their pregnancy (n=7) and those collected prior to the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (n=9).

ResultsThrough comprehensive spatial transcriptomic analyses of the trophoblast and villous core stromal cell subpopulations in the placenta, we identified signatures associated with hypoxia and placental dysfunction during SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy. Notably, genes associated with vasodilation (NOS3), oxidative stress (GDF15, CRH), and preeclampsia (FLT1, EGFR, KISS1, PAPPA2), were enriched with SARS-CoV-2. Pathways related to increased nutrient uptake, vascular tension, hypertension, and inflammation, were also enriched in SARS-CoV-2 samples compared to uninfected controls.

ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the utility of spatially resolved transcriptomic analysis in defining the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy, particularly its role in placental dysfunction. Furthermore, this study highlights the significance of digital spatial profiling in mapping the intricate crosstalk between trophoblasts and villous core stromal cells, thus shedding light on pathways associated with placental dysfunction in pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Graphical abstractIn this study, using spatial digital profiling transcriptomic approaches, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy disrupts optimal placental function by altering the genomic architecture of trophoblasts and villous core stromal cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stylianou, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matigian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deohler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monkman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allenby, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockstroh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadeghirad, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobanski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Byrne, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebutini, P. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado-Souza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stonoga, E. T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warkiani, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClements, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Noronha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimaraes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clifton, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulasinghe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.20.524893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole transcriptome profiling of placental pathobiology in SARS-CoV-2 pregnancies identifies a preeclampsia-like gene signature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.523509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry Across the Lifespan using CentileBrain: Algorithm Benchmarking and Model Optimization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.523509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present an empirically benchmarked framework for sex-specific normative modeling of brain morphometry that can inform about the biological and behavioral significance of deviations from typical age-related neuroanatomical changes and support future study designs. This framework was developed using regional morphometric data from 37,407 healthy individuals (53% female; aged 3-90 years) following a comparative evaluation of eight algorithms and multiple covariate combinations pertaining to image acquisition and quality, parcellation software versions, global neuroimaging measures, and longitudinal stability. The Multivariate Factorial Polynomial Regression (MFPR) emerged as the preferred algorithm optimized using nonlinear polynomials for age and linear effects of global measures as covariates. The MFPR models showed excellent accuracy across the lifespan and within distinct age-bins, and longitudinal stability over a 2-year period. The performance of all MFPR models plateaued at sample sizes exceeding 3,000 study participants. The model and scripts described here are freely available through CentileBrain (https://centilebrain.org/).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modabbernia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>New, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asherson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayesa-Arriola, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaschewski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumeister, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgwardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourque, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandeis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodaty, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caseras, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervenka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrod, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo-Facorro, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crivello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crone, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Haan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicaray, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Giorgio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frodl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glahn, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotegerd, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>G</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.523509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry Across the Lifespan using CentileBrain: Algorithm Benchmarking and Model Optimization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low-dimensional dynamics of brain-muscle networks during gait 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Walking is a complex motor activity that requires coordinated interactions between sensory and motor systems. We used mobile EEG and EMG to investigate the brain-muscle networks involved in gait control during overground walking in young, older and individuals with Parkinsons Disease. Dynamic interactions between the sensorimotor cortices and eight leg muscles within a gait cycle were assessed using multivariate analysis. We identified three distinct brain-muscle networks during a gait cycle. These networks include a bilateral network, a left-lateralised network activated during the left swing phase, and a right-lateralised network active during right swing. The trajectories of these networks are contracted in older adults, indicating a reduction in neuromuscular connectivity with age. Individuals with impaired tactile sensitivity of the foot showed a selective enhancement of the bilateral network, possibly reflecting a compensation strategy to maintain gait stability. These findings provide a parsimonious description of interindividual differences in neuromuscular connectivity during gait.

TeaserDynamic network analysis shows how brain-muscle connectivity during gait varies with age and somatosensory function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roeder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breakspear, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boonstra, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.02.526912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low-dimensional dynamics of brain-muscle networks during gait]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.07.527441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial suppressor-of-copper-sensitivity (Scs) proteins exhibit diverse thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase cellular functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.07.527441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disulfide bond (Dsb) proteins catalyse oxidative protein folding governing bacterial survival and virulence. Dsb systems in Escherichia coli K-12 are well-studied, yet what determines dithiol oxidase or disulfide reductase activity remains unknown. Past studies suggest oligomerisation of periplasmic thiol oxidoreductases dictates the direction of thiol catalytic activity. Here, we studied three suppressor-of-copper-sensitivity C (ScsC) Dsb-like proteins known to exist in the reduced state and bind to copper. These proteins adopt different quaternary structures: Salmonella enterica ScsC (StScsC) is monomeric, while ScsC from Proteus mirabilis (PmScsC) and Caulobacter crescentus (CcScsC) are trimeric. When expressed in the model organism E. coli K-12, we showed that all three ScsC proteins exhibit both dithiol oxidation and disulfide reduction activity, despite structural differences. Interestingly, while ScsC reductase function was supported by the canonical E. coli DsbD reductase, oxidase activity depended on environmental oxidation. However, an engineered monomeric PmScsC synergises with E. coli DsbB to gain dithiol oxidase activity at the expense of reductase function. Thus, oligomerisation could be one mechanism by which ScsC proteins avoid interactions with the periplasmic thiol oxidase pathway. This tightly controls their re-oxidation and maintains ScsC proteins in the reduced state required for binding and sequestering toxic levels of cellular copper.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paxman, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heras, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.07.527441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial suppressor-of-copper-sensitivity (Scs) proteins exhibit diverse thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase cellular functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.528973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linguistic and attentional factors -not statistical regularities- contribute to word-selective neural responses with FPVS-oddball paradigms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.528973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In recent years, a fast periodic oddball-like paradigm has proved to be highly sensitive to measure category-selective visual word representation and characterize its development and neural basis. In this approach, deviant words are inserted in rapid streams of base stimuli every nth occurrence (e.g., Lochy et al., 2015). To understand the nature of word-selective representation and improve its measurement, we tested 22 adults with EEG, assessing the impact of discrimination coarseness (deviant words among nonwords or pseudowords), the relative frequency of item repetition (set size or item repetition controlled for deviant vs. base stimuli), and the nature of the orthogonal attentional task (focused or deployed spatial attention). In all stimulation sequences, base stimuli were presented at 10 Hz, with words inserted every 5 stimuli generating word-selective responses in the EEG spectra at 2 Hz and harmonics. Word-selective occipito-temporal responses were robust at the individual level, left-lateralized and sensitive to wordlikeness of base stimuli, being stronger in the coarser categorical contrast (among nonwords). Amplitudes were not affected by item repetition, showing that implicit statistical learning about a relative token frequency difference for deviant stimuli does not contribute to the word-selective neural activity, at least with relatively large stimulus set sizes (n=30). Finally, the broad attentional deployment task produced stronger responses than a focused task, an important finding for future studies in the field. Taken together, these results confirm the linguistic nature of word-selective responses, strengthen the validity and increase the sensitivity of the FPVS-EEG oddball paradigm to measure visual word recognition.

HighlightsO_LIWord-selective responses measured in fast periodic visual stimulation with EEG are linguistic in nature
C_LIO_LIWord-selective responses reflect prelexical or lexical processes depending on the contrast (words in nonwords or pseudowords respectively)
C_LIO_LIUsing sufficiently large sets (30 items) prevents the extraction of statistical regularities and hence, statistical learning
C_LIO_LIUsing an orthogonal task involving broad, rather than focused, spatial attention increases amplitude of the neural responses
C_LIO_LISensitivity of the paradigm to detect significant responses at the individual level is very good (95% for prelexical and about 80% for lexical word responses)
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lochy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossion, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambon Ralph, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volfart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauk, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiltz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.20.528973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linguistic and attentional factors -not statistical regularities- contribute to word-selective neural responses with FPVS-oddball paradigms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active site mutations of F420-dependent alkene reductases reverse stereoselectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ene-reductases from the Flavin/Deazaflavin Oxidoreductase (FDOR) family have potential value in biocatalysis as they typically exhibit complementary stereoselectivity to the widely utilized Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family, yet they are comparatively poorly understood at a mechanistic level. Here, we use a rational design approach to generate a library of 46 active site mutants of two FDORs from Mycobacterium smegmatis and examine the effects on conversion and stereoselectivity against a panel of substrates. Analysis of the effects of these mutations on stereoselectivity across all substrates revealed that the catalytic mechanism is highly sensitive to the polarity of the immediate active site. A conserved active site tyrosine in these enzymes, which does not serve as the proton donor, strongly affects stereochemical outcomes with C- (but not C{beta}-) substituted substrates. Notably, a Tyr-Met mutation at this position reversed the diastereomeric excess (de) with (R)-carvone from 85.3% to -17.3% (cis/trans). Additionally, this mutation significantly increases activity with (1S)- verbenone. Finally, we show that the altered stereoselectivity is not due to a "flipped" substrate binding mode in these mutants, but rather that the hydrogenation mode is altered to favor syn relative to anti addition. These results show that the FDORs are highly engineerable and that, despite their superficial similarity, the OYE and FDOR families differ in crucial mechanistic aspects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoney, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupton, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.21.529347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active site mutations of F420-dependent alkene reductases reverse stereoselectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of further variation at the lipooligosaccharide outer core locus in Acinetobacter baumannii genomes and extension of the OCL reference sequence database for Kaptive 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The outer core locus (OCL) that includes genes for the synthesis of the variable outer core region of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is one of the key epidemiological markers used for tracing the spread of Acinetobacter baumannii, a bacterial pathogen of global concern. In this study, we screened 12476 publicly available A. baumannii genome assemblies for novel OCL sequences, detecting six new OCL types that were designated OCL17-OCL22. These were compiled with previously characterised OCL to create an updated version of the A. baumannii OCL reference database, providing a total of 22 OCL reference sequences for use with the bioinformatics tool, Kaptive. Use of this database against the 12476 downloaded assemblies found OCL1 to be the most common locus, present in 73.6% of sequenced genomes assigned by Kaptive with a match confidence score of  Good or above. OCL1 was most common amongst isolates belonging to sequence types, ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST78, all of which are over-represented clonal lineages associated with extensive antibiotic resistance. The highest level of diversity in OCL types was found in ST2, with eight different OCL identified. The updated OCL reference database is available for download from GitHub (https://github.com/katholt/Kaptive; under version v 2.0.5), and has been integrated for use on Kaptive-Web (https://kaptive-web.erc.monash.edu/) and PathogenWatch (https://pathogen.watch/), enhancing current methods for A. baumannii strain identification, classification and surveillance.

IMPACT STATEMENTIn the absence of effective treatment options for multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, the highest-ranking critical priority bacterial pathogen of global concern, national and global surveillance is necessary to detect, track and subsequently curb the spread of isolates that resist current therapies. Several epidemiological markers are used to characterise A. baumannii strains by detecting genetic differences in specific regions of the genome. One of these is the chromosomal OC locus (OCL) responsible for the synthesis of the outer core (OC) component of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Here, we provide an update to the international A. baumannii OCL reference sequence database, extending the number of known OCL types to assist with clinical surveillance of important strains or clonal lineages.

Data summaryO_LIThe updated A. baumannii OCL reference sequence database including 22 annotated OCL sequences is available for download under Kaptive v. 2.0.5 at https://github.com/katholt/Kaptive.
C_LIO_LIGenome assemblies or GenBank records used as representative reference sequences are listed in Table 1 and acknowledged in each record in the database.
C_LI

O_TBL View this table:
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d32ff1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f0af8borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@94f185org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7c8b7aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a93255_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_TBL O_FLOATNOTable 1.C_FLOATNO O_TABLECAPTIONInformation on A. baumannii OCL reference sequences used to populate the updated OCL database for Kaptive v 2.0.5

C_TABLECAPTION C_TBL
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sorbello, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahill, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenyon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of further variation at the lipooligosaccharide outer core locus in Acinetobacter baumannii genomes and extension of the OCL reference sequence database for Kaptive]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-species proteomic and microRNA comparison of extracellular vesicles in human milk, cows milk, and infant formula products: moving towards next generation infant formula products. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Milk and milk products such as infant formula (IF) play a fundamental role in serving the nutritional needs of the developing infant. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in human (HM) and cows milk (CM) contain molecular cargo such as proteins and micro(mi)RNA that serve as functional messengers between cells and may be of importance to infant health. Here, we have developed a pipeline using advanced proteomics and transcriptomics to enable cross-species comparison of milk and IF EVs. EVs from HM, CM and IF were subjected to data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry and RNA-seq. Differentially abundant proteins (143) and miRNAs (514) were identified in HM and CM EVs, and CM EV proteins and miRNAs were preserved in IF EVs ([~]20% protein; [~]90% miRNA). We foresee this work to be used in large scale studies to determine biologically relevant species-specific differences in milk EVs that could be leveraged to improve IF products.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turner, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abeysinghe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadowski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-species proteomic and microRNA comparison of extracellular vesicles in human milk, cows milk, and infant formula products: moving towards next generation infant formula products.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a Micropeptide Linked to Cancer Stem Cell Regulation and Chemoresistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.14.532696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short open reading frames encoding micropeptides (miPEPs) less than 100 amino acids in length have recently emerged as important regulators of diverse biological functions. However, the functional role of cancer-specific miPEPs in cancer progression and therapeutic response remains largely unexplored. Genome-wide association studies have identified an association of Iroquois (IRX) clusters with multiple cancer risk. In this study, we identified 17 miPEPs generated from IRX clusters in prostate, breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers using SWATH-MS/MS-based proteomic analysis. We found that IRX4-derived miPEP, IRX4_PEP1, promotes prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by interacting with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK). Overexpression of IRX4_PEP1 leads to dysregulation of stem cell pathways by co-interaction with Catenin beta-1 (CTNB1) and upregulation of prominent PCa stem markers, resulting in docetaxel resistance in PCa. IRX4_PEP1 expression is significantly upregulated in prostate tumour tissues compared to normal and is positively correlated with disease aggressiveness.

SIGNIFICANCEOur findings highlight the critical role of IRX4_PEP1 in regulating PCa stem cells and chemotherapy resistance and suggest it as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PCa. Moreover, IRX4_PEP1 expression can serve as a novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PCa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Batra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernando, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liyanage, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janaththani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.14.532696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a Micropeptide Linked to Cancer Stem Cell Regulation and Chemoresistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.05.535558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive diversity in Escherichia coli Group 3 capsules is driven by recombination and plasmid transfer from multiple species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.05.535558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial capsules provide protection against environmental challenges and host immunity. Historically, Escherichia coli K serotyping scheme, which relies on the hypervariable capsules, has identified around 80 K forms that fall into four distinct groups. Based on recent work by us and others, we predicted that E. coli capsular diversity is grossly underestimated. We exploited Group 3 capsule gene clusters, the best genetically defined capsule group in E. coli, to analyse publicly available E. coli sequences for overlooked capsular diversity within the species. We report the discovery of seven novel Group 3 clusters that fall into two distinct subgroups (3A and 3B). The majority of the 3B capsule clusters were found on plasmids, contrary to the defining feature of Group 3 capsule genes localising at the serA locus on the E. coli chromosome. Other new Group 3 capsule clusters were derived from ancestral sequences through recombination events between shared genes found within the serotype variable central region 2. Intriguingly, flanking regions 1 and 3, known to be conserved areas among capsule clusters, showed considerable intra-subgroup variation in clusters from the 3B subgroup, containing genes of shared ancestry with other Enterobacteriaceae species. Variation of Group 3 kps clusters within dominant E. coli lineages, including multi-drug-resistant pathogenic lineages, further supports that E. coli capsules are undergoing rigorous change. Given the pivotal role of capsular polysaccharides in phage predation, our findings raise attention to the need of monitoring kps evolutionary dynamics in pathogenic E. coli in supporting phage therapy.

IMPORTANCECapsular polysaccharides protect pathogenic bacteria against environmental challenges, host immunity, and phage predations. The historical Escherichia coli K typing scheme, which relies on the hypervariable capsular polysaccharide, has identified around 80 different K forms that fall into four distinct groups. Taking advantage of the supposedly compact and genetically well-defined Group 3 gene clusters, we analysed published E. coli sequences to identify seven new gene clusters and revealed an unexpected capsular diversity. Genetic analysis revealed that Group 3 gene clusters shared closely related serotype-specific region 2 and were diversified through recombination events and plasmid transfer between multiple Enterobacteriaceae species. Overall, capsular polysaccharides in E. coli are undergoing rigorous change. Given the pivotal role capsules play in phage interactions, this work highlighted the need to monitor the evolutionary dynamics of capsules in pathogenic E. coli for effective phage therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forga, X. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.05.535558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive diversity in Escherichia coli Group 3 capsules is driven by recombination and plasmid transfer from multiple species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.05.535734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Second-order Citations in Altmetrics: A Case Study Analyzing the Audiences of COVID-19 Research in the News and on Social Media 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.05.535734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The potential to capture the societal impact of research has been a driving motivation for the use and development of altmetrics. Yet, to date, altmetrics have largely failed to deliver on this potential because the primary audience who cites research on social media has been shown to be academics themselves. In response, our study investigates an extension of traditional altmetric approaches that goes beyond capturing direct mentions of research on social media. Using research articles from the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, we demonstrate the value of measuring  second-order citations, or social media mentions of news coverage of research. We find that a sample of these citations, published by just five media outlets, were shared and engaged with on social media twice as much as the research articles themselves. Moreover, first-order and second-order citations circulated among Twitter accounts and Facebook accounts that were largely distinct from each other. The differences in audiences and engagement patterns found in this case study highlight the importance of news coverage as a public source of science information and provide strong evidence that investigating these second-order citations can be an effective way of observing non-academic audiences that engage with research content.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alperin, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleerackers, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riedlinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haustein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.05.535734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Second-order Citations in Altmetrics: A Case Study Analyzing the Audiences of COVID-19 Research in the News and on Social Media]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.537076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting Distant Recurrences in Invasive Breast Carcinoma Patients Using Clinicopathological Data: A cross-institutional and AI-based study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.537076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer ranks second in the most common cancer in women worldwide with 30% of cases resulting into recurrence of the disease at distant organs post the treatment. While clinicians have utilized several clinicopathological measurements for prediction of distant recurrences in invasive breast carcinoma (IBC), none of those studies have showcased the potential of combining clinicopathological evaluations of IBC tumors pre and post therapies using machine learning (ML) or artificially intelligent (AI) models to predict the distant recurrence of the disease in respective patients. The goal of our study was to determine whether classification-based ML/AI techniques can predict distant recurrences in IBC patients using key clinicopathological measurements that includes pathological staging of tumor and surrounding lymph nodes deemed both pre- and post-neoadjuvant therapy, imaging-based therapy responses, and the status of adjuvant therapy administered to patients. We trained and tested clinicopathological ML/AI model using dataset from Duke University and validated it using external dataset from Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC). Random Forest (RF) model performed best compared to C-Support Vector Classifier (SVC) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) yielding AUC ranging 0.75-1.0 (p<0.002) across both the institutions, thereby demonstrating the cross-institutional portability and validity of ML/AI models in the field of clinical research in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nagaraj, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukhadia, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Workman, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.16.537076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting Distant Recurrences in Invasive Breast Carcinoma Patients Using Clinicopathological Data: A cross-institutional and AI-based study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluid-Structure Interactions of Peripheral Arteries Using a Coupled in silico and in vitro Approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vascular compliance is considered both a cause and a consequence of cardiovascular disease and a significant factor in the mid- and long-term patency of vascular grafts. However, the biomechanical effects of localised changes in compliance, such as during plaque development or after bypass grafting and stenting, cannot be satisfactorily studied with the available medical imaging technologies or surgical simulation materials. To address this unmet need, we developed a coupled silico-vitro platform which allows for the validation of numerical fluid-structure interaction (FSI) results as a numerical model and physical prototype. This numerical one-way and two-way FSI study is based on a three-dimensional computer model of an idealised femoral artery which is validated against patient measurements derived from the literature. The numerical results are then compared with experimental values collected from compliant arterial phantoms. Phantoms within a compliance range of 1.4 - 68.0%/100mmHg were fabricated via additive manufacturing and silicone casting, then mechanically characterised via ring tensile testing and optical analysis under direct pressurisation with differences in measured compliance ranging between 10 - 20% for the two methods. One-way FSI coupling underestimated arterial wall compliance by up to 14.71% compared to two-way FSI modelling. Overall, Smooth-On Solaris matched the compliance range of the numerical and in vivo patient models most closely out of the tested silicone materials. Our approach is promising for vascular applications where mechanical compliance is especially important, such as the study of diseases which commonly affect arterial wall stiffness, such as atherosclerosis, and the model-based design, surgical training, and optimisation of vascular prostheses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schoenborn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletcher, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirola, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allenby, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.17.537257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluid-Structure Interactions of Peripheral Arteries Using a Coupled in silico and in vitro Approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pharmacological Induction of mesenchymal-epithelial transition chemosensitizes breast cancer cells and prevents metastatic progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program co-opted by tumor cells that aids the initiation of the metastatic cascade. Tumor cells that undergo EMT are relatively chemoresistant, and there are currently no therapeutic avenues specifically targeting cells that have acquired mesenchymal traits. We show that treatment of mesenchymal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells with the microtubule-destabilizing chemotherapeutic eribulin, which is FDA-approved for the treatment of advanced breast cancer, leads to a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). This MET is accompanied by loss of metastatic propensity and sensitization to subsequent treatment with other FDA-approved chemotherapeutics. We uncover a novel epigenetic mechanism of action that supports eribulin pretreatment as a path to MET induction that curtails metastatic progression and the evolution of therapy resistance.

SummaryWhile the advent of targeted therapy has led to vast improvements in outcomes for certain types of breast cancer, a mainstay for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains cytotoxic chemotherapy. A major clinical hurdle in successfully managing this disease is the eventual development of therapeutic resistance and disease relapse in more aggressive forms. Our data reveal that epigenetic modulation of EMT state using the FDA-approved therapeutic eribulin curtails metastatic propensity of breast tumors and, when administered in the treatment-naive setting, sensitizes to subsequent treatment with other chemotherapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bagheri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed Saleem, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ognjenovic, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolling, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaCroix, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagaraj, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerber, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattabiraman, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.19.537586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pharmacological Induction of mesenchymal-epithelial transition chemosensitizes breast cancer cells and prevents metastatic progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.538357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imetelstat-Mediated Alterations in Fatty Acid Metabolism To Induce Ferroptosis As Therapeutic Strategy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.538357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomerase enables replicative immortality in most cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Imetelstat is a first-in-class telomerase inhibitor with clinical efficacy in myelofibrosis and myelodysplastic syndromes. Here, we develop an AML patient-derived xenograft (PDX) resource, and perform integrated genomics, transcriptomics, and lipidomics analyses combined with functional genetics to identify key mediators of imetelstat efficacy. In a randomized Phase II-like preclinical trial in PDX, imetelstat effectively diminishes AML burden, and preferentially targets subgroups containing mutant NRAS and oxidative stress-associated gene expression signatures. Unbiased, genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 editing identifies ferroptosis regulators as key mediators of imetelstat efficacy. Imetelstat promotes the formation of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids, causing excessive levels of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis diminishes imetelstat efficacy. We leverage these mechanistic insights to develop an optimized therapeutic strategy using oxidative stress-inducing chemotherapy to sensitize patient samples to imetelstat causing significant disease control in AML.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bruedigam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vroeg in de Wei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoll, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straube, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahl, V. F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobinoff, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, V. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jebaraj, B. M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janardhanan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haldar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bray, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bullinger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heidel, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickett, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdel-Wahab, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.25.538357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imetelstat-Mediated Alterations in Fatty Acid Metabolism To Induce Ferroptosis As Therapeutic Strategy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
O antigen biogenesis sensitises Escherichia coli K-12 to bile salts, a likely cause for how it lost its O antigen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Escherichia coli K-12 is a model organism for bacteriology and has served as a workhorse for molecular biology and biochemistry for over a century since its first isolation in 1922. However, Escherichia coli K-12 strains are phenotypically devoid of an O antigen (OAg) since early reports in the scientific literature. Recent studies reported the presence of independent mutations that abolish OAg biogenesis in E. coli K-12 strains from the same original source, suggesting unknown evolutionary forces have selected for loss of OAg during the early propagation of K-12. Here, we show for the first time that restoration of OAg in E. coli K-12 strain MG1655 synergistically sensitises bacteria to vancomycin with bile salts (VBS). Suppressor mutants surviving lethal doses of VBS mostly contained disruptions in OAg biogenesis. We present data supporting a model where the transient presence and accumulation of lipid-carried OAg intermediates in the bacterial periplasm interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis, causing growth defects that are synergistically enhanced by bile salts. Lastly, we demonstrate that continuous bile salt exposure of OAg-producing MG1655 in the laboratory, can recreate a scenario where OAg disruption is selected for. Hence our work provides a likely explanation for the long-held mystery of how E. coli K-12 lost its OAg production and opens new avenues for exploring long-standing questions on the intricate network coordinating the synthesis of different cell envelope components in Gram-negative bacteria.

Significance statementEscherichia coli K-12 is the most studied microorganism, widely used in laboratories for studying bacteriology and as a tool for molecular biology. The reason why it is devoid of O antigen remains a long-standing question. Our work has uncovered a previously unknown selection pressure of bile salts on bacterial O antigen biogenesis, which provides a plausible scenario for how the early propagation of E. coli K-12 strains in bile salt containing media could have led to loss of O antigen in K-12. Our results also suggest that the accumulation of O antigen intermediates in the bacterial periplasm may interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis, which paves a new research direction into the interplay of different cell envelope component synthesis pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morona, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.08.539823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[O antigen biogenesis sensitises Escherichia coli K-12 to bile salts, a likely cause for how it lost its O antigen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/207688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accelerated DNA methylation aging and increased resilience in veterans: the biological cost for soldiering on 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/207688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accelerated epigenetic aging, the difference between the DNA methylation-predicted age (DNAm age) and the chronological age, is associated with a myriad of diseases. This study investigates the relationship between epigenetic aging and risk and protective factors of PTSD. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed in 211 individuals including combat-exposed Australian veterans (discovery cohort, n = 96 males) and trauma-exposed civilian males from the Grady Trauma Project (replication cohort, n = 115 males). Primary measures included the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC). DNAm age prediction was performed using the validated epigenetic clock calculator. Veterans with PTSD had increased PTSD symptom severity (P-value = 3.75 x 10-34) and lower CDRISC scores (P-value = 7.5 x 10-8) than veterans without PTSD. DNAm age was significantly correlated with the chronological age (P-value = 3.3 x 10-6), but DNAm age acceleration was not different between the PTSD and non-PTSD groups (P-value = 0.24). Evaluating potential protective factors, we found that DNAm age acceleration was significantly associated with CDRISC resilience scores in veterans with PTSD, these results remained significant after multiple testing correction (P-value = 0.023; r = 0.32). This finding was also replicated in an independent trauma-exposed civilian cohort (P-value = 0.02; r = 0.23). Post-hoc factor analyses revealed that this association was driven by "self-efficacy" items within the CDRISC (P-value = 0.015). These results suggest that among individuals already suffering from PTSD, some aspects of increased resilience might come at a biological cost.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mehta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruenig, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawford, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo-Roa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binder, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voisey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/207688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accelerated DNA methylation aging and increased resilience in veterans: the biological cost for soldiering on]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/219204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discrete and continuum approximations for collective cell migration in a scratch assay with cell size dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/219204v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scratch assays are routinely used to study the collective spreading of cell populations. In general, the rate at which a population of cells spreads is driven by the combined effects of cell migration and proliferation. To examine the effects of cell migration separately from the effects of cell proliferation, scratch assays are often performed after treating the cells with a drug that inhibits proliferation. Mitomycin-C is a drug that is commonly used to suppress cell proliferation in this context. However, in addition to suppressing cell proliferation, Mitomycin-C also causes cells to change size during the experiment, as each cell in the population approximately doubles in size as a result of treatment. Therefore, to describe a scratch assay that incorporates the effects of cell-to-cell crowding, cell-to-cell adhesion, and dynamic changes in cell size, we present a new stochastic model that incorporates these mechanisms. Our agent-based stochastic model takes the form of a system of Langevin equations that is the system of stochastic differential equations governing the evolution of the population of agents. We incorporate a time-dependent interaction force that is used to mimic the dynamic increase in size of the agents. To provide a mathematical description of the average behaviour of the stochastic model we present continuum limit descriptions using both a standard mean-field approximation, and a more sophisticated moment dynamics approximation that accounts for the density of agents and density of pairs of agents in the stochastic model. Comparing the accuracy of the two continuum descriptions for a typical scratch assay geometry shows that the incorporation of agent growth in the system is associated with a decrease in accuracy of the standard mean-field description. In contrast, the moment dynamics description provides a more accurate prediction of the evolution of the scratch assay when the increase in size of individual agents is included in the model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matsiaka, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penington, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/219204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discrete and continuum approximations for collective cell migration in a scratch assay with cell size dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/225243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Instructive starPEG-Heparin biohybrid 3D cultures for modeling human neural stem cell plasticity, neurogenesis, and neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/225243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three-dimensional models of human neural development and neurodegeneration are crucial when exploring stem-cell-based regenerative therapies in a tissue-mimetic manner. However, existing 3D culture systems are not sufficient to model the inherent plasticity of NSCs due to their ill-defined composition and lack of controllability of the physical properties. Adapting a glycosaminoglycan-based, cell-responsive hydrogel platform, we stimulated primary and induced human neural stem cells (NSCs) to manifest neurogenic plasticity and form extensive neuronal networks in vitro. The 3D cultures exhibited neurotransmitter responsiveness, electrophysiological activity, and tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. By whole transcriptome sequencing, we identified that 3D cultures express mature neuronal markers, and reflect the in vivo make-up of mature cortical neurons compared to 2D cultures. Thus, our data suggest that our established 3D hydrogel culture supports the tissue-mimetic maturation of human neurons. We also exemplarily modeled neurodegenerative conditions by treating the cultures with A{beta}42 peptide and observed the known human pathological effects of Alzheimers disease including reduced NSC proliferation, impaired neuronal network formation, synaptic loss and failure in ECM deposition as well as elevated Tau hyperphosphorylation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. We determined the changes in transcriptomes of primary and induced NSC-derived neurons after A{beta}42, providing a useful resource for further studies. Thus, our hydrogel-based human cortical 3D cell culture is a powerful platform for studying various aspects of neural development and neurodegeneration, as exemplified for A{beta}42 toxicity and neurogenic stem cell plasticity.nnSignificanceNeural stem cells (NSC) are reservoir for new neurons in human brains, yet they fail to form neurons after neurodegeneration. Therefore, understanding the potential use of NSCs for stem cell-based regenerative therapies requires tissue-mimetic humanized experimental systems. We report the adaptation of a 3D bio-instructive hydrogel culture system where human NSCs form neurons that later form networks in a controlled microenvironment. We also modeled neurodegenerative toxicity by using Amyloid-beta4 peptide, a hallmark of Alzheimers disease, observed phenotypes reminiscent of human brains, and determined the global gene expression changes during development and degeneration of neurons. Thus, our reductionist humanized culture model will be an important tool to address NSC plasticity, neurogenicity, and network formation in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Papadimitriou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosacak, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashkaryan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celikkaya, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bray, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollak, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antos, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedrichs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenberg, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizil, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/225243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Instructive starPEG-Heparin biohybrid 3D cultures for modeling human neural stem cell plasticity, neurogenesis, and neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/231100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extended logistic growth model for heterogeneous populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/231100v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell proliferation is the most important cellular-level mechanism responsible for regulating cell population dynamics in living tissues. Modern experimental procedures show that the proliferation rates of individual cells can vary significantly within the same cell line. However, in the mathematical biology literature, cell proliferation is typically modelled using a classical logistic equation which neglects variations in the proliferation rate. In this work, we consider a discrete mathematical model of cell migration and cell proliferation, modulated by volume exclusion (crowding) effects, with variable rates of proliferation across the total population. We refer to this variability as heterogeneity. Constructing the continuum limit of the discrete model leads to a generalisation of the classical logistic growth model. Comparing numerical solutions of the model to averaged data from discrete simulations shows that the new model captures the key features of the discrete process. Applying the extended logistic model to simulate a proliferation assay using rates from recent experimental literature shows that neglecting the role of heterogeneity can, at times, lead to misleading results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/231100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extended logistic growth model for heterogeneous populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/238303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mathematical models for cell migration with real-time cell cycle dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/238303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator, also known as FUCCI, allows the visualisation of the G1 and S/G2/M cell cycle phases of individual cells. FUCCI consists of two fluorescent probes, so that cells in the G1 phase fluoresce red and cells in the S/G2/M phase fluoresce green. FUCCI reveals real-time information about cell cycle dynamics of individual cells, and can be used to explore how the cell cycle relates to the location of individual cells, local cell density, and different cellular microenvironments. In particular, FUCCI is used in experimental studies examining cell migration, such as malignant invasion and wound healing. Here we present new mathematical models which can describe cell migration and cell cycle dynamics as indicated by FUCCI. The fundamental model describes the two cell cycle phases, G1 and S/G2/M, which FUCCI directly labels. The extended model includes a third phase, early S, which FUCCI indirectly labels. We present experimental data from scratch assays using FUCCI-transduced melanoma cells, and show that the predictions of spatial and temporal patterns of cell density in the experiments can be described by the fundamental model. We obtain numerical solutions of both the fundamental and extended models, which can take the form of travelling waves. These solutions are mathematically interesting because they are a combination of moving wavefronts and moving pulses. We derive and confirm a simple analytical expression for the minimum wave speed, as well as exploring how the wave speed depends on the spatial decay rate of the initial condition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vittadello, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/238303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mathematical models for cell migration with real-time cell cycle dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/243493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal expression profiling of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in patients with active to quiescent Giant Cell Arteritis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/243493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGiant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of vasculitis affecting elderly people. It is one of the few true ophthalmic emergencies. GCA is a heterogenous disease, symptoms and signs are variable thereby making it challenging to diagnose and often delaying diagnosis. A temporal artery biopsy is the gold standard to test for GCA, and there are currently no specific biochemical markers to categorize or aid diagnosis of the disease. We aimed to identify a less invasive method to confirm the diagnosis of GCA, as well as to ascertain clinically relevant predictive biomarkers by studying the transcriptome of purified peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with GCA.nnMethods and FindingsWe recruited 16 patients with histological evidence of GCA at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH), Melbourne, Australia, and aimed to collect blood samples at six time points: acute phase, 2-3 weeks, 6-8 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after clinical diagnosis. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were positively selected at each time point through magnetic-assisted cell sorting (MACS). RNA was extracted from all 195 collected samples for subsequent RNA sequencing. The expression profiles of patients were compared to those of 16 age-matched controls. Over the 12-month study period, polynomial modelling analyses identified 179 and 4 statistically significant transcripts with altered expression profiles (FDR < 0.05) between cases and controls in CD4+ and CD8+ populations, respectively. In CD8+ cells, we identified two transcripts that remained differentially expressed after 12 months, namely SGTB, associated with neuronal apoptosis, and FCGR3A, which has been found in association with Takayasu arteritis (TA), another large vessel vasculitis. We detected genes that correlate with both symptoms and biochemical markers used in the acute setting for predicting long-term prognosis. 15 genes were shared across 3 phenotypes in CD4 and 16 across CD8 cells. In CD8, IL32 was common to 5 phenotypes: a history of Polymyalgia Rheumatica, both visual disturbance and raised neutrophils at the time of presentation, bilateral blindness and death within 12 months. Altered IL32 gene expression could provide risk evaluation of GCA diagnosis at the time of presentation and give an indication of prognosis, which may influence management.nnConclusionsThis is the first longitudinal gene expression study undertaken to identify robust transcriptomic biomarkers of GCA. Our results show cell type-specific transcript expression profiles, novel gene-phenotype associations, and uncover important biological pathways for this disease. These data significantly enhance the current knowledge of relevant biomarkers, their association with clinical prognostic markers, as well as potential candidates for detecting disease activity in whole blood samples. In the acute phase, the gene-phenotype relationships we have identified could provide insight to potential disease severity and as such guide us in initiating appropriate patient management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Smit, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukowski, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senabouth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dauyey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyse, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuen, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pebay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewitt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/243493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal expression profiling of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in patients with active to quiescent Giant Cell Arteritis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three-dimensional experiments and individual based simulations show that cell proliferation drives melanoma nest formation in human skin tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/244582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMelanoma can be diagnosed by identifying nests of cells on the skin surface. Understanding the processes that drive nest formation is important as these processes could be potential targets for new cancer drugs. Cell proliferation and cell migration are two potential mechanisms that could conceivably drive melanoma nest formation. However, it is unclear which one of these two putative mechanisms plays a dominant role in driving nest formation.nnResultsWe use a suite of three-dimensional (3D) experiments in human skin tissue and a parallel series of 3D individual-based simulations to explore whether cell migration or cell proliferation plays a dominant role in nest formation. In the experiments we measure nest formation in populations of irradiated (non-proliferative) and non-irradiated (proliferative) melanoma cells, cultured together with primary keratinocyte and fibroblast cells on a 3D experimental human skin model. Results show that nest size depends on initial cell number and is driven primarily by cell proliferation rather than cell migration.nnConclusionsWe find that nest size depends on initial cell number, and is driven primarily by cell proliferation rather than cell migration. All experimental results are consistent with simulation data from a 3D individual based model (IBM) of cell migration and cell proliferation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haridas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGovern, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElwain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/244582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three-dimensional experiments and individual based simulations show that cell proliferation drives melanoma nest formation in human skin tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/246116v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using paired serology and surveillance data to quantify dengue transmission and control during a large outbreak in Fiji 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/246116v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dengue is a major health burden, but it can be challenging to examine transmission dynamics and evaluate control measures because outbreaks depend on multiple factors, including human population structure, prior immunity and climate. We combined population-representative paired sera collected before and after the major 2013/14 dengue-3 outbreak in Fiji with surveillance data to determine how such factors influence dengue virus transmission and control in island settings. Our results suggested the 10-19 year-old age group had the highest risk of acquiring infection, but we did not find strong evidence that other demographic or environmental risk factors were linked to seroconversion. Mathematical modelling showed that temperature-driven variation in transmission and herd immunity could not fully explain observed dynamics. However, there was evidence of an additional reduction in transmission coinciding with a vector clean-up campaign, which may have contributed to the decline in cases and prevented transmission continuing into the following season.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kucharski, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanhomwegen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manuguerra, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edmunds, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaskov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilles, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao-Lormeau, V.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibberd, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/246116</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using paired serology and surveillance data to quantify dengue transmission and control during a large outbreak in Fiji]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/251520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The soft explosive model of placental mammal evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/251520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent molecular dating estimates for placental mammals echo fossil inferences for an explosive interordinal diversification, but typically place this event some 10-20 million years earlier than the Paleocene fossils, among apparently more "primitive" mammal faunas. However, current models of molecular evolution do not adequately account for parallel rate changes, and result in dramatic divergence underestimates for large, long-lived mammals such as whales and hominids. Calibrating among these taxa shifts the rate model errors deeper in the tree, inflating interordinal divergence estimates. We employ simulations based on empirical rate variation, which show that this "error-shift inflation" can explain previous molecular dating overestimates relative to fossil inferences. Molecular dating accuracy is substantially improved in the simulations by focusing on calibrations for taxa that retain plesiomorphic life-history characteristics. Applying this strategy to the empirical data favours the soft explosive model of placental evolution, in line with traditional palaeontological interpretations - a few Cretaceous placental lineages give rise to a rapid interordinal diversification following the 66 Ma Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary mass extinction. Our soft explosive model for the diversification of placental mammals brings into agreement previously incongruous molecular, fossil, and ancestral life history estimates, and closely aligns with a growing consensus for a similar model for bird evolution. We show that recent criticism of the soft explosive model relies on ignoring both experimental controls and statistical confidence, as well as misrepresentation, and inconsistent interpretations of morphological phylogeny. More generally, we suggest that the evolutionary properties of adaptive radiations may leave current molecular dating methods susceptible to overestimating the timing of major diversification events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phillips, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fruciano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/251520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The soft explosive model of placental mammal evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/253799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A survey on information sources used by academic researchers to evaluate scientific instruments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/253799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most scientific research is fueled by research equipment (instruments); typically hardware purchased to suit a particular research question. Examples range from 17th century microscopes to modern particle colliders and high-throughput sequencers. Here, we studied the information sources used by academic researchers to assess scientific instruments, and reveal evidence of a worrying confluence of incentives similar to those that drove the biopharmaceutical industry to adopt controversial practices such as ghostwriting and hidden sponsorship. Our findings suggest there are little understood incentives against disclosure in the peer-reviewed literature on scientific instruments; constituting an underappreciated threat to scientific standards of trustworthiness and transparency. We believe that a public debate and subsequent editorial policy action are urgently required.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bergenholtz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacAulay, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolympiris, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/253799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A survey on information sources used by academic researchers to evaluate scientific instruments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/255703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of Parathyroid Hormone, Alendronate and Odanacatib on the mineralisation process in intracortical and endocortical Haversian boneof ovariectomized rabbits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/255703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although cortical bone strength depends on optimal bone composition, the influences of standard therapeutic agents for osteoporosis on bone mineral accrual in cortical bone are not understood. This study compared effects on cortical bone composition of two current therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis: the anti-resorptive bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN), and anabolic intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH). The experimental anti-resorptive cathepsin K inhibitor, odanacatib (ODN) which inhibits resorption without inhibiting bone formation, was also tested.nnTo determine effects of these agents on Haversian remodeling and mineral accrual, we compared ALN (100g/kg/2xweek), PTH(1-34) (15g/kg, 5x/week) and ODN (7.5M/day) administered for 10 months commencing 6 months after ovariectomy (OVX) in skeletally mature rabbits by histomorphometry. We used synchrotron-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (sFTIRM), coupled to fluorochrome labelling, to measure maturation of the cortical matrix in situ at both endocortical and intracortical sites of bone formation.nnPTH and ODN, but not ALN, treatment increased bone toughness, and PTH treatment stimulated bone formation, not only on endocortical and periosteal bone, but also in intracortical pores. In Sham and OVX rabbits, normal matrix maturation was observed at both endocortical and intracortical sites including: mineral accrual (increasing mineral:matrix), carbonate substitution (carbonate:mineral) and collagen molecular compaction (amide I:II) in situ in endocortical and intracortical bone. ALN treatment reduced bone formation on these surfaces. In ALN-treated bone, while intracortical bone matured normally, endocortical bone did not show a significant increase in mineral:matrix. ODN treatment resulted in slower mineral accrual and limited carbonate substitution. While PTH-treatment did not modify matrix maturation in endocortical bone, the initial stages of mineral accrual were slower in intracortical bone.nnIn conclusion, these three classes of therapy have differing effects on both bone formation, and the process of bone matrix maturation. ALN suppresses bone formation, and the normal process of matrix maturation in endocortical bone. ODN does not suppress bone formation, but limits mineral accrual. PTH stimulates bone formation, and the matrix formed matures normally in endocortical bone. The ability of PTH treatment to stimulate bone formation in intracortical bone may provide a novel additional mechanism by which PTH increases bone strength.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vrahnas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennypacker, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bambery, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sims, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/255703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of Parathyroid Hormone, Alendronate and Odanacatib on the mineralisation process in intracortical and endocortical Haversian boneof ovariectomized rabbits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial moment description of birth-death-movementprocesses incorporating the effects of crowding andobstacles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Birth-death-movement processes, modulated by interactions between individuals, are fundamental to many cell biology processes. A key feature of the movement of cells within in vivo environments are the interactions between motile cells and stationary obstacles. Here we propose a multi-species model of individual-level motility, proliferation and death. This model is a spatial birth-death-movement stochastic process, a class of individual-based model (IBM) that is amenable to mathematical analysis. We present the IBM in a general multi-species framework, and then focus on the case of a population of motile, proliferative agents in an environment populated by stationary, non-proliferative obstacles. To analyse the IBM, we derive a system of spatial moment equations governing the evolution of the density of agents and the density of pairs of agents. This approach avoids making the usual mean-field assumption so that our models can be used to study the formation of spatial structure, such as clustering and aggregation, and to understand how spatial structure influences population-level outcomes. Overall the spatial moment model provides a reasonably accurate prediction of the system dynamics, including important effects such as how varying the properties of the obstacles leads to different spatial patterns in the population of agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Surendran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plank, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/267708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial moment description of birth-death-movementprocesses incorporating the effects of crowding andobstacles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/273995v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stochastic models of cell invasion with fluorescent cell cycle indicators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/273995v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescent cell cycle labelling in cell biology experiments provides real time information about the location of individual cells, as well as the phase of the cell cycle of individual cells. We develop a stochastic, lattice-based random walk model of a two-dimensional scratch assay where the total population is composed of three distinct subpopulations which we visualise as red, yellow and green subpopulations. Our model mimics FUCCI technology in which cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle fluoresce red, cells in the early S phase fluoresce yellow, and cells in the S/G2/M phase fluoresce green. The model is an exclusion process so that any potential motility or proliferation event that would place an agent on an occupied lattice site is aborted. Using experimental images and previous experimental measurements, we explain how to apply the stochastic model to simulate a scratch assay initialised with a low to moderate density monolayer of human melanoma cell line. We obtain additional mathematical insight by deriving an approximate partial differential equation (PDE) description of the stochastic model, leading to a novel system of three coupled nonlinear reaction diffusion equations. Comparing averaged simulation data with the solution of the continuum limit model confirms that the PDE description is accurate for biologically-relevant parameter combinations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vittadello, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tambyah, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/273995</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stochastic models of cell invasion with fluorescent cell cycle indicators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Bayesian sequential learning framework to parameterise continuum models of melanoma invasion into human skin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a novel framework to parameterise a mathematical model of cell invasion that describes how a population of melanoma cells invades into human skin tissue. Using simple experimental data extracted from complex experimental images, we estimate three model parameters:(i) the melanoma cell proliferation rate,{lambda} ; (ii) the melanoma cell diffusivity, D; and (iii){delta} , a constant that determines the rate that melanoma cells degrade the skin tissue. The Bayesian sequential learning frame-work involves a sequence of increasingly-sophisticated experimental data from:(i) a spatially uniform cell proliferation assay; (ii) a two-dimensional circular barrier assay; and, (iii) a three-dimensional invasion assay. The Bayesian sequential learning approach leads to well-defined parameter estimates. In contrast, taking a naive approach that attempts to estimate all parameters from a single set of images from the same experiment fails to produce meaningful results. Overall our approach to inference is simple-to-implement, computationally efficient, and well-suited for many cell biology phenomena that can be described by low dimensional continuum models using ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations. We anticipate that this Bayesian sequential learning framework will be relevant in other biological contexts where it is challenging to extract detailed, quantitative biological measurements from experimental images and so we must rely on using relatively simple measurements from complex images.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Browning, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haridas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/284612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Bayesian sequential learning framework to parameterise continuum models of melanoma invasion into human skin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/328351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
No effect of administration of unacylated ghrelin on subcutaneous PC3 xenograft growth in a Rag1-/- mouse model of metabolic dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/328351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone which, when acylated, regulates appetite, energy balance and a range of other biological processes. Ghrelin predominately circulates in its unacylated form (unacylated ghrelin; UAG). UAG has a number of functions independent of acylated ghrelin, including modulation of metabolic parameters and cancer progression. UAG has also been postulated to antagonise some of the metabolic effects of acyl-ghrelin, including its effects on glucose and insulin regulation. In this study, Rag1-/- mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperinsulinaemia were subcutaneously implanted with PC3 prostate cancer xenografts to investigate the effect of UAG treatment on metabolic parameters and xenograft growth. Daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 g/kg UAG had no effect on xenograft tumour growth in mice fed normal rodent chow or 23% high-fat diet. UAG significantly improved glucose tolerance in host Rag1-/- mice on a high-fat diet, but did not significantly improve other metabolic parameters. We hypothesise that UAG is not likely to be an effective treatment for prostate cancer, with or without associated metabolic syndrome.nnConflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maugham, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopin, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crisp, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herington, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffery, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/328351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[No effect of administration of unacylated ghrelin on subcutaneous PC3 xenograft growth in a Rag1-/- mouse model of metabolic dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/354563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parameterising continuum models of heat transfer in heterogeneous living skin using experimental data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/354563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this work we consider a recent experimental data set describing heat conduction in living porcine tissues. Understanding this novel data set is important because porcine skin is similar to human skin. Improving our understanding of heat conduction in living skin is relevant to understanding burn injuries, which are common, painful and can require prolonged and expensive treatment. A key feature of skin is that it is layered, with different thermal properties in different layers. Since the experimental data set involves heat conduction in thin living tissues of anesthetised animals, an important experimental constraint is that the temperature within the living tissue is measured at one spatial location within the layered structure. Our aim is to determine whether this data is sufficient to reliably infer the heat conduction parameters in layered skin, and we use a simplified two-layer mathematical model of heat conduction to mimic the generation of experimental data. Using synthetic data generated at one location in the two-layer mathematical model, we explore whether it is possible to infer values of the thermal diffusivity in both layers. After this initial exploration, we then examine how our ability to infer the thermal diffusivities changes when we vary the location at which the experimental data is recorded, as well as considering the situation where we are able to monitor the temperature at two locations within the layered structure. Overall, we find that our ability to parameterise a model of heterogeneous heat conduction with limited experimental data is very sensitive to the location where data is collected. Our modelling results provide guidance about optimal experimental design that could be used to guide future experimental studies.nnNomenclatureA brief description of all variables used in the document are given in Table 1.nnO_TBL View this table:norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@121864aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f789c8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@76c62corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cca220org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a82158_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_TBL O_FLOATNOTable 1:C_FLOATNO O_TABLECAPTIONVariable nomenclature and description.nnC_TABLECAPTION C_TBL
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McInerney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/354563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parameterising continuum models of heat transfer in heterogeneous living skin using experimental data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/378497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Haplotype-resolved and integrated genome analysis of ENCODE cell line HepG2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/378497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The HepG2 cancer cell line is one of the most widely-used biomedical research and one of the main cell lines of ENCODE. Vast numbers of functional genomics and epigenomics datasets have been produced to characterize its biology. However, the correct interpretation such data requires an understanding of the cell lines genome sequence and genome structure. Using a variety of sequencing and analysis methods, we identified a wide spectrum of HepG2 genome characteristics: copy numbers of chromosomal segments, SNVs and Indels (corrected for aneuploidy), phased haplotypes extending to entire chromosome arms, loss of heterozygosity, retrotransposon insertions, structural variants (SVs) including complex and somatic genomic rearrangements. We also identified allele-specific expression and DNA methylation genome-wide and assembled an allele-specific CRISPR/Cas9 targeting map.nnSIGNIFICANCEHaplotype-resolved and comprehensive whole-genome analysis of a widely-used cell line for cancer research and ENCODE, HepG2, serves as an essential resource for unlocking complex cancer gene regulation using a genome-integrated framework and also provides genomic context for the analysis of ~1,000 functional datasets to date on ENCODE for biological discovery. We also demonstrate how deeper insights into genomic regulatory complexity are gained by adopting a genome-integrated framework.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greer, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spies, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byeon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abyzov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/378497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Haplotype-resolved and integrated genome analysis of ENCODE cell line HepG2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/378778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene expression profiling of The Cancer Genome Atlas supports an inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and major oesophageal tumour subtypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/378778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the last decade the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program has revealed significant insights into molecular events of dozens of cancers. These data sets are continuously updated, providing an unprecedented resource to the research community. There is now an emerging link between obesity and the development and progression of cancer. In this study we wished to identify genes related to body mass index (BMI)-related in TCGA datasets. Supporting epidemiological data, our gene expression profiling analyses suggest that oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) can be considered a true obesity-associated cancer subtype, presenting avenues for prevention and treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffery, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopin, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/378778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene expression profiling of The Cancer Genome Atlas supports an inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and major oesophageal tumour subtypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/390849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippo Pathway Deregulation Drives Tissue Stiffness and Cancer Stem-like Cells in Lung Adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/390849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death due to poor treatment responses arising from tumor heterogeneity and epigenetic aberrations. Here we show that adverse prognosis associated with epigenetically silenced tumour suppressor RASSF1A is a consequence of increased extracellular matrix, tumour stiffness and metastatic dissemination in vivo and in vitro. We find that lung cancer cells with methylated RASSF1A display constitutive nuclear YAP1 and expression of prolyl4hydroxylase2 (P4HA2) into extracellular matrix that correlates with increases collagen deposition. Furthermore, we identify an epigenetic axis in tumour cells where elevated ECM impedes the intrinsic suppression of WNT signaling (via TPBG/5T4) triggering b-catenin-YAP1 activation and thus results in a cancer stem-like programming. As key drivers, we identified RASSF1A and P4HA2 mediating the ECM-dependent stemness and metastatic dissemination in vivo. Re-expression of RASSF1A or inhibition of P4HA2 activity reverse these effects and increase levels of lung differentiation markers (TTF-1, Mucin5B) in vivo and in vitro. Our study identifies an epigenetic program to cancer stemness and metastatic progression of lung adenocarcinoma and P4HA2 as potential target for uncoupling ECM signals towards cancer stemness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pankova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vendrell, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzzelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/390849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippo Pathway Deregulation Drives Tissue Stiffness and Cancer Stem-like Cells in Lung Adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/391557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic and experimental models of cell migration reveal the importance of intercellular interactions in cell invasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/391557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Moving fronts of cells are essential for development, repair and disease progression. Therefore, understanding and quantifying the details of the mechanisms that drive the movement of cell fronts is of wide interest. Quantitatively identifying the role of intercellular interactions, and in particular the role of cell pushing, remains an open question. Indeed, perhaps the most common continuum mathematical idealization of moving cell fronts is to treat the population of cells, either implicitly or explicitly, as a population of point particles undergoing a random walk that neglects intercellular interactions. In this work, we report a combined experimental-modelling approach showing that intercellular interactions contribute significantly to the spatial spreading of a population of cells. We use a novel experimental data set with PC-3 prostate cancer cells that have been pretreated with Mitomycin-C to suppress proliferation. This allows us to experimentally separate the effects of cell migration from cell proliferation, thereby enabling us to focus on the migration process in detail as the population of cells recolonizes an initially-vacant region in a series of two-dimensional experiments. We quantitatively model the experiments using a stochastic modelling framework, based on Langevin dynamics, which explicitly incorporates random motility and various intercellular forces including: (i) long range attraction (adhesion); and (ii) finite size effects that drive short range repulsion (pushing). Quantitatively comparing the ability of this model to describe the experimentally observed population-level behaviour provides us with quantitative insight into the roles of random motility and intercellular interactions. To quantify the mechanisms at play, we calibrate the stochastic model to match experimental cell density profiles to obtain estimates of cell diffusivity, D, and the amplitude of intercellular forces, f0. Our analysis shows that taking a standard modelling approach which ignores intercellular forces provides a poor match to the experimental data whereas incorporating intercellular forces, including short-range pushing and longer range attraction, leads to a faithful representation of the experimental observations. These results demonstrate a significant role for intercellular interactions in cell invasion.nnAuthor summaryMoving cell fronts are routinely observed in various physiological processes, such as wound healing, malignant invasion and embryonic morphogenesis. We explore the effects of a previously overlooked mechanism that contributes to population-level front movement: pushing. Our framework is flexible and incorporates range of reasonable biological phenomena, such as random motility, cell-to-cell adhesion, and pushing. We find that neglecting finite size effects and intercellular forces, such as cell pushing, reduces our ability to mimic and predict our experimental observations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matisaka, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/391557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic and experimental models of cell migration reveal the importance of intercellular interactions in cell invasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/398123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of abduction movement in older people with painful shoulder: an analysis based on inertial sensors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/398123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reduced range of motion in the shoulder can be a source of functional limitation. Current quantitative evaluation systems are limited to assessing the functionality or the maximum articular amplitudes in each of the planes of movement, both in isolation. These separate clinical evaluation systems may not allow the identification of the underlying impairments contributing to the functional limitation. The use of inertial sensors to quantify movement in addition to more common clinical assessments of the shoulder may allow clinicians to understand that are potentially unnoticed by the human eye. The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to generate an explanatory model for shoulder abduction based on data from inertial sensors. Shoulder abduction of thirteen older adults suffering from shoulder dysfunction was evaluated using two inertial sensors placed on the humerus and scapula. Movement variables (maximum angular mobility, angular peak of velocity, peak of acceleration) were used to explain the functionality of the upper limb (assessed using the Upper Limb Functional Index). Abduction movement of the shoulder was explained by six variables related to the mobility of the shoulder joint complex. A manova analysis was used to explain the results obtained on the functionality of the upper limb. The MANOVA model based on angular mobility explained 69% of the variance of the ULFI value (r-squared=0.69). The most relevant variables were the abduction-adduction of the humerus and the medial and lateral rotation of the scapula. However, given the limited sample size, none of these individual variables were statistically significant in the decomposition model on their own. The method used in the present study reveals the potential importance of the analysis of the scapular and humeral movements for comprehensive evaluation of the upper limb. Further research should include a wider sample and may seek to use this assessment technique in a range of potential clinical applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roldan-Jimenez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPhail, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/398123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of abduction movement in older people with painful shoulder: an analysis based on inertial sensors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet we know little about the specific genetic loci influencing human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants, including structural variants, impacting cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain MRI data from 51,662 individuals. We analysed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specialisations. We identified 255 nominally significant loci (P [&le;] 5 x 10-8); 199 survived multiple testing correction (P [&le;] 8.3 x 10-10; 187 surface area; 12 thickness). We found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci impacting regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signalling pathways, known to influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinsons disease, insomnia, depression and ADHD.nnOne Sentence SummaryCommon genetic variation is associated with inter-individual variation in the structure of the human cortex, both globally and within specific regions, and is shared with genetic risk factors for some neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grasby, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Painter, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colodro-Conde, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bralten, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibar, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzagalli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shatokhina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zsembik, L. C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhusaini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alnaes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amlien, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ard, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley-Koch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buimer, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bülow, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bürger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couvy-Duchesne, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalvie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Araujo, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicaray, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zwarte, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>den Braber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohm, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrlich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/399402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/406843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive analysis of human hookworm secreted proteins using a proteogenomic approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/406843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human hookworm Necator americanus infects more than 400 million people worldwide, contributing substantially to the poverty in these regions. Adult stage N. americanus live in the small intestine of the human host where they inject excretory/secretory (ES) products into the mucosa. ES products have been characterized at the proteome level for a number of animal hookworm species, but until now, the difficulty in obtaining sufficient live N. americanus has been an obstacle in characterizing the secretome of this important human pathogen. Herein we describe the ES proteome of N. americanus and utilize this information to conduct the first proteogenomic analysis of a parasitic helminth, significantly improving the available genome and thereby generating a robust description of the parasite secretome. The genome annotation resulted in a a revised prediction of 3,425 fewer genes than initially reported, accompanied by a significant increase in the number of exons and introns, total gene length and the percentage of the genome covered by genes. Almost 200 ES proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS with SCP/TAPS proteins,  hypothetical proteins and proteases among the most abundant families. These proteins were compared to commonly used model species of human parasitic infections, including Ancylostoma caninum, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Our findings provide valuable information on important families of proteins with both known and unknown functions that could be instrumental in host-parasite interactions, including protein families that might be key for parasite survival in the onslaught of robust immune responses, as well as vaccine and drug targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Logan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manda, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichenberger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvenna, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagaraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujiwara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gazzinelli-Guimaraes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueno, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mati, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitreva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotillo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loukas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/406843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive analysis of human hookworm secreted proteins using a proteogenomic approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/406967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale genome-wide association meta-analysis of endometriosis reveals 13 novel loci and genetically-associated comorbidity with other pain conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/406967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endometriosis is a common complex inflammatory condition characterised by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus, mainly in the pelvic area. It is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility, and its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The disease is typically classified according to the revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) 4-stage surgical assessment system, although stage does not correlate well with symptomatology or prognosis. Previously identified genetic variants mainly are associated with stage III/IV disease, highlighting the need for further phenotype-stratified analysis that requires larger datasets. We conducted a meta-analysis of 15 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a replication analysis, including 58,115 cases and 733,480 controls in total, and sub-phenotype analyses of stage I/II, stage III/IV and infertility-associated endometriosis cases. This revealed 27 genetic loci associated with endometriosis at the genome-wide p-value threshold (P<5x10-8), 13 of which are novel and an additional 8 novel genes identified from gene-based association analyses. Of the 27 loci, 21 (78%) had greater effect sizes in stage III/IV disease compared to stage I/II, 1 (4%) had greater effect size in stage I/II compared to stage III/IV and 17 (63%) had greater effect sizes when restricted to infertility-associated endometriosis cases compared to overall endometriosis. These results suggest that specific variants may confer risk for different sub-types of endometriosis through distinct pathways. Analyses of genetic variants underlying different pain symptoms reported in the UK Biobank showed that 7/9 had positive significant (p<1.28x103) positive genetic correlations with endometriosis, suggesting a genetic basis for sensitivity to pain in general. Additional conditions with significant positive genetic correlations with endometriosis included uterine fibroids, excessive and irregular menstrual bleeding, osteoarthritis, diabetes as well as menstrual cycle length and age at menarche. These results provide a basis for fine-mapping of the causal variants at these 27 loci, and for functional follow-up to understand their contribution to endometriosis and its potential subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahmioglu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banasik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christofidou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danning, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galarneau, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacGregor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortlock, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapkota, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schork, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobalska-Kwapis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefansdottir, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oimari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adachi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnadottir, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgdorf, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheuk, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clementi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Vivio, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiVasta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorien, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontanillas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fung, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geirsson, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holdsworth-Carson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houshdaran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu-Seliger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvelin, M.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulig, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laufer, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marciniak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/406967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale genome-wide association meta-analysis of endometriosis reveals 13 novel loci and genetically-associated comorbidity with other pain conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/412965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of Orientation Change during Environmental Learning on Age-Related Difference in Spatial Memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/412965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It has been suggested that older adults suffer a greater degree of decline in environmental learning when navigating in an environment than when reading a map of the environment. However, the two types of spatial learning differ not only in perspectives (i.e., navigation is done with a ground-level perspective; a map is read from an aerial perspective) but also in orientations (i.e., orientations vary during navigation; spatial information is drawn from a single orientation in a map), making it unclear which factor critically affects older adults spatial learning. The present study addressed this issue by having younger and older participants learn the layout of a large-scale environment through an aerial movie that contained changes in orientations from which the environment was depicted. Results showed that older participants memories for the environmental layout were as distorted as those created through a ground-level movie (which involved the same orientation changes), whereas they formed more accurate memories through another aerial movie in which an orientation was fixed. By contrast, younger participants learned the environment equally well from the three movies. Taken together, these findings suggest that there is age-related alteration specifically in the ability to process multiple orientations of an environment while encoding its layout in memory. It is inferred that this alteration stems from functional deterioration of the medial temporal lobe, and possibly that of posterior cingulate areas as well (e.g., the retrosplenial cortex), in late adulthood.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boys, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ord, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/412965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of Orientation Change during Environmental Learning on Age-Related Difference in Spatial Memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/416008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study of suicide attempt in psychiatric disorders identifies association with major depression polygenic risk scores 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/416008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveOver 90% of suicide attempters have a psychiatric diagnosis, however twin and family studies suggest that the genetic etiology of suicide attempt (SA) is partially distinct from that of the psychiatric disorders themselves. Here, we present the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on suicide attempt using major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BIP) and schizophrenia (SCZ) cohorts from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.nnMethodSamples comprise 1622 suicide attempters and 8786 non-attempters with MDD, 3264 attempters and 5500 non-attempters with BIP and 1683 attempters and 2946 non-attempters with SCZ. SA GWAS were performed comparing attempters to non-attempters in each disorder followed by meta-analysis across disorders. Polygenic risk scoring investigated the genetic relationship between SA and the psychiatric disorders.nnResultsThree genome-wide significant loci for SA were found: one associated with SA in MDD, one in BIP, and one in the meta-analysis of SA in mood disorders. These associations were not replicated in independent mood disorder cohorts from the UK Biobank and iPSYCH. Polygenic risk scores for major depression were significantly associated with SA in MDD (P=0.0002), BIP (P=0.0006) and SCZ (P=0.0006).nnConclusionsThis study provides new information on genetic associations and the genetic etiology of SA across psychiatric disorders. The finding that polygenic risk scores for major depression predict suicide attempt across disorders provides a possible starting point for predictive modelling and preventative strategies. Further collaborative efforts to increase sample size hold potential to robustly identify genetic associations and gain biological insights into the etiology of suicide attempt.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mullins, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigdeli, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borglum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demontis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanous, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ripke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahl, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starnawska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendler, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQuillin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/416008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study of suicide attempt in psychiatric disorders identifies association with major depression polygenic risk scores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/429811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal control of acute myeloid leukaemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/429811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a blood cancer affecting the haematopoietic stem cells of the myeloid cell line. AML is routinely treated with chemotherapy, and so it is of great interest to develop optimal chemotherapy treatment strategies. In this work, we incorporate an immune response into a stem cell model of AML, since we find that previous models lacking an immune response are inappropriate for deriving optimal control strategies. Using optimal control theory, we produce continuous controls and bang-bang controls, corresponding to a range of objectives and parameter choices. Through example calculations, we provide a practical approach to applying optimal control using Pontryagins maximum principle. In particular, we describe and explore factors that have a profound influence on numerical convergence. We find that the convergence behaviour is sensitive to the method of control updating, the nature of the control, and to the relative weighting of terms in the objective function. All codes we use to implement optimal control are made available.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mapder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/429811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal control of acute myeloid leukaemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/433813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A free boundary model of epithelial dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/433813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this work we analyse a one-dimensional, cell-based model of an epithelial sheet. In this model, cells interact with their nearest neighbouring cells and move deterministically. Cells also proliferate stochastically, with the rate of proliferation specified as a function of the cell length. This mechanical model of cell dynamics gives rise to a free boundary problem. We construct a corresponding continuum-limit description where the variables in the continuum limit description are expanded in powers of the small parameter 1/N, where N is the number of cells in the population. By carefully constructing the continuum limit description we obtain a free boundary partial differential equation description governing the density of the cells within the evolving domain, as well as a free boundary condition that governs the evolution of the domain. We show that care must be taken to arrive at a free boundary condition that conserves mass. By comparing averaged realisations of the cell-based model with the numerical solution of the free boundary partial differential equation, we show that the new mass-conserving boundary condition enables the coarsegrained partial differential equation model to provide very accurate predictions of the behaviour of the cell-based model, including both evolution of the cell density, and the position of the free boundary, across a range of interaction potentials and proliferation functions in the cell based model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/433813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A free boundary model of epithelial dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using experimental data and information criteria to guide model selection for reaction--diffusion problems in mathematical biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reaction-diffusion models describing the movement, reproduction and death of individuals within a population are key mathematical modelling tools with widespread applications in mathematical biology. A diverse range of such continuum models have been applied in various biological contexts by choosing different flux and source terms in the reaction-diffusion framework. For example, to describe collective spreading of cell populations, the flux term may be chosen to reflect various movement mechanisms, such as random motion (diffusion), adhesion, haptotaxis, chemokinesis and chemotaxis. The choice of flux terms in specific applications, such as wound healing, is usually made heuristically, and rarely is it tested quantitatively against detailed cell density data. More generally, in mathematical biology, the questions of model validation and model selection have not received the same attention as the questions of model development and model analysis. Many studies do not consider model validation or model selection, and those that do often base the selection of the model on residual error criteria after model calibration is performed using nonlinear regression techniques. In this work, we present a model selection case study, in the context of cell invasion, with a very detailed experimental data set. Using Bayesian analysis and information criteria, we demonstrate that model selection and model validation should account for both residual errors and model complexity. These considerations are often overlooked in the mathematical biology literature. The results we present here provide a clear methodology that can be used to guide model selection across a range of applications. Furthermore, the case study we present provides a clear example where neglecting the role of model complexity can give rise to misleading outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Warne, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/444679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using experimental data and information criteria to guide model selection for reaction--diffusion problems in mathematical biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/458562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Largest genome-wide association study for PTSD identifies genetic risk loci in European and African ancestries and implicates novel biological pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/458562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and debilitating disorder. The risk of PTSD following trauma is heritable, but robust common variants have yet to be identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We have collected a multi-ethnic cohort including over 30,000 PTSD cases and 170,000 controls. We first demonstrate significant genetic correlations across 60 PTSD cohorts to evaluate the comparability of these phenotypically heterogeneous studies. In this largest GWAS meta-analysis of PTSD to date we identify a total of 6 genome-wide significant loci, 4 in European and 2 in African-ancestry analyses. Follow-up analyses incorporated local ancestry and sex-specific effects, and functional studies. Along with other novel genes, a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and a Parkinsons Disease gene, PARK2, were associated with PTSD. Consistent with previous reports, SNP-based heritability estimates for PTSD range between 10-20%. Despite a significant shared liability between PTSD and major depressive disorder, we show evidence that some of our loci may be specific to PTSD. These results demonstrate the role of genetic variation contributing to the biology of differential risk for PTSD and the necessity of expanding GWAS beyond European ancestry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nievergelt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maihofer, A. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klengel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J. R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalvie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provost, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratanatharathorn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiello, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almli, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amstadter, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbisi, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley-Koch, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avdibegovic, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baekvad-Hansen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckham, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bierut, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisson, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boks, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolger, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borglum, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brashear, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bybjerg-Grauholm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabres</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/458562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Largest genome-wide association study for PTSD identifies genetic risk loci in European and African ancestries and implicates novel biological pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/460444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation and its association with subcortical volumes: findings from the ENIGMA Epigenetics Working Group 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/460444v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation, which is modulated by both genetic factors and environmental exposures, may offer a unique opportunity to discover novel biomarkers of disease-related brain phenotypes, even when measured in other tissues than brain, such as blood. A few studies of small sample sizes have revealed associations between blood DNA methylation and neuropsychopathology, however, large-scale epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) are needed to investigate the utility of DNA methylation profiling as a peripheral marker for the brain. Here, in an analysis of eleven international cohorts, totalling 3,337 individuals, we report epigenome-wide meta-analyses of blood DNA methylation with volumes of the hippocampus, thalamus and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) -three subcortical regions selected for their associations with disease and heritability and volumetric variability. Analyses of individual CpGs revealed genome-wide significant associations with hippocampal volume at two loci. No significant associations were found for analyses of thalamus and nucleus accumbens volumes. CpG sites associated with hippocampus volume were significantly enriched within cancer-related genes and within regulatory elements containing the transcriptionally repressive histone H3K27 tri-methylation mark that is vital for stem cell fate specification. Cluster-based analyses revealed additional differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with hippocampal volume. DNA methylation at these loci affected expression of proximal genes involved in in learning and memory, stem cell maintenance and differentiation, fatty acid metabolism and type-2 diabetes. These DNA methylation marks, their interaction with genetic variants and their impact on gene expression offer new insights into the relationship between epigenetic variation and brain structure and may provide the basis for biomarker discovery in neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Dongen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo-Roa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>den Braber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luciano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ori, A. P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roiz Santianez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruggeri, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkisyan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sungeun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tordesillas Gutierrez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van't Ent, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ames, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artiges, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakalkin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaschewski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bokde, A. L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodaty, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bromberg, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke Quinlan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahn, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicaray, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekstrom, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flor, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frohner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frouin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garavan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gowland, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ittermann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/460444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation and its association with subcortical volumes: findings from the ENIGMA Epigenetics Working Group]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/470799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial structure arising from chase-escape interactions with crowding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/470799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Movement of individuals, mediated by localised interactions, plays a key role in numerous processes including cell biology and ecology. In this work, we investigate an individual-based model accounting for various intraspecies and interspecies interactions in a community consisting of two distinct species. In this framework we consider one species to be chasers and the other species to be escapees, and we focus on chase-escape dynamics where the chasers are biased to move towards the escapees, and the escapees are biased to move away from the chasers. This framework allows us to explore how individual-level directional interactions scale up to influence spatial structure at the macroscale. To focus exclusively on the role of motility and directional bias in determining spatial structure, we consider conservative communities where the number of individuals in each species remains constant. To provide additional information about the individual-based model, we also present a mathematically tractable deterministic approximation based on describing the evolution of the spatial moments. We explore how different features of interactions including interaction strength, spatial extent of interaction, and relative density of species influence the formation of the macroscale spatial patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Surendran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plank, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/470799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial structure arising from chase-escape interactions with crowding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/471276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prediction-error signals to violated expectations about person identity and head orientation are doubly-dissociated across the dorsal and ventral visual streams 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/471276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predictive coding theories of perception suggest the importance of constantly updated internal models of the world in predicting future sensory inputs. One implication of such models is that cortical regions whose function is to resolve particular stimulus attributes should also signal prediction violations with respect to those same stimulus attributes. Previously, through carefully designed experiments, we have demonstrated early-mid latency EEG/MEG prediction-error signals in the dorsal visual stream to violated expectations about stimulus orientation/trajectory, with localisations consistent with cortical areas processing motion and orientation. Here we extend those methods to simultaneously investigate the predictive processes in both dorsal and ventral visual streams. In this MEG study we employed a contextual trajectory paradigm that builds expectations using a series of image presentations. We created expectations about both face orientation and identity, either of which can subsequently be violated. Crucially this paradigm allows us to parametrically test double dissociations between these different types of violations. The study identified double dissociations across the type of violation in the dorsal and ventral visual streams, such that the right fusiform gyrus showed greater evidence of prediction-error signals to Identity violations than to Orientation violations, whereas the left angular gyrus and postcentral gyrus showed the opposite pattern of results. Our results suggest comparable processes for error checking and context updating in high-level expectations instantiated across both perceptual streams. Perceptual prediction-error signalling is initiated in regions associated with the processing of different stimulus properties.nnSignificance StatementVisual processing occurs along  what and  where information streams that run, respectively along the ventral and dorsal surface of the posterior brain. Predictive coding models of perception imply prediction-error detection processes that are instantiated at the level where particular stimulus attributes are parsed. This implies that, for instance, when considering face stimuli, signals arising through violated expectations about the person identity of the stimulus should localise to the ventral stream, whereas signals arising through violated expectations about head orientation should localise to the dorsal stream. We test this in a magnetoencephalography source localisation study. The analysis confirmed that prediction-error signals to identity versus head-orientation occur with similar latency, but activate doubly-dissociated brain regions along ventral and dorsal processing streams.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breakspear, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/471276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prediction-error signals to violated expectations about person identity and head orientation are doubly-dissociated across the dorsal and ventral visual streams]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/473157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Biology of Risk-On. Decreasing Inflammatory and Stress Responses on a London Trading Floor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/473157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human physiological arousal is highly sensitive to information and uncertainty. Little is known, however, about how to measure information in natural settings, nor about which physiological systems respond to it. Financial market prices, and their volatility, present a convenient measure of informational load. Here we report on a study into the physiological response of traders in the City of London during a period of extreme, but declining, volatility. We sampled salivary cortisol, the main stress hormone, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1{beta}, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF- three times a day for two weeks. We found that average daily cortisol levels tracked closely an index of equity and bond volatility, as did levels of IL-1{beta}. Within-day cortisol and IL-1{beta} levels also tracked one hour lagged volatility. Interestingly, the cascade of endocrine and immunological changes was initiated by IL-1{beta}, the first responder of the stress and inflammatory responses. Our results have implications for finance because chronic stress and the immune response known as  sickness behaviour could have powerful effects on risk-taking and market stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coates, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/473157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Biology of Risk-On. Decreasing Inflammatory and Stress Responses on a London Trading Floor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/479527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A population of bang-bang switches of defective interfering particles makes within-host dynamics of dengue virus controllable 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/479527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The titre of virus in a dengue patient and the duration of this viraemia has a profound effect on whether or not a mosquito will become infected when it feeds on the patient and this, in turn is a key driver of the magnitude of a dengue outbreak. As mosquitoes require 100-1000 times more virus to become infected than a patient, the transmission of dengue virus from a patient to a mosquito is a vulnerability that may be able to be targeted to improve disease control. The intrinsic variability in the within-host dynamics of viraemias is explored for a population of patients using the method of population of models (POMs). A dataset from 207 patients is used to calibrate 20,000 models for the infection kinetics for each of the four dengue virus serotypes. The effect of adding defective dengue virus interfering particles to patients as a therapeutic is evaluated using the calibrated POMs in a bang-bang optimal control setting.nnAuthor summaryDengue virions with deletions or defects in their genomes can be recovered from dengue patients. These defective viruses can only replicate with the assistance of fully functional viruses and they reduce the yield of the fully functional viruses. They are known as defective interfering (DI) particles. By administering additional, defined, DI particles to patients it may be possible to reduce the titre and duration of their viraemia. This, in turn may reduce the severity of the disease and the likelihood that dengue virus will be passed from the patient to a mosquito vector. This study estimates the number of DI particles that would need to be administered, and over what period, to have a significant effect on patient viraemia and subsequent dengue fever severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mapder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clifford, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaskov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/479527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A population of bang-bang switches of defective interfering particles makes within-host dynamics of dengue virus controllable]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/485276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An individual-based mechanical model of cell movement in heterogeneous tissues and its coarse-grained approximation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/485276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanical heterogeneity in biological tissues, in particular stiffness, can be used to distinguish between healthy and diseased states. However, it is often difficult to explore relationships between cellular-level properties and tissue-level outcomes when biological experiments are performed at a single scale only. To overcome this difficulty we develop a multi-scale mathematical model which provides a clear framework to explore these connections across biological scales. Starting with an individual-based mechanical model of cell movement, we subsequently derive a novel coarse-grained system of partial differential equations governing the evolution of the cell density due to heterogeneous cellular properties. We demonstrate that solutions of the individual-based model converge to numerical solutions of the coarse-grained model, for both slowly-varying-in-space and rapidly-varying-in-space cellular properties. Applications of the model are discussed, including determining relative cellular-level properties and an interpretation of data from a breast cancer detection experiment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, r. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/485276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An individual-based mechanical model of cell movement in heterogeneous tissues and its coarse-grained approximation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/498782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A benchmark of computational CRISPR-Cas9 guide design methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/498782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The popularity of CRISPR-based gene editing has resulted in an abundance of tools to design CRISPR-Cas9 guides. This is also driven by the fact that designing highly specific and efficient guides is a crucial, but not trivial, task in using CRISPR for gene editing. Here, we thoroughly analyse the performance of 17 design tools. They are evaluated based on runtime performance, compute requirements, and guides generated. To achieve this, we implemented a method for auditing system resources while a given tool executes, and tested each tool on datasets of increasing size, derived from the mouse genome. We found that only five tools had a computational performance that would allow them to analyse an entire genome in a reasonable time, and without exhausting computing resources. There was wide variation in the guides identified, with some tools reporting every possible guide while others filtered for predicted efficiency. Some tools also failed to exclude guides that would target multiple positions in the genome. We also considered a collection of over a thousand guides for which experimental data is available. For the tools that attempt to filter based on efficiency, 65% to 85% of the guides they reported were experimentally found to be efficient, but with limited overlap in the sets produced by different tools. Our results show that CRISPR-Cas9 guide design tools need further work in order to achieve rapid whole-genome analysis and that improvements in guide design will likely require combining multiple approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bradford, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/498782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A benchmark of computational CRISPR-Cas9 guide design methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/517813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HLA alleles associated with risk of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis influence the gut microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/517813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesHLA alleles affect susceptibility to more than 100 diseases, but the mechanisms to account for these genotype-disease associations are largely unknown. HLA-alleles strongly influence predisposition to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Both AS and RA patients have discrete intestinal and faecal microbiome signatures. Whether these changes are cause or consequence of the diseases themselves is unclear. To distinguish these possibilities, we examine the effect of HLA-B27 and HLA-DRB1 RA-risk alleles on the composition of the intestinal microbiome in healthy individuals.nnMethods568 samples from 6 intestinal sites were collected from 107 otherwise healthy unrelated subjects and stool samples from 696 twin pairs from the TwinsUK cohort. Microbiome profiling was performed using sequencing of the 16S rRNA bacterial marker gene. All patients were genotyped using the Illumina CoreExome SNP microarray, and HLA genotypes were imputed from these data.nnResultsAssociation was observed between HLA-B27 genotype, and RA-risk HLA-DRB1 alleles, and overall microbial composition (P=0.0002 and P=0.00001 respectively). These associations were replicated in the TwinsUK cohort stool samples (P=0.023 and P=0.033 respectively).nnConclusionsThis study shows that the changes in intestinal microbiome composition seen in AS and RA are at least partially due to effects of HLA-B27 and -DRB1 on the gut microbiome. These findings support the hypothesis that HLA alleles operate to cause or increase the risk of these diseases through interaction with the intestinal microbiome, and suggest that therapies targeting the microbiome may be effective in their prevention and/or treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Asquith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternes, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costello, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karstens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>le Cao, K.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenbaum, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/517813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HLA alleles associated with risk of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis influence the gut microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/522755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Superadditive and subadditive dynamics are not inherent to the types of interacting threat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/522755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Species and ecosystems usually face more than one threat. The damage caused by these multiple threats can accumulate nonlinearly: either subadditively, when the joint damage of combined threats is less than the damages of both threats individually added together, or superadditively, when the joint damage is greater than the two individual damages added together. These additivity dynamics are commonly attributed to the nature of the threatening processes, but conflicting empirical observations challenge this assumption. Here, we use a theoretical model to demonstrate that the additivity of threats can change with different magnitudes of threat impacts (effect of a threat on the population parameter, like growth rate). We use a harvested single-species population model to integrate the effects of multiple threats on equilibrium abundance. Our results reveal that threats do not always display consistent additive behavior, even in simple systems. Instead, their additivity depends on the magnitudes of the impacts of two threats, and the population parameter that is impacted by each threat. In our model specifically, when multiple threats have a low impact on the growth rate of a population, they display superadditive dynamics. In contrast, threats that impact the species carrying capacity are always additive or subadditive. These dynamics can be understood by reference to the curvature of the relationship between a given population parameter (e.g., growth) and equilibrium population size. Our results suggest that management actions can achieve amplified benefits if they target low-amplitude threats that affect the growth rate, since these will be in a superadditive phase. More generally, our results suggest that cumulative impact theory should focus more than previously on the magnitude of the impact on the population parameter, and should be cautious about attributing additive dynamics to particular threat combinations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haller-Bull, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/522755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Superadditive and subadditive dynamics are not inherent to the types of interacting threat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a hospital avoidance program in a residential aged care facility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundResidential aged care facility residents experience high rates of hospital admissions which are stressful, costly and often preventable.nnDesignProspective pre-post cohort study and decision model analysisnnInterventionA decision-support tool was implemented to enable nursing staff to detect, refer and quickly respond to early signals of a deteriorating resident. Advanced clinical skills training, new diagnostic equipment and guided support from clinical lead nurses and nurse practitioners was provided to support nursing staff in the delivery of appropriate sub-acute care.nnOutcome measuresRate of hospital admissions; length of stay; incremental cost per QALY; net monetary benefit.nnResultsThe hospital avoidance program was associated with a 19% reduction in annual hospital admissions and a 31% reduction in the average length of stay. When modelled in a cohort of 1,000 residents the program resulted in a total of 1,606 fewer hospital bed days per annum. This contributed to a total cost saving of $2.6 million and 0.62 incremental QALYs gained per 1,000 residents. The program had a positive net monetary benefit and was considered cost-effective, even when the willingness to pay for health care gains was set to zero. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis estimated that there was an 86% probability that the program was cost-effective after taking the uncertainty of the model inputs into account.nnConclusionsThis study provides compelling evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a RACF nurse led sub-acute care program in preventing unnecessary hospital admissions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwyer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doran, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkinson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid-Searl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/523969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a hospital avoidance program in a residential aged care facility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/524603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Validity and internal consistency of EQ-5D-3L quality of life tool among pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka, a lower middle-income country 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/524603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveEQ-5D-3L is a generic QOL tool used mainly in economic evaluations. Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is rising in Sri Lanka. Assessing the validity of generic QOL tools creates new opportunities of their utilization among patients with CKD.nnMethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1036 CKD patients, selected using the simple random sampling technique. The validity was tested with six a-priori hypotheses. These included construct validity assessments, evaluating convergent validity and performing known group comparisons. EQ-5D-3L, Short Form-36 (SF-36), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-20) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) were used to assess QOL, presence of depression and psychological distress respectively. Internal consistency of the whole tool and when each item is removed was assessed by Cronbach alpha.nnResultsThe response rate was 99.2%. Majority of participants were males (n=646,62.4%) in the age category of 41-60 (n=530; 51.2%). Most were in either stage 4 or 5 of CKD (n=646,75.1%). The summary measures of SF-36, positively and significantly correlated with the EQ-5D-3L index and VAS scores (p<0.001). EQ-5D-3L QOL scores were significantly different between the group with depression and without as measured by CES-D-20 (p<0.001). Assessed using GHQ-12, similar significance was detected between the group with psychological distress and without (p<0.001). The Cronbach alpha was 0.834 and when each item was removed, ranged from 0.782 to 0.832.nnConclusionEQ-5D-3L is a valid generic QOL tool with satisfactory internal consistency to be used among CKD patients in the pre-dialysis stage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Senanayake, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahesh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunawardena, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kularatna, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/524603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Validity and internal consistency of EQ-5D-3L quality of life tool among pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka, a lower middle-income country]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/527036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chromosome-level genome of black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, provides insights into the evolution of live birth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/527036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is a teleost species where eggs are fertilized internally and retained in the maternal reproductive system, where they undergo development until live birth (termed viviparity). In the present study, we report a chromosome-level black rockfish genome assembly. High-throughput transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq and ATAC-seq), coupled with in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunofluorescence, identify several candidate genes for maternal preparation, sperm storage and release, and hatching. We propose that zona pellucida (ZP) genes retain sperm at the oocyte envelope, while genes in two distinct astacin metalloproteinase subfamilies serve to release sperm from the ZP and free the embryo from chorion at pre-hatching stage. Finally, we present a model of black rockfish reproduction, and propose that the rockfish ovarian wall has a similar function to uterus of mammals. Taken together, these genomic data reveal unprecedented insights into the evolution of an unusual teleost life history strategy, and provide a sound foundation for studying viviparity in non-mammalian vertebrates and an invaluable resource for rockfish ecology and evolution research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/527036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chromosome-level genome of black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, provides insights into the evolution of live birth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/533182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Process noise distinguishes between indistinguishable population dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/533182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Model selection is becoming increasingly important in mathematical biology. Model selection often involves comparing a set of observations with predictions from a suite of continuum mathematical models and selecting the model that provides the best explanation of the data. In this work we consider the more challenging problem of model selection in a stochastic setting. We consider five different stochastic models describing population growth. Through simulation we show that all five stochastic models gives rise to classical logistic growth in the limit where we consider a large number of identically prepared realisations. Therefore, comparing mean data from each of the models gives indistinguishable predictions and model selection based on population-level information is impossible. To overcome this challenge we extract process noise from individual realisations of each model and identify properties in the process noise that differ between the various stochastic models. Using a Bayesian framework, we show how process noise can be used successfully to make a probabilistic distinction between the various stochastic models. The relative success of this approach depends upon the identification of appropriate summary statistics and we illustrate how increasingly sophisticated summary statistics can lead to improved model selection, but this improvement comes at the cost of requiring more detailed summary statistics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGree, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/533182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Process noise distinguishes between indistinguishable population dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/539932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Event-Related Potential Study of Onset Primacy in Visual Change Detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/539932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Onset primacy is a behavioural phenomenon whereby humans identify the appearance of an object (onset) with greater efficiency than other kinds of visual change, such as the disappearance of an object (offset). The default mode hypothesis explains this phenomenon by postulating that the attentional system is optimised for onset detection in its initial state. The present study extended this hypothesis by combining a change detection task and measurement of the P300 event-related potential, which was thought to index the amount of processing resources available to detecting onsets and offsets. In an experiment, while brain activity was monitored by electroencephalography, participants indicated the locations of onsets and offsets under the condition in which they occurred equally often in the same locations across trials. Although there was no reason to prioritise detecting one type of change over the other, onsets were detected more quickly and they evoked a larger P300 than offsets. These results suggest that processing resources are preferentially allocated to onset detection. This biased allocation may be a basis on which the attentional system defaults to the  onset detection mode.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Pelt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donaldson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/539932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Event-Related Potential Study of Onset Primacy in Visual Change Detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/557702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mathematical models incorporating a multi-stage cell cycle explain synchronisation in proliferation experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/557702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a suite of experimental data showing that cell proliferation assays, prepared using standard methods thought to produce asynchronous cell populations, persistently exhibit inherent synchronisation. Our experiments use fluorescent cell cycle indicators to reveal the normally-hidden cell synchronisation by highlighting oscillatory subpopulations within the total cell population. These oscillatory subpopulations would never be observed without these cell cycle indicators. On the other hand, our experimental data show that the total cell population appears to grow exponentially, as in an asynchronous population. We reconcile these seemingly inconsistent observations by employing a multi-stage mathematical model of cell proliferation that can replicate the oscillatory subpopulations. Our study has important implications for understanding and improving experimental reproducibility. In particular, inherent synchronisation may affect the experimental reproducibility of studies aiming to investigate cell cycle-dependent mechanisms, including changes in migration and drug response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vittadello, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/557702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mathematical models incorporating a multi-stage cell cycle explain synchronisation in proliferation experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/560565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A rare SMAD9 mutation identifies the BMP signalling pathway as a potential osteoanabolic target 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/560565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To identify targets for novel anabolic medicines for osteoporosis, we recruited a large cohort with unexplained high bone mass (HBM). Exome sequencing identified a rare (minor allele frequency 0.0014) missense mutation in SMAD9 (c.65T>C, p.Leu22Pro) segregating with HBM in an autosomal dominant family. The same mutation was identified in another two unrelated individuals with HBM. In-silico protein modelling predicts the mutation severely disrupts the MH1 DNA-binding domain of SMAD9. Affected individuals have bone mineral density [BMD] Z-Scores +3 to +5, with increased volumetric cortical and trabecular BMD, increased cortical thickness, and low/normal bone turnover. Fractures and nerve compressions are not seen. Both genome-wide, and gene-based association testing of heel estimated-BMD in >362,924 UK-Biobank British subjects showed strong associations with SMAD9 (PGWAS=6x10-16; PGENE =8x10-17). Smad9 is highly expressed in murine osteocytes and zebrafish bone tissue. Our findings support SMAD9 as a novel HBM gene, and a potential novel osteoanabolic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gregson, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sessions, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youlten, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croucher, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McInerney-Leo, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sergot, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paternoster, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey Smith, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The AOGC Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammond, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemp, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobias, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/560565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A rare SMAD9 mutation identifies the BMP signalling pathway as a potential osteoanabolic target]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/560623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain Aging in Major Depressive Disorder: Results from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/560623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality. We examined potential advanced brain aging in MDD patients, and whether this process is associated with clinical characteristics in a large multi-center international dataset.

MethodsWe performed a mega-analysis by pooling brain measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans from 29 samples worldwide. Normative brain aging was estimated by predicting chronological age (10-75 years) from 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness and 34 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 1,147 male and 1,386 female controls from the ENIGMA MDD working group. The learned model parameters were applied to 1,089 male controls and 1,167 depressed males, and 1,326 female controls and 2,044 depressed females to obtain independent unbiased brain-based age predictions. The difference between predicted "brain age" and chronological age was calculated to indicate brain predicted age difference (brain-PAD).

FindingsOn average, MDD patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +0.90 (SE 0.21) years (Cohens d=0.12, 95% CI 0.06-0.17) compared to controls. Relative to controls, first-episode and currently depressed patients showed higher brain-PAD (+1.2 [0.3] years), and the largest effect was observed in those with late-onset depression (+1.7 [0.7] years). In addition, higher brain-PAD was associated with higher self-reported depressive symptomatology (b=0.05, p=0.004).

InterpretationThis highly powered collaborative effort showed subtle patterns of abnormal structural brain aging in MDD. Substantial within-group variance and overlap between groups were observed. Longitudinal studies of MDD and somatic health outcomes are needed to further assess the predictive value of these brain-PAD estimates.

FundingThis work was supported, in part, by NIH grants U54 EB020403 and R01 MH116147.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinga, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aftanas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aghajani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baune, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brak, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busatto Filho, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carballedo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connolly, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couvy-Duchesne, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dannlowski, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dima, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enneking, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filimonova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frenzel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frodl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godlewska, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotlib, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabe, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groenewold, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotegerd, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermesdorf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosten, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kircher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimes-Dougan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krug, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagopoulos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leenings, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacMaster</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/560623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain Aging in Major Depressive Disorder: Results from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/570390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KLK4 inhibition by cyclic and acyclic peptides: structural and dynamical insights into standard-mechanism protease inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/570390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor (SFTI-1) is a 14-amino acid serine protease inhibitor. The dual anti-parallel {beta}-sheet arrangement of SFTI-1 is stabilized by a N-terminal-C-terminal backbone cyclization and a further disulfide bridge to form a final bicyclic structure. This constrained structure is further rigidified by an extensive network of internal hydrogen bonds. Thus, the structure of SFTI-1 in solution resembles the protease-bound structure, reducing the entropic penalty upon protease binding. When cleaved at the scissile bond, it is thought that the rigidifying features of SFTI-1 maintain its structure, allowing the scissile bond to be reformed. The lack of structural plasticity for SFTI-1 is proposed to favour initial protease binding and continued occupancy in the protease active site, resulting in an equilibrium between cleaved and uncleaved inhibitor in the presence of protease. We have determined, at 1.15 [A] resolution, the x-ray crystal structures of complexes between human kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) and SFTI-FCQR(Asn14), and between KLK4 and an acyclic form of the same inhibitor, SFTI-FCQR(Asn14)[1,14], with the latter displaying a cleaved scissile bond. Structural analysis and MD simulations together reveal the roles of altered contact sequence, intramolecular hydrogen bonding network and backbone cyclization, in altering the state of SFTIs scissile bond ligation at the protease active site. Taken together, the data presented reveal insights into the role of dynamics in the standard-mechanism inhibition, and suggest that modifications on the noncontact strand may be a useful, underexplored approach for generating further potent or selective SFTI-based inhibitors against members of the serine protease family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riley, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilyichova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Veer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>swedberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoke, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/570390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KLK4 inhibition by cyclic and acyclic peptides: structural and dynamical insights into standard-mechanism protease inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/571430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shotgun metagenomics reveals an enrichment of potentially cross-reactive bacterial epitopes in ankylosing spondylitis patients, as well as the effects of TNFi therapy and the host’s genotype upon microbiome composition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/571430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse evidence including clinical, genetic and microbiome studies support a major role of the gut microbiome in the common immune-mediated arthropathy, ankylosing spondylitis (AS). To further investigate this we performed metagenomic analysis of a case-control cohort of 250 Han-Chinese subjects. Previous reports of gut dysbiosis in AS were re-confirmed and several notable bacterial species and functional categories were differentially abundant. TNF-inhibitor (TNFi) therapy at least partially restored the perturbed microbiome observed in untreated AS cases to that of healthy controls, including several important bacterial species that have been previously associated with AS and other related diseases. Enrichment of bacterial peptides homologous to HLA-B27-presented epitopes was observed in the stools of AS patients, suggesting that either HLA-B27 fails to clear these or that they are involved in driving HLA-B27-associated immune reactions. TNFi therapy of AS patients was also associated with a reduction of potentially arthritogenic bacterial peptides, relative to untreated patients. An AS-associated SNP in RUNX3 significantly influenced the microbiome in two independent cohorts, highlighting a host genotype (other than HLA-B27) potentially influencing AS via the microbiome. These findings emphasise the key role that the gut microbiome plays in driving the pathogenesis of AS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternes, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/571430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shotgun metagenomics reveals an enrichment of potentially cross-reactive bacterial epitopes in ankylosing spondylitis patients, as well as the effects of TNFi therapy and the host’s genotype upon microbiome composition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic architecture of sporadic and recurrent miscarriage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Miscarriage is a common complex trait that affects 10-25% of clinically confirmed pregnancies1,2. Here we present the first large-scale genetic association analyses with 69,118 cases from five different ancestries for sporadic miscarriage and 750 cases of European ancestry for recurrent miscarriage, and up to 359,469 female controls. We identify one genome-wide significant association on chromosome 13 (rs146350366, minor allele frequency (MAF) 1.2%, Pmeta=3.2x -8 (CI) 1.2-1.6) for sporadic miscarriage in our European ancestry meta-analysis (50,060 cases and 174,109 controls), located near FGF9 involved in pregnancy maintenance3 and progesterone production4. Additionally, we identified three genome-wide significant associations for recurrent miscarriage, including a signal on chromosome 9 (rs7859844, MAF=6.4%, Pmeta=1.3x -8 in controlling extravillous trophoblast motility5. We further investigate the genetic architecture of miscarriage with biobank-scale Mendelian randomization, heritability and, genetic correlation analyses. Our results implicate that miscarriage etiopathogenesis is partly driven by genetic variation related to gonadotropin regulation, placental biology and progesterone production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laisk, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, A. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Painter, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacelis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepamets, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millwood, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southcombe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byberg-Grauholm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helgeland, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hougaard, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juodakis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kartsonaki, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukushkina, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metspalu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortensen, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Njolstad, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyholt, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippincott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seminara, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salumets, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snieder, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zondervan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nea</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/575167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic architecture of sporadic and recurrent miscarriage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/579896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nitroxide functionalized antibiotics are promising eradication agents against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/579896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-related infections represents an important medical challenge worldwide, as biofilms, even of drug-susceptible S. aureus strains, are highly refectory to conventional antibiotic therapy. Nitroxides were recently shown to induce dispersal of Gram-negative biofilms in vitro, but their action against Gram-positive bacterial biofilms remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that the biofilm dispersal activity of nitroxides extends to S. aureus, a clinically important Gram-positive pathogen. Co-administration of the nitroxide CTEMPO with ciprofloxacin significantly improved the antibiotics biofilm-eradication activity against S. aureus. Moreover, covalently linking the nitroxide to the antibiotic moiety further reduced ciprofloxacins minimal biofilm eradication concentration. Microscopy analysis revealed that fluorescent nitroxide-antibiotic hybrids could penetrate S. aureus biofilms and enter into cells localising at the surface and base of the biofilm structure. No toxicity was observed for the nitroxide CTEMPO and the nitroxide-antibiotic hybrids against human cells. Taken together, our results show that nitroxides can mediate dispersal of Gram-positive biofilms and that dual-acting biofilm-eradication antibiotics could provide broad-spectrum therapies for the treatment of biofilm-related infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Verderosa, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhouib, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairfull-Smith, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/579896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nitroxide functionalized antibiotics are promising eradication agents against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/599712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting sediment and nutrient concentrations from high-frequency water-quality data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/599712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Water-quality monitoring in rivers often focuses on the concentrations of sediments and nutrients, constituents that can smother biota and cause eutrophication. However, the physical and economic constraints of manual sampling prohibit data collection at the frequency required to adequately capture the variation in concentrations through time. Here, we developed models to predict total suspended solids (TSS) and oxidized nitrogen (NOx) concentrations based on high-frequency time series of turbidity, conductivity and river level data from in situ sensors in rivers flowing into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. We fit generalized-linear mixed-effects models with continuous first-order autoregressive correlation structures to water-quality data collected by manual sampling at two freshwater sites and one estuarine site and used the fitted models to predict TSS and NOx from the in situ sensor data. These models described the temporal autocorrelation in the data and handled observations collected at irregular frequencies, characteristics typical of water-quality monitoring data. Turbidity proved a useful and generalizable surrogate of TSS, with high predictive ability in the estuarine and fresh water sites. Turbidity, conductivity and river level served as combined surrogates of NOx. However, the relationship between NOx and the covariates was more complex than that between TSS and turbidity, and consequently the ability to predict NOx was lower and less generalizable across sites than for TSS. Furthermore, prediction intervals tended to increase during events, for both TSS and NOx models, highlighting the need to include measures of uncertainty routinely in water-quality reporting. Our study also highlights that surrogate-based models used to predict sediments and nutrients need to better incorporate temporal components if variance estimates are to be unbiased and model inference meaningful. The transferability of models across sites, and potentially regions, will become increasingly important as organizations move to automated sensing for water-quality monitoring throughout catchments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leigh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandanaarachchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGree, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyndman, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsibai, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengersen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/599712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting sediment and nutrient concentrations from high-frequency water-quality data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/604637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical biofilm dislodgement with chelating and reducing agents in comparison to sonication: implications for the diagnosis of implant associated infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/604637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sonication of removed devices improved the microbiological diagnosis of infection. Recently, chemical agents have been investigated for dislodgement of biofilms, including the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). We compared the efficacy of chemical methods (EDTA and DTT) to sonication for biofilm dislodgement. Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 35984) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 53278) biofilms were grown on porous glass beads for 3 days. After biofilm formation, beads were exposed to 0.9% saline, sonication and/or chemical agents. Quantitative and qualitative biofilm analyses were performed by colony counting (CFU/ml), isothermal microcalorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The colony counts after treatment with EDTA and DTT were similar to those after exposure to 0.9% saline (6.3, 6.1 and 6.0 log CFU/ml, respectively) for S. epidermidis biofilms, and (5.1, 5.2 and 5.0 log CFU/ml, respectively) for P. aeruginosa biofilm. Sonication detected higher CFU counts (7.5 log CFU/ml) for S. epidermidis; (p<0.05) and 6.5 log for P. aeruginosa biofilm (p <0.05). Concordant results were detected with isothermal microcalorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. In conclusion, the CFU count after treatment of S. epidermidis or P. aeruginosa biofilms with EDTA and DTT was similar to those observed after 0.9% saline used as control. In contrast, sonication was superior to chemical methods for biofilm dislodgment and detection of microorganisms in sonication fluid. In conclusion, our study showed that sonication is superior to chemical method to dislodge bacterial biofilm from artificial surface and should be considered as standard diagnostic method for biofilm detection in implant-associated infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karbysheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butini, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Luca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuetz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trampuz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/604637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical biofilm dislodgement with chelating and reducing agents in comparison to sonication: implications for the diagnosis of implant associated infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/619718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic hazard score to personalize prostate cancer screening, applied to population data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/619718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGenetic risk stratification may inform decisions of whether--and when--a man should undergo prostate cancer (PCa) screening. We previously validated a polygenic hazard score (PHS), a weighted sum of 54 single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes, for accurate prediction of age of onset of aggressive PCa and improved screening performance. We now assess the potential impact of PHS-informed screening.nnMethodsUnited Kingdom population data were fit to a continuous model of age-specific PCa incidence. Using hazard ratios estimated from ProtecT trial data, age-specific incidence rates were calculated for percentiles of genetic risk. Incidence of higher-grade PCa (Gleason[&ge;]7) was estimated from age-specific data from the linked CAP trial. PHS and incidence data were combined to give a risk-equivalent age, when a man with a given PHS percentile will have risk of higher-grade PCa equivalent to that of a typical man at age 50 (50-years standard). Positive predictive value (PPV) of PSA testing was calculated using PHS-adjusted (PCa-risk-equivalent age) groups identified from ProtecT.nnResultsExpected age of onset of higher-grade PCa is modulated by 19 years between the 1st and 99th PHS percentiles. A man with PHS in the 99th percentile reaches 50-years-standard risk at age 41; conversely, a man in the 1st percentile reaches this risk at age 60. PPV of PSA was higher for men with higher PHS-adjusted age.nnConclusionsPHS informs PCa screening strategies with individualized estimates of risk-equivalent age for higher-grade PCa. Screening initiation could be adjusted according to a mans genetic hazard score, improving PPV of PSA screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huynh-Le, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunamuni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdy, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eeles, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easton, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kote-Jarai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin Al Olama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benlloch Garcia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiklund, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleutker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sipeky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tammela, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordestgaard, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Key, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travis, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pharoah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pashayan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaw, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibodeau, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonnell, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaid, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luedeke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herkommer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kibel, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cybulski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wokolorczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluzniak, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon-Albright,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/619718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic hazard score to personalize prostate cancer screening, applied to population data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning supervised embeddings for large scale sequence comparisons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Similarity-based search of sequence collections is a core task in bioinformatics, one dominated for most of the genomic era by exact and heuristic alignment-based algorithms. However, even efficient heuristics such as BLAST may not scale to the data sets now emerging, motivating a range of alignment-free alternatives exploiting the underlying lexical structure of each sequence.nnIn this paper, we introduce SuperVec, a novel supervised approach to learning sequence embeddings. Our method extends earlier Representation Learning (RL) based methods to include jointly contextual and class-related information for each sequence during training. This ensures that related sequence fragments have proximal representations in the target space, better reflecting the structure of the domain.nnSuch representations may be used for downstream machine learning tasks or employed directly. Here, we apply SuperVec embeddings to a sequence retrieval task, where the goal is to retrieve sequences with the same family label as a given query. The SuperVec approach is extended further through H-SuperVec, a tree-based hierarchical method which learns embeddings across a range of feature spaces based on the class labels and their exclusive and exhaustive subsets.nnExperiments show that supervised learning of embeddings based on sequence labels using SuperVec and H-SuperVec provides a substantial improvement in retrieval performance over existing (unsupervised) RL-based approaches. Further, the new methods are an order of magnitude faster than BLAST for the database retrieval task, supporting hybrid approaches in which SuperVec rapidly filters the collection so that only potentially relevant records remain, allowing slower, more accurate methods to be executed quickly over a far smaller dataset. Thus, we may achieve faster query processing and higher precision than before.nnFinally, for some problems, direct use of embeddings is already sufficient to yield high levels of precision and recall. Extending this work to encompass weaker homology is the subject of ongoing research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kimothi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biyani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/620153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning supervised embeddings for large scale sequence comparisons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/628016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Corticomuscular control of walking in older people and people with Parkinson’s disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/628016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes in human gait that result from ageing or neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial. Here we assess the effects of age and Parkinsons disease (PD) on corticospinal control in electrophysiological activity recorded during treadmill and overground walking. Electroencephalography (EEG) from 10 electrodes and electromyography (EMG) from two leg muscles were acquired from 22 healthy young, 24 healthy older and 20 adults with PD. Event-related power, corticomuscular coherence (CMC) and inter-trial coherence were assessed for EEG from bilateral sensorimotor cortices and EMG from tibialis anterior muscles during the double support phase of the gait cycle. CMC and EMG power in the low beta band (13-21 Hz) was significantly decreased in older and PD participants compared to young people, but there was no difference between older and PD groups. Older and PD participants spent shorter time in the swing phase than young individuals. These findings indicate age-related changes in the temporal coordination of gait. The decrease in beta CMC suggests reduced cortical input to spinal motor neurons in older people during the double support phase. We also observed multiple changes in electrophysiological measures at high beta and low gamma frequencies during treadmill compared to overground walking, indicating task-dependent differences in corticospinal locomotor control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roeder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boonstra, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/628016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Corticomuscular control of walking in older people and people with Parkinson’s disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/628685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homoploid hybridization signals due to ancestral subdivision: a case study on the D lineage in wheat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/628685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Homoploid hybrid speciation has been reported in a wide range of species since the exploitation of genome sequences in evolutionary studies. However, the interference of ancestral subdivision has not been adequately considered in many such investigations. Using the D lineage in wheat as an example, we showed clearly that ancestral subdivision has led to false detection of homoploid hybridization signals. We develop a novel statistical framework by examining the changes in shared ancestral variations and infer on the likelihood of speciation due to genuine homoploid hybridization or ancestral subdivisions. Applying this to wheat data, we found that homoploid hybridization was not involved in the origin of the D lineage contrary to the now widely held belief. This example indicates that the significance of homoploid hybrid speciation is likely exaggerated. The underlying methodology developed in this study should be valuable for clarifying whether homoploid hybridization has contributed to the speciation of many other species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/628685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homoploid hybridization signals due to ancestral subdivision: a case study on the D lineage in wheat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/630004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amplification of the V5 - V8 region of the 16S rRNA gene effectively speciates medically important genital tract Lactobacillus species in the upper female genital tract 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/630004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe endometrial cavity is an upper genital tract site largely heralded as sterile, however, advances in culture-independent, next generation sequencing technology have revealed that this site harbours a rich microbial community which includes multiple Lactobacillus species. These bacteria are considered to be the most common non-pathogenic genital tract commensals. Next-generation sequencing of the female lower genital tract has revealed significant variation amongst microbial community composition with respect to Lactobacillus sp. in samples collected from healthy and diseased women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize genital tract lactobacilli to species-level taxonomy.nnMethodsSamples were interrogated for the presence of microbial DNA using two-step next generation sequencing technology to exploit the V5-V8 regions of the 16S rRNA gene and compared to standard speciation using qPCR.nnResultsThe V5-V8 region of the 16S rRNA gene has sufficient sequence variation within frequently encountered genital tract lactobacilli to allow accurate determination of relative abundance within the community, and speciation for several key community members without completing additional experimentation.nnConclusionsNext-generation sequencing of clinical genital tract isolates is an effective method for high throughput identification to species-level of key Lactobacillus sp.nnIMPORTANCEHuman microbiome experiments, including the low biomass organs such as the upper genital tract, require the development of consensus protocols to ensure accurate comparison between such studies and our data forms an important foundation for future protocols.nnThis paper provides evidence to support the selection of the V5-V8 regions of the 16S rRNA gene improved Lactobacillus speciation using next generation sequencing technology. The choice of variable region for broad-range amplification in microbiome studies is important due to preferential primer binding associated with some genera based on nucleotide sequence patterns. By utilising the V5-V8 region, multiple species of Lactobacillus can be characterised with relative confidence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Callaghan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buttini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huygens, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelzer, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/630004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amplification of the V5 - V8 region of the 16S rRNA gene effectively speciates medically important genital tract Lactobacillus species in the upper female genital tract]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/644732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The rapid regenerative response of a model sea anemone species Exaiptasia pallida is characterised by tissue plasticity and highly coordinated cell communication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/644732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regeneration of a limb or tissue can be achieved through multiple different pathways and mechanisms. The sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida has been observed to have excellent regenerative proficiency but this has not yet been described transcriptionally. In this study we examined the genetic expression changes during a regenerative timecourse and report key genes involved in regeneration and wound healing. We found that the major response was an early upregulation of genes involved in cellular movement and cell communication, which likely contribute to a high level of tissue plasticity resulting in the rapid regeneration response observed in this species. We find the immune system is only transcriptionally active in the first eight hours post-amputation and conclude, in accordance with previous literature, that the immune system and regeneration have an inverse relationship. Fifty-nine genes (3.8% of total) differentially expressed during regeneration were identified as having no orthologues in other species, indicating that regeneration in E. pallida may rely on the activation of species-specific novel genes. Additionally, taxonomically-restricted novel genes, including species-specific novels, and highly conserved genes were identified throughout the regenerative timecourse, showing that both may work in concert to achieve complete regeneration. We conclude that E. pallida behaves similarly to other anemone species such as Nematostella vectensis and Calliactis polypus but with some notable novel differences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van der Burg, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavasovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilding, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelzer, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surm, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prentis, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/644732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The rapid regenerative response of a model sea anemone species Exaiptasia pallida is characterised by tissue plasticity and highly coordinated cell communication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using virtual reality and thermal imagery to improve statistical modelling of vulnerable and protected species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biodiversity loss and sparse observational data mean that critical conservation decisions may be based on little to no information. Emerging technologies, such as airborne thermal imaging and virtual reality, may facilitate species monitoring and improve predictions of species distribution. Here we combined these two technologies to predict the distribution of koalas, specialized arboreal foliovores facing population declines in many parts of eastern Australia. For a study area in southeast Australia, we complemented ground-survey records with presence and absence observations from thermal-imagery obtained using Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Systems. These field observations were further complemented with information elicited from koala experts, who were immersed in 360-degree images of the study area. The experts were asked to state the probability of observing a koala at sites they viewed and to assign each probability a confidence rating. We fit logistic regression models to the ground survey data and the ground plus thermal-imagery survey data and a beta regression model to the expert elicitation data. We then combined parameter estimates from the expert-elicitation model with those from each of the survey models to predict koala presence and absence in the study area. The model that combined the ground, thermal-imagery and expert-elicitation data substantially reduced the uncertainty around parameter estimates and increased the accuracy of classifications (koala presence vs absence), relative to the model based on ground-survey data alone. Our findings suggest that data elicited from experts using virtual reality technology can be combined with data from other emerging technologies, such as airborne thermal-imagery, using traditional statistical models, to increase the information available for species distribution modelling and the conservation of vulnerable and protected species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leigh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heron, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clifford, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holloway, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGree, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengersen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/645291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using virtual reality and thermal imagery to improve statistical modelling of vulnerable and protected species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/652099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Numerical Investigation of Drug Transport from Blood Vessels to Tumor Tissue Using a Tumor-Vasculature-on-a-Chip 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/652099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The delivery of adequate concentration of anticancer drugs to tumor site is critical to achieve effective therapeutic treatment, but it is challenging to experimentally observe drug transport and investigate the spatial distribution of the drug in tumor microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the drug transport from a blood vessel to tumor tissue, and explored the effect of tumor size, tumor numbers and positioning on drug concentration distribution using a numerical method in combination with a microfluidic Tumor-Vasculature-on-a-Chip (TVOC) model. The TVOC model is composed of a vessel channel, a tumor channel sandwiched with a porous membrane. A species transport model based on computational fluid dynamics was adapted to investigate drug transport. The numerical simulation was firstly validated using experimental data, and then used to analyse the spatial-temporal structure of the flow, and to investigate the effect of tumor size and positioning on drug transport and drug concentration heterogeneity. We found the drug concentration surrounding the tumor is highly heterogeneous, with the most downstream point the most difficult for drugs to transport and the nearest point to the blood vessel the easiest. Moreover, tumor size and positioning contribute significantly to this drug concentration heterogeneity on tumor surface, which is dramatically augmented in large and downstream-positioned tumors. These studies established the relationship between solid tumor size/positioning and drug concentration heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment, which could help to understand heterogenous drug distribution in tumor microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/652099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Numerical Investigation of Drug Transport from Blood Vessels to Tumor Tissue Using a Tumor-Vasculature-on-a-Chip]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/655076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimizing functional groups in ecosystem models: Case study of the Great Barrier Reef 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/655076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uncertainty is inherent in ecosystem modelling, however its effects on modelling results are often poorly understood or ignored. This study addresses the issue of structural uncertainty or, more specifically, model resolution and its impact on the analysis of ecosystem vulnerability to threats. While guidelines for node assignments exist, they are not underlined with quantitative analysis. Different resolutions of a coral reef network are investigated by comparing the simulated network dynamics over time in various threat scenarios. We demonstrate that the error between a higher-resolution and a lower-resolution models increases, first slowly then rapidly with increased degree of node aggregation. This informs the choice of an optimal model resolution whereby a finer level of a food web representation yields only minimal additional accuracy, while increasing computational cost substantially. Furthermore, our analysis shows that species biomass ratio and the production ratio are important parameters to guide node aggregation to minimize the error.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haller-Bull, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovenskaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/655076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimizing functional groups in ecosystem models: Case study of the Great Barrier Reef]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial and epidemiologic features of dengue in Sabah, Malaysia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In South East Asia, dengue epidemics have increased in size and geographical distribution in recent years. Most studies investigating dengue transmission and control have had an urban focus, while less consideration is currently given to rural settings, or where urban and rural areas overlap. We examined the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemiological characteristics of reported dengue cases in the predominantly rural state of Sabah, in Malaysian Borneo - an area where sylvatic and urban circulation of pathogens are known to intersect. We found that annual dengue incidence rates were spatially variable over the 7-year study period from 2010-2016 (state-wide mean annual incidence of 21 cases/100,000 people; range 5-42/100,000), but were highest in rural localities in the western districts of the state (Kuala Penyu, Nabawan, Tenom and Kota Marudu). The eastern districts exhibited lower overall dengue rates; however, we noted a concentration of severe (haemorrhagic) dengue cases (44%) in Sandakan and Tawau districts. Dengue incidence was slightly higher for males than females, and was significantly higher for both genders aged between 10 and 29 years (24/100,000; p=0.029). The largest ever recorded outbreaks occurred during 2015-2016, with the vector Aedes albopictus found to be most prevalent in both urban and rural households (House Index of 64%), compared with Ae. Aegypti (15%). These findings suggest that dengue outbreaks in Sabah are driven by the sporadic expansion of dengue virus in both urban and rural settings. This may require tailoring of preventative strategies to suit different transmission ecologies across Sabah. Further studies to better understand the drivers of dengue in Sabah may aid dengue control efforts in Malaysia, and more broadly in South East Asia.nnAuthor summaryIn order to combat the rising regional incidence of dengue in South East Asia, the drivers of transmission must be better characterised across different environmental settings. We conducted the first retrospective analysis of dengue epidemiology in the predominantly rural state of Sabah, Malaysia, where both urban and sylvatic transmission cycles exist. Human notification data over a 7-year period were reviewed and spatiotemporal and demographic risk factors identified. We found: O_LIUrban habitats and population density are not the only determinants mediating the spread of epidemic dengue in Sabah. Case from both urban and rural localities contributed equally to dengue outbreaks.nC_LIO_LIHuman demographic risk factors included being aged between 10 and 29 years, and being male.nC_LIO_LIHigh incidence areas for dengue do not predict the occurrence of severe dengue. Severe dengue was largely localised to lower incidence districts in the east of the state.nC_LIO_LIThe sole presence of Aedes albopictus in and around the majority of urban and rural case households suggests that this vector may play a major role in facilitating outbreaks.nC_LInnA complex interplay of risk factors likely mediates dengue transmission in Sabah, influenced by both regional climate trends and localised human and ecological influences. This study emphasises that the increasing spread of dengue in urban South East Asia is also mirrored in more rural areas, and suggests a need for control strategies that address both urban and rural dengue risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajahram, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jilip, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maluda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devine, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frentiu, F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/657031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial and epidemiologic features of dengue in Sabah, Malaysia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/668848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perlin Noise Generation of Physiologically Realistic Patterns of Fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/668848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibrosis, the pathological excess of fibroblast activity, is a significant health issue that hinders the function of many organs in the body, in some cases fatally. However, the severity of fibrosis-derived conditions depends on both the positioning of fibrotic affliction, and the microscopic patterning of fibroblast-deposited matrix proteins within afflicted regions. Variability in an individuals manifestation of a type of fibrosis is an important factor in explaining differences in symptoms, optimum treatment and prognosis, but a need for ex vivo procedures and a lack of experimental control over conflating factors has meant this variability remains poorly understood. In this work, we present a computational methodology for the generation of patterns of fibrosis microstructure, demonstrating the technique using histological images of four types of cardiac fibrosis. Our generator and automated tuning method prove flexible enough to capture each of these very distinct patterns, allowing for rapid generation of new realisations for high-throughput computational studies. We also demonstrate via simulation, using the generated fibrotic patterns, the importance of micro-scale variability by showing significant differences in electrophysiological impact even within a single class of fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jakes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drovandi, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueno-Orovio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dos Santos, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, B. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/668848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perlin Noise Generation of Physiologically Realistic Patterns of Fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/673202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revisiting the Fisher-KPP equation to interpret the spreading-extinction dichotomy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/673202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Fisher-KPP model supports travelling wave solutions that are successfully used to model numerous invasive phenomena with applications in biology, ecology, and combustion theory. However, there are certain phenomena that the Fisher-KPP model cannot replicate, such as the extinction of invasive populations. The Fisher-Stefan model is an adaptation of the Fisher-KPP model to include a moving boundary whose evolution is governed by a Stefan condition. The Fisher-Stefan model also supports travelling wave solutions; however, a key additional feature of the Fisher-Stefan model is that it is able to simulate population extinction, giving rise to a spreading-extinction dichotomy. In this work, we revisit travelling wave solutions of the Fisher-KPP model and show that these results provide new insight into travelling wave solutions of the Fisher-Stefan model and the spreading-extinction dichotomy. Using a combination of phase plane analysis, perturbation analysis and linearisation, we establish a concrete relationship between travelling wave solutions of the Fisher-Stefan model and often-neglected travelling wave solutions of the Fisher-KPP model. Furthermore, we give closed-form approximate expressions for the shape of the travelling wave solutions of the Fisher-Stefan model in the limit of slow travelling wave speeds, c << 1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>El-Hachem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/673202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revisiting the Fisher-KPP equation to interpret the spreading-extinction dichotomy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inorganic salts and compatible solutes help mesophilic bacteria inhabit the high temperature waters of a Trans-Himalayan sulfur-borax spring 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While geographically-/geologically-distinct hot springs harbor different levels of microbial diversity, some of them encompass several such taxa which have no strain reported for laboratory growth at >45{degrees}C. We, therefore, hypothesized that native geomicrobial factors could be potent determinants of the microbial habitability of hot spring environments. To test this hypothesis, aquatic microbial communities were revealed metataxonomically, and considered in the context of spring-water chemistry, along the 85-14{degrees}C hydrothermal gradient of a sulfur-boron spring named Lotus Pond located at 4,436 m, within the Puga geothermal area of the Indian Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. Water samples were studied from four distinct sites along Lotus Ponds spring-water transit from the vent to an adjacent river called Rulang. Insinuations obtained from geomicrobiological data were tested via pure-culture growth experiments in habitat-inspired media. Microbial diversities were found to be high at all the sample-sites; majority of the genera identified at the 70-85{degrees}C sites were found to have no report of laboratory growth at >45{degrees}C; concurrently, these sample-sites had high concentrations of the kosmotropic solutes boron, lithium, sodium, sulfide, thiosulfate and sulfate, which are known to biophysically stabilize macromolecules. Based on the universal thermodynamic status of these solutes, we conjectured that they may be instrumental in helping mesophiles withstand high in situ temperatures. Corroboratively, growth experiments with a mesophilic, 80{degrees}C-isolate, Paracoccus SMMA_5 showed that at 50{degrees}C and 70{degrees}C, depending on the incubation-time, lithium/boron/sulfate/sodium/glycine-betaine either increases the number of colony-forming units present in the culture or arrests decline of the same. Incubations at 70{degrees}C, followed by fluorescein diacetate staining and flow cytometry, showed that these solutes keep more cells under viable condition than in ready-to-divide state. We concluded that kosmotropes and compatible solutes help mesophiles overcome the chaotropic effects of heat by augmenting such indigenous, entropy-minimizing biophysical mechanisms that apparently trade-off cell division for cell viability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mondal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peketi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mapder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rameez, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haldar, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volvoikar, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazumdar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/678680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inorganic salts and compatible solutes help mesophilic bacteria inhabit the high temperature waters of a Trans-Himalayan sulfur-borax spring]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effect of sample size on polygenic hazard models for prostate cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We aimed to determine the effect of sample size on performance of polygenic hazard score (PHS) models in predicting the age at onset of prostate cancer. Age and genotypes were obtained for 40,861 men from the PRACTICAL consortium. The dataset included 201,590 SNPs per subject, and was split into training (34,444 samples) and testing (6,417 samples) sets. Two PHS model-building strategies were investigated. Established-SNP model considered 65 SNPs that had been associated with prostate cancer in the literature. A stepwise SNP selection was used to develop Discovery-SNP models. The performance of each PHS model was calculated for random sizes of the training set (1 to 30 thousand). The performance of a representative Established-SNP model was estimated for random sizes of the testing set (0.5 to 6 thousand). Mean HR98/50 (hazard ratio of top 2% to the average in the test set) of the Established-SNP model increased from 1.73[95%CI: 1.69-1.77] to 2.41[2.40-2.43] when the number of training samples was increased from 1 to 30 thousand. The corresponding HR98/50 of the Discovery-SNP model increased from 1.05[0.93-1.18] to 2.19[2.16-2.23]. HR98/50 of a representative Established-SNP model using testing set sample sizes of 0.6 and 6 thousand observations were 1.78[1.70-1.85] and 1.73[1.71-1.76], respectively. We estimate that a study population of 20 to 30 thousand men is required to develop Discovery-SNP PHS models for prostate cancer. The required sample size could be reduced to 10 thousand samples, if a set of SNPs associated with the disease has already been established.nnAuthor summaryPolygenic hazard scores represent a recent advancement in polygenic prediction to model the age of onset of various diseases, such as Alzheimers disease or prostate cancer. These scores accumulate small effect sizes from several tens of genetic variants and can be used to establish an individuals risk of experiencing an event relative to a control population across time. The largest barrier to the development of polygenic hazard scores is the large number of study subjects needed to develop the underlying models. We sought to understand the effect of varying the total number of samples on the performance of a polygenic hazard score in the context of prostate cancer. We found that the performance of the score did not appreciably change beyond 20 to 30 thousand observations when developing the model from scratch. However, when the discovery of the genetic variants can be borrowed from those already identified in the literature to be associated with the disease, the required number of samples is reduced to 10 thousand with no appreciable detriment in performance. We hope that these results can guide the design of future studies of polygenic scores in other diseases and demonstrate the importance of genome-wide association studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karunamuni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huynh-Le, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eeles, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kote-Jarai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Olama, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiklund, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleutker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sipeky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tammela, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordestgaard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Key, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdy, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pharoah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pashayan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaw, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibodeau, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonnell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaid, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luedeke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herkommer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kibel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cybulski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wokolorczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluzniak, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon-Albright, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schöttker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holleczek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sellers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slavov, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaneva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/679092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effect of sample size on polygenic hazard models for prostate cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/682070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type specific analysis of heterogeneous methylation signal using a Bayesian model-based approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/682070v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationEpigenome-wide studies are often performed using heterogeneous methylation samples, especially when there is no prior information as to which cell-types are disease associated. While much work has been done in ascertaining cell-type fractions and removing cell-type heterogeneity variation, relatively little work has been done in identifying cell-type specific variation in heterogeneous samples.nnResultsIn this paper, we present a Bayesian model-based approach for making cell-type specific inferences in heterogeneous settings, by using a logit-Normal sampling distribution and incorporating a priori knowledge of cell-type lineage. The method is applied to the detection of cell-type specific sex effects in methylation, where cell-type information is present as an independent verification of the results. Panels derived from this method contained more loci where CD8+T, CD19+B and Natural Killer cell-types were differentially methylated. The analysis suggests that an ensemble approach with this method included could be used for discovering cell-type specific methylation changes.nnAvailabilityhttps://github.com/danwkenn/Bayes_CDM
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benton, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lea, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengersen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/682070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type specific analysis of heterogeneous methylation signal using a Bayesian model-based approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/682203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The long non-coding RNA GHSROS reprograms prostate cancer cell lines toward a more aggressive phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/682203v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is now appreciated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important players in the orchestration of cancer progression. In this study we characterized GHSROS, a human lncRNA gene on the opposite DNA strand (antisense) to the ghrelin receptor gene, in prostate cancer. The lncRNA was upregulated by prostate tumors from different clinical datasets. Consistently, transcriptome data revealed that GHSROS alters the expression of cancer-associated genes. Functional analyses in vitro showed that GHSROS mediates tumor growth, migration, and survival and resistance to the cytotoxic drug docetaxel. Increased cellular proliferation of GHSROS-overexpressing PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines in vitro was recapitulated in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Conversely, in vitro antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of the lncRNA reciprocally regulated cell growth and migration, and gene expression. Notably, GHSROS modulates the expression of PPP2R2C, the loss of which may drive androgen receptor pathway-independent prostate tumor progression in a subset of prostate cancers. Collectively, our findings suggest that GHSROS can reprogram prostate cancer cells toward a more aggressive phenotype and that this lncRNA may represent a potential therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffery, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gahete, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteside, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walpole, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maugham, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunter, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herington, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luque, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veedu, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopin, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/682203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The long non-coding RNA GHSROS reprograms prostate cancer cell lines toward a more aggressive phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/684217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The chromatin remodeler SMARCD3 regulates cell cycle progression and its expression predicts survival outcome in ER+ breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/684217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin remodeling plays an essential role in regulating transcriptional networks and timing of gene expression. Chromatin remodelers such as SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) harbor many protein components, with the catalytic subunit providing ATPase activity to displace histones along or from the DNA molecules, and associated subunits ensuring tissue specificity and transcriptional or co-transcriptional activities. Mutations in several of the SWI/SNF subunits have been linked to cancer. Here, we describe how SMARCD3/Baf60c expression is associated with hormone positive (ER+) breast cancer. The level SMARCD3, as detected by immunohistochemistry in breast cancer patient samples, is correlated with differential long-term disease-free survival. In contrast, the expression level of SMARCD1/Baf60a and SMARCD2/Baf60b, which are mutually exclusive within the SWI/SNF complex and have a partially redundant function, lacks predictive value in breast cancer patient samples. Lower proliferation rates are observed in SMARCD3 depleted cells, which reflects a failure to fully progress through G2/M, and an increase in endoreplication. In the absence of SMARCD3, p21 accumulates in cells but does not halt the cell cycle, and DNA damage accumulates and remains unrepaired. Taken together, our data begin to explain why ER+ breast cancer patients with low SMARCD3 expressing tumors exhibit reduced survival rates compared to patients expressing normal or higher levels of SMARCD3. SMARCD3 might act as a tumor suppressor role through regulation of cell cycle checkpoints and could be a reliable and specific breast cancer prognostic biomarker.nnSignificanceMutations in chromatin remodelers are a leading cause of cancer. Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers represent approximately 80% of all cases diagnosed. Although these tumors can be treated with hormone therapy, most breast cancer fatalities occur in ER+ breast cancer patients, due to metastasis. Low expression of SMARCD3 in ER+ cancer is associated with diminished survival rates. As such, SMARCD3 could be used as a predictive biomarker for survival. In addition, we have identified a role for SMARCD3 in the cell cycle, which could at least partially explain its protective role in breast cancer. While catalytic subunits are often viewed as the major components in chromatin remodeling function, we show here new evidence that mutations or silencing of SMARCD3 may also contribute to genomic instability and thus development of breast cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tropee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Pena Avalos, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gough, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duijf, P. H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dray, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/684217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The chromatin remodeler SMARCD3 regulates cell cycle progression and its expression predicts survival outcome in ER+ breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extraction of common task features in EEG-fMRI data using coupled tensor-tensor decomposition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fusion of simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI data is of great value to neuroscience research due to the complementary properties of the individual modalities. Traditionally, techniques such as PCA and ICA, which rely on strong strong non-physiological assumptions such as orthogonality and statistical independence, have been used for this purpose. Recently, tensor decomposition techniques such as parallel factor analysis have gained more popularity in neuroimaging applications as they are able to inherently contain the multidimensionality of neuroimaging data and achieve uniqueness in decomposition without imposing strong assumptions. Previously, the coupled matrix-tensor decomposition (CMTD) has been applied for the fusion of the EEG and fMRI. Only recently the coupled tensor-tensor decomposition (CTTD) has been proposed. Here for the first time, we propose the use of CTTD of a 4th order EEG tensor (space, time, frequency, and participant) and 3rd order fMRI tensor (space, time, participant), coupled partially in time and participant domains, for the extraction of the task related features in both modalities. We used both the sensor-level and source-level EEG for the coupling. The phase shifted paradigm signals were incorporated as the temporal initializers of the CTTD to extract the task related features. The validation of the approach is demonstrated on simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings from six participants performing an N-Back memory task. The EEG and fMRI tensors were coupled in 9 components out of which 7 components had a high correlation (more than 0.85) with the task. The result of the fusion recapitulates the well-known attention network as being positively, and the default mode network working negatively time-locked to the memory task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jonmohamadi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muthukumaraswamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowford, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/685941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extraction of common task features in EEG-fMRI data using coupled tensor-tensor decomposition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/686030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate and efficient discretisations for stochastic models of cell migration and cell proliferation with crowding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/686030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how cells proliferate, migrate, and die in various environments is essential in determining how organisms develop and repair themselves. Continuum mathematical models, such as the logistic equation and the Fisher-Kolmogorov equation, can describe the global characteristics observed in commonly-used cell biology assays, such as proliferation and scratch assays. However, these continuum models do not account for single-cell-level mechanics observed in high-throughput experiments. Mathematical modelling frameworks that represent individual cells, often called agent-based models, can successfully describe key single-cell-level features of these assays, but are computationally infeasible when dealing with large populations. In this work, we propose an agent-based model with crowding effects that is computationally efficient and matches the logistic and Fisher-Kolmogorov equations in parameter regimes relevant to proliferation and scratch assays, respectively. This stochastic agent-based model allows multiple agents to be contained within compartments on an underlying lattice, thereby reducing the computational storage compared to existing agent-based models that allow one agent per site only. We propose a systematic method to determine a suitable compartment size. Implementing this compartment-based model with this compartment size provides a balance between computational storage, local resolution of agent behaviour, and agreement with classical continuum descriptions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fadai, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/686030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate and efficient discretisations for stochastic models of cell migration and cell proliferation with crowding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/705434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Continuum descriptions of spatial spreading for heterogeneous cell populations: theory and experiment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/705434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variability in cell populations is frequently observed in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Intrinsic differences within populations of cells, such as differences in cell sizes or differences in rates of cell motility, can be present even within a population of cells from the same cell line. We refer to this variability as cell heterogeneity. Mathematical models of cell migration, for example, in the context of tumour growth and metastatic invasion, often account for both undirected (random) migration and directed migration that is mediated by cell-to-cell contacts and cell-to-cell adhesion. A key feature of standard models is that they often assume that the population is composed of identical cells with constant properties. This leads to relatively simple single-species homogeneous models that neglect the role of heterogeneity. In this work, we use a continuum modelling approach to explore the role of heterogeneity in spatial spreading of cell populations. We employ a three-species heterogeneous model of cell motility that explicitly incorporates different types of experimentally-motivated heterogeneity in cell sizes: (i) monotonically decreasing; (ii) uniform; (iii) non-monotonic; and (iv) monotonically increasing distributions of cell size. Comparing the density profiles generated by the three-species heterogeneous model with density profiles predicted by a more standard single-species homogeneous model reveals that when we are dealing with monotonically decreasing and uniform distributions a simple and computationally efficient single-species homogeneous model can be remarkably accurate in describing the evolution of a heterogeneous cell population. In contrast, we find that the simpler single-species homogeneous model performs relatively poorly when applied to non-monotonic and monotonically in-creasing distributions of cell sizes. Additional results for heterogeneity in parameters describing both undirected and directed cell migration are also considered, and we find that similar results apply.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matsiaka, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/705434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Continuum descriptions of spatial spreading for heterogeneous cell populations: theory and experiment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/710400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulating the unfolded protein response: Impacts of radiation on the response of prostate cancer cells to ONC201 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/710400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men and a notable cause of cancer mortality when it metastasises. Localised disease is mostly treated with surgery or radiotherapy. As PCa develops and treatment resistance emerges, the unfolded protein response (UPR) arises as an important adaptive biology co-amplifying with key cancer drivers [1]. The UPR can be cytoprotective but when acutely activated can lead to cell death. In this study we sought to enhance the acute activation of the UPR using radiation and ONC201, previously reported to be an UPR activator [2]. We found that treating PCa cells with ONC201 quickly increases the expression of components in all arms of the UPR - ATF4, ATF6 and IRE1-XBP1 - culminating in the subsequent cell death. During this time window between UPR activation and cell death we tested the priming effect of short-term administration of ONC201 on radiation responses. Pre-treatment with ONC201 for 24 hours prior to irradiation led to enhanced cytotoxicity compared to radiation alone assessed by cell viability and clonogenic assays. With priming, RNA-Seq analysis showed a sustained suppression of transcripts encoding cell cycle regulators as well as components of the DNA damage response pathways. Phenotypically this was reflected in enhanced cell cycle arrest and induction of necrosis and apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that short-term administration of inhibitors of cell cycle regulators (Dinaciclib and BI2536), could replicate this priming effect. Thus, we propose future studies to assess the impact of the short-term administration of drugs targeting the UPR and cell cycle regulation to enhance radiotherapy response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amoroso, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maguire, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarapore, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Schaeybroeck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butterworth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prise, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Sullivan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waugh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/710400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulating the unfolded protein response: Impacts of radiation on the response of prostate cancer cells to ONC201]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/729046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modelling Osteocyte Network Formation: Healthy and Cancerous Environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/729046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advanced cancers, such as prostate and breast cancers, commonly metastasize to bone. In the bone matrix, dendritic osteocytes form a spatial network allowing communication between osteocytes and the osteoblasts located on the bone surface. This communication network facilitates coordinated bone remodelling. In the presence of a cancerous microenvironment, the morphology of this network changes. Commonly osteocytes appear to be either overdifferentiated (i.e., there are more dendrites than healthy bone) or underdeveloped (i.e., dendrites do not fully form). In addition to structural changes, histological sections from metastatic breast cancer xenografted mice show that number of osteocytes per unit area is different between healthy bone and cancerous bone. We present a stochastic agent-based model for bone formation incorporating osteoblasts and osteocytes that allows us to probe both network structure and density of osteocytes in bone. Our model both allows for the simulation of our spatial network model and analysis of mean-field equations in the form of integro-partial differential equations. We considered variations of our model to study specific physiological hypotheses related to osteoblast differentiation; for example predicting how changing biological parameters, such as rates of bone secretion, rates of cancer formation and rates of osteoblast differentiation can allow for qualitatively different network morphologies. We then used our model to explore how commonly applied therapies such as bisphosphonates (e.g. zoledronic acid) impact osteocyte network formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor-King, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basanta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/729046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modelling Osteocyte Network Formation: Healthy and Cancerous Environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/737924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modelling the effects of leaky predator-exclusion fences and their surrounding halo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/737924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Terrestrial fauna of the southern hemisphere, particularly Australia and New Zealand, have suffered significant declines and extinctions due to predation by introduced red foxes Vulpes vulpes and cats Felis catus. Predator-exclusion fences offer protection to these threatened species and allow their populations to persist and even flourish within their boundaries. These fences have traditionally been designed to stop the movement of both the invasive predators (into the fence), and the native animals (out of the fence). However, recent theory and evidence suggest that when native animals are able to move across the fence, they can create a population beyond the fence boundary. This phenomena has been called a "halo effect", and has the potential to both expand the direct and indirect benefits of predator-exclusion fences, and to reduce their negative effects. However, the conditions under which such an effect can be achieved are uncertain. They include questions about which native species could support a meaningful halo, what levels of predation outside the fence can be tolerated, and how permeable the fence would need to be. Here, we formulate this problem as both a simple two-patch model and a spatial partial differential equation model. We use the two approaches to explore the conditions under which a halo can deliver conservation benefits, and offer clear insights into the problem.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/737924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modelling the effects of leaky predator-exclusion fences and their surrounding halo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hedgehog signaling regulates neurogenesis in the larval and adult zebrafish hypothalamus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While neurogenesis in the adult hypothalamus is now known to be essential for proper function, the cell-cell signaling events that regulate neurogenesis in this evolutionarily conserved brain region remain poorly understood. Here we show that Hedgehog (Hh)/Gli signaling positively regulates hypothalamic neurogenesis in both larval and adult zebrafish and is necessary and sufficient for normal hypothalamic proliferation rates. Hedgehog-responsive cells are relatively rapidly proliferating pluripotent neural precursors that give rise to dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic neurons. in situ and transgenic reporter analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity in cell-cell signaling within the hypothalamic niche, with slow cycling Nestin-expressing cells residing among distinct and overlapping populations of Sonic Hh (Shh)-expressing, Hh-responsive, Notch-responsive, and Wnt-responsive radial glia. This work shows for the first time that Hh/Gli-signaling is a key component of the complex cell-cell signaling environment that regulates hypothalamic neurogenesis throughout life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Male, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozacar, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagan, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loring, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pace, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devine, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutservitz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlstrom, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/740613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hedgehog signaling regulates neurogenesis in the larval and adult zebrafish hypothalamus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/762765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating a novel stochastic model for within-field disease dynamics of banana bunchy top virus via approximate Bayesian computation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/762765v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) is one of the most economically important vector-borne banana diseases throughout the Asia-Pacific Basin and presents a significant challenge to the agricultural sector. Current models of BBTV are largely deterministic, limited by an incomplete understanding of interactions in complex natural systems, and the appropriate identification of parameters. A stochastic network-based Susceptible-Infected model has been created which simulates the spread of BBTV across the subsections of a banana plantation, parameterising nodal recovery, neighbouring and distant infectivity across summer and winter. Findings from posterior results achieved through Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to approximate Bayesian computation suggest seasonality in all parameters, which are influenced by correlated changes in inspection accuracy, temperatures and aphid activity. This paper demonstrates how the model may be used for monitoring and forecasting of various disease management strategies to support policy-level decision making.nnAuthor summaryThe Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) poses one of the greatest threats to the food security of developing nations and the banana industry throughout the Asia-Pacific Basin. Decision-makers face significant challenges in mitigating BBTV spread in banana plantations due to the vector-borne spread of this disease, which is significantly influenced by a vast array of external environmental factors that are unique to each plantation.nnWe propose a flexible network-based model that describes the spread of BBTV in a real banana plantation through a random process while accounting for individual plantation characteristics and utilise a principled methodology for estimating model parameters. Our findings quantify the effect of seasonal changes and plantation configuration on BBTV spread and predict for high-risk areas in this plantation. We believe that our model might be used by decision-makers to evaluate the effectiveness of current disease management strategies and explore opportunities for improvements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Varghese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drovandi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mengersen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/762765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating a novel stochastic model for within-field disease dynamics of banana bunchy top virus via approximate Bayesian computation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/774000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unpacking the Allee effect: determining individual-level mechanisms that drive global population dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/774000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a solid theoretical foundation for interpreting the origin of Allee effects by providing the missing link in understanding how local individual-based mechanisms translate to global population dynamics. Allee effects were originally proposed to describe population dynamics that cannot be explained by exponential and logistic growth models. However, standard methods often calibrate Allee effect models to match observed global population dynamics without providing any mechanistic insight. By introducing a stochastic individual-based model, with proliferation, death, and motility rates that depend on local density, we present a modelling framework that translates particular global Allee effects to specific individual-based mechanisms. Using data from ecology and cell biology, we unpack individual-level mechanisms implicit in an Allee effect model and provide simulation tools for others to repeat this analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fadai, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/774000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unpacking the Allee effect: determining individual-level mechanisms that drive global population dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The reliability and heritability of cortical folds and their genetic correlations across hemispheres. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The structure of the brains cortical folds varies considerably in human populations. Specific patterns of cortical variation arise with development and aging, and cortical traits are partially influenced by genetic factors. The degree to which genetic factors affect cortical folding patterning remains unknown, yet may be estimated with large-scale in-vivo brain MRI. Using multiple MRI datasets from around the world, we estimated the reliability and heritability of sulcal morphometric characteristics including length, depth, width, and surface area, for 61 sulci per hemisphere of the human brain. Reliability was assessed across four distinct test-retest datasets. We meta-analyzed the heritability across three independent family-based cohorts (N > 3,000), and one cohort of largely unrelated individuals (N~9,000) to examine the robustness of our findings. Reliability was high (interquartile range for ICC: 0.65-0.85) for sulcal metrics. Most sulcal measures were moderately to highly heritable (heritability estimates = 0.3-0.7). These genetic influences vary regionally, with the earlier forming sulci having higher heritability estimates. The central sulcus, the subcallosal and the collateral fissure were the most highly heritable regions. For some frontal and temporal sulci, left and right genetic influences did not completely overlap, suggesting some lateralization of genetic effects on the cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pizzagalli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auzias, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faskowitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riviere, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicaray, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangin, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glahn, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kochunov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/795591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The reliability and heritability of cortical folds and their genetic correlations across hemispheres.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Examining go-or-grow using fluorescent cell-cycle indicators and cell cycle-inhibiting drugs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The go-or-grow hypothesis states that adherent cells undergo reversible phenotype switching between migratory and proliferative states, with cells in the migratory state being more motile than cells in the proliferative state. Here we examine go-or-grow in 2-D in vitro assays using melanoma cells with fluorescent cell-cycle indicators and cell cycle-inhibiting drugs. We analyse the experimental data using single-cell tracking to calculate mean diffusivities, and compare motility between cells in different cell-cycle phases and in cell-cycle arrest. Unequivocally, our analysis does not support the go-or-grow hypothesis. We present clear evidence that cell motility is independent of the cell-cycle phase, and non-proliferative arrested cells have the same motility as cycling cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vittadello, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCue, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasingh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/797142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Examining go-or-grow using fluorescent cell-cycle indicators and cell cycle-inhibiting drugs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying density-dependent interactions in collective cell behaviour 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scratch assays are routinely used to study collective cell behaviour in vitro. Typical experimental protocols do not vary the initial density of cells, and typical mathematical modelling approaches describe cell motility and proliferation based on assumptions of linear diffusion and logistic growth. Jin et al. (2016) find that the behaviour of cells in scratch assays is density-dependent, and show that standard modelling approaches cannot simultaneously describe data initiated across a range of initial densities. To address this limitation, we calibrate an individual based model to scratch assay data across a large range of initial densities. Our model allows proliferation, motility, and a direction bias to depend on interactions between neighbouring cells. By considering a hierarchy of models where we systematically and sequentially remove interactions, we perform model selection analysis to identify the minimum interactions required for the model to simultaneously describe data across all initial densities. The calibrated model is able to match the experimental data across all densities using a single parameter distribution, and captures details about the spatial structure of cells. Our results provide strong evidence to suggest that motility is density-dependent in these experiments. On the other hand, we do not see the effect of crowding on proliferation in these experiments. These results are significant as they are precisely the opposite of the assumptions in standard continuum models, such as the Fisher-Kolmogorov equation and its generalisations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plank, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/811257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying density-dependent interactions in collective cell behaviour]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/814582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small-scale spatial structure influences large-scale invasion rates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/814582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Local interactions among individual members of a population can generate intricate small-scale spatial structure, which can strongly influence population dynamics. The two-way interplay between local interactions and population dynamics is well understood in the relatively simple case where the population occupies a fixed domain with a uniform average density. However, the situation where the average population density is spatially varying is less well understood. This situation includes ecologically important scenarios such as species invasions, range shifts, and moving population fronts. Here, we investigate the dynamics of the spatial stochastic logistic model in a scenario where an initially confined population subsequently invades new, previously unoccupied territory. This simple model combines density-independent proliferation with dispersal, and density-dependent mortality via competition with other members of the population. We show that, depending on the spatial scales of dispersal and competition, either a clustered or a regular spatial structure develops over time within the invading population. In the short-range dispersal case, the invasion speed is significantly lower than standard predictions of the mean-field model. We conclude that mean-field models, even when they account for non-local processes such as dispersal and competition, can give misleading predictions for the speed of a moving invasion front.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Plank, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binny, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/814582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small-scale spatial structure influences large-scale invasion rates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/821009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An epigenetic clock for skeletal muscle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/821009v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAgeing is associated with DNA methylation changes in all human tissues, and epigenetic markers can estimate chronological age based on DNA methylation patterns across tissues. However, the construction of the original pan-tissue epigenetic clock did not include skeletal muscle samples, and hence exhibited a strong deviation between DNA methylation and chronological age in this tissue.

MethodsTo address this, we developed a more accurate, muscle-specific epigenetic clock based on the genome-wide DNA methylation data of 682 skeletal muscle samples from 12 independent datasets (18-89 years old, 22% women, 99% Caucasian), all generated with Illumina HumanMethylation arrays (HM27, HM450 or HMEPIC). We also took advantage of the large number of samples to conduct an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of age-associated DNA methylation patterns in skeletal muscle.

ResultsThe newly developed clock uses 200 CpGs to estimate chronological age in skeletal muscle, 16 of which are in common with the 353 CpGs of the pan-tissue clock. The muscle clock outperformed the pan-tissue clock, with a median error of only 4.6 years across datasets (vs 13.1 years for the pan-tissue clock, p < 0.0001) and an average correlation of {rho} = 0.62 between actual and predicted age across datasets (vs {rho} = 0.51 for the pan-tissue clock). Lastly, we identified 180 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with age in skeletal muscle at a False Discovery Rate < 0.005. However, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis did not reveal any enrichment for Gene Ontologies.

ConclusionsWe have developed a muscle-specific epigenetic clock that predicts age with better accuracy than the pan-tissue clock. We implemented the muscle clock in an R package called MEAT available on Bioconductor to estimate epigenetic age in skeletal muscle samples. This clock may prove valuable in assessing the impact of environmental factors, such as exercise and diet, on muscle-specific biological ageing processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voisin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffey, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedict, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cedernaes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowlands, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharples, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eynon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/821009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An epigenetic clock for skeletal muscle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Software for detecting heterogeneous evolutionary processes across aligned sequence data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most model-based molecular phylogenetic methods assume that the sequences diverged on a tree under homogeneous conditions. If evolution occurred under these conditions, then it is unlikely that the sequences would become compositionally heterogeneous. Conversely, if the sequences are compositionally heterogeneous, then it is unlikely that they have evolved under homogeneous conditions. We present methods to detect and analyse heterogeneous evolution in aligned sequence data and to examine--visually and numerically--its effect on phylogenetic estimates. The methods are implemented in three programs, allowing users to better examine under what conditions their phylogenetic data may have evolved.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jermiin, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misof, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/828996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Software for detecting heterogeneous evolutionary processes across aligned sequence data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/831321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study identifies 49 common genetic variants associated with handedness. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/831321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Handedness, a consistent asymmetry in skill or use of the hands, has been studied extensively because of its relationship with language and the over-representation of left-handers in some neurodevelopmental disorders. Using data from the UK Biobank, 23andMe and 32 studies from the International Handedness Consortium, we conducted the worlds largest genome-wide association study of handedness (1,534,836 right-handed, 194,198 (11.0%) left-handed and 37,637 (2.1%) ambidextrous individuals). We found 41 genetic loci associated with left-handedness and seven associated with ambidexterity at genome-wide levels of significance (P < 5x10-8). Tissue enrichment analysis implicated the central nervous system and brain tissues including the hippocampus and cerebrum in the etiology of left-handedness. Pathways including regulation of microtubules, neurogenesis, axonogenesis and hippocampus morphology were also highlighted. We found suggestive positive genetic correlations between being left-handed and some neuropsychiatric traits including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. SNP heritability analyses indicated that additive genetic effects of genotyped variants explained 5.9% (95% CI = 5.8% - 6.0%) of the underlying liability of being left-handed, while the narrow sense heritability was estimated at 12% (95% CI = 7.2% - 17.7%). Further, we show that genetic correlation between left-handedness and ambidexterity is low (rg = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.08 - 0.43) implying that these traits are largely influenced by different genetic mechanisms. In conclusion, our findings suggest that handedness, like many other complex traits is highly polygenic, and that the genetic variants that predispose to left-handedness may underlie part of the association with some psychiatric disorders that has been observed in multiple observational studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cuellar Partida, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eriksson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albrecht, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aliev, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barroso, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckmann, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boks, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breteler, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chasman, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherkas, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Geus, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deary, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deloukas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffy, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eriksson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feenstra, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geller, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gieger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giegling, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heikkila, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayward, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschhorn, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hottenga, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huffman, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, L.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikram, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaprio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemp, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaw, K.-</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/831321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study identifies 49 common genetic variants associated with handedness.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/837849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Administration of defective virus via bang-bang optimal control inhibits dengue transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/837849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The host-vector shuttle and the bottleneck in dengue transmission is a significant aspect with regard to the study of dengue outbreaks. As mosquitoes require 100-1000 times more virus to become infected than human, the transmission of dengue virus from human to mosquito is a vulnerability that can be targeted to improve disease control. In order to capture the heterogeneity in the infectiousness of an infected patient population towards the mosquito pool, we calibrate a population of host-to-vector virus transmission models based on an experimentally quantified infected fraction of a mosquito population. Once the population of models is well-calibrated, we deploy a population of controls that helps to inhibit the human-to-mosquito transmission of the dengue virus indirectly by reducing the viral load in the patient body fluid. We use an optimal bang-bang control on the administration of the defective virus (transmissible interfering particles, known as TIPs) to symptomatic patients in the course of their febrile period and observe the dynamics in successful reduction of dengue spread into mosquitoes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mapder, t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaskov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/837849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Administration of defective virus via bang-bang optimal control inhibits dengue transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/839282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parameter identifiability analysis for spatiotemporal models of cell invasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/839282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We examine the practical identifiability of parameters in a spatiotemporal reaction-diffusion model of a scratch assay. Experimental data involves fluorescent cell cycle labels, providing spatial information about cell position and temporal information about the cell cycle phase. Cell cycle labelling is incorporated into the reaction-diffusion model by treating the total population as two interacting subpopulations. Practical identifiability is examined using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework, confirming that the parameters are identifiable when we assume the diffusivities of the subpopulations are identical, but that the parameters are practically non-identifiable when we allow the diffusivities to be distinct. We also assess practical identifiability using a profile likelihood approach, providing similar results to MCMC with the advantage of being an order of magnitude faster to compute. Therefore, we suggest that the profile likelihood ought to be adopted as a screening tool to assess practical identifiability before MCMC computations are performed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, r. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vittadello, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maclaren, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/839282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parameter identifiability analysis for spatiotemporal models of cell invasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Designing combination therapies using multiple optimal controls 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Strategic management of populations of interacting biological species routinely requires interventions combining multiple treatments or therapies. This is important in key research areas such as ecology, epidemiology, wound healing and oncology. Despite the well developed theory and techniques for determining single optimal controls, there is limited practical guidance supporting implementation of combination therapies. In this work we use optimal control theory to calculate optimal strategies for applying combination therapies to a model of acute myeloid leukaemia. We consider various combinations of continuous and bang-bang (discrete) controls, and we investigate how the control dynamics interact and respond to changes in the weighting and form of the pay-off characterising optimality. We demonstrate that the optimal controls respond non-linearly to treatment strength and control parameters, due to the interactions between species. We discuss challenges in appropriately characterising optimality in a multiple control setting and provide practical guidance for applying multiple optimal controls. Code used in this work to implement multiple optimal controls is available on GitHub.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharp, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mapder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/850693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Designing combination therapies using multiple optimal controls]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/853556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Micro-pellet culture reveals that bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BMSC) chondrogenic induction is triggered by a single day of TGF-β1 exposure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/853556v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite immense promise, engineering of stable cartilage tissue from bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived "mesenchymal stem cells") remains elusive. Relative cartilage-like matrix deposition is commonly used to guide BMSC chondrogenic optimisation efforts. However, matrix deposition is heterogeneous in most models, and notably, it lags behind cell fate decisions. We reason that the lag time between cell fate decision and matrix accumulation, coupled with matrix heterogeneity, has obscured basic BMSC biological characteristics, such as differentiation kinetics. Here, we utilize a customized microwell platform to assemble hundreds of small-diameter BMSC micro-pellets and characterized chondrogenic differentiation kinetics in response to the canonical signaling molecule, transforming growth factor-{beta}1 (TGF-{beta}1). Micro-pellets provide a homogeneous readout, and our experimental design accounts for the significant time delay between growth factor signal and deposition of cartilage-like matrix. While 14-to-21-day induction protocols are routine, BMSC micro-pellet cultures reveal that a single day of TGF-{beta}1 exposure was sufficient to trigger chondrogenic differentiation cascades resulting in outcomes similar to micro-pellets exposed to TGF-{beta}1 for 21 days. RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated that one day of TGF-{beta}1 exposure was also sufficient to induce hypertrophic cascades in BMSC, not observed in articular chondrocytes. Refocusing chondrogenic induction optimisation efforts from weeks to the first hours or days of culture, using homogeneous model systems, may benefit efforts to build stable cartilage formed by BMSCs.

SignificanceThe macro-pellet model, and assumptions generated using it, have permeated BMSC-based cartilage tissue engineering strategies since the 1990s. Using a micro-pellet model, we show that BMSC chondrogenic kinetics are significantly more rapid than historical macro-pellets data suggests, and that BMSC chondrogenic and hypertrophic commitment is instructed by a single day of TGF-{beta}1 exposure. This highly relevant study demonstrates that: (1) macro-pellets, which are large heterogeneous tissue models confound the differentiation kinetics visible in micro-pellet models; (2) induction strategies should focus on the first hours or days of culture; (3) even a single day of TGF-{beta}1 exposure drives BMSC to form hypertrophic tissue in vivo, requiring early intervention to prevent hypertrophy; and (4) articular chondrocytes and BMSCs respond distinctly to TGF-{beta}1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Futrega, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robey, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doran, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/853556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Micro-pellet culture reveals that bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BMSC) chondrogenic induction is triggered by a single day of TGF-β1 exposure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/869370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii loci for capsular polysaccharide (KL) and lipooligosaccharide outer core (OCL) synthesis in genome assemblies using curated reference databases compatible with Kaptive 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/869370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiply antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections are a global public health concern and accurate tracking of the spread of specific lineages is needed. Variation in the composition and structure of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a critical determinant of virulence and phage susceptibility, makes it an attractive epidemiological marker. The outer core (OC) of lipooligosaccharide also exhibits variation. To take better advantage of the untapped information available in whole genome sequences, we have created a curated reference database of the 92 publicly available gene clusters at the locus encoding proteins responsible for biosynthesis and export of CPS (K locus), and a second database for the 12 gene clusters at the locus for outer core biosynthesis (OC locus). Each entry has been assigned a unique KL or OCL number, and is fully annotated using a simple, transparent and standardised nomenclature. These databases are compatible with Kaptive, a tool for in silico typing of bacterial surface polysaccharide loci, and their utility was validated using a) >630 assembled A. baumannii draft genomes for which the KL and OCL regions had been previously typed manually, and b) 3386 A. baumannii genome assemblies downloaded from NCBI. Among the previously typed genomes, Kaptive was able to confidently assign KL and OCL types with 100% accuracy. Among the genomes retrieved from NCBI, Kaptive detected known KL and OCL in 87% and 90% of genomes, respectively indicating that the majority of common KL and OCL types are captured within the databases; 13 KL were not detected in any public genome assembly. The failure to assign a KL or OCL type may indicate incomplete or poor-quality genomes. However, further novel variants may remain to be documented. Combining outputs with multi-locus sequence typing (Institut Pasteur scheme) revealed multiple KL and OCL types in collections of a single sequence type (ST) representing each of the two predominant globally-distributed clones, ST1 of GC1 and ST2 of GC2, and in collections of other clones comprising >20 isolates each (ST10, ST25, and ST140), indicating extensive within-clone replacement of these loci. The databases are available at https://github.com/katholt/Kaptive and will be updated as further locus types become available.

Data Summary1. Databases including fully annotated gene cluster sequences for A. baumannii K loci and OC loci are available for download at https://github.com/katholt/Kaptive

2. The Kaptive software, which can be used to screen new genomes against the K and O locus database is available at https://github.com/katholt/Kaptive (command-line code) and http://kaptive.holtlab.net/ (interactive web service).

3. Details of the Kaptive search results validating in silico serotyping of K and O loci using our approach are provided as supplementary files, Dataset 1 (92 KL reference sequences and 12 OCL reference sequences), Dataset 2 (642 genomes assembled from reads available in NCBI SRA) and Dataset 3 (3415 genome assemblies downloaded from NCBI GenBank).

Impact statementThe ability to identify and track closely related isolates is key to understanding, and ultimately controlling, the spread of multiply antibiotic resistant A. baumannii causing difficult to treat infections, which are an urgent public health threat. Extensive variation in the KL and OCL gene clusters responsible for biosynthesis of capsule and the outer core of lipooligosaccharide, respectively, are potentially highly informative epidemiological markers. However, clear, well-documented identification of each variant and simple-to-use tools and procedures are needed to reliably identify them in genome sequence data. Here, we present curated databases compatible with the available web-based and command-line Kaptive tool to make KL and OCL typing readily accessible to assist epidemiological surveillance of this species. As many bacteriophage recognise specific properties of the capsule and attach to it, capsule typing is also important in assessing the potential of specific phage for therapy on a case by case basis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wyres, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahill, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenyon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/869370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii loci for capsular polysaccharide (KL) and lipooligosaccharide outer core (OCL) synthesis in genome assemblies using curated reference databases compatible with Kaptive]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/869495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical cell competition in heterogeneous epithelial tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/869495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanical cell competition is important during tissue development, cancer invasion, and tissue ageing. Heterogeneity plays a key role in practical applications since cancer cells can have different cell stiffness and different proliferation rates than normal cells. To study this phenomenon, we propose a one-dimensional mechanical model of heterogeneous epithelial tissue dynamics that includes cell-length-dependent proliferation and death mechanisms. Proliferation and death are incorporated into the discrete model stochastically and arise as source/sink terms in the corresponding continuum model that we derive. Using the new discrete model and continuum description, we explore several applications including the evolution of homogeneous tissues experiencing proliferation and death, and competition in a heterogeneous setting with a cancerous tissue competing for space with an adjacent normal tissue. This framework allows us to postulate new mechanisms that explain the ability of cancer cells to outcompete healthy cells through mechanical differences rather than by having some intrinsic proliferative advantage. We advise when the continuum model is beneficial and demonstrate why naively adding source/sink terms to a continuum model without considering the underlying discrete model may lead to incorrect results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/869495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical cell competition in heterogeneous epithelial tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.21.541616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mono-phosphorylation at Ser4 of Barrier-to-autointegration Factor (Banf1) significantly reduces its DNA binding capability by inducing critical changes in its local conformation and DNA binding surface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.21.541616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor (Banf1) is a small DNA-bridging protein. The binding status of Banf1 to DNA is regulated by its N-terminal phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, which plays a critical role in cell proliferation. Banf1 can be phosphorylated at Ser4 into mono-phosphorylated Banf1, which is further phosphorylated at Thr3 to form di-phosphorylated Banf1. It was observed decades ago that mono-phosphorylated Banf1 cannot bind to DNA. However, the underlying molecular- and atomic-level mechanisms remain unclear. A clear understanding of these mechanisms will aid in interfering with the cell proliferation process for better global health. Herein, we explored the detailed atomic bases of unphosphorylated Banf1-DNA binding and how mono- and di-phosphorylation of Banf1 impair these atomic bases to eliminate its DNA-binding capability, followed by exploring the DNA-binding capability of mono- and di-phosphorylation Banf1, using comprehensive and systematic molecular modelling and molecular dynamics simulations. This work presented in detail the residue-level binding energies, hydrogen bonds and water bridges between Banf1 and DNA, some of which have not been reported. Moreover, we revealed that mono-phosphorylation of Banf1 causes its N-terminal secondary structure changes, which in turn induce significant changes in Banf1s DNA binding surface, thus eliminating its DNA-binding capability. At the atomic level, we also uncovered the alterations in interactions due to the induction of mono-phosphorylation that result in the N-terminal secondary structure changes of Banf1. Additionally, our modelling showed that phosphorylated Banf1 with their dominant N-terminal secondary structures bind to DNA with a significantly lower affinity and the docked binding pose are not stable in MD simulations. These findings help future studies in predicting effect of mutations in Banf1 on its DNA-binding capability and open a novel avenue for the development of therapeutics such as cancer drugs, targeting cell proliferation by inducing conformational changes in Banf1s N-terminal domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suraweera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Byrne, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolderson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.21.541616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mono-phosphorylation at Ser4 of Barrier-to-autointegration Factor (Banf1) significantly reduces its DNA binding capability by inducing critical changes in its local conformation and DNA binding surface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deconstructing the contributions of heterogeneity to combination treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Combination therapies are fundamental to cancer treatments, including in breast cancer the most common invasive malignancy in women. Breast cancer treatment is determined based on molecular subtypes, and since 2016, combination palbociclib and fulvestrant has been used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, the impact of heterogeneity of the tumour landscape and tumour composition dynamics on scheduling decisions remains poorly understood. To elucidate the contributions of variability at multiple scales to treatment outcomes in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, we developed a simple mathematical model of two unique estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cell types and their response to combination treatment with palbociclib and fulvestrant. We used this model to understand how the initial fraction of either cell type may impact the fraction remaining after treatment and examined how heterogeneity in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics result in a large distribution of outcomes. Our results suggest that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fulvestrant were the major drivers of final tumour size and composition. We then leveraged our model to guide therapeutic scheduling of combination palbociclib and fulvestrant, demonstrating the use of mathematical modelling to improve our understanding of cancer biology and treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Linn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore-Ott, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuttleworth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.19.541369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deconstructing the contributions of heterogeneity to combination treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.542676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Advancing scaffold biomimicry: engineering mechanics in microfiber scaffolds with independently controlled architecture using melt electrowriting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.542676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an additive manufacturing technique characterized by its ability to fabricate micronscale fibers from molten polymers into highly controlled 3D microfiber scaffolds. This emerging technique is gaining traction in tissue engineering and biofabrication research, however limitations in the ability to develop advanced coding to program MEW printers to fabricate scaffolds with complex fiber architectures has inhibited the development of structures with tunable and biomimetic mechanical properties. This study reports a series of non-straight scaffold architectures with combinations of independently controlled X & Y fiber spacing, corrections for MEW jet lag, and characterizations of their influences on scaffold mechanics. Polycaprolactone scaffolds with an elastic modulus ranging from 0.3 to 7.3 MPa were fabricated utilizing scaffolds manufactured from 5 layers of 55 m fibers. The inclusion of scaffold design corrections in the gcode to compensate for decreasing deposition accuracy with increasing layer height enabled us to correct for discontinuous stress-strain mechanics and improved scaffold fabrication reproducibility. This study provides a comparison between a series of highly reproducible MEW scaffold architectures with non-straight fibers compared to the common crosshatch design to inform the development of more biomimetic scaffolds applicable to a variety of clinical applications. It further illustrates the significant effect toolpath correction has on reducing poor stress-strain mechanics, therefore improving the control, reproducibility, and biomimetic capacity of the MEW technique.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devlin, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickering, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allenby, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paxton, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.28.542676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Advancing scaffold biomimicry: engineering mechanics in microfiber scaffolds with independently controlled architecture using melt electrowriting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.540859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell Spatial Metabolic and Immune Phenotyping of Head and Neck Cancer Tissues Identifies Tissue Signatures of Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.540859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are the seventh most common cancer and represent a global health burden. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in treating recurrent/metastatic cases, with durable benefit in [~]30% of patients. Current biomarkers for head and neck tumors are limited in their dynamic ability to capture tumor microenvironment (TME) features, with an increasing need for deeper tissue characterization. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed to accurately stratify patients and predict responses to therapy. Here, we have optimized and applied an ultra-high plex, single-cell spatial protein analysis in HNSCC. Tissues were simultaneously analyzed with a panel of 101 antibodies that targeted biomarkers related to tumor immune, metabolic and stress microenvironments. Our data uncovered a high degree of intra-tumoral heterogeneity intrinsic to head and neck tumors and provided unique insights into the biology of the tumor. In particular, a cellular neighborhood analysis revealed the presence of 6 unique spatial tumor-immune neighborhoods enriched in functionally specialized immune cell subsets across the patient tissue. Additionally, functional phenotyping based on key metabolic and stress markers identified four distinct tumor regions with differential protein signatures. One tumor region was marked by infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and overexpression of BAK, a proapoptotic regulator, suggesting strong immune activation and stress. Another adjacent region within the same tumor had high expression of G6PD and MMP9, known drivers of tumor resistance and invasion respectively. This dichotomy of immune activation-induced death and tumor progression in the same sample demonstrates the heterogenous niches and competing microenvironments that underpin clinical responses of therapeutic resistance. Our data integrate single-cell ultra-high plex spatial information with the functional state of the tumor microenvironment to provide insights into a partial response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in HNSCC. We believe that the approach outlined in this study will pave the way towards a new understanding of TME features associated with response and sensitivity to ICI therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jhaveri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben Cheikh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikulina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klymyshyn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeRosa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratapa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bommakanti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monkman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Byrne, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prater, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, B. G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulasinghe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braubach, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.540859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell Spatial Metabolic and Immune Phenotyping of Head and Neck Cancer Tissues Identifies Tissue Signatures of Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epidermal Growth Factor potentiates EGFR(Y992/1173)-mediated therapeutic response of triple negative breast cancer cells to cold atmospheric plasma-activated medium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) holds promise as a cancer-specific treatment that selectively kills basal-like breast cancer cells. We used CAP-activated media (PAM) to capture the multi-modal chemical species of CAP. Specific antibodies, small molecule inhibitors and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing approaches showed an essential role for receptor tyrosine kinases, especially epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, in mediating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell responses to PAM. EGF also dramatically enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of PAM against TNBC cells. Site-specific phospho-EGFR analysis, signal transduction inhibitors and reconstitution of EGFR-depleted cells with EGFR-mutants confirmed the role of phospho-tyrosines 992/1173 and phospholipase C gamma signaling in upregulating levels of reactive oxygen species above the apoptotic threshold. EGF-triggered EGFR activation enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of PAM effects on TNBC cells, such that a strategy based on the synergism of CAP and EGF therapy may provide new opportunities to improve the clinical management of TNBC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajapakse, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunter, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrikov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.542966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epidermal Growth Factor potentiates EGFR(Y992/1173)-mediated therapeutic response of triple negative breast cancer cells to cold atmospheric plasma-activated medium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population ecology and potential biogeochemical impacts of ssDNA and dsDNA soil viruses along a permafrost thaw gradient 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate change is disproportionately warming northern peatlands, which may release large carbon stores via increased microbial activity. While there are many unknowns about such microbial responses, virus roles are especially poorly characterized with studies to date largely restricted to "bycatch" from bulk metagenomes. Here, we used optimized viral particle purification techniques on 20 samples along a highly contextualized peatland permafrost thaw gradient, extracted and sequenced viral particle DNA using two library kits to capture single-stranded (ssDNA) and double-stranded (dsDNA) virus genomes (40 total viromes), and explored their diversity and potential ecosystem impacts. Both kits recovered similar dsDNA virus numbers, but only one also captured thousands of ssDNA viruses. Combining these data, we explored population-level ecology using genomic representation from 9,560 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs); nearly a 4-fold expansion from permafrost-associated soils, and 97% of which were novel when compared against large datasets from soils, oceans, and the human gut. In silico predictions identified putative hosts for 44% (4,149 dsDNA + 17 ssDNA) of the identified vOTUs spanning 2 eukaryotic, 12 archaeal, and 30 bacterial phyla. The recovered vOTUs encoded 1,684 putative auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) and other metabolic genes carried by [~]10% of detected vOTUs, of which 46% were related to carbon processing and 644 were novel. These AMGs grouped into five functional categories and 11 subcategories, and nearly half (47%) of the AMGs were involved in carbon utilization. Of these, 112 vOTUs encoded 123 glycoside hydrolases spanning 15 types involved in the degradation of polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose) to monosaccharides (e.g., galactose), or further monosaccharide degradation, which suggests virus involvement in myriad metabolisms including fermentation and central carbon metabolism. These findings expand the scope of viral roles in microbial carbon processing and suggest viruses may be critical for understanding the fate of soil organic carbon in peatlands.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trubl, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borton, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varsani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrighton, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleska, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eloe-Fadrosh, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.13.544858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population ecology and potential biogeochemical impacts of ssDNA and dsDNA soil viruses along a permafrost thaw gradient]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.24.546224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust Homeostasis of Cellular Cholesterol via Antithetic Integral Control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.24.546224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although cholesterol is essential for cellular viability and proliferation, it is highly toxic in excess. The concentration of cellular cholesterol must therefore be maintained within tight tolerances, and is thought to be subject to a stringent form of homeostasis known as Robust Perfect Adaptation (RPA). While much is known about the cellular signalling interactions involved in cholesterol regulation, the specific chemical reaction network structures that might be responsible for the robust homeostatic regulation of cellular cholesterol have been entirely unclear until now. In particular, the molecular mechanisms responsible for sensing excess whole-cell cholesterol levels have not been identified previously, and no mathematical models to date have been able to capture an integral control implementation that could impose RPA on cellular cholesterol. Here we provide a detailed mathematical description of cholesterol regulation pathways in terms of biochemical reactions, based on an extensive review of experimental and clinical literature. We are able to decompose the associated chemical reaction network structures into several independent subnetworks, one of which is responsible for conferring RPA on several intracellular forms of cholesterol. Remarkably, our analysis reveals that RPA in the cholesterol concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is almost certainly due to a well-characterised control strategy known as antithetic integral control which, in this case, involves the high-affinity binding of a multi-molecular transcription factor complex with cholesterol molecules that are excluded from the ER membrane. Our model provides a detailed framework for exploring the necessary biochemical conditions for robust homeostatic control of essential and tightly regulated cellular molecules such as cholesterol.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheepers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.24.546224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust Homeostasis of Cellular Cholesterol via Antithetic Integral Control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.09.548291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methylotrophy in the Mire: direct and indirect routes for methane production in thawing permafrost 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.09.548291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While wetlands are major sources of biogenic methane (CH4), our understanding of resident microbial metabolisms is incomplete, which compromises prediction of CH4 emissions under ongoing climate change. Here, we employed genome-resolved multi-omics to expand our understanding of methanogenesis in the thawing permafrost peatland of Stordalen Mire, in arctic Sweden. In quadrupling the genomic representation of the sites methanogens and examining their encoded metabolisms, we revealed that nearly 20% (72) of the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) encoded potential for methylotrophic methanogenesis. Further, 27% of the transcriptionally active methanogens expressed methylotrophic genes; for Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales MAGs, these data indicated use of methylated oxygen compounds (e.g., methanol), while for Methanomassiliicoccales, they primarily implicated methyl sulfides and methylamines. In addition to methanogenic methylotrophy, >1700 bacterial MAGs across 19 phyla encoded anaerobic methylotrophic potential, with expression across 12 phyla. Metabolomic analyses revealed the presence of diverse methylated compounds in the Mire, including some known methylotrophic substrates. Active methylotrophy was observed across all stages of a permafrost thaw gradient in Stordalen, with the most frozen non-methanogenic palsa found to host bacterial methylotrophy, and the partially thawed bog and fully thawed fen seen to house both methanogenic and bacterial methylotrophic activity. Methanogenesis across increasing permafrost thaw is thus revised from sole dominance of hydrogenotrophic production, and the appearance of acetoclastic at full thaw, to consider co-occurrence of methylotrophy throughout. Collectively, these findings indicate that methanogenic and bacterial methylotrophy may be an important and previously underappreciated component of carbon cycling and emissions in these rapidly changing wetland habitats.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellenbogen, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borton, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGivern, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronin, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyt, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freire-Zapata, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCalley, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varner, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crill, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehr, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanton, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tfaily, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrighton, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.09.548291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methylotrophy in the Mire: direct and indirect routes for methane production in thawing permafrost]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.22.550117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A functional microbiome catalog crowdsourced from North American rivers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.22.550117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting elemental cycles and maintaining water quality under increasing anthropogenic influence requires understanding the spatial drivers of river microbiomes. However, the unifying microbial processes governing river biogeochemistry are hindered by a lack of genome-resolved functional insights and sampling across multiple rivers. Here we employed a community science effort to accelerate the sampling, sequencing, and genome-resolved analyses of river microbiomes to create the Genome Resolved Open Watersheds database (GROWdb). This resource profiled the identity, distribution, function, and expression of thousands of microbial genomes across rivers covering 90% of United States watersheds. Specifically, GROWdb encompasses 1,469 microbial species from 27 phyla, including novel lineages from 10 families and 128 genera, and defines the core river microbiome for the first time at genome level. GROWdb analyses coupled to extensive geospatial information revealed local and regional drivers of microbial community structuring, while also presenting a myriad of foundational hypotheses about ecosystem function. Building upon the previously conceived River Continuum Concept1, we layer on microbial functional trait expression, which suggests the structure and function of river microbiomes is predictable. We make GROWdb available through various collaborative cyberinfrastructures2, 3 so that it can be widely accessed across disciplines for watershed predictive modeling and microbiome-based management practices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borton, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGivern, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willi, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosier, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bambakidis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singleton, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edirisinghe, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faria, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leleiwi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eloe-Fadrosh, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood-Charlson, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crump, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrighton, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.22.550117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A functional microbiome catalog crowdsourced from North American rivers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.549754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Borg extrachromosomal elements of methane-oxidizing archaea have conserved and expressed genetic repertoires 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.549754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Borgs are huge extrachromosomal elements (ECE) of anaerobic methane-consuming "Candidatus Methanoperedens" archaea. Here, we used nanopore sequencing to validate published complete genomes curated from short reads and to reconstruct new genomes. 13 complete and four near-complete linear genomes share 40 genes that define a largely syntenous genome backbone. We use these conserved genes to identify new Borgs from peatland soil and to delineate Borg phylogeny, revealing two major clades. Remarkably, Borg genes encoding OmcZ nanowire-like electron-exporting cytochromes and cell surface proteins are more highly expressed than those of host Methanoperedens, indicating that Borgs augment the Methanoperedens activity in situ. We reconstructed the first complete 4.00 Mbp genome for a Methanoperedens that is inferred to be a Borg host and predicted its methylation motifs, which differ from pervasive TC and CC methylation motifs of the Borgs. Thus, methylation may enable Methanoperedens to distinguish their genomes from those of Borgs. Very high Borg to Methanoperedens ratios and structural predictions suggest that Borgs may be capable of encapsulation. The findings clearly define Borgs as a distinct class of ECE with shared genomic signatures, establish their diversification from a common ancestor with genetic inheritance, and raise the possibility of periodic existence outside of host cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schoelmerich, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West-Roberts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malvankar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taib, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gribaldo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Shayeb, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mozsary, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaulaurier, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachdeva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banfield, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.01.549754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Borg extrachromosomal elements of methane-oxidizing archaea have conserved and expressed genetic repertoires]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An evolutionary timescale for Bacteria calibrated using the Great Oxidation Event 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most of lifes diversity and history is microbial but it has left a meagre fossil record, greatly hindering understanding of evolution in deep time. However, the co-evolution of life and the Earth system has left signatures of bacterial metabolism in the geochemical record, most conspicuously the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) [~]2.33 billion years ago (Ga, (Poulton et al. 2021)), in which oxygenic photosynthesis and tectonism (Eguchi, Seales, and Dasgupta 2019) transformed Earths biosphere from dominantly anaerobic to aerobic. Here, we combine machine learning and phylogenetic reconciliation to infer ancestral transitions to aerobic lifestyles during bacterial evolution. Linking these transitions to the GOE provides new constraints to infer the timetree of Bacteria. We find that extant bacterial phyla are truly ancient, having radiated in the Archaean and the Proterozoic: the oldest include Bacillota (Firmicutes), which radiated 3.1-3.7 Ga, Cyanobacteria (3.3-3.5 Ga) and Patescibacteria (3-3.5 Ga). We show that most bacterial phyla were ancestrally anaerobic and that most transitions to an aerobic lifestyle post-dated the GOE. Our analyses trace oxygen production and consumption back to Cyanobacteria. From that starting point, horizontal transfer seeded aerobic lifestyles across bacterial diversity over hundreds of millions of years. Our analyses demonstrate that the diversification of aerobes proceeded in two waves corresponding to the GOE and to a second sustained rise in atmospheric O2 at the dawn of the Palezoic (Krause et al. 2022).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soo, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrempf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boussau, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moody, E. R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szantho, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisani, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugenholtz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szöllosi, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.08.552427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An evolutionary timescale for Bacteria calibrated using the Great Oxidation Event]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Foot position during plantarflexion changes gastrocnemii motor unit discharge rate in runners with Achilles tendinopathy but not in the way you might think 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Runners with Achilles tendinopathy (AT) have reduced neural drive to the gastrocnemius lateralis (GL). This study investigated if the strategy of pointing feet-inward (feet-in) during isometric plantarflexion would increase gastrocnemius lateralis electromyography root mean square amplitude (RMS) and motor unit discharge rates, compared to feet-in neutral position (feet-neutral), in runners with Achilles Tendinopathy (AT). High-density electromyograms were recorded from gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis, during 20-s feet-in and feet-neutral isometric heel raise, in runners with (n=18) and without (n=19) AT. During feet-in, GL RMS was higher during feet-in in both groups and GM RMS was lower only during feet-in in the AT. Conversely, motor unit discharge rates were lower during feet-in in GL (p<0.001) and in GM in the AT group. The AT group had lower triceps surae endurance during single leg heel raise. In summary, feet-in increases GL RMS in both groups, conversely reducing motor unit discharge rates in the AT group, compared to feet-neutral. Additionally, feet-in reduces GM RMS and motor unit discharge rates only in the AT group, compared to feet-neutral. This would shift the gastrocnemius lateralis/medialis ratio excitation, favouring gastrocnemius lateralis. Nonetheless, while this strategy holds promise, it remains uncertain whether performing plantarflexion exercise with feet pointed inwards would provide additional benefits for the treatment of runners with Achilles tendinopathy. Our findings suggest that the increased GL RMS during feet-in is effective in increasing GL excitation but not as consequence of increased MUDR and, but it might be a result of recruitment of more motor units.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orssatto, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shield, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trajano, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.14.553177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Foot position during plantarflexion changes gastrocnemii motor unit discharge rate in runners with Achilles tendinopathy but not in the way you might think]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nitrate-driven anaerobic oxidation of ethane and butane by bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The short-chain gaseous alkanes (ethane, propane and butane; SCGAs) are important components of natural gas, yet our understanding of their fate in environmental systems is poorly understood. Microbially mediated anaerobic oxidation of SCGAs coupled to nitrate reduction has been demonstrated for propane, but is yet to be shown for ethane or butane - despite being energetically feasible. Here we report two independent bacterial enrichments performing anaerobic ethane and butane oxidation, respectively, coupled to nitrate reduction to dinitrogen gas and ammonium. Isotopic 13C-and 15N-labelling experiments, mass and electron balance tests, and metabolite and meta-omics analyses collectively reveal that the recently described propane-oxidising  Candidatus Alkanivorans nitratireducens was also responsible for nitrate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of the SCGAs in both these enrichments. The complete genome of this species encodes alkylsuccinate synthase genes for the activation of ethane/butane via fumarate addition. Further substrate range tests confirm  Ca. A. nitratireducens is metabolically versatile, being able to degrade ethane, propane and butane under anaerobic conditions. Moreover, our study proves nitrate as an additional electron sink for ethane and butane in anaerobic environments, and for the first time demonstrates the use of the fumarate addition pathway in anaerobic ethane oxidation. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of microbial metabolism of SCGAs in anaerobic environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leu, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erler, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIlroy, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nitrate-driven anaerobic oxidation of ethane and butane by bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of resistance on therapeutic design: a Moran model of cancer growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resistance of cancers to treatments, such as chemotherapy, largely arise due to cell mutations. These mutations allow cells to resist apoptosis and inevitably lead to recurrence and often progression to more aggressive cancer forms. Sustained-low dose therapies are being considered as an alternative over maximum tolerated dose treatments, whereby a smaller drug dosage is given over a longer period of time. However, understanding the impact that the presence of treatment-resistant clones may have on these new treatment modalities is crucial to validating them as a therapeutic avenue. In this study, a Moran process is used to capture stochastic mutations arising in cancer cells, inferring treatment resistance. The model is used to predict the probability of cancer recurrence given varying treatment modalities. The simulations predict that sustained-low dose therapies would be virtually ineffective for a cancer with a non-negligible probability of developing a sub-clone with resistance tendencies. Furthermore, calibrating the model to in vivo measurements for breast cancer treatment with Herceptin, the model suggests that standard treatment regimens are ineffective in this mouse model. Using a simple Moran model, it is possible to explore the likelihood of treatment success given a non-negligible probability of treatment resistant mutations and suggest more robust therapeutic schedules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lacy, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.555214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of resistance on therapeutic design: a Moran model of cancer growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lineage maintenance due to assortative mating but not ecological divergence in a sympatric sibling species pair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The combination of differential adaptation to ecological niches and the development of reproductive barriers are considered helpful for maintaining co-existing species. In the absence of one of these elements, species boundaries are expected to breakdown. The tephritid fruit fly species pair, Bactrocera tryoni and B. neohumeralis, have significant overlap in geographic range and host use, with time of day of male mating the only known difference in their mating systems. Using a combination of ecological (seasonal abundance, host use and habitat use) and genomic data, we tested the differing roles of competition and assortative mating on the maintenance of the species boundaries in this species pair. Genome-wide SNP analyses found strong genetic differentiation between the species with no evidence for hybridization in the field. Most outlier SNPs were restricted to narrow regions towards the centromeres and telomeres of chromosomes and high nucleotide diversity rates were observed throughout the chromosomes of both species. Enrichment of annotation terms indicated an overabundance of genes with the  abnormal neuroanatomy term. Terms of interest associated with sleep and circadian rhythm, potentially important to the allochronic reproductive barrier, were non-enriched. Ecological data found limited evidence for ecological differentiation between the two species based on significant positive correlations between species numbers trapped at different times of the year, trapped in different habitats within a region, or when reared from fruit.

Our study highlights the significance of assortative mating over ecological differentiation for sympatric maintenance of the B. tryoni/B. neohumeralis sibling pair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Irvine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumaran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manawaduge, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balagawi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Missenden, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starkie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurwood, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prentis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lineage maintenance due to assortative mating but not ecological divergence in a sympatric sibling species pair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and mechanistic characterization of bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are major constituents of the extracellular matrix, involved in myriad structural and signaling processes. Mature HS polysaccharides contain complex, non-templated patterns of sulfation and epimerization, which mediate interactions with diverse protein partners. Complex HS modifications form around initial clusters of glucosamine-N-sulfate (GlcNS) on nascent polysaccharide chains, but the mechanistic basis underpinning incorporation of the GlcNS modification itself into HS remains unclear. We have determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of human N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase (NDST)1, the bifunctional enzyme responsible for initial GlcNS modification of HS. Our structures reveal the architecture of both NDST1 deacetylase and sulfotransferase catalytic domains, alongside a previously unreported non-catalytic N-terminal domain. Surprisingly, the two catalytic domains of NDST1 adopt an unusual back-to-back topology that limits direct cooperativity. Binding analyses, aided by novel activity modulating nanobodies, suggest that sulfotransferase domain substrate anchoring initiates the NDST1 catalytic cycle, providing a plausible mechanism for cooperativity despite spatial domain separation. Our data shed light on key determinants of NDST1 activity, and describe tools to probe NDST1 function in vitro and in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mycroft-West, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelkarim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duyvesteyn, H. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandhi, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skidmore, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and mechanistic characterization of bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.09.556963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modelling count data with partial differential equation models in biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.09.556963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Partial differential equation (PDE) models are often used to study biological phenomena involving movement-birth-death processes, including ecological population dynamics and the invasion of populations of biological cells. Count data, by definition, is non-negative, and count data relating to biological populations is often bounded above by some carrying capacity that arises through biological competition for space or nutrients. Parameter estimation, parameter identifiability, and making model predictions usually involves working with a measurement error model that explicitly relating experimental measurements with the solution of a mathematical model. In many biological applications, a typical approach is to assume the data are normally distributed about the solution of the mathematical model. Despite the widespread use of the standard additive Gaussian measurement error model, the assumptions inherent in this approach are rarely explicitly considered or compared with other options. Here, we interpret scratch assay data, involving migration, proliferation and delays in a population of cancer cells using a reaction-diffusion PDE model. We consider relating experimental measurements to the PDE solution using a standard additive Gaussian measurement error model alongside a comparison to a more biologically realistic binomial measurement error model. While estimates of model parameters are relatively insensitive to the choice of measurement error model, model predictions for data realisations are very sensitive. The standard additive Gaussian measurement error model leads to biologically inconsistent predictions, such as negative counts and counts that exceed the carrying capacity across a relatively large spatial region within the experiment. Furthermore, the standard additive Gaussian measurement error model requires estimating an additional parameter compared to the binomial measurement error model. In contrast, the binomial measurement error model leads to biologically plausible predictions and is simpler to implement. We provide open source Julia software on GitHub to replicate all calculations in this work, and we explain how to generalise our approach to deal with coupled PDE models with several dependent variables through a multinomial measurement error model, as well as pointing out other potential generalisations by linking our work with established practices in the field of generalised linear models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maclaren, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.09.556963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modelling count data with partial differential equation models in biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACE2-Coated Virus-Like Particles Effectively Block SARS-CoV-2 Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A large body of research accumulated over the past three years dedicated to our understanding and fighting COVID-19. Blocking the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike and ACE2 receptor has been considered an effective strategy as anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. In this study, we developed ACE2-coated virus-like particles (ACE2-VLPs), which can be utilized to prevent viral entry into host cells and efficiently neutralize the virus. These ACE2-VLPs exhibited high neutralization capacity even when applied at low doses, and displayed superior efficacy compared to extracellular vesicles carrying ACE2, in the in vitro pseudoviral assays. ACE2-VLPs were stable under different environmental temperatures, and they were effective in blocking all tested variants of concern in vitro. Finally, ACE2-VLPs displayed marked neutralization capacity against Omicron BA.1 in the Vero E6 cells. Based on their superior efficacy compared to extracellular vesicles, and their demonstrated success against live virus, ACE2-VLPs can be considered as vital candidates for treating SARS-CoV-2. This novel therapeutic approach of VLP coating with receptor particles can serve as proof-of-concept for designing effective neutralization strategies for other viral diseases in the future.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=78 SRC="FIGDIR/small/558424v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (16K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@30ac94org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1926217org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@165d9f0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c737f9_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG In our study, we demonstrate the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the use of Ace2-coated VLPs.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bayraktar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayabolen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odabas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durgun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kok, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevinc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Supramaniam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.19.558424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACE2-Coated Virus-Like Particles Effectively Block SARS-CoV-2 Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.23.559037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tuning of liver circadian transcriptome rhythms by thyroid hormone state in male mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.23.559037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of systemic energy metabolism. In the liver, they stimulate lipid and cholesterol turnover and increase systemic energy bioavailability. It is still unknown how the TH state interacts with the circadian clock, another important regulator of energy metabolism. We addressed this question using a mouse model of hypothyroidism and performed circadian analyses. Low TH levels decreased locomotor activity, food intake, and body temperature mostly in the active phase. Concurrently, liver transcriptome profiling showed only subtle effects compared to elevated TH conditions. Comparative circadian transcriptome profiling revealed alterations in mesor, amplitude, and phase of transcript levels in the livers of low-TH mice. Genes associated with cholesterol uptake, biosynthesis, and bile acid secretion showed reduced mesor. Increased and decreased cholesterol levels in the serum and liver were identified, respectively. Combining data from low- and high-TH conditions allowed the identification of 516 genes with mesor changes as molecular markers of the liver TH state. These genes participate in many known TH-associated processes. We further explored these genes and created a unique expression panel that can assess liver TH state in a time-of-day dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the liver has a low TH state under physiological conditions. Circadian profiling reveals genes as potential markers of liver TH state in one-time point studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Assis, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacerda, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaehler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cascorbi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagel, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawashdeh, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittag, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oster, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.23.559037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tuning of liver circadian transcriptome rhythms by thyroid hormone state in male mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic Analysis of Diverse Environmental Acinetobacter Isolates Identifies Plasmids, Antibiotic Resistance Genes, and Capsular Polysaccharides Shared with Clinical Strains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acinetobacter baumannii, an important pathogen known for its widespread antibiotic resistance, has been the focus of extensive research within its genus, primarily involving clinical isolates. Consequently, data on environmental A. baumannii and other Acinetobacter species remain limited. Here, we utilised Illumina and Nanopore sequencing to analyse the genomes of ten Acinetobacter isolates representing six different species sourced from aquatic environments in South Australia. All ten isolates were phylogenetically distinct compared to clinical and other non-clinical Acinetobacter strains, often tens of thousands of SNPs from their nearest neighbours. Despite the genetic divergence, we identified pdif modules (sections of mobilised DNA) carrying clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes in species other than A. baumannii, including carbapenemase oxa58, tetracycline resistance gene tet(39) and macrolide resistance genes msr(E)-mph(E). All of these pdif modules were located on plasmids with high sequence homology to those circulating in globally distributed A. baumannii ST1 and ST2 clones. The environmental A. baumannii isolate characterised here (SAAb472; ST350) did not possess any native plasmids; however, it could capture two clinically important plasmids (pRAY and pACICU2) with high transfer frequencies. Furthermore, A. baumannii SAAb472 possessed virulence genes and a capsular polysaccharide type analogous to clinical strains. Our findings highlight the potential for environmental Acinetobacter species to acquire and disseminate clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes, underscoring the need for further research into the ecology and evolution of this important genus.

IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human, animal, and environmental health. Studying AMR in environmental bacteria is crucial to understand the emergence and dissemination of resistance genes and pathogens, and to identify potential reservoirs and transmission routes. This study provides novel insights into the genomic diversity and AMR potential of environmental Acinetobacter species. By comparing the genomes of aquatic Acinetobacter isolates with clinical and non-clinical strains, we revealed that they are highly divergent yet carry pdif modules that encode resistance to antibiotics commonly used in clinical settings. We also demonstrated that an environmental A. baumannii isolate can acquire clinically relevant plasmids and carries virulence factors similar to those of hospital-associated strains. These findings suggest that environmental Acinetobacter species may serve as reservoirs and vectors of clinically important genes. Consequently, further research is warranted to comprehensively understand the ecology and evolution of this genus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tobin, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarocki, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenyon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drigo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djordjevic, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamidian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.18.562937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic Analysis of Diverse Environmental Acinetobacter Isolates Identifies Plasmids, Antibiotic Resistance Genes, and Capsular Polysaccharides Shared with Clinical Strains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preventing extinction in an age of species migration and planetary change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
International and national conservation policies almost exclusively focus on conserving species in their historic native ranges, thus excluding species that have dispersed on their own accord or have been introduced by people. Given that many of these  migrant species are threatened in their native ranges, conservation goals that explicitly exclude these migrant populations may overlook opportunities to prevent extinctions and respond dynamically to rapidly changing environmental and climatic conditions. Focusing on terrestrial mammals, we quantified the extent to which migration, in this case via introductions, has provided new homes for threatened mammal species. We then devised alternative scenarios for the inclusion of migrant populations in mainstream conservation policy with the aim of preventing global species extinctions and used spatial prioritization algorithms to simulate how these scenarios could change global spatial conservation priorities. We found that 22% of all identified migrant mammals (70 species) are threatened in their native ranges, mirroring the 25% of all mammals that are threatened. Reassessing global threat statuses by combining native and migrant ranges reduced the threat status of 23 species ([~]33% of threatened migrants). Thus, including migrant populations in threat assessments provides a more accurate assessment of actual global extinction risk among species. Spatial prioritization simulations showed that reimagining the role of migrant populations to prevent global species extinction could increase the importance of overlooked landscapes, particularly in central Australia. Our results indicate that these various and non-exhaustive ways to consider migrant populations, with due consideration for potential conservation conflicts with resident taxa, may provide unprecedented opportunities to prevent species extinctions. We present these alternatives and spatial simulations to stimulate discussion on how conservation ought to respond, both pragmatically and ethically, to rapid environmental change in order to best prevent extinctions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lundgren, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallach, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svenning, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaepfer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, A. L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramp, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preventing extinction in an age of species migration and planetary change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How osteons form: A quantitative hypothesis-testing analysis of cortical pore filling and wall asymmetry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteon morphology provides valuable information about the interplay between different processes involved in bone remodelling. The correct quantitative interpretation of these morphological features is challenging due to the complexity of interactions between osteoblast behaviour, and the evolving geometry of cortical pores during pore closing. We present a combined experimental and mathematical modelling study to provide insights into bone formation mechanisms during cortical bone remodelling based on histological cross-sections of quiescent human osteons and hypothesis-testing analyses. We introduce wall thickness asymmetry as a measure of the local asymmetry of bone formation within an osteon and examine the frequency distribution of wall thickness asymmetry in cortical osteons from human iliac crest bone samples from women 16-78 years old. Our measurements show that most osteons possess some degree of asymmetry, and that the average degree of osteon asymmetry in cortical bone evolves with age. We then propose a comprehensive mathematical model of cortical pore filling that includes osteoblast secretory activity, osteoblast elimination, osteoblast embedment as osteocytes, and osteoblast crowding and redistribution along the bone surface. The mathematical model is first calibrated to symmetric osteon data, and then used to test three mechanisms of asymmetric wall formation against osteon data: (i) delays in the onset of infilling around the cement line; (ii) heterogeneous osteoblastogenesis around the bone perimeter; and (iii) heterogeneous osteoblast secretory rate around the bone perimeter. Our results suggest that wall thickness asymmetry due to off-centred Haversian pores within osteons, and that nonuniform lamellar thicknesses within osteons are important morphological features that can indicate the prevalence of specific asymmetry-generating mechanisms. This has significant implications for the study of disruptions of bone formation as it could indicate what biological bone formation processes may become disrupted with age or disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hegarty-Cremer, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borggaard, X. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreasen, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Eerden, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.564273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How osteons form: A quantitative hypothesis-testing analysis of cortical pore filling and wall asymmetry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SecDATA: Secure Data Access and de novo TranscriptAssembly protocol - To meet the challenge of reliableNGS data analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent developments in sequencing technologies have created new opportunities to generate high-throughput biological data at an affordable price. Such high-throughput data needs immense computational resources for performing transcript assembly. Further, a high-end storage facility is needed to store the analyzed data and raw data. Here comes the need for centralized repositories to store such mountains of raw and analyzed data. Hence, it is of utmost importance to ensure data privacy for storing the data while performing transcript assembly. In this paper, we have developed a protocol named SecDATA which performs de novo transcript assembly ensuring data security. It consists of two modules. The first module deals with a framework for secured access and storage of data. The novelty of the first module lies in the employment of distributed ledger technology for data storage that ensures the privacy of the data. The second module deals with the development of an optimized graph-based method for de novo transcript assembly. We have compared our results with the state-of-art method de Bruijn graph and the popular pipeline Trinity, for transcript reconstruction, and our protocol outperforms them.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mondal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatua, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.564229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SecDATA: Secure Data Access and de novo TranscriptAssembly protocol - To meet the challenge of reliableNGS data analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased force and elastic energy storage are not the mechanisms that improve jump performance with accentuated eccentric loading during a constrained vertical jump 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveAccentuated eccentric loading (AEL) involves higher load applied during the eccentric phase of a stretch-shortening cycle movement, followed by a sudden removal of load before the concentric phase. Previous studies suggest that AEL enhances human countermovement jump performance, however the mechanism is not fully understood. Here we explore whether isolating additional load during the countermovement is sufficient to increase ground reaction force, and hence elastic energy stored, at the start of the upward movement and whether this leads to increased jump height or power generation.

MethodsWe conducted a trunk-constrained vertical jump test on a custom-built device to isolate the effect of additional load while controlling for effects of squat depth, arm swing, and coordination. Twelve healthy, recreationally active adults (7 males, 5 females) performed maximal jumps without AEL, followed by randomised AEL conditions prescribed as a percentage of body mass (10%, 20%, and 30%), before repeating jumps without AEL. Results. No significant changes in vertical ground reaction force at the turning point were observed. High load AEL conditions (20% and 30% body weight) led to slight reductions in jump height, primarily due to decreased hip joint and centre of mass work. AEL conditions did not alter peak or integrated activation levels of the knee extensor muscles.

ConclusionThese findings suggest that increased elastic energy return may not be the primary mechanism behind the potentiating effects of AEL on jump performance, and other factors such as rate of descent, squat depth, or body configuration may contribute to effective AEL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, E. Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farris, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtwark, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.564851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased force and elastic energy storage are not the mechanisms that improve jump performance with accentuated eccentric loading during a constrained vertical jump]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.04.565044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A High-Throughput Data-Independent Acquisition Workflow for Deep Characterisation of the sn-Isomer Lipidome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.04.565044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report a workflow based on ozone-induced dissociation for untargeted characterization of hundreds of sn-resolved glycerophospholipid isomers from biological extracts in under 20 minutes, coupled with an automated data analysis pipeline. It provides an order of magnitude increase in the number of sn-isomer pairs identified compared to previous reports, reveals that sn-isomer populations are tightly regulated and significantly different between cell lines, and enables identification of rare lipids containing ultra-long chain monounsaturated acyl chains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, R. S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jekimovs, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poad, B. L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanksby, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ejsing, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.04.565044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A High-Throughput Data-Independent Acquisition Workflow for Deep Characterisation of the sn-Isomer Lipidome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding Remapped Spatial Information in the Peri-Saccadic Period 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It has been suggested that, prior to a saccade, visual neurons predictively respond to stimuli that will fall in their receptive fields after completion of the saccade. This saccadic remapping process is thought to compensate for the shift of the visual world across the retina caused by eye movements. To map the timing of this predictive process in the brain, we recorded neural activity using electroencephalography (EEG) during a saccade task. Participants made saccades between two fixation points while covertly attending to oriented gratings briefly presented at various locations on the screen. Data recorded during trials in which participants maintained fixation were used to train classifiers on stimuli in different positions. Subsequently, data collected during saccade trials were used to test for the presence of remapped stimulus information at the post-saccadic retinotopic location in the peri-saccadic period, providing unique insight into when remapped information becomes available. We found that the stimulus could be decoded at the remapped location [~]180 ms post-stimulus onset, but only when the stimulus was presented 100-200 ms before saccade onset. Within this range, we found that the timing of remapping was dictated by stimulus onset rather than saccade onset. We conclude that presenting the stimulus immediately before the saccade allows for optimal integration of the corollary discharge signal with the incoming peripheral visual information, resulting in a remapping of activation to the relevant post-saccadic retinotopic neurons.

Significance StatementEach eye movement leads to a shift of the visual world across the retina, such that the visual input before and after the eye movement do not match. Despite this, we perceive the visual world as stable. A predictive mechanism known as saccadic remapping is thought to contribute to this stability. We use a saccade task with time-resolved EEG decoding to obtain a fine-grained analysis of the temporal dynamics of the saccadic remapping process. Probing different stimulus-saccade latencies and an array of stimulus locations, we identify when remapped information becomes available in the visual cortex. We describe a critical window in which feedforward visual information and the preparatory motor signals interact to allow for predictive remapping of a stimulus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moran, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landau, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogendoorn, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.565952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding Remapped Spatial Information in the Peri-Saccadic Period]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Organ-on-a-Chip Fabrication using Dynamic Photomask 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology is a powerful tool for creating physiologically relevant microscale models applicable to biomedical studies. Despite the advances in OoC technology, its fabrication method still primarily relies on soft lithography, which (1) lacks the adaptability to accommodate dynamic cell culture (e.g., spheroids and organoid culture) and (2) has a long design-to-prototype cycle that lowers its manufacturability. To overcome these challenges, we developed a system to fabricate OoC (consisting of microchannels and multiple cell types in a well-defined spatial arrangement) dynamically using a digital photomask aligned with a microchamber. Our approach used a pre-defined microfluidic chamber customized by xurography and cell-laden microfluidic channels photopatterned by a digital photomask; the entire design-to-prototype cycle was achieved within two hours. The versatility of our approach offered previously unattainable crucial features in the fabrication of OoC, including a gradual change in the height of the microchannels, and real-time modification of channel designs to trap live tissues (e.g., spheroids). In summary, this work highlights a versatile system to fabricate OoC that can accommodate various design requirements of microenvironments of specific organ tissues. We envision the effectiveness of our system for the rapid fabrication of OoC to contribute to the wide adoption of the technology for therapeutic screening and elucidation of disease mechanisms in both academic and industrial settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ching, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toh, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashimoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Organ-on-a-Chip Fabrication using Dynamic Photomask]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.06.570383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trade-off between light deprivation and desiccation in intertidal seagrasses due to periodic tidal inundation and exposure: insights from a data-calibrated model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.06.570383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many seagrass species thrive in shallow intertidal zones globally, adapting to periodic tidal inundation and exposure with distinctive physiological traits and offering crucial ecosystem services. However, predicting the responses of intertidal seagrasses to external stressors is hampered by the complexity of the dynamic and harsh environments they occupy. Consequently, intertidal seagrass growth models, especially those incorporating dynamic physiological responses, are scarce in the literature. Our study comprehensively collated relevant data from the literature to parameterize the relationship between air exposure, seagrass leaf water content and photosynthetic efficiency to inform new growth rate functions for generalisable intertidal seagrass growth models. We tested the applicability of these model formulations for scenarios with varying physiological process assumptions, seagrass species, tidal conditions, meadow elevations and water turbidity. We found that neglecting air-exposed physiological responses (i.e., leaf water content loss and reduced photosynthetic efficiency) can substantially overestimate seagrass growth rates. We also observed a trade-off between light deprivation and desiccation on intertidal seagrass growth under specific tidal ranges and turbidity conditions. This can yield an "optimal" elevation where combined stressors of desiccation (increasing with meadow elevation) and light deprivation (decreasing with meadow elevation) are minimized. The predicted optimal elevation, i.e., the most suitable habitat for intertidal seagrass, moves upward as water turbidity increases. Our study provides both conceptual and quantitative guidance for ecological modellers to include air exposure responses of intertidal seagrasses in coastal ecosystem models. The model also helps to evaluate the viability of intertidal seagrass habitats and inform site selection for seagrass restoration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.06.570383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trade-off between light deprivation and desiccation in intertidal seagrasses due to periodic tidal inundation and exposure: insights from a data-calibrated model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.07.567986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-state transitions and frequency-dependent interactions among subpopulations together explain the dynamics of spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal heterogeneity in breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.07.567986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individual cells in a tumour can be distributed among Epithelial (E) and Mesenchymal (M) cell-states, as characterised by the levels of canonical E and M markers. Even after E and M (E-M) subpopulations are isolated and then cultured independently, E-M heterogeneity can re-equilibrate in each population over time, sometimes regaining the initial distribution of the parental cell population. However, it remains unclear which population-level processes give rise to the dynamical changes in E-M heterogeneity observed experimentally, including 1) differential growth, 2) cell-state switching, and 3) frequency-dependent growth or state-transition rates. Here, we analyse the necessity of these three processes in explaining the dynamics of E-M population distributions as observed in PMC42-LA and HCC38 breast cancer cells. We find that growth differences among E and M subpopulations, with and without any frequency-dependent interactions (cooperation or suppression) among E-M sub-populations, are insufficient to explain the observed population dynamics. This insufficiency is ameliorated by including cell-state transitions, albeit at slow rates, in explaining both PMC42-LA and HCC38 cells data. Further, our models predict that treatment of HCC38 cells with TGF{beta} signalling and JAK2/3 inhibitors could significantly enhance the transition rates from M state to E state, but does not prevent transitions from E to M. Finally, we devise a selection criterion to identify the next most informative time points for which future experimental data can optimally improve the identifiability of our estimated best fit model parameters. Overall, our study identifies the necessary population-level processes shaping the dynamics of E-M heterogeneity in breast cancer cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jain, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizhuttil, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolly, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.07.567986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-state transitions and frequency-dependent interactions among subpopulations together explain the dynamics of spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal heterogeneity in breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From Inhibition to Excitation and Why: The Role of Temporal Urgency in Modulating Corticospinal Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573452v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous research on movement preparation identified a period of corticospinal suppression about 200 ms prior to movement initiation. This phenomenon has been observed for different types of motor tasks typically used to investigate movement preparation (e.g., reaction time, self-initiated, and anticipatory actions). However, we recently discovered that this phenomenon is not observed when actions must be initiated under time pressure. In the present study, we investigated urgency effects on corticospinal suppression throughout the time course of an anticipatory timing task. Participants were required to perform timing actions under two urgency scenarios, high and low, and we applied single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation at different times during the time course of preparation. We analysed the time course of excitability under high and low scenarios in relation to expected and actual movement onset times. Our results confirmed our earlier findings that corticospinal suppression is not observed when participants perform actions under high urgency scenarios. In addition, we found no evidence that this preparatory suppression could be shifted in time to occur later under high urgency scenarios. Moreover, we found evidence that responses prepared under high urgency are more likely to be disrupted by external events (e.g., TMS pulses). These results suggest that preparatory suppression might be a strategy employed by the central nervous system to shield motor actions from interference of external events (e.g., loud sounds) when time allows. Given these data, we propose conceptual models that could account for the absence of preparatory suppression under time pressure to act.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McInnes, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smithers, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipp, O. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresilian, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallence, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothwell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marinovic, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.27.573452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From Inhibition to Excitation and Why: The Role of Temporal Urgency in Modulating Corticospinal Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A catalogue of small proteins from the global microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small open reading frames (smORFs) shorter than 100 codons are widespread and perform essential roles in microorganisms, where they encode proteins active in several cell functions, including signal pathways, stress response, and antibacterial activities. However, the ecology, distribution and role of small proteins in the global microbiome remain unknown. Here, we constructed a global microbial smORFs catalogue (GMSC) derived from 63,410 publicly available metagenomes across 75 distinct habitats and 87,920 high-quality isolate genomes. GMSC contains 965 million non-redundant smORFs with comprehensive annotations. We found that archaea harbor more small proteins proportionally than bacteria. We moreover provide a tool called GMSC-mapper to identify and annotate small proteins from microbial (meta)genomes. Overall, this publicly-available resource demonstrates the immense and underexplored diversity of small proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos Junior, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, T. S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Almeida, B. L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bork, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coelho, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.27.573469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A catalogue of small proteins from the global microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.30.573653v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complexity And Ergodicity In Chaos Game Representation Of Genomic Sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.30.573653v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe Chaos Game Representation (CGR) serves as a powerful graphical tool for transforming long one-dimensional sequences, such as genomic sequences, into visually insightful and complex graphical patterns. This algorithmic approach has revealed captivating fractal properties, providing a systems-level perspective on the underlying patterns inherent in specific genomic sequences. Each CGR image generated is distinctive and unique, capturing the individuality of different genomic sequences. We have investigated the nature of the fractal patterns discerned within CGR of genomic sequences, aiming to assess the ergodicity and identify potential ergodic patterns. Our findings present a mathematical proof establishing that CGRs are non-ergodic. This finding suggests that the distribution properties of nucleotide sequences play a pivotal role in shaping the emergent patterns within the CGR images.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mehrpooya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavassoly, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.30.573653</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complexity And Ergodicity In Chaos Game Representation Of Genomic Sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A maternal high-fat diet predisposes to infant lung disease via increased neutrophil-mediated IL-6 trans-signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Poor maternal diet during pregnancy predisposes to severe lower respiratory tract infections (sLRI) in infancy, which in turn, increases childhood asthma risk, however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the offspring of high fat diet (HFD)-fed mothers ( HFD-reared pups) developed a sLRI following pneumovirus inoculation in early-life and subsequent asthma in later-life upon allergen exposure. Prior to infection, HFD-reared pups developed microbial dysbiosis and low-grade systemic inflammation (LGSI), characterized by hyper-granulopoiesis in the liver and elevated inflammatory cytokine expression, most notably IL-17A, IL-6 and sIL-6R (indicative of IL-6 trans-signaling) in the circulation and multiple organs, but most prominently the liver. Inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling, using sgp130Fc transgenic mice or via specific genetic deletion of IL-6Ra on neutrophils, conferred protection against both diseases. Taken together, our findings suggest that a maternal HFD induces neonatal LGSI that predisposes to sLRI and subsequent asthma via neutrophil-mediated IL-6 trans-signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Curren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashid, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikder, M. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alorro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullah, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bissell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearen, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramm, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varelias, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose-John, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuiv, P. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spann, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phipps, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.13.584927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A maternal high-fat diet predisposes to infant lung disease via increased neutrophil-mediated IL-6 trans-signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.584346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A distributed integral control mechanism for the regulation of cholesterol concentration in the human retina. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.584346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tight homeostatic control of cholesterol concentration within the complex tissue microenvironment of the retina is a hallmark of the healthy eye. By contrast, dysregulation of the biochemical mechanisms governing retinal cholesterol homeostasis is thought to be a major contributor to the aetiology and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the ageing human eye. Although the signalling mechanisms that contribute to cholesterol homeostasis at the cellular level have been studied extensively, there is currently no systems-level description of the molecular interactions that could explain cholesterol homeostasis at the level of the human retina. Here were provide a comprehensive overview of all currently-known molecular-level interactions involved in the regulation of cholesterol across all major compartments of the human retina, encompassing the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the photoreceptor cell layer, the Muller cell layer, and Bruchs membrane. We develop a detailed chemical reaction network (CRN) of this complex collection of biochemical interactions, comprising seventy-one (71) molecular species, which we show may be partitioned into ten (10) independent subnetworks. These ten subnetworks work together to confer robust homeostasis on thirteen different forms of cholesterol distributed through distinct cellular compartments of the retina. Remarkably, we provide compelling evidence that three independent antithetic integral controllers are responsible for the tight regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cholesterol in retinal cells, and that several additional independent mechanisms transfer this homeostatic property to other forms of cholesterol throughout the human retina. Our novel and exquisitely detailed mathematical description of retinal cholesterol regulation provides a framework for considering potential mechanisms of cholesterol dysregulation in the diseased eye, and for the study of potential therapeutic strategies against these pathologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheepers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.14.584346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A distributed integral control mechanism for the regulation of cholesterol concentration in the human retina.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.585092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
When visual attention is divided in the flash-lag effect 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.585092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The flash-lag effect (FLE) occurs when a flashs position appears delayed relative to a continuously moving object, even though both are physically aligned. While several studies have demonstrated that reduced attention increases FLE magnitude, the precise mechanism underlying these attention-dependent effects remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the influence of visual attention on the FLE by manipulating the level of attention allocated to multiple stimuli moving simultaneously in different locations. Participants were cued to either focus on one moving stimulus or split their attention among two, three, or four moving stimuli presented in different quadrants. We measured trial-wise FLE to explore potential changes in the magnitude of perceived displacement and its trial-to-trial variability under different attention conditions. Our results reveal that FLE magnitudes were significantly larger when attention was divided among multiple stimuli compared to when attention was focused on a single stimulus, suggesting that divided attention considerably augments the perceptual illusion. However, FLE variability, measured as the coefficient of variation, did not differ between conditions, indicating that the consistency of the illusion is unaffected by divided attention. We discuss the interpretations and implications of our findings in the context of widely accepted explanations of the FLE within a dynamic environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yook, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogendoorn, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fink, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vossel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weidner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.14.585092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[When visual attention is divided in the flash-lag effect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.19.585696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulating animal movement trajectories from temporally dynamic step selection functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.19.585696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding and predicting animal movement is fundamental to ecology and conservation management. Models that estimate and then predict animal movement and habitat selection parameters underpin diverse conservation applications, from mitigating invasive species spread to enhancing landscape connectivity. However, many predictive models overlook fine-scale temporal dynamics within their predictions, despite animals often displaying fine-scale behavioural variability that might significantly alter their movement, habitat selection and distribution over time. Incorporating fine-scale temporal dynamics, such as circadian rhythms, within predictive models might reduce the averaging out of such behaviours, thereby enhancing our ability to make predictions in both the short and long term. We tested whether the inclusion of fine-scale temporal dynamics improved both fine-scale (hourly) and long-term (seasonal) spatial predictions for a significant invasive species of Northern Australia, the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Water buffalo require intensive management actions over vast, remote areas and display distinct circadian rhythms linked to habitat use. To inform management operations we generated hourly and dry season prediction maps by simulating trajectories from static and temporally dynamic step selection functions (SSFs) that were fitted to the GPS data of 13 water buffalo. We found that simulations generated from temporally dynamic models replicated the buffalos crepuscular movement patterns and dynamic habitat selection, resulting in more informative and accurate hourly predictions. Additionally, when the simulations were aggregated into long-term predictions, the dynamic models were more accurate and better able to highlight areas of concentrated habitat use that might indicate high-risk areas for environmental damage. Our findings emphasise the importance of incorporating fine-scale temporal dynamics in predictive models for species with clear dynamic behavioural patterns. By integrating temporally dynamic processes into animal movement trajectories, we demonstrate an approach that can enhance conservation management strategies and deepen our understanding of ecological and behavioural patterns across multiple timescales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Forrest, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagendam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drovandi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potts, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderduys, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoskins, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.19.585696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulating animal movement trajectories from temporally dynamic step selection functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cyanamide-inducible expression of homing nuclease I-SceI for iterative genome engineering and parallel promoter characterisation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In synthetic biology, microbial chasses including yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are iteratively engineered with increasing complexity and scale. Wet-lab genetic engineering tools are developed and optimised to facilitate strain construction but are often incompatible with each other due to shared regulatory elements, such as the galactose-inducible (GAL) promoter in S. cerevisiae. Here, we prototyped the cyanamide-induced I-SceI-mediated double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) for selectable marker recycling in yeast metabolic engineering. We further combined cyanamide-induced I-SceI-mediated DSB and maltose-induced MazF-mediated negative selection for plasmid-free in situ promoter replacement, which simplified the molecular cloning procedure for promoter characterisation in S. cerevisiae. We then characterised three tetracycline-inducible promoters of differential strength, a non-leaky {beta}-estradiol-inducible promoter, cyanamide-inducible DDI2 promoter, bidirectional MAL32/MAL31 promoters, and five pairs of bidirectional GAL1/GAL10 promoters. Overall, alternative regulatory controls for genome engineering tools are important for the construction of complexed genotypes in microbial systems for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McDonnell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suchoronczak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leighton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ordeniza, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritchie, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valado, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoney, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.26.586389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cyanamide-inducible expression of homing nuclease I-SceI for iterative genome engineering and parallel promoter characterisation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cis-vaccenic acid is a key product of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and a critical oncogenic factor in prostate cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587238v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Altered monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) metabolism is a hallmark of oncogenic transformation. Recently, the MUFA cis-vaccenic acid (cVA) was identified as a putative regulator of prostate cancer cell viability. cVA production requires the activity of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), an enzyme frequently dysregulated in cancer, but the role of cVA in regulating cancer cell phenotypes has not been extensively explored, compared with the more commonly studied product and structural isomer of cVA, oleic acid. Here, we utilised SCD1 inhibition to study the effects of cVA in prostate cancer cells. We found that cVA consistently rescues reductions in cell viability due to SCD1 inhibition and promotes cell growth under normal conditions, thereby identifying cVA as an important and previously unrecognised product of SCD1 in prostate cancer. More broadly, we demonstrate that individual MUFA species exert a diverse range of influence on oncogenic phenotypes, highlighting a need to more precisely characterise the lipidome of cancer cells to understand the molecular pathology of the disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quek, L.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evergren, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehairs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoy, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanksby, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swinnen, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nassar, Z. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.28.587238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cis-vaccenic acid is a key product of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and a critical oncogenic factor in prostate cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long term co-circulation of multiple arboviruses in southeast Australia revealed by xeno-monitoring of mosquitoes and metatranscriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arbovirus surveillance of wild-caught mosquitoes is an affordable and sensitive means of monitoring virus transmission dynamics at various spatial-temporal scales, and emergence and re-emergence during epidemic and interepidemic periods. A variety of molecular diagnostics for arbovirus screening of mosquitoes (known as xeno-monitoring) are available, but most provide limited information about virus diversity. PCR-based screening coupled with metatranscriptomics is an increasingly affordable and sensitive pipeline for integrating complete viral genome sequencing into surveillance programs. This enables large-scale, high-throughput arbovirus screening from diverse samples. We collected mosquitoes in CO2-baited light traps from five urban parks in Brisbane from March 2021 to May 2022. Mosquito pools of [&le;]200 specimens were screened for alphaviruses and flaviviruses using virus genus-specific primers and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). A subset of virus-positive samples was then processed using a mosquito-specific ribosomal RNA depletion method and then sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq. Overall, 54,670 mosquitoes, representing 26 species were screened in 382 pools. Thirty detections of arboviruses were made in 28 pools. Twenty of these positive pools were further characterised using meta-transcriptomics generating 18 full-length genomes. These full-length sequences belonged to four medically relevant arboviruses: Barmah Forest, Ross River, Sindbis-like and Stratford viruses. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses revealed the evolutionary progression of arbovirus lineages over the last 100 years, highlighting long-distance dispersal across the Australian continent and continuous circulation characterised by constant turnover of virus lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vieira, C. J. S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onn, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shivas, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shearman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbro, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Hurk, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frentiu, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallau, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devine, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.587110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long term co-circulation of multiple arboviruses in southeast Australia revealed by xeno-monitoring of mosquitoes and metatranscriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GLMMcosinor: Flexible cosinor modeling with a generalized linear mixed modeling framework to characterize rhythmic time series. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundModeling rhythmic biological processes, such as gene expression and sleep-wake cycles, is critical for understanding physiological mechanisms and their dysregulation in disease. Traditional cosinor analysis, commonly used to model rhythmic data, assumes Gaussian-distributed residuals and does not account for hierarchical data, limiting its applicability in modern biological datasets.

ResultsWe present GLMMcosinor, an R package that integrates cosinor modeling into the Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling (GLMM) framework using glmmTMB. GLMMcosinor enables analysis of a broad spectrum of non-Gaussian and hierarchical data structures, including count, positive-only, and zero-inflated distributions. By incorporating mixed-effects modeling, GLMMcosinor improves parameter estimation and biological interpretability. The package includes functions for group comparisons of rhythmic parameters and visualization tools such as polar and time series plots. Additionally, GLMMcosinor is available as a Shiny app for intuitive, code-free analysis.

ConclusionsGLMMcosinor significantly extends the flexibility and scope of rhythmic data analysis by incorporating GLMM functionality. It is freely available on GitHub, CRAN, rOpenSci, and the R-universe, with comprehensive documentation and reproducible examples, making it a robust tool for researchers analyzing complex rhythmic datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parsons, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayasinghe, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chunduri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawashdeh, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.588934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GLMMcosinor: Flexible cosinor modeling with a generalized linear mixed modeling framework to characterize rhythmic time series.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimising crown-of-thorns starfish control effort on the Great Barrier Reef 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci (COTS), a disruptive coral-eating predator, are responsible for almost half of total coral cover loss on Australias Great Barrier Reef. As the pressures of climate change continue to intensify the frequency and severity of disturbance events such as cyclones and coral bleaching, efficiently managing COTS outbreaks is essential for reef protection. We aim to understand how the spatial distribution and intensity of crown-of-thorns starfish control - specifically manual culling of COTS by human divers - can impact coral cover on the GBR. We construct a metapopulation model based on a predator-prey model with larval dispersal and removal of crown-of-thorns starfish to simulate and compare spatial control strategies. When outbreaks begin on reefs between Cairns and Cooktown, we found the best strategy is to target those reefs at the source of the COTS outbreak. Increasing the spatial spread of control results in a larger spatial area protected across the GBR, but a lower total coral cover on the GBR. Our findings suggest that carefully targeting future control by considering larval connectivity patterns and spatial control strategies could lead to more efficient crown-of-thorns management. With the increasing pressures of climate change, any efficiency gains in reef management will prove beneficial for the Great Barrier Reef.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmstedt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.588969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimising crown-of-thorns starfish control effort on the Great Barrier Reef]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progressive multi-stage extrapolation of predictable motion in human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural processing of sensory information takes time. Consequently, to estimate the current state of the world, the brain must rely on predictive processes - for example, extrapolating the motion of a ball to determine its probable present position. Some evidence implicates early (pre-cortical) processing in extrapolation, but it remains unclear whether extrapolation continues during later-stage (cortical) processing, where further delays accumulate. Moreover, the majority of such evidence relies on invasive neurophysiological techniques in animals, with accurate characterisation of extrapolation effects in the human brain currently lacking. Here, we address these issues by demonstrating how precise probabilistic maps can be constructed from human EEG recordings. Participants (N = 18, 2 sessions) viewed a stimulus moving along a circular trajectory while EEG was recorded. Using LDA classification, we extracted maps of stimulus location over time and found evidence of a forwards temporal shift occurring across temporally distinct processing stages. This accelerated emergence of position representations indicates extrapolation occurring at multiple stages of processing, with representations progressively shifted closer to real-time. We further show evidence of representational overshoot during early-stage processing following unexpected changes to an objects trajectory, and demonstrate that the observed dynamics can emerge without supervision in a simulated neural network via spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turner, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sexton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogendoorn, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.22.590502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progressive multi-stage extrapolation of predictable motion in human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale estimation of bacterial and archaeal DNA prevalence in metagenomes reveals biome-specific patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metagenomes often contain many reads derived from eukaryotes. However, there is usually no reliable method for estimating the prevalence of non-microbial reads in a metagenome, forcing many analysis techniques to make the often-faulty assumption that all reads are microbial. For instance, the success of metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) recovery efforts is assessed by the number of reads mapped to recovered MAGs, a procedure which will underestimate the true fidelity if eukaryotic reads are present. Here we present "SingleM microbial_fraction" (SMF), a scalable algorithm that robustly estimates the number of bacterial and archaeal reads in a metagenome, and the average microbial genome size. SMF does not use eukaryotic reference genome data and can be applied to any Illumina metagenome. Based on SMF, we propose the "Domain-Adjusted Mapping Rate" (DAMR) as an improved metric to assess microbial genome recovery from metagenomes. We benchmark SMF on simulated and real data, and demonstrate how DAMRs can guide genome recovery. Applying SMF to 136,284 publicly available metagenomes, we report substantial variation in microbial fractions and biome-specific patterns of microbial abundance, providing insights into how microorganisms and eukaryotes are distributed across Earth. Finally, we show that substantial amounts of human host DNA sequence data have been deposited in public metagenome repositories, possibly counter to ethical directives that mandate screening of these reads prior to release. As the adoption of metagenomic sequencing continues to grow, we foresee SMF being a valuable tool for the appraisal of genome recovery efforts, and the recovery of global patterns of microorganism distribution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eisenhofer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alberdi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.16.594470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale estimation of bacterial and archaeal DNA prevalence in metagenomes reveals biome-specific patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using physiologically-based models to predict in vivo skeletal muscle energetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how muscles use energy is essential for elucidating the role of skeletal muscle in animal locomotion. Yet, experimental measures of in vivo muscle energetics are challenging to obtain, so physiologically-based muscle models are often used to estimate energy use. These predictions of individual muscle energy expenditure are not often compared to indirect whole body measures of energetic cost. Here, we examined and illustrated the capability of physiologically-based muscle models to predict in vivo measures of energy use. To improve model predictions and ensure a physiological basis for model parameters, we refined our model to include data from isolated muscle experiments. Simulations were performed to capture three different experimental protocols, which involved varying contraction frequency, duty cycle, and muscle fascicle length. Our results demonstrated that these models are able capture the general features of whole body energetics across contractile conditions, but tended to under predict the magnitude of energetic cost. Our analysis revealed that when predicting in vivo energetic rates across contractile conditions, the model was most sensitive to the force-velocity parameters and the data informing the energetic rates when predicting in vivo energetic rates across contractile conditions. This work highlights it is the mechanics of skeletal muscle contraction that govern muscle energy use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Konno, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtwark, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.21.595083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using physiologically-based models to predict in vivo skeletal muscle energetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.596596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cycling Cadence Selections at Different Saddle Heights Minimize Muscle Activation Rather Than Energy Cost 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.596596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike walking and running, people do not consistently choose cadences that minimize energy consumption when cycling. Assuming a common objective function for all forms of locomotion, this suggests either that the neural control system relies on indirect sensorimotor cues to energetic cost that are approximately accurate during walking but not cycling, or that an alternative objective function applies that correlates with energy expenditure in walking but not cycling. This study compared how objective functions derived as proxies to 1) energy cost or 2) an avoidance of muscle fatigue predicted self-selected cycling cadences (SSC) at different saddle heights. Saddle height systematically affected SSC, with lower saddles increasing SSC and higher saddles decreasing SSC. Both fatigue-avoidance and energy-expenditure cost functions derived from muscle activation measurements showed minima that closely approximated the SSCs. By contrast, metabolic power derived from VO2 uptake was minimal at cadences well below the SSC across all saddle height variations. The mismatch between the cadence versus muscle activation and the cadence versus metabolic energy relations is likely due to additional energy costs associated with performing mechanical work at higher cadences. The results suggest that the nervous system places greater emphasis on muscle activation than on energy consumption for action selections in cycling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riveros-Matthey, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connick, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtwark, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.30.596596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cycling Cadence Selections at Different Saddle Heights Minimize Muscle Activation Rather Than Energy Cost]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.06.597698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal control of Multiple Myeloma assuming drug evasion and off-target effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.06.597698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell cancer that occurs in the bone marrow. A leading treatment for MM is the monoclonal antibody Daratumumab, targeting the CD38 receptor, which is highly overexpressed in myeloma cells. In this work we model drug evasion via loss of CD38 expression, which is a proposed mechanism of resistance to Daratumumab treatment. We develop an ODE model that includes drug evasion via two mechanisms: a direct effect in which CD38 expression is lost without cell death in response to Daratumumab, and an indirect effect in which CD38 expression switches on and off in the cancer cells; myeloma cells that do not express CD38 have lower fitness but are shielded from the drug action. The model also incorporates competition with healthy cells, death of healthy cells due to off-target drug effects, and a Michaelis-Menten type immune response. Using optimal control theory, we study the effect of the drug evasion mechanisms and the off-target drug effect on the optimal treatment regime. We identify a general increase in treatment duration and costs, with varying patterns of response for the different controlling parameters. Several distinct optimal treatment regimes are identified within the parameter space.

Author summaryIn this work we investigate a model of Multiple Myeloma, a cancer of the bone marrow, and its treatment with the drug Daratumumab. The model incorporates proposed mechanisms by which the cancer evades Daratumumab by reduced expression of the receptor CD38, which is the drug target and normally abundent in the cancer cells. The model includes an off-target effect, meaning that the drug treatment destroys some healthy cells alongside the targeted cancer cells. Both mechanisms can reasonably be expected to reduce the efficacy of the drug. We investigate the model using optimal control methods, which are used to find the drug dose over time which best balances the financial and health costs of treatment against cancer persistence, according to a specified cost function. We show that this drug resistence and off-target effect prolongs the optimal treatment and increase the burden of both the disease and drug. We analyse the distinct effects of the controlling parameters on each of these costs factors as well as the time course, and identify conditions under which extended treatment is required, with either intermittant treatment or a steady reduced dose. Extended treatment may be indefinite or for a fixed period.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lefevre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, B. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.06.597698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal control of Multiple Myeloma assuming drug evasion and off-target effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Applying rearrangement distances to enable plasmid epidemiology with pling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasmids are a key vector of antibiotic resistance, but the current bioinformatics toolkit is not well suited to tracking them. The rapid structural changes seen in plasmid genomes present considerable challenges to evolutionary and epidemiological analysis. Typical approaches are either low resolution (replicon typing) or use shared k-mer content to define a genetic distance. However this distance can both overestimate plasmid relatedness by ignoring rearrangements, and underestimate by over-penalising gene gain/loss. Therefore a model is needed which captures the key components of how plasmid genomes evolve structurally - through gene/block gain or loss, and rearrangement. A secondary requirement is to prevent promiscuous transposable elements (TEs) leading to over-clustering of unrelated plasmids. We choose the "Double Cut and Join Indel" model, in which plasmids are studied at a coarse level, as a sequence of signed integers (representing genes or aligned blocks), and the distance between two plasmids is the minimum number of rearrangement events or indels needed to transform one into the other. We show how this gives much more meaningful distances between plasmids. We introduce a software workflow pling (https://github.com/iqbal-lab-org/pling), which uses the DCJ-Indel model, to calculate distances between plasmids and then cluster them. In our approach, we combine containment distances and DCJ-Indel distances to build a TE-aware plasmid network. We demonstrate superior performance and interpretability to other plasmid clustering tools on the "Russian Doll" dataset and a hospital transmission dataset.

Impact statementStudying plasmid transmission is a necessary component of understanding antibiotic resistance spread, but identifying recently related plasmids is difficult and often requires manual curation. Pling simplifies this by leveraging a combination of containment distances and rearrangement distances to cluster plasmids. The outcome are clusters of recently related plasmids with a clear backbone and relatively large core genomes, in contrast to other tools which sometimes overcluster. Additionally the network constructed by pling provides a framework with which to spot evolutionary events, such as potential fusions of plasmids and spread of transposable elements.

Data summarySupplementary information and figures are available as an additional PDF.

The tool presented in this paper is available under https://github.com/iqbal-lab-org/pling. Additional computational analysis and scripts are described and provided under https://github.com/babayagaofficial/pling_paper_analyses. The sequence data used can be found under BioProject no. PRJNA246471 in the National Center for Biotechnology Information for the "Russian doll" dataset (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA246471), and under Project no.

PRJEB31034 in European Nucleotide Archive for the "Addenbrookes" dataset (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB30134). All other genome sequences used were sourced from PLSDB (https://ccb-microbe.cs.uni-saarland.de/plsdb/), and lists of accession numbers can be found in the additional analysis github.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frolova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lima, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohnenkamper, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.12.598623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Applying rearrangement distances to enable plasmid epidemiology with pling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microflora Danica: the atlas of Danish environmental microbiomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The last 20 years have witnessed unprecedented advances in revealing the microbiomes underpinning important processes in natural and human associated environments. Recent large-scale metagenome surveys record the variety of microbial life in the oceans1, wastewater2, human gut3,4, and earth5,6, with compilations encompassing thousands of public datasets7-13. So far, large-scale microbiome studies either miss functional information or consistency in sample processing, and although they may cover thousands of locations, these are missing resolution, sparsely located, or lacking metadata. Here, we present Microflora Danica, an atlas of Danish environmental microbiomes, encompassing 10,686 shotgun metagenomes and 449 full-length 16S and 18S rRNA datasets linked to a detailed 5 level habitat classification scheme. We determine that while human-disturbed habitats have high alpha diversity, the same species reoccur, revealing hidden homogeneity and underlining the importance of natural systems for total species (gamma) diversity. In-depth studies of nitrifiers, a functional group closely linked to climate change, challenge existing perceptions regarding habitat preference and discover several novel nitrifiers as more abundant than canonical nitrifiers. Together, the Microflora Danica dataset provides an unprecedented resource and the foundation for answering fundamental questions underlying microbial ecology: what drives microbial diversity, distribution and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singleton, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delogu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karst, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knudsen, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sereika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petriglieri, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knuttson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dall, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkegaard, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kristensen, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speth, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aroney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Microflora Danica Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dueholm, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albertsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.600767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microflora Danica: the atlas of Danish environmental microbiomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue-specific immune transcriptional signatures in the bordering tissues of the mouse brain and retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBordering the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma are the pia mater (the innermost layer of the meninges enveloping the brain) and the choroid (underlying the retina). While near the neural parenchyma, the pia mater and choroid are external to the immune privileged environment of the brain and retina and thus are distinct immune compartments. This study aimed to characterise the transcriptomic signatures of immune cells within the pia mater and choroid bordering the healthy adult mouse CNS.

MethodsBrains and eyes were obtained from 7-week-old female C57Bl/6J mice. Pia mater-enriched tissue and choroid were dissected and processed for fluorescence activated cell sorting of CD45+ immune cells and single cell RNA-sequencing. Additionally, single cell RNA-sequencing was performed on immune cells isolated from choroid obtained from human donor eye tissue. Immunostaining and confocal microscopy of wholemount tissue were used to validate selected immune cell populations in situ.

ResultsA total of 3,606 cells were sequenced from mouse tissues, including 1,481 CD45+ cells from pia mater-enriched tissue and 2,125 CD45+ cells from choroid. Clustering and differential gene expression analysis revealed heterogeneous subtypes of monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells and B cells. While some clusters were common to both pia mater and choroid, others exhibited tissue-specific gene expression profiles and potential functional specialisations. Analysis of 6,501 CD45+ cells sequenced from human choroid identified similar immune cell populations to mouse choroid.

ConclusionsThis study provides a detailed characterisation of the molecular signatures of immune cells within the vascular connective tissues bordering the healthy brain and retina, and their potential roles in immune protection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Etebar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whatmore, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harkin, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dando, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.30.601438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue-specific immune transcriptional signatures in the bordering tissues of the mouse brain and retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.12.603264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CompareM2 is a genomes-to-report pipeline for comparing microbial genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.12.603264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here, we present CompareM2, a genomes-to-report pipeline for comparative analysis of bacterial and archaeal genomes derived from isolates and metagenomic assemblies. CompareM2 is easy to install and operate, and integrates community-adopted tools to perform genome quality control and annotation, taxonomic and functional predictions, as well as comparative analyses of core- and pan-genome partitions and phylogenetic relations. The central results generated via the CompareM2 workflow are emphasized in a portable dynamic report document. CompareM2 is free software and welcomes modifications and pull requests from the community on its Git repository at https://github.com/cmkobel/comparem2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kobel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aho, V. T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oeyaas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noerskov-Lauritsen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.12.603264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CompareM2 is a genomes-to-report pipeline for comparing microbial genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.603995v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Probing the eukaryotic microbes of ruminants with a deep-learning classifier and comprehensive protein databases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.603995v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metagenomics, particularly genome-resolved metagenomics, has significantly deepened our understanding of microbes, illuminating their taxonomic and functional diversity and roles in ecology, physiology, and evolutions. However, eukaryotic populations within various microbiomes, including those in the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract, remain relatively underexplored in metagenomic studies due to the lack of comprehensive reference genome databases and robust bioinformatics tools. The GI tract of ruminants, particularly the rumen, contains a high eukaryotic biomass although a relatively low diversity of ciliates and fungi, which significantly impact feed digestion, methane emissions, and rumen microbial ecology. In the present study, we developed GutEuk, a bioinformatics tool that improves upon the currently available Tiara and EukRep in accurately identifying metagenome eukaryotic sequences. GutEuk is optimized for high precision across different sequence lengths. It can also distinguish fungal and protozoal sequences, facilitating further elucidation of their unique ecological and physiological impacts. GutEuk was shown to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of protozoa and fungi within more than one thousand rumen metagenomes, revealing a greater genomic diversity among protozoa than previously documented. We further curated several ruminant eukaryotic protein databases, significantly enhancing our ability to distinguish the functional roles of ruminant fungi and protozoa from those of prokaryotes. Overall, the newly developed package GutEuk and its associated databases create new opportunities for in-depth study of GI tract eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.17.603995</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Probing the eukaryotic microbes of ruminants with a deep-learning classifier and comprehensive protein databases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.603862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
No evidence that individual alpha frequency (IAF) represents a mechanism underlying motion-position illusions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.603862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motion-Position Illusions (MPIs) involve the position of an object being misperceived in the context of motion (i.e. when the object contains motion, is surrounded by motion, or is moving). A popular MPI is the flash-lag effect, where a static object briefly presented in spatiotemporal alignment with a moving object, is perceived in a position behind the moving object. Recently, Cottier et al. (2023) observed that there are stable individual differences in the magnitude of these illusions, and possibly even their direction. To investigate the possible neural correlates of these individual differences, the present study explored whether a trait-like component of brain activity, individual alpha frequency (IAF), could predict individual illusion magnitude. Previous reports have found some correlations between IAF and perceptual tasks. Participants (N=61) viewed the flash-lag effect (motion and luminance), Frohlich effect, flash-drag effect, flash-grab effect, motion-induced position shift, twinkle-goes effect, and the flash-jump effect. In a separate session, five minutes of eyes-open and eyes-closed resting state EEG data was recorded. Correlation analyses revealed no evidence for a correlation between IAF and the magnitude of any MPIs. Overall, these results suggest that IAF does not represent a mechanism underlying MPIs, and that no single shared mechanism underlies these effects. This suggests that discrete sampling at alpha frequency is unlikely to be responsible for any of these illusions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cottier, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chae, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holcombe, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogendoorn, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.17.603862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[No evidence that individual alpha frequency (IAF) represents a mechanism underlying motion-position illusions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.605860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using virtual patient cohorts to uncover immune response differences in cancer and immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.605860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in millions of deaths globally. Adults with immunosuppression (e.g., solid organ transplant recipients) and those undergoing active cancer treatments experience worse infections and more severe COVID-19. It is difficult to conduct clinical studies in these populations, resulting in a restricted amount of data that can be used to relate mechanisms of immune dysfunction to COVID-19 outcomes in these vulnerable groups. To study immune dynamics after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to investigate drivers of COVID-19 severity in individuals with cancer and immunosuppression, we adapted our mathematical model of the immune response during COVID-19 and generated virtual patient cohorts of cancer and immunosuppressed patients. The cohorts of plausible patients recapitulated available longitudinal clinical data collected from patients in Montreal, Canada area hospitals. Our model predicted that both cancer and immunosuppressed virtual patients with severe COVID-19 had decreased CD8+ T cells, elevated interleukin-6 concentrations, and delayed type I interferon peaks compared to those with mild COVID-19 outcomes. Additionally, our results suggest that cancer patients experience higher viral loads (however, with no direct relation with severity), likely because of decreased initial neutrophil counts (i.e., neutropenia), a frequent toxic side effect of anti-cancer therapy. Furthermore, severe cancer and immunosuppressed virtual patients suffered a high degree of tissue damage associated with elevated neutrophils. Lastly, parameter values associated with monocyte recruitment by infected cells were found to be elevated in severe cancer and immunosuppressed patients with respect to the COVID-19 reference group. Together, our study highlights that dysfunction in type I interferon and CD8+ T cells are key drivers of immune dysregulation in COVID-19, particularly in cancer patients and immunosuppressed individuals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gazeau, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunet-Ratnasingham, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larochelle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morel, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heffernan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.01.605860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using virtual patient cohorts to uncover immune response differences in cancer and immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.15.608071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methanogenesis inhibition remodels microbial fermentation and stimulates acetogenesis in ruminants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.15.608071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rumen microbiota enable ruminants to grow on fibrous plant materials but also produce methane, driving 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions and leading to a loss of gross energy content. Methanogenesis inhibitors such as 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) decrease methane emissions in ruminants when supplemented in feed. Yet we lack a system-wide, species-resolved understanding of how the rumen microbiota remodels following inhibition and how this influences animal production. Here, we conducted a large-scale trial with 51 dairy calves to analyse microbiota responses to 3-NOP, pairing host performance, emissions, and nutritional profiles with genome-resolved metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data. 3-NOP supplementation decreased methane emissions by an average of 62%, modulated short-chain fatty acid and H2 levels, and did not affect dietary intake or animal performance. We created a rumen microbial genome catalogue with an unprecedented mapping rate. We observed a strong reduction of methanogens and stimulation of reductive acetogens, primarily novel uncultivated lineages such as Candidatus Faecousia. However, there was a shift in major fermentative communities away from acetate production in response to hydrogen gas accumulation. Thus, the divergent responses of the fermentative and hydrogenotrophic communities limit potential productivity gains from methane reduction. Reporting one of the largest reductions in methane emissions in a field trial to date, this study links ruminant greenhouse gas emissions and productivity to specific microbial species. These findings also emphasise the importance of microbiota-wide analysis for optimising methane mitigation strategies and identify promising strategies to simultaneously reduce emissions while increasing animal production.

Significance StatementOne strategy to increase the sustainability and productivity of livestock production is to modulate ruminant microbiota to produce absorbable nutrients rather than the potent greenhouse gas methane. Previous studies show supplementing feed with methanogenesis inhibitors such as 3-nitrooxypropanol reduces methane emissions, but also leads to inconsistent productivity gains. Here we report a definitive field trial, combining animal data, meta-omics, and structural modelling, to resolve the key microbes and pathways controlling nutrient and methane production in ruminants. We show that shifts in composition and gene expression of hydrogen-cycling microbes reduce emissions but limit productivity gains. These findings offer insights at unprecedented resolution, while the data and analytical framework provide valuable resources to develop solutions to enhance livestock productivity and sustainability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stemmler, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jespersen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grinter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ver Loren van Themaat, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kindermann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greening, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.15.608071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methanogenesis inhibition remodels microbial fermentation and stimulates acetogenesis in ruminants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.14.607616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth rate-driven modelling reveals how phenotypic adaptation drives drug resistance in BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.14.607616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phenotypic adaptation, the ability of cells to change phenotype in response to external pressures, has been identified as a driver of drug resistance in cancer. To quantify phenotypic adaptation in BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma, we develop a theoretical model informed by growthrate data of WM239A-BRAFV600E cells challenged with the BRAF-inhibitor encorafenib. We use an individual-based model (IBM) in which each cell is described by one of multiple discrete and plastic phenotype states that are directly linked to drug-dependent net growth rates and, by extension, drug resistance. To describe how cells transition between phenotype states, we explore a gamut of candidate models common in the mathematical biology literature. Comparing these on their ability to reproduce in vitro growth curves, data-matched simulations suggest that phenotypic adaptation is directed towards states of high net growth rates, enabling the evasion of drug-effects. The model subsequently provides an explanation for when and why intermittent treatments outperform continuous treatments in the studied system, and demonstrates the benefits of not only targeting, but also leveraging, phenotypic adaptation in treatment protocols. Building on the IBM, we present a flexible mathematical methodology based on ordinary differential equations to compare responses to continuous and intermittent treatments through long-term effective net growth rates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>HAMIS, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassidy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.14.607616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth rate-driven modelling reveals how phenotypic adaptation drives drug resistance in BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608540v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifiability of heterogeneous phenotype adaptation from low-cell-count experiments and a stochastic model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608540v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phenotypic plasticity contributes significantly to treatment failure in many cancers. Despite the increased prevalence of experimental studies that interrogate this phenomenon, there remains a lack of applicable quantitative tools to characterise data, and importantly to distinguish between resistance as a discrete phenotype and a continuous distribution of phenotypes. To address this, we develop a stochastic individual-based model of plastic phenotype adaptation through a continuously-structured phenotype space in low-cell-count proliferation assays. That our model corresponds probabilistically to common partial differential equation models of resistance allows us to formulate a likelihood that captures the intrinsic noise ubiquitous to such experiments. We apply our framework to assess the identifiability of key model parameters in several population-level data collection regimes; in particular, parameters relating to the adaptation velocity and cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Significantly, we find that cell-to-cell heterogeneity is practically non-identifiable from both cell count and proliferation marker data, implying that population-level behaviours may be well characterised by homogeneous ordinary differential equation models. Additionally, we demonstrate that population-level data are insufficient to distinguish resistance as a discrete phenotype from a continuous distribution of phenotypes. Our results inform the design of both future experiments and future quantitative analyses that probe phenotypic plasticity in cancer.

Author SummaryMany cancers adaptively and reversibly develop resistance to treatment, adding complexity to predictive model development and, by extension, treatment design. While so-called drug challenge experiments are now commonly employed to interrogate phenotypic plasticity, there are very few quantitative tools available to interpret the biological data that arises. In particular, it remains unclear what is needed from drug challenge experiments in order to identify the phenotypic structure of a population that responds adaptively to treatment. In this work, we develop a new individual-level mathematical model of phenotypic plasticity in parallel with a structured model calibration process. Applying our framework to various existing and potential experimental designs reveals that experiments that yield only population-level data cannot distinguish between drug resistance as a distinct cell state, or drug resistance as a continuum of cell states. Consequentially, at the population-level, we demonstrate that common mathematical models that assume a set of distinct cell states can characterise the behaviour of cell populations that, in actuality, respond through a continuum of states. Importantly, our results shed light on both the mathematical models and experiments required to capture phenotypic plasticity in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crossley, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maini, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassidy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.19.608540</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifiability of heterogeneous phenotype adaptation from low-cell-count experiments and a stochastic model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.609638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From impact metrics and open science to communicating research: Journalists' awareness of academic controversies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.609638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study sheds light on how journalists respond to evolving debates within academia around topics including research integrity, improper use of metrics to measure research quality and impact, and the risks and benefits of the open science movement. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 19 health and science journalists, we describe journalists awareness of these controversies and the ways in which that awareness, in turn, shapes the practices they use to select, verify, and communicate research. Our findings suggest that journalists perceptions of debates in scholarly communication vary widely, with some displaying a highly critical and nuanced understanding and others presenting a more limited awareness. Those with a more in-depth understanding report closely scrutinizing the research they report, carefully vetting the study design, methodology, and analyses. Those with a more limited awareness are more trusting of the peer review system as a quality control system and more willing to rely on researchers when determining what research to report on and how to vet and frame it. We discuss the benefits and risks of these varied perceptions and practices, highlighting the implications for the nature of the research media coverage that reaches the public.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fleerackers, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moorhead, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alperin, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riedlinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maggio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.609638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From impact metrics and open science to communicating research: Journalists' awareness of academic controversies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Roles of Sensorimotor Alpha and Beta Oscillations in Overt Speech Production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Power decreases, or desynchronization, of sensorimotor alpha and beta oscillations (i.e., alpha and beta ERD) have long been considered as indices of sensorimotor control in overt speech production. However, their specific functional roles are not well understood. Hence, we first conducted a systematic review to investigate how these two oscillations are modulated by speech motor tasks in typically fluent speakers (TFS) and in persons who stutter (PWS). Eleven EEG/MEG papers with source localization were included in our systematic review. The results revealed consistent alpha and beta ERD in the sensorimotor cortex of TFS and PWS. Furthermore, the results suggested that sensorimotor alpha and beta ERD may be functionally dissociable, with alpha related to (somato-)sensory feedback processing during articulation and beta related to motor processes throughout planning and articulation. To (partly) test this hypothesis of a potential functional dissociation between alpha and beta ERD, we then analyzed existing intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data from the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of picture naming. We found moderate evidence for alpha, but not beta, ERDs sensitivity to speech movements in S1, lending supporting evidence for the functional dissociation hypothesis identified by the systematic review.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janse, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piai, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.04.611312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Roles of Sensorimotor Alpha and Beta Oscillations in Overt Speech Production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.15.613160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PGR5 promotes energy-dependent non-photochemical quenching to enable efficient C4 photosynthesis under fluctuating light 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.15.613160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5 (PGR5) is essential for generating proton motive force across thylakoid membranes in C3 plants and supporting photoprotection under fluctuating light conditions. It is proposed that this function is achieved by regulating cyclic electron flow around Photosystem I. During the evolutionary transition from C3 to C4 photosynthesis, the leaf abundance of PGR5 has increased, coinciding with a rise in the cyclic electron flow rate. To investigate the contribution of PGR5 to photoprotection in C4 photosynthesis, we generated model C4 monocot Setaria viridis with null pgr5 alleles. We show that plants lacking PGR5 struggle to establish proton motive force and energy-dependent non-photochemical quenching (qE) at higher irradiances during instantaneous measurements. This leads to a progressive decline in maximum Photosystem I activity when leaves are exposed to repeated cycles of high irradiance. Additionally, plants without PGR5 exhibit severely reduced growth and photosynthesis compared to wild type plants when grown under fluctuating daylight but not under constant daylight. In the absence of PGR5, a slower-relaxing, zeaxanthin-dependent form of non-photochemical quenching supports growth under fluctuating light, albeit at the cost of reduced photochemical efficiency and assimilation rate. Our findings underscore the role of PGR5 in enabling efficient C4 photosynthesis under fluctuating light by establishing proton motive force for the rapid upregulation of qE and preventing photodamage to the electron transport machinery. This study highlights the importance of various non-photochemical quenching mechanisms for C4 photosynthesis and emphasises the role of PGR5 in the evolution of C4 plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Woodford, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watkins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nix, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogson, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Caemmerer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furbank, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ermakova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.15.613160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PGR5 promotes energy-dependent non-photochemical quenching to enable efficient C4 photosynthesis under fluctuating light]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterogeneous distribution of inhibitory inputs among motor units as a key mechanism for motor adaptations to pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pain significantly influences movement, yet the neural mechanisms underlying the range of observed motor adaptations remain unclear. This study combined experimental data and in silico models to investigate the contribution of inhibitory and neuromodulatory inputs to motor unit behaviour in response to nociceptive stimulation during contractions at 30% of maximal torque. Specifically, we aimed to unravel the distribution pattern of inhibitory inputs to the motor unit pool. Seventeen participants performed isometric knee extension tasks under three conditions: Control, Pain (induced by injecting hypertonic saline into the infra-patellar fat pad), and Washout. We identified large samples of motor units in the vastus lateralis (up to 53/participant) from high-density electromyographic signals, leading to three key observations. First, while motor unit discharge rates significantly decreased during Pain, a substantial proportion of motor units (14.8-24.8%) did not show this decrease and, in some cases, even exhibited an increase. Second, using complementary approaches, we found that pain did not significantly affect neuromodulation, making it unlikely to be a major contributor to the observed changes in motor unit behaviour. Third, we observed a significant reduction in the proportion of common inputs to motor units during Pain. To explore potential neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these results, we simulated the behaviour of motor unit pools with varying distribution patterns of inhibitory inputs. Our simulations support the hypothesis that a non-homogeneous distribution of inhibitory inputs, not strictly organised according to motor unit size, is a key mechanism underlying the motor response to nociceptive stimulation during moderate contraction intensity.

Key pointsO_LIPain affects movement, but the neural mechanisms underlying these motor adaptations are not well defined.
C_LIO_LIThe traditional view is that pain causes uniform (homogeneous) inhibition among motor units.
C_LIO_LIRecent research has observed differential motor unit responses to experimental pain - some with decreased discharge rates and others with increased discharge rates.
C_LIO_LICombining experimental data with modelling, we provide compelling evidence of increased inhibition that is non-uniformly distributed across motor units, regardless of their size.
C_LI

Legend of the abstract figureWe combined experimental data and in silico models to investigate the contribution of inhibitory and neuromodulatory inputs to motor unit behaviour in response to nociceptive stimulation during submaximal isometric contractions at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. We identified large samples of motor units in the vastus lateralis, leading to three key observations. First, while motor unit discharge rates significantly decreased during Pain, a substantial proportion of motor units did not show this decrease and, in some cases, even exhibited an increase. Second, using complementary approaches, we found that pain did not significantly affect neuromodulation, making it unlikely to be a major contributor to the observed changes in motor unit behaviour. Third, we observed a significant reduction in the proportion of common inputs to motor units during Pain. Together with our simulations, these results provide evidence of increased inhibition that is non-uniformly distributed across motor units, regardless of their size. Ppp, pulses per second; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hug, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dernoncourt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avrillon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorstensen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besomi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Hoorn, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.05.616762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterogeneous distribution of inhibitory inputs among motor units as a key mechanism for motor adaptations to pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A simple model of population dynamics with beneficial and harmful interaction networks for empirical applications. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIPopulation dynamic models can forecast changes in the abundances of multiple interconnected species, which makes them potentially powerful tools for managing ecological communities, yet they remain largely under-utilised in applied settings. High data requirements and the ability to only model a narrow range of ecological interactions and/or trophic levels together limits their usefulness when faced with complex and data-poor systems, where beneficial (e.g. mutualism) and harmful (e.g. competition) interactions may operate simultaneously within and between species.
C_LIO_LIWe present a model of population dynamics that can describe a wide range of ecological interaction outcomes with a simple, unified structure. Species growth rates are constrained by a maximum growth rate parameter which prevents the risk of population explosions even in the case of mutualism. Species interactions are defined by two, not mutually-exclusive interactions matrices that describe the effects of beneficial and harmful interactions respectively, together providing the potential for the net effect of interactions between one species and another to switch from beneficial to harmful as population density increases.
C_LIO_LIThis model recreates classic dynamics in two-species mutualistic, competitive, and predator-prey scenarios, allowing us to model a wide range of trophic levels and interaction types together within the same equation. The maximum growth rate parameter, theoretically based in intrinsic constraints on reproduction, can be parameterised from a wide range of sources including natural history, historical data, and breeding programs. We illustrate the potential of this model with a data-poor case study of a threatened species and two interacting predators.
C_LIO_LIThis new model is generaliseable to a wide range of natural ecological communities. Its model structure lowers data requirements whilst remaining intuitive and biologically realistic, making it an accessible option for predicting community-wide population changes in applied contexts where data is sparse and/or uncertain.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bimler, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascal, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A simple model of population dynamics with beneficial and harmful interaction networks for empirical applications.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.22.619608v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A rational approach for the targeted discovery and characterisation of microbiome-derived therapeutics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.22.619608v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human gut microbiome is intrinsically involved in health and disease, representing a wealth of untapped therapeutic potential. Here, we demonstrate the utility and potential of a metagenome guided, large cohort-based approach for the rational selection of live biotherapeutics from the human gut. We applied this approach to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), identifying several lead candidates that were significantly depleted in individuals with IBD compared to healthy controls. Their therapeutic potential was assessed in preclinical models of IBD where they improved markers of disease pathology by reducing inflammation and promoting mucosal healing and wound repair. All leads had excellent safety profiles in silico and in vitro, and several additionally presented favourable manufacturing properties, supporting their progression into clinical trials. We believe that this rational approach will be generalisable to any disease state with underlying microbiome aetiology and will expedite the development of novel microbiome-derived therapeutics to improve human health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krause, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krueger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez Loayza, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ljungberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabellino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyeverecz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nissen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tousignant, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bongers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parks, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsheikh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera-Wolf, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masterman, K.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuvochina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bessette, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pribyl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chipperfield, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caban, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenna, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, D. L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wills, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keely, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munro, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugenholtz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O Cuiv, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.22.619608</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A rational approach for the targeted discovery and characterisation of microbiome-derived therapeutics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.24.619976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developing new technologies to protect ecosystems: planning with adaptive management 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.24.619976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Technology development is an essential investment for policymakers to address contemporary global crises, including climate change, biodiversity loss, the energy transition, and emergent infectious diseases. However, investing limited resources in the development of new technologies is risky. The research and development process is unpredictable, with unknown timelines and outcomes. In addition, even after successful development, the effects of deploying a new technology remain uncertain. When confronted with these uncertainties, policymakers must determine how long they should allocate resources to developing new technologies. Informed decisions require anticipating possible successes and failures of both technology development and deployment, which is a challenging optimisation task when managing dynamic systems, such as threatened ecological systems. Using an adaptive management approach from Artificial Intelligence, we discover a time limit new technologies should be developed for, which balances costs, benefits, and uncertainties during development and deployment. We extract clear and transparent general rules for investing in new technologies, building on an analytical approximation. Using Australias Great Barrier Reef as a case study, we demonstrate how characteristics of the managed system influence the optimal investment strategy. Our approach can inform the development of new technologies in multiple domains including biodiversity conservation, public health, energy production, and the technology industry more broadly.

SignificanceTechnology development is essential to address the crises our world faces, such as ecosystem collapse. With limited resources, policymakers must decide whether to invest in developing new technologies and, if ever, when to stop. Informed decisions require anticipating possible failures of both technology development and deployment, a challenging task when dealing with changing systems. Using an Artificial

Intelligence approach, we find a time limit for technology development that depends on characteristics of the managed ecosystem. This work can guide technology investments in many domains such as biodiversity conservation, epidemiology, energy production and the technology industry more broadly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pascal, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chades, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmstedt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.24.619976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developing new technologies to protect ecosystems: planning with adaptive management]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.24.624523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional split-tRNA: a new perspective on codon decoding mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.24.624523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The translation machinery is required to process all codon triplets without exception while maintaining high speed and accuracy, despite orders-of-magnitude differences in cognate pairing stability. For stability-based selection to be efficient, the range of pairing stabilities must be narrowed by raising the lower bound and lowering the upper bound. The constrained structure and intramolecular cooperativity of tRNA complicate understanding of how it modulates codon-anticodon stability and whether it affects selection kinetics beyond codon recognition. To address these questions, we engineered functional split-tRNAs bearing a dangling anticodon in place of the anticodon loop. Our results demonstrate that split-tRNA supports in vitro translation nearly as efficiently as intact synthetic tRNA, challenging the notion that tRNA strain is essential for triggering GTP hydrolysis in response to codon recognition. Using split-tRNA architecture, we found that codon-anticodon stability is likely modulated by the dipole moments of adjacent nucleobases. Our kinetic modeling aligns with a conformational selection mechanism, where the decoding site fluctuates between open and closed states, and the correct codon-anticodon minihelix acts as an allosteric effector that permits its spontaneous closure and stabilizes the closed state. Overall, our data challenge the notion that tRNA is an active player in the selection process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mureev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.24.624523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional split-tRNA: a new perspective on codon decoding mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.24.625082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bin Chicken: targeted metagenomic coassembly for the efficient recovery of novel genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.24.625082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recovery of microbial genomes from metagenomic datasets has provided genomic representation for hundreds of thousands of species from diverse biomes. However, low abundance microorganisms are often missed due to insufficient genomic coverage. Here we present Bin Chicken, an algorithm which substantially improves genome recovery through automated, targeted selection of metagenomes for coassembly based on shared marker gene sequences derived from raw reads. Marker gene sequences that are divergent from known reference genomes can be further prioritised, providing an efficient means of recovering highly novel genomes. Applying Bin Chicken to public metagenomes and coassembling 800 sample-groups recovered 77,562 microbial genomes, including the first genomic representatives of 6 phyla, 41 classes, and 24,028 species. These genomes expand the genomic tree of life and uncover a wealth of novel microbial lineages for further research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aroney, S. T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newell, R. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.24.625082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bin Chicken: targeted metagenomic coassembly for the efficient recovery of novel genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Remission spectroscopy resolves the mode of action of bedaquiline within living mycobacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bedaquiline, an ATP synthase inhibitor, is the spearhead of transformative therapies against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, remission spectroscopy is used to measures the energy-transducing cytochromes within unperturbed, respiring suspensions of mycobacterial and human cells, allowing spectroscopic measurements of electron transport chains as they power living cells and respond to bedaquiline. No evidence is found for protonophoric or ionophoric uncoupling. Rather, by directly inhibiting ATP synthase, bedaquiline slows the respiratory supercomplex (Qcr:Cta; bcc:aa3) by increasing the proton-motive force, causing sub-second redirection of electron flux through the cytochrome bd oxidase (Cyd) to O2. Electron flux redirection explains the idiosyncratic bedaquiline-induced increase in O2 consumption rates previously observed. Redirection occurs as Cyd is present even in cells grown in plentiful O2. Applying the same approach to human cells did not detect bedaquiline-induced inhibition of mitochondrial function despite such inhibition being seen in isolated systems. Overall, we clarify how bedaquiline works, why different models for its action developed, and the mechanisms underlying the synergy of bedaquiline in combination regimes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harrison, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Springett, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osman, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaza, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.626386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Remission spectroscopy resolves the mode of action of bedaquiline within living mycobacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.626718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crackling Cloud: an event-driven, cloud-based CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNA design tool 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.626718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene editing has been revolutionised by the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The versatility and ease-of-use of the technology far exceeds its predecessors, however, the selection of a high-quality guide RNA (gRNA) is critical to directing it to a target site. Selecting gRNA calls upon high-performance algorithms that evaluate nuclease activity at on-target and off-target sites. While there are a suite of programs available, many struggle to analyse the largest genomes, or their predictive accuracy is low. We have previously published a program, named Crackling that is amongst the fastest and most accurate tools available, however, it requires an end-user to have access to a traditional high-performance computing environment. Here, we present an adaptation of Crackling, named Crackling Cloud, that takes advantage of modern serverless cloud technologies that are widely available to anyone, and do not consume resources and incur costs when sitting idle, but can scale to use large volumes of resources when analyses require that. Crackling Cloud is provided as a templated solution using technologies of Amazon Web Services, and is available for free on GitHub under the terms of the BSD 3-clause licence: https://github.com/bmds-lab/Crackling-AWS
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bradford, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meurant, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.04.626718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crackling Cloud: an event-driven, cloud-based CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNA design tool]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.626884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metagenomic analysis of marsupial gut microbiomes provides a genetic basis for the low methane economy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.626884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The potent greenhouse gas methane is an end-product of plant biomass digestion by gut microbiota, though the amount produced and/or released varies among herbivorous animals. On a per unit of feed basis, macropodid marsupials (e.g. kangaroos) are widely thought to be low methane-emitting herbivores compared to high methane-producing ruminant livestock. How the gut microbiome contributes to the low methane status of marsupials is not well understood but of high potential value for a low methane economy. Here, we analyse the faecal metagenomes of 14 different marsupial species and 1,394 derived metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), focusing on the functional distinction of the bacterial and archaeal communities compared to ruminant faecal microbiomes. Though composition and function of the marsupial gut microbiome considerably varied across and within animal species, there was a clear host-associated bacterial signature for the community that differed significantly between marsupial hosts and compared to ruminants. Of particular note was a range of Bacteroidota, Campylobacterota, Desulfobacterota, Pseudomonadota and Verrucomicrobiota species that were enriched in marsupials and encode H2-uptake hydrogenases that mediate hydrogenotrophic respiration. Additionally, in support of an enrichment of electron sinks, enzymes for butyrate, propionate, and glutamate production, as well as nitrate, nitrite, and fumarate respiration were enriched in marsupials. Collectively, these data suggest that, by favoring an enrichment of alternate hydrogen sinks of bacterial origin, the low methane phenotype reported for marsupials is feasible and offers a genetic basis to pursue reductions of livestock methane emissions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bowerman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McRae, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volmer, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaugg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugenholtz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greening, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soo, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.04.626884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metagenomic analysis of marsupial gut microbiomes provides a genetic basis for the low methane economy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.626740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protozoal populations drive system-wide variation in the rumen microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.626740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While rapid progress has been made to characterize the bacterial and archaeal populations of the rumen microbiome, insight into how they interact with keystone protozoal species remains elusive. Here, we reveal two distinct rumen community types (RCT-A and RCT-B) that are not strongly associated with host phenotype nor genotype but instead linked to protozoal community patterns. We leveraged a series of multi-omic datasets to show that the dominant Epidinium spp. in animals with RCT-B employ a plethora of fiber-degrading enzymes that present enriched Prevotella spp. a favorable carbon landscape to forage upon. Conversely, animals with RCT-A, dominated by genera Isotricha and Entodinium, harbor a more even distribution of fiber, protein, and amino acid metabolizers, reflected by higher detection of metabolites from both protozoal and bacterial activity. We reveal microbiome variation across key protozoal and bacterial populations is interlinked, which should act as an important consideration for future development of microbiome-based technologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kobel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera-Ponce de Leon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altshuler, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagen, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wollenberg, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakshani, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willats, W. G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicoll, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIlroy, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hvidsten, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greening, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roehe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aho, V. T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.05.626740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protozoal populations drive system-wide variation in the rumen microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.627100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergence of Sparse Coding, Balance and Decorrelation from a Biologically-Grounded Spiking Neural Network Model of Learning in the Primary Visual Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.627100v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Many computational studies attempt to address the question of information representation in biological neural networks using an explicit optimization based on an objective function. These approaches begin with principles of information representation that are expected to be found in the network and from which learning rules can be derived.

This study approaches the question from the opposite direction; beginning with a model built upon the experimentally observed properties of neural responses, homeostasis, and synaptic plasticity. The known properties of information representation are then expected to emerge from this substrate.

A spiking neural model of the primary visual cortex (V1) was investigated. Populations of both inhibitory and excitatory leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with recurrent connections were provided with spiking input from simulated ON and OFF neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus. This network was provided with natural image stimuli as input. All synapses underwent learning using spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning rules. A homeostatic rule adjusted the weights and thresholds of each neuron based on target homeostatic spiking rates and mean synaptic input values.

These experimentally grounded rules resulted in a number of the expected properties of information representation. The network showed a temporally sparse spike response to inputs and this was associated with a sparse code with Gabor-like receptive fields. The network was balanced at both slow and fast time scales; increased excitatory input was balanced by increased inhibition. This balance was associated with decorrelated firing that was observed as population sparseness. This population sparseness was both the cause and result of the decorrelation of receptive fields. These observed emergent properties (balance, temporal sparseness, population sparseness, and decorrelation) indicate that the network is implementing expected principles of information processing: efficient coding, information maximization (infomax), and a lateral or single-layer form of predictive coding.

These emergent features of the network were shown to be robust to randomized jitter of the values of key simulation parameters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruslim, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogendoorn, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meffin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkitt, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.05.627100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergence of Sparse Coding, Balance and Decorrelation from a Biologically-Grounded Spiking Neural Network Model of Learning in the Primary Visual Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.08.627430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulating big mechanically-active culture systems (BigMACS) using paired biomechanics-histology FEA modelling to derive mechanobiology design relationships. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.08.627430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Big mechanically-active culture systems (BigMACS) are promising to stimulate, control, and pattern cell and tissue behaviours with less soluble factor requirements, however, it remains challenging to predict if and how distributed mechanical forces impact single-cell behaviours to pattern tissue. In this study, we introduce a centimetre, tissue-scale, finite element analysis (FEA) framework able to correlate sub-cellular quantitative histology with centimetre-scale biomechanics. Our framework is relevant to diverse bigMACS; media perfusion, tensile-stress, magnetic, and pneumatic tissue culture platforms. We apply our framework to understand how the design and operation of a multi-axial soft robotic bioreactor can spatially control mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation, orientation, differentiation to smooth muscle, and extracellular vascular matrix deposition. We find MSC proliferation and matrix deposition correlate positively with mechanical stimulation but cannot be locally patterned by soft robot mechanical stimulation within a centimetre scale tissue. In contrast, local stress distribution was able to locally pattern MSC orientation and differentiation to smooth muscle phenotypes, where MSCs aligned perpendicular to principal stress direction and expressed increased -SMA with increasing 3D Von Mises Stresses from 0 to 15 kPa. Altogether, our new biomechanical-histological simulation framework is a promising technique to derive the future mechanical design equations to control cell behaviours and engineer patterned tissue generation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schoenborn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fell, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletcher, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirola, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toh, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allenby, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.08.627430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulating big mechanically-active culture systems (BigMACS) using paired biomechanics-histology FEA modelling to derive mechanobiology design relationships.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbial alginate foraging is conserved in geographically and taxonomically distinct ruminant microbiomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seaweed plays a crucial role in carbon cycling and is expected to be a valuable resource for sustainable biomass, with applications in biofuel production, human nutrition, and animal feed. Although seaweed has historically been used as a feed source for livestock grazing near coastlines, the process by which it is digested in the rumen remains unknown. Here, we show how the brown algae Saccharina latissima is catabolized in the rumen ecosystem of two different species using in vivo and in vitro experimental systems. We determined that the ruminal decomposition of alginate, a prominent component of the brown algae cell wall, requires microbial catabolic pathways complete with alginate lyases and transport proteins. Evidence of digestion was obtained through a combination of animal models, bacterial imaging, multilayered meta-omics, and enzyme biochemistry. The evolution of and implications for acquisition of  alginate utilization loci within geographically and taxonomically distinct ruminants are considered.

Graphical abstractSaccharina latissima is a brown alga commonly found in the North Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific oceans. S. latissima was collected from the west coast and Canada and Norway for microbiome studies. Alginate constitutes a substantial portion of the cell wall of S. latissima (SL), and its digestion requires a specific set of enzymes, alginate lyases. We investigated if and how S. latissima is metabolized in geographically distinct rumen ecosystems through in vivo lamb feeding experiments (2.5 and 5% inclusion, DM basis) and in vitro cattle-based rumen simulation technique, RUSITEC, experiments (up to 50% inclusion). Evidence supporting ruminal degradation of alginate was explored using a combination of multilayered meta-omics, physiology (fluorescently labelled S. latissima hot water extracts (FLA-SLAT)) and biochemical characterization of PL6 alginate lyases.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=161 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/628917v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (43K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@eebe40org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c6fb8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7a9b1borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15d30d7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferrillo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tingley, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagaye, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajwa, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannessen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lysberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mydland, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overland, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reintjes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shearer, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klassen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbott, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagen, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.17.628917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbial alginate foraging is conserved in geographically and taxonomically distinct ruminant microbiomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.13.628455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comparative analysis of toxin gene families across diverse sea anemone species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.13.628455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All species from order Actiniaria (sea anemones) are venomous, even though most are of no threat to humans. Currently, we know very little about the toxin gene complement of highly venomous members of this order. To address this gap in knowledge, we sequenced the transcriptome of the highly venomous and medically significant Hells Fire sea anemone, Actinodendron plumosum, as well as five distantly related species, Cryptodendrum adhaesivum, Epiactis australiensis, Heteractis aurora, Isactinia olivacea and Stichodactyla mertensii. We used bioinformatic approaches to identify their toxin gene complements and performed a comparative evolutionary analysis of seven understudied toxin families. Of the 16 toxin families identified, 12-40 candidate toxins were found in the six new sea anemone transcriptomes, with only 12 candidates in eight toxin families identified in A. plumosum. Across 26 sea anemone species, six neurotoxin families showed evidence of taxonomic restriction, whereas the phospholipase A2 toxin family was ubiquitously distributed. Additionally, we identified two alternative forms for the phospholipase A2 toxin family, a 10- and 14-cysteine framework, which warrant further structural and functional characterisation. Overall, we have identified a comprehensive list of toxins from a wide diversity of sea anemone species that provides the basis for future research to structurally and functionally characterise novel candidates for use as therapeutics or for agricultural applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broszczak, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Burg, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surm, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liggins, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prentis, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.13.628455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comparative analysis of toxin gene families across diverse sea anemone species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.628624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting de novo lipogenesis improves gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.628624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with few treatment options and poor survivability. In this work we sought to characterise metabolic adaptations to gemcitabine (GEMC)-based chemotherapy exposure to discover new therapeutic targets for improving treatment efficacy. We show that GEMC resistance (GEMR) upregulates de novo lipogenesis in Panc1 and MiaPaCa2 cells through increased activity and expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). We also discovered alternate fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) activity in Panc1 cells, which led to the production of sapienic acid (FA 16:1n-10, cis) from palmitic acid (FA 16:0). Knockdown of key lipid synthesis enzymes sensitised cells to GEMC treatment, with FAS (both cell lines), SCD1 (MiaPaCa2 only) and SCD1+FADS2 (Panc1) knockdown showing the greatest reduction in cell growth when combined with GEMC treatment. In Panc1 cells, both desaturases upregulated their activity when the alternate was knocked down, necessitating the need for dual desaturase knockdown in this cell line. PDAC cells attenuated to grow in combination GEMC/paclitaxel (CombAT) also displayed enhanced de novo lipogenesis; however, combination chemotherapy significantly downregulated FADS2 expression and activity in Panc1 CombAT cells rendering them more sensitive to SCD1 knockdown. We conclude that co-targeting lipid synthesis in PDAC could be a viable strategy for improving the efficacy of both GEMC monotherapy and combination GEMC/PTX therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hancock, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garthwaite, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harellis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susetio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lising, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wongsomboon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menzel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poad, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanksby, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.18.628624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting de novo lipogenesis improves gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of wildfire smoke and diesel exhaust on inflammatory response in aging human microglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAir pollution, particularly from Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEP) and Wildfire Smoke (WFS), is increasingly recognised as a significant driver of neuroinflammation linked to brain diseases. However, the role of microglia in mediating these neuroinflammatory responses remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of air pollution on monocyte-derived microglia-like cells (MDMi) from both young (< 40 years of age), and (older > 60 years of age) healthy individuals, focusing on immune response, cytokine secretion, nitrosative stress, and phagocytic activity.

ResultsOur study demonstrated that DEP and WFS extract (WFSE) significantly upregulated expression of the oxidative stress marker, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in MDMi after 24 hr, with levels normalising by 96 hr, indicating a transient oxidative stress response. Both DEP and WFSE elicited distinct inflammatory cytokine profiles. DEP induced a rapid response, increasing TNF-, IL-6, IL-23, and IL-33 within 2 hr in young MDMi and 24 hr in aged MDMi. In contrast, WFSE triggered a delayed but sustained inflammatory response, with TNF-, IFN-{gamma}, IL-23, and IL-33 levels persisting at 96 hr in aged MDMi, highlighting an age-related vulnerability to air pollutant-induced inflammation.

Both pollutants activated p38, ERK, and NF-{kappa}B pathways, with p38 activity resolving by 96 hours and ERK activation persisting, reflecting their distinct roles in cellular stress and inflammation. NF-{kappa}B p65 nuclear translocation, observed at 24 hours, highlighted its critical role in cytokine release and inflammation following exposure to DEP and WFSE. This is the first report of NF-{kappa}B activation in human microglia exposed to air pollutants.

ConclusionsThese results highlight the distinct and potentially harmful effects of DEP and WFSE on immune and inflammatory responses in MDMi, particularly in ageing populations, with significant implications for brain health. DEP triggers acute oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, while WFSE induces more prolonged effects, especially in aged microglia. Both pollutants activate the MAPK and NF-{kappa}B pathways and exhibit unique cytokine profiles, underscoring their overlapping yet distinct mechanisms of action. These findings advance our understanding of air pollutant-induced neuroinflammation and its contribution to neurodegeneration, providing a foundation for developing targeted interventions to mitigate the neurotoxic effects of air pollution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cuni-Lopez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milton, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etebar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asare, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupton, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ristovski, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quek, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.20.629570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of wildfire smoke and diesel exhaust on inflammatory response in aging human microglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acoustic Recognition of Individual Animals in thePresence of Unknown Individuals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Passive acoustic monitoring is firmly established as an effective non-invasive technique for wildlife monitoring. The analysis of animal vocalizations recorded in their natural habitats is commonly used to monitor species occupancy, distribution mapping and community composition. However, the ability to distinguish between individual animals by their vocalisations remains under-explored and presents an exciting opportunity to study individual animal behavior and population demographics in more detail. In this work, we investigate bioacoustic individual-level recognition. In contrast to existing work, we focus on settings where only a subset of the existing population is known and labeled. This is crucial because wildlife populations are constantly changing so that solutions operating only within a known set of individuals are not realistically applicable in the wild. Using two novel datasets, we show that models initially trained to classify only known individuals can also be extended to detect new and previously unknown individuals not included in the training set. We demonstrate that feature extractors pretrained on species classification can be successfully adapted for this task. Extending individual-level recognition to unknown individuals, so-called out-of-distribution classification, is a crucial step towards making individual recognition a realistic possibility in the wild.

HighlightsO_LIWe show that features learned by models pretrained on bird species data can be transferred to individual classification tasks with minimal effort.
C_LIO_LIWe define and explore the out-of-distribution classification problem on individual animal vocalisations and address various subtleties and eco-logical use cases.
C_LIO_LIWe compile and contribute two additional datasets to facilitate further research on individual acoustic recognition.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teixeira, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiaradia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.18.629284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acoustic Recognition of Individual Animals in thePresence of Unknown Individuals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Haemodynamic impact of implant materials and anastomotic angle in peripheral vascular grafts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
End-to-side anastomoses are commonly utilised in peripheral arterial bypass surgery and are plagued by high rates of re-stenosis as a result of non-physiological blood flow impacting arterial and graft structures. Computational simulations can examine how patient-specific surgical decisions in bypass graft placement and material selection affect blood flow and future risk of graft restenosis. Despite graft geometry and compliance being key predictors of restenosis, current simulations do not consider the interaction of flowing blood with compliant vessel, graft, and suture structures. Utilising fluid-structure interaction simulations, this study examines the impact of surgical technique, such as anastomosis angle, graft material, and suture material, on blood flow and fluid-structure forces in patient-specific asymptomatic arterial tree versus side-to-end peripheral grafts for symptomatic atherosclerotic disease. To render these complex simulations numerically feasible, our pipeline uses regional suture mechanics and a pre-stress pipeline previously validated in small-scale idealised models. Our simulations found that higher anastomosis angles generate larger regions of slow and recirculating blood, characterised by non-physiologically low shear stress and high oscillatory shear index. The use of compliant graft materials reduces regions of non-physiologically high shear stress only when used in combination with compliant suture materials. Altogether, our fluid-structure interaction simulation provides patient-specific platforms for vascular surgery decisions concerning graft geometry and material.

HighlightsO_LISimulating bypass graft haemodynamics with realistic fluid-structure interactions.
C_LIO_LIBypass grafts generate large regions of slow blood flow and blood recirculation.
C_LIO_LIGreater graft anastomosis angles correlate with larger blood recirculation regions.
C_LIO_LINonphysiologically stiff graft and suture materials increase vessel shear stress.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schoenborn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivakumaran, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletcher, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirola, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allenby, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.18.629298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Haemodynamic impact of implant materials and anastomotic angle in peripheral vascular grafts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.634421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared molecular regulation of quiescence in neural and glioma stem cells reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.634421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quiescence, a reversible state of cell-cycle arrest, is an adaptive feature of many adult tissue stem cells, including those in the adult brain. In gliomas, brain tumour stem cells that reside in a quiescent state preferentially survive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, highlighting their critical role in therapy resistance and disease progression. To date, it remains unclear whether the molecular programs governing these states are functionally conserved between neural stem cells and brain tumour stem cells. Here, we establish novel in vitro models to study quiescence and find that glioma stem cells are markedly more resistant to entering quiescence than neural stem cells, suggesting that glioma stem cell quiescence more closely resembles a slow-cycling phenotype or shallow quiescence. Nonetheless, direct comparison of quiescent neural stem cells and quiescent/slow-cycling glioma stem cells, as they transition towards proliferation, reveals conserved gene expression trajectories, indicating shared molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we find that pathways influencing quiescence in neural stem cells exert similar effects in glioma stem cells, underscoring the functional parallels between these populations. Finally, we identify that inhibition of TGF-{beta} signalling might provide an avenue to improve current standard-of-care treatments by targeting quiescent glioma stem cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singleton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brauer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friess, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hart, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skarne, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pullela, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.22.634421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared molecular regulation of quiescence in neural and glioma stem cells reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.02.635587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal membrane fluidity modulates biofilm formation in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.02.635587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IMPACT STATEMENTMembrane fluidity plays a crucial role in bacterial fitness and adaptation to cope rapid environmental changes. While high membrane fluidity promotes robust biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae, studies in several other species, including Salmonella enterica, suggest that biofilm formation is associated with reduced fluidity. This paradox may reflect the complex relationship between lipid composition and biofilm formation. Our findings demonstrated that both low and high extremes of lipid fluidity restrict biofilm formation. We propose that the required fluidity for biofilm growth, relative to that required for planktonic growth, may differ between species and are readily adjusted during lifestyle transitions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.02.635587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal membrane fluidity modulates biofilm formation in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.31.635399v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic and environmental contributions to ReHo and fALFF in early adolescence vary across brain regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.31.635399v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Research on genetic and environmental influences on brain function generally focuses on connections between brain areas. A different yet unexplored approach is to examine activity within local brain regions. We investigated the influence of genes and environmental effects on two specific measures of local brain function: Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations (fALFF). Participants were drawn from a sample of adolescent twins on two occasions (mean ages 11.5 and 13.2 years, N = 278 and 248). Results showed that genetic and environmental factors influenced brain function in almost all 210 cortical regions examined. Moreover, genetic and common environmental factors influencing ReHo and fALFF values at wave 1 (9-14 years) also influenced values at wave 2 (10-16 years) for many regions. However, the influence of genetic and common environmental factors varied across the cortex, exhibiting different patterns in different regions. Furthermore, we found new (i.e., independent) genetic and environmental influences on brain activity at wave 2, again with regional patterns. Exploratory analyses found weak associations between anxiety and depressive symptoms and local brain function in several regions of the temporal lobe. These findings are consistent with similar studies of other resting-state functional MRI metrics (i.e., functional connectivity).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strike, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medland, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicaray, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.635399</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic and environmental contributions to ReHo and fALFF in early adolescence vary across brain regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.03.635991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A typology of Australian terrestrial bird communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.03.635991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimIncreasing interest in holistic measurement of the response of fauna communities to interventions requires suitable community condition metrics. However, the development of such metrics is hindered by the absence of broad-scale typologies at suitable spatial and ecological resolutions. We aimed to derive a preliminary typology of terrestrial bird communities for Australia, based on bird co-occurrence data, and describe and map the likely distribution of each community type across the continent.

LocationMainland Australia, continental islands

Time period1973-2022

Major taxa studiedAves

MethodsWe used fine-scale co-occurrence data from standard 2-ha surveys in BirdLife Australias citizen-science database. After filtering to reduce bias, we used hierarchical clustering followed by iterative consultation with experts to identify reliably distinct and recognisable terrestrial bird communities across Australia. We used Maxent to model the likely distributions of each community, and developed community descriptions based on each communitys composition and distribution.

ResultsThe resultant typology included 29 reliably distinct and recognisable bird communities with major clusters corresponding with seven broad geographical regions. The distributions of bird communities did not correspond tightly to the boundaries of major vegetation groups, with most communities occurring across multiple vegetation types.

Main ConclusionsOur preliminary typology of bird communities provides a standard classification at a continental scale. It newly defines distinct bird communities as entities for which condition benchmarks can be established to allow assessment of their conservation status and monitoring of change over time.

Refinement will enable cryptic communities in areas with sparse data to be identified. The method could be translated to other regions where adequate coverage of data in the form of standardised surveys of fauna are available. Vast biodiversity datasets delivered through citizen science programs provide the opportunity to develop such typologies for fauna communities, as a precursor to developing targeted and informative community condition metrics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maisey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burbidge, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haslem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reside, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tulloch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melton, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teixeira, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderduys, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainsford, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihailou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Possingham, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radford, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmonds, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills-Anderson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indraswari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selwood, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leseberg, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackett, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spindler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loyn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noske, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verdon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyre, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.03.635991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A typology of Australian terrestrial bird communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.09.637341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruptions in Outer Membrane-Peptidoglycan Interactions Enhance Bile Salt Resistance in O-antigen-Producing E. coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.09.637341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bile salts (BS) are derived from cholesterol in the liver and act as antimicrobial agents in the intestines by disrupting bacterial cell membranes and inducing oxidative stress. The gut bacterium E. coli is naturally resistant to BS, including the model strain K12 that produces a truncated LPS without O-antigen (OAg). Paradoxically, restoring a wild-type like LPS with OAg sensitises E. coli K12 to exogenous BS. In this study, we investigate this phenomenon. We show that mutations causing truncation of the LPS core oligosaccharide render these strains even more susceptible to BS, similar to the mutant strain MG1655-S{Delta}waaL defective in OAg ligase, primarily due to the accumulation of the lipid-linked intermediate UndPP-OAg. Through the characterisation of BS-resistant suppressor mutants of MG1655-S{Delta}waaL, we identify key genetic disruptions involved in resistance. Notably, we observed the highest BS resistance in strains with a weaker connection between the outer membrane (OM) and peptidoglycan (PG), including strains lacking the major OM-anchored, PG-binding proteins OmpA or Lpp, or expressing versions of these that lack PG-binding. Our data suggest that BS-induced stress in OAg-producing E. coli is due to the spatial constraints between OM and PG, and that mutations disrupting OM-PG interactions alleviate this stress, enhancing BS resistance. These findings provide new insights into a major challenge E. coli faces in the gut environment where it needs to produce OAg for stable colonisation and resists BS. E. coli can only survive BS exposure by fine-tuning the connectivity between its cell envelope layers, which highlights a potential target for modulating bacterial responses to BS in the gut.

Author summaryEnteric bacteria residing in the human gut must withstand the host-derived antimicrobial agents, bile salts (BS), but the underlying resistance mechanisms are not fully elucidated. This study investigates the BS resistance mechanisms in O-antigen (OAg)-producing Escherichia coli K-12. We show that truncation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core oligosaccharides or restoration of OAg production increases BS sensitivity due to the accumulation of UndPP-OAg intermediates. By analysing suppressor mutants, we identify key genetic disruptions, particularly affecting the level of outer membrane-peptidoglycan (OM-PG) interactions involving OmpA and Lpp, which confer heightened BS resistance. Our findings highlight how BS-induced stress is linked to spatial constraints between the OM and PG layer, offering new insights into bacterial adaptation to BS stress. This research may provide new targets for therapeutic interventions to modulate gut microbial responses to BS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollmer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morona, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.09.637341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruptions in Outer Membrane-Peptidoglycan Interactions Enhance Bile Salt Resistance in O-antigen-Producing E. coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mobile genetic elements that shape microbial diversity and functions inthawing permafrost soils 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The worlds ecosystems are shaped by microbiota. Their niches and their impacts depend on functional profiles influenced by gene gains and losses. While culture-based experiments demonstrate that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) can mediate gene flux, quantitative field data on the rates and impacts of MGE activity remains scarce. Here we leverage large-scale soil meta-omic data to develop and apply analytics for studying MGEs in complex natural systems. In our model permafrost-thaw ecosystem, Stordalen Mire, we identify [~]2.1 million MGE recombinases across 89 microbial phyla to assess ecological distributions, affected functions, past mobility, and current activity. This revealed MGEs shaping natural genetic diversity via differential impacts on major phyla; affecting a wide range of functions, including diverse regulatory and metabolic genes affecting carbon flux and nutrient cycling; and moving at rates that should significantly influence the realized functional profiles of natural microbiomes. These findings and this systematic meta-omic framework open new avenues to better investigate MGE diversity, activity, mobility, and impacts in nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aroney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez-Huerta, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vik, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansah, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratama, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solonenko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard-Varona, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fofana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgkins, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>EMERGE Field Teams 2010-2019,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>EMERGE Coordinators,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodcroft, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagby, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.12.637893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mobile genetic elements that shape microbial diversity and functions inthawing permafrost soils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.638097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From Archaea to the atmosphere: remotely sensing Arctic methane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.638097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Global atmospheric methane concentrations are rapidly rising and becoming isotopically more depleted, implying an unresolved microbial contribution. Rising Arctic temperatures are variably altering soil methane cycling, causing consequential uncertainty in the atmospheric methane budget. We demonstrated in an Arctic wetland that below-ground microbiota and methane-cycling features parallelled above-ground plant communities. To upscale emissions, we applied machine learning to remote sensing data to identify habitats, which were assigned average emissions. To upscale dynamically, we incorporated climate data, remotely-sensed water table variation, and habitat classes into a temporally-resolved biogeochemical model, to predict methane flux and isotope dynamics. This accurately estimated more depleted 13C-methane than previously used for Arctic habitats in global source partitioning. Remote-sensing of these rapidly changing inaccessible landscapes can thus help constrain the role of the Arctic in ongoing changes in global methane emissions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Varner, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cronin, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crill, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCalley, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgkins, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McArthur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolduc, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Archaea to Atmosphere (A2A) Project Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>EMERGE Institute Coordinators,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frolking, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanton, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Persson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleska, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.13.638097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From Archaea to the atmosphere: remotely sensing Arctic methane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.04.641501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global distribution of microbial carrageenan foraging pathways reveals widespread latent traits within the genetic dark matter of ruminant intestinal microbiomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.04.641501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seaweeds represent a promising source of sustainable, alternative feeds for livestock. Despite their increasing popularity in agriculture, the dietary fate of seaweed polysaccharides, such as carrageenan, is unknown. Here, we applied functional microbiome analyses of ruminant gastrointestinal tract microbiomes to discover catabolic enzymes specific for carrageenan digestion from the red seaweed Mazzaella japonica. M. japonica preferentially increased Bacteroides abundance within the distal gut over the rumen, and bacterial isolates had capacity to use carrageenans as a sole carbon source. Carrageenan-active polysaccharide utilization loci (CarPULs) were identified and recombinant enzymes were characterized to provide insights into pathway specialization of divergent CarPULs. Selective enrichment and metagenomic mining revealed that carrageenan catabolism is widespread among geographically and taxonomically distinct ruminants, suggesting it is a globally distributed latent trait within the order Ruminantia and carried within microbiome as part of the microbial "dark matter". These pathways are structurally distinct from those found in marine bacteria, highlighting a complex and ancient evolutionary history of CarPULs in ruminant microbiomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tingley, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>mihalynuk, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteside, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shearer, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altshuler, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jujihara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reintjes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boraston, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagen, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbott, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.04.641501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global distribution of microbial carrageenan foraging pathways reveals widespread latent traits within the genetic dark matter of ruminant intestinal microbiomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside serves as a source of iron supporting Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biofilm dispersal agents, like nitric oxide (NO), restore antimicrobial effectiveness against biofilm infections by inducing bacteria to shift from a biofilm to a planktonic state, thereby overcoming the antimicrobial tolerance typically associated with biofilms. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a widely used NO donor for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying NO-mediated biofilm dispersal in the nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the biofilm effects of SNP are variable depending on the in vitro experimental conditions, with some studies reporting enhanced growth in both planktonic and biofilm forms instead of dispersal. These discrepancies suggest that SNP affects P. aeruginosa biofilm-residing cells beyond the release of NO. In this study, we compared SNP with another NO donor, Spermine NONOate, to systematically contrast their effects on biofilm and planktonic cultures of P. aeruginosa. We found that SNP, but not Spermine NONOate, increased the biomass of P. aeruginosa biofilms in microplate cultures. This effect was also observed when biofilms were supplemented with iron. Additionally, supplementation with SNP rescued the planktonic growth of P. aeruginosa in iron-depleted media, similar to FeSO4 supplementation, suggesting that SNP may serve as an iron source. Our findings suggest that SNPs potential as an NO agent used for biofilm dispersal may be confounded by its role in promoting both biofilm and planktonic growth through its iron centre. Our study cautions investigators using SNP for studying NO-mediated biofilm dispersal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bertran i Forga, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairfull-Smith, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.12.642859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside serves as a source of iron supporting Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hydrogenase-driven ATP synthesis from air 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All cells require a continuous supply of the universal energy currency, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to drive countless cellular reactions. The universally conserved F1Fo-ATP synthase regenerates ATP from ADP and Pi by harnessing a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient (pmf). Bacteria have evolved a wide diversity of pmf-forming proteins to make ATP using light, organic, and inorganic energy sources. Recently, we proposed that many bacteria survive using atmospheric trace gases to produce ATP when limited for other energy sources. However, there is no direct proof that atmospheric energy sources are sufficient to generate pmf or drive ATP synthesis. Here, we show that the membrane-associated hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase Huc from Mycobacterium smegmatis enables ATP synthesis from air. Purified Huc couples H2 oxidation to the reduction of various ubiquinone and menaquinone analogues. We designed and optimised a minimal respiratory chain in which Huc is reconstituted into liposomes with a pmf-generating terminal oxidase and the ATP-generating F1Fo-ATP synthase. Our experiments show that passive hydrogen exchange from air to solution is sufficient for the electron transfer and pmf generation required to accumulate ATP. Finally, by combining continuous culture bioenergetics measurements with theoretical calculations, we show this process is sufficient for mycobacteria to sustain pmf and ATP synthesis (two ATP molecules per H2 oxidised) for maintenance energy requirements during nutrient starvation. These findings prove that atmospheric energy sources are dependable  lifeline substrates that enable continuous energy conservation during nutrient starvation. In addition, this work provides a new tool for ATP production in synthetic applications, which unlike other approaches is traceless without by-product accumulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soom, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moning, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingford, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kropp, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grinter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greening, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Ballmoos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.14.643271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hydrogenase-driven ATP synthesis from air]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.644066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Early Gut Microbiota Alterations in Alpha-Synuclein Transgenic Mice: Insights into Parkinson's Disease Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.644066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons Disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurodegenerative disease and manifests as a synucleinopathy with progressive motor and non-motor symptoms. In this study, we investigated the gut-microbial alterations associated with PD in an -synuclein transgenic mouse model (h-Syn) at both early and late stages of the disease. We utilised high-resolution functional metagenomics with ultra-deep sequencing to ensure the identification of low-abundance and novel taxa. The microbial community and metabolic pathways were profiled using Microba community and pathway profiler, respectively. While the microbial alpha-diversity remained unchanged between the h-Syn and WT group across different disease stages, distinct shifts in microbial composition were observed. The h-Syn group form two separate clusters corresponding to early and late stages of the disease, indicating progressive dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis in the early stages of PD was characterised with an increase in Staphylococcus species and a decrease of Duncaniella and Muribaculum species. A reduction in lactobacillus genera was also observed in PD. Furthermore, microbes associated with SCFA production declined whereas and opportunistic pathogens increased in abundance. These findings provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that microbiota alterations may contribute to the onset and progression of PD, highlighting potential microbial targets for future therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mondhe, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayabalan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ocampo, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.18.644066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Early Gut Microbiota Alterations in Alpha-Synuclein Transgenic Mice: Insights into Parkinson's Disease Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.23.643560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Explainable machine learning identifies features and thresholds predictive of immunotherapy response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.23.643560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundImmunotherapy has improved patient survival for multiple cancer types, including melanoma. While a variety of molecular features have been linked to response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treatment, clinically established biomarkers, such as tumour mutation burden (TMB) and PD-L1 expression, have shown limitations in accurately categorising responders versus non-responders. Due to the complex nature of ICI response, which includes cancer intrinsic and extrinsic features within the tumour microenvironment (TME), using a single biomarker to predict response is insufficient, necessitating the need to identify accurate clinical and multi-omic molecular predictors.

MethodsWe integrate clinical, DNA and RNA sequencing data from four datasets, comprising 138 melanoma patients treated with ICI, to develop machine learning models for predicting ICI response. The performance of each model was evaluated using an independent dataset of patients with cutaneous melanoma (n=53). Interactions between trained models and features were rationalised using the explainability method SHAP.

ResultsThe most optimal model was the multi-omic random forest model, with AUC-ROC of 0.78 when predicting response in the independent test dataset. Using SHAP, we predicted thresholds for mutational signatures, neoantigen load, immune cell-type abundance and immune receptor LAG3 expression. The relationship between these influential features and their SHAP scores revealed numerical thresholds constituting good and poor patient response.

ConclusionsThis approach highlights patient response to ICI is influenced by both cancer intrinsic and extrinsic features, as well as identifies candidate biomarkers that could inform the use of ICI and potentially assist in the selection of combination therapy in melanoma treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Addala, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koufariotis, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoeijmakers, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blank, C. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crispin-Ortuzar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondrashova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waddell, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.23.643560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Explainable machine learning identifies features and thresholds predictive of immunotherapy response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.25.645132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The gut microbiome in early age-related macular degeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.25.645132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiome is implicated in the development of advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) but no study has investigated microbial composition in early AMD nor controlled for important microbiome modulators such as diet and light. This is crucial as diet can change the microbiome rapidly as well as affects disease progression. In addition, the light signalling photoreceptors are dysfunctional in AMD. Here we determined the gut microbiota by conducting 16S DNA metagenomic sequencing of 40 faecal samples from 20 participants with and without early AMD. We normalised both groups to the same diet over 5 days and determined gut microbial composition before and after the diet. To control for light, we assessed habitual light exposure with actigraphy and the post-illumination pupil light response (PIPR) quantified photoreceptor signalling. Clostridium termitidis, Bacteroides gallinarum, and Bacteroides finegoldii were significantly abundant in early AMD compared to controls at both time points. Interestingly, pro-inflammatory species such as Sutterella were only significantly abundant in AMD before the diet. After the diet, the gut microbiome shifted to a significantly greater abundance of commensal bacteria in AMD. Controls and AMD patients had a similar ambient light exposure, however the PIPR was significantly reduced in AMD suggesting impaired light signalling. We are the first to show a distinct gut microbiome in early AMD and infer that dietary changes may positively affect the gut microbiome at early stage of the disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feigl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huygens, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayasundara, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zele, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.25.645132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The gut microbiome in early age-related macular degeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.26.645618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AT1R and Integrin β3 Synergize to Drive Aortic Dissection via Non-Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.26.645618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aortic dissection (AD), a life-threatening cardiovascular emergency, continues to impose high mortality due to insufficient therapeutic options, as monotherapy targeting angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) demonstrates limited clinical efficacy. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified integrin {beta}3 as a critical driver of AD progression, with expression levels positively correlated with disease severity. Histopathological validation in human AD specimens and a murine angiotensin II (AngII)-infusion model confirmed marked upregulation of integrin {beta}3 activation. Pharmacological blockade of integrin {beta}3 with Cyclo(-RGDfK) significantly attenuated aortic pathogenesis in vivo, reducing dissection incidence and aortic degeneration. Mechanistically, AngII-mediated AT1R activation induced formation of a receptor complex with integrin {beta}3, triggering its conformational activation. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that activated integrin {beta}3 potentiates vascular endothelial dysfunction by binding glycogen synthase kinase 3{beta} (GSK3{beta}), which stabilizes {beta}-catenin via a non-canonical Wnt signaling axis. This pathway drives endothelial barrier disruption, hallmarks of aortic wall destabilization in AD. Our findings unveil a previously unrecognized synergy between AT1R and integrin {beta}3, implicating aberrant Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling as a nexus of endothelial injury in AD pathogenesis. These results advocate for a paradigm-shifting dual-therapeutic strategy concurrently targeting AT1R and integrin {beta}3 to restore vascular homeostasis, offering a mechanistically grounded approach to mitigate this lethal disease. This work bridges critical gaps in understanding AD pathophysiology and provides a transformative framework for precision therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhusudhan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.26.645618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AT1R and Integrin β3 Synergize to Drive Aortic Dissection via Non-Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.31.646424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Archaeological Bolivian maize genomes suggest Inca cultural expansion augmented maize diversity in South America 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.31.646424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous archaeological and anthropological studies have demonstrated the myriad of ways that cultural and political systems shape access to food and food preferences. However, few studies have conducted a biocultural analysis linking specific genotypic/phenotypic traits as evidence of cultural selection in ancient contexts. Here, we provide insight into this topic through ancient genome data from Bolivian maize dating to [~]500-600 BP, included as an offering with the mummified remains of a young girl. These data are compared to 16 previously published archaeological maize samples spanning at least 5,000 years of evolution, and 226 modern maize samples. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that the archaeological Bolivian maize (aBM) has the closest genetic distance to the archaeological maize from ancient Peru, which in turn shared the most similarities with archaeological Peruvian maize. During the period of interaction between the Inca state and local polities in the central Andes and consequent interactions with local agricultural traditions, the genetic diversity of maize increased. Ovule development in modern maize was selected and compared to those in archaeological specimens, revealing evidence of targeted breeding strategies aimed at improving seed quality and yield. While the cultural origin of the maize - either Inca or local Aymara - is uncertain, we demonstrate that the samples are most similar to Peruvian maize and potential targeted selection strategies for enhanced growth were well established by the 15th century.

Significance StatementMaize has been improved through selective breeding delivering desirable horticultural, agronomic, and cultural characteristics, related to environment, nutrition, etc. Inca culture was closely associated with maize diversity, but there is little evidence to show how and why culture influenced that diversity and modern maize biogeographic patterns in South America. We show that in the 15th century CE, maize diversity in the central Andes was enhanced through selection for specific traits associated with reproduction. We hypothesize that this may have contributed to maize becoming a staple under the Inca, as happened previously with expanding Tiwanaku interactions and influence during the Middle Horizon.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baetsen-Young, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madzima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera Casanovas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovis, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrobel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.31.646424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Archaeological Bolivian maize genomes suggest Inca cultural expansion augmented maize diversity in South America]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.06.646486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mathematical model of metacarpal subchondral bone adaptation, microdamage, and repair in racehorses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.06.646486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fractures of the distal limb in Thoroughbred racehorses primarily occur because of accumulation of bone microdamage from high-intensity training. Mathematical models of subchondral bone adaptation of the third metacarpal lateral condyles are capable of approximating existing data for Thoroughbred racehorses in training or at rest. To improve upon previous models, we added a dynamic resorption rate and microdamage accumulation and repair processes. Our ordinary differential equation model simulates the coupled processes of bone adaptation and microdamage accumulation, and is calibrated to data on racehorses in training and rest. Sensitivity analyses of our model suggest that joint loads and distances covered per day are among the most significant parameters for predicting microdamage accumulated during training. We also use the model to compare the impact of incremental increasing training programs as horses enter training from a period of rest and maintenance workloads of horses that are race fit on bone adaptation. We find that high-speed training accounts for the majority of damage to the bone. Furthermore, for horses in race training, the estimated rates of bone repair are unable to offset the rate of damage accumulation under a typical Australian racing campaign, highlighting the need for regular rest from training.

Nomenclature

O_TBL View this table:
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d155cborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@57a950org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@12cd1b9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17ce916org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1aaaf66_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_TBL C_TBL
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malekipour, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pivonka, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrice-West, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flegg, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hitchens, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.06.646486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mathematical model of metacarpal subchondral bone adaptation, microdamage, and repair in racehorses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.659861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced Resistance and Resilience of Anaerobic Digestion Microbiome after Single and Dual Short-Term Disturbances 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.659861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anaerobic digesters are operated at high solids retention times (SRTs) of 20 d or longer to mitigate accidental substrate overloading. However, the long-term effects of such disturbances on digester performance and microbiome remain unclear. This study investigates whether short-term pulse disturbances (temporary SRT reductions) can enhance microbial resilience and accelerate recovery from sustained overloading conditions. We explored the feasibility of anaerobic digestion at shorter SRTs by introducing one or two pulse SRT disturbances (SRT reduction from 15 to 5 d) in four mesophilic anaerobic digesters treating wastewater sludge, followed by sustained operation (press disturbance) 5 d SRT. Dual pulse disturbances showed faster process recovery compared to digesters receiving a single pulse disturbance (60 d vs 104 d) with reduced volatile fatty acids levels during the subsequent press disturbance periods. Microbial community redundancy and resilience, with shifts between the slow-growing, resource-efficient taxa (K-strategists) and fast-growing, opportunistic taxa (r-strategists), were crucial in ensuring minimal disruptions during disturbance and recovery periods. Overall, pulse disturbances may serve as a practical tool for enhancing microbiome resilience in anaerobic digestion, enabling stable performance under fluctuating substrate loading conditions.

SYNOPSISControlled pulse disturbances enhance anaerobic digestion resilience by priming microbial communities, enabling stable performance at short solids retention times and high organic loading conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohidin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, T. C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santillan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cokro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wuertz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.17.659861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced Resistance and Resilience of Anaerobic Digestion Microbiome after Single and Dual Short-Term Disturbances]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Therapeutic targeting of oligodendrocytes in an agent-based model of multiple sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease in which misdirected, persistent activity of the immune system degrades the protective myelin sheaths of nerve axons. Historically, treatment of MS has relied on disease-modifying therapies that involve immunosuppression, such as targeting of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to restrict lymphocyte movement. New therapeutic ideas in the development pipeline are instead designed to promote populations of myelin producing cells, oligodendrocytes, by exploiting their innate resilience to the stressors of MS or restoring their numbers. Given the significant advancements made in immunological disease understanding due to mathematical and computational modelling, we sought to develop a platform to (1) interrogate our understanding of the neuroimmunological mechanisms driving MS development and (2) examine the impact of different therapeutic strategies. To this end we propose a novel, open-source, agent-based model of lesion development in the CNS. Our model includes crucial populations of T cells, perivascular macrophages, and oligodendrocytes. We examine the sensitivity of the model to key parameters related to disease targets and conclude that lesion stabilisation can be achieved when targeting the integrated stress response of oligodendrocytes. Most significantly, complete prevention of lesion formation is observed when a combination of approved BBB-permeability targeting therapies and integrated-stress response targeting therapies is administered, suggesting the potential to strike a balance between a patients immune inflammation and their reparative capacity. Given that there are many open questions surrounding the etiology and treatment of MS, we hope that this malleable platform serves as a tool to test and generate further hypotheses regarding this disease.

Author summaryMultiple sclerosis is a disease that is not yet fully understood and has no cure. Some patient phenotypes see little benefit from current therapeutic interventions besides symptomatic treatment. Typically, MS studies have focused on the prevention of damage to brain tissue. As such, there are unanswered questions about how to reverse the damage in the brain and spinal cord of MS patients caused by immune cells. In light of this there is an urgent need for mathematical modelling of new therapeutic strategies - some of which remain to be clinically examined - shifting the attention from the targeting of aberrant immune activity to the upregulation of resident, reparative cells called oligodendrocytes. Here, we have developed a mathematical model to probe the potential benefits of oligodendrocyte targeted therapies in silico. We focus on T cells as damaging agents and monitor oligodendrocyte function in response to their activity. We show that oligodendrocytes strongly influence the tissues ability to stabilise and even recover under persistent, harmful immune activity. In practice, these therapies could hold the potential to unlock neuroprotection by means of enhanced remyelination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weatherley, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dando, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Therapeutic targeting of oligodendrocytes in an agent-based model of multiple sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.29.661865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Patient-Specific 3D Printed Carotid Artery Model Integrating Vascular Structure, Flow and Endothelium Responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.29.661865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The progression of atherosclerosis is driven by the interplay between vascular anatomy, hemodynamic forces, and endothelial responses. However, existing in vitro vascular models have yet to integrate all these elements into a cohesive, patient-specific system. Here, we present the first instance of direct 3D printing of a miniaturized, patient-specific carotid artery model that recapitulates anatomical-dependent hemodynamic changes and vascular cell remodeling. Phase-contrast MRI scans from a healthy donor were used to generate miniaturized 3D carotid artery models, which were analyzed via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) to validate the preservation of physiological hemodynamic properties. Using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, we fabricated the miniaturized carotid artery vessel using GelMA, containing embedded human aortic smooth muscle cells and an endothelialized lumen. Perfusion culture replicated physiological arterial shear stress of up to 10 dynes cm-{superscript 2}, resulting in differential endothelial cell alignment and inflammatory monocyte adhesion corresponding to laminar and turbulent flow regions within the carotid artery. This model serves as a powerful platform to investigate how anatomical variation influences susceptibility to atherosclerosis through its impact on local flow dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amaya Catano, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ong, L. J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yarlagadda, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toh, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.29.661865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Patient-Specific 3D Printed Carotid Artery Model Integrating Vascular Structure, Flow and Endothelium Responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From Smartphone Images to Musculoskeletal Models: Personalized Inertial Parameter Estimation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Every human body is different, however, current movement analysis does not reflect that, as it heavily relies on generic musculoskeletal models. Usually, these models are scaled to match the participants body segment lengths and body weight, but not taking individual body shape into account. This can lead to errors in the estimation of joint forces and torques, which are important to accurately estimate musculoskeletal variables. Thus, we developed a method to estimate body segment inertial parameters based on smartphone pictures. From the pictures, we reconstruct the body hull, estimate the skeletal shape and pose, and then estimate the distribution of bone, lean, and fatty tissues. We then segment the body hull and assign each tissue type a density, which is used to calculate the body segment inertial parameters. These personalizated models were validated with an experiment including gait and magnetic resonance imaging measurements. We found that our method leads to a reduction of residual forces of up to 14.9 % and a reduction of metabolic cost of up to 12.8 % when compared to generic musculoskeletal models. Furthermore, the shape-based inertial parameter personalization method creates participant-specific musculoskeletal models that are closer to the MRI-derived ground truth than generic models. To allow for the use of our method with existing data, we also introduce two new generic musculoskeletal models, which are based on the average standing body shapes and show similar joint moment outcomes, but less reduction of residual forces as the personalized models.

Author summaryOur method adresses the challenge of personalizing inertial properties of musculoskeletal models. The existing state-of-the-art methods involve scaling a generic model to match the participants body weight and segment lengths or widths, which does not take individual body shape into account. To overcome these limitations, we developed a method to personalize musculoskeletal models based on smartphone pictures by reconstructing their body hull. We then estimate where tissue types, e.g. fat, muscle, and bone, are located in the body hull estimate inertial parameters for each segment. The personalized models were validated with an experiment including gait and magnetic resonance imaging measurements, and we found that our method leads to reduced residual forces, which is important for accurate musculoskeletal simulations. As our method leads to different joint torques when compared to generic musculoskeletal models, it can influence the interpretation of biomechanical analyses. Our method can be used whenever a participants body shape is known, or smartphone pictures can be taken. For retrospective studies, we also introduce two new generic musculoskeletal models, SIPP-generic-female and SIPP-generic-male, which are based on average standing body shapes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gambietz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azam, P. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wechsler, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hille, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menzel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ott, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botsch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miehling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koelewijn, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From Smartphone Images to Musculoskeletal Models: Personalized Inertial Parameter Estimation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.12.664534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parameter-wise predictions and sensitivity analysis forrandom walk models in the life sciences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.12.664534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensitivity analysis characterises input-output relationships for mathematical models, and has been widely applied to deterministic models across many applications in the life sciences. In contrast, sensitivity analysis for stochastic models has received less attention, with most previous work focusing on well-mixed, non-spatial problems. For explicit spatio-temporal stochastic models, such as random walk models (RWMs), sensitivity analysis has received far less attention. Here we present a new type of sensitivity analysis, called parameter-wise prediction, for two types of biologically-motivated and computationally expensive RWMs. To overcome the limitations of directly analysing stochastic simulations, we employ continuum-limit partial differential equation (PDE) descriptions as surrogate models, and we link these efficient surrogate descriptions to the RWMs using a range of biophysically-motivated measurement error models. Our approach is likelihood-based, which means that we also consider likelihood-based parameter estimation and identifiability analysis along with parameter sensitivity. The new approach is presented for two important classes of lattice-based RWM including a classical model where crowding effects are neglected, and an exclusion process model that explicitly incorporates crowding. Our workflow illustrates how different process models can be combined with different measurement error models to reveal how each parameter impacts the outcome of the expensive stochastic simulation. Open-access software to replicate all results is available on GitHub.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warne, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.12.664534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parameter-wise predictions and sensitivity analysis forrandom walk models in the life sciences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AEMB: a computationally efficient abundance estimation method for metagenomic binning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metagenomic binning is a crucial step in metagenomic analysis, namely grouping together contigs that are predicted to originate from the same genome to enable the recovery of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). It has been shown that using information from multiple samples yields better results than binning each sample independently. However, for N metagenomic samples, using full multi-against-multi binning requires N2 alignments, making it computationally challenging to apply in large-scale metagenomic studies.

Here, we propose AEMB (Abundance Estimation for Metagenomic Binning), a novel mapping mode implemented in strobealign. AEMB is a computationally efficient abundance estimation method that uses a prefix-lookup vector as an indexing structure to reduce memory usage and randstrobes to estimate the abundance of contigs without performing base-level alignment. Compared to the hash table used in the previous version of strobealign, the indexing structure reduces peak memory usage by 25.2% with almost the same runtime. Furthermore, we implemented a fast abundance estimation method that skips base-level alignment. Altogether, AEMB reduces the runtime for abundance estimation by 88% to 96% compared to commonly used alignment methods such as Bowtie2 and BWA, while achieving similar binning results.

AEMB is available as a mapping mode in strobealign https://github.com/ksahlin/strobealign and SemiBin2 (v2.1 and later) accepts its inputs for binning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolstoganov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahlin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coelho, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.30.667338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AEMB: a computationally efficient abundance estimation method for metagenomic binning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of BRN2 in Melanoma Reverses Anoikis Resistance and Sensitizes Cells to Killing by Vemurafenib 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anoikis is an apoptotic cell death program triggered upon detachment from surrounding extracellular structures. However, the ability to evade cell death by anoikis in the presence of apoptosis-inducing stimuli is necessary for the formation of malignant tumors and progression to metastasis. Our findings indicate that the BRN2 (POU3F2) transcription factor is associated with anoikis resistance in melanoma cells. However, the BRN2 signaling cascade driving anoikis resistance remains unknown. Herein, we employed genome-wide CRISPR screens to validate BRN2 as a driver of anoikis resistance. Small molecule inhibition of BRN2 in melanoma cell lines with acquired anoikis resistance resensitized to death by anoikis in ultra-low attachment conditions. Our quantitative mass spectrometry analysis revealed that BRN2 functionally impacts oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial activity, whereby probes designed to inhibit BRN2 induced apoptosis and mitochondrial fragmentation through the MAPK and NF-{kappa}B signaling pathways and reduction in PPAR{gamma} expression. Our study suggests that inhibition of BRN2 might allow the targeting of metastatic cells in circulation, and sensitizes cells to BRAF-targeted therapy, improving the prognosis for melanoma patients.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=156 SRC="FIGDIR/small/667908v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (69K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@12ffd89org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ae6c8eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@58e49forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9b83e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical Abstract.C_FLOATNO Role of BRN2 in driving anoikis resistance in melanoma.

Upon detachment from the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) melanoma cells must evade cell death by anoikis to seed distant metastases. This study expanded the understanding of the role of the BRN2 transcription factor as a driver of resistance to anoikis in melanoma. The use of small molecule inhibitors targeting BRN2 revealed that the transcription factor drives anoikis resistance via the MAPK and NF-{kappa}B signaling pathways, resulting in PPAR{gamma} dysregulation and subsequently driving mitochondrial dysfunction. Green boxes = previously published drivers of anoikis resistance in melanoma. Blue box = changes to mitochondrial function following inhibition of BRN2 as determined by proteomics analysis.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neuendorf, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.667908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of BRN2 in Melanoma Reverses Anoikis Resistance and Sensitizes Cells to Killing by Vemurafenib]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mathematical model for inflammation and demyelination in multiple sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable, life-long disease caused by the demyelination of neurons in the brain and spine. MS is often characterised by relapses in inflammation and demyelination, that are then followed by periods of remittance. Symptoms can be highly debilitating and there are still many open questions about the origin and progression of the disease. Mathematical modelling is well-placed to capture the dynamics of MS and provide insight into disease aetiology. In this work, we present a minimal model for MS disease onset and progression driven by inflammation and demyelination. The model dynamics are capable of describing a typical evolution of the illness, with changes from a healthy state to a diseased scenario captured by certain ranges of parameter values. Our model also describes the non-uniform oscillatory nature of the disease, born from a Hopf bifurcation due to the strength of the inflammatory response. In particular, using experimental data for Contrast Enhancing Lesions (CELs) obtained from MS patients, we are able to reproduce some of the typical relapsing-remitting behaviours of this disease. We hope that the model presented here can serve as a baseline for more complex approaches and as a tool to predict possible evolutions of the disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weatherley, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frascoli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.667831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mathematical model for inflammation and demyelination in multiple sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Latency of a Domain-General Visual Surprise Signal is Attribute Dependent 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predictions concerning upcoming visual input play a key role in resolving percepts. Sometimes input is surprising, under which circumstances the brain must calibrate erroneous predictions so that perception is veridical. Despite the extensive literature investigating the nature of prediction error signalling, it is still unclear how this process interacts with the functionally segregated nature of the visual cortex, particularly within the temporal domain. Here, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from humans whilst they viewed static image trajectories containing a bound object that sequentially changed along different visual attribute dimensions (shape and colour). Crucially, the context of this change was designed to appear random (and unsurprising) or violate the established trajectory (and cause a surprise). Event-related potential analysis found no effects of surprise after controlling for cortical adaptation. However, multivariate pattern analyses found whole-brain neural representations of visual surprise that overlapped between attributes, albeit at distinct, attribute-specific latencies. These findings suggest that visual surprise results in whole-brain, generalised (i.e., attribute-agnostic) prediction error responses that conform to an attribute-dependent temporal hierarchy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lowe, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.18.670829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Latency of a Domain-General Visual Surprise Signal is Attribute Dependent]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.16.670645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct brain mechanisms support trust violations, belief integration, and bias in human-AI teams 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.16.670645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study provides an integrated electrophysiological and behavioral account of the neuro-cognitive markers underlying trust evolution during human interaction with artificial intelligence (AI). Trust is essential for effective collaboration and plays a key role in realizing the benefits of human-AI teaming in information-rich and decision-critical contexts. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we identified neural signatures of dynamic shifts in human trust during a face classification task involving an AI agent. Viewing the AIs classification elicited an N2-P3a-P3b event-related potential (ERP) complex that was sensitive to agreement with the participants own judgment and modulated by individual response biases. In addition, we observed a centro-parietal positivity (CPP) prior to participants responses, and found that ongoing EEG activity in this time window co-varied with subsequent changes in AI trust ratings. These neural effects showed substantial individual variability, indicating the use of diverse metacognitive strategies. Together, these findings suggest that trust in AI is shaped by internal confidence signals and evaluative processing of feedback.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roeder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyte, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruza, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.16.670645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct brain mechanisms support trust violations, belief integration, and bias in human-AI teams]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing the Paper Mill Iceberg: AI-Based Screening of Cancer Research Publications. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesTo train and validate a machine learning model to distinguish paper mill publications from genuine cancer research articles, and to screen the cancer research literature to assess the prevalence of papers that have textual similarities to paper mill papers.

DesignMethodological study applying a BERT-based text classification model to article titles and abstracts.

SettingRetracted paper mill publications listed in the Retraction Watch database were used for model training. The cancer research corpus was screened by the model, using the PubMed database restricted to original cancer research articles published between 1999 and 2024.

ParticipantsThe model was trained on 2,202 retracted paper mill papers and validated on independent data collected by image integrity experts. A total of 2.6 million cancer research papers were screened.

Main outcome measuresClassification performance of the model. Prevalence of papers flagged as similar to retracted paper mill publications with 95% confidence intervals and their distribution over time, by country, publisher, cancer type, research area, and within high-impact journals (Decile 1).

ResultsThe model achieved an accuracy of 0.91. When applied to the cancer research literature, it flagged 9.87% (95% CI 9.83 to 9.90) of papers and revealed a large increase in flagged papers from 1999 to 2024, both across the entire corpus and in the top 10% of journals by impact factor. Over 170,000 papers affiliated with Chinese institutions were flagged, accounting for 35% of Chinese cancer research articles. Most publishers had published substantial numbers of flagged papers. Flagged papers were overrepresented in fundamental research and in gastric, bone, and liver cancer.

ConclusionsPaper mills are a large and growing problem in the cancer literature and are not restricted to low impact journals. Collective awareness and action will be crucial to address the problem of paper mill publications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scancar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrne, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Causeur, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnett, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.673016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing the Paper Mill Iceberg: AI-Based Screening of Cancer Research Publications.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.07.674689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modelling the emergence of spiral colony morphology in the yeast Magnusiomyces magnusii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.07.674689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Yeast species have several adaptations that enable them to survive in harsh environments. These adaptations include biofilm formation, where the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances can protect the cells from a hostile environment, or, under nutrient-limited conditions, pseudohyphal or hyphal growth, where the colony can send out long  tendrils to explore the environment and seek nutrients. Recently, we observed a spiral colony morphology emerge in an isolate of the hyphae-forming yeast Magnusiomyces magnusii grown under laboratory conditions. We use an off-lattice agent-based model (ABM) that simulates colony development to investigate the hypothesis that bias in the angle between successive hyphal segments causes the spiral morphology. The model involves biologically-motivated rules of hyphal extension, with key model parameters including the colony size at the onset of hyphal filaments, and the angle between the penultimate and the apical segments. Using one example of an experimentally-grown colony, we use a sequential neural likelihood method to perform likelihood-free Bayesian inference to infer the model parameters. Our results indicate a mean angle between hyphal segments of 2.3{whitebullet} [1.1{whitebullet}, 3.6{whitebullet}] (95% credible interval). To confirm the models applicability to colony growth, we use biologically-feasible parameter values to yield morphologies observed in M. magnusii experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knezevic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardner, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiranek, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, J. E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binder, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, A. K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.07.674689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modelling the emergence of spiral colony morphology in the yeast Magnusiomyces magnusii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.678977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From Home to Transcriptome: Comparing the transcriptomic profile of induced immune response via lipopolysaccharide stimulation in homeRNA and venous blood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.678977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Remote blood sampling offers multiple advantages over traditional clinic-based blood sampling studies, including greater patient inclusion, more frequent sampling, and broader geographical reach. Combining remote blood sampling with transcriptomic analysis opens potential in translational applications for capturing acute and dynamic immune responses to various exposures. In this study, we establish the feasibility of homeRNA, a capillary blood collection and RNAlater-based stabilization kit, for use in downstream bulk RNA-sequencing applications via capturing a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response. We also compared the baseline gene expression profiles and induced inflammatory response following LPS stimulation between homeRNA-stabilized samples and venous blood stabilized with RNAlater or PAXgene. We found that homeRNA was successfully able to capture an inflammatory response to LPS, specifically targeting various cytokines (e.g., IL6, IL12B, IL1B), chemokines (e.g., CCL3, CXCL10, CCL4), and other transcriptional factors in the toll-like receptor pathway, the primary pathway activated during LPS stimulation. Importantly, we also found that homeRNA captured a LPS-induced inflammatory response comparable to that of venous blood samples stabilized with either RNAlater or PAXgene. Overall, this work demonstrates that the homeRNA platform is compatible with downstream bulk RNA-sequencing analysis and can capture transcriptomic immune responses to a known stimulus which are analogous to results in traditional stabilized venous blood samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milton, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alizai, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bammler, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toh, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaussabel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haack, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theberge, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.27.678977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From Home to Transcriptome: Comparing the transcriptomic profile of induced immune response via lipopolysaccharide stimulation in homeRNA and venous blood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.684690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Suspended Tissue Engineering with Assemblable Microfluidics (STEAM) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.684690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Suspended tissue culture systems enable cellular responses to mechanical forces critical for tissue development and function. Tissues develop in a complex environment containing both mechanical and chemical cues that vary spatiotemporally; modeling both of these physiochemistries in vitro through integration of spatial patterning with mechanical manipulation is thus an important aspect in microphysiological tissue modeling. Here we introduce Suspended Tissue Engineering with Assemblable Microfluidics (STEAM), a modular tissue fabrication platform that allows for spatially heterogeneous suspended tissue architectures. With STEAM we achieve tissue constructs with multiple regions through the addition of capillary pinning features to control hydrogel precursor flow. STEAM tissues can easily be moved from patterning setup to well-plate to microscope slide, and enables stacking of separately generated layers. Mechanical manipulation post-fabrication is also possible via static stretching, where cell-embedded 3D tissues can be stretched farther apart to induce strain along an axis. To demonstrate this post fabrication strain ability, we induced strain in mouse myoblasts in an engineered muscle tissue model that increased alignment of myotubes. Finally, by modifying the channel geometry of the fluidic based patterning rails, we generate complex nonplanar suspended tissues. Overall, STEAM leverages microfluidic principles to generate suspended tissues that integrate patterning precision, mechanical functionality, and experimental versatility. STEAM provides a suite of tissue constructs for modeling tissue behaviors from the interplay of spatial organization and mechanical forces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haack, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitten, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knudsen, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouker, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viswanathan, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milton, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgiou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alizai, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toh, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeForest, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sniadecki, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theberge, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.684690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Suspended Tissue Engineering with Assemblable Microfluidics (STEAM)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The emerging role of receptor trafficking insignalosome formation and sustained long-termWnt/β-catenin signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite its central role in development, cell homeostasis, and cancer, the mechanisms that govern canonical Wnt signaling, particularly how receptor internalization and membrane organization shape signalosome formation and downstream pathway activation, remain a topic of ongoing debate. To resolve this longstanding controversy, we developed a mechanistic model that integrates seemingly contradictory experimental observations into a coherent explanatory framework. Using an optimized multi-level rule-based modeling approach the model explicitly captures lateral membrane organization, receptor complex dynamics, endocytic routing and downstream signaling. Simulations reveal a previously unrecognized compensatory mechanism in which rapid recycling of partially immobilized receptor assemblies amplifies and stabilizes signalosome formation. The results further indicate that internalization and recycling are essential for stable long-term {beta}-catenin activation, offering an explanation why these processes are required for excessive signaling in cancer cells. The model further predicts that ordered membrane domains enhance signaling not merely by colocalizing receptors and DVL but by increasing effective residence time through rebinding-driven cluster stabilization. Integrating diverse experimental measurements into a unified simulation framework quantitatively reconciles conflicting experimental reports on the necessity of receptor internalization for pathway activation. By resolving these debates and providing falsifiable predictions for how trafficking and membrane organization jointly tune pathway output, the study offers a mechanistic foundation for targeted modulation of Wnt signaling in developmental and disease contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haack, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhrmacher, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The emerging role of receptor trafficking insignalosome formation and sustained long-termWnt/β-catenin signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of mechanical requirements on the neural control of skeletal muscle and subsequent energetic rates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1The energetic cost of skeletal muscle contraction is a fundamental driver in the selection of locomotor strategies. Muscle energy consumption depends on muscle-fibre typology, neural drive, and mechanical state. While the influence of fibre-type and mechanical state on energy use has been extensively characterised in isolated muscle preparations, these experiments fail to capture the influence of realistic in vivo motor unit recruitment strategies. Hence, this study aims to capture neural drive in the tibialis anterior, in particular motor unit recruitment thresholds and rate coding, and the corresponding changes in energy use across a range of mechanical demands. Fixed ankle angle dorsiflexion contractions were performed at varying rates of torque development, while high density electromyography characterized motor unit spiking activity, B-mode ultrasound captured muscle fascicle dynamics, and indirect calorimetry measured energetic rates. Faster rates of torque development required earlier recruitment of motor units with increased motor unit firing rates which coincided with increased fascicle strain rates. At higher rates of torque development, these altered motor unit discharge patterns and muscle mechanics coincided with increased muscle energy use. Together, these findings highlight that in vivo muscle energetics emerge from the dynamic interplay between neural control and mechanical demands.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Konno, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hug, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtwark, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.04.692254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of mechanical requirements on the neural control of skeletal muscle and subsequent energetic rates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.05.692701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-DA: Adapting CRISPR gRNA design for detection assays 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.05.692701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas systems offer a viable alternative to traditional detection and diagnosis methods. However, their effectiveness relies heavily on the selection of appropriate guide RNA sequences. Existing gRNA design tools were primarily developed for gene editing and are not always directly applicable to CRISPR-based detection assays. In particular, alignmentbased methods are still used to estimate gRNA specificity, even though they can miss a substantial portion of off-target sites. In this work, we introduce CRISPR-DA, a CRISPR gRNA design tool for detection assays. We show that it provides a better assessment of gRNA specificity than BLAST, which detected only 33.27 % and 0.43 % of cross-species off-targets in two datasets. Additionally, CRISPR-DA ran two and six times faster than BLAST on these datasets, respectively. Our method incorporates advances from gene-editing guide RNA design tools, including uncertainty-informed guide RNA design, to improve the selection of guides with high on-target activity. CRISPR-DA is available at https://github.com/bmds-lab/CRISPR-DA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmitz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradford, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.05.692701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-DA: Adapting CRISPR gRNA design for detection assays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.692445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intricate microbiome differences observed in lactating cows across methane intensity phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.692445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methane emissions from ruminants can be expressed through several metrics as total production, yield, or intensity, each reflecting distinct aspects of energy utilization. Among these, methane intensity defined as grams of methane emitted per kilograms of energy-corrected milk, directly links emissions to productive efficiency; however, the microbial mechanisms underlying variation in this trait remain unclear. Here, we applied genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to characterize rumen microbial identity, functional potential, and transcriptional activity in lactating cows differing in methane intensity while sharing breed and diet. Microbial community composition and diversity were comparable across phenotypes. However, rumen microbial gene expression revealed marked functional divergence. The rumen content of low-methane intensity cows showed enriched transcription of fructan-degrading carbohydrate-active enzymes and butyrate-forming pathways, primarily encoded by RUG440 (Atopobiaceae) and Sodaliphilus-affiliated metagenome-assembled genomes. These functions suggest a fructan-butyrate metabolic axis supported by potential cross-feeding between primary degraders and butyrate producers. Conversely, the high-methane intensity rumen exhibited greater transcription of pectin-degrading carbohydrate-active enzymes, mainly carried by Prevotella metagenome-assembled genomes, suggesting methyl-ester hydrolysis and methanol release. Despite higher methanogenesis transcript levels in high-methane intensity cows, total methane production did not differ between groups. Together, these findings reveal two contrasting functional configurations of the rumen microbiome in Norwegian Red dairy cattle: a fructan-butyrate-oriented metabolism in low-methane intensity cows and a pectin-methanol-oriented metabolism in high-methane intensity counterparts. This study provides genome-resolved, multi-omic evidence that microbial carbohydrate specialization and fermentation routing contribute to methane intensity phenotypes in dairy cows, offering mechanistic insights for improving ruminant climate efficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maynez Perez, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahyo, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aho, V. T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarm, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.11.692445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intricate microbiome differences observed in lactating cows across methane intensity phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.693890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deacetylation of β-Mannans by Two Complementary Carbohydrate Esterases from the Human Gut Microbe Bacteroides cellulosilyticus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.693890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
{beta}-Mannans are widespread in the human diet as components of plant-derived foods and as food additives. Several classes of {beta}-mannans are decorated with acetylations, which are key for their physicochemical properties and protection against enzymatic degradation. While the process for depolymerization of acetylated {beta}-mannans has been described in depth for members of the phylum Bacillota, there is limited mechanistic knowledge on how Bacteroidota utilize these glycans. Here, we combined proteomics and biochemical analyses to functionally characterize a pair of carbohydrate esterases (CEs) from Bacteroides cellulosilyticus that, together, deacetylate complex {beta}-mannans. We demonstrate that the newly identified BcCExxx enzyme, representing a novel carbohydrate esterase (CE) family, exhibits high specificity by selectively removing axially oriented 2-O-acetyl groups from mannose residues. In contrast, BcCE7 functions as a broad-spectrum esterase, capable of deacetylating oligosaccharides derived from structurally diverse substrates, including {beta}-mannans, xylans, and acetylated cellulose. In transesterification reactions, BcCExxx showed activity on both mannooligosaccharides and polymeric glucomannan. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the strategies that beneficial Bacteroides have evolved to deacetylate complex {beta}-mannans in the human gut.

Significance Statement{beta}-Mannans, commonly found in various plant-based foods and used as food additives, can be metabolized by gut microbes, potentially impacting host health. Acetylation of {beta}-mannans enhances their resistance to enzymatic breakdown, making carbohydrate esterases crucial for gut bacteria to utilize these carbohydrates. This study explores the roles of two carbohydrate esterases (CEs) from a human commensal Bacteroides species in deacetylating complex {beta}-mannans. The two esterases together remove acetylations at different positions on mannose units. BcCE7 is a versatile esterase that deacetylates a variety of oligosaccharides, while the newly discovered BcCExxx is highly active towards 2-O-acetylations on mannose units in both oligosaccharides and polymeric {beta}-mannan. This research enhances our understanding of how Bacteroidota species deacetylate {beta}-mannans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lindstad, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mrozek, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehlich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leivers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Rosa, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westereng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.12.693890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deacetylation of β-Mannans by Two Complementary Carbohydrate Esterases from the Human Gut Microbe Bacteroides cellulosilyticus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm life cycle stages reveals dispersal-specific biomarkers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria exhibit two lifestyles: planktonic free-floating individual cells or sessile multicellular aggregates known as biofilms. The biofilm lifecycle is characterised by three distinct stages: attachment, maturation and dispersal. Distinct adaptations occur in each stage, determining cellular behaviours such as surface attachment or synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix components. Characterising stage-specific bacterial profiles therefore represents a valuable strategy for the development of novel antibiofilm therapies. Here, we used the model biofilm-forming bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to characterise the transcriptional profiles of each stage of the biofilm life cycle: attachment, biofilm maturation and spontaneous dispersal in closed cultures. We report that surface attachment was accompanied by the upregulation of genes comprising the Pil-Chp mechanosensory system, whereas biofilm maturation was characterised by the upregulation of genes involved in Pel polysaccharide synthesis, siaD and PA4396 diguanylate cyclases as well as pipA, fimX and PA5442. In contrast, dispersing cells upregulated genes responsible for the biosynthesis of alginate, rhamnolipid, and extracellular nucleases (eddA, eddB), as well as the transcriptional regulator of dispersal amrZ. Additionally, genes encoding the spontaneous dispersal molecule cis-2-decenoic acid (dspS and dspI), canonical phosphodiesterases (nbdA and rbdA), four non-canonical HD-GYP phosphodiesterases and seven other c-di-GMP-related enzymes were also upregulated during dispersal. Our comprehensive analysis of transcriptional changes across biofilm stages therefore provides benchmarking stage-specific transcriptional profiles for P. aeruginosa biofilms in closed culture systems. Furthermore, it allowed the identification of a subset of fourteen genes as transcriptional biomarkers of dispersal, which were used to build reporter plasmids as tools to determine the onset of dispersal.

ImportanceBiofilm infections by P. aeruginosa are a major medical challenge due to the increased tolerance to antimicrobials displayed by bacteria living in sessile communities, which is reduced during spontaneous biofilm dispersal. Attachment, biofilm maturation and dispersal represent the main stages of a dynamic process known as the biofilm lifecycle. However, the global regulatory responses governing transitions between these stages remain understudied. Here, we combine live microscopy and biomass quantification to track the progression of P. aeruginosa cultures through the three main stages of the biofilm lifecycle. We show that cells from each stage recapitulate canonical, stage-specific transcriptional responses and identify a set of biomarkers associated with the onset of dispersal. These biomarkers may offer a practical tool for rapidly screening dispersal-inducing compounds, aiding in the discovery of the next generation of antibiofilm therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bertran i Forga, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairfull-Smith, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Totsika, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.18.695191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm life cycle stages reveals dispersal-specific biomarkers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a displacement-controlled uniaxial-strain bioreactor for high-throughput, dynamic in vitro cell culture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Bone is a dynamic tissue that experiences a wide range of forces during regular daily locomotion. This environment of dynamic strain strongly influences the architecture of the extracellular matrix, and it can impact the rate that bone adapts or recovers after an injury [1], [2]. Cell research is commonly performed in mechanically static conditions in the base of well plates, yet this is a far cry from the conditions natural to osteoblasts. To better understand the behaviours of osteoblasts, it is important to ensure that platforms are available to perform cell culture experiments in mechanically dynamic environments [3]-[5]. For this reason, we have designed a bioreactor system that imparts tensile strain onto flat, cell-seeded scaffold constructs in vivo within custom well plates. The bioreactor system has 36 separated wells spread across four mechanical actuation units and can apply up to 30% tensile strain to a 15 by 9 mm area of the constructs, operating within an incubator. The wider body of mechanostimulation research also shows that different many cell types, from neurons [6] to cardiac tissue [7], [8] and more [2], [6], [9]-[11], can be stimulated with a range of stimulus and have a wide array of responses, and it is expected that the bioreactor will also be useful for this research. To be accessible to research groups, the bioreactor has predominantly been constructed from widely available components and materials. Most parts fabricated using 3D printing, and all of the electronics can be found within a typical 3D printer DIY assembly kit. The device was validated for use in a 28 day in-vitro dynamic culture of osteoblasts on melt-electrowritten polycaprolactone scaffolds. The cell constructs were strained to 4% at 0.5 Hz on days 25-27 and removed on the 28th day. Cells were observed to elongate and align within some regions of high local strain following the 3 days of stimulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eames, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickering, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subedi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.18.695040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a displacement-controlled uniaxial-strain bioreactor for high-throughput, dynamic in vitro cell culture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.21.695338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multilevel hierarchical framework for quantification of experimental heterogeneity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.21.695338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological systems exhibit substantial heterogeneity: that is, variation in specific characteristics of individuals within a population. As a result, it is of critical importance to appropriately account for biological heterogeneity when calibrating mathematical models to infer cellular processes and predict behaviour. Recent approaches consider ordinary differential equations with random parameters to quantify heterogeneity in dynamical processes of cells. In this setting, statistical inference is performed to characterise the distribution of these random parameters within a cell population. One significant limitation of this approach is the tacit assumption that there are no substantial deviations in these distributions across experimental replicates. In this work, we propose a flexible Bayesian hierarchical differential equation modelling framework that quantifies and distinguishes both inter-experimental heterogeneity (heterogeneity between experimental replicates) and intra-experimental heterogeneity (biological heterogeneity within replicate populations). We consider two recent studies that employ mathematical models to interpret flow cytometry snap-shot data and quantify heterogeneity in nano-particle cell interactions and cell internalisation processes. Using simulation data, we demonstrate that substantial inaccuracy in the inferred dynamics can arise when experimental heterogeneity is not accounted for. By contrast, our hierarchical approach is robust to variability in inter-experimental and intra-experimental heterogeneity and our method simplifies to previous methods when inter-experimental heterogeneity is negligible. Our approach is flexible and widely applicable to applications involving replicate populations and snapshot data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Warne, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sisson, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faria, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.21.695338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multilevel hierarchical framework for quantification of experimental heterogeneity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.04.697229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A New Paradigm for the Mathematical Modelling of Multiple Sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.04.697229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune diseases that affects the central nervous system. It can lead to inflammation, neurodegeneration, and physical or cognitive disability. Currently, no cure for MS exists, but medications are available to slow its progression. To date, mathematical modelling of MS has focussed on a few aspects of the disease, but an overall modelling framework is missing. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for the mathematical modelling of MS. Based on biological principles, we propose six consecutive modelling levels and develop the first three model levels in this work using systems of ordinary differential equations. We test if these models can describe known effects related to MS disease risk, with particular focus on estrogen, vitamin D, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HLA-DR mutations. We first show that periodic disease outbreaks are possible in this framework through interactions by antigen-presenting cells, regulatory cells and memory B cells. We show that the presence of Epstein-Barr virus infections can initiate the disease, low and high levels of estrogen and vitamin D deficiency can alleviate it, mutations in the HLA-DR gene can promote MS, and we find that memory B-cells play a dominant role in the disease progression. We hope that this framework may serve as a reference for the development and comparative evaluation of future mathematical and computational models of MS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hillen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.04.697229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A New Paradigm for the Mathematical Modelling of Multiple Sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regional and sub-regional microglial heterogeneity in the steady-state mouse brain and retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CNS-resident immune cells are uniquely adapted to their microenvironment; however, the extent of their regional specialisation remains unclear. We combined morphometric and transcriptomic profiling of microglia across the healthy adult mouse CNS, including the olfactory bulbs, cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and retina, to define their regional and sub-regional heterogeneity. Bulk RNA-sequencing revealed region-specific signatures, with retinal microglia showing the most divergent transcriptomes, and genes related to antigen presentation, phagocytosis and chemokine signalling among the top differentially expressed genes. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified predominantly homeostatic microglia across all examined regions, alongside smaller clusters of interferon-responsive, chemokine-enriched, apolipoprotein-enriched and proliferative microglia. Apolipoprotein-enriched microglia were restricted to the olfactory bulbs, whereas interferon-responsive microglia were most abundant in the retina. Single-cell profiling of human retinal microglia confirmed clusters enriched for interferon-stimulated genes. Together, this study reveals previously unrecognised microglial heterogeneity within the healthy brain and eye and provides a comparison of microglia transcriptomes across different neuroanatomical regions of the CNS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Etebar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whatmore, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harkin, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quek, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eme-Scolan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMenamin, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dando, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.16.699866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regional and sub-regional microglial heterogeneity in the steady-state mouse brain and retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.699800v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
When should we use non-stationary adaptive management? A value of information analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.699800v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIMaking informed conservation decisions under climate change is a challenging task for practitioners, since decisions depend on changing environmental conditions and uncertain ecosystem responses to climate change. Given such uncertainties, the best practice to manage natural systems is adaptive management, where decisions dynamically adapt to the response of the ecosystem to previous conservation actions. Although adaptive approaches are optimal, they are also difficult to implement, have high computational costs, and recommend strategies that can be complex to interpret. These factors can hinder their on-ground application. On the other hand, simpler but suboptimal decision models can result in more interpretable recommendations, and might still yield good outcomes for ecosystems. Exploring trade-offs between complex optimal solutions and simpler sub-optimal solutions is essential for maximising conservation impact.
C_LIO_LIIn this manuscript, we use value of information theory to help managers simplify their decision-models, while balancing optimality of strategies. Our approach provides modelling recommendations by determining the benefits of modelling non-stationary ecosystem dynamics and the uncertain ecosystem response to climate change. We illustrate our approach on four scenarios inspired from the management of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, under different climate change trajectories.
C_LIO_LIWe find that the two main drivers of the recommended reduction in model complexity are the strength of non-stationarity (e.g. climate change trajectory) and the degree of uncertainty in ecosystem responses to climate change (e.g. uncertainty in the thermal resistance of a coral reef). When non-stationarity is weak, the decision problem can be reduced from a non-stationary to a stationary formulation. Similarly, when uncertainty in the response to climate change is low, this uncertainty can be safely ignored in the decision-making process. Conversely, when non-stationarity is strong and/or uncertainty is high, our approach justifies the need to account for these complexities when making decisions, as simpler approaches would yield poor outcomes.
C_LIO_LIThis manuscript guides managers in simplifying a modelling approach to manage ecosystems in the face of climate change. Our protocol can help simplify complex decision problems, allowing to reduce computational costs and enhance interpretability. By finding the balance between simplicity and optimality of models, this work contributes to bridging the gap between complex modelling and on-ground applications.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pascal, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chades, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmstedt, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.19.699800</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[When should we use non-stationary adaptive management? A value of information analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ruminosignatures associated with methane emissions and feed efficiency across geographies and cattle breeds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cattle rumen microbiota represents a highly complex and dynamic ecosystem, whose organization and connection to host phenotypes are of the highest importance to food security and the environment. In this study, we analyzed the rumen microbiota, from 2,492 cattle belonging to five different breeds and production systems across five countries, categorizing them into microbial co-abundance groups referred to as Ruminosignatures. We identified twelve distinct Ruminosignatures, including two that were consistently observed across all populations and were dominated by the genus Prevotella and UBA2810. Additional Ruminosignatures showed breed-and diet-specific patterns and collectively explained 96-99% of the variance in rumen microbial composition. The abundances of several Ruminosignatures were associated with methane emissions and feed efficiency, and were influenced by host genetics, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.09 to 0.51. The Ruminosignature dominated by UAB2810 was negatively associated with methane emissions across all datasets and positively linked to feed efficiency in Holstein from Italy and crossbred from Ireland. Additionally, the type of production system affects both the occurrence of Ruminosignatures and their impact on host phenotypes, emphasizing the need for context-specific approaches to modulate the rumen microbiome. Overall, our results offer new perspectives on the assembly of ruminal microbes and underscore the potential of the Ruminosignatures framework for microbiome-informed precision agriculture and breeding initiatives aimed at enhancing feed efficiency and minimizing the environmental impact of cattle farming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vourlaki, I.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furman, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapio, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waters, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirwan, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quintanilla, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reverter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garnsworthy, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgavi, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrahi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramayo-Caldas, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.19.706774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ruminosignatures associated with methane emissions and feed efficiency across geographies and cattle breeds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parameter estimation and identifiability analysis of stability and tipping points in potentially bistable ecosystems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ecological regime shifts are potentially a common property of ecosystems, describing transitions between alternative stable states that can represent healthy or unhealthy conditions under the same environmental drivers. Once a tipping point, defined as a critical threshold separating alternative stable states, is crossed, the system may degrade and recovery can be difficult, making early detection essential for effective ecosystem management. Predicting these tipping points requires models that exhibit bistability, representing systems that can exist in two alternative stable states under identical environmental conditions. A key question is whether standard ecological monitoring data can be used to identify bistability and accurately estimate tipping points. Using the Carpenter model of lake eutrophication, which expresses bistability between clear and polluted water states, we generate synthetic data under known stability regimes. Profile likelihood analysis is then applied to assess parameter identifiability and detect system stability and tipping points. Our results show that standard monitoring data do not always provide sufficient information to distinguish bistable from stable regimes. Importantly, bistability and tipping points become practically identifiable only when data are collected very close to the tipping point.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salpadoru, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmstedt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warne, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.09.710717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parameter estimation and identifiability analysis of stability and tipping points in potentially bistable ecosystems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mathematical model of curvature controlled tissue growth incorporating mechanical cell interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological tissues grow at rates that depend on the geometry of the supporting tissue substrate. In this study, we present a novel discrete mathematical model for simulating biological tissue growth in a range of geometries. The discrete model is deterministic and tracks the evolution of the tissue interface by representing it as a chain of individual cells that interact mechanically and simultaneously generate new tissue material. To describe the collective behaviour of cells, we derive a continuum limit description of the discrete model leading to a reaction-diffusion partial differential equation governing the evolution of cell density along the evolving interface. In the continuum limit, the mechanical properties of discrete cells are directly linked to their collective diffusivity, and spatial constraints introduce curvature dependence that is not explicitly incorporated in the discrete model. Numerical simulations of both the discrete and continuum models reproduce the smoothing behaviour observed experimentally with minimal discrepancies between the models. The discrete model offers further individual-level details, including cell trajectory data, for any restoring force law and initial geometry. Where applicable, we discuss how the discrete model and its continuum description can be used to interpret existing experimental observations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuba, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mathematical model of curvature controlled tissue growth incorporating mechanical cell interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic interpretation of biological tissue growth experiments with a computational model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The growth rates of biological tissues are influenced by the existing substrate geometry, mechanobiological processes and the interplay between them. Disentangling the contributions of geometry and mechanobiology experimentally is challenging, as mechanical properties are difficult to measure and tissue samples provide only static snapshot in time. However, the composition of a tissue preserves cues of the dynamic processes that shaped its architecture. In this work, we present a computational model of tissue growth that captures aspects of the interplay between geometry, mechanics, and stochastic biological processes, which we use to generate synthetic tissue compositions directly comparable with experimental samples. This framework enables quantitative analysis of tissue morphology, inference of underlying growth mechanisms, estimation of dynamic rates from single-time-point data, and investigation of how stochasticity contributes to emergent growth patterns. We demonstrate the applicability of the model to simulate the growth of different tissue types by applying this framework to two distinct tissue growth scenarios: (i) tissue grown within 3D-printed porous scaffolds, and (ii) bone formation in cortical pores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuba, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buenzli, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.12.711199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic interpretation of biological tissue growth experiments with a computational model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.712598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Potential for metal-coupled methane oxidation by Candidatus Methanocomedenaceae in coastal sediments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.712598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) archaea are important players in the microbial methane cycle, mitigating methane emissions from anoxic environments. ANME are found ubiquitously in methane-rich sediments, where they can couple anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM) to different electron acceptors such as sulfate, metal oxides, and natural organic matter (NOM). However, we still lack understanding of the geochemical niches and preferred metabolic pathways of most ANME subclades. Here, we investigated the genomic potential and ecophysiology of ANME-2a with respect to metal-dependent AOM in brackish metal-rich coastal sediments. We assembled several high-quality ANME MAGs from subclades with high strain heterogeneity and analyzed the genomic potential for metal-AOM. Additionally, we monitored long-term enrichments with various electron acceptors from the same sediments. Ultimately, we recovered 8 novel genomes of ANME-2a that clustered with an uncharacterized genus with only 2 representatives in public databases for which we propose the name  Candidatus Methanoborealis. The analysis of the MAGs showed two different clusters within this genus; one comprising of MAGs from the Baltic Sea that showed high potential for extracellular electron transfer (EET) required for metal-AOM, and another cluster form more diverse environments with less EET potential. The Baltic Sea Ca. Methanoborealis were the only canonical methanotrophs in the incubations during active methane oxidation and metal reduction. Our results contribute to the understanding of the phylogenomic and metabolic diversity in ANME subclades, which will help to further characterize novel ANME lineages from complex sediment samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jetten, M. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallenius, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>leu, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klomp, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>mcilroy, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyson, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slomp, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.712598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Potential for metal-coupled methane oxidation by Candidatus Methanocomedenaceae in coastal sediments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-read metagenomic sequencing reveals novel lineages and functional diversity in urban soil microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
City parks and other urban green spaces can bring significant benefits to the physical and mental health of city residents. However, there is limited knowledge about the microbial communities inhabiting these urban soils. Here, we applied long-read metagenomic sequencing to 58 urban soil samples from two major cities in China, enabling genome-resolved reconstruction of microbial diversity at unprecedented contiguity. We recovered 7,949 medium- and high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes, comprising 4,171 species-level genome bins, of which over 97% represent previously undescribed species. Long-read assemblies revealed extensive secondary metabolic capacity, including more than 30,000 biosynthetic gene clusters, which were highly contiguous compared with those from fragmented short-read assemblies. Beyond secondary metabolism, we uncovered over 2 million small protein families, including hundreds that are strongly enriched in the neighbourhood of defense systems and mobile genetic elements, highlighting their overlooked role in urban soils. These findings expand our understanding of the functional diversity of urban soil microbiomes and provide new insights with implications for urban public health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cusco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inda-Diaz, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coelho, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.713087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-read metagenomic sequencing reveals novel lineages and functional diversity in urban soil microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
